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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-07436

HSBC USA Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland						13-2764867
(State of incorporation)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
66 Hudson Boulevard, New York, New York						10001
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (212) 525-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
$100,000,000 Zero Coupon Callable Accreting Notes due January 15, 2043	HUSI/43	New York Stock Exchange
$50,000,000 Zero Coupon Callable Accreting Notes due January 29, 2043	HUSI/43A	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 25, 2025, there were 714 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding, all of which are owned by HSBC North America Holdings Inc.


HSBC USA Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Part/Item No.
Part I		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited):
	Consolidated Statement of Income	3
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheet	5
	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity	7
	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	9


















Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:
	Forward-Looking Statements	76
	Executive Overview	78
	Basis of Reporting	79

	Balance Sheet Review	80
	Results of Operations	85
	Segment Results - Group Reporting Basis	93
	Credit Quality	98
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	105
	Fair Value	109
	Risk Management	110

	Consolidated Average Balances and Interest Rates	115
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	117






Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	117








Part II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	117

Item 5.	Other Information	117
Item 6.	Exhibits	119

Signatures		120


HSBC USA Inc.

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in millions)
Interest income:
Loans	$	892	$	933	$	1,768	$	1,832
Securities	506		462		966		907
Trading securities	87		89		178		174
Short-term investments	408		410		842		858
Other	15		23		34		39
Total interest income	1,908		1,917		3,788		3,810
Interest expense:
Deposits	916		1,037		1,850		2,049
Short-term borrowings	139		156		265		310
Long-term debt	314		298		594		583
Other	16		14		30		30
Total interest expense	1,385		1,505		2,739		2,972
Net interest income	523		412		1,049		838
Provision for credit losses	42		47		160		49
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	481		365		889		789
Other revenues:
Credit card fees, net	17		13		31		28
Trust and investment management fees	41		34		82		70
Other fees and commissions	162		170		327		346
Trading revenue	191		233		384		509

Other securities gains, net	6		8		9		10
Servicing and other fees from HSBC affiliates	98		93		200		181
Gain (loss) on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	(1)		(10)		(4)		(30)

Other income (loss)	4		(4)		5		(38)
Total other revenues	518		537		1,034		1,076
Operating expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits	161		143		309		278
Support services from HSBC affiliates	456		419		860		818
Occupancy expense, net	12		23		24		41

Other expenses	67		99		163		232
Total operating expenses	696		684		1,356		1,369
Income before income tax	303		218		567		496
Income tax expense	55		49		118		102





Net income	$	248	$	169	$	449	$	394

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in millions)
Net income	$	248	$	169	$	449	$	394
Net change in unrealized gains (losses), net of tax:
Investment securities	20		(83)		209		(190)
Fair value option liabilities attributable to our own credit spread	(7)		(4)		(4)		(41)
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges	(37)		28		(116)		64

Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(24)		(59)		89		(167)
Comprehensive income	$	224	$	110	$	538	$	227

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Assets(1)
Cash and due from banks	$	792	$	621
Interest bearing deposits with banks	28,164		22,625
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	8,125		14,313
Trading assets (includes $3.9 billion and $3.6 billion pledged to creditors at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	20,905		21,231
Securities available-for-sale (includes amortized cost of $31.0 billion and $27.2 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, an allowance for credit losses of nil at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and $1.9 billion and $0.6 billion pledged to creditors at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	29,039		24,937
Securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of nil at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (fair value of $18.1 billion and $17.0 billion at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	18,547		17,798
Loans (includes $9 million and $11 million designated under fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	64,199		62,753
Less – allowance for credit losses	614		537
Loans, net	63,585		62,216
Loans held for sale (includes $419 million and $395 million designated under fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	544		406
Properties and equipment, net	66		73
Goodwill	458		458

Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses of nil at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (includes $117 million and $16 million designated under fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	6,142		6,053

Total assets	$	176,367	$	170,731
Liabilities(1)
Debt:
Domestic deposits:
Noninterest bearing	$	18,249	$	21,251
Interest bearing (includes $5.0 billion and $4.0 billion designated under fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	98,961		96,656


Foreign deposits - interest bearing	8,971		5,443

Total deposits	126,181		123,350
Short-term borrowings	8,005		7,352
Long-term debt (includes $8.2 billion and $7.9 billion designated under fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	24,162		20,717
Total debt	158,348		151,419
Trading liabilities	2,942		3,907

