Exhibit 4.2

Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934

The following is a description of the Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class A common stock”) of Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. (“Rani”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) which is our only class of security registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The following also contains a description of our Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (the “Class B common stock”), which is not registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act but Class B common stockholders who are members of Rani Therapeutics, LLC (“Rani LLC”) have the right to exchange their membership interests of Rani LLC (the “LLC Interests”) (with automatic cancellation of an equal number of shares of Class B common stock) for shares of our Class A common stock. The description of the Class B common stock is necessary to understand the material terms of the Class A common stock. The following also contains a description of our Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Class C common stock”) and our preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “preferred stock”). As of March 26, 2026, there are no shares of Class C common stock and no shares of preferred stock outstanding. The description of the Class C common stock and the preferred stock is necessary to understand the terms of the Class A common stock as the issuance of Class C common stock or preferred stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of the Class A common stock.

The following summary description of our capital stock is based on the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as currently in effect, as well as our amended and restated bylaws, as currently in effect, and the applicable provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). This information is qualified entirely by reference to the applicable provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws, and the DGCL. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Authorized Capital Stock

Our authorized capital stock consists of 800,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, 40,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 20,000,000 shares of Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

Class A Common Stock

Voting Rights

Holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to cast one vote per share. Holders of our Class A common stock will not be entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Generally, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority (or, in the case of election of directors, by a plurality) of the votes entitled to be cast by all holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock present in person or represented by proxy, voting together as a single class. Except as otherwise provided by law, amendments to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation must be approved by a majority or, in some cases, the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding voting power of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class.

Dividends and Other Distributions

Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, any dividend or distribution paid or payable to the holders of shares of Class A common stock shall be paid pro rata, on an equal priority, pari passu basis; provided, however, that if a dividend or distribution is paid in the form of Class A common stock (or rights to acquire shares of Class A common stock), then the holders of the Class A common stock shall receive Class A common stock (or rights to acquire shares of Class A common stock).

Distribution on Dissolution

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, upon the completion of the distributions required with respect to any series of redeemable convertible preferred stock that may then be outstanding, our remaining assets legally available for distribution to stockholders shall be distributed on an equal priority, pro rata basis to the holders of Class A common stock and Class C common stock, unless different treatment is approved by the majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock.

Rights and Preferences

No shares of Class A common stock are subject to redemption or have preemptive rights to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock. Holders of shares of our Class A common stock do not have subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Class A common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of our Class A common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Class B Common Stock

Shares of Class B common stock will only be issued in the future to the extent necessary to maintain a one-to-one ratio between the number of LLC Interests held by our Class B common stockholders who are members of Rani LLC (the “Continuing LLC Owners”) and the number of shares of Class B common stock issued to the Continuing LLC Owners. Shares of Class B common stock are transferable only together with LLC Interests. Shares of Class B common stock will be cancelled on a one-for-one basis if we, at the election of the Continuing LLC Owners, redeem or exchange their LLC Interests pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated limited liability company agreement of Rani LLC, as currently in effect (the “Rani LLC Agreement”), a copy of which is filed as an exhibit with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Voting Rights

Holders of Class B common stock are entitled to cast one vote per share, with the number of shares of Class B common stock held by each Continuing LLC Owner being equivalent to the number of LLC Interests held by such Continuing LLC Owner. Holders of our Class B common stock are not entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. The voting power afforded to Continuing LLC Owners by their shares of Class B common stock will be automatically and correspondingly reduced as they redeem their LLC Interests because an equal number of their shares of Class B common stock will be cancelled.

Generally, all matters to be voted on by stockholders must be approved by a majority (or, in the case of election of directors, by a plurality) of the votes entitled to be cast by all Class A and Class B stockholders present in person or represented by proxy, voting together as a single class. Except as otherwise provided by law, amendments to the amended and restated certificate of incorporation must be approved by a majority or, in some cases, a super-majority of the combined voting power of all shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class. There will be a separate vote of the Class B common stock if we amend, alter or repeal any provision of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation or the amended and restated bylaws in a manner that modifies the voting, conversion or other powers, preferences, or other special rights or privileges, or restrictions of the Class B common stock.

Distribution on Dissolution

On our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Class B common stock will not be entitled to receive any distribution of our assets.

Transfers

Pursuant to the Rani LLC Agreement, each holder of Class B common stock agrees that: (i) the holder will not transfer any shares of Class B common stock to any person unless the holder transfers an equal number of LLC Interests to the same person; and (ii) in the event the holder transfers any LLC Interests to any person, the holder will transfer an equal number of shares of Class B common stock to the same person.

