Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Feb. 28, 2025

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 1: Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and are expressed in US dollars. The Company has adopted a fiscal year end of May 31st.

Principals of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CLS Holdings USA, Inc.; its direct and indirect wholly owned operating subsidiaries, CLS Nevada, Inc., (“CLS Nevada”), CLS Labs, Inc. (“CLS Labs”), CLS Labs Colorado, Inc. (“CLS Colorado”), CLS Massachusetts, Inc. (“CLS Massachusetts”), and Alternative Solutions, LLC (“Alternative Solutions”); and wholly owned inactive subsidiaries CLS Labs Colorado, Inc. (“CLS Colorado”) and CLS Massachusetts, Inc. (“CLS Massachusetts”). Alternative Solutions is the sole owner of the following three entities (collectively, the “Oasis LLCs”): Serenity Wellness Center, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Center”); Serenity Wellness Products, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Products”); and Serenity Wellness Growers, LLC (“Serenity Wellness Growers”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of CLS CBD in which the company owns a 95% ownership interest and a variable interest entity, Kealii Okamalu, LLC (“Kealii Okamalu”), in which the Company owns a 50% interest. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation of these entities.

Nature of Business

CLS Holdings USA, Inc. (the “Company”) was originally incorporated as Adelt Design, Inc. (“Adelt”) on March 31, 2011 to manufacture and market carpet binding art. Production and marketing of carpet binding art never commenced.

We currently operate a retail marijuana dispensary within walking distance to the Las Vegas Strip and a small-scale cultivation facility, as well as a product manufacturing facility and a wholesale distribution operation in North Las Vegas. The vertically integrated business model drives strong margins to the bottom line on a portion of sales at the dispensary.

Our retail dispensary is a single location operation in Nevada and occupies over 5,000 square feet. This location, which is easily accessible by tourists, is currently open 19.5 hours per day for walk-in service. Curbside and in store express pick up is available between the hours of 8:00 AM and 12:00 AM. Oasis dispensary also delivers cannabis to residents between the hours of 8:00 AM and 10:00 PM. The central location provides logistical convenience for delivery to all parts of the Las Vegas valley.

Our wholesale operations, which occupies approximately 10,000 square feet of a 22,000 square foot warehouse, began sales to third parties in August 2017 and completed construction and received a certificate of occupancy for its state-of-the-art extraction facility in December of 2019. We have made sales to over 88 external customers as of February 28, 2025. Our existing product line includes vaporizers, tinctures, ethanol produced THC distillate, and live and cured hydrocarbon concentrates. At present, the City Trees cultivation facility only grows breeding stock to preserve valuable genetics and does not offer its crops for sale or processing. As a result, all raw materials for manufacturing are sourced from third parties.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification

Certain reclassifications, not affecting previously reported net income or cash flows, have been made to the previously issued financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $220,683 and $600,007 as of February 28, 2025 and May 31, 2024, respectively.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company generates the majority of its revenues and corresponding accounts receivable from the sale of cannabis, and cannabis related products. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable considering a combination of factors. In circumstances where it is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to it, the Company records a specific reserve for bad debts against amounts due in order to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount it reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes reserves for bad debts based on past write-off experience and the length of time the receivables are past due. The Company had bad debt expense of $3 and $93 during the three months ended February 28, 2025 and 2024.

Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using a perpetual inventory system whereby costs are determined by acquisition costs of individual items included in inventory. Market is determined based on net realizable value. Appropriate consideration is given to obsolescence, excessive levels, deterioration, and other factors in evaluating net realizable values. Our cannabis products consist of prepackaged purchased goods ready for resale, along with produced tinctures and extracts developed under our production license. During the three months ended February 28, 2025, the Company wrote-off inventory in the amount of $205,180 due to quality issues with the Company’s vendor.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at the lower of cost or estimated net recoverable amount, and is depreciated using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life. Property acquired in a business combination is recorded at estimated initial fair value. Property, plant, and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method based on the lesser of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term based upon the following life expectancy:

			Years
Office equipment			3 to 5
Furniture & fixtures			3 to 7
Machinery & equipment			3 to 10
Leasehold improvements			Term of lease

Repairs and maintenance expenditures are charged to operations as incurred. Major improvements and replacements, which extend the useful life of an asset, are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. When assets are retired or sold, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles including goodwill for impairment on an annual basis utilizing the guidance set forth in the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other” and ASC 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” At February 28, 2025, the net carrying value of goodwill on the Company’s balance sheet remained at $557,896.

Employee Retention Tax Credit

Under the provisions of the extension of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the Company was eligible for a refundable employee retention tax credit (the “ERTC”), subject to certain criteria. As ERTCs are not within the scope of ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company has chosen to account for the ERTCs by analogizing to the International Standard IAS 20, Accounting/or Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance (“IAS 20”). In accordance with IAS 20, an entity recognizes government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions attached to them and the grants will be received. During the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, the Company received an aggregate of $0 and $0, respectively, and during the nine months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, the Company received an aggregate of $50,103 and $924,862, respectively; these amounts were accounted for as other income on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Comprehensive Income

ASC 220-10-15 “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for reporting and displaying of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances. Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, ASC 220-10-15 requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. The Company does not have any items of comprehensive income in any of the periods presented.

