UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 13D

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No. 3)*

SPARK NETWORKS SE

(Name of Issuer)

American Depository Shares, each representing 0.1 ordinary shares, €1.00 nominal value per share

(Title of Class of Securities)

846517100

(CUSIP Number)

John H. Lewis

Osmium Partners, LLC

5 Ross Ave

San Anselmo, CA 94960

(415) 235-5089

(Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)

October 27, 2023

(Date of Event Which Requires Filing of This Statement)

If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this schedule because of Rule 13d-1(e), Rule 13d-1(f) or Rule 13d-1(g), check the following box. ☐

*	The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person’s initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter disclosures provided in a prior cover page.

The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to be “filed” for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the Notes).

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 2 of 10 pages

1	NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS
	John H. Lewis

2	CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP			(a)	☐
				(b)	☒

3	SEC USE ONLY


4	SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	PF, AF

5	CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEM 2(D) OR 2(E)				☐


6	CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
	United States

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH		7	SOLE VOTING POWER
			342,362

		8	SHARED VOTING POWER
			3,685,502

		9	SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
			342,362

		10	SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
			3,685,502

11	AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
	4,027,864

12	CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)				☐


13	PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
	15.3%

14	TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	IN

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 3 of 10 pages

1	NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS
	Osmium Partners, LLC

2	CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP			(a)	☐
				(b)	☒

3	SEC USE ONLY


4	SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	AF

5	CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEM 2(D) OR 2(E)				☐


6	CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
	Delaware

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH		7	SOLE VOTING POWER
			0

		8	SHARED VOTING POWER
			3,685,502

		9	SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
			0

		10	SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
			3,685,502

11	AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
	3,685,502

12	CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)				☐


13	PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
	14.0%

14	TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	IA, OO

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 4 of 10 pages

1	NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS
	Osmium Capital, LP

2	CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP			(a)	☐
				(b)	☒

3	SEC USE ONLY


4	SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	WC

5	CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEM 2(D) OR 2(E)				☐


6	CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
	Delaware

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH		7	SOLE VOTING POWER
			0

		8	SHARED VOTING POWER
			1,668,417

		9	SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
			0

		10	SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
			1,668,417

11	AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
	1,668,417

12	CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)				☐


13	PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
	6.4%

14	TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	PN

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 5 of 10 pages

1	NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS
	Osmium Capital II, LP

2	CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP			(a)	☐
				(b)	☒

3	SEC USE ONLY


4	SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	WC

5	CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEM 2(D) OR 2(E)				☐


6	CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
	Delaware

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH		7	SOLE VOTING POWER
			0

		8	SHARED VOTING POWER
			682,514

		9	SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
			0

		10	SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
			682,514

11	AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
	682,514

12	CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)				☐


13	PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
	2.6%

14	TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	PN

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 6 of 10 pages

1	NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS
	Osmium Spartan, LP

2	CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP			(a)	☐
				(b)	☒

3	SEC USE ONLY


4	SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	WC

5	CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEM 2(D) OR 2(E)				☐


6	CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
	Delaware

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH		7	SOLE VOTING POWER
			0

		8	SHARED VOTING POWER
			484,197

		9	SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
			0

		10	SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
			484,197

11	AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
	484,197

12	CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)				☐


13	PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
	1.8%

14	TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	PN

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 7 of 10 pages

1	NAMES OF REPORTING PERSONS
	Osmium Diamond, LP

2	CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP			(a)	☐
				(b)	☒

3	SEC USE ONLY


4	SOURCE OF FUNDS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	WC

5	CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT TO ITEM 2(D) OR 2(E)				☐


6	CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
	Delaware

NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON WITH		7	SOLE VOTING POWER
			0

		8	SHARED VOTING POWER
			850,374

		9	SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
			0

		10	SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
			850,374

11	AGGREGATE AMOUNT BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
	850,374

12	CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)				☐


13	PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
	3.2%

14	TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
	PN

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 8 of 10 pages

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Amendment No. 3 (this “Schedule 13D Amendment”) amends and supplements the Schedule 13D originally filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on November 29, 2021, as amended by Amendment No. 1 filed with the SEC on December 28, 2022 and Amendment No. 2 filed with the SEC on January 5, 2023 (as amended by this Schedule 13D Amendment, the “Schedule 13D”) and is being filed on behalf of Osmium Partners, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Osmium Partners”), Osmium Capital, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Fund I”), Osmium Capital II, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Fund II”), Osmium Spartan, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Fund III”), Osmium Diamond, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (“Fund IV” and together with Fund I, Fund II and Fund III, the “Funds”) and John H. Lewis, the controlling member of Osmium Partners (together with Osmium Partners and the Funds, the “Reporting Persons”), with respect to American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each representing 0.1 ordinary shares, €1.00 nominal value per share (“Ordinary Shares”), of Spark Networks SE, a German corporation (the “Issuer”)

The Reporting Persons are filing this Schedule 13D Amendment to report changes in the Reporting Persons’ beneficial ownership of ADSs since the date of the last amendment of the Schedule 13D.

Other than as set forth below, all Items in the Schedule 13D are materially unchanged. Capitalized terms used in this Schedule 13D Amendment which are not defined herein have the meanings given to them in the Schedule 13D.

Item 2.

Identity and Background.

Item 2(b) of the Schedule 13D is hereby amended and supplemented to include the following:

(b) The address of the principal business office of the Reporting Person is 5 Ross Ave, San Anselmo, CA 94960.

Item 5.

Interest in Securities of the Issuer.

Item 5 of the Schedule 13D is amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

(a) The information contained in lines 7 to 11 and 13 of the cover pages of this Schedule 13D Amendment is incorporated herein by reference. The percentage ownership reflected in line 13 of the cover pages is based on 2,625,475 Ordinary Shares outstanding on August 8, 2023, as disclosed in Amendment No. 1 to the Issuer’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 23, 2023.

Each Reporting Person disclaims beneficial ownership with respect to any ADSs other than those owned directly and of record by such Reporting Person.

(b) The information contained in Item 5(a) and lines 7 to 11 and 13 of the cover pages of this Schedule 13D Amendment is incorporated herein by reference. Osmium Partners and Mr. Lewis may be deemed to share with the Funds (and not with any third party) the power to vote or direct the vote of and to dispose or direct the disposition of the ADSs directly owned by the Funds.

•

On October 26, 2023, the Funds sold 92,000 ADSs at prices ranging between $0.0250 to $0.0410, inclusive, with a weighted average price of $0.0352 per ADS, in the following amounts:

CUSIP No. 846517100

13D

Page 9 of 10 pages

•

On October 27, 2023, the Funds sold 743,000 ADSs at prices ranging between $0.0125 to $0.0230, inclusive, with a weighted average price of $0.0142 per ADS, in the following amounts:

(d) None.

(e) Not applicable.

SIGNATURE

After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief, I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and correct.

Dated: November 1, 2023

	John H. Lewis
	Osmium Partners, LLC
	Osmium Capital, LP
	Osmium Capital II, LP
	Osmium Spartan, LP
	Osmium Diamond, LP

	By:	/s/ John H. Lewis
		John H. Lewis, for himself and as
		Managing Member of Osmium
		Partners, LLC, for itself and as
		General Partner of Osmium
		Capital, LP, Osmium Capital II,
		LP, Osmium Spartan, LP, and
		Osmium Diamond, LP

Reporting Person

Amount Sold

Spark Networks SE SC 13D/A