Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2025

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Consolidation Policy

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and transactions of SigmaTron International, Inc. (“SigmaTron”), its subsidiaries, Standard Components de Mexico, S.A., AbleMex S.A. de C.V., Digital Appliance Controls de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Spitfire Controls (Vietnam) Co. Ltd., and Spitfire Controls (Cayman) Co. Ltd., SigmaTron International Trading Co., wholly-owned foreign enterprises Wujiang SigmaTron Electronics Co. Ltd., and Wujiang SigmaTron Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. (collectively, “SigmaTron China”), and its international procurement office, SigmaTron International Inc. Taiwan Branch. The functional currency of the Mexican, Vietnamese and Chinese subsidiaries and procurement branch is the U.S. Dollar. Intercompany transactions are eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. The impact of currency fluctuations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, resulted in net foreign currency transaction losses of $981,838 compared to net foreign currency losses of

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

$796,315 in the prior year which are reflected as cost of products sold on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made in preparing the consolidated financial statements include depreciation and amortization periods, the allowance for credit losses, excess and obsolete reserves for inventory, deferred income, deferred taxes, valuation allowance for deferred taxes and valuation of long-lived assets. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities within three months of the purchase date.

Accounts Receivable

The majority of the Company’s accounts receivable are due from companies in the industrial electronics, consumer electronics and medical/life sciences industries. Credit is extended based on evaluation of a customer’s financial condition, and, generally, collateral is not required. Accounts receivable are due in accordance with agreed upon terms, and are stated at amounts due from customers net of an allowance for expected credit losses. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payments terms are considered past due. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are determined to be uncollectible.

Financing Receivables

The Company has arrangements with various financial institutions to sell certain eligible accounts receivable balances from specific customers without recourse. The accounts receivable balances sold are at the election of the Company. The Company incurred fees for such sales, which are reflected as selling and administrative expenses on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and were not material for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2025 and 2024. The accounts receivable balances are derecognized at the time of sale, as the Company does not have continuing involvement after the point of sale. During the years ended April 30, 2025 and April 30, 2024, the Company sold without recourse trade receivables of approximately $76,000,000 and $61,000,000, respectively. Cash proceeds from these agreements are reflected as operating activities included in the change in accounts receivable in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

The Company’s allowance for expected credit losses relates to receivables not expected to be collected from its customers. Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant available information about expected credit losses and an age-based reserve model. This allowance is based on management’s assessment of specific customer balances, considering the age of receivables and financial stability of the customer and a five-year average of prior uncollectible amounts. Inputs to the model include information about historical credit losses, past events and current conditions. If there is an adverse change in the financial condition of the Company’s customers, or if actual defaults are higher than provided for, an addition to the allowance may be necessary.

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Inventories

Inventories are valued at cost. Cost is determined by an average cost method and the Company allocates labor and overhead to work-in-process and finished goods. In the event of an inventory write-down, the Company records expense to state the inventory at lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company establishes inventory reserves for shrinkage and excess and obsolete inventory. The Company records provisions for inventory shrinkage based on historical experience to account for unmeasured usage or loss. Of the Company’s raw materials inventory, a substantial portion has been purchased to fulfill committed future orders or for which the Company is contractually entitled to recover its costs from its customers. For the remaining raw materials inventory, which the Company defines as Value Over Stock Raw Materials, a provision for excess and obsolete inventories is recorded for the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated realizable value based on assumptions about future product demand and market conditions. Upon a subsequent sale or disposal of the impaired inventory, the corresponding reserve is relieved to ensure the cost basis of the inventory reflects any reductions. Actual results differing from these estimates could significantly affect the Company’s inventories and cost of products sold as the inventory is sold or otherwise relieved.

Property, Machinery and Equipment

Property, machinery and equipment are valued at cost. The Company provides for depreciation and amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets:


Buildings	20 years
Machinery and equipment	5-12 years
Office equipment and software	3-5 years
Leasehold improvements	lesser of lease term or useful life

Expenses for repairs and maintenance are charged to selling and administrative expenses as incurred.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs consist of costs incurred to obtain the Company’s long-term debt and are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the related debt. Deferred financing fees of $3,646,627 and $1,528,156 net of accumulated amortization of $5,352,174 and $876,524, respectively, as of April 30, 2025 and April 30, 2024, respectively, are deducted from long term debt on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in both the U.S. and several foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates by management are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense assessment.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, the Company begins with historical results and changes in accounting policies, and incorporates assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Income Taxes - Continued

pre-tax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment and estimates by management about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company uses to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, the Company considers three years of cumulative operating income and/or loss. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to an amount more likely than not to be realized. Given the Company’s recent operating losses, the Company determined that it may not reasonably rely on future forecasted income to benefit its deferred tax assets. For this reason the Company has established a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets as of October 31, 2024, which remains effective as of April 30, 2025.

A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may only be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits.

The calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across its global operations. Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. Except as noted below, management is not aware of any such changes that would have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

The Company adjusts its tax liabilities when its judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from its current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which they are determined.

