As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 1, 2025

Registration No. 333-289826

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1
to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

CANARY AMERICAN-MADE CRYPTO ETF

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	___________
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

c/o Canary Capital Group LLC
Steven McClurg
8 Cadillac Drive, Suite 300
Brentwood, TN 37027
(615) 200-0788
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Copy to:
Morrison C. Warren, Esq.,
James Audette, Esq.,
Chapman and Cutler LLP
320 South Canal Street
Chicago, IL 60606
(312) 845-3484

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this Preliminary Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Preliminary Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion Dated December 1, 2025

PROSPECTUS

Shares

Canary American-Made
Cryptocurrencies ETF

The Canary American-Made Crypto ETF (the “Trust”) is an exchange-traded product that issues shares of beneficial interest (the “Shares”) that trade on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”). The Trust’s principal investment objective is to invest in a portfolio (“Portfolio”) of Crypto Assets (each, a “Portfolio Crypto Asset” and collectively, “Portfolio Crypto Assets”) that tracks the CoinDesk Made-in-America Index (the “Index”). The Index is represented by no more than twelve Crypto Assets that (1) are supported by a U.S.-based foundation, headquarters or operations, (2) has a U.S. based management team, or (3) for Crypto Assets utilizing a proof-of-work protocol, have U.S. operators account for more than 25% of mined blocks. The Index excludes memecoins and Crypto Assets that do not meet the requirements of the Exchange’s generic listing standards applicable to investment vehicles such as the Trust. The Index was created and is maintained by CoinDesk Indices, Inc. (the “Index Provider”). As a secondary objective, the Trust will seek to generate rewards through the validation of transactions on the respective networks corresponding to the Portfolio Crypto Assets, if such opportunities exist. As used herein, “Crypto Assets” means a cryptographic asset designed to work as a store of value and/or medium of exchange wherein individual Crypto Asset ownership records are stored in a ledger, a computerized database using cryptography to secure transaction records, to control the creation of additional Crypto Assets and to verify the transfer of Crypto Asset ownership. Canary Capital Group LLC (the “Sponsor”) is the sponsor of the Trust, CSC Delaware Trust Company (the “Trustee”) is the trustee of the Trust, ________ (“________” or the “Transfer Agent”) is the Trust’s transfer agent (in such capacity, the “Transfer Agent”) and cash custodian (in such capacity, the “Cash Custodian”), and ________ (the “Custodian”) is the custodian for the Trust, and will hold all of the Portfolio Crypto Assets on the Trust’s behalf.

The Trust is an exchange-traded product. When the Trust sells or redeems its Shares, it will do so in blocks of [____] Shares (a “Basket”) based on the quantity of Crypto Assets attributable to each Share of the Trust (net of accrued but unpaid expenses and liabilities). For a subscription for Shares, the subscription shall be in the amount of cash or Crypto Assets needed to purchase the amount of Crypto Assets represented by the Basket being created, as calculated by the Administrator (as defined below). For a redemption of Shares, the Sponsor shall arrange for the Crypto Assets represented by the Basket to be sold and the cash or Crypto Assets proceeds distributed. Financial firms that are authorized to purchase or redeem Shares with the Trust (known as “Authorized Participants”) will deliver, or facilitate the delivery of, Crypto Assets or cash to the Trust’s account with the Custodian (in the case of Crypto Assets) or Cash Custodian (in the case of cash) in exchange for Shares when they purchase Shares, and the Trust will deliver Crypto Assets or cash to such Authorized Participant or an Authorized Participant’s designee (an “Authorized Participant Designee) when they redeem Shares with the Trust. Shares initially comprising the same Basket but offered by the Authorized Participants to the public at different times may have different offering prices, which depend on various factors, including the supply and demand for Shares, the value of the Trust’s assets, and market conditions at the time of a transaction. Owners of the beneficial interests of Shares (“Shareholders”) who buy or sell Shares during the day from their broker on the secondary market may do so at a premium or discount relative to the per Share net asset value of the Trust.

Shareholders who decide to buy or sell Shares of the Trust will place their trade orders through their brokers and will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Shares. The Shares are expected to be listed for trading, subject to notice of issuance, on the Exchange under the ticker symbol “MRCA.”

The offering of an indeterminate amount of the Trust’s Shares is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). The offering is intended to be a continuous offering. The Trust is not a fund registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and is not subject to regulation under the 1940 Act. Investors in the Trust will not, therefore, receive the regulatory protections afforded by funds registered under the 1940 Act. The Sponsor is not an “Investment Adviser” (as defined in Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”)), and therefore the Sponsor’s provision of services to the Trust will not be governed by the Advisers Act and is not subject to a fiduciary standard of care. The Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended (the “CEA”), and the Sponsor is not subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading advisor. Shareholders in the Trust will not benefit from the protections afforded to investors in Crypto Assets futures contracts on regulated futures markets. The Trust’s Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor or the Trustee.

[On ____, 202_, ____ (the “Seed Capital Investor”), an affiliate of the Sponsor, purchased one (1) Share at a per-Share price of $___ (the “Seed Share”). Delivery of the Seed Share was made on ____, 202_. Total proceeds to the Trust from the sale of the Seed Share were $___. On ____, 202_, the Seed Share was redeemed for cash and the Seed Capital Investor purchased ____ Shares at a per-Share price of $____ (the “Seed Baskets”). Total proceeds to the Trust from the sale of the Seed Baskets were $____. On ____, 202_, the Trust purchased ____ Crypto Assets with the proceeds of the Seed Baskets. As of the date of the Prospectus, these ____Shares represent all of the outstanding Shares. The Seed Capital Investor will act as a statutory underwriter in connection with the Seed Baskets. See “Seed Capital Investor” for additional information.]

The price of the Seed Share and the Seed Baskets was determined as described herein and such Shares could be sold at different prices if sold by the Seed Capital Investor at different times.

AN INVESTMENT IN THE TRUST INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISKS AND MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR SHAREHOLDERS WHO ARE NOT IN A POSITION TO ACCEPT MORE RISK THAN MAY BE INVOLVED WITH EXCHANGE-TRADED PRODUCTS THAT DO NOT HOLD Crypto Assets. THE SHARES ARE SPECULATIVE SECURITIES. THEIR PURCHASE INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK AND YOU COULD LOSE YOUR ENTIRE INVESTMENT. YOU SHOULD CONSIDER ALL RISK FACTORS BEFORE INVESTING IN THE TRUST. PLEASE REFER TO “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE __.

the Shares of the trust are neither interests in nor obligations of the Sponsor, the trustee, the administrator, the transfer agent, THE Distributor, the custodian or any of their respective affiliates. the Shares are not insured or guaranteed by the federal deposit insurance corporation or any other governmental agency.

NEITHER THE SEC NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THE SECURITIES OFFERED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

THE TRUST IS AN “EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY” AS THAT TERM IS USED IN THE JUMPSTART OUR BUSINESS STARTUPS ACT OF 2012 AND, AS SUCH, MAY ELECT TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN REDUCED REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

The date of this Prospectus is _______, 202_

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	1
Crypto Assets, Crypto Assets MARKETS AND REGULATION OF Crypto Assets	17
RISK FACTORS	23
THE TRUST AND Crypto Assets PRICES	66
CALCULATION OF NAV	71
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST	73
THE TRUST’S SERVICE PROVIDERS	76
CUSTODY OF THE TRUST’S ASSETS	80
TRANSFER OF SHARES	83
SEED CAPITAL INVESTOR	83
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	83
CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES	85
USE OF PROCEEDS	91
OWNERSHIP OR BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE TRUST	91
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST	91
DUTIES OF THE SPONSOR	93
LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION	94
PROVISIONS OF LAW	97
BOOKS AND RECORDS	98
STATEMENTS, FILINGS, AND REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS	98
FISCAL YEAR	98
GOVERNING LAW; CONSENT TO DELAWARE JURISDICTION	99
LEGAL MATTERS	99
EXPERTS	99
MATERIAL CONTRACTS	99
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES	105
PURCHASES BY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS	108
INFORMATION YOU SHOULD KNOW	109
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY	110
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	110
PRIVACY POLICY	110
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	112

This Prospectus contains information you should consider when making an investment decision about the Shares of the Trust. You may rely on the information contained in this Prospectus. The Trust and the Sponsor have not authorized any person to provide you with different information and, if anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell the Shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of the Shares is not permitted.

The Shares of the Trust are not registered for public sale in any jurisdiction other than the United States.

STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Prospectus includes “forward-looking statements” that generally relate to future events or future performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. All statements (other than statements of historical fact) included in this Prospectus that address activities, events or developments that will or may occur in the future, including such matters as movements in the digital asset markets and indexes that track such movements, the Trust’s operations, the Sponsor’s plans and references to the Trust’s future success and other similar matters, are forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. These statements are based upon certain assumptions and analyses the Sponsor has made based on its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors appropriate in the circumstances.

Whether or not actual results and developments will conform to the Sponsor’s expectations and predictions, however, is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the special considerations discussed in this Prospectus, general economic, market and business conditions, changes in laws or regulations, including those concerning taxes, made by governmental authorities or regulatory bodies, and other world economic and political developments. Consequently, all the forward-looking statements made in this Prospectus are qualified by these cautionary statements, and there can be no assurance that actual results or developments the Sponsor anticipates will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the expected consequences to, or have the expected effects on, the Trust’s operations or the value of its Shares.

Should one or more of these risks discussed in “Risk Factors” or other uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual outcomes may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are made based on the Sponsor’s beliefs, estimates and opinions on the date the statements are made and neither the Trust nor the Sponsor is under a duty or undertakes an obligation to update forward-looking statements if these beliefs, estimates and opinions or other circumstances should change, other than as required by applicable laws. Investors are therefore cautioned against placing undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This is only a summary of the Prospectus and, while it contains material information about the Trust and its Shares, it does not contain or summarize all of the information about the Trust and the Shares contained in this Prospectus that is material and/or which may be important to you. You should read this entire Prospectus before making an investment decision about the Shares.

Overview of the Trust

The Canary American-Made Crypto ETF (the “Trust”) is an exchange-traded fund that issues shares of beneficial interest (the “Shares”) that seeks to list and trade on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”). The Trust’s principal investment objective is to invest in a portfolio (“Portfolio”) of Crypto Assets (each, a “Portfolio Crypto Asset” and collectively, “Portfolio Crypto Assets”) that tracks the CoinDesk Made-in-America Index (the “Index”). The Index is represented by no more than twelve Crypto Assets that (1) are supported by a U.S.-based foundation, headquarters or operations, (2) has a U.S. based management team, or (3) for Crypto Assets utilizing a proof-of-work protocol, have U.S. operators account for more than 25% of mined blocks. The Index excludes memecoins and Crypto Assets that do not meet the requirements of the Exchange’s generic listing standards applicable to investment vehicles such as the Trust. The Index was created and is maintained by CoinDesk Indices, Inc. (the “Index Provider”). As a secondary objective, the Trust will seek to generate rewards through the validation of transactions on the respective networks corresponding to the Portfolio Crypto Assets, if such opportunities exist. As used herein, “Crypto Assets” means a cryptographic asset designed to work as a store of value and/or medium of exchange wherein individual Crypto Asset ownership records are stored in a ledger, a computerized database using cryptography to secure transaction records, to control the creation of additional Crypto Assets and to verify the transfer of Crypto Asset ownership. The Trust is sponsored by Canary Capital Group LLC (the “Sponsor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Canary Capital Group Inc.

[The Trust intends to provide direct exposure to the price of Crypto Assets held by the Trust with ________ (“________” or the “Custodian”). The Custodian is chartered as a South Dakota trust company that provides custody services for digital assets.] The Custodian is not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) but carries insurance provided by private insurance carriers, which is shared among all of such Custodian’s customers, is not specific to the Trust, and may not be available or sufficient to protect the Trust from all possible losses or sources of losses. The net assets of the Trust and its Shares are valued on a daily basis with reference to the Index, a standardized reference rate published by the Index Provider that is designed to reflect the performance of Crypto Assets in U.S. dollars. The Index is calculated by the Index Provider based on an aggregation of executed trade flow of major Crypto Assets trading platforms (“Constituent Platforms”). The Index is calculated as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern time (“ET”).

Buying, holding and selling Crypto Assets is very different from buying, holding and selling more conventional investments like stocks and bonds. Stocks represent ownership in a company, entitling shareholders to a portion of the company’s profits. Bonds are debt instruments issued by corporations or governments, where the bondholder is a creditor to the issuer that is generally entitled to a stream of income payments. Ownership of stocks and bonds is typically recorded through a centralized system managed by brokers, custodians or clearinghouses. Ownership of Crypto Assets does not entitle its holders to any portion of a company’s profits or any stream of income payments. Crypto Assets are decentralized digital assets and ownership is reflected on a decentralized ledger.

The Trust provides investors with the opportunity to access the market for Crypto Assets through a traditional brokerage account without the potential barriers to entry or risks involved with acquiring and holding Crypto Assets directly. The Trust will not use derivatives that could subject the Trust to additional counterparty and credit risks. The Sponsor believes that the design of the Trust will enable certain investors to more effectively and efficiently implement strategic and tactical asset allocation strategies that use Crypto Assets by investing in the Shares rather than purchasing, holding and trading Crypto Assets directly.

The Shareholders of the Trust take no part in the management or control, and have no voice in, the Trust’s operations or business. The Shareholders of the Trust take no part in the management or control, and have no voice in, the Trust’s operations or business. Shareholders have very limited voting rights as set forth in the Trust Agreement. However, certain actions, such as amendments or modifications that appoint a new sponsor (upon the withdrawal, removal or the adjudication or admission of bankruptcy or insolvency of the Sponsor) require the consent of Shareholders owning a majority (over 50%) of the outstanding Shares of the Trust (not including Shares held by the Sponsor or its Affiliates).

The Trust, the Sponsor and the Trust’s service providers will not loan or pledge the Trust’s assets, nor will the Trust’s assets, which include staked assets, serve as collateral for any loan or similar arrangement.

The Trust will not utilize leverage, derivatives or any similar arrangements in seeking to meet its investment objectives.

The Trust will stake, or cause to be staked, a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more staking infrastructure providers (each a “Staking Provider”). Under normal circumstances, the Sponsor will seek to stake all of the Trust’s Crypto Assets that utilize a proof-of-stake validation mechanism (“Proof-of-Stake Assets”) except for Proof-of-Stake Assets reserved by the Sponsor in its sole discretion to facilitate foreseeable redemption transactions, pay Trust expenses or otherwise protect the Trust and its assets, or where the Sponsor believes that the staking of such Proof-of-Stake Assets would result in an immaterial amount of rewards for the Trust (as of the date of this Prospectus, the Sponsor generally considers a staking yield of less than [ ]% to be immaterial). The Trust will stake the Trust’s Proof-of-Stake Assets through the Custodian using a software protocol provided by [ ] that connects the Trust to a pool of verified validator nodes for automated Crypto Assets staking optimization. As a result of any staking activity in which the Trust may engage, the Trust expects to receive certain staking rewards of Crypto Assets, which may be treated for federal income tax purposes as income to the Trust (see “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” for a further description of the tax implications of the activities of the Trust to an investor). The Trust itself will not engage in staking activities, including operation of a validator node. Instead, the staking program will be operated through the Trust’s service providers, including the Custodian and Staking Provider. The Staking Provider exercises no discretion as to the amount the Trust’s Crypto Assets to be staked or timing of the staking activities. The Custodian will maintain exclusive possession and control of the private keys associated with any staked Crypto Assets at all times. Staking activity involves the delegation of Crypto Assets to validators and carries certain risks, including the risk of loss or destruction of the staked Crypto Assets through a protocols “slashing” or similar mechanism, if applicable. Additionally, the staking process includes protocol-defined warm-up, activation and withdrawal periods, during which delegated Crypto Assets are temporarily locked and inaccessible. These phases affect when Crypto Assets begins earning rewards, participates in consensus and becomes available for transfer or redelegation. The description and considerations related to staking are discussed more fully in “Principal Risks—Risks Associated with Crypto Assets and Blockchains.”

[Under the Custodial Services Agreement, the Staking Provider will be entitled to [ ]% of the staking rewards generated by the Trust’s staking program (the “Staking Provider Consideration”). The Staking Provider Compensation will be paid by the Custodian from the proceeds of the staking program received by the Trust.]

Overview of the Crypto Asset Industry

Digital or Crypto Assets are bearer assets whose ownership is secured by cryptographic protocols and incentives that operate on a network of computers utilizing public transaction ledgers of a Crypto Asset’s network on which transactions are recorded (“Blockchains”). Crypto Assets are intended to allow for storage and transfer without the need for a trusted intermediary. Well-known Blockchains that have their own native Crypto Assets include Bitcoin and Ethereum.

Crypto Assets are traded on trading venues around the world, as well as on over-the-counter and peer-to-peer markets. Crypto Assets can be converted to fiat currencies or into other Crypto Assets at rates determined by supply and demand on these markets. Derivative investment products, including futures, options, and swaps contracts, are also available that allow investors to build sophisticated investment and trading strategies focused around the most prominent Crypto Assets.

The number and diversity of market participants and companies operating in the Crypto Asset space has also increased dramatically over the past several years. Currently, there are a wide range of companies providing services related to Crypto Assets to retail and institutional investors. These include companies that provide trading venues, custody solutions for institutional and retail investors, investment funds, payment services, trading services, lending and collateral management, and prime brokerage.

The ownership of Crypto Assets are recorded in a digital ledger or database, called a Blockchain. Blockchains differ from traditional databases in that they are designed not to be controlled by any single party, but rather, to be maintained by a distributed network of computers, each of which maintains and updates its own copy of the ledger. Each participant in this network is incentivized to process transactions according to a set of predetermined rules and to keep its ledger consistent with the rest of the network over time.

The exact method with which each Blockchain network processes and records transactions can, and usually does, vary from Blockchain to Blockchain. There are myriad architectural decisions participants either implicitly or explicitly agree to when they join a certain network, which includes the level of decentralization, privacy, throughput, and other features a network can provide. These decisions usually involve trade-offs and therefore each Blockchain network is typically optimized for specific capabilities, limitations, and target use cases. As a nascent and fast-changing area, the Crypto Asset market carries significant risks and uncertainty.

The Index

The Index is designed and maintained by the Index Provider to measure the performance of up to twelve digital assets that meet defined U.S. presence and regulatory eligibility criteria. The Index seeks to provide exposure to Crypto Assets with identifiable ties to the United States by requiring, among other things, that each asset either has U.S.-based organizational infrastructure (such as a foundation, headquarters or operations) or a U.S.-based management team; and, for proof-of-work assets, that U.S. operators have accounted for more than 25% of mined blocks over a trailing one-year period. Assets deemed “memecoins” are excluded. Each eligible asset must also meet the Exchange’s generic listing standards applicable to commodity-based trust shares and the liquidity, listing and operational screens specified in the methodology.

The Index is drawn from a defined universe and applies additional rules to improve investability and mitigate uncompensated risks. Each constituent must be listed on multiple eligible trading venues that contribute to the Index’s reference rates, have sufficient observable liquidity over a rolling window, satisfy a minimum listing history, and be accessible to customers in the specified jurisdiction (e.g., the United States). Where applicable, constituents must be eligible for institutional custody at required custodians under the Index Provider’s policies. Constituents are selected by market capitalization (as of the Index’s Reconstitution Reference Date) subject to a target count cap of 12 and a selection buffer to reduce turnover if the cap is met. Constituents are weighted by market capitalization, with a 20% single-asset cap and a 1% floor, as implemented through weighting adjustment factors.

The Index uses administered spot and settlement reference rates for calculation and reconstitution. Real-time (“spot”) Index values are calculated 24x7 using constituent spot reference rates, and a daily “settlement” value is calculated using the applicable settlement reference rate. Reconstitutions are scheduled quarterly, effective at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the last business day of January, April, July and October, with changes announced in advance on a defined calendar. Between scheduled reconstitutions, changes occur only in extraordinary circumstances and deletions, if any, are not replaced until the next scheduled reconstitution.

The Index methodology includes defined procedures for corporate actions and network events and maintains a formulaic divisor adjustment to preserve index continuity when the constituent set or shares used for weighting change for reasons other than market price movement. The Index methodology, including classification and data sources used to assess U.S. presence, liquidity, and other eligibility criteria, is designed and governed by the Index Provider’s policies and may be updated to remain aligned with the Index’s stated objective and prevailing regulatory and exchange standards.

Should any material change be made to the Index methodology that results in a material change to the composition of the Index and, as part of the Trust’s quarterly rebalancing process, results in a material change to the composition of the Trust the Sponsor will notify Shareholders of such material change by filing a Form 8-K with the SEC. The Trust defines a material change as any change of 10% or more to the composition of the Index, and that also results in a corresponding change to the Trust. If not required by applicable law, the Trust may or may not file a Form 8-K with the SEC to disclose changes to the Index methodology that do not result in a material change. When deciding whether or not to file a Form 8-K to disclose changes to the Index Methodology that do not result in a material change, the Trust will consider whether the particular changes are required to be disclosed by one or more of the specific requirements of Form 8-K, and whether there is an independent legal obligation under the federal securities laws to make such a disclosure even in the absence of a specific requirement in Form 8-K. The Trust may have additional current or periodic reporting obligations under the Exchange Act due to other changes to the Index Methodology, such as to how the Index is calculated.

The following is an overview of the constituents in the Index as of [November 26, 2025]:

Avalanche (AVAX)

Avalanche is a decentralized, open-source blockchain platform designed to support smart contracts (programs that automate agreements) and custom blockchain networks. It uses a consensus protocol to achieve high throughput and low latency, enabling the rapid settlement of transactions and the deployment of decentralized applications. Avalanche is compatible with the software made for Ethereum, facilitating interoperability with Ethereum-based applications.

AVAX has a hard-capped maximum supply of 720 million AVAX. At genesis, 360 million AVAX were minted and allocated across sales, founders, the foundation/ecosystem, and community programs pursuant to multi-year vesting schedules; the remaining 360 million AVAX are released over time as staking rewards to validators and delegators according to protocol parameters. All base fees on the X-, C-, and P-Chains and certain on-chain fees (for creating subnets, assets, and blockchains) are burned, permanently reducing supply; there is no fixed burn schedule, and the amount burned depends on network usage.

As of September 26, 2025, AVAX had approximately 457.28 million total supply outstanding and approximately 422.27 million circulating supply.

Bitcoin (BTC)

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital asset native to the open-source Bitcoin network, which records transactions on a public, permissionless blockchain secured through proof-of-work. No single entity controls Bitcoin’s development or operation; protocol changes require broad consensus among miners, node operators and developers. Bitcoin’s supply is capped at 21 million units and new issuance declines over time through periodic “halving” events, which affect miner economics and may influence network security.

Bitcoin is used as a store of value, medium of exchange and collateral in certain digital asset markets. It is the largest digital asset by market capitalization and trades on numerous platforms globally, but remains highly volatile and subject to fragmented market structure, varying venue practices and derivatives-driven dynamics. Adoption and liquidity depend on user demand, availability of compliant on- and off-ramps, competition from other networks and broader macroeconomic conditions.

Bitcoin operates in an evolving regulatory environment across jurisdictions, and changes in laws or enforcement relating to mining, energy usage, taxation, anti-money laundering, sanctions or securities and commodities regulation could materially impact markets and service providers. The network faces risks from software defects, cyberattacks, mining concentration, transaction fee spikes and environmental or energy policy developments. Ownership and infrastructure reliance may be concentrated among a limited number of holders and service providers, which could contribute to manipulation, illiquidity, operational failures or extreme price movements.

Chainlink (LINK)

Chainlink is a decentralized oracle network that delivers tamper-resistant data and computation to smart contracts across multiple blockchains. LINK is the native token used to compensate oracle node operators and, in certain configurations, to secure services through staking and incentive alignment. Network design, staking parameters and service configurations are subject to ongoing development by ecosystem contributors and may change over time.

Chainlink supports price feeds, proof-of-reserves, verifiable randomness, cross-chain messaging and other services used by decentralized finance, gaming, NFTs and enterprise applications. LINK trades on numerous digital asset trading platforms and is subject to significant volatility, with demand influenced by broader market cycles, decentralized application growth and competition from alternative oracle providers or native modules. Market structure risks include fragmented liquidity, varying venue quality, manipulation and derivatives activity.

Regulatory treatment of oracle networks and LINK remains uncertain and varies by jurisdiction, and changes to securities, commodities, payments, data privacy, consumer protection and anti-money laundering rules could affect node operators, staking programs and demand for oracle services. Operational risks include data source manipulation, node collusion, software bugs and outages or degradations in reference contracts or off-chain reporting that could propagate losses to dependent applications. Concentration among node operators, data providers or governance influencers may create systemic or reputational risks.

Hedera (HBAR)

Hedera is a public distributed ledger that uses a hashgraph consensus algorithm rather than a traditional blockchain. HBAR is the native token used to pay transaction fees, secure the network through staking and access network services such as smart contracts, tokenization and file storage. Governance is conducted by the Hedera Governing Council, which oversees network strategy and key protocol decisions and differs from fully permissionless governance models.

Hedera supports enterprise and consumer applications across payments, identity, supply chain and asset tokenization. HBAR trades on multiple digital asset trading platforms and is subject to significant price volatility, fragmented liquidity and venue-specific operational risks. Adoption depends on network reliability and performance, developer tooling and integrations, enterprise demand for public ledgers and competition from alternative networks.

The regulatory environment for HBAR and distributed ledger services continues to evolve across jurisdictions, including securities and commodities laws, money transmission, sanctions, consumer protection and data privacy. Operational risks include centralization concerns related to council governance, node operator concentration, software defects, cyberattacks, outages and vulnerabilities in smart contracts, bridges or third-party integrations. Ownership may be concentrated among early stakeholders or council-affiliated entities, and treasury distributions can affect circulating supply and market dynamics.

Litecoin (LTC)

Litecoin is a peer-to-peer digital asset and open-source network launched in 2011 as a payments-focused alternative to Bitcoin. It uses proof-of-work mining based on the Scrypt hashing algorithm and targets faster block confirmation times than Bitcoin. Litecoin’s supply is capped at 84 million units, and issuance declines through periodic “halving” events that affect miner economics, network security considerations and transaction fee dynamics. There is no central authority controlling the network, and protocol changes depend on broad community acceptance by miners, node operators and developers.

Litecoin is primarily used as a medium of exchange and for transfers, and it is supported by a wide range of wallets, payment processors and trading platforms. LTC trades globally and is highly volatile, with liquidity fragmented across venues that differ in transparency, security and compliance practices. Adoption and liquidity depend on merchant and payment integrations, availability of compliant on- and off-ramps, competitive dynamics with other payment networks and digital assets (including Bitcoin, stablecoins and layer-2 solutions), and broader macroeconomic conditions.

Regulatory treatment of Litecoin and related activities varies by jurisdiction and continues to evolve across securities and commodities regulation, taxation, anti-money laundering, sanctions and payments laws. Operational risks include software vulnerabilities, cyberattacks, mining concentration, potential 51% attacks, outages and significant transaction fee fluctuations that may affect usability. Ownership and infrastructure reliance may be concentrated among a limited number of miners, pools, service providers or large holders, which could contribute to manipulation, illiquidity, operational failures or extreme price movements.

Solana (SOL)

Solana is a high-performance blockchain platform known for fast transaction speeds and low fees. It uses Proof of History combined with Proof of Stake to achieve scalability and supports a wide range of decentralized applications and smart contracts.

SOL has no fixed maximum supply; issuance is inflationary with protocol burns offsetting a portion of emissions. As of September 2025, the total supply of SOL is approximately 610 million, with circulating supply of approximately 543 million (figures fluctuate due to ongoing issuance and fee burns).

New SOL is distributed via staking rewards to validators and delegators under a disinflationary schedule that began around 8% annual inflation and decays by 15% per year until reaching a long-term rate of about 1.5%. The protocol permanently burns a portion of transaction fees (historically 50%), reducing net supply growth over time.

Stellar (XLM)

Stellar is an open-source, decentralized payment network focused on cross-border transfers and tokenization of digital and real-world assets. XLM (Lumens) is the native token used for transaction fees, minimum account balances and, in certain contexts, as an intermediary asset for currency conversion. The network uses the Stellar Consensus Protocol, a federated Byzantine agreement model, and the Stellar Development Foundation plays a significant role in ecosystem stewardship, software releases and grants.

Stellar’s primary use cases include remittances, cross-border payments, stablecoin issuance and tokenization, with adoption dependent on partnerships with financial institutions and money service businesses, regulatory compliance, user experience and integration with fiat on- and off-ramps. XLM trades across many platforms and is highly volatile, with liquidity fragmented across venues of varying regulatory oversight and operational robustness. Market dynamics, including speculative activity and news related to partnerships or regulation, can drive rapid price movements and liquidity dislocations.

The regulatory landscape for cross-border payments and tokenization is complex and evolving across jurisdictions, including securities and commodities regulation, payments and money transmission, sanctions, consumer protection and data privacy. Operational risks include protocol defects, validator misconfiguration, quorum selection failures, cyberattacks, smart contract or token issuance vulnerabilities, bridge exploits and outages affecting throughput or reliability. XLM holdings may be concentrated among early stakeholders or SDF-controlled wallets, and treasury actions or distributions can affect market perceptions, price stability and governance influence.

XRP (XRP)

XRP is the native digital asset of the XRP Ledger, an open-source payment and exchange network designed for fast, low-cost value transfer and on-ledger token issuance and trading. The network relies on a variant of federated agreement among validator nodes using unique node lists, and market participants often reference widely used lists published by prominent ecosystem entities. XRP has a fixed supply created at inception, with significant allocations historically subject to on-ledger escrow and scheduled releases.

XRP is used for payments, cross-border transfers, liquidity management and tokenized asset movement on the XRP Ledger. Adoption depends on partnerships with financial institutions and payment providers, integration with fiat and stablecoin rails, competitive dynamics with other payment networks and stablecoin solutions, and the availability of compliant market infrastructure. XRP trades globally across numerous platforms, with liquidity and price formation affected by listings and delistings, custody availability, derivatives markets and jurisdictional differences.

XRP and related activities have been the subject of significant regulatory scrutiny and litigation, and the asset’s status may vary across jurisdictions under securities, commodities and payments laws. Operational risks include validator misconfiguration or UNL disputes, software vulnerabilities, cyberattacks, outages and bridge or application exploits, as well as reliance on a subset of ecosystem entities for software, infrastructure or reference UNLs. Concentrated holdings and treasury actions, including escrow releases or programmatic sales, could affect prices, liquidity and market perceptions, and dependence on a limited number of service providers may create operational and counterparty risks.

Summary of Risk Factors

An investment in the Trust involves risks described in the section below entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Prospectus. Some of these risks are summarized below.

Risks associated with Crypto Assets and the Digital Asset Networks

Crypto Assets are a relatively new technological innovation with a limited history. There is no assurance that usage of Blockchains or Crypto Assets will continue to grow. A contraction in the use or adoption of a Crypto Asset may result in increased volatility or a reduction in the price of such Crypto Asset, which could adversely impact the value of the Shares. Sales of Crypto Assets that have been newly released from escrow may cause the price of Crypto Assets to decline, which could negatively affect an investment in the Shares. Crypto Asset markets have a limited history, Crypto Asset trading prices have exhibited high levels of volatility, and in some cases such volatility has been sudden and extreme. Because of such volatility, Shareholders could lose all or substantially all of their investment in the Trust. Regulation of the use of Crypto Assets and Blockchains continues to evolve both in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions, which may restrict the use of Crypto Assets or otherwise impact the demand for Crypto Assets. Disruptions at digital asset trading platforms could adversely affect the availability of Crypto Assets and the ability of Authorized Participants to purchase or sell Crypto Assets and, therefore, their ability to create and redeem Shares.

Spot markets on which Crypto Assets trade are relatively new and largely unregulated or may not be complying with existing regulations and, therefore, may be more exposed to fraud and security breaches than established, regulated exchanges for other financial assets or instruments, which could have a negative impact on the performance of the Trust. Disruptions at Crypto Assets spot markets, futures markets and in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets could adversely affect the availability of Crypto Assets and the ability of Authorized Participants (as defined below) to purchase or sell Crypto Assets or Crypto Assets derivatives (or provide cash in relation thereto) and therefore their ability to create and redeem Shares of the Trust. The loss or destruction of certain “private keys,” including by the Custodian, could prevent the Trust from accessing its Crypto Assets. Loss of these private keys may be irreversible and could result in the loss of all or substantially all of an investment in the Trust. Loss of private keys may also impede the Trust’s ability to operate, including by limiting the Trust’s ability to transfer Crypto Assets in the face of a redemption request and forcing the Trust to consider liquidation.

Risks Associated with the Index

The failure of the Index methodology to measure the actual price of Crypto Assets could have an adverse effect on the Trust and on the value of an investment in the Trust. In addition, the price of Crypto Assets as calculated by the Index methodology may differ from the price of Crypto Assets calculated by other methodologies and the price of Crypto Assets on any single spot market.

Risks Associated with Investing in the Trust

Shareholders may choose to use the Trust as a means of investing indirectly in Crypto Assets. As noted, there are significant risks and hazards inherent in the Crypto Assets market that may cause the price of Crypto Assets to fluctuate widely. Shareholders considering a purchase of Shares of the Trust should carefully consider what percentage of their total assets should be exposed to the Crypto Assets market, and should fully understand, be willing to assume, and have the financial resources necessary to withstand, the risks involved in the Trust’s investment strategy, and be in a position to bear the potential loss of their entire investment in the Trust. Because the value of Crypto Assets, and thus the value of the Shares, may be extremely volatile, Shareholders will need to monitor their investment frequently.

In addition, the Trust intends to establish a program to stake a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more Staking Providers. Staking activity comes with a risk of loss of Crypto Assets. None of the Trust’s assets, including any staked assets, are subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or SIPC member institutions. The staked assets may also be subject to “slashing” penalties. Slashings occur when a validator attests to two different histories of the chain and penalties occur when a validator is offline for a prolonged period of time. The Trust itself will not engage in staking activities, including the operation of a validator node. Instead, the staking program will be operated through the Trust’s service providers, including the Custodian and Staking Provider. In combination, they deter malicious validators from attacking blockchains and ensure consistent participation of validators to maintain network stability. While the Sponsor does not expect the activities of the Staking Provider to result in slashing penalties, there can be no guarantee that slashing penalties will not occur. Furthermore, the Custodian’s liability to the Trust for the actions of the Staking Provider is limited, and the Custodian may lack the assets or insurance in order to support the recovery of any losses incurred. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that the Trust would recover any of its staked assets, or the value thereof, if it is subject to slashing or penalties.

Under the Custodial Services Agreement, the Staking Provider is entitled to the Staking Provider Consideration. The payment of the Staking Provider Consideration by the Custodian will reduce the portion of the staking rewards generated by the Trust’s staking program that are actually received by the Trust. Accordingly, the staking rewards actually received by the Trust will likely be less than what the Trust would receive if the Trust were to administer its own staking program without the assistance of third-party service providers.

There is no assurance that the Trust will generate a profit for investors. In addition, an actual or perceived breach of the Trust’s account with the Custodian could harm the Trust’s operations, result in partial or total loss of the Trust’s assets, damage the Trust’s reputation and negatively affect the market perception of the effectiveness of the Trust, all of which could in turn reduce demand for the Shares, resulting in a reduction in the price of the Shares. The Trust may also cease operations, the occurrence of which could similarly result in a reduction in the price of the Shares. Any investment made in the Trust may result in a total loss of the investment.

The Trust’s net return will not match the performance of the Index because the Trust incurs operating expenses and other fees and liabilities. Moreover, the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Trust may deviate from the market price of its Shares for a number of reasons, including price volatility, trading activity, normal trading hours for the Trust, the calculation methodology of the NAV, and/or the closing of Crypto Asset trading platforms due to fraud, failure, security breaches or otherwise.

