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U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K


☒	ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025


☐	TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-40767

CRYO-CELL INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

     DELAWARE

     22-3023093

     (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

     (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

700 Brooker Creek Blvd, Suite 1800, Oldsmar, FL 34677

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number: (813) 749-2100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

     Title of each class

     Trading
Symbol(s)

     Name of each exchange on which registered

     Common Stock, $0.01 par value

     CCEL

     NYSE American LLC

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes  No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer	☐		Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒		Smaller reporting company	☑
Emerging growth company		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. 

Indicate by check mark whether any of the error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to 240.10D-1(b). 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes  No ☑

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant is computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was last sold as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (May 31, 2025) was $26,519,624.

As of February 28, 2026, there were 8,055,150 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

Auditor Firm Id: 344 Auditor Name: Wipfli LLP Auditor Location: Atlanta, Georgia

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
	PART I
	FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	1
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	1
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	11
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	25
ITEM 1C.	CYBERSECURITY	25
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	26
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	26
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	27

	PART II
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	28
ITEM 6.	RESERVED	28
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	29
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	40
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	41
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	76
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	76
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	77
ITEM 9C.	DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS	77

	PART III
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	78
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	80
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	86
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	87
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	87

	PART IV
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	89
ITEM 16.	FORM 10-K SUMMARY	91
	SIGNATURES	92

Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10‑K, press releases and certain information provided periodically in writing or orally by the Company's officers or its agents may contain statements which constitute "forward‑looking statements". The terms "Cryo-Cell International, Inc.," "Cryo-Cell," "Company," "we," "our" and "us" refer to Cryo-Cell International, Inc. The words "expect," "believe," "goal," "plan," "intend," "estimate" and similar expressions and variations thereof, if used, are intended to specifically identify forward‑looking statements. Similarly, statements that describe future financial performance or plans or strategies are forward-looking statements. Those statements appear in a number of places in this Form 10‑K and in other places, and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of the Company and its directors or its officers with respect to, among other things, our future performance and operating results, our future operating plans, our liquidity and capital resources; and our legal proceedings. Investors and prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward‑looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward‑looking statements as a result of various factors. These uncertainties and other factors include the outcomes of the Company's pending legal proceedings, the success of product diversification, the Company’s actual future ownership stake in future therapies emerging from its collaborative research partnerships, the success related to its IP portfolio, the Company’s future competitive position in stem cell innovation, future success of its core business and the competitive impact of public cord blood banking on the Company’s business, the success of the Company’s initiative to expand its core business units to include biopharmaceutical manufacturing and operating clinics, the uncertainty of profitability from its biopharmaceutical manufacturing and operating clinics, the Company’s ability to minimize future costs to the Company related to R&D initiatives and collaborations and the success of such initiatives and collaborations, the success and enforceability of the Company’s umbilical cord blood and cord tissue license agreements, together with the associated intellectual property and their ability to provide the Company with royalty fees, as well as the Risk Factors set forth in this Form 10-K.

You should refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this annual report for a discussion of important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this annual report will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. The forward-looking statements in this annual report represent our views as of the date of this annual report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our views to change. However, while we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this annual report. You should read this annual report and the documents that we reference in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Introduction

Cryo-Cell International, Inc. (the “Company” or “Cryo-Cell”) is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1989. The Company is organized in three reportable segments; 1.) cellular processing and cryogenic storage for family use, with a current focus on the collection and preservation of umbilical cord blood and tissue stem cells, 2.) the manufacture of PrepaCyte® CB Processing System (“PrepaCyte CB”) units, the processing technology used to process umbilical cord blood stem cells, and 3.) cellular processing and cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use. The Company, in combination with its global affiliates, currently stores over 250,000 cord blood and cord tissue specimens worldwide for the exclusive benefit of newborn babies and possibly other members of their families. Founded in 1989, the Company was the world’s first private cord blood bank to separate and store stem cells in 1992. The Company's U.S.-based business operations, including the processing and storage of specimens, are handled from its headquarters facility in Oldsmar, Florida. The specimens are primarily stored in commercially available cryogenic storage units at the Company's technologically and operationally advanced facility in Durham, NC.

In recent years, utilizing its infrastructure, experience and resources derived from its umbilical cord blood stem cell business, the Company has expanded its research and development activities to develop technologies related to stem cells harvested from sources beyond umbilical cord blood stem cells. During fiscal 2011, the Company introduced the advanced new cord tissue service, which stores a section of the umbilical cord tissue. The Company offers the cord tissue service in combination with the umbilical cord blood service.

As discussed further in Note 18, on February 23, 2021, the Company entered into a Patent and Technology License Agreement (the “Duke License Agreement”) with Duke University (“Duke”). The Duke License Agreement grants the Company certain rights to proprietary processes and regulatory data related to cord blood and cord tissue developed at Duke. Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company had anticipated, either directly or through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Celle Corp., exploring, testing, and administering treatments to patients for which there are limited U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved therapies, including cerebral palsy and autism. These treatments were expected to utilize the unique immunomodulatory and potential regenerative properties derived from cord blood and cord tissue. Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company intended to develop three business units, namely: (1) its cord blood bank and other storage services (its historical business); (2) cord blood and cord tissue infusion clinic services initially under the FDA’s Expanded Access Program and in conjunction with the undertaking of cord blood and cord tissue clinical trials to obtain biologics license application (“BLA”) approvals for new indications, and (3) biopharmaceutical manufacturing if BLA(s) were approved by the FDA. Additionally, to support such business expansion, the Company had anticipated opening and launching the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies, which it initially hoped to open as early as the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, but no later than the first quarter of fiscal 2022 (and more recently reported as anticipated to open during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024). As discussed further in Note 18, the Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. As of the date hereof, it is unlikely that the Company will be able to expand its business into business units (2) and (3) above through the Duke License Agreement.

Until the Duke dispute is resolved, the Company does not anticipate making further investments in activities related to the Duke License Agreement. The opening of the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies is also on pause and the Company can make no assurances as to when or if it will be opened. Additionally, the proposed spinoff of Celle Corp. is also on hold and may not take place depending on the final outcome of the Duke dispute. See, “Risk Factors” and Note 12 and Note 18 for additional information regarding Duke.

Cord Blood Stem Cell Processing and Storage Business

Background of Business

Nearly fifty years ago researchers discovered that cells could be cryopreserved at extremely low temperatures and all cellular activity would cease until the specimens were thawed. Historically, cryopreservation was required for organ transplants, blood banking and medical research. Today, cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood stem cells gives individuals the opportunity to potentially take advantage of evolving cellular therapies and other medical technologies.

Hematopoietic stem cells are the building blocks of our blood and immune systems. They form the white blood cells that fight infection, red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body and platelets that promote healing. These cells are found in bone marrow where they continue to generate cells throughout our lives. Stem cells can be stored in a cryogenic environment, and upon thawing, infused into a patient. They can be returned to the individual from whom they were taken (autologous) or donated to someone else (allogeneic). An individual’s own bone marrow may be used for a transplant if the cancer has not entered the marrow system (metastasized). Otherwise, a marrow donor needs to be identified to provide the needed bone marrow. The availability of a marrow donor or matched stem cell specimen allows physicians to administer larger doses of chemotherapy or radiation in an effort to eradicate the disease. Stem cell therapies and transplants are used for both cancerous and non-cancerous diseases.

Stem cells are found in umbilical cord blood (“cord blood stem cells”) and can be collected and stored after a baby is born. Over 60,000 cord blood stem cell transplants have been performed to date. The Company believes that many parents will want to save and store these cells for potential future use by their family, either for the donor or for another family member. Today, stem cell transplants are known and accepted treatments for at least 80 diseases, we believe, a number of them life-threatening. With continued research in this area of medical technology, other therapeutic uses for cord blood stem cells are being explored. Moreover, researchers believe they may be utilized in the future for treating diseases that currently have no cure.

It is the Company’s mission to inform expectant parents and their prenatal care providers of the potential

medical benefits from preserving stem cells and to provide them the means and processes for collection and storage of these cells. A vast majority of expectant parents are simply unaware that umbilical cord blood contains a rich supply of non-controversial stem cells and that they can be collected, processed and stored for the potential future use of the newborn and possibly related family members. A baby’s stem cells are a perfect match for the baby throughout its life and have a 1-in-4 chance of being a perfect match and a 3-in-4 chance of being an acceptable match for a sibling. There is no assurance, however, that a perfect match means the cells could be used to treat certain diseases of the newborn or a relative. Today, it is still common for the cord blood (the blood remaining in the umbilical cord and placenta) to be discarded at the time of birth as medical waste.

Despite the potential benefits of umbilical cord blood stem cell preservation, the number of parents of newborns participating in stem cell preservation is still relatively small compared to the number of births (four million per annum) in the United States. The Company believes some reasons for this low level of market penetration are the misperception of the high cost of stem cell storage and a general lack of awareness of the benefits of stem cell preservation programs. However, the Company believes evolving medical technology could significantly increase the utilization of the umbilical cord blood for transplantation and/or other types of treatments. The Company believes it offers the highest quality, highest value service targeted to a broad base of the market. We intend to maximize our growth potential through our superior quality, value-driven competitive leadership position, product differentiation, an embedded client base, increased public awareness and accelerated market penetration.

The Company believes that the market for cord blood stem cell preservation is enhanced by global discussion on stem cell research developments and the current focus on reducing prohibitive health care costs. With the increasing costs of bone marrow matches and transplants, a newborn’s umbilical cord blood cells can be stored as a precautionary measure. Medical technology is constantly evolving which may provide new uses for cryopreserved cord blood stem cells.

Our Cord Blood Stem Cell Storage Services

The Company enters into storage agreements with its clients under which the Company charges a fee for the processing and testing and first year of storage of the umbilical cord blood. Thereafter, the client is charged an annual fee to store the specimen, unless the client entered into an 18-year pre-paid storage plan or a lifetime pre-paid storage plan.

The Company’s corporate headquarters are located in a nearly 18,000 square-foot state-of-the-art current Good Manufacturing Practice and Good Tissue Practice (cGMP/cGTP)-compliant facility. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) 21 CFR Part 1271, effective in May 2005, requires human cellular and tissue-based products to be manufactured in compliance with good tissue practices (cGTPs). In addition, the cellular products cryogenic storage area has been designed as a “bunker,” with enhanced provisions for security, building fortification for environmental element protection and back-up systems for operational redundancies. The Company believes that it was the first private bank to process cord blood in a technologically and operationally advanced cGMP/cGTP-compliant facility. The Company’s facility, which also currently houses the Company’s client services, marketing and administrative operations, is designed to accommodate a broad range of events such as client tours and open houses, as well as educational workshops for clinicians and expectant parents.

The Company also purchased a 56,000 square-foot facility in Durham, North Carolina (the “New Facility”). The Company acquired the New Facility to accommodate anticipated operations relating to the Patent and Technology Agreement (the “Duke License Agreement”) with Duke University (“Duke”) as discussed further in Note 18. In addition, the New Facility provides capacity not only for the Company’s existing and anticipated internal storage needs, but also enables the Company to offer storage services to third-parties.

Competitive Advantages

The Company believes that it provides several key advantages over its competitors, including:

•

The world’s first private cord blood bank, that in combination with its global affiliates, currently stores over 250,000 cord blood and cord tissue specimens worldwide,

•

our facility's status as a cGMP- and cGTP-compliant private cord blood bank with AABB accreditation and FACT (the Foundation for the Accreditation for Cellular Therapy) accreditation,

•

a state-of-the-art laboratory processing facility,

•

utilization of a processing method using superior technology that yields the maximum recovery of healthy stem cells and provides superior red blood depletion over all other methods,

•

a five-compartment cord blood freezer bag that allows for multiple uses of the baby’s cord blood stem cells,

•

a safe, secure and monitored storage environment,

•

since inception, 100% viability rate of the Company’s specimens upon thaw for therapeutic use,

•

a state-of the-art, insulated collection kit,

•

7 day per week processing capability, and

•

a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 (effective February 1, 2012 this payment was increased to $75,000 for new clients, effective June 1, 2017 this payment was increased to $100,000 for new clients that choose the premium cord blood processing method, PrepaCyte CB) to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions.

Cord Tissue

In August 2011, the Company introduced its advanced new cord tissue service, which stores a section of the umbilical cord tissue. Approximately six inches of the cord tissue is procured and transported to the Company’s laboratory for processing, testing and cryopreservation for future potential use. Umbilical cord tissue is a rich source of MSCs, which have many unique functions including the ability to inhibit inflammation following tissue damage, to secrete growth factors that aid in tissue repair, and to differentiate into many cell types including neural cells, bone cells, fat cells and cartilage. MSCs are increasingly being researched in regenerative medicine for a wide range of conditions.

Public Banking

In June 2018, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets (the “Cord Purchase”) of Cord:Use Cord Blood Bank, Inc., a Florida corporation (“Cord:Use”), in accordance with the definitive Asset Purchase Agreement between Cryo-Cell and Cord:Use (the “Purchase Agreement”), including without limitation Cord:Use’s inventory of public cord blood units existing as of the closing date (the “Public Cord Blood Inventory”). The Public Cord Blood Inventory creates a large, ethnically diverse, high quality inventory of available cord blood stem cell units for those in need of life saving therapy. The Company collects cord blood units at hospitals in California. The Company’s public inventory is stored in North Carolina, and the cord blood units are sold through the National Marrow Donor Program (“NMDP”) located in Minnesota, who ultimately distributes the cord blood units to transplant centers located in the United States, and around the world.

ExtraVault

On July 18, 2022, the Company completed the purchase of a 56,000 square foot facility located near the Research Triangle Park in the Regional Commerce Center in Durham, North Carolina. The New Facility has space for not only its existing and future internal storage needs, but also has the capacity to offer third party pharmaceutical companies and medical institutions cold storage services (“ExtraVault” – see www.extravault.com), to set up a cellular therapy laboratory to manufacture mesenchymal stromal cells from cord tissue (“MSCs”) and the space to consolidate the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies under the same roof.

The Company anticipates this Facility will expand the Company’s cryopreservation and cold storage business by introducing a new service, ExtraVault (www.extravault.com). With over 30 years of experience in handling biological specimens for both research and clinical use, Cryo-Cell intends to leverage this expertise and offer these biorepository services to biopharmaceutical companies and healthcare institutions. The new facility will offer state-of-the-art biologic, reagent and vaccine storage at cost effective prices. A robust inventory management system is planned to be implemented that Cryo-Cell believes will allow customers to view their own inventory through a customer portal and place distribution orders online. As a result, it is anticipated ExtraVault will provide expertise, experience, customer electronic access and cost sensitive solutions to the Company’s partners in the biopharma and healthcare industries. Information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and

should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Marketing

Marketing Approach

It is the Company’s mission to inform expectant parents and their prenatal care providers of the potential medical benefits from preserving stem cells and to provide them with the means and processes for collection and storage of these cells. Today, stem cell transplants are known and accepted treatments for approximately 80 diseases, a number of them life-threatening. With continued research in this area of medical technology, other therapeutic uses for cord blood stem cells are being explored. A vast majority of expectant parents are simply unaware that umbilical cord blood contains a rich supply of non-controversial stem cells and that they can be collected, processed and stored for the potential future use of the newborn and possibly related family members. A baby’s stem cells are a perfect match for the baby throughout its life and have a 1-in-4 chance of being a perfect match and a 3-in-4 chance of being an acceptable match for a sibling. There is no assurance, however, that a perfect match means the cells could be used to treat certain diseases of the newborn or a relative. Today, it is still common for the cord blood (the blood remaining in the umbilical cord and placenta) to be discarded at the time of birth as medical waste.

Despite the potential benefits of umbilical cord blood stem cell preservation, the number of parents of newborns participating in stem cell preservation is still relatively small compared to the number of births (four million per annum) in the United States. The Company believes some reasons for this low level of market penetration are the misperception of the high cost of stem cell storage and a general lack of awareness of the benefits of stem cell preservation programs. However, evolving medical technology could significantly increase the utilization of the umbilical cord blood for transplantation and/or other types of treatments. The Company believes it offers the highest quality, highest value service targeted to a broad base of the market. We intend to maximize our growth potential through our superior quality, value-driven competitive leadership position, product differentiation, an embedded client base, increased public awareness and accelerated market penetration.

Umbilical Cord Blood and Cord Tissue Services

The Company markets its cord blood stem cell preservation services directly to expectant parents and by distributing information through obstetricians, pediatricians, childbirth educators, certified nurse-midwives and other related healthcare professionals. The Company believes that its revenues have been facilitated by a variety of referral sources, resulting from high levels of customer satisfaction. New expectant parent referrals are provided by physicians, midwives and childbirth educators, and by client-to-client referrals and repeat clients storing the stem cells of their additional children.

The Company has a national team of field cord blood educators who increase awareness of the benefits of storing cord blood and cord tissue to the Company’s clinical referral sources, including physicians, midwives and hospitals and to expectant parents. Other promotional activities include internet advertisements and telemarketing activities. In addition, the Company exhibits at conferences, trade shows and other meetings attended by pregnant women and/or medical professionals. Significant portions of client referrals to the Company are from medical caregiver professionals.

To increase awareness among expectant parent audiences, the Company continues to promote its service through internet marketing. Expectant parents have also received information via emails and internet marketing campaigns.