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income (loss) (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) for the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive common stock equivalents such as stock options and restricted stock, had been exercised or vested. There were 626,458 and 325,577 anti-dilutive common stock equivalents at April 30, 2025 and April 30, 2024, respectively, which have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.


	Fiscal Years Ended
	April 30,
	2025		2024

Net loss	$	(10,254,908)	$	(2,486,157)

Weighted-average shares
Basic		6,278,461		6,094,914
Effect of dilutive stock options		-		-

Diluted		6,278,461		6,094,914

Basic loss per share	$	(1.63)	$	(0.41)

Diluted loss per share	$	(1.63)	$	(0.41)

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when title to the goods or services are transferred to its customers, for an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company’s primary performance obligation to its customers is the production of finished goods electronic assembly products pursuant to purchase orders. The Company has concluded that title to the products it sells and transfers to its customers and an enforceable right to receive payment is customarily established at the point in time when the finished goods are invoiced to its customers, or in some cases delivered pursuant to the specified shipping terms of each customer arrangement. With respect to consignment arrangements, control transfers and revenue is recognized at the point in time when the goods are shipped to the customer from the consignment location or when delivered to the customer (pursuant to agreed upon shipping terms) and invoiced. In those limited instances where finished goods delivered to the customer location are stored in a segregated area which are not controlled by the customer (title transfer) until they are pulled from the segregated area and consumed by the Company’s customer, revenue is recognized upon consumption. For tooling services, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time when the customer takes legal possession of dies or molds, which accounted for less than 1% of the Company’s revenue. From time to time, the Company performs engineering, design, and testing services. The Company’s performance obligations for these services are satisfied over time as the respective services are rendered as its customers simultaneously derive value from the Company’s performance. None of these services were performed during fiscal 2025 and 2024. From the time that a customer purchase order is received and contract is established, the Company’s performance obligations are typically fulfilled within a few weeks after receipt of all material. The Company does not have any performance obligations that require more than 12 months to fulfill.

Each customer purchase order sets forth the transaction price for the products and services purchased under that arrangement. The Company evaluates the credit worthiness of its customers and exercises judgment to recognize revenue based upon the amount the Company expects to be paid for each sales transaction it enters into with its customers. Some customer arrangements include variable consideration, such as volume rebates, some of which depend upon the Company’s customers meeting specified performance criteria, such as a purchasing level over a period of time. The Company exercises judgment to estimate the most likely amount of variable consideration at each reporting date.

Periodically, certain customers may request bill and hold transactions according to the terms in the contract. In these cases, customers request that we retain physical possession of the product until customer pickup or delivery at a later date. Under these arrangements, control is transferred to the customer when the product is ready for transfer to the customer which is typically upon shipment to third-party warehouses, the customer has taken legal title, and the Company has a present right to payment. Under the bill and hold arrangements, we recognize sales only when all of the following criteria are met: 1) the customer’s reason for the bill-and-hold arrangement is substantive, 2) the product is separately identified as belonging to the customer, 3) the product is ready for transfer to the customer and 4) we do not have the ability to use the product or direct it to another customer.

The Company’s typical payment terms are 30 days and its sales arrangements do not contain any significant financing component for its customers. The Company’s customer arrangements do not generate contract assets that are material to the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Revenue Recognition - Continued

Contract liabilities consist of payments received in advance of the transfer of control to the customer. As products are delivered and control transfers, the Company recognizes the deferred revenue in net sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table summarizes the deferred revenue associated with payments received in advance of the transfer of control to the customer reported as deferred revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amounts recognized through net sales for each period presented.


	Fiscal Years Ended
	April 30,
		2025		2024
Contract Liability (deferred revenue) beginning of period	$	3,111,062	$	8,063,197
Deferred revenue recognized in period		(8,544,799)		(18,504,142)
Revenue deferred in period		11,169,636		13,552,007
Deferred revenue end of period	$	5,735,899	$	3,111,062

The Company generally provides a warranty for workmanship, unless the assembly was designed by the Company, in which case it warrants assembly/design. The Company assembles and tests assemblies based on customers’

specifications prior to shipment. Historically, the amount of returns for workmanship issues has been de minimis under the Company’s standard or extended warranties. The Company does not provide its customers the option to purchase additional warranties and, therefore, the Company’s warranties are not considered a separate service or performance obligation.

The Company utilizes the practical expedient to treat shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control as fulfillment activities. The Company records shipping and handling costs as selling and administrative expenses and costs are accrued when revenue is recognized.

The Company pays sales commissions to its sales representatives which may be considered as incremental costs to obtain a contract. However, since the recoverability period is less than one year, the Company utilizes the practical expedient provided by the revenue recognition accounting standard that allows an entity to expense the costs of obtaining a contract as incurred.