Interest, taxes and other liabilities (includes $117 million and $16 million designated under fair value option at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	3,067		2,916

Total liabilities	164,357		158,242
Equity
Preferred stock (no par value; 40,999,000 shares authorized; 265 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024)	265		265
Common equity:
Common stock ($5 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 714 shares issued and outstanding at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024)	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	12,718		12,727
Retained earnings	710		1,269
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,683)		(1,772)
Total common equity	11,745		12,224
Total equity	12,010		12,489
Total liabilities and equity	$	176,367	$	170,731


HSBC USA Inc.

(1)The following table summarizes assets and liabilities related to our consolidated variable interest entities ("VIEs") at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Assets and liabilities exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. See Note 15, "Variable Interest Entities," for additional information.


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Assets

Other assets	$	7	$	11
Total assets	$	7	$	11
Liabilities

Interest, taxes and other liabilities	$	15	$	4
Total liabilities	$	15	$	4

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


Three Months Ended June 30,	2025		2024
	(in millions)
Preferred stock



Balance at beginning and end of period	$	265	$	265
Common stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	—		—
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period	12,720		12,740


Employee benefit plans	(2)		(4)
Balance at end of period	12,718		12,736
Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period	1,470		785
Net income	248		169
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock	(8)		(8)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(1,000)		—
Balance at end of period	710		946
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at beginning of period	(1,659)		(2,034)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(24)		(59)
Balance at end of period	(1,683)		(2,093)
Total common equity	11,745		11,589
Total equity	$	12,010	$	11,854


Six Months Ended June 30,	2025		2024
	(in millions)
Preferred stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	$	265	$	265



Common stock
Balance at beginning and end of period	—		—
Additional paid-in capital
Balance at beginning of period	12,727		12,740



Employee benefit plans	(9)		(4)
Balance at end of period	12,718		12,736
Retained earnings
Balance at beginning of period	1,269		560





Net income	449		394
Cash dividends declared on preferred stock	(8)		(8)
Cash dividends declared on common stock	(1,000)		—
Balance at end of period	710		946
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Balance at beginning of period	(1,772)		(1,926)


Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	89		(167)
Balance at end of period	(1,683)		(2,093)
Total common equity	11,745		11,589
Total equity	$	12,010	$	11,854

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)


Six Months Ended June 30,	2025		2024
	(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	449	$	394


Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	(31)		(29)



Provision for credit losses	160		49


Net realized gains on securities available-for-sale	(9)		(10)

Net change in other assets and liabilities	(296)		115
Net change in loans held for sale:
Originations and purchases of loans held for sale	(410)		(145)
Sales and collections of loans held for sale	377		102
Net change in trading assets and liabilities	(689)		118
Lower of amortized cost or fair value adjustments on loans held for sale	—		(2)
Loss on instruments designated at fair value and related derivatives	4		30


Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(445)		622
Cash flows from investing activities
Net change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell	6,188		12,560
Securities available-for-sale:
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(8,325)		(5,592)
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	2,723		2,035
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities available-for-sale	2,303		1,820
Securities held-to-maturity:
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity	(1,534)		(606)

Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of securities held-to-maturity	814		576
Change in loans:
Originations, net of collections	(2,093)		(3,199)
Loans sold to third parties	518		1,490

Net cash provided by (used for) sales (acquisitions) of properties and equipment	1		(1)



Other, net	(72)		(66)


Net cash provided by investing activities	523		9,017

Cash flows from financing activities
Net change in deposits	2,752		(1,939)
Debt:
Net change in short-term borrowings	706		(2,216)
Issuance of long-term debt	8,183		3,466
Repayment of long-term debt	(4,992)		(4,412)




Other decreases in capital surplus	(9)		(4)
Dividends paid	(1,008)		(8)


Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	5,632		(5,113)
Net change in cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks	5,710		4,526
Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks at beginning of period	23,246		25,719
Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits with banks at end of period	$	28,956	$	30,245

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.


