3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2013

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unilava Corporation and its subsidiaries, Telava Networks, Inc. (100% owned), Telava Acqusitions, Inc. (100% owned), Telava Wireless, Inc. (75% owned), Telava Mobile, Inc. (80% owned), Local Info Pages, Inc. (100% owned Korea-based entity) and IBFA Acqusitions LLC (100% owned) which are 100% consolidated in the financial statements as adjusted for various minority interests. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2013 and for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include all adjustments and disclosures considered necessary to a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2013.

You should read this discussion in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures , requires disclosing fair value to the extent practicable for financial instruments that are recognized or unrecognized in the balance sheet. Fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which the instruments could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The Company considers the carrying amounts of cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, related party and other receivables, accounts payable, notes payable, related party and other payables, customer deposits, and short term loans approximate their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization. The Company considers the carrying amount of long term bank loans to approximate their fair values based on the interest rates of the instruments and the current market rate of interest.

Level 1 The preferred inputs to valuation efforts are “quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities,” with the caveat that the reporting entity must have access to that market. Information at this level is based on direct observations of transactions involving the same assets and liabilities, not assumptions, and thus offers superior reliability. However, relatively few items, especially physical assets, actually trade in active markets.

Level 2 FASB acknowledged that active markets for identical assets and liabilities are relatively uncommon and, even when they do exist, they may be too thin to provide reliable information. To deal with this shortage of direct data, the board provided a second level of inputs that can be applied in three situations.

Level 3 If inputs from levels 1 and 2 are not available, FASB acknowledges that fair value measures of many assets and liabilities are less precise. The board describes Level 3 inputs as “unobservable,” and limits their use by saying they “shall be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available.” This category allows “for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date”. Earlier in the standard, FASB explains that “observable inputs” are gathered from sources other than the reporting company and that they are expected to reflect assumptions made by market participants.

Foreign Currency Adjustments

Foreign Currency Adjustments

The financial position and results of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiary, LIP, is measured using the foreign subsidiary’s local currency as the functional currency. Revenues and expenses of the subsidiary have been translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Assets and liabilities have been translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, unless there is a sale or complete liquidation of the underlying foreign investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

This includes all short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and have original maturities of three months or less. The Company has a restricted cash balance of $28,135 and $28,119 on June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, which is comprised of Certificates of Deposit. The restricted cash is held in certificates of deposit at various banking institutions. The Company is expected to maintain the amounts in the certificates of deposit per agreements with certain vendors.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported at the customers' outstanding balances less any allowance for doubtful accounts. Interest is not accrued on overdue accounts receivable. The Company evaluates receivables on a regular basis for potential reserve.

Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements are charged to the asset accounts while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed. At the time property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved of the applicable amounts. Gains or losses from retirements or sales are credited or charged to income.

The Company depreciates its fixed assets on a straight line basis at the following rates:

Microwave towers	25 years

Computer equipment	5 years

Furniture and equipment	7 years

Software	3 years

Leasehold improvements	5 years

Long-lived Assets

Long-lived Assets

Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may not be recovered. The Company assesses recoverability of the carrying value of an asset by estimating the fair value of the asset. If the fair value is less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset's carrying value and fair value. The Company has never recognized an impairment charge.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets arising from an acquisition of a business are periodically assessed for impairment rather than amortized on a straight-line basis. Accordingly, the Company annually reviews the carrying value of this goodwill and other intangible assets to determine whether impairment, as measured by fair market value, may exist. Specifically, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment is determined using a two-step process. The first step of the goodwill and other intangible asset impairment test is used to identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, then the goodwill and other intangible assets of the reporting unit are not considered to be impaired and the second step of the impairment test is unnecessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step of the impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill and other intangible assets with their carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill and other intangible assets exceeds their implied fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

Goodwill consisted of $767,873 as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 as a result of the IBFA purchase as disclosed in the Company’s December 31, 2011 Form 10-K.

Accounting for Share-Based Compensation

Accounting for Share-Based Compensation

The Company records stock based compensation in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic 505 and 718 which requires the Company to recognize expenses related to the fair value of its employee stock option awards. This eliminates accounting for share-based compensation transactions using the intrinsic value and requires instead that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value-based method. The Company recognizes the cost of all share-based awards on a graded vesting basis over the vesting period of the award.

The Company accounts for equity instruments issued in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from other than employees in accordance with FASB ASC 718-10 and the conclusions reached by the FASB ASC 505-50. Costs are measured at the estimated fair market value of the consideration received or the estimated fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The value of equity instruments issued for consideration other than employee services is determined on the earliest of a performance commitment or completion of performance by the provider of goods or services as defined by FASB ASC 505-50.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Telava NV and LIP : The Company’s revenue is generated by customer subscriptions of directory and advertising services. Revenue is billed and recognized monthly for services subscribed in that specific month. The Company utilizes outside billing companies to transmit billing data, much of which is forwarded to Local Exchange Carriers (“LEC’s”) that provide local telephone service.