Non-Controlling Interests

The Company reports “non-controlling interest in subsidiary” as a component of equity, separate from parent’s equity, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations includes “net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest.” There was no non-controlling interest reported during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2025. During the three and nine months ended February 29, 2024, the Company reported a non-controlling interest in the amount of $(168) and ($2,368), respectively, representing 50% of the income (loss) incurred by its partially owned subsidiary, Kealii Okamalu.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIE”), where the Company is the primary beneficiary under the provisions of ASC 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). A VIE must be consolidated by its primary beneficiary when, along with its affiliates and agents, the primary beneficiary has both: (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive the benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company reconsiders whether an entity is still a VIE only upon certain triggering events and continually assesses its consolidated VIEs to determine if it continues to be the primary beneficiary.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts and other accounts, the balances of which at times may be uninsured or exceed federally insured limits. From time to time, some of the Company’s funds are also held by escrow agents; these funds may not be federally insured. The Company continually monitors its banking relationships and consequently has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Advertising and Marketing Costs

All costs associated with advertising and promoting products are expensed as incurred. Total recognized advertising and marketing expenses were $75,527 and $125,251 for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively, and $250,237 and $352,310 for the nine months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred. The Company incurred research and development costs of $180 and $1,286 for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively, and $601 and $3,173 for the nine months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 825–- Financial Instruments, the Company is required to estimate the fair value of all financial instruments included on its balance sheets. The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable, convertible notes payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, none of which is held for trading, approximate their estimated fair values due to the short-term maturities of those financial instruments.

A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1–- Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2–- Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3–- Significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by market data.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from the sale of cannabis products is recognized by Oasis at the point of sale, at which time payment is received, the product is delivered, and the Company’s performance obligation has been met. Management estimates an allowance for sales returns.

The Company also recognizes revenue from Serenity Wellness Products LLC and Serenity Wellness Growers LLC, d/b/a City Trees (“City Trees”). City Trees recognizes revenue from the sale of the following cannabis products and services to licensed dispensaries, cultivators and distributors within the State of Nevada:

	●	Premium organic medical cannabis sold wholesale to licensed retailers

	●	Recreational marijuana cannabis products sold wholesale to licensed distributors and retailers

	●	Extraction products such as oils and waxes derived from in-house cannabis production

	●	Processing and extraction services for licensed medical cannabis cultivators in Nevada

	●	High quality cannabis strains in the form of vegetative cuttings for sale to licensed medical cannabis cultivators in Nevada

Effective June 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue from commercial sales of products and licensing agreements by applying the following steps: (1) identifying the contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognizing revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024:

	For the Three		For the Three
	Months Ended		Months Ended
	February 28, 2025		February 29, 2024
Cannabis Dispensary		2,362,343		2,987,224
Cannabis Production		1,492,260		1,939,233
	$	3,854,603	$	4,926,457

	For the Nine		For the Nine
	Months Ended		Months Ended
	February 28, 2025		February 29, 2024
Cannabis Dispensary		8,136,274		9,399,830
Cannabis Production		4,684,764		5,838,368
	$	12,821,038	$	15,238,198

Basic and Diluted Earnings or Loss Per Share

Basic net earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, while fully diluted net earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities assumed to be outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Potentially dilutive securities consist of options and warrants to purchase common stock, and convertible debt. Basic and diluted net loss per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. At February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, the Company had the following potentially dilutive instruments outstanding: at February 28, 2025, a total of 21,915,669 shares (14,398,169 issuable upon the exercise of warrants, 7,500,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, and 17,500 in stock to be issued); and at February 29, 2024, a total of 83,709,603 shares (20,726,901 issuable upon the exercise of warrants, 8,250,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, 57,715,202 issuable upon the conversion of convertible notes payable and accrued interest, and 17,500 in stock to be issued).

The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the impact of outstanding stock options and warrants. Stock options and warrants for which the exercise price exceeds the average market price over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per common share and, accordingly, are excluded from the calculations.

A net loss causes all outstanding stock options and warrants to be anti-dilutive. As a result, the basic and dilutive losses per common share are the same for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and 2024. For the three and nine months ended February 28, 2025 and 2024, the Company excluded from the calculation of fully diluted earnings per share the following instruments which were anti-dilutive: shares issuable pursuant to the conversion of notes payable and accrued interest, shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of warrants, and shares of common stock issuable.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740. The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current and non-current based on their characteristics. A valuation allowance is provided for certain deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize tax assets through future operations.

Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the Controlled Substances Act). The IRS has invoked Section 280E in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. that are permitted under applicable state laws. Although the IRS has issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are generally not permitted to be deducted. The operations of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries are subject to Section 280E. This results in permanent differences between ordinary and necessary business expenses deemed non-deductible under IRC Section 280E. Therefore, the effective tax rate can be highly variable and may not necessarily correlate with pre-tax income or loss.

Commitments and Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims brought to such legal counsel’s attention as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The amendments improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted and can be applied on either a prospective or retroactive basis. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements and segment disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE)” which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. The ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this guidance will have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements and segment disclosures.

There are various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

CLS Holdings USA, Inc. 10-Q