During fiscal year 2025, no revenues were recognized from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods and no amounts were allocated to performance obligations that remain unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at April 30, 2025. The Company is electing not to disclose the value of the remaining unsatisfied performance obligation with a duration of one year or less as permitted by the practical expedient in ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The Company had no material remaining unsatisfied performance obligations as of April 30, 2025, with an expected duration of greater than one year.

The following table presents the Company’s revenue disaggregated by the principal end-user markets it serves:


		Year Ended April 30,		Year Ended April 30,
Net sales by end-market		2025		2024
Industrial Electronics	$	201,716,640	$	261,411,363
Consumer Electronics		85,847,087		86,853,315
Medical / Life Sciences		17,152,392		25,619,143
Total Net Sales	$	304,716,119	$	373,883,821

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Shipping and Handling Costs

The Company records shipping and handling costs for goods shipped to customers as selling and administrative expenses. Customers are typically invoiced for shipping costs and such amounts are included in net sales. Shipping and handling costs were not material to the financial statements for fiscal years 2025 or 2024.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value measurements are determined based upon the exit price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants exclusive of any transaction costs. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2: Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses which approximate fair value at April 30, 2025 and April 30, 2024, due to their short-term nature and are considered Level 1. The carrying amounts of the Company’s debt obligations approximate fair value based on future payments discounted at current interest rates for similar obligations or interest rates which fluctuate with the market and are considered Level 2.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are comprised of finite life intangible assets including customer relationships, trade names and patents. Finite life intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 20 years for trade names, 18 years for patents, and customer relationships which are amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful life of 15 years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including amortizable intangible assets, for impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360: Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, machinery and equipment and finite life intangible assets are reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate possible impairment. If events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate possible impairment, the Company first performs an impairment review based on an undiscounted cash flow analysis at the lowest level at which cash flows of the long-lived assets are largely independent of other groups of its assets and liabilities. This analysis requires management judgment with respect to changes in technology, the continued success of product lines, and future volume, revenue and expense growth rates. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment, if any, for the difference between the estimated fair value of the asset group and its carrying value. The Company further conducts annual reviews of its long-lived asset groups for possible impairment.

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Fair Value Measurements Warrants

Fair value measurements are market-based measurements, not entity-specific measurements. Therefore, fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company follows a three-level hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in valuation techniques to derive fair values. The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.

Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable in active markets.

During fiscal 2025, the Company valued its contingent warrants which are classified as liabilities under authoritative accounting standards. These common stock warrants are valued using a Monte Carlo model, with level 3 inputs such as expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and expected number of warrants ultimately utilized and term that are not observable in active markets.

The below table provides a summary of the fair value of the Company’s warrant liability as of April 30, 2025.


		April 30,
		2025
Beginning balance	$	-
Contingent warrants issuance		2,263,000
Issuance of warrants		(770,250)
Change in fair value of warrants		(544,945)
Ending balance	$	947,805

Stock Incentive Plans

Under the Company’s stock option plans, options to acquire shares of SigmaTron’s common stock have been made available for grant to certain employees. Each option granted has an exercise price of not less than 100% of the market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The contractual life of each option is generally 10 years. The vesting of the grants varies according to the individual options granted. The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an equity award based on the grant date fair value and records that cost over the respective vesting period of the award.

The Company has a restricted stock plan under which non-employee directors may acquire shares of SigmaTron’s common stock. The restricted stock plan has been approved by the Company’s stockholders. The restricted stock plan is interpreted and administered by the Compensation Committee of SigmaTron’s Board of Directors. All awarded stock under the plan vests in six months from the date of grant. Awarded stock under this plan is granted at the closing price of SigmaTron’s common stock on the date of grant.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts recorded in the prior-period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current-period financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations.

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

New Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13, as amended by ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05, that introduces a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The estimate of expected credit losses will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands the disclosure requirements to enable users of financial statements to understand the entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating expected credit losses. For smaller reporting companies, ASU 2016- 13 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, and the guidance is to be applied using the modified-retrospective approach. Earlier adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter ended July 31, 2023 and it had no material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The new standard is intended to improve annual and interim reportable segment disclosure requirements regardless of number of reporting units, primarily through enhanced disclosures of significant expenses. The amendment requires public entities to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit and loss. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years starting after December 15, 2024. This ASU must be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which focuses on income tax disclosures around effective tax rates and cash income taxes paid. This ASU requires public business entities to disclose, on an annual basis, a rate reconciliation presented in both dollars and percentages. ASU 2023-09 also identifies specific categories that would require disclosure, including the following:

State and local income tax, net of federal income tax effect

Foreign tax effects

Effect of cross-border tax laws

Enactment of new tax laws

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

Tax credits

Changes in valuation allowances

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

This ASU also requires entities to disclose the amount of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Consolidation Policy

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Accounts Receivable

Financing Receivables

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Inventories

Property, Machinery and Equipment

Income Taxes

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Income Taxes - Continued

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Earnings per Share

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Revenue Recognition

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

Revenue Recognition - Continued

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

NOTE B - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Continued

SIGMATRON INTERNATIONAL INC 10-K