RELATED PARTY

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

4. RELATED PARTY

Cost Share Agreement with General Atomics

In January 2021, a consortium of companies, of which the Company is a part, received notice from the DoE that the consortium had been selected for negotiation of a potential financial award for the engineering, construction, and operation of the Demonstration Plant. This consortium of companies is led by General Atomics, an affiliate of Synchron (the Company’s majority shareholder). A formal proposal was submitted by the consortium in response to a published Funding Opportunity Announcement in mid-2020 for the construction and operation of the Demonstration Plant utilizing proprietary technology to produce commercial-grade products. Under this original proposal, the DoE’s share of the Demonstration Plant project funding was estimated at $21,900 and represented approximately one-half of the total originally estimated costs for the project. The DoE agreement was executed by the DoE’s grants/agreement officer on September 27, 2021, with an effective date of October 1, 2021. The DoE award was finalized through a cooperative agreement, dated October 1, 2021 (the “Cooperative Agreement”), that was awarded by the DoE for the Demonstration

Plant. The Cooperative Agreement provided that up to approximately $43,800 in allowable costs for the Demonstration Plant were to be funded on a cost-share basis, 50% by the DoE and 50% by a non-federal entity.

On November 30, 2021, the Company and General Atomics entered into a Cost Share Funding Assumption Agreement (the “Cost Share Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to assume and pay for the 50% of the non-federal funds incurred by, and on behalf of, General Atomics for the design, construction, and operation of the Demonstration Plant under the Cooperative Agreement. The Demonstration Plant will process already stockpiled high-grade sample materials from the Bear Lodge REE Project.

On March 17, 2022, the Company executed a subcontract purchase order in the amount of $5,318 with General Atomics under which the Company agreed to provide certain services and materials to the Demonstration Plant project, including, but not limited to, providing the plant’s sample materials, engaging in site location leases and other logistics, providing operational support, and providing decommissioning, bonding and other Demonstration Plant support activities (the “Subcontract Purchase Order”). In connection with the Subcontract Purchase Order, the Company submitted monthly invoices to General Atomics for the subcontracted services performed, which were reimbursed by General Atomics with one-half of the funds coming from funds advanced by the Company under the Cost Share Agreement and, up to the original Demonstration Plant budget, one-half of the funds from the DoE.

Due to inflationary cost pressures on labor, equipment, and consumables, as well as cost increases associated with certain optimized plant engineering and design parameters, General Atomics, on behalf of the consortium, submitted to the DoE an updated Demonstration Plant project budget of approximately $53,600, which was approximately 22% higher than the original budget of approximately $43,800. In response, the DoE pledged an additional cost-share funding commitment of $2,400 to fund a portion of the budget increase, with the balance coming from the Company, including any amounts in excess of the $53,600 revised budget total. The Company currently estimates the total cost of the Demonstration Plant, from inception, to be approximately $77,500, inclusive of cost estimates through completion of the Demonstration Plant’s operations phase.

On May 16, 2024, the Company and General Atomics entered into an extension agreement to the Cost Share Agreement (the “Extension Agreement”) under which the Company agreed to make additional cash advances, of up to $2,500, to General Atomics while the parties progressed an amended project funding agreement covering the Company’s share of the additional non-federal project funding needed for the project’s completion. Pursuant to the terms of the Cost Share Agreement and Extension Agreement, the Company had advanced payments to General Atomics, as leader of the consortium, totaling $24,200 through October 31, 2024, the maximum amount of advances authorized under these agreements. In November 2024, General Atomics subsequently returned approximately $3,811 of the amounts previously funded by the Company under the Cost Share Agreement, which were used by the Company, in part, to make payments to certain other contractors for work under the Cost Share Agreement. The payments to these other contractors, all made in November 2024 and on General Atomics’ behalf, totaled to $4,746.

In September 2025, at the Company’s request, General Atomics and the Company formally requested a novation of the financial assistance agreement between General Atomics and the DoE, under which General Atomics’ interests under the agreement would be transferred to the Company. The novation process, which is underway and is expected to be completed during 2026, will not change the intellectual property rights held by Synchron and its affiliates in the Company’s intellectual property. Once the novation process is complete, the Company will be named the recipient of the award under the agreement and certain conditions are expected to be confirmed, including the potential for additional DoE funding for further advancements of the Demonstration Plant under an amended or separate financial assistance agreement.

The DoE has allowed the novation process to progress even though the financial assistance agreement’s term expired on September 30, 2025. If a novation is not completed, the DoE award to General Atomics could be terminated, and final disposition of the assets and decommissioning activities would be negotiated with the DoE. Although the Company expects the novation process to be completed in 2026, there is no assurance of the process progressing in a timely manner or being completed at all.

Since inception, the Company has (i) advanced $20,389 in funds to General Atomics under the Cost Share Agreement, (ii) paid an additional $4,746 on General Atomics’ behalf to certain contractors for work performed under the Cost Share Agreement and (iii) paid

directly another $13,908 in Demonstration Plant project costs. Inclusive of all amounts incurred since project inception, a total of $59,498 has been expended by the Company on the Demonstration Plant through March 31, 2026.

The following table summarizes the related party receivable activity with General Atomics for reimbursable costs incurred by the Company under the Cost Share Agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2026:


Balance of receivables due from General Atomics at beginning of period	$	1,614
Reimbursable costs invoiced by the Company during the period		663
Balance of receivables due from General Atomics at end of period	$	2,277

- Definition

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
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+ Details

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