Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2012

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (“RMB”); however the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars ($ or “USD”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. It is possible that accounting estimates and assumptions may be material to the Company due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment involved.

Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issues, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and legal counsel asses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought. There were no contingencies of the type as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but it is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingency liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material would be disclosed. There were no contingencies of this type as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

Loss contingencies considered to be remote by management are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantee would be disclosed.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and cash in time deposits, certificates of deposit and all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts Receivable

The Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses for accounts receivable. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. Reserves are recorded based on the Company’s historical collection history. Allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were $303,013 and $158,384, respectively.

Prepaid Expense and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expense and other current assets are primarily comprised of two factors: advance payments for operating expenses (Insurance and rental expenses) and advance payments to a R&D researcher for new fertilizer to be developed.

In February 2012, the Company signed a Research and Development Agreement with Feng Xiang. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement between the Company and Feng Xiang, Feng Xiang must successfully develop and obtain certificate of new fertilizer, otherwise, the Company is entitled to a full refund of fees. Therefore, the costs paid in connection with this service were not classified as research and development costs, but rather as prepaid expenses. Such advance payments will be expensed if we do not receive the desired results from that researcher.

Advances to Suppliers

The Company advances to certain vendors for purchase of its material. The advances to suppliers are interest free and unsecured.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (determined on a weighted average basis) or market. The Management compares the cost of inventories with the market value and allowance is made for writing down their inventories to market value, if lower.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method for substantially all assets with estimated lives of:

Operating equipment	10 years
Vehicles	8 years
Office equipment	5 years
Buildings	30 years

The following are the details of the property and equipment at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively:

	March 31,			December 31,
	2012			2011
Operating equipment	$	10,574,985		$	10,500,004
Vehicles		637,890			633,860
Office equipment		76,495			76,011
Buildings		15,530,756			15,432,646
		26,820,126			26,642,521
Less accumulated depreciation		(5,065,510	)		(4,638,737	)
Property and equipment, net	$	21,754,616		$	22,003,784

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $397,785 and $386,690, respectively.

Marketable Securities

The Company applies the guidance of ASC Topic 320 “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities,” which requires investments in equity securities to be classified as either trading securities or available-for-sale securities. Marketable securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Marketable equity securities not classified as trading are classified as available for sale, and are carried at fair market value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of comprehensive income and reported in shareholders’ equity.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. ASC 360 requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. Based on its review, the Company believes that as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, there was no impairment of its long-lived assets.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of Rights to use land and Fertilizers proprietary technology rights. The Company follows ASC Topic 350 in accounting for intangible assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. There were no impairment losses recorded on intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other receivables, notes receivable, advances to suppliers and accounts payable, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. In addition, the Company has a note payable with financial institutions. The carrying amount of note payable approximates its fair values based on current rates of interest for instruments with similar characteristics.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

·	Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

·	Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

·	Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table represents our assets and liabilities by level measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

March 31, 2012	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Description
Assets
Marketable securities	$	3,603,183	$	-	$	-

December 31, 2011	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Description
Assets
Marketable securities	$	1,211,154	$	-	$	-

The Company did not identify any other non-recurring assets and liabilities that are required to be presented in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value in accordance with ASC 825.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in compliance with Staff accounting bulletin (SAB) 104. Because collection is not reasonably assured, sales revenue is recognized using the cost recovery method. Under the cost recovery method, no profit is recognized until collections exceed the cost of the goods sold. Profit not yet recognized is recorded as deferred revenue as a current liability.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses the cost of advertising as incurred or, as appropriate, the first time the advertising takes place. For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company incurred advertising expenses of $461,539 and $670,759, respectively.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs consist primarily of transportation charges for delivery of goods to customers and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company expenses all shipping cost when they are incurred. For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company incurred transportation charges of $14,609 and $888, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” ASC 718 requires companies to measure compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation at fair value at the grant date and recognize the expense over the employee’s requisite service period. The Company recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees. The Company recognizes in the statement of operations the fair value at the vesting date for stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to non-employees. There were no options outstanding as of March 31, 2012.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The adoption had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency Translation

The accounts of the Company’s Chinese subsidiaries are maintained in the RMB and the accounts of the U.S. parent company are maintained in the USD. The accounts of the Chinese subsidiaries are were translated into USD in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 830 “Foreign Currency Matters,” with the RMB as the functional currency for the Chinese subsidiaries. According to Topic 830, all assets and liabilities were translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statement of operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under other comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income.” Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operations.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Certain statements, however, require entities to report specific changes in assets and liabilities, such as gain or loss on foreign currency translation, as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet. Such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. The functional currency of the Company’s Chinese subsidiaries is the Chinese Yuan Renminbi. Translation gains of $10,705,577 and $10,494,622 at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively are classified as an item of other comprehensive income in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet. During the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income included translation gains of $210,955 and $222,439, and unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity security of $2,392,029 and $(4,743,687), respectively. A detail of accumulated other comprehensive income is summarized below:

						Total
						Accumulated
						Other
	Foreign		Unrealized			Comprehensive
	Currency		Gain (loss)			Income
Balance, December 31, 2011	$	10,494,622	$	(1,618,578	)	$	8,876,044
Adjustments	$	210,955	$	2,392,029		$	2,602,984
Balance, March 31, 2012	$	10,705,577	$	773,451		$	11,479,028

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share is calculated in accordance with the ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Basic earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method. Under this method, warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. There were no options as of March 31, 2012 and 426,000 options as of March 31, 2011 that were excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation due to their exercise price being greater than the Company’s average stock price for the year.

Statement of Cash Flows

In accordance with ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the average translation rates. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

Segment Reporting

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Report,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. ASC Topic 280 has no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company consists of one reportable business segment. All revenue is from customers in People’s Republic of China and all of the Company’s assets are located in People’s Republic of China.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04 which was issued to provide a consistent definition of fair value and ensure that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. ASU 2011-04 changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances the disclosure requirements particularly for Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not significantly impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 revises the manner in which entities present comprehensive income in their financial statements. The new guidance removes the presentation options in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 220, Comprehensive Income, and requires entities to report components of comprehensive income in either (1) a continuous statement of comprehensive income or (2) two separate but consecutive statements. The ASU does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12 which defers the requirement in ASU 2011-05 that companies present reclassification adjustments for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income in both net income and other comprehensive income on the face of the financial statements. ASU 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years and interim reporting periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2011-05, as amended by ASU 2011-12, did not significantly impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08 which provides an entity the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step test for goodwill impairment. If an entity believes, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. The revised standard is effective for the Company for its annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of ASU 2011-08 did not significantly impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December, 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-11 “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities,” (“ASU 2011-11”). ASU 2011-11 enhances disclosures regarding financial instruments and derivative instruments. Entities are required to provide both net information and gross information for these assets and liabilities in order to enhance comparability between those entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of U.S. GAAP and those entities that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS. This new guidance is to be applied retrospectively. The adoption of these provisions does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.

+ References+ Details

BODISEN BIOTECH, INC 10-Q