The Company’s client support team advisors are available by telephone to enroll clients and educate both expectant parents and the medical community on the life-saving potential of cord blood stem cell preservation.

The Company continues to use its website, www.cryo-cell.com, to market its services and to provide resource information to expectant parents. The site, which is frequently updated and improved, is divided into areas of interest, including sections for expectant parents, medical caregivers and investors. Expectant parents may request and receive information about the umbilical cord blood and cord tissue service and enroll online. Viewers may read about successful transplants using Cryo-Cell stored cord blood stem cells and access other topical information. Information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company intends to continue offering cord blood and cord tissue banking services to expectant parents and relying on both online advertising and its national team of field cord blood educators to enroll new clients. A

significant portion of its new enrollments are generated from returning customers and referrals. Many of the Company’s clients choose to enter into either multiyear storage contracts, which results in deferred revenues that are recognized over the life the storage contracts.

Our public units are listed on the NMDP registry, which is connected to all other major international registries. NMDP has a contract with the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), part of the Human Health Services Department of the US government, to be the single point of access for bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood for transplant centers needing stem cells for transplant.

Additionally, the Company has definitive license agreements to market the Company’s umbilical cord blood stem cell programs in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama.

Competition

Growth in the number of families banking their newborn’s cord blood stem cells has been accompanied by an increasing landscape of competitors. The Company competes against approximately 25 other national private cord blood banks.

Some of these competitors may have access to greater financial resources. Nevertheless, the Company believes it is currently well positioned to compete in the industry. Importantly, the Company believes that some competitors charge more for comparable (or even inferior) quality service. In addition, the Company possesses an industry-recognized AABB accreditation, and believes that it was the first private cord blood bank to process in a cGMP- and cGTP-compliant facility exceeding current FDA requirements. During 2014, the Company was granted FACT (the Foundation for the Accreditation for Cellular Therapy) accreditation. These achievements position Cryo-Cell as an industry quality leader as a cGMP- and cGTP-compliant private cord blood bank with AABB and FACT accreditations.

The Company believes that its longevity and experience; value-based pricing strategy; superior customer service; premier technical and operational expertise; state-of-the-art facilities; innovative marketing programs and its expansive client base will continue to provide a competitive advantage.

Government Regulation

The Company is required to register with the FDA under the Public Health Service Act because of its ongoing cellular storage business and is subject to FDA inspection. This requirement applies to all establishments engaged in the recovery, processing, storage, labeling, packaging, or distribution of any Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (“HCT/Ps”) or the screening or testing of a cell or tissue donor. In addition, with the purchase of the manufacturing rights to the PrepaCyte CB Processing System on June 30, 2015, Cryo-Cell is required to register this product as a Medical Device under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act which is also subject to FDA inspection. At November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with these requirements.

The division of FDA which regulates HCT/Ps is the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (“CBER”). The section of FDA Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”) pertaining to cord blood is 21 CFR 1271. Since 2004, the FDA has formulated a “Tissue Action Plan” which consists of these three rules:

As of January 21, 2004, all cord blood banks are required to register with the FDA. Any cord blood bank which has a laboratory should be on the web page of FDA Registered Establishments.

The second rule was published May 20, 2004, and became effective May 25, 2005. It pertains to donor eligibility. This rule requires more screening of donors for communicable diseases.

The final rule establishes FDA standards of current Good Tissue Practice (“GTP”) for laboratories which process HCT/Ps. This rule was published November 19, 2004, became effective May 25, 2005, and is intended to prevent contamination or cross-contamination during the handling of HCT/Ps.

These three FDA rules apply only to cord blood processed on or after the effective date of May 25, 2005. The final rule allows the FDA to inspect cord blood laboratories to determine compliance with the provisions of 21 CFR Part 1271. As part of this oversight authority, the FDA conducts unannounced inspections of cord blood banks.

location and maintains its operations in Oldsmar, FL. The new PHS 351 product is distributed under an IND (10-CBA) maintained by the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). The Company has continued the contract with Duke University initiated by Cord:Use to manufacture, test, cryopreserve, store and distribute the public cord blood units. The units are listed on the NMDP Single Point of Access Registry and are available to transplant centers worldwide. The Company is reimbursed via cost recovery for public cord blood units distributed for transplant through the NMDP. The donation of cord blood units in the public cord blood banking program functions under The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) and the Company adheres to HIPAA rules. The FDA does not require establishments that manufacture drugs (including biological products) and devices that are HCT/Ps for use under an investigational new drug application (IND) (21 CFR Part 312) to register and list their HCT/Ps until the HCT/P is approved through a biologics license application (BLA), new drug application (NDA), or premarket approval application (PMA); or cleared through a premarket notification submission (510(k)).

The PrepaCyte CB (Cord Blood) Processing System is intended for use in cell processing laboratories to process and store total nucleated cells (TNC) from human umbilical cord blood, prior to banking. The device is composed of three integrally attached processing and storage containers with separation media or as a multi one-time use processing system. The system is 510(k) cleared as a Class II device. The division of the FDA which regulates this product is the Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research (“CBER”). Approval to market the device was determined by the Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies. The section of FDA Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”) pertaining to medical device is 21 CFR 800s. The requirements for compliance to this section include annual registration of the device, listing of devices with the FDA, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.

Currently, the states of California, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey and New York require cord blood banks to be registered or licensed. The Company is currently registered or licensed to operate in these states. If the Company identifies other states with licensing requirements or if other states adopt such requirements, the Company would have to obtain licenses or registration to continue providing cord blood services in those states.

Federal and state laws govern the Company’s ability to obtain and, in some cases, to use and disclose data that we may need to conduct certain activities. The HIPAA requires the Department of Health and Human Services to issue a series of regulations establishing standards for the electronic transmission of certain health information. The Company’s private cord blood bank operation is not subject to HIPAA because the Company does not engage in certain electronic transactions related to the reimbursement of healthcare providers and because blood and tissue procurement and banking activities are exempt. However, the healthcare providers that collect umbilical cord blood for the Company’s customers are subject to HIPAA. The identifiable information shared is only what is permitted by HIPAA. In 2009, a portion of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 modified HIPAA under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH Act”). While the Company is still not subject to HIPAA for the reasons stated above the Company may incur material expenses associated with compliance efforts. In addition, compliance may require management to spend substantial time and effort on compliance measures. If the Company fails to comply with HIPAA, it is possible it could suffer criminal and civil penalties. The civil penalties could include monetary penalties ranging from $100 per violation to $1.5 million depending on the level of violation.

The Company is also subject to local, state and federal laws and regulations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances. These laws include the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSHA"), cGTPs, cGMPs, Environmental Protection Act and those of the local Department of Health.

OSHA requires all employers to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women through development and implementation of work standards, education, and training. OSHA enforces the standards developed under the Act, applicable to all employers in the U.S. and its territories. cGTPs are laws, enforced by the FDA, that define and govern methods used in the manufacture of Human Cells, Tissues, and cellular and tissue-based Products (HCT/Ps). Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) are laws, enforced by the FDA, that define and govern methods used in the manufacture of drugs and finished pharmaceuticals. Both of the latter federal practices, or laws, govern the Company’s products.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) governs the management and proper disposal of products and by-products or waste. These products must be disposed in a manner that does not adversely affect the environment from which it came or where disposed of. The Department of Health on the local level primarily regulates systems and associated equipment employed in recovery activities such as back-up generators; therefore, governing specific internal processes.

Evolving legislation and regulations governing private cord blood banking in various jurisdictions throughout the world may impact the Company’s international licensees.

In addition, as the organization grows and evolves, other legislation and regulations are expected to impact the Company. One such evolution involves activities that may be designated as or involve medical research or cooperative agreements associated with medical research. These types of activities are also governed by the FDA, specifying oversight by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB is a board or committee that approves the initiation of, and conducts periodic review of, biomedical research involving human subjects. The primary purpose of such review is to assure the protection of the rights and welfare of the human subjects. Governance of biomedical research is codified as laws by Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 56, and enforced by the FDA. Other medical research associated with clinical trials may require an Investigational New Drug Application (IND). Current Federal law requires that a drug be the subject of an approved marketing application before it is transported or distributed across state lines. Because a sponsor will likely want to ship the investigational drug to clinical investigators in many states, it must seek an exemption from that legal requirement. The IND is the means through which the sponsor technically obtains this exemption from the FDA. This approval would be required in the case of a clinical trial.

License Agreement with Duke University

As previously disclosed, the Company entered into a Patent and Technology License Agreement dated effective as of February 23, 2021 (as amended, the "Duke License Agreement") with Duke University (“Duke”), pursuant to which Duke granted to the Company an exclusive license to make, have made, use, import, offer for sale, sell and otherwise commercially exploit (with the right to sublicense) certain licensed products and to practice certain licensed processes, and the exclusive right to use certain regulatory data and technical information in connection with such licensed patent rights, in the treatment, prevention, cure, reduction, mitigation or other management of certain diseases in humans, except, with regard to certain patent rights, in certain excluded fields of use and in certain territories, subject to Duke’s reserved rights to practice the licensed rights for all research, public service, internal (including clinical) and/or educational purposes. The Duke License Agreement was amended pursuant to the First Amendment to License Agreement dated February 4, 2022 and the Second Amendment to License Agreement dated February 17, 2023.

Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company had anticipated, either directly or through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Celle Corp., exploring, testing, and administering treatments to patients for which there are limited U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved therapies, including cerebral palsy and autism. These treatments were expected to utilize the unique immunomodulatory and potential regenerative properties derived from cord blood and cord tissue. Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company intended to develop three business units, namely: (1) its cord blood bank and other storage services (its historical business); (2) cord blood and cord tissue infusion clinic services initially under the FDA's Expanded Access Program and in conjunction with the undertaking of cord blood and cord tissue clinical trials to obtain biologics license application (“BLA”) approvals for new indications, and (3) biopharmaceutical manufacturing if BLA(s) were approved by the FDA. Additionally, to support such business expansion, the Company had anticipated opening and launching the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies, which it initially hoped to open as early as the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, but no later than the first quarter of fiscal 2022 (and more recently reported as anticipated to open during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024).

However, due to Duke’s conduct, the Company has not been able to make the progress it had hoped to make in expanding patient access to innovative infusion treatments and has been prevented from commercializing the rights licensed under the Duke License Agreement, treating patients and otherwise obtaining the benefits of the Duke License Agreement. As such, after attempts to reach compromise, on October 4, 2024, the Company filed a demand for arbitration (the “Arbitration Demand”) with the American Arbitration Association. Among other things, the Company alleges in the Arbitration Demand that Duke fraudulently induced Cryo-Cell to enter the Duke License Agreement and breached it on various occasions. The Arbitration Demand includes five counts against Duke, as follows: Count I – Breach of the Duke License Agreement; Count II – Breach of the Implied Contractual Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing; Count III – Fraudulent Inducement to Enter into the Duke License Agreement; Count IV – Violation of North Carolina’s Unfair Trade Practices Act; and Count V – Unjust Enrichment.

In connection therewith, the Company has requested an award in the Company’s favor and against Duke for damages in an amount to be proved at a final hearing, interest, attorneys’ fees, and arbitration fees and costs, along with all other relief to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity. The Company has notified Duke that it believes such damages are in excess of $100 million.

On November 18, 2024, Duke responded to the Arbitration Demand and asserted counterclaims against the Company which Duke amended on March 24, 2025 for breach of the License Agreement and indemnity, seeking unspecified damages and related relief. On December 12, 2024, the Company filed an answering statement in response to Duke’s counterclaims. A final hearing on the Company's claims and Duke's counterclaims is scheduled for April 2026.

In Q4 2024, the Company made the final payment of $187,400 under the Clinical Study and Research Agreement that the Company entered into with Duke dated March 3, 2023 in connection with the Second Amendment to the Duke License Agreement. As previously disclosed, the Duke License Agreement also imposes certain future royalty payment obligations, an obligation to pay certain legal fees and expenses associated with related patents, and an obligation to pay Duke $2,000,000 two years after the first patient or subject is treated in the first Phase III clinical trial of a licensed product comprising mesenchymal stromal cells for an indication other than Autism Spectrum Disorder, of which there can be no assurances.

In fiscal 2021, the Company capitalized $15,372,382 in connection with the Duke License Agreement, which was considered to be an asset acquisition and which represented the costs to obtain the Duke License Agreement, and also recorded a corresponding liability to Duke for the Duke License Agreement. The Company was amortizing these costs over 16 years. However, during fiscal 2023, the Company recognized that there were indications of impairment of the assets associated with the Duke License Agreement. The Company evaluated the triggering events that existed as of November 30, 2023, tested the asset group for recoverability and measured the long-lived asset impairment. As a result, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the full carrying value of $13,108,064.

As stated above, through the Duke License Agreement, the Company had intended to expand to a triad of core business units to include: (1) its cord blood bank and other storage services; (2) cord blood and cord tissue infusion clinic services initially under the FDA's Expanded Access Program and in conjunction with the undertaking of cord blood and cord tissue clinical trials to obtain BLA approvals for new indications, and (3) biopharmaceutical manufacturing if BLA(s) were approved by the FDA. The Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. Duke’s notice of termination is based on its claim that the Company breached the Duke License Agreement, which Duke asserted after the Company filed its Arbitration Demand against Duke with the American Arbitration Association alleging that Duke fraudulently induced Cryo-Cell to enter the Duke License Agreement and that Duke breached the agreement on various occasions. As of the date hereof, it is unlikely the Company will be able to expand its business into business units (2) and (3) above through the Duke License Agreement.

Until the Duke dispute is resolved, the Company does not anticipate making further investments in activities related to the Duke License Agreement. The opening of the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies is on pause. The Company can make no assurances as to when or if it will be opened. Also, the proposed spinoff of Celle Corp. is on hold and may not take place depending on the final outcome of the Duke dispute. See “Risk Factors” and Notes 12 and 18.

Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures

Since its inception, Cryo-Cell has entered into a number of business activities through subsidiaries and joint ventures, including the following activities and those described under “International” below. The Company continues to evaluate and pursue, certain opportunities for global expansion, on a selective basis, in which operational synergies and economic potential align with Cryo-Cell’s strategic direction.

Revenue Sharing Agreements (“RSAs”)

The Company entered into RSAs prior to 2002 with various third and related parties. The Company’s RSAs provide that in exchange for a non-refundable up-front payment, the Company would share for the duration of the RSA a percentage of its future revenue derived from the annual storage fees related to a certain number of specimens that originated from specific geographical areas. The RSAs have no definitive term or termination provisions. The sharing applies to the storage fees collected for all specified specimens in the area covered by the RSA up to the number covered in the RSA. When the number of specimens is filled, any additional specimens stored in that area are not subject to the RSA. As empty spaces result from attrition, the Company has agreed to fill them as soon as possible. The Company reflects these up-front payments as long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company does not intend to enter into additional RSAs.

In the future, the Company could reverse the liability relating to the RSAs up-front payments over an appropriate period of time, based on the Company’s expectations of the total amount of payments it expects to pay to the other party under the particular RSA. However, the RSAs do not establish a finite term or time frame over which to estimate the total payments and the Company had not previously estimated and has concluded that it is not currently practicable to estimate the projected cash flows under the RSAs. At present, the Company intends to defer the reversal of the liability, until such time as these amounts can be determined. During the periods when the Company defers the reversal of the liability, the quarterly payments made during these periods are treated as interest expense, which is recognized as the payments become due. In future periods, if a portion of the liability can be de-recognized based on the effective interest method, the payments will be allocated between interest and amortization of the liability. As cash is paid out to the other party during any period, the liability would be de-recognized based on the portion of the total anticipated payouts made during the period, using the effective interest method. That is, a portion of the payment would be recorded as interest expense, and the remainder would be treated as repayment of principal, which would reduce the liability.

Florida. On February 9, 1999, the previous Arizona RSAs were modified and replaced by an RSA for the state of Florida for a price of $1,000,000. During fiscal 2016, 50% of the RSA for the state of Florida was repurchased by the Company. The RSA applies to net storage revenues originating from specimens from within the state of Florida less a deduction for billing and collection fees. The RSA entitles the investors to revenues of up to a maximum of 33,000 storage spaces.

Texas. On May 31, 2001, the Company entered into an RSA with Red Rock Partners, an Arizona general partnership, entitling them to on-going shares in a portion of the Company’s net storage revenue generated by specimens originating from within the state of Texas for a price of $750,000. The investors are entitled to a 37.5% share of net storage revenues less a deduction for billing and collection fees for specimens originating in the state of Texas to a maximum of 33,000 storage spaces. During fiscal 2008, Red Rock assigned 50% of their interest in the agreement to SCC Investments, Inc., an Arizona corporation. Subsequent to November 30, 2009, SCC Investments, Inc. assigned its interest to SCF Holdings, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company. During fiscal 2016, 50% of the RSA for the state of Texas was repurchased by the Company.

The Company made total payments to all RSA holders of $1,116,352 and $1,058,311 for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024 respectively, exclusive of termination and repurchase payments. The Company recorded an RSA accrual of $1,358,059 and $1,344,866 as of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively, related to interest owed to the RSA holders, which is included in accrued expenses. The Company also recorded interest expense of $1,129,545 and $1,326,766 for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which is reflected in interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

License Agreements

The Company has definitive license agreements to market the Company’s umbilical cord blood stem cell programs in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama (“affiliates”). Under the marketing agreements, the Company earns processing and storage revenues from affiliates that store specimens in the Company's facility.