Shareholders of the Trust should not expect to receive the economic benefit of any “fork” of a Blockchain or asset “air dropped” to holders of Crypto Assets. The Sponsor will cause the Trust to irrevocably abandon any digital asset resulting from a fork of a Blockchain (other than what the Sponsor determines to be a continuation of the forked Crypto Asset) or any air drop. If the Trust were to change this policy, the Trust would need to seek and obtain certain regulatory approvals, including an amendment to the Trust’s registration statement of which this Prospectus is a part and approval of an application by the Exchange to amend its listing rules.

Pricing Information Available on the Exchange and Other Sources

The current market price per Share (symbol: “MRCA”) will be published continuously as trades occur throughout each trading day on the consolidated tape by market data vendors.

The Indicative Trust Value (the “ITV”) per Share will be published by the Exchange once every 15 seconds throughout each trading day on the consolidated tape by market data vendors.

The website for the Trust, www.canary.capital, or any successor thereto, which will be publicly accessible at no charge, will contain the following information: (a) the prior business day’s NAV; (b) the prior business day’s official closing price; (c) calculation of the premium or discount of such Exchange’s official closing price against such NAV; (d) data in chart form displaying the frequency distribution of discounts and premiums of the Exchange’s official closing price against the NAV, within appropriate ranges for each of the four previous calendar quarters (or for the life of the Trust, if shorter); (e) the Prospectus; and (f) other applicable quantitative information. The Trust will also disseminate the Trust’s holdings on a daily basis on the Trust’s website. The NAV for the Trust will be calculated by the Administrator once a day and will be disseminated daily to all market participants at the same time. Quotation and last sale information regarding the Shares will be disseminated through the facilities of the consolidated tape.

Any adjustments made to the Index will be published on ________ website at ________.

The intra-day levels and closing levels of the Index are published by the Index Provider, and the closing NAV is published by the Administrator (as defined below).

The Shares are not issued, sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by the Exchange, and the Exchange makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the Shares.

The Index Provider makes no warranty, express or implied, as to the results to be obtained by any person or entity from the use of the Index for any purpose. Index information and any other data calculated and/or disseminated, in whole or part, by the Index Provider is for informational purposes only, not intended for trading purposes, and provided on an “as is” basis. The Index Provider does not warrant that the Index information will be uninterrupted or error-free, or that defects will be corrected. The Index Provider also does not recommend or make any representation as to possible benefits from any securities or investments, or third-party products or services. Shareholders should undertake their own due diligence regarding securities and investment practices.

For more information on the Index and the Index Provider, see “The Trust and Crypto Assets Prices” below.

The Trust’s Legal Structure

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust, formed on August 13, 2025, pursuant to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. The Trust continuously issues common shares representing fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust that may be purchased and sold on the Exchange. The Trust will operate pursuant to a Trust Agreement, as amended and/or restated from time to time (the “Trust Agreement”). CSC Delaware Trust Company, a Delaware trust company, is the trustee of the Trust (the “Trustee”). The Trust is managed and controlled by the Sponsor. The Sponsor is a limited liability company formed in the state of Delaware on September 12, 2024.

The Trust’s Service Providers

The Sponsor

The Sponsor, Canary Capital Group LLC, arranged for the creation of the Trust and is responsible for the ongoing registration of the Shares for their public offering in the United States and the listing of Shares on the Exchange. The Sponsor’s principal address is 8 Cadillac Drive, Suite 300, Brentwood, TN, 37027. The Sponsor will develop a marketing plan for the Trust, will prepare marketing materials regarding the Shares of the Trust, and will exercise the marketing plan of the Trust on an ongoing basis. The Sponsor has agreed to pay all normal operating expenses except for Extraordinary Expenses (defined below) out of the Sponsor’s unified fee.

The Trustee

The Trustee, CSC Delaware Trust Company, a Delaware trust company, acts as the trustee of the Trust in accordance with the Declaration of Trust and as required by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act to create a Delaware statutory trust.

The Administrator

____, serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”). The Administrator’s principal address is ____. Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides necessary administrative, tax and accounting services and financial reporting for the maintenance and operations of the Trust, including valuing the Trust’s Crypto Assets and calculating the NAV per Share of the Trust and the NAV of the Trust and supplying pricing information to the Sponsor for the relevant website. In addition, the Administrator makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services.

The Transfer Agent

________ serves as the transfer agent for the Trust. The Transfer Agent: (1) facilitates the issuance and redemption of Shares of the Trust; (2) responds to correspondence by Shareholders and others relating to its duties; (3) maintains Shareholder accounts; and (4) makes periodic reports to the Trust. The Trust’s Transfer Agent will facilitate the settlement of Shares in response to the placement of creation orders and redemption orders from financial firms that are authorized to purchase or redeem Shares with the Trust (“Authorized Participants”).

The Custodian

____, serves as the Trust’s Crypto Assets custodian. The Custodian’s principal address is ____. Under the Custodial Services Agreement, the Custodian is responsible for safekeeping all of the Crypto Assets owned by the Trust. The Custodian was selected by the Sponsor. The Sponsor is responsible for opening an account with the Custodian that holds the Trust’s Crypto Assets (the “Crypto Assets Account”), as well as facilitating the transfer or sale of Crypto Assets required for the operation of the Trust.

The Cash Custodian

____ also serves as the cash custodian for the Trust. The Cash Custodian is responsible for safekeeping all cash and other non-Crypto Assets assets of the Trust.

The Staking Provider

The Sponsor will stake, or cause to be staked, a portion of the Trust’s Proof-of-Stake Assets through one or more trusted staking providers (each, a “Staking Provider”). The Staking Program will be carried out by the Staking Provider pursuant to an agreement between the Custodian and the Staking Provider. The Trust is not a party to such agreement.

In consideration for any staking activity in which the Trust may engage, the Trust will receive a portion of the staking rewards generated by a Staking Provider. The Trust will dedicate substantially all of the Trust’s Crypto Assets to the Trust’s staking program (the “Staking Program”), which will be provided by one or more Staking Providers through the Custodian. The portion of the Trust’s Crypto Assets will be fixed on or before the Trust’s start date. The Staking Provider is responsible for providing the software protocol that allows the Trust to connect to a pool of verified validator nodes on a Blockchain for automated Crypto Assets staking optimization.

Pursuant to the Staking Program, the Staking Provider will distribute staking rewards to the Trust’s wallet or wallets at the Custodian on a periodic basis. Accrued staking rewards will be included in the Trust’s daily NAV calculation.

The Staking Provider will carry out the Staking Program in accordance with the Sponsor’s liquidity risk management policy (the “Liquidity Risk Management Policy”), which assesses the characteristics of a protocol’s native unbonding period, the particular unbonding characteristics of the Staking Program, sources of credit, sources of tokens, and other relevant liquidity considerations against the settlement period for any redemption of the Trust’s shares. The Liquidity Risk Management Policy permits the Trust to maintain credit facilities to help meet redemption requests. The Sponsor also maintains its own credit facilities to serve as a source of backup liquidity for the Trust.

The Distributor

____ (“____” or the “Distributor”), is responsible for reviewing and approving the marketing materials prepared by the Sponsor for compliance with applicable SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) advertising laws, rules, and regulations pursuant to a marketing agreement with the Trust. The principal business address of the Distributor is ____. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and a member of FINRA.

Index Services

____ is responsible for oversight of the ____. ____ is the third-party, independent calculation agent for the Index.

Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties

The Trust’s Fees and Expenses

The Trust will pay the Sponsor an annual unified fee of ____% of the Trust’s Crypto Assets Holdings (the “Sponsor Fee”). The Trust’s “Crypto Assets Holdings” is the quantity of the Trust’s Crypto Assets plus any cash or other assets held by the Trust, less its liabilities (which include estimated accrued but unpaid fees and expenses) represented in Crypto Assets. The Sponsor Fee is paid by the Trust to the Sponsor as compensation for services performed under the Trust Agreement. The Administrator will calculate the Sponsor Fee in respect of each day by reference to the prior day’s Crypto Assets Holdings. Except for periods during which all or a portion of the Sponsor Fee is being waived, the Sponsor Fee will accrue daily in Crypto Assets and be payable monthly in Crypto Assets or cash. To the extent there are any on-chain transaction fees incurred in connection with the transfers of Crypto Assets to pay the Sponsor Fee, the Sponsor, and not the Trust, shall bear such fees. The Sponsor may, at its sole discretion and from time to time, waive all or a portion of the Sponsor Fee for stated periods of time. The Sponsor is under no obligation to waive any portion of its fees and any such waiver shall create no obligation to waive any such fees during any period not covered by the waiver.

As partial consideration for its receipt of the Sponsor Fee, the Sponsor is obligated under the Trust Agreement to assume and pay all fees and other expenses incurred by the Trust in the ordinary course of its affairs, excluding taxes, but including: (i) the fees of the Trust’s third-party service providers, including, but not limited to, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent, the Cash Custodian, the Index Provider, and the Trustee, (ii) the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or trading of the Shares on the Exchange (including customary legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses), (iii) legal fees and expenses incurred in the ordinary course, (iv) audit fees, (v) regulatory fees, including, if applicable, any fees relating to the registration of the Trust and Shares, including any ongoing filings related to the offering of Shares, under the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act, (vi) printing and mailing costs, (vii) costs of maintaining the Trust’s website and (viii) applicable license fees (each, a “Sponsor-paid Expense” and collectively, the “Sponsor-paid Expenses”), provided that any expense that qualifies as an Extraordinary Expense (as defined below) will not be deemed to be a Sponsor-paid Expense. There is no cap on the amount of Sponsor-paid Expenses. The Sponsor has also assumed all fees and expenses related to the organization and offering of the Trust and the Shares.

The Trust may incur certain extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses that are not Sponsor-paid Expenses, including, but not limited to, brokerage and transaction costs associated with the sale or transfer of Crypto Assets, taxes and governmental charges, expenses and costs of any extraordinary services performed by the Sponsor (or any other service provider) on behalf of the Trust to protect the Trust, the Trust’s assets, or the interests of Shareholders, any indemnification of the Custodian or other agents, service providers or counterparties of the Trust, and extraordinary legal fees and expenses, including any legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with litigation, regulatory enforcement or investigation matters (collectively, “Extraordinary Expenses”). To the extent on-chain transaction fees are incurred in connection with transfers or sales of Crypto Assets to pay Extraordinary Expenses, the Trust will bear such fees.

To the extent it does not have cash readily available, the Sponsor will cause the transfer or sale of Crypto Assets in such quantity as may be necessary to permit the payment of Trust expenses and liabilities not assumed by the Sponsor or for payment of cash redemption proceeds to Authorized Participants. The Trust will seek to transfer or sell Crypto Assets at such times and in the smallest amounts required to permit such payments as they become due. With respect to transfers or sales necessary to pay Trust expenses and liabilities that are denominated other than in Crypto Assets, the amount of Crypto Assets transferred or sold may vary from time to time depending on the actual sales price of Crypto Assets relative to the Trust’s expenses and liabilities (e.g., if the price of Crypto Assets falls, the amount of Crypto Assets needed to be transferred or sold to pay an expense or liability denominated in U.S. dollars will increase). To the extent the Trust must buy or sell Crypto Assets, the Trust may do so through a third-party digital asset broker or dealer. The Sponsor will select third party brokers or dealers that it believes have implemented adequate AML, KYC and other legal compliance policies and procedures.

Under the terms of each Authorized Participant Agreement, the Authorized Participants will be responsible for any brokerage or transaction costs associated with the sale or transfer of Crypto Assets incurred in connection with the fulfillment of a creation or redemption order.

[Custody of the Trust’s Assets

The Trust’s Custodian will maintain custody of all of the Trust’s Crypto Assets, which will be held in a segregated account in the name of the Trust on the Custodian’s books and records. The Custodian will maintain the Trust’s Crypto Assets in segregated wallets separate from the assets of other customers of the Custodian. A portion of the Crypto Assets are held in hot storage, which requires private keys to be held online on the Custodian’s intranet, where they are more accessible and can be used for more efficient Crypto Assets transfers. A majority of the Crypto Assets held by the Custodian is held in offline (“cold”) storage, and the Custodian is solely responsible for managing the allocation of Crypto Assets in hot and cold storage and does not publicly disclose what percentage of Crypto Assets are held in cold storage. The Trust, as client of the Custodian, performs regular diligence of operational practices of the Custodian, including practices related to the allocation of assets held in cold or hot storage.

Within such segregated hot and cold wallets, the Custodian has represented to the Sponsor that it keeps a substantial majority of assets in cold wallets , to promote security, while the balance of assets is kept in hot wallets to facilitate timely withdrawals. The Custodian has represented to the Sponsor that the percentage of assets maintained in cold versus hot storage including target percentages may change over time and is determined by ongoing risk analysis and market dynamics, in which the Custodian balances anticipated liquidity needs for its customers as a class against the anticipated greater security of cold storage. The Sponsor has no control over the percentage of Crypto Assets that the Custodian maintains in cold wallets versus hot wallets.

Cold storage is a safeguarding method with multiple layers of protections and protocols, by which the private key(s) corresponding to the Trust’s Crypto Assets is (are) generated and stored in an offline manner. When the Custodian transfers Crypto Assets from cold storage to a hot wallet, it does so by sending Crypto Assets over a Blockchain. Private keys are generated on devices that are not and never have been connected to the internet so that they are resistant to being hacked. The Custodian has multiple, redundant cold storage sites, which are geographically distributed including sites within the United States. Cold storage locations of the Custodian are monitored by 24x7 on-site security, video surveillance and alarms, and hardened room structures, and access to these facilities is controlled by multi-person controls, multi-team access rules, and multi-factor authentication. The private keys related to the Trust’s Crypto Assets are not accessible to any person or entity except the Custodian, including the Sponsor. The Sponsor and the Trust’s service providers will have the ability to verify the existence of the Trust’s Crypto Assets through information provided from the Custodian.

Cold storage of private keys may involve keeping such keys on a non-networked computer or electronic device or storing the private keys on a storage device or printed medium and deleting the keys from all computers. The Custodian may receive deposits of Crypto Assets but may not send Crypto Assets without use of the corresponding private keys. Outbound Crypto Assets transfers require cryptographic signing by the Custodian using private keys, which are protected using high standards of physical, cyber, and operational controls.

The Trust generally does not intend to hold cash or cash equivalents except for cash received from Authorized Participants in connection with a creation transaction or cash held by the Trust pending distribution to Authorized Participants in a redemption transaction or payment of Trust expenses. The Trust has entered into a custodian agreement (the “Cash Custody Agreement”) with the Cash Custodian under which the Cash Custodian acts as custodian of the Trust’s cash. The Trust is obligated to convert any cash contributed to Crypto Assets as soon as practicable, except to the extent necessary for a redemption transaction or to pay expenses.

The Trust may change the custodial arrangements described in this Prospectus at any time without notice to Shareholders. To the extent a change in custodial arrangements is deemed material by the Sponsor, the Trust will notify Shareholders in a Prospectus supplement and/or a current report on Form 8-K or in its annual or quarterly reports.]

The Shares

The Trust will issue Shares, which represent fractional undivided beneficial interests in and ownership of the Trust. Shares issued by the Trust will be registered in a book entry system and held in the name of Cede & Co. at the facilities of the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), and one or more global certificates issued by the Trust to DTC will evidence the Shares. Shareholders may hold their Shares through DTC if they are direct participants in DTC (“DTC Participants”) or indirectly through entities (such as broker-dealers) that are DTC Participants.

Staked Crypto Assets

The Trust will stake, or cause to be staked, a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more staking infrastructure providers (each a “Staking Provider”). Under normal circumstances, the Sponsor will seek to stake all of the Trust’s Proof-of-Stake Assets except for Proof-of-Stake Assets reserved by the Sponsor in its sole discretion to facilitate foreseeable redemption transactions, pay Trust expenses or otherwise protect the Trust and its assets, or where the Sponsor believes that the staking of such Proof-of-Stake Assets would result in an immaterial amount of rewards for the Trust (as of the date of this Prospectus, the Sponsor generally considers a staking yield of less than [ ]% to be immaterial). The Custodian will maintain exclusive possession and control of the private keys associated with any staked Crypto Assets at all times. The staking process includes protocol-defined warm-up, activation and withdrawal periods, during which delegated Crypto Assets are temporarily locked and inaccessible. These phases affect when Crypto Assets begins earning rewards, participates in consensus and becomes available for transfer or redelegation. The Trust itself will not engage in staking activities, including the operation of a validator node. Instead, the staking program will be operated through the Trust’s service providers, including the Custodian and Staking Provider.

Net Asset Value

Net Asset Value means the total assets of the Trust including, but not limited to, all Crypto Assets and cash less total liabilities of the Trust.

The Administrator determines the NAV of the Trust on each day that the Exchange is open for regular trading, as promptly as practical after 4:00 p.m. EST. The NAV of the Trust is the aggregate value of the Trust’s assets less its accrued but unpaid liabilities (which include accrued expenses). In determining the Trust’s NAV, the Administrator values the Crypto Assets held by the Trust based on the value of such assets as of 4:00 p.m. EST. The Administrator also determines the NAV per Share. For purposes of the Trust’s financial statements, the Trust will utilize a pricing source that is consistent with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), as of the financial statement measurement date, which may result in valuations that differ from the Trust’s daily NAV calculations. The Sponsor will determine in its sole discretion the valuation sources and policies used to prepare the Trust’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP.

Plan of Distribution

The Trust is an exchange-traded product. When the Trust sells or redeems its Shares, it will do so in blocks of [ ] Shares (a “Basket”) based on the quantity of Crypto Assets attributable to each Share of the Trust (net of accrued but unpaid expenses and liabilities). For a subscription for Shares, the subscription shall be in the amount of either Crypto Assets represented by the Basket being created or cash or Crypto Assets needed to purchase the amount of Crypto Assets represented by the Basket being created, in each case as calculated by the Administrator. For a redemption of Shares, the Sponsor shall arrange for the Crypto Assets represented by the Basket to be sold and the cash or Crypto Assets proceeds distributed. An Authorized Participant, or the Authorized Participant’s designee (an “Authorized Participant Designee”), will deliver, or facilitate the delivery of, cash to the Trust’s account with the Cash Custodian in exchange for Shares when they purchase Shares, and the Trust will deliver either Crypto Assets or cash to such Authorized Participant or its Authorized Participant Designee when they redeem Shares with the Trust. Further, Authorized Participants will not directly or indirectly purchase, hold, deliver, or receive Crypto Assets as part of the creation or redemption process or otherwise direct the Trust or a third party with respect to purchasing, holding, delivering, or receiving Crypto Assets as part of the creation or redemption process. Shares initially comprising the same Basket but offered by the Authorized Participants to the public at different times may have different offering prices, which depend on various factors, including the supply and demand for Shares, the value of the Trust’s assets, and market conditions at the time of a transaction. Shareholders who buy or sell Shares during the day from their broker may do so at a premium or discount relative to the NAV of the Shares of the Trust.

Federal Income Tax Considerations

It is expected that the Trust would be taxed as a C corporation and returns to an owner of Shares would be on an after-tax basis. Each sale or other disposition of Crypto Assets by the Trust (including, under current Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) guidance, the use of Crypto Assets to pay expenses of the Trust) will give rise to gain or loss and will therefore constitute a taxable event for the Trust.

Because the Trust will be a C corporation and neither a regulated investment company nor a grantor trust, the Trust will not be able to make in-kind redemption on a tax-free basis. If the Trust redeems Shares in-kind, the Trust will recognize gain in the asset distributed as if the Trust had sold the asset at it fair market value at the time of the redemption.

The Trust will not be able to make capital gains dividends. However, a portion of the distributions from the Trust may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividends” for individual investors. See “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of U.S. Shareholders.”

Use of Proceeds

Proceeds received by the Trust from the issuance of Baskets consist of either Crypto Assets or cash. In addition, the Trust will receive proceeds from its staking program that consist of Crypto Assets. Deposits of Crypto Assets are held by the Custodian on behalf of the Trust (including for use in the Trust’s staking program) until (i) transferred out or sold in connection with redemptions of Baskets or (ii) transferred or sold by the Sponsor to pay fees due to the Sponsor or Trust expenses and liabilities not assumed by the Sponsor. Deposits of cash are held by the Cash Custodian on behalf of the Trust until (i) transferred in connection with the purchase of Crypto Assets, (ii) delivered out in connection with redemptions of Baskets or (iii) transferred to pay fees due to the Sponsor and Trust expenses and liabilities not assumed by the Sponsor.

Emerging Growth Company

The Trust is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as the Trust is an emerging growth company, unlike other public companies, it will not be required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; or (ii) comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012, unless the SEC determines otherwise.

The Trust will cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest of (i) its having $1.235 billion or more in annual revenues, (ii) at least $700 million in market value of Shares being held by non-affiliates, (iii) its issuing more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of its initial public offering.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Trust intends to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period.

Crypto Assets, Crypto Asset Markets and Regulation Crypto Assets

This section of the Prospectus provides a more detailed description of Crypto Assets, including: information about the historical development of Crypto Assets; how a person holds Crypto Assets; how to use Crypto Assets in transactions; how to trade Crypto Assets; the spot markets where Crypto Assets can be bought, held and sold; and the Crypto Assets OTC market.

Crypto Assets

The ownership of Crypto Assets is recorded in a digital ledger or database, called a Blockchain. Blockchains differ from traditional databases in that they are designed not to be controlled by any single party, but rather, to be maintained by a distributed network of computers, each of which maintains and updates its own copy of the ledger. Each participant in this network is incentivized to process transactions according to a set of predetermined rules and to keep its ledger consistent with the rest of the network over time.

Typical Stakeholders in Blockchain Networks

Designing a Blockchain network is similar to designing a digital economy, and the design of incentive systems that govern the relationship between different groups of stakeholders is sometimes referred to as crypto economics or token economics.

The following section provides an overview of the different groups of market participants which are present in most Blockchain networks and constitute much of the crypto economic system.

Stakeholders

Stakeholders help process transactions and ensure that the distributed ledgers that make up a Blockchain network stay consistent with one another. They fall under two categories: Miners, for PoW Blockchains, and Validators, for PoS Blockchains.

Stakeholders are typically compensated for providing this service in large part by algorithmic grants of the Crypto Asset associated with a Blockchain network they are helping to secure, although they may be compensated with transaction fees or by other means as well.

There are multiple schemes under which stakeholders can operate to provide this service and receive this payment, but the two most important are proof of work (“PoW”) and proof of stake (“PoS”).

•Proof of work is the first and most established scheme and involves computers solving cryptographic puzzles that require a substantial amount of energy as a way of securing the network and processing transactions. The more computing power a Miner dedicates to solving this puzzle the more likely it will be the first to solve the problem and collect the rewards of newly minted Crypto Assets and transaction fees. By piling up computing power over time, transactions become increasingly hard to reverse and eventually can be considered “settled.” PoW is the scheme used by Bitcoin, as well as many other assets. One criticism of PoW systems is the high amount of energy they consume, which may have negative downstream environmental consequences, among other issues.

•Proof of stake is a newer scheme that tries to avoid the heavy energy consumption that PoW systems typically require. PoS systems require Validators to lock up and put at risk (aka, “stake”) a certain amount of the Crypto Asset associated with a given Blockchain in order to process transactions. These staked assets are lost if a Validator processes a transaction in a way that is fraudulent or violates the rules of the underlying Blockchain. PoS is utilized by Blockchains such as Ethereum, Avalanche, Cardano and Solana. Concerns with PoS systems include the risk of lower security assurances and the potential for centralization of the network.

Users

Users are the stakeholders that hold or transfer Crypto Assets, either by participating directly in the network or by delegating this work to third-party service providers.

Users will typically buy and sell Crypto Assets for fiat currencies through dedicated trading venues. In recent years, a robust ecosystem of trading systems has emerged that cater to these investors.

Once in possession of a Crypto Asset, the interaction between users and the rest of the network can fall between two ends of a spectrum:

•On one end, users can opt to be completely sovereign over their asset holdings and transactions. Such users would typically host a local copy of the entire ledger of transactions and validate every single transaction that takes place in the network by running the protocol software in their own machines. They would also own the private keys that guarantee ownership of their Crypto Assets and embrace the responsibility of keeping them safe. This group tends to be technically savvy and/or attribute high value to holding Crypto Assets independently.

•On the other end, users can opt to delegate their participation in the network to third-party companies that provide specialized services. Examples of such users include individuals or institutions that delegate the responsibility of keeping their private keys safe to custodians or merchants that use payment processing companies to allow clients to make payments in Crypto Assets. This group tends to use third-party services either due to prioritization of convenience or due to external requirements (regulations, for example).

Developers

Developers are network contributors that build the protocols and software that both users and stakeholders (i.e. Miners and Validators) need to run to participate in the network. Developers are also generally split between two categories depending on the type of software they work in.

• Protocol developers are involved directly in building the core software that defines how a network works. Most projects adopt the free and open-source software ("FOSS") paradigm, which means that the software is free and openly shared so people can voluntarily contribute to its maintenance and improvement. Protocol developers can exert power over the network as they ultimately define which rules it will abide by. That is why having a high number of developers (i.e. decentralization) is important. Additionally, as the software is open-source, users can opt to run any version of the software they see more fit. This keeps the developers’ power over the network in check. Protocol developers are usually highly specialized experts with deep knowledge not only of software development but also in cryptography, computer networking or other subfields of computer science.

• Application developers use the software built by protocol developers to build applications that will ultimately reach end-users. Such projects might or might not be open-source software. Examples of such projects would include digital wallets, which are designed to allow users to hold Crypto Assets without the complexity of interacting with the underlying protocol.

Forms of Attack Against a Blockchain

All networked systems are vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. As with any computer network, certain Blockchains contains certain flaws. For example, the some networks are currently vulnerable to a “51% attack” (though the numerical thresholds vary in proof-of-stake) where, if a party or group were to gain control of more than the relevant threshold of the staked Crypto Assets, a malicious actor would be able to gain full control of the network and the ability to manipulate a Blockchain. In addition, many digital asset networks have been subjected to a number of denial of service attacks, which has led to temporary delays in block creation and in the transfer of Crypto Assets. For example, on September 14, 2021, the Solana Blockchain experienced a significant disruption, later attributed to a type of denial of service attack, and was offline for 17 hours, only returning to full functionality 24 hours later. While persons associated with Solana Labs and/or the Solana Foundation are understood to have played a key role in bringing the network back online, the broader community also played a key role, as Solana validators coordinated to upgrade and restart the network. Any similar attacks on the other Blockchains that impact the ability to transfer Crypto Assets could have a material adverse effect on the price of Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

Summary of a Crypto Asset Transaction

Prior to engaging in Crypto Assets transactions directly on a Blockchain, a user generally must first install on its computer or mobile device a Blockchain software program that will allow the user to generate a private and public key pair associated with a Crypto Assets address. A Blockchain software program and the Crypto Asset address also enable the user to connect to a Blockchain and transfer Crypto Assets to, and receive Crypto Assets from, other users.

Each Blockchain address, or wallet, is associated with a unique “public key” and “private key” pair. To receive Crypto Assets, the Crypto Assets recipient must provide its public key to the party initiating the transfer. This activity is analogous to a recipient for a transaction in U.S. dollars providing a routing address in wire instructions to the payor so that cash may be wired to the recipient’s account. The payor approves the transfer to the address provided by the recipient by “signing” a transaction that consists of the recipient’s public key with the private key of the address from where the payor is transferring the Crypto Assets. The recipient, however, does not make public or provide to the sender its related private key.

Neither the recipient nor the sender reveal their private keys in a transaction, because the private key authorizes transfer of the funds in that address to other users. Therefore, if a user loses his or her private key, the user may permanently lose access to the Crypto Assets contained in the associated address. Likewise, Crypto Assets are irretrievably lost if the private key associated with them is deleted and no backup has been made. When sending Crypto Assets, a user’s Blockchain software program must validate the transaction with the associated private key. In addition, since every computation on a Blockchain requires processing power, there is a transaction fee involved with the transfer that is paid by the payor the resulting digitally validated transaction is sent by the user’s Blockchain software program to the Blockchain validators to allow transaction confirmation.

Blockchain validators record and confirm transactions when they validate and add blocks of information to a Blockchain. When a validator is selected to validate a block, it creates that block, which includes data relating to (i) the verification of newly submitted and accepted transactions and (ii) a reference to the prior block in a Blockchain to which the new block is being added. The validator becomes aware of outstanding, unrecorded transactions through the data packet transmission and distribution discussed above.

Upon the addition of a block of Crypto Assets transactions, a Blockchain software program of both the spending party and the receiving party will show confirmation of the transaction on a Blockchain and reflect an adjustment to the Crypto Assets balance in each party’s public key, completing the Crypto Assets transaction. Once a transaction is confirmed on a Blockchain, it is irreversible.

Some Crypto Assets transactions are conducted “off-blockchain” and are therefore not recorded in a Blockchain. These “off-blockchain transactions” involve the transfer of control over, or ownership of, a specific digital wallet holding Crypto Assets or the reallocation of ownership of certain Crypto Assets in a pooled-ownership digital wallet, such as a digital wallet owned by a digital asset trading platform. In contrast to on-blockchain transactions, which are publicly recorded on a Blockchain, information and data regarding off-blockchain transactions are generally not publicly available. Therefore, off-blockchain transactions are not truly Crypto Assets transactions in that they do not involve the transfer of transaction data on a Blockchain and do not reflect a movement of Crypto Assets between addresses recorded in a Blockchain. For these reasons, off-Blockchain transactions are subject to risks as any such transfer of Crypto Assets ownership is not protected by the protocol behind a Blockchain or recorded in, and validated through, the blockchain mechanism.

Crypto Assets Market and Crypto Assets Exchanges

Crypto Assets can be transferred in direct peer-to-peer transactions through the direct sending of Crypto Assets over a Blockchain from one Crypto Assets address to another. Among end-users, Crypto Assets can be used to pay other members of a Blockchain for goods and services under what resembles a barter system. Consumers can also pay merchants and other commercial businesses for goods or services through direct peer-to-peer transactions on a Blockchain or through third-party service providers.

In addition to using Crypto Assets to engage in transactions, investors may purchase and sell Crypto Assets to speculate as to the value of Crypto Assets in the Crypto Assets market, or as a long-term investment to diversify their portfolio. The value of Crypto Assets within the market is determined, in part, by the supply of and demand for Crypto Assets in the global Crypto Assets market, market expectations for the adoption of Crypto Assets as a store of value, the number of merchants that accept Crypto Assets as a form of payment, and the volume of peer-to-peer transactions, among other factors.

Crypto Assets spot markets provide investors with a website that permits investors to open accounts with the spot market and then purchase and sell Crypto Assets. Prices for trades on Crypto Assets spot markets are typically reported publicly. An investor opening a trading account must deposit an accepted government-issued currency into their account with the spot market, or a previously acquired digital asset, before they can purchase or sell assets on the spot market. The process of establishing an account with a Crypto Assets spot market and trading Crypto Assets is different from, and should not be confused with, the process of users sending Crypto Assets from one Crypto Assets address to another Crypto Assets address on a Blockchain. This latter process is an activity that occurs on a Blockchain, while the former is an activity that occurs entirely on the private website operated by the spot market. The spot market typically records the investor’s ownership of Crypto Assets in its internal books and records, rather than on a Blockchain. The spot market ordinarily does not transfer Crypto Assets to the investor on a Blockchain unless the investor makes a request to the spot market to withdraw the Crypto Assets in their exchange account to an off-exchange Crypto Assets wallet.

Outside of spot markets, Crypto Assets can be traded OTC in transactions that are not publicly reported. The OTC market is largely institutional in nature, and OTC market participants generally consist of institutional entities, such as firms that offer two-sided liquidity for Crypto Assets, investment managers, proprietary trading firms, high-net-worth individuals that trade Crypto Assets on a proprietary basis, entities with sizeable Crypto Assets holdings, and family offices. The OTC market provides a relatively flexible market in terms of quotes, price, quantity, and other factors, although it tends to involve large blocks of Crypto Assets. The OTC market has no formal structure and no open-outcry meeting place. Parties engaging in OTC transactions will agree upon a price—often via phone or email—and then one of the two parties will then initiate the transaction. For example, a seller of Crypto Assets could initiate the transaction by sending the Crypto Assets to the buyer’s Crypto Assets address. The buyer would then wire U.S. dollars to the seller’s bank account. OTC trades are sometimes hedged and eventually settled with concomitant trades on Crypto Assets spot markets. In addition to spot and OTC markets, Crypto Assets futures contracts are offered by certain digital asset derivatives platforms, allowing investors to speculate on the future price of Crypto Assets or hedge existing exposures. These contracts may be cash-settled or physically settled and are typically traded on regulated or registered trading venues outside of a Blockchain. Crypto Assets futures markets may influence spot market prices and contribute to overall price discovery, though trading volumes and liquidity vary across platforms.

Authorized Participants will deliver, or facilitate the delivery of, Crypto Assets or cash to the Trust’s account with the Custodian in exchange for Shares of the Trust, and the Trust, through the Custodian, will deliver Crypto Assets or cash when Authorized Participants redeem Shares of the Trust. See “The Trust and Crypto Assets Prices” for more information.

Competition

As of ________, 20__, more than [8,000] other digital assets, as tracked by CoinMarketCap.com, have been developed since the inception of bitcoin, which is currently the most developed digital asset because of the length of time it has been in existence, the investment in the infrastructure that supports it, and the network of individuals and entities that are using bitcoin in transactions. While Crypto Assets has enjoyed some success in its limited history, the aggregate value of outstanding Crypto Assets is smaller than that of bitcoin and may be eclipsed by the more rapid development of other digital assets.

Regulation of Crypto Assets and Government Oversight

As digital assets have grown in both popularity and market size, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies (including FinCEN, SEC, CFTC, FINRA, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), of Investigation, the IRS, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve and state financial institution and securities regulators) have been examining the operations of digital asset networks, digital asset users and the digital asset exchange markets, with particular focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities or fund criminal or terrorist enterprises and the safety and soundness of exchanges or other service-providers that hold or custody digital assets for users. Many of these state and federal agencies have issued consumer advisories regarding the risks posed by digital assets to investors. In addition, federal and state agencies, and other countries have issued rules or guidance about the treatment of digital asset transactions or requirements for businesses engaged in digital asset activity. President Biden’s March 9, 2022 Executive Order, asserting that technological advances and the rapid growth of the digital asset markets “necessitate an evaluation and alignment of the United States Government approach to digital assets,” signals an ongoing focus on digital asset policy and regulation in the United States. A number of reports issued pursuant to the Executive Order have focused on various risks related to the digital asset ecosystem, and have recommended additional legislation and regulatory oversight. In addition, federal and state agencies, and other countries and international bodies have issued rules or guidance about the treatment of digital asset transactions or requirements for businesses engaged in digital asset activity. Moreover, the failure of FTX Trading Ltd. (“FTX”) in November 2022 and the resulting market turmoil substantially increased regulatory scrutiny in the United States and globally and led to SEC and criminal investigations, enforcement actions and other regulatory activity across the digital asset ecosystem.