HSBC USA Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


Note		Page	Note		Page
1	Organization and Presentation	9	11	Fee Income from Contracts with Customers	43

2	Trading Assets and Liabilities	10	12	Related Party Transactions	44
3	Securities	11	13	Business Segments	46
4	Loans	15	14	Retained Earnings and Regulatory Capital Requirements	50
5	Allowance for Credit Losses	28	15	Variable Interest Entities	51
6	Loans Held for Sale	31	16	Guarantee Arrangements, Pledged Assets and Repurchase Agreements	53
7	Goodwill	32	17	Fair Value Measurements	58
8	Derivative Financial Instruments	32	18	Litigation and Regulatory Matters	74
9	Fair Value Option	38	19	New Accounting Pronouncements	75





10	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	41

1. Organization and Presentation

HSBC USA Inc. ("HSBC USA"), incorporated under the laws of Maryland, is a New York State based bank holding company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. ("HSBC North America"), which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Holdings plc ("HSBC" and, together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Group"). The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of HSBC USA and its subsidiaries (collectively "HUSI") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X, as well as in accordance with predominant practices within the banking industry. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. HSBC USA's principal U.S. banking subsidiary is HSBC Bank USA, National Association (together with its subsidiaries, "HSBC Bank USA"). In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been made. HUSI may also be referred to in these notes to the consolidated financial statements as "we," "us" or "our." These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 Form 10-K").

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Interim results should not be considered indicative of results in future periods.


HSBC USA Inc.

2. Trading Assets and Liabilities

Trading assets and liabilities consisted of the following:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Trading assets:
U.S. Treasury	$	3,945	$	3,676
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	1		1
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	1,218		1,166


Foreign bonds	936		783
Equity securities	12,402		13,844
Precious metals	473		163
Derivatives, net	1,930		1,598
Total trading assets	$	20,905	$	21,231
Trading liabilities:
Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	1,462	$	1,489
Payables for precious metals	—		70
Derivatives, net	1,480		2,348
Total trading liabilities	$	2,942	$	3,907

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of derivatives included in trading assets is net of $1,463 million and $2,813 million, respectively, relating to amounts recognized for the obligation to return cash collateral received under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of derivatives included in trading liabilities is net of $2,057 million and $1,291 million, respectively, relating to amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral paid under master netting agreements with derivative counterparties.

See Note 8, "Derivative Financial Instruments," for further information on our trading derivatives and related collateral.

Dividend income on equity securities held for trading, which is recorded in interest income in the consolidated statement of income, totaled $34 million and $76 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared with $45 million and $87 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Trading security positions are primarily held as economic hedges of derivative products issued to our clients.


HSBC USA Inc.

3. Securities

Our securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity portfolios consisted of the following:


June 30, 2025	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	13,287	$	—	$	25	$	(216)	$	13,096
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	3,140		—		—		(634)		2,506
Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,276		—		—		(273)		1,003
Direct agency obligations	553		—		1		(6)		548
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	5,047		—		—		(437)		4,610
Collateralized mortgage obligations	3,386		—		—		(460)		2,926
Direct agency obligations	140		—		3		—		143

Asset-backed securities collateralized by:


Home equity mortgages	10		—		—		(1)		9

Corporate loans	129		—		—		—		129
Other	92		—		—		(9)		83

Foreign debt securities(1)	3,986		—		1		(1)		3,986
Total available-for-sale securities	$	31,046	$	—	$	30	$	(2,037)	$	29,039
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury	$	2,826	$	—	$	1	$	(17)	$	2,810
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	893		—		—		(53)		840
Collateralized mortgage obligations	221		—		3		(9)		215
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	13,204		—		45		(280)		12,969
Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,401		—		—		(118)		1,283
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	2		—		—		—		2


Total held-to-maturity securities	$	18,547	$	—	$	49	$	(477)	$	18,119


HSBC USA Inc.