Employees

At November 30, 2025, the Company had 72 full-time employees and 4 part-time employees on the staff of the Company. Additional employees and staff will be hired on an "as needed" basis. The Company believes its relationship with its employees is good. None of our employees are members of any labor union, and we are not a party to any collective bargaining agreement.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision in our securities. These risk factors are effective as of the date of this Form 10-K and shall be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained in our future filings modifies or replaces such statement. All of these risks may impair our business operations. The forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K involve risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from the results we discuss in the forward-looking statements. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risk Related to our Business

We operate in a rapidly changing environment that involves a number of risks, some of which are beyond our control. A number of these risks are listed below. These risks could affect actual future results and could cause them to differ materially from any forward-looking statements we have made. You should carefully consider the risks described below. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Any of the risks described below could significantly and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.

Our common stock may be delisted from NYSE American LLC ("NYSE") if we fail to comply with continued listing standards.

If we fail to meet any of the continued listing standards of the NYSE, our common stock could be delisted from the exchange. These continued listing standards include specifically enumerated criteria, including compliance with the NYSE's corporate governance requirements.

If we fail to comply with the NYSE's continued listing standards, we may be delisted from the NYSE. Delisting of the common stock could depress the price of our stock, substantially limit liquidity of our common stock and materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. In such event, it could become more difficult to dispose of, or obtain accurate price quotations for, our common stock, and there would likely also be a reduction in our coverage by securities analysts and the news media, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline further.

We may need to raise additional capital.

The Company anticipates that its cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash flows from operations, together with external sources of capital will be sufficient to fund its known cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, cash flows from operations will depend primarily upon revenues from sales of its umbilical cord blood and cord tissue cellular storage services and managing discretionary expenses. Additionally, depending in part on the outcome of the Duke Arbitration Demand, the Company may require capital to pay for the startup expenses relating to its planned infusion clinic, to finance clinical trials related to the Duke License Agreement, to develop biopharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities and for capital expenditures for software enhancements and purchases of equipment and obligations under the Duke License Agreement. While the Company previously anticipated that over $50 million would be needed over the next 5 years to fund its activities related to the Duke License Agreement, as a result of the Company’s Arbitration Demand against Duke, as discussed further in Note 18, the Company currently is unable to predict its funding needs for those activities. Until the Duke arbitration claims are resolved, the Company does not anticipate making further investments in activities related to the Duke License Agreement. However, if required to continue to invest in the Duke License Agreement, the Company anticipates funding the related capital expenditures with cash-on-hand, cash flows from future operations, the Company’s revolving line of credit (see Note 4), potential additional debt financing and potential equity sales. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to obtain such additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms or at all. If expected increases in revenues are not realized, or if expenses are higher than anticipated, or if the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, the Company will be required to reduce or defer cash expenditures or otherwise manage its cash resources during the next 12 months so that they are sufficient to meet the Company’s cash needs for that period. Any reductions in expenditures, if necessary, may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business operations, including sales activities and the development of new services and technology.

We may not be able to successfully grow or operate our business.

Our business may decline, may not grow or may grow more slowly than expected. There can be no assurance that we will be able to grow or effectively operate our business. To the extent we are unable to achieve growth in our business we may continue to incur losses. We cannot assure you that we will be successful or make progress in the growth and operation of our business. Our success will depend in large part on widespread market acceptance of cryopreservation of stem cells. Our current and future expense levels are based on our operating plans and estimates of future revenues and are subject to increase as we implement our strategy. We may be unable to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall. Accordingly, any significant shortfall in revenues would likely have an immediate material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Further, if we should substantially increase our operating expenses to increase sales and marketing or to develop our technology and cord blood processing and storage systems, and such expenses are not subsequently followed by increased revenues, our operating performance and results would be adversely affected and if sustained could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly on global and regional economic conditions.

Adverse macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, slower growth or recession, new or increased tariffs, changes to fiscal and monetary policy, tighter credit, higher interest rates, high unemployment and currency fluctuations could materially adversely affect demand for the Company’s products and services. In addition, consumer confidence and spending could be adversely affected in response to financial market volatility, negative financial news, conditions in the real estate and mortgage markets, declines in income or asset values, changes to fuel and other energy costs, labor and healthcare costs and other economic factors. A downturn in the economic environment could also lead to increased credit and collectability risk on the Company’s receivables, limitations on the Company’s ability to issue new debt and reduced liquidity. These and other economic factors could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and growth.

Because our industry is subject to rapid technological and therapeutic changes and new developments, our future success will depend on the continued viability of the use of stem cells.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon our ability to enhance and expand the use of and utility of our services so that they gain increased market acceptance. There can be no assurance that expectant parents will use our services or that our services will provide competitive advantages with current or future technologies. Failure to achieve increased market acceptance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The use of stem cells in the treatment of disease is subject to potentially revolutionary technological, medical and therapeutic changes. Future technological and medical developments could render the use of stem cells and our equipment obsolete and unmarketable. We may incur significant costs in replacing or modifying equipment in which we have already made a substantial investment prior to the end of its anticipated useful life. In addition, there may be significant advances in other treatment methods, such as genetics, or in disease prevention techniques, which could significantly reduce the need for the services we provide.

If our umbilical cord blood stem cell storage services do not achieve continued market acceptance, we will not be able to generate revenue necessary to support our business.

We anticipate that service fees from the processing and storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells will continue to comprise a substantial majority of our revenue in the future and, therefore, our future success depends on the successful and continued market acceptance of this service. Broad use and acceptance of our service requires marketing expenditures and education and awareness of consumers and medical practitioners, and the time and expense required to accomplish such education and awareness of our services and its potential benefits could adversely affect market acceptance. Successful commercialization of our services will also require that we satisfactorily address the needs of various medical practitioners that constitute a target market to reach consumers of our services and to address potential resistance to recommendations for our services. If we are unable to continue to gain market acceptance of our services, we will not be able to generate sufficient revenue to remain profitable.

We may fail to successfully manufacture MSCs.

In August 2011, the Company introduced its advanced new cord tissue service, which stores a section of the umbilical cord tissue. Approximately six inches of the cord tissue is procured and transported to the Company’s laboratory for processing, testing and cryopreservation for future potential use. Umbilical cord tissue is a rich source of MSCs. It is believed that MSCs have many unique functions including the ability to inhibit inflammation following tissue damage, to secrete growth factors that aid in tissue repair, and to differentiate into many cell types including neural cells, bone cells, fat cells and cartilage. MSCs are increasingly being researched in regenerative medicine for a

wide range of conditions are currently being used in many clinical trials. While there is much promise related to MSCs, we may fail to successfully or profitably manufacture and store MSCs, including as a result of negative results in clinical trials for efficacy. The outcome of clinical trials is inherently uncertain.

Clinical development is lengthy and uncertain.

Our public blood bank research involves clinical testing, which is expensive, complex and lengthy, and subject to various regulations, including the “Common Rule.” The Common Rule is a rule of ethics in the United States regarding biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects. It governed Institutional Review Boards for oversight of human research. It is encapsulated in the 1991 revision to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Title 45 CFR 46 Subparts A, B, C and D. Subpart A. The outcome of clinical trials is inherently uncertain. There is a high rate of attrition for product candidates proceeding through clinical trials and most investigational medicines that commence clinical trials are never approved as products. We may not be able to initiate, may experience delays in, or may have to discontinue clinical trials for our investigational treatments. We and our strategic collaborators, including Duke, also may experience unforeseen events during, or as a result of, any clinical trials that we or they conduct that could delay or prevent us or them from successfully developing our investigational medicines and gaining approval from regulators. Delays or other events that might prevent us from proceeding with clinical trials include:

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regulators, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), or ethics committees may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;

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the outcome of our preclinical studies and our early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results;

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we may be unable to establish or achieve clinically meaningful endpoints for our studies;

•

if we make changes to our investigational medicines after clinical trials have commenced (which we have done in the past), we may be required to repeat earlier stages or delay later stages of clinical testing;

•

clinical trials of any investigational medicines may fail to show safety or efficacy, or produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us to conduct additional nonclinical studies or clinical trials, or we may decide to abandon product development programs; and

•

regulators may impose a complete or partial clinical hold on a trial, or we or our investigators, IRBs, or ethics committees may elect to suspend or terminate clinical research or trials for various reasons, including noncompliance with regulatory requirements or a finding that the participants are being exposed to an unacceptable benefit-risk ratio.

Any delay in developing assays that are acceptable to the FDA or other regulators could delay the start of future clinical trials. Further, the FDA or other regulators may change the requirements for approval even after they have reviewed and commented on the design for clinical trials. Significant preclinical or nonclinical testing and studies or clinical trial delays for our investigational treatments could allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do.

Our product candidates are subject to substantial government regulation, including the regulation of nonclinical testing and clinical trials. If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, our ability to generate revenues related to such product candidate will be negatively impacted.

Most of the product candidates we are developing must undergo rigorous nonclinical testing and clinical trials and an extensive regulatory approval process before they can be marketed in the United States or internationally. If we fail to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, we may have to cease further development. Clinical trials on our product candidates are expected to take several years to fully complete. The commencement or completion of nonclinical studies or clinical trials can be delayed or prevented for a number of reasons, including:

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an inability to raise sufficient capital to commence, conduct, or complete clinical trials;

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findings in nonclinical trials;

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difficulties obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial or complying with conditions imposed by a regulatory authority regarding the scope or term of a clinical trial;

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clinical trials also may be delayed or terminated as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results. In addition, a clinical trial may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA, the board overseeing the trial, or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including:

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failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols;

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inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;

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inspection of manufacturing and drug packaging operations by regulatory authorities;

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unforeseen safety issues or lack of effectiveness; and

•

lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

We cannot assure you that clinical trials will demonstrate the safety or effectiveness of any of our product candidates, or will otherwise satisfy regulatory requirements. Our nonclinical studies or clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results, there may be inconsistencies between early clinical trial results and results obtained in later clinical trials, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional nonclinical studies or clinical trials. Moreover, nonclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that have believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in nonclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtain FDA approval for their products. If we are unable to resolve the FDA’s concerns, we will not be able to obtain regulatory approval for these product candidates.

The pre-marketing approval process can be particularly expensive, uncertain and lengthy, and a number of products for which FDA or other governmental regulatory approval has been sought by other companies have never been approved for marketing. In addition to testing and approval procedures, extensive regulations also govern marketing, manufacturing, distribution, labeling, and record-keeping procedures. If we do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, such violations could result in warning letters, non-approval, suspensions of regulatory approvals or ongoing clinical trials, civil penalties and criminal fines, product seizures and recalls, operating restrictions, injunctions, and criminal prosecution.

We may encounter such delays and rejection of our product candidates by the FDA or other regulatory authority may also adversely affect our business. Such delays or rejection may be encountered due to, among other reasons, government or regulatory delays, lack of efficacy during clinical trials, unforeseen safety issues, or changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development. More stringent regulatory approval processes in product clearance and enforcement activities could result in our experiencing longer approval cycles, more uncertainty, greater risk, and higher expenses. Even if regulatory approval of a product is granted, this approval may entail limitations on uses for which the product may be labeled and promoted. It is possible, for example, that we may not receive FDA approval to market products based on our licensed, patented product candidates for different indications or to market updated products that represent extensions of our basic product candidates. In addition, we may not receive FDA approval to export our products based on our licensed, patented product candidates in the future, and countries to which products are to be exported may not approve them for import.

The stem cell preservation market is increasingly competitive.

Stem cell preservation is becoming an increasingly competitive business. Our business faces competition from other operators of stem cell preservation businesses and providers of stem storage services. Certain of our competitors may have greater financial and other resources than us. Competitors with greater access to financial resources may enter our markets and compete with us. In the event that we are not able to compete successfully, our business may be adversely affected and competition may make it more difficult for us to grow our revenue and maintain our existing business on terms that are favorable to us.

A failure in the performance of our cryopreservation storage facility or systems, or those of Duke could harm our business and reputation.

To the extent our cryopreservation storage service, or the storage by Duke with regard to our public cord blood specimens, is disrupted, discontinued or the performance is impaired, our business and operations could be adversely affected. Any failure, including network, software or hardware or equipment failure, that causes a material interruption or discontinuance in our cryopreservation storage of stem cell specimens could result in stored specimens being damaged and unable to be utilized. Specimen damage, including loss in transit to the Company or loss of bulk shipments to its secondary storage site, could result in litigation against us and reduced future revenue to us, which in turn could be harmful to our reputation. Our insurance may not adequately compensate us for any losses that may occur due to any failures in our system or interruptions in our ability to maintain proper, continued, cryopreservation storage services. Any material disruption in our ability to maintain continued uninterrupted storage systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, equipment failure, break-ins, tornadoes and similar events for which we do not have redundant systems or a formal disaster recovery plan and may not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur.

Our future success depends on our ability to retain our key personnel and to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.

Our future success depends upon our ability to retain our key management and other personnel and will also depend in large part on our ability to attract and retain additional qualified software developers, bioinformaticists, operations personnel, sales and marketing personnel, and business development personnel. Competition for these types of employees is intense due to the limited number of qualified professionals and the high demand for them, particularly in the Tampa Bay area of Florida, where our headquarters are located. We have in the past experienced difficulty in recruiting qualified personnel, especially in the area of sales. Failure to attract, assimilate, and retain personnel would have a material adverse effect on our business and potential growth.

Because our industry is subject to rapid technological and therapeutic changes and new developments, our future success will depend on the continued viability of the use of stem cells.

There is uncertainty with regard to the outcome of the Duke Arbitration Demand.

As discussed in Notes 12 and 18, on October 4, 2024, the Company filed a demand for arbitration (the “Arbitration Demand”) against Duke with the American Arbitration Association, alleging, among other things, that Duke breached the Duke License Agreement, breached the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraudulently induced the Company to enter the Duke License Agreement, and violated North Carolina’s Unfair Trade Practices Act. In connection therewith, the Company has requested an award in the Company’s favor and against Duke for damages in an amount to be proved at a final hearing, interest, attorneys’ fees, and arbitration fees and costs, along with all other relief to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity. On November 18, 2024, Duke responded to the Arbitration Demand and asserted counterclaims against the Company which Duke amended on March 24, 2025 for breach of the License Agreement and indemnity, seeking unspecified damages and related relief. On December 12, 2024, the Company filed an answering statement in response to Duke’s counterclaims. The Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. A final hearing on the Company’s claims and Duke’s counterclaims is scheduled for April 2026. The Company cannot currently predict the outcome of the arbitration. It is possible that there could be an unfavorable outcome or resolution of any claims asserted, which could negatively and materially impact the Company’s business, consolidated financial position and results of operations. Litigation is inherently uncertain and expensive and there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail or how long such proceedings may last. The Company is not currently including an estimate of legal fees and other related litigation costs in its estimate of loss contingencies.

There is uncertainty with regard to whether we will be able to maximize shareholder value through the Duke License Agreement.

On February 22, 2024, the Company formed its wholly owned Delaware subsidiary, Celle Corp., to hold certain assets of Cryo-Cell not directly associated with the recurring revenue stream from privately banked, umbilical cord blood specimens. The Duke License Agreement has been transferred to Celle Corp. and other assets and liabilities were expected to be transferred to Celle Corp. in connection therewith. As previously disclosed, the Company’s Board of Directors previously authorized the spin-off of Celle Corp. to the Company’s shareholders and the exploration of strategic alternatives for the Company (post spin-off) to maximize shareholder value. As discussed further in Notes 12 and 18, on October 4, 2024, the Company filed the Arbitration Demand against Duke, alleging that Duke fraudulently induced Cryo-Cell to enter the Duke License Agreement and breached the agreement on various occasions. The Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. As result of the Arbitration Demand against Duke and Duke’s notice of termination of the Duke License Agreement, as further discussed in Note 18, there can be no assurance that any such spinoff or any contemplated strategic alternatives will take place. Furthermore, as further discussed in Notes 12 and 18, it is unlikely that the Company will be able to commercialize the rights licensed under the Duke License Agreement, treat patients using the rights and technologies licensed from Duke, spinoff Cell Corp. or otherwise obtain the benefits of the Duke License Agreement. Nor can there be any assurances it will open the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies.

We are not assured of recouping our damages related to the Arbitration Demand against Duke nor our investment in the Duke License Agreement.

On October 4, 2024, the Company filed the Arbitration Demand against Duke with the AAA, alleging, among other things, that Duke is in breach of the Duke License Agreement, breached the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraudulently induced the Company to enter into the Duke License Agreement, and violated North Carolina’s Unfair Trade Practices Act. In connection therewith, the Company has requested an award in the Company’s favor and against Duke for damages in an amount to be proved at a final hearing, interest, attorneys’ fees, and arbitration fees and costs, along with all other relief to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity. Cryo-Cell has notified Duke that it believes such damages exceed $100 million. On November 18, 2024, Duke responded to the Arbitration Demand and asserted counterclaims against the Company which Duke amended on March 24, 2025, for breach of the License Agreement and indemnity, seeking unspecified damages and related relief. On December 12, 2024, the Company filed an answering statement in response to Duke’s counterclaims. The Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. A final hearing on the Company’s claims and Duke’s counterclaims is scheduled for April 2026. The Company cannot currently predict the outcome of the arbitration. It is possible that there could be an unfavorable outcome or resolution of any claims asserted, which could negatively and materially impact the Company’s business, consolidated financial position and results of operations. Litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail. The Company may not be able to recover all or any of its damages or all or any of its investment in the Duke License Agreement.