In addition, the SEC, U.S. state securities regulators and several foreign governments have issued warnings and instituted legal proceedings in which they argue that certain digital assets may be classified as securities and that both those digital assets and any related initial coin offerings or other primary and secondary market transactions are subject to securities regulations. For example, in June 2023, the SEC brought charges against Binance (the “Binance Complaint”) and Coinbase (the “Coinbase Complaint”), two of the largest digital asset trading platforms, alleging that they solicited U.S. investors to buy, sell, and trade “crypto asset securities” through their unregistered trading platforms and operated unregistered securities exchanges, brokerages and clearing agencies. Binance subsequently announced that it would be suspending USD deposits and withdrawals on Binance.US and that it plans to delist its USD trading pairs. In addition, in November 2023, the SEC brought similar charges against Kraken (the “Kraken Complaint”), alleging that it operated as an unregistered securities exchange, brokerage and clearing agency. The Binance Complaint, the Coinbase Complaint and the Kraken Complaint led to further volatility in digital asset prices. In January 2025, the SEC launched the Crypto Task Force dedicated to developing a comprehensive and clear regulatory framework for digital assets led by Commissioner Hester Peirce. Subsequently, Commissioner Peirce announced a list of specific priorities to further that initiative, which included pursuing final rules related to a digital asset’s security status, a revised path to registered offerings and listings for digital asset-based investment vehicles, and clarity regarding digital asset custody, lending and staking. In February 2025, Coinbase and the SEC entered into a joint stipulation to dismiss the SEC’s lawsuit with prejudice, subject to the court’s approval. Kraken has also announced that it reached an agreement in principle with the SEC to dismiss the SEC’s lawsuit, subject to formal approval by the SEC’s Commissioners. In May 2025, the SEC voluntarily dismissed its lawsuit against Binance. Several other digital asset market participants have also announced that the SEC informed them that the SEC was terminating its investigation or enforcement action into their firm. The final outcome of these lawsuits (to the extent not yet dismissed), their effect on the broader digital asset ecosystem and the reputational impact on industry participants, remain uncertain.

In August 2021, the previous chair of the SEC, stated that he believed investors using digital asset trading platforms are not adequately protected, and that activities on the platforms can implicate the securities laws, commodities laws and banking laws, raising a number of issues related to protecting investors and consumers, guarding against illicit activity, and ensuring financial stability. It is not possible to predict whether the U.S. Congress will grant additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, what the nature of such additional authorities might be, how they might impact the ability of digital assets markets to function or how any new regulations that may flow from such authorities might impact the value of digital assets generally and Crypto Assets held by the Trust specifically.

On January 21, 2025, the SEC’s acting Chairman Mark T. Uyeda announced the SEC Crypto Task Force. The task force has an objective of developing a comprehensive and clear regulatory framework for crypto assets. Following the task force announcement, on January 23, 2025, President Trump executed the Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology Executive Order. It is currently unknown how the actions or recommendations of the task force and this Executive Order or future governmental actions may impact the status of Crypto Assets or any other digital asset as a “security” or how Crypto Assets or the Trust would be treated under any new or revised regulatory framework.

In May 2025, the staff of the Division of Trading and Markets of the SEC released guidance in the form of frequently asked questions relating to crypto asset activities. The SEC staff’s guidance addressed several key points for broker-dealers acting as Authorized Participants. According to the guidance, broker-dealers may custody non-security crypto assets and may treat crypto asset securities as being held at a permissible “control location” under Exchange Act Rule 15c3-3(c). The guidance also clarified that broker-dealers may conduct non-security crypto asset businesses, including facilitating transactions in crypto asset securities that settle in crypto rather than cash. In addition, broker-dealers may hold crypto assets as proprietary positions for net capital purposes, subject to applicable haircuts and other limitations. Furthermore, the SEC staff indicated that broker-dealers may engage in in-kind creations and redemptions for spot crypto exchange-traded products. However, this guidance is non-binding, and may be modified, superseded, or withdrawn at any time without notice, as emphasized in the guidance. Additionally, there is no guarantee that Authorized Participants will actually transact in-kind at all despite this guidance.

Various foreign jurisdictions have, and may continue to, in the near future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect a digital asset network, the Digital Asset Markets, and their users, particularly digital asset trading platforms and service providers that fall within such jurisdictions’ regulatory scope. For example:

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China has made transacting in cryptocurrencies illegal for Chinese citizens in mainland China, and additional restrictions may follow. China has banned initial coin offerings and there have been reports that Chinese regulators have taken action to shut down a number of China-based digital asset trading platforms.

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South Korea determined to amend its Financial Information Act in March 2020 to require virtual asset service providers to register and comply with its AML and counter-terrorism funding framework. These measures also provide the government with the authority to close digital asset trading platforms that do not comply with specified processes. South Korea has also banned initial coin offerings.

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The Reserve Bank of India in April 2018 banned the entities it regulates from providing services to any individuals or business entities dealing with or settling digital assets. In March 2020, this ban was overturned in the Indian Supreme Court, although the Reserve Bank of India is currently challenging this ruling.

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The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority published final rules in October 2020 banning the sale of derivatives and exchange-traded notes that reference certain types of digital assets, contending that they are “ill-suited” to retail investors citing extreme volatility, valuation challenges and association with financial crime. A new law, the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (“FSMA”), received royal assent in June 2023. The FSMA brings digital asset activities within the scope of existing laws governing financial institutions, markets and assets.

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The Parliament of the European Union approved the text of the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (“MiCA”) in April 2023, establishing a regulatory framework for digital asset services across the European Union. MiCA is intended to serve as a comprehensive regulation of digital asset markets and imposes various obligations on digital asset issuers and service providers. The main aims of MiCA are industry regulation, consumer protection, prevention of market abuse and upholding the integrity of digital asset markets. MiCA was formally approved by the European Union’s member states in 2023 and is expected to come into effect in 2024.

There remains significant uncertainty regarding foreign governments’ future actions with respect to the regulation of digital assets and digital asset trading platforms. Such laws, regulations or directives may conflict with those of the United States and may negatively impact the acceptance of Crypto Assets by users, merchants and service providers outside the United States and may therefore impede the growth or sustainability of the Crypto Asset ecosystem in the United States and globally, or otherwise negatively affect the value of Crypto Assets held by the Trust. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Trust or the Crypto Assets held by the Trust is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Trust and the value of the Shares.

RISK FACTORS

You should consider carefully the risks described below before making an investment decision. You should also refer to the other information included in this Prospectus, as well as information found in documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus before you decide to purchase any Shares. These risk factors may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by risk factors contained in any periodic report, prospectus supplement, post-effective amendment or in other reports filed with the SEC in the future.

Risks Associated with Crypto Assets

The Trading Prices Of Many Digital Assets, Including Crypto Assets, Have Experienced Extreme Volatility In Recent Periods And May Continue To Do So. Extreme Volatility In The Future, Including Further Declines In The Trading Prices Of Crypto Assets, Could Have A Material Adverse Effect On The Value Of The Shares And The Shares Could Lose All Or Substantially All Of Their Value.

The trading prices of many digital assets, including Crypto Assets, have experienced extreme volatility in recent periods and may continue to do so. For instance, there were steep increases in the value of certain digital assets, including Crypto Assets, over the course of 2021, and multiple market observers asserted that digital assets were experiencing a “bubble.” These increases were followed by steep drawdowns throughout 2022 in digital asset trading prices, including for Crypto Assets. These episodes of rapid price appreciation followed by steep drawdowns have occurred multiple times throughout Crypto Assets’ history. Over the course of 2023, Crypto Assets prices have continued to exhibit extreme volatility. Periods of volatility in Crypto Assets’ price have been driven by a variety of factors, including changes in investor sentiment regarding the long-term viability of Blockchains, broader movements in the cryptocurrency markets, highly publicized validator outages and network disruptions, and the launch of competitive Layer 1 protocols. Macroeconomic conditions, such as rising interest rates, inflation concerns, and tightening monetary policy, have also contributed to fluctuations in the price of Crypto Assets and other digital assets. Crypto Assets may also be more susceptible to idiosyncratic volatility due to its relatively high proportion of programmatic usage by automated trading protocols and its concentration of stake among a limited number of liquid staking providers, which may amplify market reactions to technical or governance events. As a result, the price performance of Crypto Assets may not always correlate with the broader digital asset market.

Extreme volatility may persist and the value of the Shares may significantly decline in the future without recovery. The digital asset markets may still be experiencing a bubble or may experience a bubble again in the future. For example, in the first half of 2022, each of Celsius Network, Voyager Digital Ltd., and Three Arrows Capital declared bankruptcy, resulting in a loss of confidence in participants of the digital asset ecosystem and negative publicity surrounding digital assets more broadly. In November 2022, FTX Trading Ltd. (“FTX”), one of the largest digital asset exchanges by volume at the time, halted customer withdrawals amid rumors of the company’s liquidity issues and likely insolvency, which were subsequently corroborated by its CEO. Shortly thereafter, FTX’s CEO resigned and FTX and many of its affiliates filed for bankruptcy in the United States, while other affiliates have entered insolvency, liquidation, or similar proceedings around the globe, following which the U.S. Department of Justice brought criminal fraud and other charges, and the SEC and CFTC brought civil securities and commodities fraud charges, against certain of FTX’s and its affiliates’ senior executives, including its former CEO. In addition, several other entities in the digital asset industry filed for bankruptcy following FTX’s bankruptcy filing, such as BlockFi Inc. and Genesis Global Capital, LLC (“Genesis”). In response to these events (collectively, the “2022 Events”), the digital asset markets have experienced extreme price volatility and other entities in the digital asset industry have been, and may continue to be, negatively affected, further undermining confidence in the digital asset markets.

Some sources report the price of Crypto Assets declined 94% overall in 2022, including over 50% in the two months following FTX’s declaration of bankruptcy. The 2022 events have also negatively impacted the liquidity of the digital asset markets as certain entities affiliated with FTX engaged in significant trading activity. If the liquidity of the digital asset markets continues to be negatively impacted by these events, digital asset prices, including Crypto Assets, may continue to experience significant volatility or price declines and confidence in the digital asset markets may be further undermined. In addition, regulatory and enforcement scrutiny has increased, including from, among others, the Department of Justice, the SEC, the CFTC, the White House and Congress, as well as state regulators and authorities. These events are continuing to develop and the full facts are continuing to emerge. It is not possible to predict at this time all of the risks that they may pose to the Trust, its service providers or to the digital asset industry as a whole.

Extreme volatility in the future, including further declines in the trading prices of Crypto Assets, could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Shares and the Shares could lose all or substantially all of their value. Furthermore, negative perception, a lack of stability and standardized regulation in the digital asset economy may reduce confidence in the digital asset economy and may result in greater volatility in the price of Crypto Assets and other digital assets, including a depreciation in value. The Trust is not actively managed and will not take any actions to take advantage, or mitigate the impacts, of volatility in the price of Crypto Assets.

The Value Of The Shares Depends On The Development And Acceptance of Blockchain Networks. The Slowing Or Stopping Of The Development Or Acceptance Of Blockchains May Adversely Affect An Investment In The Trust.

Digital assets such as Crypto Assets were only introduced within the past 15 years, and the medium to long term value of the Shares is subject to a number of factors over time relating to the capabilities and development of blockchain technologies, such as the recentness of their development, their dependence on the internet and other technologies, their dependence on the role played by users, developers validators and the potential for malicious activity. For example, the realization of one or more of the following risks could materially adversely affect the value of the Shares: digital asset networks and the software used to operate them are in the early stages of development. Given the recentness of the development of digital asset networks, digital assets may not function as intended and parties may be unwilling to use digital assets, which would dampen the growth, if any, of digital asset networks. The value of the Shares is subject to a number of factors relating to the fundamental investment characteristics of digital assets, including the fact that digital assets are bearer instruments and loss, theft, compromise, or destruction of the associated private keys could result in permanent loss of the asset.

Most Blockchains have only been in existence for a limited period, and Crypto Assets markets have a limited performance record, making them part of a new and rapidly evolving industry that is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. For example, the following are some of the risks could materially adversely affect the value of the Shares:

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Digital assets are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public key and private key or keys relating to a Blockchain address, or “wallet”, at which the digital asset is held. Private keys must be safeguarded and kept private in order to prevent a third party from accessing the digital asset held in such wallet. The loss, theft, compromise or destruction of a private key required to access a digital asset may be irreversible. If a private key is lost, stolen, destroyed or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private key is accessible, the owner would be unable to access the digital asset corresponding to that private key and the private key will not be capable of being restored by the digital asset network resulting in the total loss of the value of the digital asset linked to the private key.

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Digital asset networks are dependent upon the internet. A disruption of the internet or a digital asset network, such as a Blockchain, would affect the ability to transfer digital assets, including Crypto Assets, and, consequently, their value.

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Governance of a Blockchain is by voluntary consensus and open competition. As a result, there may be a lack of consensus or clarity on the governance of a Blockchain, which may stymie a Blockchain’s utility and ability to grow and face challenges. In particular, it may be difficult to find solutions or martial sufficient effort to overcome any future problems on a Blockchain, especially long-term problems.

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The foregoing notwithstanding, a Blockchain’s protocol is informally overseen by a collective of core developers who propose amendments to the relevant network’s source code. Core developers’ roles evolve over time, largely based on self-determined participation. If a significant majority of users and validators were to adopt amendments to a Blockchain based on the proposals of such core developers, a Blockchain would be subject to new protocols that may adversely affect the value of Crypto Assets.

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To the extent that any validators cease to record transactions that do not include the payment of a transaction fee in solved blocks or do not record a transaction because the transaction fee is too low, such transactions will not be recorded on a Blockchain until a block is validated by a validator who does not require the payment of transaction fees or is willing to accept a lower fee. Any widespread delays in the recording of transactions could result in a loss of confidence in a digital asset network.

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As a Blockchains continue to develop and grow, certain technical issues might be uncovered and the trouble shooting and resolution of such issues requires the attention and efforts of that Crypto Asset’s global development community. Like all software, a Blockchain is at risk of vulnerabilities and bugs that can potentially be exploited by malicious actors.

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Many digital asset networks face significant scaling challenges and are being upgraded with various features designed to increase the speed of digital asset transactions and the number of transactions that can processed in a given period (known as “throughput”). These attempts to increase the volume of transactions may not be effective, and such upgrades may fail, resulting in potentially irreparable damage to a Blockchain and the value of Crypto Assets.

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Moreover, in the past, bugs, defects and flaws in the source code for digital assets have been exposed and exploited, including flaws that disrupted normal Blockchain or DApp and smart contract operations or disabled related functionality for users, exposed users’ personal information and/or resulted in the theft of users’ digital assets. The cryptography underlying a Blockchain or Crypto Assets as an asset could prove to be flawed or ineffective, or developments in mathematics and/or technology, including advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, could result in such cryptography becoming ineffective. In any of these circumstances, a malicious actor may be able to compromise the security of a Blockchain or take the Trust’s Crypto Assets, which would adversely affect the value of the Shares. Moreover, normal operations and functionality of a Blockchain may be negatively affected Such losses of functionality could lead to a Blockchain losing attractiveness to users, nodes, validators, or other stakeholders, thereby dampening demand for Crypto Assets. Even if another digital asset other than Crypto Assets were affected by similar circumstances, any reduction in confidence in the source code or cryptography underlying digital assets generally could negatively affect the demand for digital assets and therefore adversely affect the value of the Shares.

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Software applications running on top of a Blockchain (often referred to as “decentralized applications” or “DApps”, whether or not decentralized in fact) and smart contract developers depend on being able to obtain Crypto Assets to be able to run their programs and operate their businesses. In particular, decentralized applications and smart contracts require Crypto Assets in order to pay the gas fees needed to power such applications and smart contracts and execute transactions. As such, they represent a significant source of demand for Crypto Assets. Crypto Assets’ price volatility (particularly where Crypto Assets prices increase), or a Blockchain’s wider inability to meet the demands of decentralized applications and smart contracts in terms of inexpensive, reliable, and prompt transaction execution (including during congested periods), or to solve its scaling challenges or increase its throughput, may discourage such decentralized application and smart contract developers from using a Blockchain as the foundational infrastructure layer for building their applications and smart contracts. If decentralized application and smart contract developers abandon a Blockchain for other blockchain or digital asset networks or protocols for whatever reason, the value of Crypto Assets could be negatively affected.

Moreover, because digital assets, including Crypto Assets, have been in existence for a short period of time and are continuing to develop, there may be additional risks in the future that are impossible to predict as of the date of this Prospectus.

Digital Assets Represent A New And Rapidly Evolving Industry, And The Value Of The Shares Depends On The Acceptance Of Crypto Assets.

The first major blockchain-based digital asset, bitcoin, was launched in 2009. In general, digital asset networks represent a new and rapidly evolving industry that is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. For example, the realization of one or more of the following risks could materially adversely affect the value of the Shares:

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Banks and other established financial institutions may refuse to process funds for Crypto Assets transactions; process wire transfers to or from digital asset trading platforms, Crypto Assets-related companies or service providers; or maintain accounts for persons or entities transacting in Crypto Assets. As a result, the prices of Crypto Assets are largely determined by speculators and validators, thus contributing to price volatility that makes retailers less likely to accept Crypto Assets in the future.

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Banks may not provide banking services, or may cut off banking services, to businesses that provide digital asset related services or that accept digital assets as payment, which could dampen liquidity in the market and damage the public perception of digital assets generally or any one digital asset in particular and their or its utility as a payment system, which could decrease the price of digital assets generally or individually.

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Certain privacy-preserving features have been or are expected to be introduced to a number of digital asset networks. If any such features are introduced to a Blockchain, any trading platforms or businesses that facilitate transactions in Crypto Assets may be at an increased risk of criminal or civil lawsuits, or of having banking services cut off if there is a concern that these features interfere with the performance of anti-money laundering duties and economic sanctions checks.

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Users, developers and validators may otherwise switch to or adopt certain digital assets at the expense of their engagement

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The Trust is not actively managed and will not have any formal strategy relating to the development of a Blockchain and will not attempt to avoid or mitigate losses caused by declines in the price of Crypto Assets.

Due To The Nature Of Private Keys, Crypto Asset Transactions Are Irrevocable And Stolen Or Incorrectly Transferred Crypto Assets May Be Irretrievable. As A Result, Any Incorrectly Executed Crypto Assets Transactions Could Adversely Affect An Investment In The Trust.

Crypto Assets transactions are typically not reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the transaction. Once a transaction has been signed with private keys, verified and recorded in a block that is added to a Blockchain, an incorrect transfer of cryptocurrency, such as Crypto Assets, or a theft of Crypto Assets generally will not be reversible and the Trust may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer or theft. Although the Trust’s transfers of Crypto Assets will regularly be made to or from the Trust’s accounts at the Custodian or an additional Crypto Assets custodian (the “Additional Crypto Assets Custodian”), it is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, the Trust’s Crypto Assets could be transferred from the Trust’s account at the Custodian or the Additional Crypto Assets Custodian in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to uncontrolled accounts. To the extent that the Trust is unable to successfully seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

The custody of the Trust’s Crypto Assets is handled by the Custodian or the Additional Crypto Assets Custodian, and the transfer of Crypto Assets to and from Liquidity Providers normally takes place through the Custodian’s Clearing Services and is directed by the Administrator and the Transfer Agent. The Sponsor has evaluated the procedures and internal controls of the Trust’s Custodian and the Additional Crypto Assets Custodian to safeguard the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings, as well as the procedures and internal controls of the Trust’s Administrator.

However, it is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, the Trust’s Crypto Assets could be transferred from the Trust’s Crypto Assets Account or Clearing Account at the Custodian or the Additional Crypto Assets Account at the Additional Crypto Assets Custodian in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to incorrect destination addresses on a Blockchain.

Alternatively, if the Custodian’s and the Additional Crypto Assets Custodian’s internal procedures and controls are inadequate to safeguard the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings, and the Trust’s private key(s) is (are) lost, destroyed or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private key(s) is (are) accessible, the Trust will be unable to access its Crypto Assets, which could adversely affect an investment in the Shares of the Trust. In addition, if the Trust’s private key(s) is (are) misappropriated and the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings are stolen, including from or by the Custodian or the Additional Crypto Assets Custodian, the Trust could lose some or all of its Crypto Assets holdings, which could adversely impact an investment in the Shares of the Trust.

Such events have occurred in connection with digital assets in the past. For example, in September 2014, the Chinese digital asset exchange Huobi announced that it had sent approximately 900 bitcoins and 8,000 Litecoins (worth approximately $400,000 at the prevailing market prices at the time) to the wrong customers. To the extent that the Trust is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third party or is incapable of identifying the third party which has received the Trust’s Crypto Assets through error or theft, the Trust will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred Crypto Assets. The Trust will also be unable to convert or recover its Crypto Assets transferred to uncontrolled accounts. To the extent that the Trust is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

A Disruption Of The Internet May Affect Blockchain Operations, Which May Adversely Affect The Crypto Assets Industry And An Investment In The Trust.

Blockchains relies on the Internet. A significant disruption of Internet connectivity (i.e., one that affects large numbers of users or geographic regions) could disrupt a Blockchain’s functionality and operations until the disruption in the Internet is resolved. A disruption in the Internet could adversely affect an investment in the Trust or the ability of the Trust to operate.

A Blockchain’s Decentralized Governance Structure May Negatively Affect Its Ability To Grow And Respond To Challenges.

The governance of decentralized networks is by voluntary consensus and open competition. In other words, a Blockchain has no central decision-making body or clear manner in which participants can come to an agreement other than through voluntary, widespread consensus. As a result, a lack of widespread consensus in the governance of a Blockchain may adversely affect the network’s utility and ability to adapt and face challenges, including technical and scaling challenges. If a significant majority of users and validators adopt amendments to a decentralized network based on the proposals of such core developers, such network will be subject to new protocols that may adversely affect the value of the relevant digital asset. However, a Blockchain would cease to operate successfully without both validators and users, and the core developers cannot formally compel them to adopt the changes to the source code desired by core developers, or to continue to render services or participate in a Blockchain. As a general matter, the governance of a Blockchain generally depends on most of members of the community ultimately reaching some form of voluntary agreement on significant changes.

The decentralized governance of a Blockchain may make it difficult to find or implement solutions or marshal sufficient effort to overcome existing or future problems, especially protracted ones requiring substantial directed effort and resource commitment over a long period of time, such as scaling challenges. A Blockchain’s failure to overcome governance challenges could exacerbate problems experienced by the network or cause the network to fail to meet the needs of its users, and could cause users, miners, and developer talent to abandon a Blockchain or to choose competing blockchain protocols, or lead to a drop in speculative interest, which could cause the value of Crypto Assets to decline. If the community is unable to reach consensus in the future, it could have adverse consequences for the network or lead to a fork, which could affect the value of Crypto Assets.

Digital assets may have concentrated ownership and large sales or distributions by holders of such digital assets, or any ability to participate in or otherwise influence a digital asset’s underlying network, could have an adverse effect on the market price of such digital asset.

As of ________, 20__, the largest 100 Crypto Assets wallets held approximately ____% of the Crypto Assets in circulation. Moreover, it is possible that other persons or entities control multiple wallets that collectively hold a significant number of Crypto Assets, even if they individually only hold a small amount, and it is possible that some of these wallets are controlled by the same person or entity. As a result of this concentration of ownership, large sales or distributions by such holders could have an adverse effect on the market price of Crypto Assets.

A Temporary Or Permanent “Fork” or a “Clone” Of A Blockchain Could Adversely Affect The Value Of The Shares.

Blockchains operates using open-source protocols, meaning that any user can download the software, modify it and then propose that the users and validators of Crypto Assets adopt the modification. When a modification is introduced and a substantial majority of users and validators’ consent to the modification, the change is implemented and the network remains uninterrupted. However, if less than a substantial majority of users and validators’ consent to the proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, the consequence would be what is known as a “hard fork” of a Blockchain, with one group running the pre-modified software and the other running the modified software. The effect of such a fork would be the existence of two versions of Crypto Assets running in parallel, yet lacking interchangeability. For example, in September 2022, the Ethereum Network transitioned to a proof-of-stake model, in an upgrade referred to as the “Merge.” Following the Merge, a hard fork of the Ethereum Network occurred, as certain Ethereum miners and network participants planned to maintain the proof-of-work consensus mechanism that was removed as part of the Merge. This version of the network was rebranded as “Ethereum Proof-of-Work.”

Forks may also occur as a network community’s response to a significant security breach. For example, in July 2016, Ethereum “forked” into Ethereum and a new digital asset, Ethereum Classic, as a result of the Ethereum Network community’s response to a significant security breach. In June 2016, an anonymous hacker exploited a smart contract running on the Ethereum Network to syphon approximately $60 million of ETH held by The DAO, a distributed autonomous organization, into a segregated account. In response to the hack, most participants in the Ethereum community elected to adopt a “fork” that effectively reversed the hack. However, a minority of users continued to develop the original blockchain, referred to as “Ethereum Classic” with the digital asset on that blockchain now referred to as ETC. ETC now trades on several Digital asset trading platforms. A fork may also occur as a result of an unintentional or unanticipated software flaw in the various versions of otherwise compatible software that users run. Such a fork could lead to users and validators abandoning the digital asset with the flawed software. It is possible, however, that a substantial number of users and validators could adopt an incompatible version of the digital asset while resisting community-led efforts to merge the two chains. This could result in a permanent fork, as in the case of Ethereum and Ethereum Classic.

Furthermore, a hard fork can lead to new security concerns. For example, when the Ethereum and Ethereum Classic networks, two other digital asset networks, split in July 2016, replay attacks, in which transactions from one network were rebroadcast to nefarious effect on the other network, plagued Ethereum trading platforms through at least October 2016. An Ethereum trading platform announced in July 2016 that it had lost 40,000 Ethereum Classic, worth about $100,000 at that time, as a result of replay attacks. Similar replay attack concerns occurred in connection with the Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Satoshi’s Vision networks split in November 2018. Another possible result of a hard fork is an inherent decrease in the level of security due to significant amounts of validating power remaining on one network or migrating instead to the new forked network. After a hard fork, it may become easier for an individual validator or validating pool’s validating power to exceed 50% of the validating power of a digital asset network that retained or attracted less validating power, thereby making digital asset networks that rely on proof-of-stake more susceptible to attack.

Protocols may also be cloned. Unlike a fork, which modifies an existing blockchain, and results in two competing networks, each with the same genesis block, a “clone” is a copy of a protocol’s codebase, but results in an entirely new blockchain and new genesis block. Tokens are created solely from the new “clone” network and, in contrast to forks, holders of tokens of the existing network that was cloned do not receive any tokens of the new network. A “clone” results in a competing network that has characteristics substantially similar to the network it was based on, subject to any changes as determined by the developer(s) that initiated the clone.

A hard fork may adversely affect the price of Crypto Assets at the time of announcement or adoption. For example, the announcement of a hard fork could lead to increased demand for the pre-fork digital asset, in anticipation that ownership of the pre-fork digital asset would entitle holders to a new digital asset following the fork. The increased demand for the pre-fork digital asset may cause the price of the digital asset to rise. After the hard fork, it is possible the aggregate price of the two versions of the digital asset running in parallel would be less than the price of the digital asset immediately prior to the fork. Furthermore, while the Trust would be entitled to both versions of the digital asset running in parallel, the Sponsor will, as permitted by the terms of the Trust Agreement, determine which version of the digital asset is generally accepted as a Blockchain and should therefore be considered the appropriate network for the Trust’s purposes, and there is no guarantee that the Sponsor will choose the digital asset that is ultimately the most valuable fork.

Either of these events could therefore adversely impact the value of the Shares. As an illustrative example of a digital asset hard fork, following the DAO hack in July 2016, holders of Ethereum voted on-chain to reverse the hack, effectively causing a hard fork. For the days following the vote, the price of Ethereum rose from $11.65 on July 15, 2016 to $14.66 on July 21, 2016, the day after the first Ethereum Classic block was mined. A clone may also adversely affect the price of Crypto Assets at the time of announcement or adoption. For example, on November 6, 2016, Rhett Creighton, a Zcash developer, cloned the Zcash Network to launch Zclassic, a substantially identical version of the Zcash Network that eliminated the Founders’ Reward. For the days following the date the first Zclassic block was mined, the price of ZEC fell from $504.57 on November 5, 2016 to $236.01 on November 7, 2016 in the midst of a broader sell off of ZEC beginning immediately after the Zcash Network launch on October 28, 2016. A clone may also adversely affect the price of Crypto Assets at the time of announcement or adoption. A future fork in or clone of a Blockchain could adversely affect the value of the Shares or the ability of the Trust to operate.

Shareholders May Not Receive The Benefits Of Any Forks Or “Airdrops.”

We refer to the right to receive any benefits arising from a fork, airdrop (defined below), or similar event as an “Incidental Right” and any such virtual currency acquired through an Incidental Right as “IR Virtual Currency.” The only crypto asset to be held by the Trust will be Crypto Assets. The Trust has adopted the following procedures to address situations involving any fork, airdrop or similar event that results in the issuance of Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency that the Trust may receive. The Trust Agreement stipulates that if a fork occurs, the Sponsor shall determine which asset constitutes Crypto Assets and which network constitutes the applicable Blockchain, and the Sponsor will as soon as possible cause the Trust to irrevocably abandon the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency. Because the Trust will abandon any Incidental Rights and IR Virtual Currency, the Trust would not receive any direct or indirect consideration for the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency and thus the value of the Shares will not reflect the value of the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency. Such Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency will not be taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. In the event the Trust seeks to change this position, an application would need to be filed with the SEC by the Exchange seeking approval to amend its listing rules to permit the Trust to distribute the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency that is not Crypto Assets in-kind to the Sponsor, as agent for the Shareholders, and the Sponsor would arrange to sell or otherwise dispose of the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency and for the proceeds (if any) to be distributed to the Shareholders. There can be no assurance as to whether or when the Sponsor would make such a decision, or when the Exchange will seek or obtain this approval, if at all.

In addition to forks, a digital asset may become subject to a similar occurrence known as an “airdrop.” In an airdrop, the promotors of a new digital asset announce to holders of another digital asset that such holders will be entitled to claim a certain amount of the new digital asset for free, based on the fact that they hold such other digital asset. Neither the Trust nor the Sponsor shall be under any obligation to claim or attempt to secure or realize any economic benefit from “airdropped” assets, and the Sponsor will cause the Trust to irrevocably and permanently abandon, for no consideration, such Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency. In the event the Trust seeks to change this position, an application would need to be filed with the SEC by the Exchange seeking approval to amend its listing rules to permit the Trust to distribute the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency associated with the airdropped assets in-kind to the Sponsor, as agent for the Shareholders, and the Sponsor would arrange to sell or otherwise dispose of the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency and for the proceeds (if any) to be distributed to the Shareholders.

With respect to any fork, airdrop or similar event, the Sponsor will cause the Trust to irrevocably abandon the Incidental Rights and any IR Virtual Currency associated with such event. As such, Shareholders will not receive the benefits of any forks, and the Trust is not able to participate in any airdrop. In the event the Trust seeks to change this position, an application would need to be filed with the SEC by the Exchange seeking approval to amend its listing rules to permit the Trust to change this policy.

Even if required regulatory approval is sought and obtained, Shareholders may not receive the benefits of any forks, airdrops, or similar events, the Trust may not choose, or be able, to participate in an airdrop, and the timing of receiving any benefits from a fork, airdrop or similar event is uncertain. Any inability to recognize the economic benefit of a hard fork or airdrop could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

In The Event Of A Hard Fork Of A Blockchain, The Sponsor Will, If Permitted By The Terms Of The Trust Agreement, Use Its Discretion To Determine Which Network Should Be Considered The Appropriate Network For The Trust’s Purposes, And In Doing So May Adversely Affect The Value Of The Shares.

In the event of a hard fork of a Blockchain, the Sponsor is authorized, under the terms of the Trust Agreement, to exercise its discretion in determining which network should be considered the appropriate network for the Trust’s purposes. The Sponsor’s decision-making process involves evaluating various factors to ensure the best interests of the Trust and its beneficiaries are maintained. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the stability and security of the network, the level of community support, the potential impact on the Trust’s assets, the Sponsor’s beliefs regarding expectations of the core developers of Crypto Assets, users, service providers, businesses, miners and other constituencies, as well as the actual continued acceptance of, mining power on, and community engagement with, a Blockchain. There is no guarantee that the Sponsor will choose the digital asset that is ultimately the most valuable fork, and the Sponsor’s decision may adversely affect the value of the Shares as a result.

Any Name Change And Any Associated Rebranding Initiative By The Core Developers Of Crypto Assets May Not Be Favorably Received By The Digital Asset Community, Which Could Negatively Impact The Value Of Crypto Assets And The Value Of The Shares.

From time to time, digital assets may undergo name changes and associated rebranding initiatives. For example, Bitcoin Cash may sometimes be referred to as Bitcoin ABC in an effort to differentiate itself from any Bitcoin Cash hard forks, such as Bitcoin Satoshi’s Vision, and in the third quarter of 2018, the team behind ZEN rebranded and changed the name of ZenCash to “Horizen.” We cannot predict the impact of any name change and any associated rebranding initiative on Crypto Assets. After a name change and an associated rebranding initiative, a digital asset may not be able to achieve or maintain brand name recognition or status that is comparable to the recognition and status previously enjoyed by such digital asset. The failure of any name change and any associated rebranding initiative by a digital asset may result in such digital asset not realizing some or all of the anticipated benefits contemplated by the name change and associated rebranding initiative, and could negatively impact the value of Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

A Blockchain Could Be Vulnerable To Attacks on Transaction Finality and Consensus Processes, Which Could Adversely Affect An Investment In The Trust Or The Ability Of The Trust To Operate.

Blockchains are currently vulnerable to several types of attacks, including:

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“33% attack” where, if a validator or group of validators were to gain control of more than 33% of the total staked Crypto Assets on a Blockchain, a malicious actor could temporarily impede or delay block confirmation or even cause a temporary fork in a Blockchain.

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“50% attack” where, if a validator or group of validators acting in concert were to gain control of more than 50% of the total staked Crypto Assets on a Blockchain, a malicious actor would be able to gain full control of a Blockchain and the ability to manipulate a Blockchain on a forward-looking basis, including censoring transactions following the achievement of threshold, double-spending and fraudulent block propagation, while the attacker maintains the threshold. In theory, the minority non-attackers might reach social consensus to reject blocks proposed by the malicious majority attacker, reducing the attacker’s ability to engage in malicious activity, but there can be no assurance this would happen or that non-attackers would be able to coordinate effectively.

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“>66% attack” where, if a validator or group of validators acting in concert were to gain control of more than 66% of the total staked Crypto Assets on a Blockchain, a malicious actor could permanently and irreversibly manipulate a Blockchain, including censorship, double-spending and fraudulent block propagation, both on a forward-and backward-looking basis. The attacker could unilaterally finalize their preferred chain without the votes of any other stakers, and could also reverse past finalized blocks.

If a malicious actor, group or botnet (a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtains certain percentages of the validating power dedicated to validation on a Blockchain is controlled by a bad actor (often referred to as a “51% attack”, though the numerical thresholds vary in the proof-of-stake consensus mechanism of a Blockchain), it may be able to alter a Blockchain on which a Blockchain and Crypto Assets transactions rely. A Blockchain’s proof-of-stake consensus mechanism requires a 2/3 supermajority of validators who have staked Crypto Assets to vote in favor in order to finalize transactions and add blocks to a Blockchain. If the bad actor were to obtain 2/3 of the total Crypto Assets staked in validation processes, it is widely believed that the bad actor could construct fraudulent blocks, “double-spend” its own Crypto Assets (i.e., spend the same Crypto Assets in more than one transaction), or censor other users’ transactions by preventing them from being confirmed while continuing to validate and confirm its own transactions and earn the associated block reward, thereby enriching itself while also entrenching its own control of a Blockchain. If the bad actor were to obtain 1/3 of the total Crypto Assets staked in validation processes, the bad actor could prevent certain transactions from completing in a timely manner, or at all, and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions, and it likely could not double spend or propagate fraudulent blocks without the 66% supermajority of staked assets. With control of the respective threshold of total staked assets on a Blockchain, it could be possible for the malicious actor to control, exclude or modify the ordering of transactions on a Blockchain and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions, while continuing to mine new Crypto Assets and confirm its own blocks, for so long as it maintained control. To the extent that such malicious actor or botnet did not yield its control of the validating power on a Blockchain or the applicable Crypto Asset community did not reject the fraudulent blocks as malicious or to the extent that such bad actor did not yield its control of processing power, reversing any changes made to a Blockchain may be difficult or impossible. Further, a malicious actor or botnet could create a flood of transactions in order to slow down a Blockchain.