December 31, 2024	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	10,250	$	—	$	7	$	(205)	$	10,052
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	3,242		—		—		(691)		2,551
Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,324		—		—		(309)		1,015
Direct agency obligations	730		—		1		(8)		723
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	5,286		—		—		(543)		4,743
Collateralized mortgage obligations	2,602		—		—		(528)		2,074
Direct agency obligations	156		—		5		—		161

Asset-backed securities collateralized by:


Home equity mortgages	11		—		—		(1)		10

Other	98		—		—		(11)		87

Foreign debt securities(1)	3,522		—		1		(2)		3,521
Total available-for-sale securities	$	27,221	$	—	$	14	$	(2,298)	$	24,937
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury	$	2,807	$	—	$	—	$	(86)	$	2,721
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises:
Mortgage-backed securities	920		—		—		(77)		843
Collateralized mortgage obligations	245		—		2		(13)		234
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed:
Mortgage-backed securities	12,313		—		6		(449)		11,870
Collateralized mortgage obligations	1,511		—		—		(152)		1,359
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	2		—		—		—		2


Total held-to-maturity securities	$	17,798	$	—	$	8	$	(777)	$	17,029

(1)Foreign debt securities represent public sector entity, bank or corporate debt.

Securities Available-for-Sale The following provides additional information about our portfolio of securities available-for-sale:

Allowance for credit losses On a quarterly basis, we perform an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a debt security available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position has suffered impairment due to credit factors. A debt security available-for-sale is considered impaired if its fair value is less than its amortized cost basis at the reporting date. If impaired, we assess whether the impairment is due to credit factors.

If we intend to sell the debt security or if it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the impairment is recognized and the unrealized loss is recorded as a direct write-down of the security's amortized cost basis with an offsetting charge to earnings. If we do not intend to sell the debt security or believe we will not be required to sell the debt security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, the impairment is assessed to determine if a credit loss component exists. We use a discounted cash flow method to determine the credit loss component. In the event a credit loss exists, an allowance for credit losses is recorded in earnings for the credit loss component of the impairment while the remaining portion of the impairment attributable to factors other than credit loss is recognized, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (loss). The amount of impairment recognized due to credit factors is limited to the excess of the amortized cost basis over the fair value of the security available-for-sale.

In determining whether a credit loss component exists, we consider a series of factors which include:

•The extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis;

•The credit protection features embedded within the instrument, which include but are not limited to credit subordination positions, payment structure, overcollateralization, protective triggers and financial guarantees provided by third parties;


HSBC USA Inc.

•Changes in the near term prospects of the issuer or the underlying collateral of a security such as changes in default rates, loss severities given default and significant changes in prepayment assumptions;

•The level of excess cash flows generated from the underlying collateral supporting the principal and interest payments of the debt securities; and

•Any adverse change to the credit conditions of the issuer, the monoline insurer or the security such as credit downgrades by external rating agencies or changes to internal ratings.

At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on securities available-for-sale was nil.

Securities in an unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit losses has been recognized The following table summarizes gross unrealized losses and related fair values for securities available-for-sale by major security type at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 classified as to the length of time the losses have existed:


	One Year or Less					Greater Than One Year
	Number of Securities	Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value of Investment		Number of Securities	Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value of Investment
	(dollars are in millions)
At June 30, 2025
U.S. Treasury	8	$	(5)	$	2,741	49	$	(211)	$	6,946
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	1	—		—		134	(913)		3,693
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	6	(18)		943		136	(879)		6,121

Asset-backed securities	2	—		129		6	(10)		92

Foreign debt securities	20	(1)		2,261		2	—		148
Securities available-for-sale	37	$	(24)	$	6,074	327	$	(2,013)	$	17,000
At December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury	14	$	(15)	$	3,402	38	$	(190)	$	4,055
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	—	—		—		137	(1,008)		3,871
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	4	(28)		526		137	(1,043)		6,311

Asset-backed securities	—	—		—		6	(12)		97

Foreign debt securities	22	(2)		2,534		1	—		50
Securities available-for-sale	40	$	(45)	$	6,462	319	$	(2,253)	$	14,384

Gross unrealized losses decreased as compared with December 31, 2024 due primarily to decreasing yields on U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed and U.S. Government sponsored mortgage-backed securities.

Although the fair value of a particular security may be below its amortized cost, it does not necessarily result in a credit loss and hence an allowance for credit losses. The decline in fair value may be caused by, among other things, higher market rates or the illiquidity of the market. We have reviewed the securities in an unrealized loss position for which no allowance for credit losses has been recognized in accordance with our accounting policies, discussed further above. At June 30, 2025, we do not consider any of these securities to be impaired due to credit factors as we expect to recover their amortized cost basis and we neither intend nor expect to be required to sell these securities prior to recovery, even if that equates to holding them until their individual maturities. However, impairments due to credit factors may occur in future periods if the credit quality of the securities deteriorates.