From time to time, the Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits, contract disputes and other claims in the normal course of its business.

The Company believes that the resolution of these matters, other than the Duke Arbitration Demand, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position or results of operations. It is possible, however, that there could be an unfavorable outcome or resolution of claims currently asserted and those which may be asserted in the future, which could negatively and materially impact the Company’s business, consolidated financial position and results of operations. Litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail. See, Item 3 Legal Proceedings.

Risk Related to Government Regulation

If we do not obtain and maintain necessary domestic regulatory registrations, approvals and comply with ongoing regulations, we may not be able to market our services in the United States.

We are subject to substantial regulation. We are required to register with the FDA under the Public Health Service Act because of our ongoing cellular storage business and are subject to FDA inspection. This requirement applies to all establishments engaged in the recovery, processing, storage, labeling, packaging, or distribution of any Human Cells, Tissues, and Cellular and Tissue-Based Products (“HCT/Ps”) or the screening or testing of a cell or tissue donor. In addition, with the purchase of the manufacturing rights to the PrepaCyte CB Processing System on

June 30, 2015, we are required to register this product as a Medical Device under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act which is also subject to FDA inspection. The Company is in compliance with these requirements, but no assurances can be made that we will be able to meet future regulatory requirements. The division of FDA which regulates HCT/Ps is the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (“CBER”). Since 2004, the FDA has formulated a “Tissue Action Plan” which consists of these three rules:

As of January 21, 2004, all cord blood banks are required to register with the FDA. Any cord blood bank which has a laboratory should be on the web page of FDA Registered Establishments.

The second rule was published May 20, 2004, and became effective May 25, 2005. It pertains to donor eligibility. This rule requires more screening of donors for communicable diseases.

The final rule allows the FDA to inspect cord blood laboratories to determine compliance with the provisions of 21 CFR Part 1271. As part of this oversight authority, the FDA conducts unannounced inspections of cord blood banks.

Upon execution of the acquisition of all of the assets of Cord:Use, the Company acquired the cord blood operations which included both public (PHS 351) and private (PHS 361) banks. The new PHS 351 product is distributed under an IND (10-CBA) maintained by the NMDP. The Company has continued the contract with Duke initiated by Cord:Use to manufacture, test, cryopreserve, store and distribute the public cord blood units. The units are listed on the NMDP Single Point of Access Registry and are available to transplant centers worldwide. The Company is reimbursed via cost recovery for public cord blood units distributed for transplant through the NMDP. The donation of cord blood units in the public cord blood banking program functions under The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) and the Company adheres to HIPAA rules. The FDA does not require establishments that manufacture drugs (including biological products) and devices that are HCT/Ps for use under an investigational new drug application (IND) (21 CFR Part 312) to register and list their HCT/Ps until the HCT/P is approved through a biologics license application (BLA), new drug application (NDA), or premarket approval application (PMA); or cleared through a premarket notification submission (510(k)).

The PrepaCyte CB (Cord Blood) Processing System is intended for use in cell processing laboratories to process and store total nucleated cells (TNC) from human umbilical cord blood, prior to banking. The device is composed of a bag with separation media. The system is 510(k) cleared as a Class II device. The division of the FDA which regulates this product is the Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research (“CBER”). Approval to market the device was determined by the Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies. The section of FDA Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”) pertaining to medical device is 21 CFR 800s. The requirements for compliance to this section include annual registration of the device, listing of devices with the FDA, good manufacturing practice, labeling, and prohibitions against misbranding and adulteration.

The Company is also subject to local, state and federal laws and regulations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices and the use and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances. These laws include the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”), cGTPs, cGMPs, Environmental Protection Act and those of the local Department of Health.

Evolving legislation and regulations governing private cord blood banking in various jurisdictions throughout the world may impact the Company’s international licensees.

specifying oversight by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB is a board or committee that approves the initiation of, and conducts periodic review of, biomedical research involving human subjects. The primary purpose of such review is to assure the protection of the rights and welfare of the human subjects. Governance of biomedical research is codified as laws by Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 56, and enforced by the FDA. Other medical research associated with clinical trials may require an Investigational New Drug Application (IND). Current Federal law requires that a drug be the subject of an approved marketing application before it is transported or distributed across state lines. Because a sponsor will likely want to ship the investigational drug to clinical investigators in many states, it must seek an exemption from that legal requirement. The IND is the means through which the sponsor technically obtains this exemption from the FDA. This approval would be required in the case of a clinical trial.

We may be required to spend substantial amounts to comply with legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to patient privacy.

Regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, contain provisions that require us to adopt business procedures designed to protect the privacy of each of our patients’ individual health information. Federal and state laws govern the Company’s ability to obtain and, in some cases, to use and disclose data that we may need to conduct certain activities. The HIPAA requires the Department of Health and Human Services to issue a series of regulations establishing standards for the electronic transmission of certain health information. The Company’s private cord blood bank operation is not subject to HIPAA because the Company does not engage in certain electronic transactions related to the reimbursement of healthcare providers and because blood and tissue procurement and banking activities are exempt. However, the healthcare providers that collect umbilical cord blood for the Company’s customers are subject to HIPAA. The identifiable information shared is only what is permitted by HIPAA. In 2009, a portion of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 modified HIPAA under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH Act”). While the Company is still not subject to HIPAA for the reasons stated above the Company may incur material expenses associated with compliance efforts. In addition, compliance may require management to spend substantial time and effort on compliance measures. If the Company fails to comply with HIPAA, it is possible it could suffer criminal and civil penalties. The civil penalties could include monetary penalties ranging from $100 per violation to $1.5 million depending on the level of violation.

Our failure to comply with laws related to hazardous materials could materially harm us.

We are subject to state and federal laws regulating the protection of employees who may be exposed to hazardous material and regulating the proper handling and disposal of that material. There are inherent risks in connection with the handling, storage, disposal, distribution, and/or use of the specimens. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply with the standards prescribed by federal, state and local regulation and regulations of foreign jurisdictions, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. Individuals who use or come in contact with the specimens may file claims related to their use and these claims could result in litigation that could be expensive to defend or result in judgements that exceed our resources and our insurance coverage. Any such litigations and judgement could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe we are in compliance with all applicable laws, a violation of such laws, or the future enactment of more stringent laws or regulations, could subject us to liability, or require us to incur costs that would have an adverse effect on us.

Risks Related to International Operations

Our international operations are subject to risk and we may not be able to successfully protect our intellectual property.

International licenses of our technology and services account for a portion of our income and our international growth may be limited if we are unable to successfully manage our international activities. We are subject to a number of challenges that relate to our international business activities. Our growth and future license income and return on investments from these sources will be impacted by these challenges, which include:

•

failure of local laws to provide the same degree of protection against infringement of our intellectual property rights;

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certain laws and business practices that could prevent our business from operating or favor local competitors, which could slow or limit our growth in international markets;

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entering into licensing agreements with organizations capable of undertaking and sustaining operations;

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the expense of entering into licensing and investment arrangements in new foreign markets;

•

changes in local political, economic, social, and labor conditions, which may adversely affect our business;

•

risks associated with trade restrictions and foreign import requirements, including the importation and exportation of our solutions, as well as changes in trade, tariffs, restrictions or requirements;

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heightened risks of unethical, unfair or corrupt business practices, actual or claimed, in certain geographies;

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fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which may make doing business with us less appealing as our contracts are generally denominated in U.S. dollars;

•

greater difficulty in enforcing contracts;

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lack of brand awareness that can make commercializing our products more difficult and expensive;

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management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural differences and geographic dispersion;

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the uncertainty and limitation of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

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potentially different pricing environments, longer payment cycles in some countries, increased credit risk, and higher levels of payment fraud;

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uncertainty regarding liability for products and services, including uncertainty as a result of local laws and lack of legal precedent;

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different employee/employer relationships, existence of workers’ councils and labor unions, and other challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences, making it harder to do business in certain jurisdictions; and

•

compliance with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations applicable to international operations may increase the cost of doing business in international jurisdictions. These numerous and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations include internal control and disclosure rules, data privacy requirements, research ethics and compliance laws, anti-corruption laws, and anti- competition regulations, among others. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries, and could also materially affect our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business, and our operating results.

The occurrence of any one of these risks could harm our international business and, consequently, our results of operations. Additionally, operating in international markets requires significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that the investment and additional resources required to operate in other countries will produce desired levels of revenue or profitability.

We are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), prohibits any U.S. individual or business from paying, offering, or authorizing payment or offering of anything of value, directly or indirectly, to any foreign official, political party or candidate for the purpose of influencing any act or decision of the foreign entity in order to assist the individual or business in obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with accounting provisions requiring the company to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the corporation, including international subsidiaries, and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. Activities that violate the FCPA, even if they occur wholly outside the United States, can result in criminal and civil fines, imprisonment, disgorgement, oversight, and debarment from government contracts

The Company’s business may be impacted by political events, international trade disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions.

Political events, international trade disputes, war, terrorism, natural disasters, public health issues, industrial accidents and other business interruptions, such as the current Ukrainian-Russian conflict could harm or disrupt international commerce and the global economy, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its customers, suppliers, cellular network carriers and other partners. International trade disputes could result in tariffs and other protectionist measures that could adversely affect the Company’s business.

The Ukrainian-Russian conflict has caused market volatility, a sharp increase in certain commodity prices, such as wheat and oil, and an increasing number and frequency of cybersecurity threats. So far, we have not experienced any direct impact from the conflict and, as our business is conducted primarily in the United States, we are probably less vulnerable than companies with international operations. Nevertheless, we will continue to monitor the situation carefully and, if necessary, take action to protect our business, operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to Information Technology

Our information systems are critical to our business, and a failure of those systems could materially harm us.

We depend on our ability to store, retrieve, process and manage a significant amount of information. If our information systems fail to perform as expected, or if we suffer an interruption, malfunction or loss of information processing capabilities, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.

If we experience a significant breach of data security or disruption in our information systems, our business could be adversely affected.

We rely on various information systems to manage our operations and to store information, including sensitive data such as confidential business information and personally identifiable information. These systems have been and continue to be vulnerable to interruption or malfunction, including due to events beyond our control, and to unauthorized access, computer hackers, ransomware, viruses, and other security problems. Failure of these systems or any significant breach of our data security could have an adverse effect on our business and may materially adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

Data security breaches could result in loss or misuse of information, which could, in turn, result in potential regulatory actions or litigation, including material claims for damages, compelled compliance with breach notification laws, interruption to our operations, damage to our reputation or could otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Companies throughout our industry have been increasingly subject to a wide variety of security incidents, cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to networks or sensitive information. While we have implemented and continue to implement cybersecurity safeguards and procedures, these safeguards have been vulnerable to attack. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to enhance our cybersecurity measures or to investigate or remediate any vulnerabilities or breaches.

Although we maintain insurance to protect ourselves in the event of a breach or disruption of certain of our information systems, we cannot ensure that the coverage is adequate to compensate for any damages that may be incurred.

Increasing use of social media could give rise to liability, breaches of data security, or reputational damage.

We and our employees are increasingly utilizing social media tools as a means of communication both internally and externally. Despite our efforts to monitor evolving social media communication guidelines and comply with applicable rules, there is risk that the use of social media by us or our employees to communicate about our products or business may cause us to be found in violation of applicable laws and regulations. In addition, our employees may knowingly or inadvertently make use of social media in ways that may not comply with our social media policy or other legal or contractual requirements, which may give rise to liability, lead to the loss of trade secrets or other intellectual property, or result in public exposure of personal information of our employees, clinical trial patients, customers, and others. Furthermore, negative posts or comments about us or our products in social media could seriously damage our reputation, brand image, and goodwill.

Some of our products contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software, technologies, products and services in a manner that could harm our business.

We use open source software in our products and anticipate using open source software in the future. The terms of many open source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that open source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our products or services. Additionally, we could face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software, which could include proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated products or services unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require us to expend significant additional research and development resources, and we cannot guarantee that we will be successful.

Additionally, the use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software. There is typically no support available for open source software, and we cannot ensure that the authors of such open source software will implement or push updates to address security risks or will not abandon further development and maintenance. Many of the risks associated with the use of open source software, such as the lack of warranties or assurances of title or performance, cannot be eliminated, and could, if not properly addressed, negatively affect our business. We have processes to help alleviate these risks, including a review process for screening requests from our developers for the use of open source software, but we cannot be sure that all open source software is identified or submitted for approval prior to use in our products. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on our product candidates throughout the world could be expensive. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and further may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. These products may compete with our products in jurisdictions where we do not have any issued patents and our patent claims or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from so competing. We do not have any registered patents. Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property from use by third parties, our ability to compete in the market will be harmed. There can be no assurance that we will not become subject to future patent infringement claims or litigation in a court of law, interference proceedings, or opposition to a patent granted in a foreign jurisdiction. The defense and prosecution of such intellectual property claims are costly, time-consuming, divert the attention of management and technical personnel and could result in substantial cost and uncertainty regarding our future viability. Future litigation or regulatory proceedings, which could result in substantial cost and uncertainty, may also be

necessary to enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights or to determine the scope and validity of other parties’ proprietary rights. Any public announcements related to such litigation or regulatory proceedings that we initiate, or that are initiated or threatened against us by our competitors, could adversely affect the price of our common stock. We also rely upon trade secrets, technical know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position, and we typically require our employees, consultants and advisors to execute confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreements in connection with their employment, consulting or advisory relationships. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will not be breached or that we will have adequate remedies for any breach. Failure to protect our intellectual property would limit our ability to produce and/or market our products in the future and would likely have an adverse effect on the revenues generated by the sale or license of such intellectual property.

We may become subject to third parties’ claims alleging infringement of their patents and proprietary rights, which could be costly, time consuming, and prevent the use of our technology solution.

We cannot assure you that third parties will not claim our current or future products or services infringe their intellectual property rights. Any such claims, with or without merit, could cause costly litigation that could consume significant management time. As the number of product and services offerings in our market increases and functionalities increasingly overlap, companies such as ours may become increasingly subject to infringement claims. These claims also might require us to enter into royalty or license agreements. If required, we may not be able to obtain such royalty or license agreements or obtain them on terms acceptable to us.

If our security measures are breached, or if our services are subject to attacks that degrade or deny the ability of users to access our platforms, our platforms and applications may be perceived as not being secure, customers and suppliers may curtail or stop using our services, and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure.

Our storage systems and the network infrastructure that are hosted by third-party providers involve the storage and transmission of healthcare data as well as proprietary information about organizations and programs, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, litigation, and potential liability. Our security measures may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, employee error, malfeasance, security flaws in the third-party hosting service that we rely upon, or any number of other reasons and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to our suppliers’ or customers’ data. Although we have never had any breach of data in our third-party provider’s environment, any future breach or unauthorized access could result in significant legal and financial exposure, damage to our reputation, and a loss of confidence in the security of our platforms and applications that could potentially have an adverse effect on our business. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures on a timely basis. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose suppliers and customers and we may have difficulty obtaining merchant processors or insurance coverage essential for our operations.

Risks Related to being a Public Company

We incur significant costs and demands as a result of operating as a public company.

We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses to meet our obligations as a publicly traded company. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE American and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Stockholder activism, the current political environment and the current high level of government intervention and regulatory reform may lead to substantial new regulations and disclosure obligations, which may lead to additional compliance costs and impact the manner in which we operate our business in ways that are not currently anticipated. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, these rules and regulations may make it difficult and expensive for us to maintain director and officer liability insurance coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as our executive officers, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and could cause our business or stock price to suffer.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may not be able to accurately report our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires, among other things, that we maintain effective internal controls for financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. We are required, under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment includes disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that results in more than a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act also requires, subject to an exemption for so long as we remain a “smaller reporting company,” an attestation from our independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements or insufficient disclosures due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations from investors, customers, and governments with respect to Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) policies and practices may cause us to incur additional costs or expose us to additional risks.

There has been increasing public focus and scrutiny from investors, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and customers on corporate ESG practices. Our ESG practices may not meet the standards of all of our stakeholders and advocacy groups may campaign for further changes. A failure, or perceived failure, to respond to expectations of all parties could cause harm to our business and reputation and have a negative impact on the market price of our securities. New government regulations could also result in new regulations and new or more stringent forms of ESG oversight and disclosures which may lead to increased expenditures for sustainability initiatives.

Our principal stockholders and management own a significant percentage of our stock and will be able to exert

significant control over matters subject to stockholder approval.

Based upon shares of common stock outstanding as of November 30, 2025, our executive officers, directors, 5% stockholders (known to us through publicly available information) and their affiliates beneficially owned approximately 47% of our voting stock. Therefore, these stockholders have the ability to substantially influence us through this ownership position. For example, these stockholders, if they choose to act together, may be able to influence the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, or approval of any merger, sale of assets, or other major corporate transaction. This concentration of voting power could delay or prevent an acquisition of our company on terms that other stockholders may desire.