For example, in August 2020, the Ethereum Classic network was the target of two double-spend attacks by an unknown actor or actors that gained more than 50% of the processing power of the Ethereum Classic network. The attacks resulted in reorganizations of the Ethereum Classic blockchain that allowed the attacker or attackers to reverse previously recorded transactions in excess of $5.0 million and $1.0 million. Any similar attacks on a Blockchain could negatively impact the value of Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

In addition, in May 2019, the Bitcoin Cash network experienced a 51% attack when two large mining pools reversed a series of transactions in order to stop an unknown miner from taking advantage of a flaw in a recent Bitcoin Cash protocol upgrade. Although this particular attack was arguably benevolent, the fact that such coordinated activity was able to occur may negatively impact perceptions of the Bitcoin Cash network. Although the two attacks described above took place on proof-of-work-based networks, it is possible that a similar attack may occur on a Blockchain, which could negatively impact the value of Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

Although there are no known reports of malicious control of a Blockchain, if groups of coordinating or connected Crypto Assets holders that together have more than 50% of outstanding Crypto Assets, were to stake that Crypto Assets and run validators, they could exert authority over the validation of Crypto Assets transactions. This risk is heightened if over 50% of the validating power on the network falls within the jurisdiction of a single governmental authority. If network participants, including the core developers and the administrators of validating pools, do not act to ensure greater decentralization of Crypto Assets, the feasibility of a malicious actor obtaining control of the validating power on a Blockchain will increase, which may adversely affect the value Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

A malicious actor may also obtain control over a Blockchain through its influence over core developers by gaining direct control over a core developer or an otherwise influential programmer. To the extent that users and miners accept amendments to the source code proposed by the controlled core developer, other core developers do not counter such amendments, and such amendments enable the malicious exploitation of a Blockchain, the risk that a malicious actor may be able to obtain control of a Blockchain in this manner exists. Moreover, it is possible that a group of Crypto Assets holders that together control more than 50% of outstanding Crypto Assets are in fact part of the initial or core developer group, or are otherwise influential members of the applicable Crypto Asset community. To the extent that the initial or existing core developer groups also control more than the relevant thresholds of outstanding Crypto Assets, as some believe, the risk of and arising from this particular group of users obtaining control of the validating power on a Blockchain will be even greater, and should this materialize, it may adversely affect the value of the Shares.

If Validators Exit A Blockchain, It Could Increase The Likelihood Of A Malicious Actor Obtaining Control.

Validators exiting the network could make a Blockchain more vulnerable to a malicious actor obtaining control of a large percentage of staked Crypto Assets, which might enable them to manipulate a Blockchain by censoring or manipulating specific transactions, as discussed previously. If a Blockchain suffers such an attack, the price of Crypto Assets could be negatively affected, and a loss of confidence in a Blockchain could result. Any reduction in confidence in the transaction confirmation process or staking power of a Blockchain may adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

Blockchain Technologies Are Based On Theoretical Conjectures As To The Impossibility Of Solving Certain Cryptographical Puzzles Quickly. These Premises May Be Incorrect Or May Become Incorrect Due To Technological Advances.

Blockchain technologies are premised on theoretical conjectures as to the impossibility, in practice, of solving certain mathematical problems quickly. Those conjectures remain unproven, however, and mathematical or technological advances could conceivably prove them to be incorrect. Blockchain technology companies may also be negatively affected by cryptography or other technological or mathematical advances, such as the development of quantum computers with significantly more power than computers presently available, that undermine or vitiate the cryptographic consensus mechanism underpinning a Blockchain and other distributed ledger protocols. If either of these events were to happen, markets that rely on blockchain technologies, such as a Blockchain, could quickly collapse, and an investment in the Trust may be adversely affected.

The Price Of Crypto Assets On The Crypto Assets Market Has Exhibited Periods Of Extreme Volatility, Which Could Have A Negative Impact On The Performance Of The Trust.

The price of Crypto Assets as determined by the Crypto Assets market has experienced periods of extreme volatility and may be influenced by a wide variety of factors. Speculators and investors who seek to profit from trading and holding Crypto Assets generate a significant portion of Crypto Assets demand. Such speculation regarding the potential future appreciation in the value of Crypto Assets may cause the price of Crypto Assets to increase.

Conversely, a decrease in demand for or speculative interest regarding Crypto Assets may cause the price to decline. The volatility of the price of Crypto Assets, particularly arising from speculative activity, may have a negative impact on the performance of the Trust.

Smart Contracts, Including Those Relating To DeFi Applications, Are A New Technology And Their Ongoing Development And Operation May Result In Problems, Which Could Reduce The Demand For Crypto Assets Or Cause A Wider Loss Of Confidence In A Blockchain, Either Of Which Could Have An Adverse Impact On The Value Of Crypto Assets.

Smart contracts are programs that run on a Blockchain that execute automatically when certain conditions are met. Since smart contracts typically cannot be stopped or reversed, vulnerabilities in their programming can have damaging effects. For example, in June 2016, a vulnerability in the smart contracts underlying the DAO, a distributed autonomous organization for venture capital funding on the Ethereum network, allowed an attack by a hacker to syphon approximately $60 million worth of ETH from The DAO’s accounts into a segregated account. In the aftermath of the theft, certain core developers and contributors pursued a “hard fork” of the Ethereum Network in order to erase any record of the theft. Despite these efforts, the price of ETH reportedly dropped approximately 35% in the aftermath of the attack and subsequent hard fork. In addition, in July 2017, a vulnerability in a smart contract for a multi-signature wallet software developed by Parity led to a reportedly $30 million theft of ETH, and in November 2017, a new vulnerability in Parity’s wallet software reportedly led to roughly $160 million worth of ETH being indefinitely frozen in an account. Furthermore, in April 2018, a batch overflow bug was found in many Ethereum-based ERC20-compatible smart contract tokens that allows hackers to create a large number of smart contract tokens, causing multiple crypto asset platforms worldwide to shut down ERC20-compatible token trading. Similarly, in March 2020, a design flaw in the MakerDAO smart contract caused forced liquidations of crypto assets at significantly discounted prices, resulting in millions of dollars of losses to users who had deposited crypto assets into the smart contract. In another example, in February 2022, a vulnerability in a smart contract for Wormhole, a bridge between the Ethereum and Blockchains led to a $320 million theft of Ethereum. Other smart contracts, such as bridges between blockchain networks and decentralized finance (“DeFi”) protocols have also been manipulated, exploited or used in ways that were not intended or envisioned by their creators such that attackers syphoned over $3.8 billion worth of digital assets from smart contracts in 2022. Problems with the development, deployment, and operation of smart contracts may have an adverse effect on the value of Crypto Assets, just as they have for other digital assets like Ethereum.

In some cases, smart contracts can be controlled by one or more “admin keys” or users with special privileges, or “super users”. These users may have the ability to unilaterally make changes to the smart contract, enable or disable features on the smart contract, change how the smart contract receives external inputs and data, and make other changes to the smart contract. Furthermore, in some cases inadequate public information may be available information asymmetries may exist, even with respect to open-source smart contracts or applications; certain participants may have hidden informational or technological advantages, making for an uneven playing field. There may be opportunities for bad actors to perpetrate fraudulent schemes and engage in illicit activities and other misconduct, such as exit scams and rug pulls (orchestrated by developers and/or influencers who promote a smart contract or application and, ultimately, escape with the money at an agreed time), or Ponzi or similar fraud schemes.

Many DeFi applications are currently deployed on Blockchains, and smart contracts relating to DeFi applications currently represent a significant source of demand for Crypto Assets. DeFi applications may achieve their investment purposes through self-executing smart contracts that may allow users to invest digital assets in a pool from which other users can borrow without requiring an intermediate party to facilitate these transactions. These investments may earn interest to the investor based on the rates at which borrowers repay the loan, and can generally be withdrawn by the investor. For smart contracts that hold a pool of digital asset reserves, smart contract super users or admin key holders may be able to extract funds from the pool, liquidate assets held in the pool, or take other actions that decrease the value of the digital assets held by the smart contract in reserves. Even for digital assets that have adopted a decentralized governance mechanism, such as smart contracts that are governed by the holders of a governance token, such governance tokens can be concentrated in the hands of a small group of core community members, who would be able to make similar changes unilaterally to the smart contract. If any such super user or group of core members unilaterally make adverse changes to a smart contract, the design, functionality, features and value of the smart contract, its related digital assets may be harmed. In addition, assets held by the smart contract in reserves may be stolen, misused, burnt, locked up or otherwise become unusable and irrecoverable. Super users can also become targets of hackers and malicious attackers. If an attacker is able to access or obtain the super user privileges of a smart contract, or if a smart contract’s super users or core community members take actions that adversely affect the smart contract, users who transact with the smart contract may experience decreased functionality of the smart contract or may suffer a partial or total loss of any digital assets they have used to transact with the smart contract. Furthermore, the underlying smart contracts may be insecure, contain bugs or other vulnerabilities, or otherwise may not work as intended. Any of the foregoing could cause users of the DeFi application to be negatively affected, or could cause the DeFi application to be the subject of negative publicity. Because DeFi applications may be built on a Blockchain and represent a significant source of demand for Crypto Assets, public confidence in a Blockchain itself could be negatively affected, such sources of demand could diminish and the value of Crypto Assets could decrease. Similar risks apply to any smart contract or decentralized application, not just DeFi applications.

Validators May Suffer Losses Due To Staking, Or Staking May Prove Unattractive To Validators, Which Could Make A Blockchain Less Attractive.

Validation on a Blockchain requires Crypto Assets to be transferred into smart contracts on the underlying blockchain network, which is not under the Trust’s or any other party’s control. If a Blockchain’s source code or protocol fails to perform as expected, or is subject to cyberattacks, security breaches or other operational failures, such assets may be permanently lost. A Blockchain defines specific requirements for participation in validation activity, including technical performance and network behavior. While a Blockchain does not currently implement automated slashing, meaning penalties are not automatically imposed on validators for misbehavior, there is no guarantee that slashing or similar penalty mechanisms will not be adopted in the future. At present, slashing on a Blockchain is not enforced (and has never been enforced) through protocol-level automation but may be applied manually through social consensus following significant validator misconduct. In the event of a consensus failure, a Blockchain may halt, and the validator set may propose slashing penalties upon restart.

A Blockchain requires the payment of base fees and the practice of paying prioritization fees is common, and such fees can become significant as the amount and complexity of the transaction grows, depending on the degree of network congestion and the price of Crypto Assets. Any cybersecurity attacks, security issues, hacks, penalties, slashing events, or other problems could damage validators’ willingness to participate in validation, discourage existing and future validators from serving as such, and adversely impact a Blockchain’s adoption or the price of Crypto Assets. Any disruption of validation on a Blockchain could interfere with network operations and cause a Blockchain to be less attractive to users and application developers than competing blockchain networks, which could cause the price of Crypto Assets to decrease. The limited liquidity during the “activation” or “de-activation” processes could dissuade potential validators from participating, which could interfere with network operations or security and cause a Blockchain to be less attractive to users and application developers than competing blockchain networks, which could cause the price of Crypto Assets to decrease.

Proof-Of-Stake Blockchains Are A Relatively Recent Innovation, And Have Not Been Subject To As Widespread Use Or Adoption Over As Long Of A Period Of Time As Traditional Proof-Of-Work Blockchains.

Certain digital assets, such as bitcoin, use a “proof-of-work” consensus algorithm. The genesis block on the Bitcoin blockchain was mined in 2009, and Bitcoin’s blockchain has been in operation since then. Many newer blockchains enabling smart contract functionality, including the current Ethereum network following the completion of the Merge in 2022, use a newer consensus algorithm known as “proof-of-stake.” While their proponents believe that they may have certain advantages, the “proof-of-stake” consensus mechanisms and governance systems underlying many newer blockchain protocols, including a Blockchain, and their associated digital assets – including the Crypto Assets held by the Trust – have not been tested at scale over as long of a period of time or subject to as widespread use or adoption as, for example, Bitcoin’s proof-of-work consensus mechanism has. This could lead to these blockchains, and their associated digital assets, having undetected vulnerabilities, structural design flaws, suboptimal incentive structures for network participants (e.g., validators), technical disruptions, or a wide variety of other problems, any of which could cause these blockchains not to function as intended, lead to outright failure to function entirely causing a total outage or disruption of network activity, or to suffer other operational problems or reputational damage, leading to a loss of users or adoption or a loss in value of the associated digital assets, including the Trust’s assets. Over the long term, there can be no assurance that the proof-of-stake blockchain on which the Trust’s assets rely will achieve widespread scale or adoption or perform successfully; any failure to do so could negatively impact the value of the Trust’s assets.

Operational Cost May Exceed The Award For Validating Transaction, And Increased Transaction Fees May Adversely Affect The Usage Of A Blockchain.

If transaction confirmation fees become too high, the marketplace may be reluctant to use a Blockchain. This may result in decreased usage and limit expansion of a Blockchain in the retail, commercial and payments space, adversely impacting investment in the Trust. Conversely, if the reward for validators or the value of the transaction fees is insufficient to motivate validators, they may cease to validate transactions.

Ultimately, if the awards of new Crypto Assets costs of validating transactions grow disproportionately, miners may operate at a loss, transition to other networks, or cease operations altogether. Each of these outcomes could, in turn, slow transaction validation and usage, which could have a negative impact on a Blockchain and could adversely affect the value of the Crypto Assets held by the Trust.

As a result of Crypto Assets’ fee burning mechanism, the incentives for validators to validate transactions with higher gas fees are reduced, since those validators would not receive those gas fees.

An acute cessation of validator operations would reduce the collective processing power on a Blockchain, which would adversely affect the transaction verification process by temporarily decreasing the speed at which blocks are added to a Blockchain and make the blockchain more vulnerable to a malicious actor obtaining control in excess of the relevant threshold of the processing power on the blockchain. Reductions in processing power could result in material, though temporary, delays in transaction confirmation time. Any reduction in confidence in the transaction verification process or may adversely impact the value of Shares of the Trust or the ability of the Sponsor to operate.

Risks associated with the Sponsor staking a portion of the Trust’s assets.

The Trust will stake, or cause to be staked, a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more staking infrastructure providers (each a “Staking Provider”). Under normal circumstances, the Sponsor will seek to stake all of the Trust’s Proof-of-Stake Assets except for Proof-of-Stake Assets reserved by the Sponsor in its sole discretion to facilitate foreseeable redemption transactions, pay Trust expenses or otherwise protect the Trust and its assets, or where the Sponsor believes that the staking of such Proof-of-Stake Assets would result in an immaterial amount of rewards for the Trust (as of the date of this Prospectus, the Sponsor generally considers a staking yield of less than [ ]% to be immaterial). The Trust will stake the Trust’s Proof-of-Stake Assets on a Blockchain through the Custodian using a software protocol that connects the Trust to a pool of verified validator nodes on a Blockchain for automated Crypto Assets staking optimization. The Custodian will maintain exclusive possession and control of the private keys associated with any staked Crypto Assets at all times. The staking process includes protocol-defined warm-up, activation and withdrawal periods, during which delegated Crypto Assets are temporarily locked and inaccessible. These phases affect when Crypto Assets begins earning rewards, participates in consensus and becomes available for transfer or redelegation. As a result of any staking activity in which the Trust may engage, the Trust expects to receive certain staking rewards of Crypto Assets, which may be treated for federal income tax purposes as income to the Trust. (See __ for further description of the tax implications of the activities of the Trust to an investor.) The Trust itself will not engage in staking activities, including operation of a validator node. Instead, the staking program will be operated through the Trust’s service providers, including the Custodian and Staking Provider. The Staking Provider exercises no discretion as to the amount the Trust’s Crypto Assets to be staked or timing of the staking activities. The Custodian will maintain exclusive possession and control of the private keys associated with any staked Crypto Assets at all times. The amount of Crypto Assets the Trust may receive as reward for its staking activity can vary significantly over time.

Staking activity comes with a risk of loss of Proof-of-Stake Assets. None of the Trust’s assets, including any staked assets, are subject to the protections enjoyed by depositors with Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) or SIPC member institutions. A Blockchain defines specific requirements for participation in validation activity, including technical performance and network behavior. While a Blockchain does not currently implement automated slashing, meaning penalties are not automatically imposed on validators for misbehavior, there is no guarantee that slashing or similar penalty mechanisms will not be adopted in the future. At present, slashing on a Blockchain is not enforced through protocol-level automation but may be applied manually through social consensus following significant validator misconduct. In the event of a consensus failure, a Blockchain may halt, and the validator set may propose slashing penalties upon restart. If implemented in the future, staked assets may be subject to “slashing” penalties. Slashings occur when a validator attests to two different histories of the chain and penalties occur when a validator is offline for a prolonged period of time. In combination, they deter malicious validators from attacking blockchains and ensure consistent participation of validators to maintain network stability. While the Sponsor does not expect the activities of the Staking Provider to result in slashing penalties, there can be no guarantee that slashing penalties will not occur. Furthermore, the Staking Provider’s liability to the Trust is limited, and the Staking Provider may lack the assets or insurance in order to support the recovery of any losses incurred. Accordingly, there can be no guarantee that the Trust would recover any of its staked assets, or the value thereof, if it is subject to slashing or penalties. Additionally, a Blockchain implements “activation” and “deactivation” buffer periods that regulate when stakers can begin earning rewards and when they can unstake and withdraw their Proof-of-Stake Assets. These mechanisms are designed to promote network stability by discouraging short-term or malicious validator behavior.

“Activation” refers to the warm-up period during which newly delegated Proof-of-Stake Assets becomes eligible to participate in consensus and earn rewards. “Deactivation” begins when a user initiates an unstaking request and continues through the cooldown period until the Proof-of-Stake Assets becomes fully withdrawable. During these periods, the affected Proof-of-Stake Assets are temporarily inaccessible. The duration of these phases is influenced by network demand and protocol constraints, and may range from hours to several days or longer. These dynamics may introduce liquidity risk to the Trust, which the Sponsor will seek to manage through appropriate risk management practices.

Risk Factors Related to Digital Assets

The Value Of The Shares Relates Directly To The Value Of Crypto Assets, The Value Of Which May Be Highly Volatile And Subject To Fluctuations Due To A Number Of Factors.

The value of the Shares relates directly to the value of the Crypto Assets held by the Trust and fluctuations in the price of Crypto Assets could adversely affect the value of the Shares. The market price of Crypto Assets may be highly volatile, and subject to a number of factors, including:

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an increase in the global Crypto Assets supply or a decrease in global Crypto Assets demand;

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market conditions of, and overall sentiment towards, the digital assets and blockchain technology industry;

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trading activity on digital asset trading platforms, which, in many cases, are largely unregulated or may be subject to manipulation;

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the adoption of Crypto Assets as a medium of exchange, store-of-value or other consumptive asset and the maintenance and development of the open-source software protocol of a Blockchain, and their ability to meet user demands;

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manipulative trading activity on digital asset exchanges, which, in many cases, are largely unregulated;

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the needs of decentralized applications, smart contracts, their users, and users of a Blockchain generally for Crypto Assets to pay gas fees to execute transactions;

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forks in a Blockchain, particularly where changes to a Blockchain source code are either not well-received by key constituencies within the applicable Crypto Asset community or are not successfully executed or implemented and fail to achieve the functionality such changes were intended to bring about;

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governmental or regulatory actions by, or investigations or litigation in, countries around the world targeting well-known decentralized applications or smart contracts that are built on a Blockchain, or other developments or problems, and associated publicity, involving or affecting such decentralized applications or smart contracts;

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increased competition from other forms of digital assets or payment services, including digital currencies constituting legal tender that may be issued in the future by central banks, or digital assets meant to serve as a medium of exchange by major private companies or other institutions;

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increased competition from other blockchain networks combining smart contracts, programmable scripting languages, and an associated runtime environment, with blockchain-based recordkeeping, particularly where such other blockchain networks are able to offer users access to a larger consumer user base, greater efficiency, reliability, or processing speed, or more economical transaction processing fees than a Blockchain;

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investors’ expectations with respect to interest rates, the rates of inflation of fiat currencies or Crypto Assets, and digital asset exchange rates;

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negative events, publicity, and social media coverage relating to the digital assets and blockchain technology industry;

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fiat currency withdrawal and deposit policies on digital asset trading platforms;

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the liquidity of digital asset markets and any increase or decrease in trading volume or market making on digital asset markets;

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business failures, bankruptcies, hacking, fraud, crime, government investigations, or other negative developments affecting digital asset businesses, including digital asset trading platforms, or banks or other financial institutions and service providers which provide services to the digital assets industry;

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the use of leverage in digital asset markets, including the unwinding of positions, “margin calls”, collateral liquidations and similar events;

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investment and trading activities of large or active consumer and institutional users, speculators, miners, and investors in Crypto Assets;

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a “short squeeze” resulting from speculation on the price of Crypto Assets, if aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of shares available for purchase;

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an active derivatives market for Crypto Assets or for digital assets generally;

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monetary policies of governments, legislation or regulation, trade restrictions, currency devaluations and revaluations and regulatory measures or enforcement actions, if any, that restrict the use of Crypto Assets as a form of payment or the purchase of Crypto Assets on the digital asset markets;

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global or regional political, economic or financial conditions, events and situations, such as the novel coronavirus outbreak;

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fees associated with processing a Crypto Assets transaction and the speed at which Crypto Assets transactions are settled;

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the maintenance, troubleshooting, and development of a Blockchain including by miners and developers worldwide;

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the ability for a Blockchain to attract and retain miners to secure and confirm transactions accurately and efficiently;

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ongoing technological viability and security of a Blockchain and Crypto Assets transactions, including vulnerabilities against hacks and scalability;

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financial strength of market participants;

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the availability and cost of funding and capital;

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the liquidity and credit risk of digital asset trading platforms;

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interruptions in service from or closures or failures of major digital asset trading platforms or their banking partners, or outages or system failures affecting a Blockchain;

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decreased confidence in digital assets and digital assets trading platforms;

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poor risk management or fraud by entities in the digital assets ecosystem;

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increased competition from other forms of digital assets or payment services; and

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the Trust’s own acquisitions or dispositions of Crypto Assets, since there is no limit on the number of Crypto Assets that the Trust may acquire.

Although returns from investing in Crypto Assets have at times diverged from those associated with other asset classes to a greater or lesser extent, there can be no assurance that there will be any such divergence in the future, either generally or with respect to any particular asset class, or that price movements will not be correlated. In addition, there is no assurance that Crypto Assets will maintain its value in the long, intermediate, short, or any other term. In the event that the price of Crypto Assets declines, the Sponsor expects the value of the Shares to decline proportionately.

The price of the Shares of the Trust are represented by the Index that may also be subject to momentum pricing due to speculation regarding future appreciation in value of Crypto Assets, leading to greater volatility that could adversely affect the value of the Shares. Momentum pricing typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the investing public, accounts for future appreciation in value, if any. The Sponsor believes that momentum pricing of Crypto Assets has resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of Crypto Assets, inflating and making the Index more volatile. As a result, Crypto Assets may be more likely to fluctuate in value due to changing investor confidence, which could impact future appreciation or depreciation in the Index and could adversely affect the value of the Trust.

The Trust is not actively managed and does not and will not have any strategy relating to the development of a Blockchain, nor will the Trust seek to avoid or mitigate losses from declines in the Crypto Assets price. Furthermore, the impact of the expansion of the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings on the digital asset industry and Blockchains is uncertain. A decline in the popularity or acceptance of a Blockchain, or the value of Crypto Assets, would harm the value of the Trust.

Digital Asset Networks Face Significant Scaling Challenges And Efforts To Increase The Volume and Speed Of Transactions May Not Be Successful.

Many digital asset networks face significant scaling challenges due to the fact that public blockchains generally face a tradeoff between security and scalability. One means through which public blockchains achieve security is decentralization, meaning that no intermediary is responsible for securing and maintaining these systems. For example, a greater degree of decentralization generally means a given digital asset network is less susceptible to manipulation or capture. Achieving decentralization may mean that every single node on a given digital asset network is responsible for securing the system by processing every transaction and every single full node is responsible for maintaining a copy of the entire state of the network. However, this may involve tradeoffs from an efficiency perspective, and impose constraints on throughput. A digital asset network may be limited in the number of transactions it can process by the fact that all validators participate in validating in each block and the capabilities of each single fully participating node. Many developers are actively researching and testing scalability solutions for public blockchains that do not necessarily result in lower levels of security or decentralization, such as off-chain payment channels. Off-chain payment channels would allow parties to transact without requiring the full processing power of a blockchain.

There is no guarantee that any of the mechanisms in place or being explored for increasing the scale of settlement of Blockchain transactions will be effective, or how long these mechanisms will take to become effective, which could adversely impact the value of the Shares.

The rapid development of other competing scalability solutions, such as those which would rely on handling the bulk of computational work relating to transactions or smart contracts and DApps outside of the main Blockchain and Blockchain, has caused alternatives to sharding to emerge. “Layer 2” is a collective term for solutions which are designed to help increase throughput and reduce transaction fees by handling or validating transactions off the main Blockchain (known as “Layer 1”) and then attempting to take advantage of the perceived security and integrity advantages of the Layer 1 Blockchain by uploading the transactions validated on the Layer 2 protocol back to the Layer 1 Blockchain. The details of how this is done vary significantly between different Layer 2 technologies and implementations. For example, “rollups” perform transaction execution outside the Layer 1 Blockchain and then post the data, typically in batches, back to the Layer 1 Blockchain where consensus is reached. “Zero knowledge rollups” are generally designed to run the computation needed to validate the transactions off-chain, on the Layer 2 protocol, and submit a proof of validity of a batch of transactions (not the entire transactions themselves) that is recorded on the Layer 1 Blockchain. By contrast, “optimistic rollups” assume transactions are valid by default and only run computation, via a fraud proof, in the event of a challenge. Other proposed Layer 2 scaling solutions include, among others, “state channels”, which are designed to allow participants to run a large number of transactions on the Layer 2 side channel protocol and only submit two transactions to the main Layer 1 Blockchain (the transaction opening the state channel, and the transaction closing the channel), “side chains”, in which an entire Layer 2 blockchain network with similar capabilities to the existing Layer 1 Blockchain runs in parallel with the existing Layer 1 Blockchain and allows smart contracts and DApps to run on the Layer 2 side chain without burdening the main Layer 1 network, and others.

Many developers are actively researching and testing scalability solutions for public blockchains. However, there is no guarantee that any of the mechanisms in place or being explored for increasing speed and throughput of settlement of the Blockchain transactions will be effective, which could cause a Blockchain to not adequately resolve scaling challenges and adversely impact the adoption of Crypto Assets and a Blockchain and the value of the Shares. There is no guarantee that any potential scaling solution, whether a change to the Layer 1 Blockchain like sharding or the introduction of a Layer 2 solution like rollups, state channels or side chains, will achieve widespread adoption. It is possible that proposed changes to the Layer 1 Blockchain could divide the community, potentially even causing a hard fork, or that the decentralized governance of a Blockchain causes network participants to fail to coalesce overwhelmingly around any particular solution, causing a Blockchain to suffer reduced adoption or causing users or validators to migrate to other blockchain networks. It is also possible that scaling solutions could fail to work as intended, could suffer from centralization concerns, or could introduce bugs, coding defects or flaws, security risks, or other problems that could cause them to suffer operational disruptions. Alternatively, if a widely-used Layer 2 network were to fail, it could reduce demand for Crypto Assets because it would eliminate a source of demand for using Crypto Assets to record transactions from the Layer 2 onto the Layer 1 Blockchain. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect the price of Crypto Assets or the value of the Shares of the Trust.

If The Digital Asset Award Or Transaction Fees For Recording Transactions On A Blockchain Are Not Sufficiently High To Incentivize Validators, Or If Certain Jurisdictions Continue To Limit Or Otherwise Regulate Validating Activities, Validators May Cease Expanding Validating Power Or Demand High Transaction Fees, Which Could Negatively Impact The Value Of Crypto Assets And The Value Of The Shares.

If the digital asset awards for validating blocks or the transaction fees for recording transactions on a Blockchain are not sufficiently high to incentivize validators, or if certain jurisdictions continue to limit or otherwise regulate validating activities, validators may cease expending validating power to validate blocks and confirmations of transactions on a Blockchain could be slowed. For example, the realization of one or more of the following risks could materially adversely affect the value of the Shares:

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A reduction in the processing power expended by validators on a Blockchain could increase the likelihood of a malicious actor or botnet (a volunteer or hacked collection of computers controlled by networked software coordinating the actions of the computers) obtaining control. See “—A Blockchain could be vulnerable to attacks on transaction finality and consensus processes, which could adversely affect an investment in the trust or the ability of the trust to operate.”

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Validators have historically accepted relatively low transaction confirmation fees on most digital asset networks. If validators demand higher transaction fees for recording transactions in a Blockchain or a software upgrade automatically charges fees for all transactions on a Blockchain, the cost of using Crypto Assets may increase and the marketplace may be reluctant to accept Crypto Assets as a means of payment. Alternatively, validators could collude in an anti-competitive manner to reject low transaction fees on a Blockchain and force users to pay higher fees, thus reducing the attractiveness of a Blockchain. Higher transaction confirmation fees resulting through collusion or otherwise may adversely affect the attractiveness of a Blockchain, the value of Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

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To the extent that any validators cease to record transactions that do not include the payment of a transaction fee in blocks or do not record a transaction because the transaction fee is too low, such transactions will not be recorded on a Blockchain until a block is validated by a validator who does not require the payment of transaction fees or is willing to accept a lower fee. Any widespread delays or disruptions in the recording of transactions could result in a loss of confidence in a Blockchain and could prevent the Trust from completing transactions associated with the day-to-day operations of the Trust, including creations and redemptions of the Shares in exchange for Crypto Assets with Authorized Participants.

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During the course of ordering transactions and validating blocks, validators may be able to prioritize certain transactions in return for increased transaction fees, an incentive system known as “Maximal Extractable Value” or MEV. For example, in blockchain networks that facilitate DeFi protocols in particular users may attempt to gain an advantage over other users by increasing offered transaction fees. Certain software solutions, such as Flashbots, have been developed which facilitate validators in capturing MEV produced by these increased fees. The MEV incentive system may lead to an increase in transaction fees on a Blockchain, which may diminish its use. Users or other stakeholders on a Blockchain could also view the existence of MEV as unfair manipulation of decentralized digital asset networks, and refrain from using DeFi protocols or a Blockchain generally. In addition, it’s possible regulators or legislators could enact rules which restrict the use of MEV, which could diminish the popularity of a Blockchain among users and validators. Any of these or other outcomes related to MEV may adversely affect the value of Crypto Assets and the value of the Shares.

Due To The Unregulated Nature And Lack Of Transparency Surrounding The Operations Of Crypto Assets Trading Platforms, They May Experience Fraud, Manipulation, Security Failures Or Operational Problems, Which May Adversely Affect The Value Of Crypto Assets And, Consequently, The Value Of The Shares.

Digital asset trading platforms are relatively new and, in some cases, unregulated. Many operate outside the United States.

Furthermore, while many prominent digital asset trading platforms provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management teams, corporate practices and regulatory compliance, many digital asset trading platforms do not provide this information. Digital asset trading platforms may not be subject to, or may not comply with, regulation in a similar manner as other regulated trading platforms, such as national securities exchanges or designated contract markets. As a result, the marketplace may lose confidence in digital asset trading platforms, including prominent trading platforms that handle a significant volume of Crypto Assets trading.

Many digital asset trading platforms are unlicensed, unregulated, operate without extensive supervision by governmental authorities, and do not provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management team, corporate practices, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance. In particular, those located outside the United States may be subject to significantly less stringent regulatory and compliance requirements in their local jurisdictions, and may take the position that they are not subject to laws and regulations that would apply to a national securities exchange or designated contract market in the United States, or may, as a practical matter, be beyond the ambit of U.S. regulators. As a result, trading activity on or reported by these digital asset trading platforms is generally significantly less regulated than trading in regulated U.S. securities and commodities markets, and may reflect behavior that would be prohibited in regulated U.S. trading venues. For example, in 2019 there were reports claiming that 80.95% of bitcoin trading volume on digital asset trading platforms was false or noneconomic in nature, with specific focus on unregulated trading platforms located outside of the United States. Such reports alleged that certain overseas trading platforms have displayed suspicious trading activity suggestive of a variety of manipulative or fraudulent practices, such as fake or artificial trading volume or trading volume based on non-economic “wash trading” (where offsetting trades are entered into for other than bona fide reasons, such as the desire to inflate reported trading volumes), and attributed such manipulative or fraudulent behavior to motives like the incentive to attract listing fees from token issuers who seek the most liquid and high-volume trading platforms on which to list their coins. Although these reports concerned bitcoin, it is possible that similar concerns are present for Crypto Assets markets as well.

Other academics and market observers have put forth evidence to support claims that manipulative trading activity has occurred on certain digital asset trading platforms. For example, in a 2017 paper titled “Price

Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem” sponsored by the Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center at Tel Aviv University, a group of researchers used publicly available trading data, as well as leaked transaction data from a 2014 Mt. Gox security breach, to identify and analyze the impact of “suspicious trading activity” on Mt. Gox between February and November 2013, which, according to the authors, caused the price of bitcoin to increase from around $150 to more than $1,000 over a two-month period.

In August 2017, it was reported that a trader or group of traders nicknamed “Spoofy” was placing large orders on Bitfinex without actually executing them, presumably in order to influence other investors into buying or selling by creating a false appearance that greater demand existed in the market. In December 2017, an anonymous blogger (publishing under the pseudonym Bitfinex’d) cited publicly available trading data to support his or her claim that a trading bot nicknamed “Picasso” was pursuing a paint-the-tape-style manipulation strategy by buying and selling bitcoin and bitcoin cash between affiliated accounts in order to create the appearance of substantial trading activity and thereby influence the price of such assets. Although bitcoin and Crypto Assets are different assets, Crypto Assets prices may be subject to similar activity. Even in the United States, there have been allegations of wash trading even on regulated venues. Any actual or perceived false trading in the digital asset exchange market, and any other fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could adversely affect the value of digital assets and/or negatively affect the market perception of digital assets.

The Crypto Assets market globally and in the United States is not subject to comparable regulatory guardrails as exist in regulated securities markets. Furthermore, many Crypto Assets trading venues lack certain safeguards put in place by exchanges for more traditional assets to enhance the stability of trading on the exchanges and prevent “flash crashes,” such as limit-down circuit breakers. As a result, the prices of Crypto Assets on trading venues may be subject to larger and/or more frequent sudden declines than assets traded on more traditional exchanges. Tools to detect and deter fraudulent or manipulative trading activities such as market manipulation, front-running of trades, and wash-trading may not be available to or employed by digital asset trading platforms, or may not exist at all.

Crypto Assets Trading Platforms May Be Exposed To Fraud And Manipulation

The SEC has identified possible sources of fraud and manipulation in the Crypto Assets market generally, including, among others (1) “wash trading”; (2) persons with a dominant position in Crypto Assets manipulating Crypto Assets pricing; (3) hacking of a Blockchain and trading platforms; (4) malicious control of a Blockchain; (5) trading based on material, non-public information (for example, plans of market participants to significantly increase or decrease their holdings in Crypto Assets, new sources of demand for Crypto Assets) or based on the dissemination of false and misleading information; (6) manipulative activity involving purported “stablecoins,” including Tether (for more information, see “Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to Digital Assets—Prices of Crypto Assets may be affected due to stablecoins (including Tether and US Dollar Coin (“USDC”)), the activities of stablecoin issuers and their regulatory treatment”); and (7) fraud and manipulation at Crypto Assets trading platforms. The effect of potential market manipulation, front-running, wash-trading, and other fraudulent or manipulative trading practices may inflate the volumes actually present in crypto market and/or cause distortions in price, which could adversely affect the Trust or cause losses to Shareholders.