Securities Held-to-Maturity The following provides additional information about our portfolio of securities held-to-maturity:

Allowance for credit losses We exclude from our calculation of lifetime expected credit losses ("lifetime ECL") securities for which we expect that non-payment of the amortized cost basis will be zero ("Zero Expected Credit Loss Exception"). Due to the composition of our portfolio of securities held-to-maturity, substantially all of our portfolio qualifies for the Zero Expected Credit Loss Exception and has been excluded from our lifetime ECL calculation. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on securities held-to-maturity was nil.

At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, none of our securities held-to-maturity were past due or in nonaccrual status.

Credit risk profile Securities are assigned a credit rating based on the estimated probability of default. The credit ratings are used as a credit quality indicator to monitor our securities held-to-maturity portfolio. We utilize Standard and Poor's ("S&P") as the primary source of our credit ratings. If S&P ratings are not available, ratings by Moody's and Fitch are used in that order. Investment grade includes securities with credit ratings of at least BBB- or above. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of our securities held-to-maturity were investment grade.


HSBC USA Inc.

Other securities gains, net The following table summarizes realized gains and losses on investment securities transactions attributable to available-for-sale securities:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in millions)
Gross realized gains	$	7	$	12	$	10	$	14
Gross realized losses	(1)		(4)		(1)		(4)
Net realized gains	$	6	$	8	$	9	$	10

Contractual Maturities and Yields The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity at June 30, 2025 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties in certain cases. The table below also reflects the distribution of maturities of debt securities held at June 30, 2025, together with the approximate yield of the portfolio. The yields shown are calculated by dividing annualized interest income, including the accretion of discounts and the amortization of premiums, by the amortized cost of securities outstanding at June 30, 2025.


	Within One Year				After One But Within Five Years				After Five But Within Ten Years				After Ten Years
	Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield		Amount		Yield
	(dollars are in millions)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	868	1.24	%	$	7,404	3.68	%	$	2,622	4.15	%	$	2,393	2.96	%
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	48		1.65		506		1.82		1		3.79		4,414		1.91
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	—		—		—		—		2		3.93		8,571		3.23

Asset-backed securities	—		—		45		4.41		47		3.88		139		5.45

Foreign debt securities	2,006		1.38		1,614		4.27		366		4.24		—		—
Total amortized cost	$	2,922	1.34	%	$	9,569	3.68	%	$	3,038	4.16	%	$	15,517	2.83	%
Total fair value	$	2,917			$	9,542			$	3,030			$	13,550
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury	$	—	—	%	$	2,460	3.65	%	$	366	3.73	%	$	—	—	%
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	—		—		209		2.82		577		3.71		328		2.89
U.S. Government agency issued or guaranteed	—		—		—		—		10		5.65		14,595		4.69
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	—		—		2		3.80		—		—		—		—


Total amortized cost	$	—	—	%	$	2,671	3.59	%	$	953	3.74	%	$	14,923	4.65	%
Total fair value	$	—			$	2,656			$	918			$	14,545


HSBC USA Inc.

Equity Securities Equity securities that are not classified as trading and are included in other assets consisted of the following:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Equity securities carried at fair value	$	250	$	250
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	16		15

On a quarterly basis, we perform an assessment to determine whether any equity securities without readily determinable fair values are impaired. In the event an equity security is deemed impaired, the security is written down to fair value with impairment recorded in earnings. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we determined that certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values were impaired and, as a result, we recorded an impairment loss of $4 million in both periods as a component of other income (loss) in the consolidated statement of income.

Also included in other assets were investments in Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock of $95 million and $438 million, respectively, at both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Our investment in Federal Reserve Bank stock represents approximately half of the total subscription price for our subscribed shares. The remaining half is unpaid and remains subject to call by the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB").

4. Loans

In connection with changes to our business segments as discussed further in Note 13, "Business Segments," during the first quarter of 2025, we changed our presentation for what was previously reported as global banking to include such activity within business and corporate banking. As a result, we have reclassified prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation. All tables below have been recasted to reflect this reclassification, as applicable.