We may become subject to securities class action litigation, which can be expensive, divert management attention, and, if resolved unfavorably, expose us to significant liabilities.

We may become subject to litigation in the future that could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s resources and attention. In addition, any adverse determination from future litigation could expose us to significant liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are a “smaller reporting company” and, as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that we have a public float of less than $250 million, have annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the value of our voting and nonvoting common stock held by non-affiliates on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter in that fiscal year is less than $700.0 million. As a “smaller reporting company,” we are subject to lesser disclosure obligations in our SEC filings compared to other issuers. Specifically, “smaller reporting companies” are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in their filings, are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in their SEC filings, including, among other things, only being required to provide two years of audited financial statements in annual reports. Decreased disclosures in our SEC filings due to our status as a “smaller reporting company” may make it harder for investors to analyze our operating results and financial prospects.

We are responsible for the indemnification of our officers and directors.

Should our officers and/or directors require us to contribute to their defense, we may be required to spend significant amounts of our capital. Our certificate of incorporation, as amended, and bylaws, as amended, also provide for the indemnification of our directors, officers, employees, and agents, under certain circumstances, against attorney’s fees and other expenses incurred by them in any litigation to which they become a party arising from their association with or activities on behalf of our company. This indemnification policy could result in substantial expenditures, which we may be unable to recoup. If these expenditures are significant or involve issues which result in significant liability for our key personnel, we may be unable to continue operating as a going concern.

Certain provision of our charter, bylaws and Delaware law may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that public stockholders might consider in their best interest.

Certain provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include provisions that:


	•		authorize the board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, blank-check preferred stock that, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that is not approved by the board of directors;


	•		establish advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations of directors and for stockholder proposals that can be acted on at stockholder meetings;


	•		limit who may call stockholder meetings;


	•		require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent;


	•		provide that the board may increase the size of our board of directors and authorize the board to fill any vacancies on our board of directors by a majority of directors then in office;


	•		authorize us to indemnify officers and directors against losses that they may incur in investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to us, which may include services in connection with takeover defense measures; and


	•		establish the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, unless the Corporation consents to an alternative forum, as the sole and exclusive forum for certain for any current or former shareholder (including a current or former beneficial owner) to bring any claim relating to an internal matter, other than as to any claim as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination). Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and

      
     state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or any other claim for which the federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction.

Delaware anti-takeover statute. We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:


	•		prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; or


	•		upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder, (1) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (2) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or at or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the “interested stockholder” and an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may discourage business combinations or other attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by our stockholders. The provisions of DGCL, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

Risk Management Strategy

We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

We have begun to conduct risk assessments at least annually to identify cybersecurity threats. These risk assessments include identifying reasonably foreseeable potential internal and external risks, the likelihood of occurrence and any potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, controls and other safeguards we have put in place to manage such risks. Our risk management process also encompasses cybersecurity risks associated with the use of our major third-party vendors and service providers. Following these risk assessments, we design, implement, and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize the identified risks; reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards; update existing safeguards as necessary; and monitor the effectiveness of our safeguards.

We believe we have allocated adequate resources related to our cybersecurity risk management processes and have designated our Chief Information Officer with the responsibility of managing the cybersecurity risk assessment and mitigation process with the oversight of the Chief Financial Officer responsible for the consolidated financial statements for the year ended November 30, 2025. As part of our overall risk management program, we provide cybersecurity training to employees in high-risk.

Governance

One of the key functions of our Board of Directors is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks arising from cybersecurity threats. Our Board of Directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our Board of Directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole.

Our Chief Information Officer is primarily responsible for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats on a day-to-day basis.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

On July 18, 2022, the Company completed the purchase of a 56,000 square foot facility located near the Research Triangle Park in the Regional Commerce Center in Durham, North Carolina. The Company transferred $2,240,000 from cash on hand and financed the remaining balance of $8,960,000 with a term loan from Susser Bank (see Note 4).

The Company entered into a ten-year lease in April 2004 for its 17,600-square foot cGMP/cGTP compliant corporate headquarters in Oldsmar, Florida. The lease effectively commenced during October 2004, and the Company moved into this facility in November 2004. This facility contains the Company’s executive offices, its conference and training center, its laboratory processing and cryogenic storage facility and its scientific offices. In July 2018, the Company extended this lease through December 31, 2021. On January 11, 2021, the Company extended this lease through December 31, 2024. On May 2, 2023, the Company extended this lease through December 31, 2026. On July 8, 2025, the Company extended this lease through December 31, 2027.

The Company entered into a one-year lease in July 2023 for an additional 800 square feet of office space in Miami, Florida for annual rent of approximately $48,000. The lease commenced during July 2023. On June 25, 2024, the Company entered into an extension of this lease for a two-year term for annual rent of approximately $53,000 commencing on July 1, 2024.

Rent charged to operations was $456,204 and $442,874 for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The future minimum rental payments under the current operating lease are as follows:


Fiscal Year Ending November 30,	Rent
2026	$	485,656
2027	$	457,513
2028	$	38,175

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

On January 6, 2023, a complaint styled Lindsey Lehr v. Cryo-Cell International, Inc., Case No. 50-2023-CA-000091, was filed in the Circuit Court for Palm Beach County, Florida, naming the Company as defendant and asserting claims on behalf of a putative class of individuals who entered agreements with the Company for umbilical cord blood storage services since May 2018. The complaint alleged that the Company’s advertising does not accurately represent the value and efficacy of its services and asserted claims (and sought unspecified damages) under Florida law. On March 14, 2023, the Company removed the case to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida (Case No. 9:23-cv-80405-AMC), and on March 21, 2023, moved to compel arbitration and stay the case. On October 10, 2023, the Court granted the Company’s motion to compel arbitration and stayed the case. On October 27, 2023, the plaintiff filed a demand for arbitration and statement of claims with the American Arbitration Association, and on January 18, 2024, the plaintiff filed an amended statement of claims dropping her class action

allegations against the Company. On March 19, 2024, the Company filed an answering statement and counterclaim in response to the plaintiff’s claims. On September 5, 2025, the plaintiff and the Company filed stipulations to dismissal of the American Arbitration Association proceeding, the United States District Court proceeding, and their respective claims with prejudice. The resolution of this matter did not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Company does not include an estimate of legal fees and other related defense costs in its estimate of loss contingencies.

On October 4, 2024, the Company filed a demand for arbitration (the “Arbitration Demand”) against Duke University with the American Arbitration Association alleging that Duke fraudulently induced the Company to enter its Patent and Technology License Agreement with Duke and that Duke breached the agreement on various occasions. The Arbitration Demand includes five counts against Duke, as follows: Count I – Breach of the Duke License Agreement; Count II – Breach of the Implied Contractual Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing; Count III – Fraudulent Inducement to Enter the Duke License Agreement; Count IV – Violation of North Carolina’s Unfair Trade Practices Act; and Count V – Unjust Enrichment. In connection therewith, the Company has requested an award in the Company’s favor and against Duke for damages in an amount to be proved at a final hearing, interest, attorneys’ fees, and arbitration fees and costs, along with all other relief to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity. On November 18, 2024, Duke responded to the Arbitration Demand and asserted counterclaims against the Company which Duke amended on March 24, 2025, for breach of the License Agreement and indemnity, seeking unspecified damages and related relief. On December 12, 2024, the Company filed an answering statement in response to Duke’s counterclaims. The Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. The Company believes Duke’s counterclaims are without merit and intends to contest them vigorously. A final hearing on the Company’s claims and Duke’s counterclaims is scheduled for April 2026. The Company believes that the resolution of the Duke counterclaims should not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated financial position or results of operations. It is possible, however, that there could be an unfavorable outcome or resolution of the claims asserted (inclusive of the claims the Company asserts against Duke and the counterclaims Duke asserts against the Company), which could negatively and materially impact the Company’s business, consolidated financial position and results of operations. Litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that the Company will prevail. As discussed further in Note 18, it is unlikely that the Company will be able to commercialize the rights licensed under the Duke License Agreement, treat patients using the rights and technologies licensed from Duke, spinoff Celle Corp. or otherwise obtain the benefits of the Duke License Agreement. Nor can there be any assurances the Company will open the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies. The Company does not include an estimate of legal fees and other related defense costs in its estimate of loss contingencies. See “Note 18” and "Risk Factors" for additional information regarding Duke.

In addition to the above lawsuit, from time to time, the Company is subject to proceedings, lawsuits, contract disputes and other claims in the normal course of its business.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

The Company's common stock is quoted on the NYSE American LLC under the symbol “CCEL”. The last price of our common stock as reported on the NYSE American on February 20, 2026 was $3.36 per share. As of November 30, 2025, the Company had 134 shareholders of record, and management believes there are approximately 1,200 additional beneficial holders of the Company’s common stock.

On October 29, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to be paid to its stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 29, 2024. The total paid by the Company was $2,020,539. The dividend was funded by a revolving line of credit from Susser Bank (see Note 4).

On January 24, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.25 per share of common stock to be paid to its stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 28, 2025.

On May 7, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.15 per share of common stock that was paid to its stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 21, 2025. The dividend was paid on May 30, 2025.

Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Stock Repurchases in the Fourth Quarter

There were no purchases of the Company's common stock during the three months ended November 30, 2025.

The following table sets forth as of November 30, 2025, the Company’s equity compensation plans approved by shareholders. At such date the Company had no equity compensation plans that had not been approved by shareholders.


Equity Compensation plans approved by stockholders	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants, rights and issued restricted shares		Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column)
Cryo-Cell International, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan		7,500	$	3.10		—
Cryo-Cell International, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan		188,578	$	8.09		—
Cryo-Cell International, Inc. 2022 Stock Incentive Plan		833,900	$	8.99		611,100
Total		1,029,978	$	8.78		611,100

ITEM 6. RESERVED.

Not applicable.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the two years ended November 30, 2025, should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes as well as other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Form 10-K press releases and certain information provided periodically in writing or orally by the Company's officers or its agents may contain statements which constitute "forward‑looking statements". The terms "Cryo-Cell International, Inc.," "Cryo-Cell," "Company," "we," "our" and "us" refer to Cryo-Cell International, Inc. The words "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "goal," "strategy," "plan," "intend," "estimate" and similar expressions and variations thereof, if used, are intended to specifically identify forward‑looking statements. Those statements appear in a number of places in this Form 10-K and in other places, and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of the Company, its directors or its officers with respect to, among other things:

our future performance and operating results;

our future operating plans;

our liquidity and capital resources; and

our financial condition, accounting policies and management judgments.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and reflect only our current views, expectations and assumptions with respect to future events and our future performance. If risks or uncertainties materialize or assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or events could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The factors that might cause such differences include, among others:

the complexities, uncertainties, required consents and timing related to the potential spinoff of Celle Corp.,

any adverse effect or limitations caused by recent increases in government regulation of stem cell storage facilities;

any increased competition in our business including increasing competition from public cord blood banks particularly in overseas markets but also in the U.S.;

any decrease or slowdown in the number of people seeking to store umbilical cord blood stem cells or decrease in the number of people paying annual storage fees;

any adverse impacts on revenue or operating margins due to the costs associated with increased growth in our business, including the possibility of unanticipated costs relating to the operation of our facility and costs relating to the commercial launch of new types of stem cells;

any unique risks posed by our international activities, including but not limited to local business laws or practices that diminish our affiliates’ ability to effectively compete in their local markets;

any technological or medical breakthroughs that would render our business of stem cell preservation obsolete;

any material failure or malfunction in our storage facilities; or any natural disaster or act of terrorism that adversely affects stored specimens;

any adverse results to our prospects, financial condition or reputation arising from any material failure or compromise of our information systems;

the costs associated with defending or prosecuting litigation matters, particularly including litigation related to intellectual property, and any material adverse result from such matters;

the success of our licensing agreements and their ability to provide us with royalty fees;

any difficulties and increased expense in enforcing our international licensing agreements;

any adverse performance by or relations with any of our licensees;

any inability to enter into new licensing arrangements including arrangements with non-refundable upfront fees;

any inability to realize cost savings as a result of recent acquisitions;

any inability to realize a return on an investment;

any adverse impact on our revenues and operating margins as a result of discounting of our services in order to generate new business in tough economic times where consumers are selective with discretionary spending;

the success of our global expansion initiatives and product diversification;

our actual future ownership stake in future therapies emerging from our collaborative research partnerships;

our ability to minimize our future costs related to R&D initiatives and collaborations and the success of such initiatives and collaborations;

any inability to successfully identify and consummate strategic acquisitions;

any inability to realize benefits from any strategic acquisitions;

the Company’s ability to realize a profit on the acquisition of PrepaCyte-CB;

the Company's actual future competitive position in stem cell innovation;

future success of its core business and the competitive impact of public cord blood banking on the Company’s business;

the success of the Company’s initiative to expand its core business units to include biopharmaceutical manufacturing and operating clinics, the uncertainty of profitability from its biopharmaceutical manufacturing and operating clinics, the Company’s ability to minimize future costs to the Company related to R&D initiatives and collaborations and the success of such initiatives and collaborations,

aa.

the success of the Company's initiative with a new facility and expand the Company's cryopreservation and cold storage business by introducing a new service, ExtraVault,

bb.

the expense, timing and uncertain results of clinical trials related to the Duke Agreement,

cc.

the Company's ability to commercialize the rights licensed under the Duke License Agreement, treat patients using the rights and technologies licensed from Duke or otherwise obtaining the benefits of the Duke License Agreement,

dd.

the outcome of the Company's Arbitration Demand against Duke, and

ee.

the other risk factors set forth in this Report under the heading "Risk Factors."

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date hereof. Cryo-Cell International, Inc. undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described in other documents the Company files from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Overview

The Company currently stores over 250,000 cord blood and cord tissue specimens for the exclusive benefit of newborn babies and possibly other members of their families. Founded in 1989, the Company was the world’s first private cord blood bank to separate and store stem cells in 1992. The Company’s U.S.-based business operations, including the processing and storage of specimens, are handled from its headquarters facility in Oldsmar, Florida.

Utilizing its infrastructure, experience and resources derived from its umbilical cord blood stem cell business, the Company has expanded its research and development activities to develop technologies related to stem cells harvested from sources beyond umbilical cord blood stem cells. In 2011, the Company introduced its new cord tissue service, which stores a section of the umbilical cord tissue. The Company offers the cord tissue service in combination with the umbilical cord blood service.

grants the Company certain rights to proprietary processes and regulatory data related to cord blood and cord tissue developed at Duke. Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company had anticipated, either directly or through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Celle Corp., exploring, testing, and administering treatments to patients for which there are limited U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved therapies, including cerebral palsy and autism. These treatments were expected to utilize the unique immunomodulatory and potential regenerative properties derived from cord blood and cord tissue. Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company intended to develop three business units, namely: (1) its cord blood bank and other storage services (its historical business); (2) cord blood and cord tissue infusion clinic services initially under the FDA’s Expanded Access Program and in conjunction with the undertaking of cord blood and cord tissue clinical trials to obtain biologics license application (“BLA”) approvals for new indications, and (3) biopharmaceutical manufacturing if BLA(s) were approved by the FDA. Additionally, to support such business expansion, the Company had anticipated opening and launching the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies, which it initially hoped to open as early as the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, but no later than the first quarter of fiscal 2022 (and more recently reported as anticipated to open during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024). As discussed further in Notes 12 and 18, the Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. As of the date hereof, it is unlikely that the Company will be able to expand its business into business units (2) and (3) above through the Duke License Agreement.

Until the Duke dispute is resolved, the Company does not anticipate making further investments in activities related to the Duke License Agreement. The opening of the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies is also on pause and the Company can make no assurances as to when or if it will be opened. Additionally, the proposed spinoff of Celle Corp. is also on hold and may not take place depending on the final outcome of the Duke dispute. See, “Risk Factors” and Notes 12 and 18 for additional information regarding Duke.

During fiscal 2023, the Company recognized that there were indications of impairment of the assets associated with the Duke License Agreement. The Company evaluated the triggering events that existed as of November 30, 2023, tested the asset group for recoverability and measured the long-lived asset impairment. As a result, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the full carrying value of $13,108,064.

Corporate Information

We are a Delaware corporation that was incorporated in 1989. Our executive offices are located at 700 Brooker Creek Blvd, Suite 1800, Oldsmar, Florida 34677 and our telephone number at such office is (813) 749-2100. Our website address is https://www.cryo-cell.com. Information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Consistent with its fiduciary duties, the board of directors and management has reviewed and will continue to review strategic options and opportunities for the Company, in order to maximize shareholder value. These options may include, but are not limited to, strategic mergers or acquisitions, investments in other public and/or private companies, repurchases of the Company's common stock or RSA interests. These options may or may not be related to the Company’s current business. In order to undertake any of the aforementioned activities, the Company may take on substantial debt or equity capital which could increase the risk of investment in the Company.

Results of Operations

Revenue. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025, the Company had revenue of $31,566,321 compared to $31,986,106 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2024, a decrease of 1% as a result of the reasons discussed below.

Processing and Storage Fees. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025, processing and storage fees were $31,382,704 compared to $31,551,550 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2024. Processing and storage fee revenue is attributable to a 3% increase in recurring annual storage fee revenue offset by a 12% decrease in the number of new domestic cord blood specimens processed in fiscal year 2025 to fiscal year 2024.