LEC Billing : When a customer subscribes to the Company’s service, an electronic customer file is created which is the basis for the billing. The Company submits gross billings electronically to third party billing aggregators. These billing aggregators compile and format electronic customer files and forward the billing records to the appropriate LEC’s. The billing for our service flows through to monthly bills of the individual LEC customers. The LEC’s collect the Company’s billing and remit amounts to the billing aggregators, which in turn remit funds to the Company. The following are significant accounting estimates and assumptions used in the revenue recognition process with respect to these billings.

Customer refunds : The Company’s customer refund policy allows the customer to request a refund if they are not satisfied with the service within the first 30 days of the subscription. The Company accrues for refunds based on historical experience of refunds as a percentage of new billings in that 30-day period. Customer refunds historically have been insignificant and therefore there is no reserve against gross revenue.

Non-paying customers : There are customers who may not pay the fee for our services even though the Company believes they are valid subscribers. Included in cost of services is an accrual for estimated non-paying customers that are recorded at the time of billing.

Dilution : The Company recognizes revenue during the month for which the service is provided based on net billings accepted by the billing aggregators and recognizes revenue only for accepted records. However, subsequent to this acceptance, there are instances in the LEC billing process where a customer cannot be billed due to changes in telephone numbers, telephone carriers, data synchronization issues, etc. These amounts that ultimately cannot be billed, as well as certain minor billing adjustments by the LEC’s, are commonly referred to as “dilution.” Such unbillable accounts and chargebacks are estimated at the time of billing and charged against net revenues.

Fees : Both the billing aggregator and the LEC charge processing fees. Additionally, the LEC charges fees for responding to billing inquiries by its customers, processing refunds, and other customer-related services. Such fees are estimated at the time of billing and charged to cost of services.

Revenue for billings to certain customers are billed directly by the Company and not through the LEC’s, is recognized based on estimated future collections. The Company continuously reviews this estimate for reasonableness based on its collection experience.

Telava Wireless : Leasing revenue for towers are recognized on a monthly basis based on the terms and conditions of the lease agreements.

LIP : Printing revenue for coupon books are recognized as services are performed.

IBFA: Wireless services and wireline voice and data communication services. Revenue is recognized at the time of delivery of the products or services, and the collectibility is reasonably assured. The Group assesses its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent.

Service revenue includes the value of all telecommunications services provided, net of free usage allocations and discounts. Revenue is recognized when earned, and are net of the share of other foreign and local carriers and content providers, if any, under existing correspondence and interconnection and settlement agreements.

Revenue is stated at amounts billed or invoiced and accrued to subscribers or other carriers and content providers, taking into consideration the bill cycle cut-off (for postpaid subscribers), and charges against preloaded airtime value (for prepaid subscribers), and excludes value-added tax (VAT) and overseas communication tax.

Advertising Costs

Advertising Costs

The Company incurs advertising costs that are not considered direct response advertising and are expensed when incurred. For the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company incurred approximately none and $66, respectively, in marketing and advertising expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company incurred approximately $22 and $804, respectively, in marketing and advertising expense.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent the Company believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets that do not meet the criteria for recognition. In the event the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The Company follows the accounting guidance which provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. Income tax provisions must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized initially and in subsequent periods.

Also included is guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share

The Company reports both basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share includes potentially dilutive securities such as outstanding options and warrants using the “treasury stock” method and convertible securities using the “if-converted” method. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no potential common equivalent shares used in the calculation of dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding as the effect would be anti-dilutive because of the net loss.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates made in connection with the accompanying financial statements include the estimate of dilution and fees associated with LEC billings and the estimated reserve for doubtful accounts receivable.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income/(loss) consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under generally accepted accounting principles are excluded from net income. For the Company, such items consist solely of foreign currency translation gains and losses.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated the recent accounting pronouncements through July 2013 and believes that none of them will have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company has maintained balances in excess of federally insured limits from time to time during the fiscal year. Management periodically reviews the adequacy and strength of the financial institutions and deems this to be an acceptable risk.

For the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, approximately19.65% and 4.8% of the Company's net sales were made to customers outside the United States. For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, approximately19.97% and 5.4% of the Company's net sales were made to customers outside the United States.

Reclassification

Reclassification

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ financial statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported results of operations or accumulated deficit.

Unilava Corp 10-Q/A