BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for consolidated financial reporting.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The historical presentation of the consolidated financial statements includes the financial statements of LUTU INTERNATIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LIMITED, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as the “Company”). All intercompany accounts, transactions, and profits have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Name of Subsidiary	Place of Incorporation	Attributable Equity Interest %		Registered Capital
Lutu International Biotechnology Limited (RTO accounting acquirer) (1)	Cayman Islands		100	USD100
Light Raise Limited (2)	BVI		100	USD 1
Hong Kong Prolific Mineral Resources Holdings Limited (3)	HKD		100	HKD 2
Shanxi Green Biotechnology Industry Company Limited (4)	PRC		100	RMB 100,000,000
Shenzhen Qianhai Lutu Supply Chain Management Company Limited (5)	PRC		100	RMB 5,000,000

Note:	(1)	Wholly owned subsidiary of Green Vision Biotechnology Corp.
	(2)	Wholly owned subsidiary of Lutu International Biotechnology Limited
	(3)	Wholly owned subsidiary of Light Raise Limited
	(4)	Wholly owned subsidiary of Hong Kong Prolific Mineral Resources Holdings Limited
	(5)	Wholly owned subsidiary of Shanxi Green Biotechnology Industry Company Limited (deregistered on April 7, 2020)

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates and judgments inherent in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements include, among other things, accounting for asset impairments, allowances for doubtful accounts, depreciation and amortization, the collection of revenues from the Agricultural Cooperative.

Economic and political risks

The Company’s operations are mainly conducted in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”) and the People’s Republic of China (“China”) (for the purpose of this Current Report on Form 10-Q, China does not include Hong Kong, Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan (The Republic of China) and a large number of customers are located in northern China. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in Hong Kong and China, and by the general state of the economy in Hong Kong and China.

The Company’s operations and customers in Hong Kong and China are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments, and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in Hong Kong and China, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar ($), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currency are Chinese Renminbi (RMB) and Hong Kong Dollar (HKD). Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate ruling at the date of transaction. Any differences between the initially recorded amount and the settlement amount are recorded as a gain or loss on foreign currency transaction in the consolidated statements of income. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated at the functional currency rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Any differences are taken to profit or loss as a gain or loss on foreign currency translation in the statements of income.

In accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, the Company translated the assets and liabilities into US $ using the rate of exchange prevailing at the applicable balance sheet date and the statements of income and cash flows are translated at an average rate during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded in shareholders’ equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Below is a table with foreign exchange rates used for translation:

For the years ended December 31, (Average Rate)	2021			2020
Chinese Renminbi (RMB)	RMB		6.47134	RMB		6.89826
United States dollar ($)		$	1.00000		$	1.00000

As of December 31, (Closing Rate)	2021			2020
Chinese Renminbi (RMB)	RMB		6.44795	RMB		6.52825
United States dollar ($)		$	1.00000		$	1.00000

For the years ended December 31, (Average Rate)	2021			2020
Hong Kong (HKD)	HKD		7.77260	HKD		7.75599
United States dollar ($)		$	1.00000		$	1.00000

As of December 31, (Closing Rate)	2021			2020
Hong Kong (HKD)	HKD		7.79580	HKD		7.75230
United States dollar ($)		$	1.00000		$	1.00000

For the years ended December 31, (Average Rate)	2021			2020
Hong Kong (HKD)	HKD		1.20480	HKD		1.12434
Chinese Renminbi (RMB)		$	1.00000		$	1.00000

As of December 31, (Closing Rate)	2021			2020
Hong Kong (HKD)	HKD		1.22570	HKD		1.18750
Chinese Renminbi (RMB)		$	1.00000		$	1.00000

Revenue Recognition

The Company earns revenue by selling merchandise to end using customers primarily through distribution agent and directly to customers.

Revenue is recognized in accordance with the following five steps: when merchandise is purchased by the customer which identifies the contract (step 1) and performance obligations in the contract (step 2) with Customers. When the Company confirmed the price and collectability is reasonably assured which indicates that the transaction price is determined (step 3) and allocated to the performance obligations in the contract (step 4). When the merchandise is delivered to the customer, the performance obligation is satisfied (step 5). Revenue from wholesale distribution agent is recognized after goods delivered, amount fixed or determined and collectability is reasonably assured when the above mentioned five steps are completed.

All revenues are shown net of estimated returns during the relevant period represented by measuring the returns obligations with estimated allowance for sales returns based upon historical experience.

The Company records sales tax collected from its customers on a net basis, and therefore excludes it from revenue as defined in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the provision of sales return were $Nil and $Nil respectively.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes the cost of materials, labor, and relevant manufacturing expenses.

Selling Expenses

Selling expenses include packaging and shipping costs, as well as advertising and certain expenses associated with operating the Company’s corporate headquarters.

Advertising Costs

The Company expensed all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense, net of reimbursement from suppliers, amounted to $Nil and $Nil for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively. Advertising expense is included in selling expense and general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Leases

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with its historical accounting under Topic 840.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which allowed it to carry forward its historical lease classification, its assessment on whether a contract was or contains a lease, and its initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to January 1, 2020. The Company also elected to combine its lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off the balance sheet and recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Upon adoption, the Company recognized ROU assets with corresponding liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The ROU assets include adjustments for prepayments and accrued lease payments. The adoption did not impact its beginning retained earnings, or its prior year consolidated statements of income and statements of cash flows.