Product Revenue. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2025, revenue from the product sales was $54,104 compared to $67,884 for the twelve months ended November 30, 2024.

Public Cord Blood Banking Revenue. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2025, revenue from the public cord blood banking sales was $129,513 compared to $366,672 for the twelve months ended November 30, 2024.

Cost of Sales. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025, cost of sales was $7,376,648 as compared to $7,947,752 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2024, representing a 7% decrease. Cost of sales includes wages and supplies associated with process enhancements to the existing production procedures and quality systems in the processing of cord blood specimens at the Company’s facility in Oldsmar, Florida and depreciation expense of $133,975 for the year ended November 30, 2025 compared to $118,859 for the 2024 period. Also, included in Cost of Sales is $23,280 and $45,082 related to the costs associated with production of the PrepaCyte CB processing and storage system for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively. Also included in Cost of Sales is $714,182 and $1,012,788 related to public cord blood banking for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in cost of sales for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 versus November 30, 2024 is due to the decrease in the number of new domestic cord blood specimens processed during the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 versus November 30, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025 were $18,220,708 as compared to $18,524,012 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2024 representing an 2% decrease. These expenses are primarily comprised of selling and marketing expenses, salaries and wages for personnel and professional fees.

Research, Development and Related Engineering Expenses. Research, development and related engineering expenses for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025, were $376,263 as compared to $1,242,536 in 2024.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization (not included in Cost of Sales) for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025 was $751,474 compared to $483,522 for fiscal 2024. The increase is due to the Company's building in Durham, NC being placed into service during the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

Impairment of Public Inventory. The impairment of public inventory for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 was $4,358,834 compared to $0 for the 2024 period. Due to changes in sales trends and estimated recoverability of cost capitalized into inventory, an impairment charge of $4,358,834 and $0 was recognized during the fourth quarter of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively, to reduce inventory from cost to net realizable value.

Impairment of investment – Tianhe stock. The impairment of investment – Tianhe stock for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 was $0 compared to $308,000 for the same period in 2024. In accordance with the Asset Purchase Agreement between Cryo-Cell and Cord:Use dated June 11, 2018, Cryo-Cell acquired Cord:Use’s shares of common stock of Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies, Inc., an Illinois corporation, engaged in medical and life science research that involves the use of stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood units in clinical trials for humans. The Tianhe stock investment value is based on fair value. Due to the lack of activity and lack of any profits, the Company believes that the investment is fully impaired.

Interest Expense. Interest expense during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025 was $2,066,256 compared to $1,864,684 in fiscal 2024, of which $927,605 and $532,188, respectively, related to the credit and subordination agreements with Texas Capital Bank, National Association and Susser Bank as described in Note 4. Interest Expense is also comprised of $1,129,545 and $1,326,766 as of the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively, for amounts due to the parties to the Company’s revenue sharing agreements based on the Company’s storage revenue collected. During fiscal 2024, the Company capitalized $409,307 of interest related to the construction of the Company's facility in North Carolina.

Gain on Interest Rate Swap. Gain on the change in the fair value of a derivative for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2025 was $0 versus $105,887 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2024. The fair value is based on prevailing market data and derived from proprietary models based on well recognized financial principles and reasonable estimates about relevant future market conditions.

Income Taxes. U.S. income tax expense for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 was $92,232 compared to $2,402,026 for the twelve months ended November 30, 2024. $1,314,454 of the income tax expense for the twelve months ended November 30, 2024, is attributable to the impact of the state of Florida revenue apportionment methodology change. The change decreased the value of the Company's deferred tax asset by $1,314,454 resulting in an increase of income tax expense on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations as of November 30, 2024.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets depends upon generating sufficient future taxable income prior to the expiration of the tax attributes. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we must project future levels of taxable income. This assessment requires significant judgment. We examine the evidence related to the recent history of tax losses, the economic conditions in which we operate and our forecasts and projections to make that determination.

There was approximately $4,595,000 and $2,717,000 of U.S. income taxes paid for fiscal years ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On July 18, 2022, Cryo-Cell International, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Susser Bank, a Texas state bank (“Susser”), as administrative agent on behalf of itself and the other lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement was amended on July 29, 2022, and provided for (i) an unsecured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $10,000,000 (the “RCF”), and (ii) a term loan facility in an original principal amount of $8,960,000 (the “Term Loan,” and together with the RCF, the “Loans”).

In connection with the RCF, the Company executed a Revolving Credit Note in favor of Susser in the stated principal amount of $10,000,000 (the “RCF Note”). In connection with the Term Loan, the Company executed a Term Note in favor of Susser in the stated principal amount of $8,960,000 (the “Term Note,” and together with the RCF Note, the “Notes”).

The Loans bear interest, at the Company’s option, at either (a) a base rate equal to the highest of (i) the U.S. Prime Rate as published by The Wall Street Journal, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (iii) the Monthly SOFR rate plus 1.00% (in each case, subject to a floor of 5.50%), plus 4.25%, or (b) the Monthly SOFR rate plus 3.25% (subject to a floor of 4.50%).

The RCF originally matured on July 18, 2025 and was extended by Susser on July 15, 2025 to October 18, 2025. The Term Note originally matures on July 18, 2032.

On October 18, 2025, the Company and Susser entered into a Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Celle Corp., became a guarantor under the Credit Agreement and executed a Security Agreement for the benefit of the Lenders. The Amendment extended the maturity date of the RCF Note to October 18, 2027 and extended the maturity date of the Term Note to July 29, 2032. In addition, the revolving credit commitment was reduced from $10,000,000 to $8,000,000. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Applicable Margin was revised as follows: (i) Term Loans bearing interest at the Base Rate are subject to a margin of 4.25% per annum; (ii) Revolving Credit Loans bearing interest at the Base Rate are subject to a margin of 3.75% per annum; (iii) Term Loans bearing interest at the Monthly SOFR rate are subject to a margin of 3.25% per annum; and (iv) Revolving Credit Loans bearing interest at the Monthly SOFR rate are subject to a margin of 2.75% per annum. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.25% per annum applies to the revolving credit commitments.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk related to its variable rate debt obligation under the Term Note. On March 27, 2023, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with Susser to manage exposure to interest rate risk related to its variable rate debt obligation under the Term Note. The swap agreement had a notional amount equal to the Term Loan. The agreement is to pay the Company monthly SOFR plus 3.25% on the notional amount and the Company is to pay a fixed rate of interest equal to 6.96%. The effective date of the amended term loan was March 27, 2023 with a maturity date of July 29, 2032. On April 15, 2024, the Company terminated the interest rate swap agreement and recorded proceeds of $228,000.

Prior to the loans, the Company’s principal source of cash has been from sales of its umbilical cord blood program to customers and royalties from licensees.

At November 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $319,031 as compared to $560,960 at November 30, 2024. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to the following:

•

Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2025 was $5,478,606 which was attributable to the Company’s operating activities.

•

Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2024 was $6,010,910 which was attributable to the Company’s operating activities.

•

Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2025 was $975,332 which was primarily attributable to $230,475 used to purchase equipment and $3,647,764 used to purchase marketable securities, which was offset by the sale of marketable securities in the amount of $2,787,907 and $115,000 from the sale of equipment.

•

Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2024 was $4,876,899 which was primarily attributable to $2,403,708 used to purchase equipment, $1,200,000 used as part of the Patent and Technology License Agreement with Duke (See Note 18), and $2,891,423 for the purchase of marketable securities, which was offset by the sale of marketable securities in the amount of $1,516,359.

•

Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2025 was $4,745,203 which was primarily attributable to the payments of $10,167,575 to partially repay the Susser Bank note payable and revolving line of credit described above, $169,502 used to repurchase the Company's common stock, and $3,231,227 used to pay cash dividends of $0.15 and $0.25 per share of common stock to the Company's shareholders of record on May 21, 2025 and February 14, 2025, respectively. The dividends were paid on May 30, 2025 and February 28, 2025, respectively. These payments were partially offset by the proceeds received from the line of credit with Susser Bank described above in the amount of $8,800,000 and proceeds of $23,101 from the exercise of stock options.

•

Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2024 was $979,118 which was primarily attributable to the payments of $136,382 to partially repay the Susser Bank notes payable described above, $1,423,871 used to repurchase the Company's common stock, and $2,922,728 to repay the RCF which was partially offset by the receipt of $5,220,000 received per a RCF from Susser Bank described above.

The Company has a revolving line of credit, described above. The balance as of November 30, 2025 is $2,300,000 and is reflected on the accompanying balance sheet.

The Company anticipates making discretionary capital expenditures of approximately $1,000,000 over the next twelve months for purchases of equipment and software enhancements. The Company anticipates funding equipment purchases and software enhancements with cash-on-hand, cash flows from future operations, the Company’s revolving line of credit (see Note 4) and potential additional debt financing. The Company transferred the Duke License Agreement to Celle Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary, and had intended to transfer the assets related to the Patent and Technology License Agreement with Duke University and certain other assets into Celle Corp. to provide more financial flexibility to fund future projects. The Company was exploring spinning off this subsidiary to the Company’s shareholders.

As previously disclosed, the Company entered into a Patent and Technology License Agreement dated effective as of February 23, 2021 (as amended, the "Duke License Agreement") with Duke University (“Duke”). Through the Duke License Agreement, the Company had anticipated, either directly or through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Celle Corp., exploring, testing, and administering treatments to patients for which there are limited U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved therapies, including cerebral palsy and autism. In connection therewith, the Company had anticipated requiring capital to pay for the startup expenses relating to its planned infusion clinic, to finance clinical trials related to the Duke License Agreement, to develop biopharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities and for capital expenditures for software enhancements and purchases of equipment and obligations under the Duke License Agreement. Specifically, the Company had previously anticipated that over $50 million would be needed over the next 5 years to fund its activities related to the Duke License Agreement.

However, on October 4, 2024, the Company filed a demand for arbitration (the “Arbitration Demand”) against Duke with the American Arbitration Association. Among other things, the Company alleges in the Arbitration Demand that Duke fraudulently induced Cryo-Cell to enter the Duke License Agreement and further breached the agreement on various occasions. In connection therewith, the Company has requested an award in the Company’s favor and against Duke for damages in an amount to be proved at a final hearing, interest, attorneys’ fees, and arbitration fees and costs, along with all other relief to which the Company is entitled at law or in equity. The Company has notified Duke that it believes such damages exceed $100 million.

unspecified damages and related relief. On December 12, 2024, the Company filed an answering statement in response to Duke’s counterclaims.

As a result of the Company’s Arbitration Demand against Duke, the Company currently is unable to predict its funding needs for activities related to the Duke License Agreement. Until the Duke dispute is resolved, the Company does not anticipate making further investments in activities related to the Duke License Agreement. As discussed further in Note 18, the Company has received from Duke a notice of termination of the License Agreement as of May 17, 2025. The opening of the Cryo-Cell Institute for Cellular Therapies is also on pause and the Company can make no assurances as to when or if it will be opened. Additionally, the proposed spinoff of Celle Corp. is also on hold and may not take place depending on the final outcome of the Duke dispute. See “Risk Factors” and Note 18 for additional information regarding Duke.

The Company anticipates that its cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash flows from operation, together with external sources of capital will be sufficient to fund its known cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, cash flows from operations will depend primarily upon increasing revenues from sales of its umbilical cord blood and cord tissue cellular storage services and managing discretionary expenses. Additionally, depending in part on the outcome of the Duke Arbitration Demand, the Company may require capital to pay for the startup expenses relating to its planned infusion clinic, to finance clinical trials related to the Duke License Agreement, to develop biopharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities and for capital expenditures for software enhancements and purchases of equipment and obligations under the Duke License Agreement. While we previously anticipated that over $50 million would be needed over the next 5 years to fund its activities related to the Duke License Agreement, as result of the Company’s Arbitration Demand against Duke, as discussed further in Note 18 the Company currently is unable to predict its funding needs for those activities. Until the Duke dispute is resolved, the Company does not anticipate making further investments in activities related to the Duke License Agreement. However, if required to continue to invest in the Duke License Agreement, the Company anticipates funding the related capital expenditures with cash-on-hand, cash flows from future operations, the Company’s revolving line of credit (see Note 4), potential additional debt financing and potential equity sales. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to obtain such additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms or at all. If expected increases in revenues are not realized, or if expenses are higher than anticipated, or if the Company is unable to obtain additional financing, the Company will be required to reduce or defer cash expenditures or otherwise manage its cash resources during the next 12 months so that they are sufficient to meet the Company’s cash needs for that period. Any reductions in expenditures, if necessary, may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business operations, including sales activities and the development of new services and technology.

See "Note 18" and "Risk Factors".

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The SEC has defined a company’s critical accounting policies as the ones that are most important to the portrayal of the company’s financial condition and results of operations, and which require the company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable under the circumstances; however, actual results may vary from these estimates and assumptions. We have identified the following critical accounting policies that affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. For further discussion of the Company’s significant and critical accounting policies, refer to Note 1 – “Description of Business and Summary of Critical and Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this document.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments. ASC 606 also impacts certain other areas, such as the accounting for costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASC 606 also requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company is required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs consisting primarily of commissions paid when contracts are signed and amortize these costs on a systematic basis, consistent with the pattern of transfer of the storage services provided over time for which the asset relates.

Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised services are transferred to the customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring services to a customer ("transaction price").

At contract inception, if the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company evaluates its contracts with customers using the five-step model: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. The Company evaluates its contracts for legal enforceability at contract inception and subsequently throughout the Company’s relationship with its customers. If legal enforceability with regards to the rights and obligations exist for both the Company and the customer, then the Company has an enforceable contract and revenue recognition is permitted subject to the satisfaction of the other criteria. If, at the outset of an arrangement, the Company determines that a contract with enforceable rights and obligations does not exist, revenues are deferred until all criteria for an enforceable contract are met. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that collection of the consideration that the Company is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services being transferred to the customer, will occur.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is “more likely than not” that all future income tax benefits will be realized. When the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred income tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. The ultimate realization of the Company’s deferred income tax assets depends upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the tax attributes. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company projects future levels of taxable income. This assessment requires significant judgment. The Company examines the evidence related to the recent history of losses, the economic conditions in which the Company operates and forecasts and projections to make that determination.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the realizability of its long-lived assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment, such as reductions in demand or when significant economic slowdowns are present. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying value of an asset is impaired, based on comparisons to undiscounted expected future cash flows. If this comparison indicates that there is impairment and carrying value is in excess of fair value, the impaired asset is written down to fair value, which is typically calculated using: (i) quoted market prices or (ii) discounted expected future cash flows utilizing a discount rate. The Company did not note any impairment for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the assets acquired from Cord:Use over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable assets acquired. The annual assessment of the reporting unit is performed as of September 1st, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. The Company first performs a qualitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment and concludes if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the qualitative assessment concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, the goodwill impairment test is not required. If the qualitative assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, then the goodwill impairment test is required. The impairment assessment compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value and if the fair value exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to the carrying value of goodwill.

If the implied fair value exceeds the carrying value then goodwill is not impaired; otherwise, an impairment loss would be recorded by the amount the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value.

Stock Compensation

As of November 30, 2025, the Company has three stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the fair value of the related awards. Under the fair value recognition guidance of stock-based compensation accounting rules, stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of service-based vesting condition and performance-based vesting condition stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For stock option awards with only service-based vesting conditions and graded vesting features, the Company recognizes stock compensation expense based on the graded-vesting method. To value awards with market-based vesting conditions the Company uses a binomial valuation model. The Company recognizes compensation cost for awards with market-based vesting conditions on a graded-vesting basis over the derived service period calculated by the binomial valuation model. The use of these valuation models involves assumptions that are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense and include the expected life of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, exercise price, and forfeiture rate. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of valuation and reduce expense ratably over the vesting period.

The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period they become known. The Company considered many factors when estimating forfeitures, including the recipient groups and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from current estimates.

The Company issues performance-based equity awards which vest upon the achievement of certain financial performance goals, including revenue and income targets. Determining the appropriate amount to expense based on the anticipated achievement of the stated goals requires judgment, including forecasting future financial results. The estimate of the timing of the expense recognition is revised periodically based on the probability of achieving the required performance targets and adjustments are made as appropriate. The cumulative impact of any revision is reflected in the period of the change. If the financial performance goals are not met, the award does not vest, so no compensation cost is recognized and any previously stock-recognized stock-based compensation expense is reversed.

The Company issues equity awards with market-based vesting conditions which vest upon the achievement of certain stock price targets. If the awards are forfeited prior to the completion of the derived service period, any recognized compensation is reversed. If the awards are forfeited after the completion of the derived service period, the compensation cost is not reversed, even if the awards never vest.

On April 8, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”) to provide incentive compensation to the Company’s employees, independent directors and independent contractors. The plan was approved at the Company’s 2022 Annual Meeting. The 2022 Plan reserves 1,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for issuance pursuant to stock options, restricted stock, SARs, and other stock awards (i.e., performance shares and performance units).