Over the past several years, some digital asset trading platforms have been closed due to fraud and manipulative activity, business failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such digital asset trading platforms were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such digital asset trading platforms. While, generally speaking, smaller digital asset trading platforms are less likely to have the infrastructure and capitalization that make larger digital asset trading platforms more stable, larger digital asset trading platforms are more likely to be appealing targets for hackers and malware and their shortcomings or ultimate failures are more likely to have contagion effects on the digital asset ecosystem, and may be more likely to be targets of regulatory enforcement action. For example, the collapse of Mt. Gox, which filed for bankruptcy protection in Japan in late February 2014, demonstrated that even the largest digital asset trading platforms could be subject to abrupt failure with consequences for both users of digital asset exchanges and the digital asset industry as a whole. In particular, in the two weeks that followed the February 7, 2014 halt of bitcoin withdrawals from Mt. Gox, the value of one bitcoin fell on other trading platforms from around $795 on February 6, 2014 to $578 on February 20, 2014. Additionally, in January 2015, Bitstamp announced that approximately 19,000 bitcoin had been stolen from its operational or “hot” wallets. Further, in August 2016, it was reported that almost 120,000 bitcoins worth around $78 million were stolen from Bitfinex. The value of bitcoin and other digital assets immediately decreased over 10% following reports of the theft at Bitfinex. In July 2017, FinCEN assessed a $110 million fine against BTC-E, a now defunct digital asset trading platform, for facilitating crimes such as drug sales and ransomware attacks. In addition, in December 2017, Yapian, the operator of Seoul-based cryptocurrency trading platform Youbit, suspended digital asset trading and filed for bankruptcy following a hack that resulted in a loss of 17% of Yapian’s assets. Following the hack, Youbit users were allowed to withdraw approximately 75% of the digital assets in their platform accounts, with any potential further distributions to be made following Yapian’s pending bankruptcy proceedings. In addition, in January 2018, the Japanese digital asset trading platform, Coincheck, was hacked, resulting in losses of approximately $535 million, and in February 2018, the Italian digital asset trading platform, Bitgrail, was hacked, resulting in approximately $170 million in losses. In May 2019, one of the world’s largest digital asset trading platform, Binance, was hacked, resulting in losses of approximately $40 million. In November 2022, FTX Trading Ltd. (“FTX”), one of the largest digital asset trading platform by volume at the time, halted customer withdrawals amid rumors of the company’s liquidity issues and likely insolvency, which were subsequently corroborated by its CEO. Shortly thereafter, FTX’s CEO resigned and FTX and many of its affiliates filed for bankruptcy in the United States, while other affiliates have entered insolvency, liquidation, or similar proceedings around the globe. The U.S. Department of Justice brought criminal fraud and other charges, and the SEC and CFTC brought civil securities and commodities fraud charges, against certain of FTX’s and its affiliates’ senior executives, including its former CEO. Around the same time, there were reports that approximately $300-600 million of digital assets were removed from FTX and the full facts remain unknown, including whether such removal was the result of a hack, theft, insider activity, or other improper behavior.

The potential consequences of a digital asset trading platform failure or failure to prevent market manipulation could adversely affect the value of the Shares. Manipulative trading or market abuse could create artificial or distorted prices, cause a loss of investor confidence in Crypto Assets, adversely impact pricing trends in Crypto Assets markets broadly, and cause losses from an investment in Shares of the Trust.

In addition, negative perception, a lack of stability and standardized regulation in the digital asset markets and the closure or temporary shutdown of digital asset trading platforms due to fraud, business failure, security breaches or government mandated regulation, and associated losses by customers, may reduce confidence in a Blockchain and result in greater volatility or decreases in the prices of Crypto Assets. Furthermore, the closure or temporary shutdown of a digital asset exchange used in calculating the Index may result in a loss of confidence in the Trust’s ability to determine its NAV on a daily basis. The potential consequences of a digital asset exchange’s failure could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Crypto Assets Trading Platforms May Be Exposed To Front-Running

Crypto Assets trading platforms on which Crypto Assets trades may be susceptible to “front-running,” which refers to the process when someone uses access to confidential information, or technology or market advantage to get prior knowledge of upcoming transactions. Front-running is a frequent activity on centralized as well as decentralized exchanges. By using bots functioning on a millisecond-scale timeframe, bad actors are able to take advantage of the forthcoming price movement and make economic gains at the cost of those who had introduced these transactions. The objective of a front runner is to buy a chunk of tokens at a low price and later sell them at a higher price while simultaneously exiting the position. Front-running can occur via manipulation of transaction validation and mining processes, or the theft or misappropriation of confidential information by insiders. To extent that front-running occurs in Crypto Assets markets, it may result in concerns as to the price integrity of digital asset exchanges and digital assets more generally.

Crypto Assets Trading Platforms May Be Exposed To Wash Trading

Crypto Assets trading platforms on which Crypto Assets trades may be susceptible to wash trading. Wash trading occurs when offsetting trades are entered into for other than bona fide reasons, such as the desire to inflate reported trading volumes. Wash trading may be motivated by non-economic reasons, such as a desire for increased visibility on popular websites that monitor markets for digital assets so as to improve their attractiveness to investors who look for maximum liquidity, or it may be motivated by the ability to attract listing fees from token issuers who seek the most liquid and high-volume exchanges on which to list their coins. Results of wash trading may include unexpected obstacles to trade and erroneous investment decisions based on false information. Even in the United States, there have been allegations of wash trading even on regulated venues. Any actual or perceived false trading in the global digital asset trading market, and any other fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could adversely affect the value of Crypto Assets and/or negatively affect the market perception of Crypto Assets. If they were to affect trading at a trading platform which is used to calculate the Index, they could cause the Trust’s NAV to be calculated incorrectly and cause Shareholders to suffer losses.

To the extent that wash trading either occurs or appears to occur in Crypto Assets trading platforms on which Crypto Assets trades, investors may develop negative perceptions about Crypto Assets and the digital assets industry more broadly, which could adversely impact the price of Crypto Assets and, therefore, the price of Shares. Wash trading also may place more legitimate digital asset trading platforms at a relative competitive disadvantage.

Competition From Central Bank Digital Currencies And Emerging Payments Initiatives Involving Financial Institutions Could Adversely Affect The Value Of Crypto Assets And Other Digital Assets.

Central banks in various countries have introduced digital forms of legal tender (“CBDCs”). Whether or not they incorporate blockchain or similar technology, CBDCs, as legal tender in the issuing jurisdiction, could have an advantage in competing with, or replace, Crypto Assets and other cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange or store of value. Central banks and other governmental entities have also announced cooperative initiatives and consortia with private sector entities, with the goal of leveraging blockchain and other technology to reduce friction in cross-border and interbank payments and settlement, and commercial banks and other financial institutions have also recently announced a number of initiatives of their own to incorporate new technologies, including blockchain and similar technologies, into their payments and settlement activities, which could compete with, or reduce the demand for, Crypto Assets. As a result of any of the foregoing factors, the value of Crypto Assets could decrease, which could adversely affect an investment in the Trust.

Prices Of Crypto Assets May Be Affected Due To Stablecoins (Including Tether And US Dollar Coin (“USDC”)), The Activities Of Stablecoin Issuers And Their Regulatory Treatment.

While the Trust does not invest in and will not hold stablecoins, it may nonetheless be exposed to risks that stablecoins pose for the Crypto Assets market and other digital asset markets. Stablecoins are digital assets designed to have a stable value over time as compared to typically volatile digital assets, and are typically marketed as being pegged to a fiat currency, such as the U.S. dollar, at a certain value. Although the prices of stablecoins are intended to be stable, their market value may fluctuate. This volatility has in the past apparently impacted the price of Crypto Assets. Stablecoins are a relatively new phenomenon, and it is impossible to know all of the risks that they could pose to participants in the Crypto Assets market. In addition, some have argued that some stablecoins, particularly Tether, are improperly issued without sufficient backing in a way that, when the stablecoin is used to pay for Crypto Assets, could cause artificial rather than genuine demand for Crypto Assets, artificially inflating the price of Crypto Assets, and also argue that those associated with certain stablecoins may be involved in laundering money. On February 17, 2021 the New York Attorney General entered into an agreement with Tether’s operators, including Bitfinex, requiring them to cease any further trading activity with New York persons and pay $18.5 million in penalties for false and misleading statements made regarding the assets backing Tether. On October 15, 2021, the CFTC announced a settlement with Tether’s operators, Tether Holdings Limited, Tether Operations Limited, Tether Limited, and Tether International Limited, in which they agreed to pay $42.5 million in fines to settle charges that, among others, Tether’s claims that it maintained sufficient U.S. dollar reserves to back every Tether stablecoin in circulation with the “equivalent amount of corresponding fiat currency” held by Tether were untrue.

Bitfinex also agreed to pay the CFTC a $1.5 million fine to settle charges that Bitfinex offered off-exchange leveraged, margined, or financed transactions involving cryptocurrencies, including Crypto Assets, with U.S. customers who were not eligible contract participants and accepted funds (including in the form of Tether stablecoins) and orders in connection with such illegal off-exchange transactions, triggering an obligation to register with the CFTC, which the CFTC order asserts it violated. The CFTC previously fined Bitfinex in 2016 on similar charges.

USDC is a reserve-backed stablecoin issued by Circle Internet Financial that is commonly used as a method of payment in digital asset markets, including the Crypto Assets market. While USDC is designed to maintain a stable value at 1U.S. dollar at all times, on March 10, 2023, the value of USDC fell below $1.00 for multiple days after Circle Internet Financial disclosed that US$3.3 billion of the USDC reserves were held at Silicon Valley Bank, which had entered Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) receivership earlier that day. Stablecoins are reliant on the U.S. banking system and U.S. treasuries, and the failure of either to function normally could impede the function of stablecoins, and therefore could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Given the foundational role that stablecoins play in global digital asset markets, their fundamental liquidity can have a dramatic impact on the broader digital asset market, including the market for Crypto Assets. Because a large portion of the digital asset market still depends on stablecoins such as Tether and USDC, there is a risk that a disorderly de-pegging or a run on Tether or USDC could lead to dramatic market volatility in digital assets more broadly. Volatility in stablecoins, operational issues with stablecoins (for example, technical issues that prevent settlement), concerns about the sufficiency of any reserves that support stablecoins or potential manipulative activity when unbacked stablecoins are used to pay for other digital assets (including Crypto Assets), or regulatory concerns about stablecoin issuers or intermediaries, such as exchanges, that support stablecoins, or the removal or migration of prominent stablecoins away from a Blockchain, could impact individuals’ willingness to trade on trading venues that rely on stablecoins, reduce liquidity in the Crypto Assets market, and affect the value of Crypto Assets, and in turn impact an investment in the Shares.

Failure Of Funds That Hold Digital Assets To Receive SEC Approval To List Their Shares On Exchanges Could Adversely Affect The Value Of The Shares.

There have been a growing a number of attempts to list on national securities exchanges the shares of funds that hold digital assets. These investment vehicles attempt to provide institutional and retail investors exposure to markets for digital assets and related products. The exchange listing of shares of digital asset funds would create more opportunities for institutional and retail investors to invest in the digital asset market. However, the SEC has repeatedly denied such requests. If exchange-listing requests continue to be denied by the SEC, increased investment interest by institutional or retail investors could fail to materialize, which could reduce the demand for digital assets generally and therefore adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Risks Associated with Investing in the Trust

Investment-Related Risks.

Investing in Crypto Assets and, consequently, the Trust, is speculative. The price of Crypto Assets is volatile, and market movements of Crypto Assets are difficult to predict. Supply and demand changes rapidly are affected by a variety of factors, including regulation and general economic trends, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates and economic uncertainty. All investments made by the Trust will risk the loss of capital. Therefore, an investment in the Trust involves a high degree of risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. No guarantee or representation is made that the Trust’s investment program will be successful, that the Trust will achieve its investment objectives or that there will be any return of capital invested to investors in the Trust, and investment results may vary.

The NAV may not always correspond to the market price of Crypto Assets.

The NAV of the Trust will change as fluctuations occur in the market price of the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings. Shareholders should be aware that the public trading price per share may be different from the NAV for a number of reasons, including price volatility and the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for shares are related, but not identical, to the supply and demand forces influencing the market price of Crypto Assets.

An Authorized Participant may be able to create or redeem a Basket at a discount or a premium to the public trading price per share and the Trust will therefore maintain its intended fractional exposure to a specific amount of Crypto Assets per share.

Different from directly owning Crypto Assets.

The performance of the Trust will not reflect the specific return an investor would realize if the investor actually held or purchased Crypto Assets directly. The differences in performance may be due to factors such as fees, transaction costs, proceeds from staking activities and Index tracking risk. Investors will also forgo certain rights conferred by owning Crypto Assets directly, such as the right to claim air drops. See “A Temporary Or Permanent “Fork” or a “Clone” Of A Blockchain Could Adversely Affect The Value Of The Shares.”

Index tracking risk.

The Trust may not achieve the desired degree of correlation between its performance and that of the Index and thus may not achieve its investment objectives. The difference in performance may be due to factors such as fees, transaction costs, redemptions of, and subscriptions for, Shares, pricing differences, differences in the timing of the addition or removal of constituent exchanges underlying the Index or the cost to the Trust of complying with various new or existing regulatory requirements.

Liquidity risk.

The Trust’s and the Authorized Participants’ ability to buy or sell Crypto Assets may be adversely affected by limited trading volume, lack of a market maker, or legal restrictions. Crypto Assets are novel with limited trading history, and the market for Crypto Assets is significantly smaller and less liquid than the markets for more established crypto assets such as bitcoin and ether, which underlie other currently available exchange-traded products.

The Trust’s investment in Crypto Assets is highly concentrated, and the large size of the positions that the Trust may acquire could further increase the risk of illiquidity. If the Trust needs to liquidate its Crypto Assets holdings, it may incur greater losses than would be expected in more liquid markets such as those for bitcoin or ether. Any market disruption or illiquidity in the Crypto Assets market could therefore have a material adverse effect on the value of the Trust’s shares. It is also possible that a Crypto Assets spot market or governmental authority may suspend or restrict trading in Crypto Assets altogether. Therefore, it may not always be possible to execute a buy or sell order at the desired price or to liquidate an open position due to market conditions on spot markets, regulatory issues affecting Crypto Assets or other issues affecting counterparties. Crypto Assets is a new asset with a very limited trading history. Therefore, the markets for Crypto Assets may be less liquid and more volatile than other markets for more established products.

Redemption Liquidity Risk

Although the Trust will carry out the Staking Program in accordance with the Sponsor’s Liquidity Risk Management Policy, investors should be aware of the potential risk that the Trust may become unable to timely meet excessive redemption requests that exceed the portion of the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings that remain unstaked. Staking involves locking Crypto Assets tokens to support network operations, which may limit the liquidity of those assets for immediate redemption purposes. If redemption requests surpass the available unstaked Crypto Assets, the Trust may face delays in processing these requests, potentially impacting investors' ability to access their funds promptly. This risk is particularly relevant during periods of high market volatility or increased redemption activity, which may exacerbate liquidity constraints. Investors should consider the implications of staking on the liquidity of their investments and the potential for delays in redemption under such circumstances.

The value of the Shares may be influenced by a variety of factors unrelated to the value of Crypto Assets.

The value of the Shares may be influenced by a variety of factors unrelated to the price of Crypto Assets and the Crypto Assets exchanges included in the Index that may have an adverse effect on the price of the Shares. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following factors:

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Unanticipated problems or issues with respect to the mechanics of the Trust’s operations and the trading of the Shares may arise, in particular due to the fact that the mechanisms and procedures governing the creation and offering of the Shares and storage of Crypto Assets have been developed specifically for this product;

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The Trust could experience difficulties in operating and maintaining its technical infrastructure, including in connection with expansions or updates to such infrastructure, which are likely to be complex and could lead to unanticipated delays, unforeseen expenses and security vulnerabilities;

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The Trust could experience unforeseen issues relating to the performance and effectiveness of the security procedures used to protect the Trust’s account with the Custodian, or the security procedures may not protect against all errors, software flaws or other vulnerabilities in the Trust’s technical infrastructure, which could result in theft, loss or damage of its assets; or

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Service providers may decide to terminate their relationships with the Trust due to concerns that the introduction of privacy enhancing features to a Blockchain may increase the potential for Crypto Assets to be used to facilitate crime, exposing such service providers to potential reputational harm.

Any of these factors could affect the value of the Shares, either directly or indirectly through their effect on the Trust’s assets.

Authorized Participants’, or its Authorized Participant Designee’s, buying and selling activity associated with the creation and redemption of Baskets may adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

Authorized Participants may take long or short positions in Crypto Assets for hedging or other purposes and in some cases those positions may be substantial relative to the Crypto Assets market as a whole. Authorized Participants’, or an Authorized Participant Designee’s, purchase of Crypto Assets in connection with Basket creation orders may cause the price of Crypto Assets to increase, which will result in higher prices for the Shares. Increases in the Crypto Assets prices may also occur as a result of Crypto Assets purchases by other market participants who attempt to benefit from an increase in the market price of Crypto Assets when baskets are created. The market price of Crypto Assets may therefore decline immediately after Baskets are created.

Selling activity associated with sales of Crypto Assets by Authorized Participants, or their Authorized Participant Designee, in connection with redemption orders may decrease Crypto Assets prices, which will result in lower prices for the Shares. Decreases in Crypto Assets prices may also occur as a result of selling activity by other market participants.

In addition to the effect that purchases and sales of Crypto Assets by Authorized Participants, or their Authorized Participant Designee, may have on the price of Crypto Assets, sales and purchases of Crypto Assets by similar investment vehicles (if developed) could impact the price of Crypto Assets. If the price of Crypto Assets declines, the trading price of the Shares will generally also decline.

The inability of Authorized Participants and market makers to hedge their Crypto Assets exposure may adversely affect the liquidity of Shares and the value of an investment in the Shares.

Authorized Participants and market makers will generally want to hedge their exposure in connection with Basket purchase and redemption orders. To the extent Authorized Participants and market makers are unable to hedge their exposure due to market conditions (e.g., insufficient Crypto Assets liquidity in the market, inability to locate an appropriate hedge counterparty, extreme volatility in the price of Crypto Assets, wide spreads between prices quoted on different Crypto Assets trading platforms, the closing of Crypto Assets trading platforms due to fraud, failures, security breaches or otherwise etc.), such conditions may make it difficult to purchase or redeem Baskets or cause them to not create or redeem Baskets. In addition, the hedging mechanisms employed by Authorized Participants and market makers to hedge their exposure to Crypto Assets may not function as intended, which may make it more difficult for them to enter into such transactions. Such events could negatively impact the market price of Shares and the spread at which Shares trade on the open market

Arbitrage transactions intended to keep the price of Shares closely linked to the price of Crypto Assets may be problematic if the process for the creation and redemption of Baskets encounters difficulties, which may adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

If the processes of creation and redemption of Shares (which depend on timely transfers of Crypto Assets to and by the Custodian) encounter any unanticipated difficulties due to, for example, the price volatility of Crypto Assets, the insolvency, business failure or interruption, default, failure to perform, security breach, or other problems affecting the Custodian, the closing of Crypto Assets trading platforms due to fraud, failures, security breaches or otherwise, or network outages or congestion, spikes in transaction fees demanded by validators, or other problems or disruptions affecting a Blockchain, then potential market participants, such as the Authorized Participants and their customers, who would otherwise be willing to purchase or redeem Baskets to take advantage of any arbitrage opportunity arising from discrepancies between the price of the Shares and the price of the underlying Crypto Assets may not take the risk that, as a result of those difficulties, they may not be able to realize the profit they expect.

Alternatively, in the case of a network outage or other problems affecting a Blockchain, the processing of transactions on a Blockchain may be disrupted, which in turn may prevent Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties from depositing or withdrawing Crypto Assets from their custody accounts, which in turn could affect the creation or redemption of Baskets. If this is the case, the liquidity of the Shares may decline and the price of the Shares may fluctuate independently of the price of Crypto Assets and may fall or otherwise diverge from NAV. Furthermore, in the event that the market for Crypto Assets should become relatively illiquid and thereby materially restrict opportunities for arbitraging by delivering Crypto Assets in return for Baskets, the price of Shares may diverge from the price of Crypto Assets.

The use of cash creations and redemptions, to the extent used by Authorized Participants, may adversely affect the arbitrage transactions by Authorized Participants intended to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the price of Crypto Assets and, as a result, the price of the Shares may fall or otherwise diverge from NAV.

To the extent Authorized Participants effectuate creations and redemptions for cash, there may be delays in trade execution due to potential operational issues arising from implementing a cash creation and redemption model, which involves more complex operational steps (and therefore execution risk) than in-kind creation and redemption models. Such delays could cause the execution price associated with such trades to materially deviate from the Index price used to determine the NAV. Even though the Authorized Participant is responsible for the dollar cost of such difference in prices, Authorized Participants could default on their obligations to the Trust, or such potential risks and costs could lead Authorized Participants, who would otherwise be willing to purchase or redeem Baskets to take advantage of any arbitrage opportunity arising from discrepancies between the price of the Shares and the price of the underlying Crypto Assets, to elect to not participate in the Trust’s Share creation and redemption processes. This may adversely affect the arbitrage mechanism intended to keep the price of the Shares closely linked to the price of Crypto Assets, and as a result, the price of the Shares may fall or otherwise diverge from NAV. If the arbitrage mechanism is not effective, purchases or sales of Shares on the secondary market could occur at a premium or discount to NAV, which could harm Shareholders by causing them to buy Shares at a price higher than the value of the underlying Crypto Assets held by the Trust or sell Shares at a price lower than the value of the underlying Crypto Assets held by the Trust, causing Shareholders to suffer losses.

The Authorized Participants serve in such capacity for several competing exchange-traded Crypto Assets products, which could adversely affect the Trust’s operations and the secondary market for the Shares.

Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Trust. Some or all of the Trust’s Authorized Participants are expected to serve as authorized participants or market makers for one or more exchange-traded Crypto Assets products that compete with the Trust. This may make it more difficult to engage or retain Authorized Participants for the Trust. Furthermore, because there is no obligation on the part of the Authorized Participants to engage in creation and redemption or market making activities with respect to the Trust’s Shares, decisions by the Authorized Participants to not engage with the Trust or its Shares may result in a decline in the liquidity of the Shares and the price of the Shares may fluctuate independently of the price of Trust’s Crypto Assets (i.e., at a greater premium or discount to the Trust’s NAV).

Security threats and cyber-attacks could result in the halting of Trust operations and a loss of Trust assets or damage to the reputation of the Trust, each of which could result in a reduction in the price of the Shares.

Security breaches, cyber-attacks, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have been a prevalent concern in relation to digital assets. Multiple thefts of Crypto Assets and other digital assets from other holders have occurred in the past. Because of the pseudonymous nature of a Blockchain, thefts can be difficult to trace, which may make Crypto Assets a particularly attractive target for theft. Cyber security failures or breaches of one or more of the Trust’s service providers (including, but not limited to, the Index Provider, the Transfer Agent, the Distributor, the Administrator, or the Custodian) have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs.

The Trust and its service providers’ use of internet, technology and information systems (including mobile devices and cloud-based service offerings) may expose the Trust to potential risks linked to cyber-security breaches of those technological or information systems. The Sponsor believes that the Trust’s Crypto Assets held in the Trust’s account with the Custodian will be an appealing target to hackers or malware distributors seeking to destroy, damage or steal the Trust’s Crypto Assets or private keys and will only become more appealing as the Trust’s assets grow. While the Trust, the Sponsor and the Custodian have implemented procedures to identify and or stop new security threats and expect to adapt to technological changes in the digital asset industry, to the extent such efforts are unsuccessful the Trust’s Crypto Assets may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack.

Additionally, access to the Trust’s Crypto Assets could be restricted by natural events (such as an earthquake or flood) or human actions (such as a terrorist attack). The Sponsor has evaluated the security procedures in place for safeguarding the Trust’s Crypto Assets. Nevertheless, the security procedures cannot guarantee the prevention of any loss due to a security breach, software defect or act of God that may be borne by the Trust.

The security procedures and operational infrastructure may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an employee of the Sponsor, the Custodian, or otherwise, and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to the Trust’s account with the Custodian, the private keys (and therefore Crypto Assets) or other data of the Trust. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees of the Sponsor, the Custodian, or the Trust’s other service providers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to the Trust’s infrastructure. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, or may be designed to remain dormant until a predetermined event and often are not recognized until launched against a target, the Sponsor and the Custodian may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures.

An actual or perceived breach of the Trust’s account with the Custodian could harm the Trust’s operations, result in partial or total loss of the Trust’s assets, damage the Trust’s reputation and negatively affect the market perception of the effectiveness of the Trust, all of which could in turn reduce demand for the Shares, resulting in a reduction in the price of the Shares. The Trust may also cease operations, the occurrence of which could similarly result in a reduction in the price of the Shares.

While the Sponsor and the Trust’s service providers have established business continuity plans and systems that they respectively believe are reasonably designed to prevent cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been, or cannot be, identified. Service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Trust, which could be negatively impacted as a result, see “Liability and Indemnification” and “Material Contracts” below.

If the Trust’s holdings of Crypto Assets are lost, stolen or destroyed under circumstances rendering a party liable to the Trust, the responsible party may not have the financial resources sufficient to satisfy the Trust’s claim. For example, as to a particular event of loss, the only source of recovery for the Trust may be limited to the relevant custodian or, to the extent identifiable, other responsible third parties (for example, a thief or terrorist), any of which may not have the financial resources (including liability insurance coverage) to satisfy a valid claim of the Trust. Similarly, as noted below, the Trust’s Custodian has limited liability to the Trust, which could adversely affect the Trust’s ability to seek recovery from them, even when the Custodian’s actions or failure to act are the cause of the Trust’s loss.

It may not be possible, either because of a lack of available policies or because of prohibitive cost, for the Trust to obtain insurance that would cover losses of the Trust’s Crypto Assets. If an uninsured loss occurs or a loss exceeds policy limits, the Trust could lose all of its assets.

The Trust’s risk management processes and policies may prove to not be adequate to prevent any loss of the Trust’s Crypto Assets.

Custody of digital assets presents inherent and unique risks relating to access loss, theft and means of recourse in such scenarios. The Sponsor is continuing to monitor and evaluate the Trust’s risk management processes and policies and believes that the current risk management processes and procedures are reasonably designed and effective. The Trust does not normally interact with any digital asset trading platforms, and the Trust’s Crypto Assets is held in a cold storage wallet with the Custodian, a duly chartered New York limited liability trust company, pursuant to an express custodial relationship. The Sponsor believes that the security procedures that the Sponsor and the Custodian utilize, such as hardware redundancy, segregation and offline data storage (i.e., the maintenance of data on computers and/or storage media that is not directly connected to or accessible from the internet and/or networked with other computers, also known as “cold storage”) protocols are reasonably designed to safeguard the Trust’s Crypto Assets from theft, loss, destruction or other issues relating to hackers and technological attack. Despite the number of security procedures that the Sponsor and Custodian employ, it is impossible to guarantee the prevention of any loss due to a security breach, software defect, act of God, pandemic or riot that may be borne by the Trust. Notwithstanding the above, the Sponsor and the Custodian are responsible for their own gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith. In the event that the Trust’s risk management processes and policies prove to not be adequate to prevent any loss of the Trust’s Crypto Assets and such loss is not covered by insurance or is otherwise recoverable, the value of the Shares will decrease as a result and investors would experience a decrease in the value of their investment.

The Trust’s Custodian could become insolvent or become subject to a receivership or bankruptcy proceeding, which may result in a loss of or delay in access to Trust assets.

If the Custodian becomes insolvent or subject to a receivership or bankruptcy proceeding, the Trust’s operations may be adversely affected, and there is a risk that the insolvency, receivership or bankruptcy of the Custodian may result in the loss of all or a substantial portion of the Trust’s assets or in a significant delay in the Trust having access to those assets.

The Trust’s assets will be held in one or more accounts maintained for the Trust by the Custodian. [The Custodian is a limited liability trust company organized under the New York Banking Law and is subject to the supervision of New York Department of Financial Services.] The Custodial Services Agreement for Trust assets contains an agreement by the parties to treat the Crypto Assets credited to the Trust as financial assets under Article 8 of the New York Uniform Commercial Code (“Article 8”), in addition to stating that the Custodian will serve as a securities intermediary with respect to such assets. Further, the Custodian has agreed to hold Trust assets for the benefit of the Trust as the entitlement holder, and such assets will not be commingled with the Custodian’s proprietary assets or with the assets of any other customer. While other types of assets held in a similarly-segregated manner have been deemed not to be part of the asset custodian’s bankruptcy estate under various regulatory regimes, bankruptcy courts have not yet fully addressed the appropriate treatment of custodial holdings of digital assets and any such determination may be highly fact-specific.

Given that the contractual protections and legal rights of customers with respect to digital assets held on their behalf by third parties are relatively untested in a bankruptcy or receivership proceeding of an entity such as the Custodian, in the event of an insolvency, receivership or bankruptcy proceeding with respect to the Custodian, there is a risk that the Trust’s assets may be considered the property of the bankruptcy estate of the Custodian, and that customers of the Custodian – including the Trust – may be at risk of being treated as general unsecured creditors of the Custodian and subject to the risk of total loss or markdowns on value of such assets. Moreover, even if the Trust’s assets ultimately are not treated as part of the Custodian’s bankruptcy estate, the automatic stay could apply until the bankruptcy court made such a determination, and the limited precedent and fact-dependent nature of the determination could delay or preclude the return of such assets to the Trust. Further, the bankruptcy court may permit the Custodian to retain possession or custody of its customers’ assets until any claims the estate may have against the customers (including the Trust) are resolved.

An actual or perceived business failure or interruption, default, failure to perform security breach or other problems affecting the Custodian could harm the Trust’s operations, result in partial or total loss of the Trust’s assets, damage the Trust’s reputation and negatively affect the market perception of the effectiveness of the Trust, all of which could in turn reduce demand for the Shares, resulting in a reduction in the price of the Shares.

The Trust may change the custodial arrangements described in this Prospectus at any time without notice to Shareholders.

Loss of a critical banking relationship for, or the failure of a bank used by, the Trust could adversely impact the Trust’s ability to create or redeem Baskets, or could cause losses to the Trust.

The Cash Custodian is necessary to facilitate the creation and redemption of Baskets (in exchange for cash subscriptions by Authorized Participants, or in exchange for redemptions of Shares by Authorized Participants), and other cash movements, including in connection with the purchase of Crypto Assets by the Sponsor to effectuate subscriptions for cash and the selling of Crypto Assets to effect redemptions for cash and, to the extent applicable, other Trust expenses, and in extraordinary circumstances, to effect the liquidation of the Trust’s Crypto Assets. The Trust relies on the Cash Custodian to hold any cash related to the purchase or sale of Crypto Assets. To the extent that the Trust or Sponsor face difficulty establishing or maintaining banking relationships, the loss of the Trust’s banking partners, including the Cash Custodian, or the imposition of operational restrictions by these banking partners and the inability of the Trust to utilize other financial institutions may result in a disruption of creation and redemption activity of the Trust, or cause other operational disruptions or adverse effects for the Trust. In the future, it is possible that the Trust could be unable to establish accounts at new banking partners, or that the banks with which the Trust is able to establish relationships may not be as large or well-capitalized or subject to the same degree of prudential supervision as the existing providers.

The Trust could also suffer losses in the event that a bank in which the Trust holds customer cash, including the Cash Custodian, fails, becomes insolvent, enters receivership, is taken over by regulators, enters financial distress, or otherwise suffers adverse effects to its financial condition or operational status. Recently, some banks have experienced financial distress. If the Cash Custodian were to experience financial distress or its financial condition is otherwise affected, the Cash Custodian’s ability to provide services to the Trust could be affected. Moreover, the future failure of the Cash Custodian or other bank at which the Trust maintains cash could result in losses to the Trust, to the extent the balances are not covered by deposit insurance. As a result, the Trust could suffer losses.

The Trust is subject to risks due to its concentration of investments in a single asset class.

Unlike other funds that may invest in diversified assets, the Trust’s investment strategy is concentrated in a single asset within a single asset class. This concentration maximizes the degree of the Trust’s exposure to a variety of market risks associated with Crypto Assets and digital assets. By concentrating its investment strategy solely in Crypto Assets, any losses suffered as a result of a decrease in the price of Crypto Assets can be expected to reduce the value of an interest in the Trust and will not be offset by other gains if the Trust were to invest in underlying assets that were diversified.

The lack of active trading markets for the Shares may result in losses on Shareholders’ investments at the time of disposition of Shares.

Although Shares of the Trust are expected to be publicly listed and traded on an exchange, there can be no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained. If Shareholders need to sell their Shares at a time when no active market for them exists, the price Shareholders receive for their Shares, assuming that Shareholders are able to sell them, may be lower than the price that Shareholders would receive if an active market did exist and, accordingly, a Shareholder may suffer losses.

Several factors may affect the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives on a consistent basis.

There can be no assurance that the Trust will achieve its investment objectives. Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus and consult with their own advisers before subscribing for Shares. Factors that may affect the Trust’s ability to meet its investment objectives include: (1) Authorized Participants’ ability to purchase and sell Crypto Assets in an efficient manner to effectuate creation and redemption orders; (2) transaction fees associated with a Blockchain; (3) the Crypto Assets market becoming illiquid or disrupted; (4) the need to conform the Trust’s portfolio holdings to comply with investment restrictions or policies or regulatory or tax law requirements; (5) early or unanticipated closings of the markets on which Crypto Assets trades, resulting in the inability of Authorized Participants to execute intended portfolio transactions; and (6) accounting standards.

The amount of Crypto Assets represented by the Shares will decline over time.

Each outstanding Share represents a fractional, undivided interest in the Crypto Assets held by the Trust. The Trust does not generate any income and transfers Crypto Assets to pay for the Sponsor Fee and other liabilities. Therefore, the amount of Crypto Assets represented by each Share will gradually decline over time. Assuming a constant Crypto Assets price, the trading price of the Shares is expected to gradually decline relative to the price of Crypto Assets as the amount of Crypto Assets represented by the Shares gradually declines.

Shareholders should be aware that the gradual decline in the amount of Crypto Assets represented by the Shares will occur regardless of whether the trading price of the Shares rises or falls in response to changes in the price of Crypto Assets.

The development and commercialization of the Trust is subject to competitive pressures.

The Trust and the Sponsor face competition with respect to the creation of competing products. The Sponsor’s competitors may have greater financial, technical and human resources than the Sponsor. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be effective competitors, particularly through collaborative arrangements with large and established companies. In addition, the timing of the Trust in reaching the market and the fee structure of the Trust relative to similar products may have a detrimental effect on the scale and sustainability of the Trust. The Sponsor’s competitors may be able to launch similar products to the Trust before the launch of the Trust due to, for example, the satisfaction of all regulatory requirements required to launch before the Trust is able to do so. Accordingly, the Sponsor’s competitors may commercialize a product involving Crypto Assets more rapidly or effectively than the Sponsor is able to, which could adversely affect the Sponsor’s competitive position, the likelihood that the Trust will achieve initial market acceptance and the Sponsor’s ability to generate meaningful revenues from the Trust (i.e., revenues that would commercially justify the Sponsor continuing to devote time and resources to the operation of the Trust), which in turn could cause the Sponsor to dissolve and terminate the Trust.

In addition, to the extent that the Trust incurs transaction expenses in connection with the creation and redemption process, litigation expenses, indemnification obligations under the Trust’s service provider agreements and other Extraordinary Expenses that are not Sponsor-paid Expenses, such expenses will be borne by the Trust. To the extent that the Trust fails to attract a sufficiently large amount of investors, the effect of such expenses on the value of the Shares may be significantly greater than would be the case if the Trust had attracted more assets.

The Sponsor may need to find and appoint a replacement custodian quickly, which could pose a challenge to the safekeeping of the Trust’s Crypto Assets.