Under Topic 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, the Company considers only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. As most of its leases do not provide an implicit rate, it uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise such options.

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, current and non-current operating lease liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company did not have a lease that met the criteria of a capital lease. Leases that do not qualify as a capital lease are classified as an operating lease. Operating lease rental expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses for year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $Nil and $Nil respectively.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable is recognized and carried at the original invoice amount less allowance for any uncollectible amounts. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained for all customers based on a variety of factors, including the industry practice, the length of time the receivables are past due, significant one-time events and historical experience. The Company is selling products delivered to certain customers which are closed to Agriculture Cooperatives as defined by ASC 905 “Agriculture”. The collection cycle may be varied and depended on the growing crops cycle.

Management reviews and adjusts this allowance periodically based on historical experience and its evaluation of the collectability of outstanding accounts receivable. The Company evaluates the credit risk of its customers utilizing historical data and estimates of future performance. Bad debts are written off as incurred.

Outstanding accounts balances are reviewed individually for collectability. The Company does not charge any interest income on trade receivables. Accounts balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. To date, the Company has not charged off any balances as it has yet to exhaust all means of collection.

During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the provision of doubtful debts were $Nil and $Nil respectively.

Inventories

Inventories primarily consist of merchandise inventories and are stated at lower of cost or market and net realizable value. Cost of inventories is calculated on the weighted average basis which approximates cost.

Management regularly reviews inventories and records valuation reserves for damaged and defective returns, inventories with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and inventories with carrying value that exceeds market value. Because of its product mix, the Company has not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence.

Inventory shrinkage is accrued as a percentage of revenues based on historical inventory shrinkage trends. The Company performs physical inventory count of its stores once per quarter and cycle counts inventories at its distribution centers once per quarter throughout the year. The reserve for inventory shrinkage represents an estimate for inventory shrinkage for each store since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date.

These reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from expectations.

During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the provision of inventory reversal were $21,111 and $89,148 respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Significant additions or improvements extending useful lives of assets are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method with 5% scrape value as follows:

Buildings		20 years
Machinery & equipment		10 years
Office equipment		3 years
Motor vehicles		4 years

Land Use Rights

According to the laws of the PRC, the government owns all the land in the PRC. Companies or individuals are authorized to possess and use the land only through the land use rights granted by the government. The land use rights represent cost of the rights to use the land in respect of properties located in the PRC. Land use rights are carried at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of rights of 50 years.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Under ASC 350, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other, goodwill is not amortized but evaluated for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value may not be recoverable.

The Company performed an annual impairment test as of the end of fiscal year 2021, and determined that an impairment loss in the amount of $Nil were recorded in 2021.

Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows, usually at the store level. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not considered recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. If the asset is determined not to be recoverable, then it is considered to be impaired and the impairment to be recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques, as defined in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.

The Company determined the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset by projecting future revenue and operating expense for each store under consideration for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions.

During the reporting periods, the Company performed the evaluation and there was no impairment loss.

Cash and Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash in bank deposit accounts in Hong Kong and PRC, and considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of the institution to limit its concentration risk exposure.

The Company’s customers are mainly located in the northeastern China. Because of this, the Company is subject to regional risks, such as the economy, regional financial conditions and unemployment, weather conditions, power outages, and other natural disasters specific to the region in which the Company operates.

Retirement Benefit Plans

Full time employees of the Company in China participate in a government mandated defined contribution plan, pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Company to make contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ salaries. The Company accounts the mandated defined contribution plan under the vested benefit obligations approach based on the guidance of ASC 715, Compensation—Retirement Benefits.

The total amounts for such employee benefits which were expensed were $3,998 and $1,386 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach and allows for recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization is uncertain.

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other consolidated financial statements. The Company’s current component of comprehensive income is the net income and foreign currency translation adjustment.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in one industry segment, operating manufacturing and selling of organic bio-fertilizer. ASC 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Given the economic characteristics of the similar nature of the products sold, the type of customer and the method of distribution, the Company operates as one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280, Segment Reporting.

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

In accordance with ASC No. 260 “Earnings Per Share”, the basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is computed similarly to basic earnings (loss) per common share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). The main objective of the standard is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. In issuing this standard, the FASB is responding to criticism that today’s guidance delays recognition of credit losses. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The standard is applicable to loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, and other financial assets measured at amortized cost, loan commitments and certain other off-balance sheet credit exposures, debt securities (including those held-to-maturity) and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. The CECL model does not apply to available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the credit losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. Accordingly, the new methodology will be utilized when assessing the Company’s financial instruments for impairment. As a result, entities will recognize improvements to estimated credit losses immediately in earnings rather than as interest income over time, as they do today. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. ASU 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years under a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted for the periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted the guidance from July 1, 2020. The Company finalized its analysis and the adoption of this guidance has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and its internal controls over financial reporting.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13), which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements, including removing the requirement to disclose (1) the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, (2) the policy for timing of transfers between levels and (3) the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 also added new disclosures including the requirement to disclose (a) the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and (b) the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. This standard will only impact the disclosures pertaining to fair value measurements. The Company adopted the guidance from July 1, 2020. The Company finalized its analysis and the adoption of this guidance has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and its internal controls over financial reporting.

GREEN VISION BIOTECHNOLOGY CORP. 10-K