License and Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into licensing agreements with certain investors in various international markets in an attempt to capitalize on the Company’s technology. The investors typically pay a licensing fee to receive Company marketing programs, technology and know-how in a selected area. The investor may be given a right to sell sub-license agreements as well. As part of the accounting for the up-front license revenue, revenue from the up-front license fee is recognized based on such factors as when the payment is due, collectability and when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed based on the terms of the agreement. The following areas each have one license agreement: El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras and Pakistan. The following areas each have two license agreements: India, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The Company is in the process of discussing a new agreement for Venezuela. In the future, if the Company loses revenue due to lack of payment from the foreign affiliates or the foreign affiliates are closed, the Company’s overall revenue will decrease.

In addition to the license fee, the Company earns a royalty on processing and storage fees on subsequent processing and storage revenues received by the licensee in the licensed territory and a fee on any sub-license agreements that are sold by the licensee where applicable. The Company processes and stores specimens sent directly from customers of licensees in El Salvador, Guatemala, Ecuador, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Pakistan and Venezuela. These fees are included in processing and storage fees revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company periodically reviews license and royalty receivables for collectability and, if necessary, will record an expense for an allowance for uncollectible accounts. If the financial condition of the Company’s sub-licensees were to deteriorate beyond the estimates, the Company may have to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts which could have a negative impact on earnings. If the licensee’s customer base were to decrease, it would negatively impact the Company’s ongoing license income.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of uncollateralized amounts due from clients that have enrolled and processed in the umbilical cord blood stem cell processing and storage programs and amounts due from license affiliates, and sublicensee territories. Accounts receivable are due within 30 days and are stated at amounts net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, and the client’s current ability to pay its obligations. Therefore, if the financial condition of the Company’s clients were to deteriorate beyond the estimates, the Company may have to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts which could have a negative impact on earnings. The Company writes-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventories

As part of the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company has an agreement with Duke University (“Duke”) for Duke to receive, process, and store cord blood units for the Public Cord Blood Bank (“Duke Services”). As of November 30, 2025, the Company had approximately 6,000 cord blood units in inventory. These units are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs include the cost of collecting, transporting, processing and storing the unit. Costs charged by Duke for their Duke Services are based on a monthly fixed fee for processing and storing 36 blood units per year. The Company computes the cost per unit for these Duke Services and capitalizes the unit cost on all blood units shipped and stored in a year at Duke. If the Company ships and stores less than 36 blood units with Duke in a one-year period, a portion of these fixed costs are expensed and included in facility operating costs. Certain costs of collection incurred, such as the cost of collection staff and transportation costs incurred to ship Public Bank units from hospitals to the stem cell laboratory are allocated to banked units based on an average cost method. The change in the number of expected units to be sold could have a significant impact on the estimated net realizable value of banked units which could have a material effect on the value of the inventory. Costs incurred related to cord blood units that cannot be sold are expensed in the period incurred and are included in facility operating costs in the accompanying statements of operations. The Company records a reserve against inventory for units which have been processed and frozen but may not ultimately become distributable (see Note 2). Due to changes in sales trends and estimated recoverability of cost capitalized into inventory, an impairment charge of $4,358,834 and $0 was recognized during the fourth quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively, to reduce inventory from cost to net realizable value.

Patents and Trademarks

The Company incurs certain legal and related costs in connection with patent and trademark applications. If a future economic benefit is anticipated from the resulting patent or trademark or an alternate future use is available to the Company, such costs are capitalized and amortized over the expected life of the patent or trademark. The Company’s assessment of future economic benefit involves considerable management judgment. A different conclusion could result in the reduction of the carrying value of these assets.

Revenue Sharing Agreements

The Company has entered into Revenue Sharing Agreements (“RSAs”) with various parties whereby these parties contracted with the Company for a percentage of future storage revenues the Company generates and collects from clients in specific geographical areas. The RSAs have no definitive term or termination provisions. The sharing applies to the storage fees collected for all specified specimens in the area up to the number covered in the contract. When the number of specimens is filled, any additional specimens stored in that area are not subject to revenue sharing. As empty spaces result from attrition over time, the Company agrees to fill them as soon as possible. The parties

typically pay the Company a non-refundable up-front fee for the rights to these future payments. The Company recognized these non-refundable fees as a long-term liability. Given the criteria under which these RSAs are established, cash flows related to these contracts can fluctuate from period to period. All payments made to the other parties to the RSAs are recognized as interest expense. At such time as the total payments can be determined, the Company will commence amortizing these liabilities under the effective interest method. The Company does not intend to enter into additional RSAs.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable, as the Company is a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

The consolidated financial statements and supplementary data listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements are attached as part of this report.

The following consolidated financial statements of Cryo-Cell International, Inc. are included in Item 8:


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	42

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2025 and 2024	44

Consolidated Statements of Operations For the Fiscal Years Ended November 30, 2025 and 2024	45

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Fiscal Years Ended November 30, 2025 and 2024	46

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit For the Fiscal Years Ended November 30, 2025 and 2024	47

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	48

All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions, are already included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included under this Item 8 or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.

     
     7000 Central Parkway NE		404.420.5691
Suite 1000			wipfli.com
Atlanta, GA 30328

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cryo-Cell International, Inc.

Oldsmar, Florida

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cryo-Cell International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”), as of November 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of November 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

"Wipfli" is the brand name under which Wipfli LLP and Wipfli Advisory LLC and its respective subsidiary entities provide professional services. Wipfli LLP and Wipfli

Advisory LLC (and its respective subsidiary entities) practice in an alternative practice structure in accordance with the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct and applicable law, regulations, and professional standards. Wipfli LLP is a licensed independent CPA firm that provides attest services to its clients, and Wipfli Advisory LLC provides tax and business consulting services to its clients. Wipfli Advisory LLC and its subsidiary entities are not licensed CPA firms.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Estimate of Public Inventory Valuation

As described in Notes 1 and 2 to the financial statements, the Company’s inventory of finished goods related to public inventory totaled $803,274.

Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Management periodically evaluates the carrying value of public inventories in relation to the forecasts of demand and sales trends. When sales trends indicate cost capitalized into public inventories will not be recoverable, an impairment is recorded for excess inventories. Changes in assumptions of demand could have a significant impact on the amount of impairment recorded. An impairment charge of $4,358,834 was made during the year.

Given the inherent uncertainty in forecasting demand, auditing the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.

Our procedures related to management’s forecasts of demand used to record a potential impairment for excess inventories included the following, among others:

•

We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast product demand by comparing actual results to management’s historical estimates.

•

We tested the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculations.

•

Performed corroborative inquiries with the personnel responsible for sales forecasting to evaluate the reasonableness of the demand forecasts.

/s/ Wipfli LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2016.

Atlanta, Georgia

February 27, 2026

CRYO-CELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



	November 30,			November 30,
	2025			2024
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	319,031		$	560,960
Marketable securities		2,977,013			2,935,183
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for
doubtful accounts of $4,306,410 and $4,266,405, respectively)		6,846,180			7,309,094
Prepaid expenses		573,218			637,055
Inventory, current portion		408,794			657,703
Other current assets		633,985			454,598
Total current assets		11,758,221			12,554,593
Property and Equipment-net		21,034,372			21,894,263
Other Assets
Intangible assets, net		863,074			921,254
Inventory, net of current portion		776,000			4,942,115
Goodwill		1,941,411			1,941,411
Deferred tax assets		23,620,711			20,802,023
Operating lease right-of-use asset		819,626			806,339
Deposits and other assets, net		915,099			815,635
Total other assets		28,935,921			30,228,777
Total assets	$	61,728,514		$	64,677,633
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	2,870,771		$	1,882,274
Accrued expenses		4,278,027			5,809,872
Note payable		183,650			170,488
Line of credit		2,300,000			3,520,000
Current portion of operating lease liability		430,221			428,334
Deferred revenue		9,730,318			9,788,574
Total current liabilities		19,792,987			21,599,542

Other Liabilities
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		50,974,678			46,556,990
Note payable, net of current portion and debt issuance costs		8,170,130			8,310,045
Operating lease long-term liability		474,628			505,053
Long-term liability - revenue sharing agreements		875,000			875,000
Other liabilities		47,020			47,020
Total other liabilities		60,541,456			56,294,108
Total liabilities		80,334,443			77,893,650

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)		—			—

Stockholders' Deficit
Preferred stock ($.01 par value, 500,000 authorized and none issued and outstanding)		—			—
Series A Junior participating preferred stock ($.01 par value, 20,000 authorized and none issued and outstanding)		—			—
Common stock ($.01 par value, 20,000,000 authorized; 14,877,119 issued and 8,055,150 outstanding as of November 30, 2025 and 14,869,619 issued and 8,082,159 outstanding as of November 30, 2024)		148,771			148,696
Additional paid-in capital		44,708,596			44,268,469
Treasury stock, at cost		(25,025,058	)		(24,855,556	)
Accumulated deficit		(38,438,238	)		(32,777,626	)
Total stockholders' deficit		(18,605,929	)		(13,216,017	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	61,728,514		$	64,677,633

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CRYO-CELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


	For the Twelve Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,
	2025			2024
Revenue:
Processing and storage fees	$	31,382,704		$	31,551,550
Public banking revenue		129,513			366,672
Product revenue		54,104			67,884
Total revenue		31,566,321			31,986,106
Costs and Expenses:
Cost of sales		7,376,648			7,947,752
Selling, general and administrative expenses		18,220,708			18,524,012
Impairment of investment - Tianhe stock		—			308,000
Impairment of public inventory		4,358,834			—
Research, development and related engineering		376,263			1,242,536
Depreciation and amortization		751,474			483,522
Total costs and expenses		31,083,927			28,505,822
Operating Income		482,394			3,480,284
Other Income (Expense):
(Losses) gains on marketable securities		(806,267	)		1,076,051
Gain on interest rate swap		—			105,887
Other income		52,976			6,583
Interest expense		(2,066,256	)		(1,864,684	)
Total other (expense) income		(2,819,547	)		(676,163	)
(Loss) income before income tax expense		(2,337,153	)		2,804,121
Income tax expense		(92,232	)		(2,402,026	)
Net (loss) income	$	(2,429,385	)	$	402,095
Net (loss) income per common share - basic	$	(0.30	)	$	0.05
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		8,068,777			8,130,676
Net (loss) income per common share - diluted	$	(0.30	)	$	0.05
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		8,068,777			8,212,510

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CRYO-CELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	For the Twelve Months Ended
	November 30,			November 30,
	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(2,429,385	)	$	402,095
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		985,242			693,847
Impairment of public inventory		4,358,834			—
Impairment of investment - Tianhe stock		—			308,000
Loss on sale of property and equipment		48,304			—
Losses (gains) on marketable securities		806,267			(1,076,051	)
Unrealized gain on interest rate swap contract		—			(105,887	)
Compensatory element of stock options		417,101			781,128
Provision for doubtful accounts		868,795			1,266,905
Deferred income tax benefit		(2,818,688	)		(309,274	)
Amortization of debt issuance costs		20,822			21,237
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset		382,876			327,750
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(405,881	)		(1,999,759	)
Prepaid expenses		63,837			(21,648	)
Inventory		56,190			429,178
Other current assets		(179,387	)		(64,648	)
Deposits and other assets, net		(99,464	)		(69,142	)
Accounts payable		1,000,257			(423,720	)
Accrued expenses		(1,531,845	)		639,063
Operating lease liability		(424,701	)		(245,169	)
Other liabilities		—			2,794
Deferred revenue		4,359,432			5,454,211
Net cash from operating activities		5,478,606			6,010,910
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(230,475	)		(2,403,708	)
Sale of property and equipment		115,000			—
Payment of Duke license agreement		—			(1,200,000	)
Proceeds from liquidation of marketable securities		—			101,873
Purchases of marketable securities		(3,647,764	)		(2,891,423	)
Sale of marketable securities		2,787,907			1,516,359
Net cash used in investing activities		(975,332	)		(4,876,899	)
Cash flows used in financing activities:
Treasury stock purchases		(169,502	)		(1,423,871	)
Repayments of note payable		(147,575	)		(136,382	)
Repayment of line of credit		(10,020,000	)		(2,922,728	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		23,101			76,402
Proceeds from line of credit		8,800,000			5,220,000
Dividends paid		(3,231,227	)		(2,020,539	)
Proceeds from Swap termination		—			228,000
Net cash used in financing activities		(4,745,203	)		(979,118	)

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(241,929	)		154,893
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period		560,960			406,067

Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$	319,031		$	560,960

Supplemental non-cash operating activities:
Lease liability arising from right-of-use asset	$	396,163		$	100,932
Supplemental investing activities:
Construction costs payable	$	—		$	(880,348	)
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	2,029,012		$	1,976,808
Income taxes	$	4,594,638		$	2,716,993

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CRYO-CELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT




	For the Twelve Months Ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024
					Additional								Total
	Common Stock				Paid-In		Treasury			Accumulated			Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Stock			Deficit			Deficit
Balance at November 30, 2023		14,849,246	$	148,492	$	43,411,143	$	(23,431,685	)	$	(31,159,182	)	$	(11,031,232	)
Exercise of stock options		20,373		204		76,198								76,402
Compensatory element of stock options						781,128								781,128
Treasury stock								(1,423,871	)					(1,423,871	)
Dividends declared ($0.25 per share)											(2,020,539	)		(2,020,539	)
Net income											402,095			402,095
Balance at November 30, 2024		14,869,619	$	148,696	$	44,268,469	$	(24,855,556	)	$	(32,777,626	)	$	(13,216,017	)
Exercise of stock options		7,500		75		23,026								23,101
Compensatory element of stock options						417,101								417,101
Treasury stock								(169,502	)					(169,502	)
Dividends declared ($0.40 per share)											(3,231,227	)		(3,231,227	)
Net loss											(2,429,385	)		(2,429,385	)
Balance at November 30, 2025		14,877,119	$	148,771	$	44,708,596	$	(25,025,058	)	$	(38,438,238	)	$	(18,605,929	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CRYO-CELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

November 30, 2025 and 2024

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business.

Cryo-Cell International, Inc. (“the Company” or “Cryo-Cell”) was incorporated in Delaware on September 11, 1989 and is headquartered in Oldsmar, Florida. The Company is organized in three reportable segments, cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage, with a current focus on the collection and preservation of umbilical cord blood stem cells for family use, the manufacture of PrepaCyte CB units, the processing technology used to process umbilical cord blood stem cells and cellular processing and cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use. Revenues for the cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage represent sales of the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers and income from licensees selling the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers outside the United States. Revenues for the manufacture of PrepaCyte CB units represent sales of the PrepaCyte CB units to customers. Revenue for the cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use, stored at Duke University (see below), is generated from the sale of the cord blood units to the National Marrow Donor Program (“NMDP”), which distributes the cord blood units to transplant centers located in the United States and around the world. The Company's U.S.-based business operations, including the processing and storage of specimens, are handled from its headquarters facility in Oldsmar, Florida. The specimens are primarily stored in commercially available cryogenic storage units at the Company's technologically and operationally advanced facility in Durham, NC.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024 and for the years then ended includes the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries, which are inactive. All intercompany balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Concentration of Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash and cash equivalent accounts in financial institutions, which often exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) limit. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk. From time to time, the Company invests excess cash in certificates of deposit, U.S. government and agency securities, corporate bonds, mutual funds, and publicly traded equity securities, which may be held through brokerage accounts protected by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). While SIPC coverage protects against certain losses in the event of broker-dealer failure, it does not protect against declines in market value.

As the Company has increased its allocation to marketable equity securities and other market-based investments, it has become more exposed to market risk, including fluctuations in interest rates, credit spreads, and equity market prices. These investments are subject to volatility and may result in realized or unrealized gains and losses in future periods. The Company regularly monitors its investment portfolio for impairment and other-than-temporary declines in fair value and adjusts its investment strategy as management deems appropriate based on market conditions, liquidity needs, and its overall risk management objectives.

The Company depends on one supplier for the source of its collection kits, a critical component of the umbilical cord blood stem cell collection process. However, the Company believes that alternative sources of supply are available.

The Company depends on three suppliers for the supply and manufacturing of the PrepaCyte CB units. However, the Company believes that alternative sources of supply and manufacturing are available.

The Company depends on one third party, the National Marrow Donor Program, to manage the public umbilical cord stem cells that are needed for transplant.

During fiscal 2025 and 2024, there were no concentration of risks.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Contract modifications exist when the modification either creates new or changes in the existing enforceable rights and obligations. The Company’s contracts are occasionally modified to account for changes in contract terms and conditions, which the Company refers to as an upgrade or downgrade. An upgrade occurs when a customer wants to pay for additional years of storage. A downgrade occurs when a customer originally entered into a long-term contract (such as twenty-one year or lifetime plan) but would like to change the term to a one-year contract. Upgrade modifications qualify for treatment as a separate contract as the additional services are distinct and the increase in contract price reflects the Company’s stand-alone selling price for the additional services and will be accounted for on a prospective basis. Downgrade modifications do not qualify for treatment as a separate contract as there is no increase in price over the original contract, thus failing the separate contract criteria. As such, the Company separately considers downgrade modifications to determine if these should be accounted for as a termination of the existing contract and creation of a new contract (prospective method) or as part of the existing contract (cumulative catch-up adjustment). ASC 606 requires that an entity account for the contract modification as if it were a termination of the existing contract, and the creation of a new contract, if the remaining goods or services are distinct from the goods or services transferred on or before the date of the contract modification. As the services after the modification were previously determined to be distinct, the Company concluded that downgrade modifications qualify under this method and will be accounted for on a prospective basis. Although contract modifications do occur, they are infrequent.