The Sponsor could decide to replace the Custodian as the custodian of the Trust’s Crypto Assets, or the Custodian may cease providing the custodial services necessary for the Trust’s normal operations. For example, the Trust’s custodian may become insolvent and enter bankruptcy or receivership proceedings, or discontinue business operations with little or no warning to the Sponsor or the Trust. Transferring maintenance responsibilities of the Trust’s account with the Custodian to another party will likely be complex and could subject the Trust’s Crypto Assets to the risk of loss during the transfer, which could have a negative impact on the performance of the Shares or result in loss of the Trust’s assets.

The Sponsor may not be able to find a party willing to serve as the custodian under the same terms as the current Custodial Services Agreement. To the extent that Sponsor is not able to find a suitable party willing to serve as the custodian, the Sponsor may be required to terminate the Trust and liquidate the Trust’s Crypto Assets.

Limited recourse.

The Custodian has limited liability for any loss, claim, or damage to the Trust, impairing the ability of the Trust to recover losses relating to its Crypto Assets and any recovery may be limited, except to the extent of a final, non-appealable judicial determination that such loss, claim or damage directly resulted from the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of the Custodian. In addition, the Custodian is generally not be liable for any loss caused, directly or indirectly, by the failure of the Trust to adhere to the Custodian’s policies and procedures that have been disclosed to the Trust, a force majeure event or certain actions determined by the Custodian to be necessary or advisable to inspect and protect the security of the Trust’s assets. Furthermore, the Custodian is generally not liable for a loss caused, directly or indirectly, by any failure or delay to act by any service provider to the Custodian or any system failure (other than a system failure caused by the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of the Custodian or the Custodian’s affiliates), that prevents the Custodian from fulfilling its obligations.

Under the Trust Agreement, the Trustee and the Sponsor will not be liable for any liability or expense incurred absent fraud, gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on the part of the Trustee or the Sponsor or breach by the Sponsor of the Trust Agreement, as the case may be. As a result, the recourse of the Trust or the Shareholder to Trustee or the Sponsor may be limited.

The Index Provider has limited liability relating to the use of the Index, impairing the ability of the Trust to recover losses relating to its use of the Index. The Index Provider does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or performance of the Index or the data included therein and shall have no liability in connection with the Index or index calculation, errors, omissions or interruptions of any index or any data included therein. The Index could be calculated now or in the future in a way that adversely affects an investment in the Trust.

The calculation agent also has limited liability, impairing the ability of the Trust to recover losses relating to the calculation of the Index.

The value of the Shares will be adversely affected if the Trust is required to indemnify the Sponsor, the Trustee, the Transfer Agent or the Custodian.

Each of the Sponsor, the Trustee, the Transfer Agent and the Custodian has a right to be indemnified by the Trust for certain liabilities or expenses that it incurs without gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct on its part. Therefore, the Sponsor, Trustee, Transfer Agent or the Custodian may require that the assets of the Trust be sold in order to cover losses or liability suffered by it. Any sale of that kind would reduce the Crypto Assets holdings of the Trust and the value of the Shares.

Intellectual property rights claims may adversely affect the Trust and the value of the Shares.

The Sponsor is not aware of any intellectual property rights claims that may prevent the Trust from operating and holding Crypto Assets. However, third parties may assert intellectual property rights claims relating to the operation of the Trust and the mechanics instituted for the investment in, holding of and transfer of Crypto Assets. Regardless of the merit of an intellectual property or other legal action, any legal expenses to defend or payments to settle such claims would be Extraordinary Expenses that would be borne by the Trust through the sale or transfer of its Crypto Assets and any threatened action that reduces confidence in long-term viability or the ability of end-users to hold and transfer Crypto Assets may adversely affect the value of the Shares. Additionally, a meritorious intellectual property rights claim could prevent the Trust from operating and force the Sponsor to terminate the Trust and liquidate its Crypto Assets. As a result, an intellectual property rights claim against the Trust could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Unforeseeable risks.

Crypto Assets has gained commercial acceptance only within recent years and, as a result, there is little data on its long-term investment potential. Additionally, due to the rapidly evolving nature of the Crypto Assets market, including advancements in the underlying technology, changes to Crypto Assets may expose investors in the Trust to additional risks which are impossible to predict.

The Sponsor’s policies and procedures may not fully mitigate the risk of conflicts of interest.

The Sponsor does not have operating practices that require personnel to pre-clear personal trading activity in which Crypto Assets is the referenced asset. In general, pre-clearance policies prohibit employees and agents from engaging in certain personal trading activity without first obtaining pre-clearance of the transaction from the firm’s chief compliance officer, chief financial officer, or some senior officer with similar responsibilities.

Without implementing pre-clearance requirements, the Sponsor may not be able to fully mitigate the risk of conflicts of interest or avoid the appearance of impropriety in connection with the purchase and sale of Crypto Assets. There is no guarantee that every employee, officer, director, or similar person associated with the Sponsor, or its affiliates will refrain from engaging in insider trading in violation of their duties to the Trust and Sponsor.

This risk is present in traditional financial markets and is not unique to Crypto Assets. If such employees or others affiliated with the Sponsor engage in illegal conduct or conduct which fails to meet applicable regulatory standards, the Sponsor and its affiliates could be the target of civil or criminal fines, penalties, punishments, or other regulatory sanctions or lawsuits or could be the target of an investigation. Any of these outcomes could cause the Trust and Shareholders to suffer harm.

The Sponsor and its affiliates may also participate in transactions related to Crypto Assets, either for their own account (subject to certain internal employee trading operating practices) or for the account of others, such as clients, and such transactions may occur prior to, during, or after the commencement of this offering. Such transactions may not serve to benefit the Shareholders of the Trust and may have a positive or negative effect on the value of the Crypto Assets held by the Trust and, consequently, on the market value of Crypto Assets.

Potential conflicts of interest may arise among the Sponsor or its affiliates and the Trust. The Sponsor and its affiliates have no fiduciary duties to the Trust and its Shareholders other than as provided in the Trust Agreement, which may permit them to favor their own interests to the detriment of the Trust and its Shareholders.

The Sponsor will manage the affairs of the Trust. Conflicts of interest may arise among the Sponsor and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the Trust and its Shareholders, on the other hand. As a result of these conflicts, the Sponsor may favor its own interests and the interests of its affiliates over the Trust and its Shareholders. These potential conflicts include, among others, the following:

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the Sponsor has no fiduciary duties to, and is allowed to take into account the interests of parties other than, the Trust and its Shareholders in resolving conflicts of interest, provided the Sponsor does not act in bad faith;

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the Trust has agreed to indemnify the Sponsor, the Trustee and their respective affiliates pursuant to the Trust Agreement;

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the Sponsor is responsible for allocating its own limited resources among different clients and potential future business ventures, to each of which it may owe fiduciary duties;

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the Sponsor and its staff also service affiliates of the Sponsor, and may also service other digital asset investment vehicles, and their respective clients and cannot devote all of its, or their, respective time or resources to the management of the affairs of the Trust;

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the Sponsor, its affiliates and their officers and employees are not prohibited from engaging in other businesses or activities, including those that might be in direct competition with the Trust;

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affiliates of the Sponsor may start to have substantial direct investments in Crypto Assets, or other digital assets or companies in the digital assets ecosystem that they are permitted to manage taking into account their own interests without regard to the interests of the Trust or its Shareholders, and any increases, decreases or other changes in such investments could affect the Index price and, in turn, the value of the Shares; and

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the Sponsor decides whether to retain separate counsel, accountants or others to perform services for the Trust.

By purchasing the Shares, Shareholders agree and consent to the provisions set forth in the Trust Agreement.

The Trust Agreement may be amended without the Shareholders’ Consent

The Trust Agreement may be amended by the Sponsor in its sole discretion without the consent of Shareholders, including through a supplemental agreement or an amended and restated Trust Agreement. As a result, Shareholders will have no voting or approval rights with respect to amendments that may materially affect their interests.

Exclusive Forum Risk

The Trust Agreement includes exclusive forum provisions that require certain legal actions to be brought in Delaware state or federal courts, and actions arising under the Securities Act of 1933 to be brought in federal court. These provisions may limit a Shareholder’s ability to bring claims in the forum of their choosing and there is uncertainty as to whether courts will enforce these provisions with respect to claims under the federal securities laws.

Risks Associated with the Index

The Index has a limited history.

The Index has a limited history. A longer history of actual performance through various economic and market conditions would provide greater and more reliable information for an investor to assess the Index’s performance.

The Index Provider has substantial discretion at any time to change the methodology used to calculate the Index, including the Constituent Platforms that contribute prices to the Trust’s NAV. The Index Provider does not have any obligation to take into consideration the needs of the Trust, the Shareholders, or anyone else in connection with such changes.

There is no guarantee that the methodology currently used in calculating the Index will appropriately track the price of Crypto Assets in the future. The Index Provider has no obligation to take into consideration the needs of the Trust or the Shareholders in determining, composing, or calculating the Index or in the selection of the Constituent Platforms used. The Constituent Platforms are chosen by the Index Provider.

Although the Index is intended to accurately capture the market price of Crypto Assets, third parties may be able to purchase and sell Crypto Assets on public or private markets not included among the Constituent Platforms, and such transactions may take place at prices materially higher or lower than the Index price. Moreover, there may be variances in the price of Crypto Assets on the various Constituent Platforms, including as a result of differences in fee structures or administrative procedures on different Constituent Platforms. While the Index provides a U.S. dollar-denominated price of Crypto Assets based on integrating spot prices of Crypto Assets on certain Constituent Platforms, at any given time, the prices on each such Constituent Platform may not be equal to the price of Crypto Assets as represented by the Index. It is possible that the price of Crypto Assets on the Constituent Platforms could be materially higher or lower than the Index price. To the extent the Index price differs materially from the actual prices available on a Constituent Platform, or from the global market price of Crypto Assets, the price of the Shares may no longer track, whether temporarily or over time, the global market price of Crypto Assets, which could adversely affect an investment in the Trust by reducing investors’ confidence in the Shares’ ability to track the market price of Crypto Assets. To the extent such prices differ materially from the Index price, investors may lose confidence in the Shares’ ability to track the market price of Crypto Assets, which could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

The pricing sources (Constituent Platforms) used by the Index are digital asset trading venues that facilitate the buying and selling of Crypto Assets and other digital assets. Although many pricing sources refer to themselves as “exchanges,” they are not registered with, or supervised by, the SEC or the CFTC and they do not meet the regulatory standards of a national securities exchange or designated contract market. For these reasons, among others, purchases and sales of Crypto Assets may be subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets and government regulation and intervention. These circumstances could affect the price of Crypto Assets used in Index calculations and, therefore, could adversely affect the Crypto Assets price as reflected by the Index.

The Index is based on various inputs which may include price data from various third-party digital asset trading platforms. The Index Provider does not guarantee the validity of any of these inputs, which may be subject to technological error, manipulative activity, or fraudulent reporting from their initial source.

The Trust utilizes the Index to establish its NAV and NAV per Share. In the event that the Index is incorrectly calculated, is not timely calculated or changes its calculation methodology in the future, such an occurrence may adversely impact an investment in the Shares or the Trust’s operations.

Although the Index is designed to accurately capture the market price of Crypto Assets, third parties may be able to purchase and sell Crypto Assets on public or private markets not included among the Constituent Platforms of the Index, and such transactions may take place at prices materially higher or lower than the level of the Index used to establish the NAV. To the extent such prices differ materially from the level of the Index used to establish the NAV, investors may lose confidence in the Shares’ ability to track the market price of Crypto Assets, which could adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

The Index Provider could experience systems failures or errors.

If the computers or other facilities of the Index Provider, data providers and/or relevant stock exchange malfunction for any reason, calculation and dissemination of the Index may be delayed. Errors in Index data, the Index computations and/or construction may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Trust and the Shareholders. Any of the foregoing may lead to errors in the Index, which may lead to a different investment outcome for the Trust and its Shareholders than would have been the case had such events not occurred. The Index is the reference price for calculating the Trust’s NAV. Consequently, losses or costs associated with the Index’s errors or other risks described above will generally be borne by the Trust and the Shareholders and neither the Sponsor nor its affiliates or agents make any representations or warranties regarding the foregoing.

The Sponsor can discontinue using the Index and use a different pricing or valuation methodology instead.

The Sponsor, in its sole discretion, may cause the Trust to price its portfolio based upon an index, benchmark or standard other than the Index at any time, with prior notice to the Shareholders, if investment conditions change or the Sponsor believes that another index, benchmark or standard better aligns with the Trust’s investment objectives and strategy. The Sponsor may make this decision for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, a determination that the Index price of Crypto Assets differs materially from the global market price of Crypto Assets and/or that third parties are able to purchase and sell Crypto Assets on public or private markets not included among the Constituent Platforms, and such transactions may take place at prices materially higher or lower than the Index price. The Sponsor, however, is under no obligation whatsoever to make such changes in any circumstance. In the event that the Sponsor intends to establish the Trust’s NAV by reference to an index, benchmark or standard other than the Index, it will provide Shareholders with notice in a prospectus supplement and/or through a current report on Form 8-K or in the Trust’s annual or quarterly reports.

The Index price used to calculate the value of the Trust’s Crypto Assets may be volatile, adversely affecting the value of the Shares.

The price of Crypto Assets on public digital asset trading platforms has a limited history, and during this history, Crypto Assets prices on the digital asset markets more generally, and on digital asset trading platforms individually, have been volatile and subject to influence by many factors, including operational interruptions. While the Index is designed to limit exposure to the interruption of individual digital asset trading platforms, the Index price, and the price of Crypto Assets generally, remains subject to volatility experienced by digital asset exchanges, and such volatility could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Furthermore, because the number of liquid and credible digital asset trading platforms is limited, the Index will necessarily be composed of a limited number of digital asset trading platforms. If a digital asset trading platform were subjected to regulatory, volatility or other pricing issues, the Index Provider would have limited ability to remove such digital asset trading platform from the Index, which could skew the price of Crypto Assets as represented by the Index. Trading on a limited number of digital asset trading platforms may result in less favorable prices and decreased liquidity of Crypto Assets and, therefore, could have an adverse effect on the value of the Shares.

The Index price being used to determine the NAV of the Trust may not be consistent with GAAP. To the extent that the Trust’s financial statements are determined using a different pricing source that is consistent with GAAP, the NAV reported in the Trust’s periodic financial statements may differ, in some cases significantly, from the Trust’s NAV determined using the Index pricing.

The Trust will determine the NAV of the Trust on each business day based on the value of Crypto Assets as reflected by the Index. The methodology used to calculate the Index price to value Crypto Assets in determining the NAV of the Trust may not be deemed consistent with GAAP. To the extent the methodology used to calculate the Index is deemed inconsistent with GAAP, the Trust will utilize an alternative GAAP-consistent pricing source for purposes of the Trust’s periodic financial statements. Creation and redemption of Baskets, the Sponsor Fee and other expenses borne by the Trust will be determined using the Trust’s NAV determined daily based on the Index. Such NAV of the Trust determined using the Index price may differ, in some cases significantly, from the NAV reported in the Trust’s periodic financial statements.

Risks Related to Pricing.

The Trust’s portfolio will be priced, including for purposes of determining the NAV, based upon the Index. The price of Crypto Assets in U.S. dollars or in other currencies available from other data sources may not be equal to the prices used to calculate the NAV.

The NAV of the Trust will change as fluctuations occur in the market price of the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings as reflected in the Index. Shareholders should be aware that the public trading price per Share may be different from the NAV for a number of reasons, including price volatility; trading activity; the closing of Crypto Assets trading platforms due to fraud, failure, security breaches or otherwise; and the fact that supply-and-demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for Shares are related, but not identical, to the supply-and-demand forces influencing the market price of Crypto Assets.

Shareholders also should note that the size of the Trust in terms of total Crypto Assets held may change substantially over time and as Baskets are created and redeemed.

In the event that the value of the Trust’s Crypto Assets holdings or Crypto Assets holdings per Share is incorrectly calculated, neither the Sponsor nor the Administrator will be liable for any error and such misreporting of valuation data could adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Regulatory Risk

Digital Asset Markets In The United States Exist In A State Of Regulatory Uncertainty, And Adverse Legislative Or Regulatory Developments Could Significantly Harm The Value Of Crypto Assets Or The Shares, Such As By Banning, Restricting Or Imposing Onerous Conditions Or Prohibitions On The Use Of Crypto Assets, Mining Activity, Digital Wallets, The Provision Of Services Related To Trading And Custodying Crypto Assets, The Operation Of A Blockchain, Or The Digital Asset Markets Generally.

There is a lack of consensus regarding the regulation of digital assets, including Crypto Assets, and their markets. As a result of the growth in the size of the digital asset market, as well as the 2022 Events, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies (including FinCEN, SEC, OCC, CFTC, FINRA, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the IRS, state financial institution regulators, and others) have been examining the operations of digital asset networks, digital asset users and the digital asset markets. Many of these state and federal agencies have brought enforcement actions or issued consumer advisories regarding the risks posed by digital assets to investors.

Ongoing and future regulatory actions with respect to digital assets generally or Crypto Assets in particular may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the nature of an investment in the Shares or the ability of the Trust to continue to operate.

The 2022 Events, including among others the bankruptcy filings of FTX and its subsidiaries, Three Arrows Capital, Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, Genesis, BlockFi and others, and other developments in the digital asset markets, have resulted in calls for heightened scrutiny and regulation of the digital asset industry, with a specific focus on intermediaries such as digital asset exchanges, platforms, and custodians. Federal and state legislatures and regulatory agencies may introduce and enact new laws and regulations to regulate crypto asset intermediaries, such as digital asset exchanges and custodians. The March 2023 collapses of Silicon Valley Bank, Silvergate Bank, and Signature Bank, which in some cases provided services to the digital assets industry, may amplify and/or accelerate these trends. On January 3, 2023, the federal banking agencies issued a joint statement on crypto-asset risks to banking organizations following events which exposed vulnerabilities in the crypto-asset sector, including the risk of fraud and scams, legal uncertainties, significant volatility, and contagion risk. Although banking organizations are not prohibited from crypto-asset related activities, the agencies have expressed significant safety and soundness concerns with business models that are concentrated in crypto-asset related activities or have concentrated exposures to the crypto-asset sector.

US federal and state regulators, as well as the White House, have issued reports and releases concerning crypto assets, including Crypto Assets and crypto asset markets. Further, in 2023 the House of Representatives formed two new subcommittees: the Digital Assets, Financial Technology and Inclusion Subcommittee and the Commodity Markets, Digital Assets, and Rural Development Subcommittee, each of which were formed in part to analyze issues concerning crypto assets and demonstrate a legislative intent to develop and consider the adoption of federal legislation designed to address the perceived need for regulation of and concerns surrounding the crypto industry. However, the extent and content of any forthcoming laws and regulations are not yet ascertainable with certainty, and it may not be ascertainable in the near future. A divided Congress makes any prediction difficult. We cannot predict how these and other related events will affect us or the crypto asset business.

It is not possible to predict whether Congress will grant additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, what the nature of such additional authorities might be, how they might impact the ability of digital asset markets to function or how any new regulations that may flow from such authorities might impact the value of digital assets generally and Crypto Assets held by the Trust specifically. The consequences of increased federal regulation of digital assets and digital asset activities could have a material adverse effect on the Trust and the Shares.

FinCEN requires any administrator or exchanger of convertible digital assets to register with FinCEN as a money transmitter and comply with the anti-money laundering regulations applicable to money transmitters. Entities which fail to comply with such regulations are subject to fines, may be required to cease operations, and could have potential criminal liability. For example, in 2015, FinCEN assessed a $700,000 fine against a sponsor of a digital asset for violating several requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act by acting as an MSB and selling the digital asset without registering with FinCEN, and by failing to implement and maintain an adequate anti-money laundering program. In 2017, FinCEN assessed a $110 million fine against BTC-e, a now defunct digital asset exchange, for similar violations. The requirement that exchangers that do business in the U.S. register with FinCEN and comply with anti-money laundering regulations may increase the cost of buying and selling Crypto Assets and therefore may adversely affect the price of Crypto Assets and an investment in the Shares.

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury Department”) has added digital currency addresses to the list of Specially Designated Nationals whose assets are blocked, and with whom U.S. persons are generally prohibited from dealing. Such actions by OFAC, or by similar organizations in other jurisdictions, may introduce uncertainty in the market as to whether Crypto Assets that has been associated with such addresses in the past can be easily sold. This “tainted” Crypto Assets may trade at a substantial discount to untainted Crypto Assets. Reduced fungibility in the Crypto Assets markets may reduce the liquidity of Crypto Assets and therefore adversely affect their price.

In February 2020, then-U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin stated that digital assets were a “crucial area” on which the U.S. Treasury Department has spent significant time. Secretary Mnuchin announced that the U.S. Treasury Department is preparing significant new regulations governing digital asset activities to address concerns regarding the potential use for facilitating money laundering and other illicit activities. In December 2020, FinCEN, a bureau within the U.S. Treasury Department, proposed a rule that would require financial institutions to submit reports, keep records, and verify the identity of customers for certain transactions to or from so-called “unhosted” wallets, also commonly referred to as self-hosted wallets. In January 2021, U.S. Treasury Secretary nominee Janet Yellen stated her belief that regulators should “look closely at how to encourage the use of digital assets for legitimate activities while curtailing their use for malign and illegal activities.”

Under regulations from the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”), businesses involved in digital asset business activity for third parties in or involving New York, excluding merchants and consumers, must apply for a license, commonly known as a BitLicense, from the NYDFS and must comply with anti-money laundering, cyber security, consumer protection, and financial and reporting requirements, among others. As an alternative to a BitLicense, a firm can apply for a charter to become a limited purpose trust company under New York law qualified to engage in certain digital asset business activities. Other states have considered or approved digital asset business activity statutes or rules, passing, for example, regulations or guidance indicating that certain digital asset business activities constitute money transmission requiring licensure.

The inconsistency in applying money transmitting licensure requirements to certain businesses may make it more difficult for these businesses to provide services, which may affect consumer adoption of Crypto Assets and its price. In an attempt to address these issues, the Uniform Law Commission passed a model law in July 2017, the Uniform Regulation of Virtual Currency Businesses Act, which has many similarities to the BitLicense and features a multistate reciprocity licensure feature, wherein a business licensed in one state could apply for accelerated licensure procedures in other states. It is still unclear, however, how many states, if any, will adopt some or all of the model legislation.

Law enforcement agencies have often relied on the transparency of blockchains to facilitate investigations. However, certain privacy-enhancing features have been, or are expected to be, introduced to a number of digital asset networks. If a Blockchain were to adopt any of these features, these features may provide law enforcement agencies with less visibility into transaction-level data. For example, “privacy pools,” zero knowledge proofs, and other technologies that could enhance privacy have been discussed. Europol, the European Union’s law enforcement agency, released a report in October 2017 noting the increased use of privacy-enhancing digital assets like Zcash and Monero in criminal activity on the internet. In August 2022, OFAC banned all U.S. citizens from using Tornado Cash, a digital asset protocol designed to obfuscate blockchain transactions, by adding certain Solana wallet addresses associated with the protocol to its Specially Designated Nationals list. On October 19, 2023, FinCEN published a proposed rulemaking to apply the authorities in Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act to impose requirements on financial institutions that engage in convertible virtual currency (“CVC”) transactions with CVC mixers. The proposed rule, if adopted, would require covered financial institutions to report to FinCEN any CVC transactions they process that involves CVC mixing within or involving a jurisdiction outside the United States. The term “CVC mixing” covers more than just transactions that involve CVC mixers like Tornado Cash, and seemingly could cover a broader range of conduct involving technologies, services, or methods that have the effect of obfuscating the source, destination, or amount of a CVC transaction, whether or not the obfuscation was intentional. If the rule were to be adopted as proposed and if a Blockchain were to be deemed to or were to adopt features which come within the rule’s ambit, it could cause covered financial institutions – such as many virtual currency exchanges, or the Trust’s service providers, such as the Cash Custodian – to reduce support for or cease offering services for Crypto Assets or to the Trust, which could impair the utility of Crypto Assets, the value of the Shares and the Trust’s ability to operate in compliance with new laws and regulations.

Future and current regulations by a U.S. or foreign government or quasi-governmental agency could have an adverse effect on an investment in the Trust.

The regulation of Crypto Assets and related products and services continues to evolve, may take many different forms and will, therefore, impact a Blockchain and Crypto Assets and their usage in a variety of manners. The inconsistent and sometimes conflicting regulatory landscape may make it more difficult for Crypto Assets businesses to provide services, which may impede the growth of the Crypto Assets economy and have an adverse effect on consumer adoption of Crypto Assets. There is a possibility of future regulatory change altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Shares or the ability of the Trust to continue to operate.

Changes to current regulatory determinations of Crypto Assets’s status under federal or state securities laws, changes to regulations surrounding Crypto Assets futures or related products, or actions by a U.S. or foreign government or quasi-governmental agency exerting regulatory authority over Crypto Assets, Blockchains, Crypto Assets trading, or related activities impacting other parts of the digital asset market, may adversely impact Crypto Assets and therefore may have an adverse effect on the value of an investment in the Trust.

The Trust is not a registered investment company and is not subject to the Commodity Exchange Act.

The Trust is not a registered investment company subject to the Investment Company Act. Consequently, Shareholders of the Trust do not have the regulatory protections provided to Shareholders in registered and regulated investment companies, which, for example, require investment companies to have a certain percentage of disinterested directors and regulate the relationship between the investment company and certain of its affiliates. Further, the Trust will not hold or trade in commodity futures contracts regulated by the Commodity Exchange Act, as administered by the CFTC. The Trust will not engage in “retail commodity transactions”— any Crypto Assets transaction entered into on a leveraged, margined or financed basis (as described above). Such transactions are deemed to be commodity futures under the Commodity Exchange Act and subject to CFTC jurisdiction. Furthermore, the Sponsor believes that the Trust is not a commodity pool for purposes of the Commodity Exchange Act. Consequently, Shareholders will not have the regulatory protections provided to Shareholders in Commodity Exchange Act-regulated instruments or commodity pools.

Trading on digital asset trading platforms outside the United States is not subject to U.S. regulation and may be less reliable than U.S. trading platforms.

To the extent any of the Trust’s trading is conducted on digital asset trading platforms outside the United States, trading on such trading platforms is not regulated by any U.S. governmental agency and may involve certain risks not applicable to trading on U.S. trading platforms. Certain foreign markets may be more susceptible to disruption than U.S. trading platforms. These factors could adversely affect the performance of the Trust.

Future Legal Or Regulatory Developments May Negatively Affect The Value Of Crypto Assets Or Require The Trust Or The Sponsor To Become Registered With The SEC Or CFTC, Which May Cause The Trust To Liquidate.

Current and future legislation, SEC and CFTC rulemaking, and other regulatory developments may impact the manner in which Crypto Assets are treated for classification and clearing purposes. In particular, Crypto Assets itself in the future might be classified by the CFTC as a “commodity interest” under the CEA, subjecting all transactions in Crypto Assets to full CFTC regulatory jurisdiction. Alternatively, in the future Crypto Assets might be classified by a court as a “security” under U.S. federal securities laws. The Sponsor and the Trust cannot be certain as to how future regulatory developments will impact the treatment of Crypto Assets under the law. In the face of such developments, the required registrations and compliance steps may result in extraordinary, nonrecurring expenses to the Trust. If the Sponsor decides to terminate the Trust in response to the changed regulatory circumstances, the Trust may be dissolved or liquidated at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.

The SEC has stated that certain digital assets may be considered “securities” under the federal securities laws. The test for determining whether a particular digital asset is a “security” is complex and the outcome is difficult to predict. If Crypto Assets is in the future determined to be a “security” under federal or state securities laws by the SEC or any other agency, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it would likely have material adverse consequences for the value of Crypto Assets. For example, it may become more difficult or impossible for Crypto Assets to be traded, cleared and custodied in the United States as compared to other digital assets that are not considered to be securities, which could in turn negatively affect the liquidity and general acceptance of Crypto Assets and cause users to migrate to other digital assets.

To the extent that Crypto Assets is determined to be a security, the Trust and the Sponsor may also be subject to additional regulatory requirements, including under the 1940 Act, and the Sponsor may be required to register as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). If the Sponsor determines not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, the Sponsor will terminate the Trust. Any such termination could result in the liquidation of the Trust’s Crypto Assets at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.

To the extent that Crypto Assets is deemed to fall within the definition of a “commodity interest” under the CEA, the Trust and the Sponsor may be subject to additional regulation under the CEA and CFTC regulations. These additional requirements may result in extraordinary, recurring and/or nonrecurring expenses of the Trust, thereby materially and adversely impacting the Shares. If the Sponsor and/or the Trust determines not to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, the Sponsor may terminate the Trust. Any such termination could result in the liquidation of the Trust’s Crypto Assets at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.

The SEC has recently proposed amendments to the custody rules under Rule 406(4)-2 of the Advisers Act. The proposed rule changes would amend the definition of a “qualified custodian” under Rule 206(4)-2(d)(6) and expand the current custody rule in 406(4)-2 to cover all digital assets, including Crypto Assets, and related advisory activities. If enacted as proposed, these rules would likely impose additional regulatory requirements with respect to the custody and storage of digital assets, including Crypto Assets. The Sponsor is studying the impact that such amendments may have on the Trust and its arrangements with the Custodian. It is possible that such amendments, if adopted, could prevent the Custodian from serving as service providers to the Trust, or require potentially significant modifications to existing arrangements under the Custody Agreement, which could cause the Trust to bear potentially significant increased costs. If the Sponsor is unable to make such modifications or appoint successor service providers to fill the role that the Custodian currently plays, the Trust’s operations (including in relation to creations and redemptions of Baskets and the holding of Crypto Assets) could be negatively affected, the Trust could dissolve (including at a time that is potentially disadvantageous to Shareholders), and the value of the Shares or an investment in the Trust could be affected.

Further, the proposed amendments could have a severe negative impact on the price of Crypto Assets and therefore the value of the Shares if enacted, by, among other things, making it more difficult for investors to gain access to Crypto Assets, or causing certain holders of Crypto Assets to sell their holdings.

It may be illegal now, or in the future, to acquire, own, hold, sell or use Crypto Assets in one or more countries, and ownership of, holding or trading in the Shares may also be considered illegal and subject to sanction.

Although currently Crypto Assets is not regulated or is lightly regulated in most countries, including the United States, one or more countries such as China, India or Russia may take regulatory actions in the future that severely restricts the right to acquire, own, hold, sell or use Crypto Assets or to exchange Crypto Assets for fiat currency. Such an action may also result in the restriction of ownership, holding or trading in the Shares. Such a restriction could result in the termination and liquidation of the Trust at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders, or may adversely affect an investment in the Shares.

Tax Risk

The ongoing activities of the Trust may generate tax liabilities for Shareholders.

As described below under “United States Federal Income Tax Consequences—Taxation of U.S. Shareholders,” it is expected that the Trust would be taxed as a C corporation and returns to an owner of Shares would be on an after-tax basis. Each sale or other disposition of Crypto Assets by the Trust (including, under current Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) guidance, the use of Crypto Assets to pay expenses of the Trust) will give rise to gain or loss and will therefore constitute a taxable event for the Trust.

The tax treatment of Crypto Assets and transactions involving Crypto Assets for United States federal income tax purposes may change.

Under current IRS guidance, Crypto Assets are treated as property, not as currency, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and transactions involving payment in Crypto Assets in return for goods and services are treated as barter exchanges. Such exchanges result in capital gain or loss measured by the difference between the price at which Crypto Assets are exchanged and the taxpayer’s basis in the Crypto Assets. However, because Crypto Assets are a new technological innovation, because IRS guidance has taken the form of administrative pronouncements that may be modified without prior notice and comment, and because there is as yet little case law on the subject, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in Crypto Assets or in transactions relating to investments in Crypto Assets may change from that described in this Prospectus, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change in the U.S. federal income tax treatment of Crypto Assets may have a negative effect on prices of Crypto Assets and may adversely affect the value of the Shares. In this regard, the IRS has indicated that it has made it a priority to issue additional guidance related to the taxation of virtual currency transactions, such as transactions involving Crypto Assets. While it has started to issue such additional guidance, whether any future guidance will adversely affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in Crypto Assets or in transactions relating to investments in Crypto Assets is unknown. Moreover, future developments that may arise with respect to digital currencies may increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital currencies for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The tax treatment of Crypto Assets and transactions involving Crypto Assets for state and local tax purposes is not settled.

Because Crypto Assets are a new technological innovation, the tax treatment of Crypto Assets for state and local tax purposes, including, without limitation state and local income and sales and use taxes, is not settled. It is uncertain what guidance, if any, on the treatment of Crypto Assets for state and local tax purposes may be issued in the future. A state or local government authority’s treatment of Crypto Assets may have negative consequences, including the imposition of a greater tax burden on investors in Crypto Assets or the imposition of a greater cost on the acquisition and disposition of Crypto Assets generally. Any such treatment may have a negative effect on prices of Crypto Assets and may adversely affect the value of the Shares.

A Hard “Fork” Of a Blockchain Could Result In the Trust Incurring A Tax Liability.

If a hard fork occurs in a Blockchain, the Trust could temporarily hold both the original Crypto Assets and the alternative new Crypto Assets. The IRS has held that a hard fork resulting in the creation of new units of cryptocurrency is a taxable event giving rise to ordinary income. Moreover, if such an event occurs, the Trust Agreement provides that the Sponsor shall have the discretion to determine whether the original or the alternative asset shall constitute Crypto Assets. The Trust shall treat whichever asset the Sponsor determines is not Crypto Assets as Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency, which it has committed to irrevocably abandon.

The receipt, distribution and/or sale of the alternative Crypto Assets may cause the Trust to incur a United States federal, state, and/or local, or non-U.S., tax liability. Any tax liability could adversely impact an investment in the Shares.

Non-U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax on distributions from the.

Unless reduced by applicable treaties, distributions treated as dividends will be subject to a 30% withholding tax to non-U.S. Shareholders.

Other Risks

The Exchange on which the Shares are listed may halt trading in the Trust’s Shares, which would adversely impact a Shareholder’s ability to sell Shares.

The Trust’s Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange under the market symbol “____.” Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or, in light of the Exchange rules and procedures, for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading is subject to trading halts or pauses caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to “circuit breaker” rules and/or “limit up/limit down” rules that require trading to be halted or paused for a specified period based on a specified market decline. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of the Trust’s Shares will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

The liquidity of the Shares may also be affected by the withdrawal from participation of Authorized Participants, which could adversely affect the market price of the Shares.

In the event that one or more Authorized Participants or market makers that have substantial interests in the Trust’s Shares withdraw or “step away” from participation in the purchase (creation) or sale (redemption) of the Trust’s Shares, the liquidity of the Shares will likely decrease, which could adversely affect the market price of the Shares and result in Shareholders incurring a loss on their investment.

The market infrastructure of the Crypto Assets spot market could result in the absence of active Authorized Participants able to support the trading activity of the Trust.

Crypto Assets are extremely volatile, and concerns exist about the stability, reliability and robustness of many spot markets where Crypto Assets trade. In a highly volatile market, or if one or more spot markets supporting the Crypto Assets market faces an issue, it could be extremely challenging for any Authorized Participants to provide continuous liquidity in the Shares. There can be no guarantee that the Sponsor will be able to find an Authorized Participant to actively and continuously support the Trust.

Shareholders that are not Authorized Participants may only purchase or sell their Shares in secondary trading markets, and the conditions associated with trading in secondary markets may adversely affect Shareholders’ investment in the Shares.

Only Authorized Participants may create or redeem Baskets. All other Shareholders that desire to purchase or sell Shares must do so through the Exchange or in other markets, if any, in which the Shares may be traded. Shares may trade at a premium or discount to the NAV per Share.

The Sponsor relies heavily on key personnel.

The Sponsor relies heavily on key personnel to manage its activities. These key personnel intend to allocate their time managing the Trust in a manner that they deem appropriate. If such key personnel were to leave or be unable to carry out their present responsibilities, it may have an adverse effect on the management of the Sponsor.

