Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2011

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a)	Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, Xiangrui, WFOE and Shandong Xiangrui (the “Group”)

All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Group has adopted FIN 46R which requires a VIE to be consolidated by a company if that company is subject to a majority of the risk of loss for the VIE or is entitled to receive a majority of the VIE’s residual returns.

b)	Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared and presented in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP).

c)	Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for inventories, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, income tax and tax related valuation allowance, and contingencies. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

d)	Foreign currency

The functional currency of Shandong Xiangrui is Chinese Renminbi (RMB), as determined based on the criteria of FASB ASC 830 Foreign Currency Matters. The Group uses the U.S. dollar for financial reporting purposes.

Shandong Xiangrui translates assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using the applicable exchange rate quoted by the People’s Bank of China at the balance sheet date. The income and expenses items are translated using average rates during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation of financial statements from RMB into U.S. dollars are recorded in shareholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income – translation adjustments. The exchange rates used for the translation are listed below.


	Year end exchange rate US$:RMB		Average yearly US$:RMB
2011		6.3009		6.4210
2010		6.6227		6.7353

e)	Fair value of financial instruments

The Group adopted ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires disclosures to be provided on fair value measurement.

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

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Level 1— Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

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Level 2— Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace; and

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Level 3— Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, other current liabilities, and amounts due to employees approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.

Cash

The Group considers all cash on hand and demand deposits as cash.

g)	Restricted cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held by banks, which are not available for the Group use, as security for issuance of letters of credit.

h)	Notes and accounts receivable

Notes receivable represent bank notes which are paid by third party commercial banks when due and thus are believed to have low credit risk. Provisions are made against notes and accounts receivable for estimated losses resulting from the inability of collecting payments from our customers. The Group periodically assesses notes and accounts receivable balances to determine whether an allowance for doubtful accounts should be made based upon historical bad debt analysis, specific customer creditworthiness, and current economic trends. Notes and accounts receivable in the balance sheets are stated net of such provision, if any.

i)	Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value at balance sheet date. Cost of inventories is determined using the weighted average method. Provisions are made for excessive, slow moving and obsolete inventories as well as inventories whose carrying value exceeds their net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs and expenses and related taxes necessary to make the sale. Provision for inventories is determined on an individual item basis.Raw material costs are based on purchase costs while work-in-progress and finished goods comprise direct materials, direct labor and an allocation of manufacturing overhead costs.

j)	Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, detailed as follows:


Estimated Category	Estimated useful life		residual value			Annual depreciation rate
Buildings		20 years		5	%	4.75%

Machinery		5-10 years		5	%	9.5%-19%

Office equipments		5-10 years		5	%	9.5%-19%

Vehicles		10 years		5	%	9.5%

Expenditures for major additions or improvements that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized as additions to the related assets. Expenditures for minor replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the assets are charged to expense when incurred. Retirement, sales and disposals of assets are recorded by removing the cost and accumulated depreciation, with any resulting gain or loss reflected in the statements of income.

All direct and indirect costs that are related to the construction of property and equipment and incurred before the assets are ready for their intended use are capitalized as construction in progress. Construction in progress is transferred to specific property and equipment accounts and commences depreciation when these assets are ready for their intended use. Interest costs are capitalized if they are incurred during the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset and such costs could have been avoided if expenditures for the assets have not been made. Capitalization of interest costs commences when the activities to prepare the asset are in progress and expenditures and borrowing costs are being incurred. Interest costs are capitalized until the assets are ready for their intended use. Capitalization of interest costs is suspended during extended periods in which activities related to the acquisition or construction of the qualifying assets are interrupted.

k)	Land use rights

Prepayments for land use rights represent amounts paid for the right to use land in China and are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is recorded on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective land use rights agreements, which are 50 years.

l)	Revenue recognition

The Group recognizes revenue pursuant to ASC 605 Revenue Recognition, where persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists (demonstrated via contracts with purchasers), delivery has occurred, the seller’s price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. This generally occurs when the customer receives the product or at the time title passes to the customer. Customers generally do not have the right to return products unless they are damaged or defective. The Group does not provide discounts for early payments or any other allowances on sales.

m)	Shipping and handling costs

Shipping and handling costs are included in selling expenses. The shipping and handling costs for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 were US$756,889 and US$496,595, respectively.

n)	Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of purchase costs of raw material, direct labor costs and overhead expenses attributable to production and machine depreciation.

o)	Advertising expenditures

Advertising expenditures are expensed as incurred. There were no advertising costs incurred in the reporting period.

p)	Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, ASC 220 Comprehensive Income requires that all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. The Group has chosen to report comprehensive income in the Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. The Group’s other comprehensive income represents foreign currency translation adjustments.

q)	Income taxes

The Group uses the accrual method of accounting to determine income taxes for the year. The Group has implemented Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Income tax liabilities computed according to the United States and People’s Republic of China (PRC) tax laws are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes related primarily to accumulated depreciation, allowance for doubtful accounts as well as the potential impact of any net operating loss carryforwards and their potential utilization. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will be either taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is created to evaluate deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that these items will either expire before the Group is able to realize such tax benefit, or that future realization is uncertain.