Performance Obligations

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services) that is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. The Company determined that the following distinct goods and services represent separate performance obligations involving the sale of its umbilical cord blood product:

•

Collection and processing services

•

Storage services

•

Public cord blood banking

•

License and royalties

•

Sale of PrepaCyte CB product

Collection, Processing and Storage Fees

Processing and storage fees include the Company providing umbilical cord blood and tissue cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage for private use. Revenues recognized for the cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage represent sales of the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers and income from licensees who are selling the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers outside the United States.

The Company recognizes revenue from processing fees at the point in time of the successful completion of processing and recognizes storage fees over time, which is ratably over the contractual storage period as well as other income from royalties paid by licensees related to long-term storage contracts which the Company has under license agreements. Contracted storage periods are typically annual, eighteen years, twenty-one years and lifetime. The life-time storage plan is based on a life expectancy of 81 years, which is the current estimate by the Center for Disease Control for United States women’s life expectancy and concluded that additional data analysis would result in an immaterial difference in revenue. Deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the portion of the annual, the twenty-one-year and the life-time storage fees that are being recognized over the contractual storage period as well as royalties received from foreign licensees relating to long-term storage contracts for which the Company has future obligations under the license agreement. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current if the Company expects to recognize the related revenue over the next 12 months from the balance sheet date.

Significant financing

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. For all plans being annual, twenty-one years and lifetime, the storage fee is paid at the beginning of the storage period (prepaid plans). Alternatively, the Company offers payment plans (including a stated service fee) for customers to pay over time for a period of one to twenty-four plus months. The one-time plan includes the collection kit, processing and testing, return medical courier service and twenty-one years of pre-paid storage fees. The life-time plan includes the collection kit, processing and testing, return medical courier service and pre-paid storage fees for the life of the customer. The Company concluded that a significant financing component is not present within either the prepaid or overtime payment plans. The Company has determined that the twenty-one year and life-time prepayment options do not include a significant financing component as the payment terms were structured primarily for reasons other than the provision of financing and to maximize profitability.

The Company has determined that the majority of plans that are paid over time are paid in less than a year. When considered over a twenty-four-month payment plan, the difference between the cash selling price and the consideration paid is nominal. As such, the Company believes that its payment plans do not include significant financing components as they are not significant in the aggregate when considered in the context of all contracts entered into nor significant at the individual contract level.

The Company elected to apply the practical expedient where the Company does not need to assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when it performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less.

As of November 30, 2025, the total aggregate transaction price allocated to the unsatisfied performance obligations was recorded as deferred revenue amounting to $60,704,996, which will be recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the contractual period of which $9,730,318 will be recognized over the next twelve months.

Variable consideration

In December 2005, the Company began providing its customers that enrolled after December 2005 with a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions. Effective February 1, 2012, the Company increased the $50,000 payment warranty to a $75,000 payment warranty to all of its new clients. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company increased the payment warranty to $100,000 to all new clients who choose the premium processing method, PrepaCyte CB. The product warranty is available to clients who enroll under this structure for as long as the specimen is stored with the Company. In the processing and storage agreements, the Company provides limited rights which are offered to customers automatically upon contract execution. The Company has determined that the payment warranty represents variable consideration payable to the customer.

Based on the Company’s historical experience to date, the Company has determined the payment warranty to be fully constrained under the most likely amount method. Consequently, the transaction price does not currently reflect any expectation of service level credits. At the end of each reporting period, the Company will update the estimated transaction price related to the payment warranty including updating its assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained to represent faithfully the circumstances present at the end of the reporting period and the changes in circumstances during the reporting period.

Allocation of transaction price

As the Company’s processing and storage agreements contain multiple performance obligations, ASC 606 requires an allocation of the transaction price based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised services underlying each performance obligation. The Company has selected an adjusted market assessment approach to estimate the stand-alone selling prices of the processing services and storage services and concluded that the published list price is the price that a customer in that market would be willing to pay for those goods or services. The Company also considered the fact that all customers are charged the list prices current at the time of their enrollment where the Company has separately stated list prices for processing and storage.

Costs to Obtain a Contract

The Company capitalizes commissions that are incremental in obtaining customer contracts and the costs incurred to fulfill a customer contract if those costs are not within the scope of another topic within the accounting literature and meet the specified criteria. These costs are deferred in other current or long-term assets and are expensed to selling, general and administrative expenses as the Company satisfies the performance obligations by transferring the service to the customer. These assets will be periodically assessed for impairment. As a practical expedient, the Company elected to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining its annual contracts as an expense when incurred, as the amortization period of the asset recognized would have been one year.

The Company has determined that payments under the Company’s refer-a-friend program (“RAF program”) are incremental costs of obtaining a contract as they provide an incentive for existing customers to refer new customers to the Company and is referred to as commission. The amount paid under the RAF program (either through issuance of credits to customers or check payments) which exceeds the typical commission payment to a sales representative is recorded as a reduction to revenue under ASC 606. During the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, the Company recorded $33,301 and $45,375, respectively, in commission payments to customers under the RAF program as a reduction to revenue. For the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, the Company capitalized additional contract acquisition costs of $124,099 and $118,498, respectively, net of amortization expenses.

Public banking revenue

The Company sells cord blood units to the National Marrow Donor program ("NMDP") which distributes the cord blood units to transplant centers located in the United States and around the world. Control is transferred at the point in time when the shipment has occurred, at which time, the Company records revenue.

Licensee and royalty income

Licensee and royalty income consist of royalty income earned on the processing and storage of cord blood stem cell specimens by an affiliate where the Company has a License and Royalty Agreement. The Company records revenue from processing and storage of specimens and pursuant to agreements with licensees. The Company records the royalty revenue in same period that the related processing and storage is being completed by the affiliate.

Product Revenue

The Company records revenue from the sale of the PrepaCyte CB product line upon shipment of the product to the Company’s customers.

Shipping and handling

The Company elected to apply the practical expedient to account for shipping and handling activities performed after the control of a good has been transferred to the customer as a fulfillment cost. Shipping and handling costs that the Company incurs are therefore expensed and included in cost of sales.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The revenue as reflected in the statements of operations is disaggregated by products and services.

The following table provides information about assets and liabilities from contracts with customers:


	November 30, 2025		November 30, 2024
Contract assets (sales commissions)	$	855,142	$	775,147
Accounts receivable	$	6,846,180	$	7,309,094
Short-term contract liabilities (deferred revenue)	$	9,730,318	$	9,788,574
Long-term contract liabilities (deferred revenue)	$	50,974,678	$	46,556,990

The Company, in general, requires the customer to pay for processing and storage services at the time of processing. Contract assets include deferred contract acquisition costs, which will be amortized along with the associated revenue. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are realized with the associated revenue recognized under the contract. Accounts receivable consists of amounts due from clients that have enrolled and processed in the umbilical cord blood stem cell processing and storage programs related to renewals of annual plans and amounts due from license affiliates, and sublicensee territories. The Company did not have asset impairment charges related to contract assets in the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024.

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and liabilities during the twelve months ended November 30, 2025:


	Balance at December 1, 2024		Additions		Deductions			Balance at November 30, 2025
Contract assets (sales commissions)	$	775,147	$	124,099	$	(44,104	)	$	855,142
Accounts receivable	$	7,309,094	$	40,464,367	$	(40,927,281	)	$	6,846,180
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue)	$	56,345,564	$	31,593,132	$	(27,233,700	)	$	60,704,996

The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets and liabilities during the twelve months ended November 30, 2024:


	Balance at December 1, 2023		Additions		Deductions			Balance at November 30, 2024
Contract assets (sales commissions)	$	695,695	$	118,498	$	(39,046	)	$	775,147
Accounts receivable	$	6,576,240	$	42,735,527	$	(42,002,673	)	$	7,309,094
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue)	$	50,891,353	$	21,665,729	$	(16,211,518	)	$	56,345,564

Revenue Sharing Agreements

The Company entered into Revenue Sharing Agreements (“RSAs”) prior to 2002 with various third and related parties. The Company’s RSAs provide that in exchange for a non-refundable up-front payment, the Company would share for the duration of the contract a percentage of its future storage revenue collected from the annual storage fees charged related to a certain number of specimens that originated from specific geographical areas. The RSAs have no definitive term or termination provisions. The sharing applies to the storage fees collected for all specified specimens in the area up to the number covered in the contract. When the number of specimens is filled, any additional specimens stored in that area are not subject to revenue sharing. As there are empty spaces resulting from attrition, the Company agrees to fill them as soon as possible. The Company has reflected these up-front payments as long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not intend to enter into additional RSAs.

In the future, the Company could reverse the liability relating to the RSAs over an appropriate period of time, based on the Company’s expectations of the total amount of payments it expects to pay to the other party under the particular RSA. However, the RSAs do not establish a finite term or time frame over which to estimate the total payments and the Company had not previously estimated and has concluded that it is not currently practicable to estimate the projected cash flows under the RSAs. At present, the Company intends to defer the reversal of the liability, until such time as these amounts can be determined. During the periods when the Company defers the reversal of the liability, the quarterly payments made during these periods will be treated as interest expense, which will be recognized as the payments become due. In future periods, if a portion of the liability can be de-recognized based on the effective interest method, the payments will be allocated between interest and amortization of the liability. As cash is paid out to the other party during any period, the liability would be de-recognized based on the portion of the total anticipated payouts made during the period, using the effective interest method. That is, a portion of the payment would be recorded as interest expense, and the remainder would be treated as repayment of principal, which would reduce the liability.

License and Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into licensing agreements with certain investors in various international markets in an attempt to capitalize on the Company’s technology. The investors typically pay a licensing fee to receive Company marketing programs, technology and know-how in a selected area. The investor may be given a right to sell sub-license agreements as well. As part of the accounting for the up-front license fee paid, or payable, to the Company, revenue from the up-front license fee is recognized based on such factors as when the payment is due, collectability and when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed by the Company based on the terms of the agreement. The Company has twelve active licensing agreements. The following areas each have one license agreement: El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras and Pakistan. The following areas each have two license agreements: India, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

In addition to the license fee, the Company earns processing and storage fees on subsequent processing and storage revenues received by the licensee in the licensed territory and a fee on any sub-license agreements that are sold by the licensee where applicable. These fees are included in processing and storage fees revenue on the consolidated statements of operations. The Company periodically reviews license and royalty receivables for collectability and, if necessary, will record an expense for an allowance for uncollectible accounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at the time of purchase.

Accounts Receivable

Inventory

As part of the Cord:Use Purchase Agreement, the Company has an agreement with Duke University (“Duke”) for Duke to receive, process, and store cord blood units for the Public Cord Blood Bank (“Duke Services”). As of November 30, 2025, the Company had approximately 6,000 cord blood units in inventory. These units are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs include the cost of collecting, transporting, processing and storing the unit. Costs charged by Duke for their Duke Services are based on a monthly fixed fee for processing and storing 36 blood units per year. The Company computes the cost per unit for these Duke Services and capitalizes the unit cost on all blood units shipped and stored in a year at Duke. If the Company ships and stores less than 36 blood units with Duke in a one-year period, a portion of these fixed costs are expensed and included in facility operating costs. Certain costs of collection incurred, such as the cost of collection staff and transportation costs incurred to ship Public Bank units from hospitals to the stem cell laboratory are allocated to banked units based on an average cost method. The change in the number of expected units to be sold could have a significant impact on the estimated net realizable value of banked units which could have a material effect on the value of the inventory. Costs incurred related to cord blood units that cannot be sold are expensed in the period incurred and are included in facility operating costs in the accompanying statements of operations. The Company records a reserve against inventory for units which have been processed and frozen but may not ultimately become distributable (see Note 2).

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided primarily by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:


Building		39 years
Building Improvements		10-39 years
Vehicle		5 years
Furniture and equipment		3-10 years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of 8-10 years or the lives of the leases
Computer software – internal use		1-5 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the respective life of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. Upon the sale or retirement of depreciable assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and the resulting profit or loss is reflected in earnings. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor betterments are expensed as incurred.

The Company capitalizes external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software. Capitalized internal-use software costs, which are included in property and equipment, are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the software.

The Company capitalizes interest expense incurred during the construction of a long-term asset as the interest expense is considered a part of the total cost of the asset as it represents the financing cost associated with the asset’s construction. Once the construction or development of the asset is completed and the asset is placed into service, the capitalized interest becomes a part of the asset’s depreciable base. The interest to be capitalized is determined by applying a capitalization rate to the weighted-average carrying amount of the expenditures for the asset during the period. The amount of interest expense capitalized should not exceed the amount of interest expense incurred by the Company in that period.

Investments

As part of the Cord:Use Purchase Agreement, the Company acquired the shares of common stock of Tianhe Stem Cell Biotechnologies, Inc. The Tianhe stock investment value is based on fair value. Due to the lack of activity and lack of any profits, the Company believes that the investment is fully impaired. The Impairment of Investment - Tiahne stock is $308,000 for the year ended November 30, 2024.

Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the assets acquired from Cord:Use over the estimated fair value of the net tangible, intangible and identifiable assets acquired. The annual assessment of the reporting unit is performed as of September 1st, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. The Company first performs a qualitative assessment to test goodwill for impairment and concludes if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If the qualitative assessment concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, the goodwill impairment test is not required. If the qualitative assessment concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, then the goodwill impairment test is required. The impairment assessment compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value and if the fair value exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to the carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value exceeds the carrying value then goodwill is not impaired; otherwise, an impairment loss would be recorded by the amount the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value.

Leases

At the inception of a lease arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present in the arrangement. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as a right-of-use (ROU) assets and as short-term and long-term lease liabilities, as applicable. The Company does not have any financing leases.

Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are initially recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As a result, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate to discount lease payments, which reflects the fixed rate at which the Company believes it could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment.

The Company has elected not to recognize leases with an original term of one year or less on the balance sheet. The Company typically only includes an initial lease term in its assessment of a lease arrangement. Options to renew a lease are not included in the Company’s assessment unless there is reasonable certainty that the Company will renew.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is “more likely than not” that all of the future income tax benefits will not be realized. When the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred income tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. The ultimate realization of the Company’s deferred income tax assets depends upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the tax

attributes. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company projects future levels of taxable income. This assessment requires significant judgment. The Company examines the evidence related to the recent history of losses, the economic conditions in which the Company operates and forecasts and projections to make that determination.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Increases or decreases to the unrecognized tax benefits could result from management’s belief that a position can or cannot be sustained upon examination based on subsequent information or potential lapse of the applicable statute of limitation for certain tax positions.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. For fiscal 2025 and 2024 the Company had no uncertain tax provisions and therefore no material provisions for interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

Research, Development and Related Engineering Costs

Research, development and related engineering costs are expensed as incurred.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales represents the associated expenses resulting from the processing, testing, storage and delivery of the umbilical cord blood. Cost of sales related to PrepaCyte CB represents the associated expenses resulting from the manufacturing of the PrepaCyte CB units. Cost of sales related to the Public Cord Blood Bank represents the associated expenses resulting from the collection, shipping, processing and storage of the cord blood stem cell units.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Total advertising expense for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $1,087,570 and $1,067,392, respectively.

Rent Expense

Rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. All leases include provisions for escalations and related costs.

Legal Expense

Legal fees are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses a fair value hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of financial instruments is estimated based on market trading information, where available. Absent published market values for an instrument or other assets, management uses observable market data to arrive at its estimates of fair value. Management believes that the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company believes that the fair value of its Revenue Sharing Agreements (“RSA”) liability recorded on the balance sheet is between the recorded book value and up to the Company’s previous settlement experience, due to the various terms and conditions associated with each RSA.

The Company uses an accounting standard that defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering

such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	Fair Value at		Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2025 Using
Description	November 30, 2025		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities	$	2,977,013	$	2,977,013	$	—	$	—
Total	$	2,977,013	$	2,977,013	$	—	$	—


	Fair Value at		Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2024 Using
Description	November 30, 2024		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities	$	2,935,183	$	2,935,183	$	—	$	—
Total	$	2,935,183	$	2,935,183	$	—	$	—

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used for these items, as well as the general classification of such items pursuant to the fair value hierarchy:

Marketable securities - Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognized through net income. There was $806,267 and $1,076,051 in losses and gains, respectively, recorded in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended November 30, 2025 and 2024.

Product Warranty and Cryo-Cell CaresTM Program

In December 2005, the Company began providing its customers that enrolled after December 2005 with a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions. Effective February 1, 2012, the Company increased the $50,000 payment warranty to a $75,000 payment warranty to all of its new clients. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company increased the payment warranty to $100,000 to all new clients who choose the premium processing method, PrepaCyte CB. The product warranty is available to clients who enroll under this structure for as long as the specimen is stored with the Company. The Company has not experienced any claims under the warranty program, nor has it incurred costs related to these warranties.

As discussed above, the Company has determined that the payment warranty represents variable consideration payable to the customer. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company has concluded the payment warranty be fully constrained under the most likely amount method; therefore, the transaction price does not reflect any expectation of service level credits at November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024. At the end of each reporting period, the C

CRYO CELL INTERNATIONAL INC 10-K