Shareholders have no right or power to take part in the management of the Trust. Accordingly, no investor should purchase Shares unless such investor is willing to entrust all aspects of the management of the Trust to the Trustee and the Sponsor.

Additionally, there can be no assurance that all of the personnel who provide services to the Trust will continue to be associated with the Trust for any length of time. The loss of the services of one or more such individuals could have an adverse impact on the Trust’s ability to realize its investment objectives.

The Trust is new, and if it is not profitable, the Trust may terminate and liquidate at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders.

The Trust is new. If the Trust does not attract sufficient assets to remain open, or if the trust experiences excessive withdrawals, then the Trust could be terminated and liquidated at the direction of the Sponsor (or required to do so because it is delisted by the Exchange). Termination and liquidation of the Trust could occur at a time that is disadvantageous to Shareholders. When the Trust’s assets are sold as part of the Trust’s liquidation, the resulting proceeds distributed to Shareholders may be less than those that may be realized in a sale outside of a liquidation context.

Shareholders do not have the rights enjoyed by investors in certain other vehicles and may be adversely affected by a lack of statutory rights and by limited voting and distribution rights.

The Shares have limited voting and distribution rights. For example, Shareholders do not have the right to elect directors, the Trust may enact splits or reverse splits without Shareholder approval, and the Trust is not required to pay regular distributions, although the Trust may pay distributions at the discretion of the Sponsor.

Shareholders may be adversely affected by creation or redemption orders that are subject to postponement, suspension or rejection under certain circumstances.

The Trust may, in its discretion, suspend the right of creation or redemption or may postpone the redemption or purchase settlement date, for (1) any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which the fulfillment of a purchase order or the redemption distribution is not reasonably practicable, or (2) such other period as the Sponsor determines to be necessary for the protection of the Shareholders of the Trust. When determining whether such an emergency exists, the Sponsor may consider, among other things, the overall impact such emergency has had on price, volume, volatility and liquidity in Crypto Assets markets; the Sponsor’s view on the how long such emergency will persist; and the Sponsor’s view on whether such emergency is likely to ease or worsen. An emergency could include situations where the Trust is unable to transact in Crypto Assets or where the Trust is unable to value its Crypto Assets holdings, such as a circumstance where a digital asset trading platform experiences technical failure, power outage, network error or other circumstance resulting in a market-wide halt to trading, or the Trust is unable to access the Crypto Assets in the Trust’s Crypto Assets custody account at the Custodian due to technical or operating issues at the Trust or the Custodian. Such disruptions may have an effect on overall Crypto Assets liquidity or cause price spreads of Crypto Assets to widen, which may have a detrimental effect on the value of the Shares.

In addition, the Trust may reject a redemption order if the order is not in proper form as described in the Authorized Participant Agreement or if the fulfillment of the order might be unlawful. Any such postponement, suspension or rejection could adversely affect a redeeming Authorized Participant. Suspension of creation privileges may adversely impact how the Shares are traded and arbitraged on the secondary market, which could cause them to trade at levels materially different (premiums and discounts) from the fair value of their underlying holdings.

Shareholders may be adversely affected by an overstatement or understatement of the NAV calculation of the Trust due to the valuation methodology employed on the date of the NAV calculation.

If the Index is not available or the Sponsor determines, in its sole discretion, that the Index should not be used, the Trust’s Crypto Assets investments may be valued using techniques other than reliance on the price established by the Index. The value established by using the Index may be different from what would be produced through the use of another methodology. Crypto Assets valued using techniques other than those employed by the Index, including Crypto Assets investments that are “fair valued,” may differ from the value established by the Index.

The Trust Agreement includes provisions that limit Shareholders’ voting rights and restrict Shareholders’ right to bring a derivative action.

Under the Trust Agreement, Shareholders generally have no voting rights and the Trust will not have regular Shareholder meetings. Shareholders take no part in the management or control of the Trust. Accordingly, Shareholders do not have the right to authorize actions, appoint service providers or take other actions as may be taken by shareholders of other trusts or companies where shares carry such rights. The Sponsor may take actions in the operation of the Trust that may be adverse to the interests of Shareholders and may adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Moreover, pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement, Shareholders’ statutory right under Delaware law to bring a derivative action (i.e., to initiate a lawsuit in the name of the Trust in order to assert a claim belonging to the Trust against a fiduciary of the Trust or against a third-party when the Trust’s management has refused to do so) is restricted. Under Delaware law, a shareholder may bring a derivative action if the shareholder is a shareholder at the time the action is brought and either (i) was a shareholder at the time of the transaction at issue or (ii) acquired the status of shareholder by operation of law or the Trust’s governing instrument from a person who was a shareholder at the time of the transaction at issue. Additionally, Section 3816(e) of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act specifically provides that a “beneficial owner’s right to bring a derivative action may be subject to such additional standards and restrictions, if any, as are set forth in the governing instrument of the statutory trust, including, without limitation, the requirement that beneficial owners owning a specified beneficial interest in the statutory trust join in the bringing of the derivative action.” In addition to the requirements of applicable law and in accordance with Section 3816(e), the Trust Agreement provides that no Shareholder will have the right, power or authority to bring or maintain a derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Trust unless two or more Shareholders who (i) are not “Affiliates” (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of one another and (ii) collectively hold at least 10.0% of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing or maintaining of such action, suit or other proceeding. This provision applies to any derivative actions brought in the name of the Trust other than claims under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Due to this additional requirement, a Shareholder attempting to bring or maintain a derivative action in the name of the Trust will be required to locate other Shareholders with which it is not affiliated and that have sufficient Shares to meet the 10.0% threshold based on the number of Shares outstanding on the date the claim is brought and thereafter throughout the duration of the action, suit or proceeding. This may be difficult and may result in increased costs to a Shareholder attempting to seek redress in the name of the Trust in court. Moreover, if Shareholders bringing a derivative action, suit or proceeding pursuant to this provision of the Trust Agreement do not hold 10.0% of the outstanding Shares on the date such an action, suit or proceeding is brought, or such Shareholders are unable to maintain Share ownership meeting the 10.0% threshold throughout the duration of the action, suit or proceeding, such Shareholders’ derivative action may be subject to dismissal. As a result, the Trust Agreement limits the likelihood that a Shareholder will be able to successfully assert a derivative action in the name of the Trust, even if such Shareholder believes that he or she has a valid derivative action, suit or other proceeding to bring on behalf of the Trust.

THE TRUST AND CRYPTO ASSETS PRICES

Overview of the Trust

The Trust’s investment objective is to seek to provide exposure to the value of Crypto Assets held by the Trust, less the expenses of the Trust’s operations. A secondary investment objective is for the Trust to earn additional Crypto Assets through the validation of transactions in a Blockchain’s PoS process. The Sponsor will stake a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more trusted Staking Providers. Under normal circumstances, the Sponsor will seek to stake all of the Trust’s Crypto Assets except for Crypto Assets reserved by the Sponsor in its sole discretion to facilitate foreseeable redemption transactions, pay Trust expenses or otherwise protect the Trust and its assets. In consideration for any staking activity in which the Trust may engage, the Trust would receive a portion of the staking rewards generated by the Staking Provider, which may be treated as income to the Trust. In seeking to achieve its investment objectives, the Trust will hold Crypto Assets and will value its net assets and the Shares daily based on the Index. Crypto Assets will be the only digital asset held by the Trust.

The Sponsor believes that the Trust will provide a cost-efficient way for investors to implement strategic and tactical asset allocation strategies that use Crypto Assets by investing in the Shares rather than purchasing, holding and trading Crypto Assets directly. The latter alternative would require an investor to acquire Crypto Assets by selecting a digital asset trading platform and opening an account or arranging a private transaction, and initiating a fiat transaction to initiate or settle such acquisition. An investor would then also be required to custody such Crypto Assets by selecting a retail or institutional custodial platform or establishing a personal computer or hardware security module-based system capable of transacting directly on the blockchain, and incurring the risk associated with cybersecurity and maintaining a private key that is irrecoverable if lost, among other difficulties.

The Index

Overview and Objective.

The CoinDesk Made-in-America Index is administered by CoinDesk Indices, Inc. The Index seeks to measure the performance of up to twelve eligible digital assets that (i) satisfy specified U.S. presence requirements, (ii) meet applicable exchange generic listing standards for commodity-based trust shares as of the relevant reference date, and (iii) pass liquidity, listing and operational screens intended to support investability, transparency and regulatory alignment. “Memecoins” are excluded. The Index’s investable universe, selection rules, weighting approach and maintenance procedures are designed to improve replicability and reduce unintended exposures, while preserving objective, rules-based construction.

Index Universe and Eligibility.

The Index selects candidates from a defined parent universe that is screened by the Index Provider’s digital asset classifications and market-cap metrics. Within that universe, additional screens apply:

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U.S. presence. Each asset must satisfy at least one of the following: the asset’s foundation, headquarters or operations are U.S.-based; the protocol’s management team is U.S.-based; or, for proof-of-work assets, a trailing one-year analysis shows U.S. operators accounted for greater than 25% of mined blocks. The Index Provider uses public information it believes to be reliable to determine location. For mining share analysis, a trailing one-year observation window is used.

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Regulatory and listing eligibility. Each asset must meet the Exchange’s SEC-approved generic listing standards applicable to commodity-based trust shares as of the Reconstitution Reference Date. As listing standards evolve, the Index Provider may update the methodology to maintain alignment with the Index’s objective and prevailing regulatory requirements.

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Asset-type exclusions. Memecoins are excluded. Assets pegged or tethered to other assets (e.g., stablecoins) are not considered part of the universe for selection by market capitalization where the methodology so provides.

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Market access and listing history. Each asset must be listed as an eligible USD and/or stablecoin trading pair on at least three eligible trading venues that contribute to the Index’s reference rates and must have been listed for at least 90 days prior to and including the Reconstitution Reference Date.

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Liquidity. An asset must exhibit sufficient liquidity on at least three eligible venues. Liquidity is evaluated at the trading pair level, and the asset must have traded on each of the 30 calendar days leading up to and including the Reconstitution Reference Date.

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Jurisdictional access. At least one eligible listing venue for the asset must be accessible to customers in the specified jurisdiction (e.g., the United States).

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Custody. Where indicated by the Index Provider’s policy methodology, the asset must be eligible for institutional custody at one or more required custodians.

Constituent Count, Selection and Buffer.

The Index targets a maximum of 12 constituents at each reconstitution. Constituents are selected by ranking eligible assets by market capitalization (circulating supply multiplied by price) as of the Reconstitution Reference Date. If the target count is reached, a selection buffer is applied to reduce turnover: the methodology first includes the top-ranked “upper” tier, then retains current constituents ranked within the prescribed “buffer” range until the target count is met, and then fills any remaining slots with the next highest-ranked non-constituents. Where too few assets meet the criteria, the Index may temporarily include fewer than twelve constituents.

Weighting and Caps.

At each reconstitution, constituents are weighted by market capitalization subject to a single-asset cap of 20% and a minimum weight floor of 1%. Capping is implemented iteratively by setting any asset above the cap down to 20% and redistributing excess proportionally across uncapped constituents, repeating until all constituents are within constraints. Weighting Adjustment Factors (“WAFs”) are computed on the Weighting Reference Date using circulating supply snapshots to “lock in” the target weights at reconstitution. Between the Weighting Reference Date and the Effective Date, weights will drift with price changes.

Reference Rates and Index Calculation.

The Index disseminates a continuous “spot” value using designated spot reference rates for each constituent and calculates a daily settlement value using an administered settlement reference rate. Spot and settlement reference rates, together with the contributing venues, are specified by the Index Provider and administered pursuant to its policies and controls.

The Index level at time t is calculated as the sum across constituents of price × circulating supply × WAF, divided by the Index Divisor. Settlement values use the settlement reference rate in place of spot. The Index Divisor is adjusted on each Effective Date, and as needed for extraordinary constituent changes, to maintain index continuity when changes are not driven solely by market prices. The divisor adjustment reflects the ratio of the post-event notional to the pre-event notional, both measured at the settlement price at the time of the change.

Reconstitution and Maintenance Calendar.

The Index reconstitutes quarterly, with an Effective Date at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the last business day of January, April, July and October. Each reconstitution follows four dated events:

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Reconstitution Reference Date: the snapshot date for data used in selection, two business days prior to the Announcement Date.

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Announcement Date: the date on which changes to constituents are announced, typically four weeks prior to the Effective Date (or next business day).

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Weighting Reference Date: seven calendar days prior to the Effective Date (or next business day), when target weights and WAFs are set.

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Effective Date: the reconstitution go-live at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

Between scheduled reconstitutions, the Index Provider monitors constituents for anomalies and trading disruptions and will only modify the Index in extraordinary circumstances consistent with its policy methodology. The Index does not add new constituents between reconstitutions. If a constituent is removed between reconstitutions, it is not replaced; its weight is redistributed pro rata among remaining constituents without re-capping, and the count may fall below the target until the next scheduled reconstitution.

Corporate Actions, Network Events and Extraordinary Events.

The Index methodology includes rules for handling events such as hard forks, airdrops, redenominations, ticker or symbol changes, and protocol migrations. Where an event results in the creation of an alternative asset or chain, the Index Provider evaluates network stability, community adoption, liquidity, and data availability to determine whether to treat the event as continuing or as giving rise to a separate asset for purposes of index eligibility. Any inclusion or exclusion of new assets resulting from such events follows the methodology and typically occurs, if at all, at the next scheduled reconstitution, unless otherwise required by extraordinary circumstances.

Dissemination and Data Sources.

Index spot values are calculated and disseminated continuously, 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and are made publicly available on coindesk.com and via subscription APIs. Settlement values and reconstitution data are published according to the Index calendar. The Index Provider relies on designated trading venues that meet its eligibility and data integrity standards and on internal and third-party metadata for industry classification and other attributes used in the universe screen.

Governance and Methodology Changes.

The Index is governed by the Index Provider’s committees and policies, including controls for data quality, calculation oversight and incident management. The methodology may be updated to maintain alignment with the Index’s objective, data availability, regulatory and exchange standards and market structure. Material changes affecting composition mechanics or eligibility are implemented pursuant to the Index Provider’s change management policies and announced consistent with the Index calendar.

Index Disclaimer

COINDESK® and the Index are trade or service marks of CoinDesk Indices, Inc. (with its affiliates, “CDI”) and/or its licensors. CDI or CDI's licensors own all proprietary rights in the Data.

CDI is not the issuer or producer of the Trust and has no responsibilities, obligations, or duties to investors in or holders of the Trust. The Index is licensed for use by Canary Capital Group LLC as the issuer of the Trust. The only relationship that CDI has with Canary Capital Group LLC in respect of the Trust is the licensing of the Index, which is administered and published by CDI, or any successor thereto, without regard to the issuer of the Trust or the owners or holders of the Trust.

Investors or holders acquire the Trust from Canary Capital Group LLC and investors and holders neither acquire any interest in the Index nor enter into any relationship of any kind whatsoever with CDI upon making an investment in or acquisition of the Trust. The Trust is not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by CDI. CDI makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, regarding the advisability of investing in or otherwise acquiring the Trust or the advisability of investing in securities or digital assets generally or the ability of the Index to track corresponding or relative market performance. CDI has not passed on the legality or suitability of the Trust with respect to any person or entity. CDI is not responsible for, nor has participated in, the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Trust to be issued. CDI has no obligation to take the needs of the issuer or the owners or holders of the Trust or any other third party into consideration in administering, composing, calculating, or publishing the Index. CDI has no obligation or liability in connection with administration, marketing, or trading of the Trust.

The licensing agreement between Canary Capital Group LLC and CDI is solely for the benefit of Canary Capital Group LLC and CDI and not for the benefit of the owners or holders of the Trust or any other third parties.

CDI SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY TO THE ISSUER, INVESTORS, HOLDERS OR OTHER THIRD PARTIES FOR THE QUALITY, ACCURACY AND/OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN OR FOR INTERRUPTIONS IN THE DELIVERY OF THE DATA. CDI HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE INDEX OR ANY OTHER DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. CDI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CHANGE THE METHODS OF CALCULATION OR PUBLICATION, OR TO CEASE THE CALCULATION OR PUBLICATION OF THE INDEX AND SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY MISCALCULATION OF OR ANY INCORRECT, DELAYED, OR INTERRUPTED PUBLICATION WITH RESPECT TO THE INDEX. CDI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY LOST PROFITS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH, RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR ANY OTHER DATA INCLUDED THEREIN OR WITH RESPECT TO THE TRUST.

Trust Structure

The Trust is a statutory trust formed under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, and the Trust Agreement constitutes the “governing instrument” of the Trust under the laws of the State of Delaware relating to statutory trusts. The Trust holds Crypto Assets and is expected from time to time to issue Baskets in exchange for deposits of cash or Crypto Assets and to distribute cash or Crypto Assets in connection with redemptions of Baskets. The Trust’s investment objective is to seek to provide exposure to the value of Crypto Assets held by the Trust, less the expenses of the Trust’s operations and other liabilities. A secondary investment objective is for the Trust to earn additional Crypto Assets through the validation of transactions in a Blockchain’s PoS process. The Sponsor will stake a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more trusted Staking Providers. Under normal circumstances, the Sponsor will seek to stake all of the Trust’s Crypto Assets except for Crypto Assets reserved by the Sponsor in its sole discretion to facilitate foreseeable redemption transactions, pay Trust expenses or otherwise protect the Trust and its assets. In consideration for any staking activity in which the Trust may engage, the Trust would receive a portion of the staking rewards generated by the Staking Provider, which may be treated as income to the Trust. In seeking to achieve its investment objectives, the Trust will hold Crypto Assets and establish its NAV by reference to the Index.

The Sponsor believes the Trust’s is a straight-forward solution to seek its investment objectives. Besides cash received in connection with purchase orders of Baskets, the Trust’s sole asset is expected to be Crypto Assets held with the Custodian. The Sponsor believes that the Index is a representative value for the USD-Crypto Assets price of Crypto Assets, based on the methodology administered by the Index Provider.

The Trust processes and pays its only ordinary expense (the Sponsor Fee) in Crypto Assets. The Trust will only sell Crypto Assets (1) in connection with the redemption of Baskets for cash or Crypto Assets, (2) on an as-needed basis to pay Trust expenses not assumed by the Sponsor, (3) in the event the Trust terminates and liquidates its assets, or (4) as otherwise required by law or regulation. This restriction provides protection against potential attempts by bad actors to manipulate the operation of the Trust based on how the Trust calculates its NAV.

Investors may obtain on a 24-hour basis Crypto Assets pricing information based on the spot price for one Crypto Assets from various financial information service providers. Current spot prices are also generally available with bid/ask spreads from digital asset trading platforms, including the Constituent Platforms. Market prices for the Shares are available from a variety of sources including brokerage firms, information websites and other information service providers. The NAV of the Trust is published by the Sponsor at the Trust’s website (www.canary.capital) on each day that the Exchange is open for regular trading and is posted on the Trust’s website.

CALCULATION OF NAV

Under normal circumstances, the Trust’s only asset will be Crypto Assets and, under limited circumstances, cash. The Trust’s Crypto Assets are carried, for financial statement purposes, at fair value, as required by the U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Trust’s NAV will be determined by the Administrator once each Exchange trading day at 4:00 p.m. Eastern time (“ET”), or as soon thereafter as practicable. The NAV for a normal trading day will be released after 4:00 p.m. ET. Trading during the core trading session on the Exchange typically closes at 4:00 p.m. ET. However, NAVs are not officially struck until later in the day (often by 5:30 p.m. and almost always by 8:00 p.m.). The pause between 4:00 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. (or later) provides an opportunity for the Sponsor to algorithmically detect, flag, investigate, and correct unusual pricing should it occur.

Portfolio Crypto Assets traded on more than one digital asset trading platform are valued at the last sale price reflected at 4:00 p.m. ET on the digital asset trading platform representing the principal market for such Portfolio Cryptocurrency on the business day for which such value is being determined. The Sponsor may, but is not required, to engage a third-party pricing service or index provider to provide pricing data with respect to the Portfolio Cryptocurrencies. Portfolio Crypto Assetsfor which market prices are unavailable, or Portfolio Crypto Assetsfor which the Sponsor determines that the bid and/or ask price or a counterparty valuation does not reflect market value, will be valued at fair value, as determined in good faith by the Sponsor, pursuant to the Valuation Policy. Circumstances in which market prices may be unavailable include, but are not limited to, when trading in a Portfolio Cryptocurrency is suspended, the exchange on which the security is traded is subject to an unscheduled close or disruption or material events occur after the close of the exchange on which the security is principally traded. In these circumstances, the Trust determines fair value in a manner that fairly reflects the market value of the security on the valuation date based on consideration of any information or factors it deems appropriate. These may include, but are not limited to, recent transactions in comparable securities, information relating to the specific security and developments in the markets.

The Administrator will calculate the NAV of the Trust by determining total value of the Trust’s portfolio investments, cash and other assets in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies (the “Valuation Policies”), less any liabilities (including accrued expenses). The Trust’s NAV per Share is calculated by dividing the Trust’s NAV by the number of Shares then outstanding. The Sponsor has the exclusive authority to determine the NAV of the Trust. The Sponsor has delegated to the Administrator the responsibility to calculate the NAV of the Trust and the NAV, based on a pricing source selected by the Sponsor (the Index). The Administrator will determine the NAV of the Trust each business day. In determining the NAV of the Trust, the Administrator values the Crypto Assets held by the Trust based on the Index, unless otherwise determined by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. If the Index is not available or the Sponsor in its sole discretion determines that the Index should not be used, the Trust’s holdings may be fair valued in accordance with the policy approved by the Sponsor. The Sponsor does not anticipate that the need to “fair value” Crypto Assets will be a common occurrence.

The Indicative Trust Value (the “ITV”) will be calculated by using the prior day’s closing NAV per Share of the Trust as a base and updating that value throughout the trading day to reflect changes in the most recently reported price level of the Pricing Benchmark. The ITV disseminated during the Exchange core trading session hours should not be viewed as an actual real-time update of the NAV, because NAV per Share is calculated only once at the end of each trading day based upon the relevant end-of-day values of the Trust’s investments. The ITV will be disseminated on a per-Share basis every 15 seconds during regular Exchange core trading session hours of 9:30 a.m. ET to 4:00 p.m. ET. The Exchange will disseminate the ITV value through the facilities of CTA/CQ High Speed Lines that allow for high-speed data transmission. In addition, the ITV will be published on the Exchange’s website and will be available through online information services such as Bloomberg and Reuters.

Dissemination of the ITV provides additional information that is not otherwise available to the public and may be useful to investors and market professionals in connection with the trading of the Shares on the Exchange. Investors and market professionals will be able throughout the trading day to compare the market price of the Trust and the ITV. If the market price of the Shares diverges significantly from the ITV, market professionals will have an incentive to execute arbitrage trades. For example, if the Trust appears to be trading at a discount compared to the ITV, a market professional could buy the Shares on the Exchange and sell short futures contracts. Such arbitrage trades can tighten the tracking between the market price of the Trust and the ITV and thus can be beneficial to all market participants.

The Sponsor reserves the right to adjust the Share price of the Trust in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits. Such splits would decrease (in the case of a split) or increase (in the case of a reverse split) the proportionate NAV per Share, but would have no effect on the net assets of the Trust or the proportionate voting rights of Shareholders or the value of any Shareholder’s investment.

The Trust’s periodic financial statements may not utilize the NAV of the Trust determined by reference to the Index to the extent the methodology used to calculate the Index is deemed not to be consistent with GAAP. The Trust’s periodic financial statements will be prepared in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC Topic 820”) and utilize an exchange-traded price from the Trust’s principal market for Crypto Assets on the Trust’s financial statement measurement date. The Sponsor will determine in its sole discretion the valuation sources and policies used to prepare the Trust’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The Trust intends to engage a third-party vendor to obtain a price from a principal market for Crypto Assets, which will be determined and designated by such third-party vendor daily based on its consideration of several exchange characteristics, including oversight, and the volume and frequency of trades. Under GAAP, such a price is expected to be deemed a Level 1 input in accordance with the ASC Topic 820 because it is expected to be a quoted price in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

To determine which market is the Trust’s principal market (or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market) for purposes of calculating the Trust’s financial statements, the Trust follows ASC 820-10, which outlines the application of fair value accounting. ASC 820-10 determines fair value to be the price that would be received for Crypto Assets in a current sale, which assumes an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820-10 requires the Trust to assume that Crypto Assets are sold in its principal market to market participants or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal or most advantageous market that are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact. The Trust may transact through Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties, in multiple markets, and its application of ASC 820-10 reflects this fact. The Trust anticipates that, while multiple venues and types of markets will be available to the Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties from whom the Sponsor acquires or disposes of the Trust’s Crypto Assets, the principal market in each scenario is determined by looking at the market-based level of volume and Crypto Assets trading activity. Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties may transact in a Brokered Market, a Dealer Market, Principal-to-Principal Markets and Exchange Markets, each as defined in the FASB ASC Master Glossary. Based on information reasonably available to the Trust, Exchange Markets have the greatest volume and level of activity for the asset. The Trust therefore looks to accessible Exchange Markets as opposed to the Brokered Market, Dealer Market and Principal-to-Principal Markets to determine its principal market. As a result of the aforementioned analysis, an Exchange Market has been selected as the Trust’s principal market. The Trust determines its principal market (or in the absence of a principal market the most advantageous market) on a quarterly basis to determine which market is its Principal Market for the purpose of calculating fair value for the creation of quarterly and annual financial statements.

The process that the Sponsor has developed for identifying a principal market, as prescribed in ASC 820-10, which outlines the application of fair value accounting. The process begins by identifying publicly available, well established and reputable Crypto Assets trading venues (Exchange Markets, as defined in the FASB ASC Master Glossary), which are selected by the Sponsor and its affiliates in their sole discretion. Those markets include Binance, Bitfinex, Bitflyer, Bitstamp, Coinbase Pro, Crypto.com, Gemini, HitBTC, Huobi, Kraken, KuCoin, OKEx, Poloniex. The Sponsor then, through a service provider, calculates on each valuation period, the highest volume venue during the 60-minute period prior to 4:00 ET for Crypto Assets. The Sponsor then identifies that market as the principal market for Crypto Assets during that period, and uses the price for Crypto Assets from that venue at 4:00 ET as the principal market price.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST

The Trust

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust, formed on August 13, 2025, pursuant to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. The Trust continuously issues shares representing fractional undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust that may be purchased and sold on the Exchange. The Trust will operate pursuant to Trust Agreement, as amended and/or restated from time to time. CSC Delaware Trust Company, a Delaware trust company, is the Delaware trustee of the Trust. The Trust is managed and controlled by the Sponsor. The Sponsor is a limited liability company formed in the state of Delaware on September 12, 2024.

The number of outstanding Shares is expected to increase and decrease from time to time as a result of the creation and redemption of Baskets. The creation and redemption of Baskets requires the delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of cash or Crypto Assets represented by the NAV of the Baskets being created or redeemed. The total amount of cash or Crypto Assets required for the creation of Baskets will be based on the combined net assets represented by the number of Baskets being created or redeemed. The Sponsor recognizes that the size of the Baskets may impact the effectiveness of the arbitrage mechanism of the Trust’s creation and redemption process, and accordingly may adjust the size of the Baskets to enhance the activities of the Authorized Participants in the secondary market for the Trust’s Shares.

The Trust has no fixed termination date.

The Trust’s Fees and Expenses

The Trust will pay the Sponsor an annual unified fee of ____% of the Trust’s Crypto Assets Holdings (the “Sponsor Fee”). The Trust’s “Crypto Assets Holdings” is the quantity of the Trust’s Crypto Assets plus any cash or other assets held by the Trust represented in Crypto Assets as calculated using the Index price, less its liabilities (which include estimated accrued but unpaid fees and expenses) represented in Crypto Assets as calculated using the Index price. The Sponsor Fee is paid by the Trust to the Sponsor as compensation for services performed under the Trust Agreement. The Administrator will calculate the Sponsor Fee in respect of each day by reference to the prior day’s Crypto Assets Holdings. Except for periods during which all or a portion of the Sponsor Fee is being waived, the Sponsor Fee will accrue daily in Crypto Assets and be payable monthly in Crypto Assets or cash. To the extent there are any on-chain transaction fees incurred in connection with the transfers of Crypto Assets to pay the Sponsor Fee, the Sponsor, and not the Trust, shall bear such fees. The Sponsor may, at its sole discretion and from time to time, waive all or a portion of the Sponsor Fee for stated periods of time. The Sponsor is under no obligation to waive any portion of its fees and any such waiver shall create no obligation to waive any such fees during any period not covered by the waiver.

As partial consideration for its receipt of the Sponsor Fee, the Sponsor is obligated under the Trust Agreement to assume and pay all fees and other expenses incurred by the Trust in the ordinary course of its affairs, excluding taxes, but including: (i) the fees of the Trust’s third-party service providers including, but not limited to, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Custodian, the Cash Custodian, the Transfer Agent, the Index Provider, and the Trustee, (ii) the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or trading of the Shares on the Exchange (including customary legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses), (iii) legal fees and expenses incurred in the ordinary course, (iv) audit fees, (v) regulatory fees, including, if applicable, any fees relating to the registration of the Trust and Shares, including any ongoing filings related to the offering of Shares, under the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act, (vi) printing and mailing costs, (vii) costs of maintaining the Trust’s website and (viii) applicable license fees (each, a “Sponsor-paid Expense” and collectively, the “Sponsor-paid Expenses”), provided that any expense that qualifies as an Extraordinary Expense (as defined below) will not be deemed to be a Sponsor-paid Expense. There is no cap on the amount of Sponsor-paid Expenses. The Sponsor has also assumed all fees and expenses related to the organization and offering of the Trust and the Shares.

To the extent it does not have cash readily available, the Sponsor shall cause the transfer or sale of Crypto Assets in such quantity as may be necessary to permit the payment of Trust expenses and liabilities not assumed by the Sponsor or for payment of redemption proceeds to Authorized Participants. The Trust will not bear any costs associated with the transfer or sale of Crypto Assets to pay the Sponsor Fee. To the extent the Trust incurs any Extraordinary Expenses, the Trust will bear the costs of any transfers or sales of Crypto Assets to pay such expenses. The Trust will seek to transfer Crypto Assets at such times and in the smallest amounts required to permit such payments as they become due. With respect to transfers or sales necessary to pay Trust expenses and liabilities that are denominated other than in Crypto Assets, the amount of Crypto Assets transferred or sold may vary from time to time depending on the actual sales price of Crypto Assets relative to the Trust’s expenses and liabilities (e.g., if the price of Crypto Assets falls, the amount of Crypto Assets needed to be transferred or sold to pay an expense denominated in U.S. dollars will increase). To the extent the Trust must buy or sell Crypto Assets, the Trust may do so through a third-party digital asset broker or dealer. When the Trust buys or sells Crypto Assets, the Sponsor seeks quotes from its Crypto Assets trading counterparties. Such transactions are typically conducted over the counter rather than over a trading platform or similar order matching service. The Sponsor will select third party brokers or dealers that it believes have implemented adequate anti-money laundering, know-your-customer and other legal compliance policies and procedures.

Termination of the Trust

The Sponsor will notify Shareholders at least thirty (30) days before the date for termination of the Trust Agreement and the Trust if any of the following occurs:

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Shares are delisted from the Exchange and are not approved for listing on another national securities exchange within five business days of their delisting;

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180 days have elapsed since the Trustee notified the Sponsor of the Trustee’s election to resign or since the Sponsor removed the Trustee, and a successor trustee has not been appointed and accepted its appointment;

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the SEC determines that the Trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act, and the Sponsor has made the determination that termination of the Trust is advisable;

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the CFTC determines that the Trust is a commodity pool under the Commodity Exchange Act, and the Sponsor has made the determination that termination of the Trust is advisable;

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the Trust is determined to be a “money service business” under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act and is required to comply with certain FinCEN regulations thereunder or is determined to be a “money transmitter” (or equivalent designation) under the laws of any state in which the Trust operates and is required to seek licensing or otherwise comply with state licensing requirements, and the Sponsor has made the determination that termination of the Trust is advisable;

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a United States regulator requires the Trust to shut down or forces the Trust to liquidate its Crypto Assets or seizes, impounds or otherwise restricts access to the Trust Estate (as defined in the Trust Agreement);

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any ongoing event exists that either prevents the Trust from making or makes impractical the Trust’s reasonable efforts to make a fair determination of the price of Crypto Assets for purposes of determining the NAV of the Trust;

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the Sponsor determines that the aggregate net assets of the Trust in relation to the operating expenses of the Trust make it unreasonable or imprudent to continue the business of the Trust;

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60 days have elapsed since DTC or another depository has ceased to act as depository with respect to the Shares, and the Sponsor has not identified another depository that is willing to act in such capacity;

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the Trustee elects to terminate the Trust after the Sponsor is conclusively deemed to have resigned effective immediately as a result of the Sponsor being adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver of the Sponsor or of its property being appointed, or a trustee or liquidator or any public officer taking charge or control of the Sponsor or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation and a successor sponsor has not been appointed; or

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the Sponsor elects to terminate the Trust after the Trustee, Administrator or the Custodian (or any successor trustee, administrator or custodian) resigns or otherwise ceases to be the trustee, administrator or custodian of the Trust, as applicable, and no replacement trustee, administrator and/or custodian acceptable to the Sponsor is engaged.

In addition, the Trust may be dissolved at any time for any reason by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. In respect of termination events that rely on Sponsor determinations to terminate the Trust (e.g., if the SEC determines that the Trust is an investment company under the 1940 Act; the CFTC determines that the Trust is a commodity pool under the CEA; the Trust is determined to be a money transmitter under the regulations promulgated by FinCEN; or, following a resignation by a trustee or custodian, the Sponsor determines that no replacement is acceptable to it), the Sponsor may consider, without limitation, the profitability to the Sponsor and other service providers of the operation of the Trust, any obstacles or costs relating to the operation or regulatory compliance of the Trust relating to the determination’s triggering event, and the ability to market the Trust to investors. To the extent that the Sponsor determines to continue operation of the Trust following a determination’s triggering event, the Trust will be required to alter its operations to comply with the triggering event. In the instance of a determination that the Trust is an investment company, the Trust and Sponsor would have to comply with the regulations and disclosure and reporting requirements applicable to investment companies and investment advisers. In the instance of a determination that the Trust is a commodity pool, the Trust and the Sponsor would have to comply with regulations and disclosure and reporting requirements applicable to commodity pools and commodity pool operators or commodity trading advisers. In the event that the Trust is determined to be a money transmitter, the Trust and the Sponsor will have to comply with applicable federal and state registration and regulatory requirements for money transmitters and/or money service businesses. In each such case and in the case of the Sponsor’s determination as to whether a potential successor trustee or custodian is acceptable to it, the Sponsor will not be liable to anyone for its determination of whether to continue or to terminate the Trust.

Upon termination of the Trust, the affairs of the Trust shall be wound up and all assets owned by the Trust shall be liquidated as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair value thereof. The proceeds of the liquidation of the Trust’s assets will be distributed in cash. The Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, will sell the Trust’s Crypto Assets at market prices and will distribute to the Shareholders any amounts of the cash proceeds of the liquidation remaining after the satisfaction of all outstanding liabilities of the Trust and the establishment of reserves for applicable taxes, other governmental charges and contingent or future liabilities as the Sponsor will determine. Shareholders are not entitled to any of the Trust’s underlying Crypto Assets holdings upon the dissolution of the Trust. Following completion of winding up of its business by the Sponsor, the Trustee, upon written directions of the Sponsor, will cause a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust to be filed in accordance with applicable Delaware law. Upon the termination of the Trust, the Sponsor will be discharged from all obligations under the Trust Agreement except for its certain obligations that survive termination of the Trust Agreement.