Rights and Preferences

No shares of Class B common stock have preemptive rights to purchase additional shares of Class B common stock. Holders of shares of our Class B common stock do not have subscription, redemption or conversion rights. There will be no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Class B common stock.

Class C Common Stock

Voting Rights

Holders of our Class C common stock are not entitled to vote on any matter that is submitted to a vote of the stockholders, except as otherwise required by law.

Distribution on Dissolution

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, upon the completion of the distributions required with respect to any series of redeemable convertible preferred stock that may then be outstanding, our remaining assets legally available for distribution to stockholders shall be distributed on an equal priority, pro rata basis to the holders of Class A common stock and Class C common stock, unless different treatment is approved by the majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock.

Preferred Stock

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors has the authority, without action by the stockholders, to designate and issue up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series and to fix the powers, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of each class or series of preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption privileges, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any class or series, which may be greater than the rights of the holders of the common stock.

The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third-party to acquire, or could discourage a third-party from seeking to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock may adversely affect the holders of our Class A common stock by restricting dividends on the Class A common stock, diluting the voting power of the Class A common stock or subordinating the liquidation rights of the Class A common stock. As a result of these or other factors, the issuance of preferred stock could have an adverse impact on the market price of our Class A common stock.

Anti-Takeover Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws

Certain provisions of Delaware law and certain provisions that are included in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws summarized below may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, deter, or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interests, including attempts that might result in a premium being paid over the market price for the shares held by stockholders.

Preferred Stock

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation contains provisions that permit our board of directors to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, shares of preferred stock in one or more series and, with respect to each such series, to fix the number of shares constituting the series and the designation of the series, the voting rights (if any) of the shares of the series and the powers, preferences, or relative, participation, optional, and other special rights, if any, and any qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, of the shares of such series.

Removal of Directors

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that stockholders may only remove a director for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of all then-outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote generally at an election of directors.

Director Vacancies

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes only our board of directors to fill vacant directorships.

No Cumulative Voting

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that stockholders do not have the right to cumulate votes in the election of directors.

Amendment of Bylaws

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, while the board of directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws of the Company, any such action by stockholders will require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class.

Special Meetings of Stockholders

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that, except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders may be called only (i) by a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors; (ii) by the chairperson of our board of directors; or (iii) by our Chief Executive Officer.

Advance Notice Procedures for Director Nominations

Our amended and restated bylaws provides that stockholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors at an annual or special meeting of stockholders must provide timely notice thereof in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice generally will have to be delivered to and received at our principal executive offices before notice of the meeting is issued by the secretary of the Company, with such notice being served not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting. Although the amended and restated bylaws does not give the board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates to be elected at an annual meeting, the amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.

No Stockholder Action by Written Consent

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders must be affected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by written consent in lieu of a meeting.

Authorized but Unissued Shares

Our authorized but unissued shares of Class A common stock and preferred stock will be available for future issuances without stockholder approval, except as required by the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market, and could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise additional capital, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved Class A common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Company by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger, or otherwise.

Choice of Forum

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and any appellate court therefrom will be the sole and exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, or other employees to us or our stockholders; (iii) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any of our

current or former directors, officers, or other employees, arising out of or pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time); (iv) any action or proceeding seeking to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws (as each may be amended from time to time, including any right, obligation, or remedy thereunder); (v) any action or proceeding as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; and (vi) any action asserting a claim against us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine or otherwise related to the Company’s internal affairs, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law; provided, however, that if such court does not have, or declines to accept, jurisdiction over such a claim or cause of action, then the United States District Court for the District of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for such claim or cause of action. These provisions would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint.

These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees and may discourage these types of lawsuits. Furthermore, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation or bylaws has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, all of which could seriously harm our business.

Business Combinations with Interested Stockholders

We have elected to be subject to and governed by Section 203 of the DGCL. Subject to certain exceptions, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination (as defined in such section) with an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of such corporation or any person affiliated with such person) for a period of three years following the time that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless: (i) prior to such time the board of directors of such corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (ii) upon the closing of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of such corporation at the time the transaction commenced (excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock of such corporation outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) those shares owned (A) by persons who are directors and also officers of such corporation and (B) by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer); or (iii) at or subsequent to such time the business combination is approved by the board of directors of such corporation and authorized at a meeting of stockholders (and not by written consent) by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock of such corporation not owned by the interested stockholder.

Listing

Our Class A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “RANI.”

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our Class A common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC.

Rani Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. 10-K