The Group’s operation in the U.S. files income tax returns in the United States of America and various states, as appropriate and applicable. As a result of the Company’s bankruptcy action, the Company’s operation in the U.S. is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, as applicable, income tax examinations by regulatory taxing authorities for any period prior to 1 August 2008. The Company does not anticipate any examinations of returns filed for periods ending after 1 August 2008.

All of Shandong Xiangrui’s operations are in China. According to relevant laws and regulations, the Company is subject a statutory tax rate of 25 percent.

r)	Value-added tax (VAT)

In accordance with the relevant tax laws of China, value-added taxes (VAT) are levied on the invoiced value of sales and are payable by the purchaser. The Company is required to remit the VAT it collects to the tax authority, but can deduct the VAT it has paid on eligible purchases. The difference between the amounts collected and paid is presented as the VAT recoverable or payable balance on the balance sheets.

s)	Employee benefits

Full-time employees of Shandong Xiangrui participate in a government-mandated multi-employee defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require Shandong Xiangrui make contributions to the government for these benefits based on a specific percentage of the employees’ salaries up to a maximum of three times the average annual salary for the city in which Shandong Xiangrui operates for the prior year. Shandong Xiangrui has no legal obligation for any benefits beyond the contributions made.

t)	Impairment of long-lived assets

The Group evaluates its long-lived assets, including property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360 Property, Plant and Equipment. When these events occur, the Group assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the expected future undiscounted cash flows resulting from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair value. Fair value is generally determined by discounting the cash flows expected to be generated by the assets, when the market prices are not readily available. No impairment of long-lived assets was recognized for any of the years presented.

u)	Government grants

We receive grants from the government. The grants received from the government are recorded in the financial statements in accordance with the purpose and the nature of the grant, either as other income, a reduction of expenses, or a reduction of the cost of the capital investment. The benefit of grants is recorded when performance is complete and all conditions as specified in the agreement are fulfilled. Any refundable grant is accounted for as a liability.

v)	Income (Loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the respective period presented in our accompanying financial statements.

Fully diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic income (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of common stock equivalents (primarily outstanding options and warrants).

Common stock equivalents represent the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of the outstanding stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method, at either the beginning of the respective period presented or the date of issuance, whichever is later, and only if the common stock equivalents are considered dilutive based upon the Group’s net income (loss) position at the calculation date.

As of 31 December 2011, the Group had no outstanding stock warrants, options or convertible securities which could be considered as dilutive for purposes of the loss per share calculation.

w)	Recently issued accounting pronouncements

In July 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-20 an accounting update to provide guidance to enhance disclosures related to the credit quality of a company’s financing receivables portfolio and the associated allowance for credit losses (“FASB ASC Topic 310”). Pursuant to this accounting update, a company is required to provide a greater level of disaggregated information about its allowance for credit loss with the objective of facilitating users’ evaluation of the nature of credit risk inherent in the Group’s portfolio of financing receivables, how that risk is analyzed and assessed in arriving at the allowance for credit losses, and the changes and reasons for those changes in the allowance for credit losses. The revised disclosures as of the end of the reporting period are effective for the Group beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2011, and the revised discourses related to activities during the reporting period are effective for the Group beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2011. The adoption of such standard did not have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-28 an accounting pronouncement related to intangibles – goodwill and other (“FASB ASC Topic 350”), which requires a company to consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist in performing step 2 of the impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. The provisions for this pronouncement are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2010, with no early adoption. We adopted this pronouncement for our fiscal year, beginning July 1, 2011. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-29 an accounting pronouncement related to business combinations (“FASB ASC Topic 815”), which specifies that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. It also expands the supplemental pro forma disclosures under Topic 805 to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendments in this update are effective prospectively for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-01 an accounting pronouncement related to receivables (“FASB ASC Topic 310”). The amendments in this update temporarily delay the effective date of the disclosures about troubled debt restructurings in ASU 2010-20 for public entities. The delay is intended to allow the Board time to complete its deliberations on what constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. Currently, that guidance is anticipated to be effective for interim and annual periods ending after 15 June 2011. The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity.

+ References+ Details

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