Loans consisted of the following:


	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	6,346	$	6,612
Business and corporate banking	26,750		25,426
Other commercial:
Affiliates(1)	5,494		5,449
Other	3,114		3,564
Total other commercial	8,608		9,013
Total commercial	41,704		41,051
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	21,846		21,035
Home equity mortgages	399		393
Credit cards	177		195
Other consumer(2)	73		79
Total consumer	22,495		21,702
Total loans	$	64,199	$	62,753

(1)See Note 12, "Related Party Transactions," for additional information regarding loans to HSBC affiliates.

(2)Includes certain student loans that we have elected to designate under the fair value option and are therefore carried at fair value, which totaled $9 million and $11 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. See Note 9, "Fair Value Option," for further details.

Net deferred origination costs totaled $24 million and $32 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had a net unamortized discount on our loans of $9 million and $10 million, respectively.


HSBC USA Inc.

Aging Analysis of Past Due Loans The following table summarizes the past due status of our loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The aging of past due amounts is determined based on the contractual delinquency status of payments under the loan. An account is generally considered to be contractually delinquent when payments have not been made in accordance with the loan terms. Delinquency status is affected by customer account management policies and practices such as re-age, which results in the re-setting of the contractual delinquency status to current.


	Past Due				Total Past Due 30 Days or More
	30 - 89 Days		90+ Days				Current(1)		Total Loans
	(in millions)
At June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	18	$	18	$	6,328	$	6,346
Business and corporate banking	74		71		145		26,605		26,750
Other commercial	88		—		88		8,520		8,608
Total commercial	162		89		251		41,453		41,704
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	197		111		308		21,538		21,846
Home equity mortgages	3		5		8		391		399
Credit cards	2		2		4		173		177
Other consumer	2		1		3		70		73
Total consumer	204		119		323		22,172		22,495
Total loans	$	366	$	208	$	574	$	63,625	$	64,199
At December 31, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	4	$	19	$	23	$	6,589	$	6,612
Business and corporate banking	63		182		245		25,181		25,426
Other commercial	31		—		31		8,982		9,013
Total commercial	98		201		299		40,752		41,051
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	174		105		279		20,756		21,035
Home equity mortgages	2		4		6		387		393
Credit cards	2		2		4		191		195
Other consumer	2		1		3		76		79
Total consumer	180		112		292		21,410		21,702
Total loans	$	278	$	313	$	591	$	62,162	$	62,753

(1)Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.


HSBC USA Inc.

Nonperforming Loans Nonperforming loans, including nonaccrual loans and accruing loans contractually 90 days or more past due, consisted of the following:


	Nonaccrual Loans		Accruing Loans Contractually Past Due 90 Days or More		Nonaccrual Loans With No Allowance For Credit Losses
	(in millions)
At June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	351	$	—	$	1
Business and corporate banking	385		45		30

Total commercial	736		45		31
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)	202		—		76
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	10		—		6
Credit cards	—		2		—
Other consumer	—		1		—
Total consumer	212		3		82
Total nonperforming loans	$	948	$	48	$	113
At December 31, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	261	$	—	$	21
Business and corporate banking	280		147		33

Total commercial	541		147		54
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(1)(2)(3)	173		—		80
Home equity mortgages(1)(2)	6		—		5
Credit cards	—		3		—
Other consumer	—		1		—
Total consumer	179		4		85
Total nonperforming loans	$	720	$	151	$	139

(1)At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, nonaccrual consumer mortgage loans include $103 million and $106 million, respectively, of loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

(2)Nonaccrual consumer mortgage loans include all loans which are 90 or more days contractually delinquent as well as loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not re-affirmed and second lien loans where the first lien loan that we own or service is 90 or more days contractually delinquent.

(3)Nonaccrual consumer mortgage loans for all periods does not include guaranteed loans purchased from the Government National Mortgage Association. Repayment of these loans is predominantly insured by the Federal Housing Administration and as such, these loans have different risk characteristics from the rest of our consumer loan portfolio.

Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans and included in interest income totaled $1 million and $3 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared with $8 million during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.


HSBC USA Inc.

Collateral-Dependent Loans Loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a significant financial effect in mitigating our exposure to credit risk.

Collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less costs to sell, with any excess in the carrying amount of the loan generally charged off at the time foreclosure is initiated or when settlement is reached with the borrower, but not to exceed the end of the month in which the account becomes six months contractually delinquent. Collateral values are based on broker price opinions or appraisals which are updated at least every 180 days less estimated costs to sell. During the quarterly period between updates, real estate price trends are reviewed on a geographic basis and incorporated as necessary. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans totaling $268 million and $282 million, respectively.

For collateral-dependent commercial loans, the allowance for expected credit losses is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral. Various types of collateral are used, including real estate, inventory, equipment, accounts receivable, securities and cash, among others. For commercial real estate loans, collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are updated based on management judgment under the specific circumstances on a case-by-case basis. In situations where an appraisal is not used, borrower-specific factors such as operating results, cash flows and debt service ratios are reviewed along with relevant market data of comparable properties in order to create a 10-year cash flow model to be discounted at appropriate rates to present value. The collateral value for securities is based on their quoted market prices or broker quotes. The collateral value for other financial assets is generally based on appraisals or is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Commercial loan balances are charged off at the time all or a portion of the balance is deemed uncollectible. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had collateral-dependent commercial loans totaling $746 million and $524 million, respectively.

Loan Modifications In conjunction with our loss mitigation activities, we modify certain loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Modifications may include changes to one or more terms of the loan, including, but not limited to, a change in interest rate, extension of the term, reduction in payment amount and partial forgiveness or deferment of principal, accrued interest or other loan covenants.

The following disclosures provide information about loan payment modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of an interest rate reduction, principal forgiveness, a term extension or significant payment deferral, or a combination thereof. Not included are loans with short-term payment modifications (e.g., deferrals of three months or less) and other insignificant modifications, such as covenant waivers and amendments, and deferrals of financial statement and covenant compliance reporting requirements. Commercial loan payment modifications typically involve term extensions. In certain cases, the term extension is coupled with an interest rate increase which is intended to reduce the financial effect of extending the life of the loan. The effects of these interest rate increases are not included in the following disclosures. For consumer loans, payment modifications typically involve payment deferrals or interest rate reductions which lower the amount of interest income we are contractually entitled to receive in future periods. Through lowering the interest rate, we believe we are able to increase the amount of cash flow that will ultimately be collected from the loan, given the borrower's financial condition.

The following table presents information about loan payment modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by type of modification, including the period-end carrying value and as a percentage of total loans.


	Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiveness		Term Extension / Significant Payment Deferral		Combination(1)		Total		% of Total Loans
	(dollars are in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	$	23	$	—	$	103	$	3	$	129	.5	%

Total commercial	23		—		103		3		129		.3
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)	—		—		36		2		38		.2



Total consumer	—		—		36		2		38		.2
Total	$	23	$	—	$	139	$	5	$	167	.3


HSBC USA Inc.


	Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiveness		Term Extension / Significant Payment Deferral		Combination(1)		Total		% of Total Loans
	(dollars are in millions)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	161	$	161	2.4	%
Business and corporate banking	—		—		54		7		61		.2

Total commercial	—		—		54		168		222		.5
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)	—		—		—		1		1		.0



Total consumer	—		—		—		1		1		.0
Total	$	—	$	—	$	54	$	169	$	223	.4

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	$	23	$	—	$	113	$	3	$	139	.5	%

Total commercial	23		—		113		3		139		.3
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)	—		—		36		2		38		.2



Total consumer	—		—		36		2		38		.2
Total	$	23	$	—	$	149	$	5	$	177	.3

Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	161	$	161	2.4	%
Business and corporate banking	—		—		113		7		120		.4

Total commercial	—		—		113		168		281		.7
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages(2)	—		—		—		1		1		.0



Total consumer	—		—		—		1		1		.0
Total	$	—	$	—	$	113	$	169	$	282	.5

(1)Represents loans with more than one type of payment modification during the period.

(2)During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the carrying value of consumer mortgage loans with a payment modification primarily includes loans where the borrowers were provided with payment deferrals as a result of the recent California wildfires. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the carrying value of consumer mortgage loans with a payment modification includes loans that were recorded at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, additional commitments to lend to commercial borrowers who were provided with a loan payment modification during the respective year-to-date periods totaled $77 million and $25 million, respectively.


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table summarizes the financial effect of loan payment modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by type of modification:


	Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiven (in millions)		Weighted-Average Term Extension / Payment Deferral (in years)
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	.2	%	$	—	1.0

Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	1.0		—		0.7




Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	5.6	%	$	—	4.0
Business and corporate banking	.3		—		1.7

Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	.5		—		0.6




Six Months Ended June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	.2	%	$	—	1.0

Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	1.0		—		0.7




Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	5.6	%	$	—	4.0
Business and corporate banking	.3		—		1.7

Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	.5		—		0.6

The effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the methodology used to estimate lifetime ECL, which considers historical loss information including losses from modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As a result, a material change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. In instances when a loan is modified in the form of principal forgiveness, the amount of principal forgiven is deemed uncollectible and that portion of the loan balance is charged off with a corresponding reduction to the allowance for credit losses.

We closely monitor the performance of modified loans to understand the effectiveness of our loss mitigation efforts. Upon determination that a modified loan or a portion of a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan or a portion of the loan is charged off in accordance with our accounting policies with a corresponding reduction to the allowance for credit losses.


HSBC USA Inc.

The following table presents loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with a payment modification during the previous 12 months which subsequently became 90 days or greater contractually delinquent during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by type of modification:


	Interest Rate Reduction		Principal Forgiveness		Term Extension / Significant Payment Deferral		Combination(1)		Total
	(in millions)




























Six Months Ended June 30, 2025





Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1



Total consumer	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1


Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Commercial loans:

Business and corporate banking	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1

Total commercial	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	—	$	1

(1)Represents loans with more than one type of payment modification during the period.

The following table presents the past due status of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with a payment modification during the previous 12 months at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	Past Due
	30 - 89 Days		90+ Days		Current(1)			Total
	(in millions)
At June 30, 2025
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	—		$	235		$	235
Business and corporate banking	—		27			263			290

Total commercial	—		27			498			525
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	3		—			39			42



Total consumer	3		—			39			42
Total	$	3	$	27		$	537		$	567
At December 31, 2024
Commercial loans:
Real estate, including construction	$	—	$	—		$	232		$	232
Business and corporate banking	—		29			177			206

Total commercial	—		29			409			438
Consumer loans:
Residential mortgages	1		—			4			5



Total consumer	1		—			4			5
Total	$	1	$	29		$	413		$	443

(1)Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.


HSBC USA Inc.

Commercial Loan Credit Quality Indicators and Gross Charge-offs by Year of Origination

The following credit quality indicators are utilized to monitor our commercial loan portfolio:

Criticized loans Criticized loan classifications presented in the table below are determined by the assignment of various criticized facility risk ratings based on the risk rating standards of our regulator. The following facility risk ratings are deemed to be criticized:

Special Mention - generally includes loans that are protected by collateral and/or the credit worthiness of the customer, but are potentially weak based upon economic or market circumstances which, if not checked or corrected, could weaken our credit position at some future date.

Substandard - includes loans that are inadequately protected by the underlying collateral and/or general credit worthiness of the customer. These loans present a distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - includes loans that have all the weaknesses exhibited by substandard loans, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full of the recorded loan highly improbable. However, although the possibility of loss is extremely high, certain factors exist which may strengthen the credit at some future date, and therefore the decision to charge-off the loan is deferred. Loans graded as doubtful are required to be placed in nonaccrual status.

The following table summarizes our criticized commercial loans, including a disaggregation of the loans by year of origination as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans		Total at Jun. 30, 2025
	(in millions)
Real estate, including construction:
Special mention	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	42	$	—	$	113	$	—	$	2	$	157
Substandard	1		—		—		54		—		308		3		—		366
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		31		300		18		—		349
Total real estate, including construction	1		—		—		96		31		721		21		2		872
Business and corporate banking:
Special mention	135		144		120		128		45		232		179		10		993
Substandard	112		301		79		44		27		238		319		13		1,133
Doubtful	—		1		37		27		—		202		58		—		325
Total business and corporate banking	247		446		236		199		72		672		556		23		2,451
Other commercial:
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3


Total other commercial	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total commercial	$	248	$	446	$	236	$	295	$	103	$	1,396	$	577	$	25	$	3,326
Total commercial:
Special mention	$	135	$	144	$	120	$	170	$	45	$	348	$	179	$	12	$	1,153
Substandard	113		301		79		98		27		546		322		13		1,499
Doubtful

HSBC USA INC /MD/ 10-Q