Amendments

The Trust Agreement can be amended by the Sponsor in its sole discretion and without the Shareholders’ consent by making an amendment, a Trust Agreement supplemental thereto, or an amended and restated trust agreement. Any such restatement, amendment and/or supplement to the Trust Agreement will be effective on such date as designated by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. However, any amendment to the Trust Agreement that affects the duties, liabilities, rights or protections of the Trustee will require the Trustee’s prior written consent, which it may grant or withhold in its sole discretion. Every Shareholder, at the time any amendment so becomes effective, will be deemed, by continuing to hold any Shares or an interest therein, to consent and agree to such amendment and to be bound by the Trust Agreement as amended thereby. In no event will any amendment impair the right of Authorized Participants to surrender baskets and receive therefor the amount of Trust assets represented thereby (less fees in connection with the surrender of Shares and any applicable taxes or other governmental charges), except in order to comply with mandatory provisions of applicable law. The Trust will notify Shareholders of any amendments to the Trust Agreement in a Prospectus supplement and/or a current report on Form 8-K or in its annual or quarterly reports.

THE TRUST’S SERVICE PROVIDERS

The Sponsor

The Sponsor arranged for the creation of the Trust and is responsible for the ongoing registration of the Shares for their public offering in the United States and the listing of Shares on the Exchange. The Sponsor will not exercise day-to-day oversight over the Trustee, the Custodian, or the Index Provider. The Sponsor, or its agent, will develop a marketing plan for the Trust, will prepare marketing materials regarding the Shares of the Trust, and will exercise the marketing plan of the Trust on an ongoing basis. The Sponsor has agreed to pay all normal operating expenses except for Extraordinary Expenses out of the Sponsor’s unified fee.

The Sponsor is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Canary Capital Group Inc. At present, the primary business activities of Canary Capital Group Inc. and its subsidiaries are the provision of investment advisory, management, shareholder, investment information and assistance and certain fiduciary services for individual and institutional investors, exchange-traded funds, private trusts, hedge funds and digital asset treasury companies and accounts. While the Sponsor’s personnel have significant experience managing exchange-traded vehicles such as the Trust, including exchange-traded vehicles that hold digital assets, the Sponsor is a newly-formed entity with no prior experience managing pooled investment vehicles.

The principal office of the Sponsor is:

Canary Capital Group LLC

8 Cadillac Drive, Suite 300,

Brentwood, TN, 37027

(615) 200-0788

The Sponsor’s leadership team brings over 50 years of combined experience in the exchange-traded fund industry, spanning product design, portfolio strategy, operations, and regulatory compliance. Team members have held senior positions at major financial institutions, where they led the development and management of public funds, including those offering exposure to digital assets. Their expertise in the crypto asset space is further reflected in their founding and operation of digital asset investment firms, several of which have been acquired by leading industry participants. In addition, the Sponsor’s principals bring deep legal and compliance experience across digital assets, securities regulation, and fund governance, offering a well-rounded perspective on the evolving regulatory frameworks shaping both traditional and digital markets.

The Trustee

CSC Delaware Trust Company, a Delaware trust company, acts as the trustee of the Trust for the purpose of creating a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (“DSTA”). The Trustee is appointed to serve as the trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware for the sole purpose of satisfying the requirement of Section 3807(a) of the DSTA that the Trust have at least one trustee with a principal place of business in the State of Delaware.

Duties of the Trustee.

The Trustee is appointed to serve as the trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware for the sole purpose of satisfying the requirement of Section 3807(a) of the DSTA that the Trust have at least one trustee with a principal place of business in the State of Delaware. The duties of the Trustee will be limited to (i) accepting legal process served on the Trust in the State of Delaware and (ii) the execution of any certificates required to be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State which the Delaware Trustee is required to execute under the DSTA.

Resignation, discharge or removal of Trustee; successor Trustees.

The Trustee may resign at any time by giving at least one hundred eighty (180) days’ advance written notice to the Sponsor. The Sponsor may remove the Trustee at any time by giving at least sixty (60) days’ advance written notice to the Trustee. Upon effective resignation or removal, the Trustee will be discharged of its duties and obligations.

If the Trustee resigns or is removed, the Sponsor, acting on behalf of the Shareholders, is required to use reasonable efforts to appoint a successor trustee. Any successor Trustee must satisfy the requirements of Section 3807 of the DSTA. Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee cannot become effective until a written acceptance of appointment is delivered by the successor Trustee to the outgoing Trustee and the Sponsor and any fees and expenses due to the outgoing Trustee are paid or waived by the outgoing Trustee. Following compliance with the preceding sentence, the successor will become fully vested with the rights, powers, duties and obligations of the outgoing Trustee under the Trust Agreement, with like effect as if originally named as Trustee, and the outgoing Trustee shall be discharged of its duties and obligations herein. If no successor Trustee shall have been appointed and shall have accepted such appointment within forty-five (45) days after the giving of such notice of resignation or removal, the Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

If the Trustee resigns and no successor trustee is appointed within one hundred eighty (180) days after the date the Trustee issues its notice of resignation, the Sponsor will terminate and liquidate the Trust and distribute its remaining assets.

Liability of the Trustee.

The Trustee shall not be liable under any circumstances, except for its own fraud, willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence with respect to its express duties under the Trust Agreement. The Trustee will have no obligation to monitor or supervise the obligations of the Sponsor, Transfer Agent, Administrator, Custodian, or any other person.

Trustee’s Fee and Indemnity.

The Trustee will be compensated by the Trust, out of the Sponsors Fee, for the Trustee’s fees. The Trustee will be indemnified by the Trust for any expenses it incurs that arise out of or are imposed upon or asserted at any time against it in connection with the execution or delivery of the Trust Agreement relating to or arising out of the creation, operation or termination of the Trust, or the performance of its obligations pursuant to the Trust Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby, except to the extent that such expenses result from gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith of the Trustee; provided that any such indemnification will be recoverable only from the assets of the Trust.

The Trustee and any of the officers, directors, affiliates, employees and agents of the Trustee shall be indemnified by the Trust and held harmless against any loss, damage, liability (including liability under state or federal securities laws), claim, action, suit, cost, expense, disbursement (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel generally and in connection with its enforcement of its indemnification rights), tax or penalty of any kind and nature whatsoever, to the extent arising out of, imposed upon or asserted at any time against such indemnified person in connection with the execution or delivery of the Trust Agreement, the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement, the creation, operation or termination of the Trust or the transactions contemplated therein; provided, however, that (i) the Trust shall not be required to indemnify any such indemnified person for any such expenses which are a result of the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence related to the express duties of the Trustee and (ii) any such indemnification will be recoverable only from the assets of the Trust; provided however that, to the extent that the Trust has not satisfied such indemnification obligation by the sixtieth (60th) day following written demand therefor, the Sponsor shall indemnify and hold the Trustee harmless from and against any such amounts. As security for any amounts owing to the Trustee under the above-referenced indemnity, the Trustee shall have a lien against the Trust property. The obligations of the Trust to indemnify such indemnified persons under the Trust Agreement shall survive resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination of the Trust Agreement.

The Administrator

Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides necessary administrative, tax and accounting services and financial reporting for the maintenance and operations of the Trust. In addition, the Administrator makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities to provide such services. The Administrator will also facilitate the instruction to transfer Crypto Assets required for the operation of the Trust.

The Custodian

The Custodian is responsible for safekeeping all of the Crypto Assets owned by the Trust. The Custodian was selected by the Sponsor. The Sponsor has responsibility for opening the Crypto Assets Account with the Custodian. In addition, the Custodian facilitates the transfer of Crypto Assets required for the operation of the Trust upon instructions from the Sponsor or the Administrator.

The Staking Provider

The Trust will stake, or cause to be staked, a portion of the Trust’s assets through one or more staking infrastructure providers (each a “Staking Provider”). Under normal circumstances, the Sponsor will seek to stake all of the Trust’s Proof-of-Stake Assets except for Proof-of-Stake Assets reserved by the Sponsor in its sole discretion to facilitate foreseeable redemption transactions, pay Trust expenses or otherwise protect the Trust and its assets, or where the Sponsor believes that the staking of such Proof-of-Stake Assets would result in an immaterial amount of rewards for the Trust (as of the date of this Prospectus, the Sponsor generally considers a staking yield of less than [ ]% to be immaterial). The Custodian will maintain exclusive possession and control of the private keys associated with any staked Crypto Assets at all times. The staking process includes protocol-defined warm-up, activation and withdrawal periods, during which delegated Crypto Assets are temporarily locked and inaccessible. These phases affect when Crypto Assets begins earning rewards, participates in consensus and becomes available for transfer or redelegation. The Trust itself will not engage in staking activities, including the operation of a validator node. Instead, the staking program will be operated through the Trust’s service providers, including the Custodian and Staking Provider.

The Transfer Agent

____ serves as the transfer agent for the Trust. The Transfer Agent: (1) facilitates the issuance and redemption of Shares of the Trust; (2) responds to correspondence by Trust Shareholders and others relating to its duties; (3) maintains Shareholder accounts; and (4) makes periodic reports to the Trust. The Trust’s Transfer Agent will facilitate the settlement of Shares in response to the placement of creation orders and redemption orders from financial firms that are authorized to purchase or redeem Shares with the Authorized Participants.

The Cash Custodian

____ also serves as the cash custodian for the Trust. The Cash Custodian is responsible for safekeeping all cash and other non-Crypto Assets assets of the Trust.

Index Services

The Index Provider is responsible for analyzing Crypto Assets market data relating to the calculation and maintenance of the Index. ________ is the third-party, independent calculation agent for the Index.

The Distributor

The Distributor is responsible for working with the Administrator to review and approve, or reject, purchase and redemption orders of Baskets placed by Authorized Participants and for reviewing and approving the marketing materials prepared by the Sponsor for compliance with applicable SEC and FINRA advertising laws, rules, and regulations.

Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties

The Trust buys and sells Crypto Assets through Crypto Assets trading counterparties selected by the Sponsor. The Trust does not currently intend to engage a prime broker or other liquidity provider providing similar services. As of ________, the Trust has entered into agreements with each of ________, ________ and _______ to serve as a Crypto Assets trading counterparty to the Trust. The agreements with the Crypto Assets trading counterparties provide that once the Sponsor determines based on its execution procedures which counterparty to execute a trade with and the Sponsor has placed a trade with a specific counterparty, that counterparty is contractually obligated to settle that trade. The Crypto Assets trading counterparties will have no obligation to participate in orders for creations and redemptions. Each of these third parties are, and any other trading counterparty the Trust places orders with in the future will be, subject to U.S. federal and/or state licensing requirements or similar laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions and maintain practices and policies designed to comply with AML and KYC regulations or similar laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions.

The Sponsor does not currently have any agreements in place with Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties. However, the Sponsor has implemented a process for the approval and ongoing monitoring of Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties that is consistent with industry standards. This process generally includes a review of the prospective counterparty’s background and reputation, as well as an evaluation of their ability to meet the Sponsor’s requirements. As part of this process, the Sponsor requires all prospective Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties to satisfy anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer (KYC) requirements, which may include the submission of relevant documentation and verification of identity and ownership. The Sponsor also periodically reviews approved counterparties to confirm continued compliance with these standards. Since there are currently no agreements in place with Crypto Assets Trading Counterparties, there are no material terms, including term, termination, or indemnification provisions, to disclose at this time.

CUSTODY OF THE TRUST’S ASSETS

[The Trust’s Custodian will keep custody of the Trust’s Crypto Assets. The Trust’s Crypto Assets will be held in a segregated account opened in the name of the Trust on the Custodian’s books and records. Under the Custodial Services Agreement, the Custodian will maintain the Trust’s Crypto Assets in segregated wallets separate from the assets of other customers of the Custodian.

Key Generation

Private keys are generated by the Custodian in key generation ceremonies at secure locations using offline devices that have never been connected to a network. Private keys are generated according to detailed procedures using specialized offline devices and within these secure facilities to mitigate risk of hacks, errors, or other unintended external exposure. Key ceremony processes are highly controlled, require segregation of duties across multiple parties and are reviewed and witnessed by designated oversight personnel. Thorough validations and signoffs are performed to verify the integrity and security of key generation ceremonies.

Key Storage

The Custodian will hold a majority of Crypto Assets in cold storage and is responsible for managing the allocation of Crypto Assets between cold and hot storage for the segregated wallets. Private keys for both hot and cold storage are stored on secure devices. While cold storage requires keys to be held in an offline manner, hot storage requires private keys to be held online on the Custodian’s intranet, where they are more accessible and can be used for more efficient Crypto Assets transfers. Some portion of Crypto Assets will be held in hot storage for the purpose of satisfying client demands for transfers including in facilitation of redemptions. Within such hot and cold wallets, the Custodian has represented to the Sponsor that it keeps a substantial majority of assets in cold wallets to promote security, while the balance of assets is kept in hot wallets to facilitate timely withdrawals. The Custodian has represented to the Sponsor that the percentage of assets maintained in cold versus hot storage including target percentages may change over time and is determined by ongoing risk analysis and market dynamics, in which the Custodian balances anticipated liquidity needs for its customers as a class against the anticipated greater security of cold storage. The Sponsor has no control over the percentage of Crypto Assets that the Custodian maintains in cold wallets versus hot wallets. Each cold storage wallet has a deposit size limitation of $100 million.

The Custodian has multiple, redundant cold storage sites, which are geographically distributed including sites within the United States. Cold storage locations of the Custodian are monitored by 24x7 on-site security, video surveillance and alarms, hardened room structures, and access to these facilities is controlled by multi-person controls, multi-team access rules, and multi-factor authentication. The locations of the cold storage sites may change at the discretion of the Custodian and are kept confidential by the Custodian for security purposes. Transactions from cold to hot storage require physical access, according to the above controls, to one or more cold storage facilities, as well as systematically enforced approvals and integrity verifications, before the secure device can be used to cryptographically complete the transaction. At no point during this process is the private key removed from the secure device(s) nor the cold storage facility. Once these security processes have been completed, a transfer on a Blockchain can be executed, as signed using the private keys held offline in cold storage.

The Custodian also maintains geographically dispersed backups of private keys, which are cryptographically generated into shards and stored in separate locations; multiple locations must be accessed to reconstruct a single key. The storage facilities are highly secured, and include 24x7 on-premises security presence, video surveillance, and alarms for unexpected entry. Access to facilities is controlled by multi-person controls, multi-team access rules, and multi-factor authentication.

Security Procedures

The Custodian is the custodian of the Trust’s private Crypto Assets in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Custodial Services Agreement. Transfers from the Crypto Assets Account require certain security procedures, including authorization controls to validate client requests and private key security procedures for Blockchain transaction signing as described above. Authorization controls may include usernames, passwords, two-step verification, and telephone call-backs to ensure proper authorization of transaction requests from the Sponsor or its authorized agents.

Transfers of Crypto Assets to the Crypto Assets Account will be available to the Trust once processed on a Blockchain, subject to successful completion of processes required by the Custodian.

Forks and Air Drops

In the event of a fork, the Custodial Services Agreement provides that the Custodian may evaluate the consequences of a fork and determine which chain resulting from the fork it will support as an eligible asset for its customers including the Trust. The Custodian will determine in its sole discretion whether to support and make available to clients assets resulting from forks or air drops. In the event that the Trust may have a right to claim assets resulting from a fork or air drop, the Custodian will seek approval of the Trust before claiming such assets on behalf of the Trust and making an entry of ownership on the Custodian’s books and records for the Trust’s account. The Sponsor will disclaim such assets except as described herein. The Sponsor has not communicated any anticipatory disclaimer to the Custodian regarding forked or air dropped assets and will disclaim or claim them on a case-by-case basis.

Custody of the Trust’s Cash

[Staked Crypto Assets

Addition or Termination of a Custodian

If a Custodian is added or terminated, the Trust will provide Shareholders with notice in a prospectus supplement and/or through a current report on Form 8-K or in the Trust’s annual or quarterly reports.

FORM OF SHARES

Registered Form

Shares are issued in registered form in accordance with the Trust Agreement. The Transfer Agent has been appointed registrar and transfer agent for the purpose of transferring Shares in certificated form. The Transfer Agent keeps a record of all Shareholders and holders of the Shares in certified form in the registry. The Sponsor recognizes transfers of Shares in certificated form only if done in accordance with the Trust Agreement. The beneficial interests in such Shares are held in book-entry form through participants and/or accountholders in DTC.

Book Entry

Individual certificates are not issued for the Shares. Instead, Shares are represented by one or more global certificates, which are deposited by the Administrator with DTC and registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC. The global certificates evidence all of the Shares outstanding at any time. Shareholders are limited to (1) participants in DTC such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies (“DTC Participants”), (2) those who maintain, either directly or indirectly, a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant (“Indirect Participants”), and (3) those who hold interests in the Shares through DTC Participants or Indirect Participants, in each case who satisfy the requirements for transfers of Shares. DTC Participants acting on behalf of Shareholders holding Shares through such participants’ accounts in DTC will follow the delivery practice applicable to securities eligible for DTC’s Same-Day Funds Settlement System. Shares are credited to DTC Participants’ securities accounts following confirmation of receipt of payment.

DTC

DTC has advised us as follows: It is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York and is a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the 1934 Act. DTC holds securities for DTC Participants and facilitates the clearance and settlement of transactions between DTC Participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of DTC Participants.

TRANSFER OF SHARES

The Shares are only transferable through the book-entry system of DTC. Shareholders who are not DTC Participants may transfer their Shares through DTC by instructing the DTC Participant holding their Shares (or by instructing the Indirect Participant or other entity through which their Shares are held) to transfer the Shares. Transfers are made in accordance with standard securities industry practice.

Transfers of interests in Shares with DTC are made in accordance with the usual rules and operating procedures of DTC and the nature of the transfer. DTC has established procedures to facilitate transfers among the participants and/or accountholders of DTC. Because DTC can only act on behalf of DTC Participants, who in turn act on behalf of Indirect Participants, the ability of a person or entity having an interest in a global certificate to pledge such interest to persons or entities that do not participate in DTC, or otherwise take actions in respect of such interest, may be affected by the lack of a certificate or other definitive document representing such interest.

DTC has advised us that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a Shareholder (including, without limitation, the presentation of a global certificate for exchange) only at the direction of one or more DTC Participants in whose account with DTC interests in global certificates are credited and only in respect of such portion of the aggregate principal amount of the global certificate as to which such DTC Participant has or DTC Participants have given such direction.

SEED CAPITAL INVESTOR

[On ____, 202_, ____ (the “Seed Capital Investor”), an affiliate of the Sponsor, purchased one (1) Share at a per-Share price of $___ (the “Seed Share”). Delivery of the Seed Share was made on ____, 202_. Total proceeds to the Trust from the sale of the Seed Share were $___. On ____, 202_, the Seed Share was redeemed for cash and the Seed Capital Investor purchased ____ Shares at a per-Share price of $____ (the “Seed Baskets”). Total proceeds to the Trust from the sale of the Seed Baskets were $____. On ____, 202_, the Trust purchased ____ Crypto Assets with the proceeds of the Seed Baskets. As of the date of the Prospectus, these ____Shares represent all of the outstanding Shares. The Seed Capital Investor will act as a statutory underwriter in connection with the Seed Baskets. See “Plan of Distribution” for additional information. The Seed Capital Investor may offer all of the Shares comprising the Seed Share and the Seed Baskets to the public pursuant to this Prospectus.]

The Seed Capital Investor will not receive from the Trust, the Sponsor or any of their affiliates any fee or other compensation in connection with the sale of the Seed Baskets. The Seed Capital Investor will be acting as a statutory underwriter with respect to the Seed Baskets.

The Seed Capital Investor will not act as an Authorized Participant with respect to the Seed Baskets, and its activities with respect to the Seed Baskets will be distinct from those of an Authorized Participant. Unlike most Authorized Participants, the Seed Capital Investor is not in the business of purchasing and selling securities for its own account or the accounts of others. The Seed Capital Investor will not act as an Authorized Participant to purchase (or redeem) Baskets in the future.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Buying and Selling Shares

Most investors buy and sell Shares of the Trust in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares trade on the Exchange under the ticker symbol “MRCA.” Shares are bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities. When buying or selling Shares through a broker, most investors incur customary brokerage commissions and charges. Shareholders are encouraged to review the terms of their brokerage account for details on applicable charges.

Authorized Participants

The offering of the Trust’s Shares is a best efforts offering. In addition to, and independent of the initial purchase of the Seed Baskets (described above), the Trust continuously offers Baskets consisting of ________ Shares to Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants pay a transaction fee for each order they place to create or redeem one or more Baskets.

The offering of Baskets is being made in compliance with Rule 2310 of the FINRA Rules. Accordingly, Authorized Participants will not make any sales to any account over which they have discretionary authority without the prior written approval of a purchaser of Shares.

The per share price of Shares offered in Baskets on any subsequent day will be the total NAV of the Trust calculated shortly after the close of the Exchange on that day divided by the number of issued and outstanding Shares of the Trust. An Authorized Participant is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of Shares.

By executing an Authorized Participant Agreement, an Authorized Participant becomes part of the group of parties eligible to purchase Baskets from, and put Baskets for redemption to, the Trust. An Authorized Participant is under no obligation to create or redeem baskets or to offer to the public Shares of any Baskets it does create.

Because new Shares can be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during the life of the Trust, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, will be occurring. Authorized Participants, other broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some of their activities may result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that would render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus-delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. For example, the initial Authorized Participant will be a statutory underwriter with respect to the initial purchase of Baskets and the Seed Capital Investor will be a statutory underwriter with respect to the Seed Basket. Any purchaser who purchases Shares with a view towards distribution of such Shares may be deemed to be a statutory underwriter. In addition, an Authorized Participant, other broker-dealer firm or its client will be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases a basket from the Trust, breaks the basket down into the constituent Shares and sells the Shares to its customers; or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for the Shares. In contrast, Authorized Participants may engage in secondary market or other transactions in Shares that would not be deemed “underwriting.” For example, an Authorized Participant may act in the capacity of a broker or dealer with respect to Shares that were previously distributed by other Authorized Participants. A determination of whether a particular market participant is an underwriter must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that would lead to designation as an underwriter and subject them to the prospectus-delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.

Dealers who are neither Authorized Participants nor “underwriters” but are nonetheless participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus-delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act.

While the Authorized Participants may be indemnified by the Sponsor, they will not be entitled to receive a discount or commission from the Trust or The Sponsor for their purchases of Baskets.

As of _______, 2025, _______ have each executed an Authorized Participant Agreement.

Selling Shareholders

The Sponsor or its affiliates, or a fund or unit investment trust for which the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor serves as sponsor or investment advisor, may purchase Shares of the Trust through a broker-dealer or other investors, including in secondary market transactions, and because the Sponsor and its affiliates may be deemed affiliates of the Trust, the Shares are being registered to permit the resale of these Shares by affiliates of the Trust from time to time after any such purchase. The Trust will not receive any of the proceeds from the resale of such Shares.

Selling shareholders (each, a “Selling Shareholder”) may sell Shares owned by them directly or through broker-dealers, in accordance with applicable law, on any national securities exchange on which the Shares may be listed or quoted at the time of sale, through trading systems, in the OTC market or in transactions other than on these exchanges or systems at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected through brokerage transactions, privately negotiated trades, block sales, entry into options or other derivatives transactions or through any other means authorized by applicable law. Selling Shareholders may redeem Shares held in Basket size through an Authorized Participant. See “Conflicts of Interest.”

CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES

The Trust creates and redeems Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Baskets. Baskets are only made in exchange for delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of Crypto Assets or cash represented by the Baskets being created or redeemed (the “Basket Deposit”). The amount of Crypto Assets required in a Basket Deposit (the “Basket Crypto Assets Deposit”) and the amount of cash required in a Basket Deposit (the “Basket Cash Deposit”) are based on the quantity or value of the quantity, as applicable, of Crypto Assets or cash attributable to each Share of the Trust (net of accrued but unpaid Sponsor Fees and any accrued but unpaid Extraordinary Expenses) being created or redeemed determined as of 4:00 p.m. ET on the day the order to create or redeem Baskets is properly received.

Authorized Participants are the only persons that may place orders to create and redeem Baskets. Authorized Participants must be (1) registered broker-dealers or other securities market participants, such as banks and other financial institutions, that are not required to register as broker-dealers to engage in securities transactions described below and (2) DTC Participants. To become an Authorized Participant, a person must enter into an Authorized Participant Agreement with the Distributor.

In connection with a Cash Creation Order (as defined below) or Cash Redemption Order (as defined below), an Authorized Participant is responsible for any operational processing and brokerage costs, transfers fees, network fees and stamp taxes (the “Transaction Fee”). The Transaction Fee may be reduced, increased or otherwise changed by the Sponsor. Authorized Participants who make deposits with the Trust in exchange for Baskets receive no fees, commissions or other form of compensation or inducement of any kind from either the Trust or the Sponsor, and no such person will have any obligation or responsibility to the Sponsor or the Trust to effect any sale or resale of Shares.

Certain Authorized Participants and their agents and affiliates are expected to be capable of participating directly in the spot markets. Some Authorized Participants or their agents and affiliates may from time to time buy or sell Crypto Assets and may profit in these instances. To the extent that the activities of Authorized Participants or their agents and affiliates have a meaningful effect on the Crypto Assets market, it could affect the price of Crypto Assets and impact the ability of the Authorized Participants to effectively arbitrage the difference between the price at which the shares trade and the NAV of the Trust. While the Sponsor currently expects that Authorized Participants’ and their agents’ and affiliates’ direct activities in the Crypto Assets or securities markets in connection with the creation and redemption activities of the Trust will not significantly affect the price of Crypto Assets or the Shares, the impact of the activities of the Trust and its Authorized Participants and their agents and affiliates on Crypto Assets or securities markets is unknown and beyond the control of the Sponsor.

Each Authorized Participant will be required to be registered as a broker-dealer under the 1934 Act and a member in good standing with FINRA, or exempt from being or otherwise not required to be licensed as a broker-dealer or a member of FINRA, and will be qualified to act as a broker or dealer in the states or other jurisdictions where the nature of its business so requires. Certain Authorized Participants may also be regulated under federal and state banking laws and regulations. Each Authorized Participant has its own set of rules and procedures, internal controls and information barriers as it determines is appropriate in light of its own regulatory regime.

The following description of the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets is only a summary and a Shareholder should refer to the form of Authorized Participant Agreement for more detail. A form of Authorized Participant Agreement will be filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this Prospectus is a part.

Creation Procedures

On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer Agent to create one or more Baskets. For purposes of processing creation and redemption orders, a “business day” means any day other than a day when the Exchange is closed for regular trading. Purchase orders must be placed by the close of Regular Trading Hours on the Exchange or an earlier time as determined and communicated by the Sponsor and its agent. A purchase order will be effective on the date it is received in good order by the Transfer Agent (“Purchase Order Date”).

The manner by which creations are made is dictated by the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement. Creation orders may be denominated and settled in an amount of Crypto Assets (“In-Kind Creation Order”) or cash (“Cash Creation Order”). By placing an In-Kind Creation Order, an Authorized Participant agrees to facilitate the deposit of Crypto Assets with the Custodian, either directly or indirectly through an Authorized Participant Designee. By placing a Cash Creation Order, an Authorized Participant agrees to facilitate the deposit of cash with the Cash Custodian. An Authorized Participant may not withdraw a creation order without the prior consent of the Sponsor in its discretion.

Following an In-Kind Creation Order from an Authorized Participant, the Trust’s account at the Custodian must be credited with the required Crypto Assets by 11:00 a.m. ET on the following business day or such other time designated by the Sponsor. The Authorized Participant or its Authorized Participant Designee will normally send the required Crypto Assets in an “on chain” transaction over a Blockchain. Such on chain transactions are subject to the risks associated with Blockchain transactions, including the irreversibility of transactions made in error or unavoidable delays due to Blockchain congestion. Upon receipt of the Basket Crypto Assets Deposit amount in the Trust’s account at the Custodian, the Administrator will notify the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent will then direct DTC to credit the number of Shares created to the Authorized Participant’s DTC account.

Following an Authorized Participant’s Cash Creation Order, the Trust’s account at the Cash Custodian must be credited with the Basket Cash Deposit amount by 11:00 a.m. ET on the following business day or such other time designated by the Sponsor. Upon receipt of the Basket Cash Deposit amount in the Trust’s account at the Cash Custodian, the Transfer Agent will notify the Distributor, the Authorized Participant, and the Sponsor that the Basket Cash Amount has been deposited. The Sponsor, on behalf of the Trust, will instruct a Crypto Assets trading counterparty to purchase the amount of Crypto Assets equivalent in value to the cash deposit amount associated with the creation order, with such purchase transaction prearranged to be executed, in the Sponsor’s reasonable efforts, at the Index price used by the Trust to calculate NAV, taking into account any spread, commissions, or other trading costs on the applicable Purchase Order Date. The resulting Crypto Assets will be deposited in the Trust’s account with the Custodian. Any slippage incurred (including, but not limited to, any trading fees, spreads, or commissions), on a cash equivalent basis, will be the responsibility of the Authorized Participant and not of the Trust or Sponsor. To the extent the execution price of the Crypto Assets acquired by the trading counterparty exceeds the cash deposit amount, such cash difference will be the responsibility of the Authorized Participant and not the Trust or Sponsor. The Transfer Agent will then direct DTC to credit the number of Shares created to the Authorized Participant’s DTC account.

Determination of Required Deposits

The amount of the Basket Deposit changes from day to day. On each day that the Exchange is open for regular trading, the Administrator adjusts the quantity of Crypto Assets or cash constituting the Basket Deposit as appropriate to reflect the value of the Trust’s Crypto Assets or cash less accrued expenses. The computation is made by the Administrator as promptly as practicable after 4:00 p.m. ET or at an earlier time set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement or otherwise provided to all Authorized Participants on the date such order is placed in order for the creation of Baskets to be effected based on the NAV of Shares as next determined on such date after receipt of the order in proper form.

The Basket Crypto Assets Deposit for a given day is determined by dividing the number of Crypto Assets held by the Trust as of the opening of business on that business day, adjusted for the amount of Crypto Assets constituting accrued expenses and other liabilities of the Trust as of the opening of business on that business day, by the number of Shares outstanding at the opening of business and multiplying such amount by the number of Shares constituting a Basket. Fractions of Crypto Assets smaller than .00000001 are disregarded for purposes of the computation of the Basket Crypto Assets Deposit.

The Basket Cash Deposit is an amount of cash that is in the same proportion to the total assets of the Trust, net of accrued expenses and other liabilities, on the Purchase Order Date, as the number of Shares constituting a Basket is in proportion to the total number of Shares outstanding on the Purchase Order Date, plus the amount of any Transaction Fee. For a discussion of how the Trust determines the value of Crypto Assets, see “Calculation of NAV” above. The Basket Cash Deposit so determined is communicated via electronic mail message to all Authorized Participants.

To the extent the price at which the Trust executes a Crypto Assets purchase in connection with a Cash Creation exceeds the amount described in the paragraph above, the Authorized Participant that placed such order will be responsible for any such difference in price. The Sponsor expects that its Crypto Assets trading counterparties will be able to provide pricing based on the Index price at 4:00 p.m. EST, which would minimize or eliminate any such shortfall. However, there can be no guarantee that the price at which the Trust executes Crypto Assets trades will be the Index price at 4:00 p.m. EST, and Authorized Participants bear the risk of any such differences in price.

Delivery of Required Deposits

An Authorized Participant who places a purchase order must follow the procedures outlined in the “Creation Procedures” section of this Prospectus. Upon receipt of the deposit amount by the Custodian or Cash Custodian, as applicable, the Transfer Agent will direct DTC to credit the number of Shares ordered to the Authorized Participant’s DTC account on the following business day or such later time as may be agreed upon by the Authorized Participant and the Sponsor, following the Purchase Order Date. The Sponsor has the authority to set or modify the cut-off time for purchase orders in order for the creation of Baskets to be effected based on the Index price at 4:00 p.m. ET as next determined on such date after receipt of the order in proper form. For example, the Sponsor may modify the cut-off time in the event of an early market close, perceived capacity constraints from the Trust’s Crypto Assets trading counterparties, or highly volatile markets. Cut-off times are communicated periodically to Authorized Participants. In circumstances where purchase orders are due before 4:00 p.m. EST, Authorized Participants will not know the total Basket Deposit at the time they submit a purchase order for the Basket. The Trust’s NAV and the price of a Basket Deposit could rise or fall substantially between the time a purchase order is submitted and the time the amount of the purchase price in respect thereof is determined, and the risk of such price movements will be borne solely by the Authorized Participant.

Rejection of Purchase Orders

The Sponsor or its designee has the absolute right, but does not have any obligation, to reject any purchase order or Basket Deposit for any reason, including if the Sponsor determines that:

•

the purchase order is not in proper form;

•

the Basket Deposit delivered is not as specified by the Trust through the Sponsor and/or Transfer Agent, and the Sponsor has not consented to acceptance of an in-kind deposit that varies from the designated portfolio;

•

the acceptance of the Basket Deposit would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Trust;

•

the acceptance of the Basket Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful;

•

the acceptance of the Basket Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Sponsor, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners of the Trust;

•

the value of Baskets to be created exceeds a purchase authorization limit afforded to the Authorized Participant by the Trust, and the Authorized Participant has not deposited an amount in excess of such purchase authorization with the Custodian prior to the designated cut-off time; or

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there exist circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Transfer Agent, or the Sponsor that make it impossible to process purchase orders for all practical purposes.

The Sponsor may in its sole discretion limit the number of Shares created pursuant to purchase orders on any specified day without notice to the Authorized Participants and may direct the Distributor to reject any purchase orders in excess of such capped amount. The Sponsor may choose to limit the number of Shares created pursuant to purchase orders when it deems so doing to be in the best interest of Shareholders. It may choose to do so when it believes the market is too volatile to execute a Crypto Assets transaction, when it believes the price of Crypto Assets are being inconsistently, irregularly, or discontinuously published from Crypto Assets trading venues and other data sources, or when it believes other similar circumstances may create a scenario in which accepting purchase orders would not be in the best interests of the Shareholders. The Sponsor does not believe that the Trust’s ability to arrive at such a determination will have a significant impact on the Shares in the secondary market because it believes that the ability to create Shares would be reinstated shortly after such determination is made, and any entity desiring to create Shares would be able to do so once the ability to create Shares is reinstated. However, it is possible that such a determination would cause the Shares to trade at premiums or discounts relative to the Trust’s NAV on the secondary market if arbitrageurs believe that there is risk that the creation and redemption process is not available, as this process is a component of keeping the price of the Shares on the secondary market closely aligned to the Trust’s NAV.

Neither the Sponsor, nor the Transfer Agent, nor the Trust will be liable for the rejection of any purchase order or Basket Deposit.

Redemption Procedures

The procedures by which an Authorized Participant can redeem one or more Baskets mirror the procedures for the creation of Baskets with an additional safeguard on Crypto Assets being removed from the Crypto Assets Account at the Custodian. On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer Agent to redeem one or more Baskets. Redemption orders must be placed by the close of Regular Trading Hours on the Exchange or an earlier time as determined and communicated by the Sponsor and its agent. A redemption order will be effective on the date it is received by the Transfer Agent (“Redemption Order Date”).

The manner by which redemptions are made is dictated by the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement. Redemption orders are denominated and settled either in-kind (“In-Kind Redemption Order”) or in cash (“Cash Redemption Order”). By placing a redemption order, an Authorized Participant agrees to facilitate the deposit of Shares with the Transfer Agent. If an Authorized Participant fails to consummate the foregoing, the order will be cancelled or delayed until the required Shares have been received. An Authorized Participant may not withdraw a redemption order without the prior consent of the Sponsor in its discretion.

Because of the time involved in deactivating Crypto Assets from the Trust’s staking program with the Custodian and the Staking Provider, all Redemption Orders will generally be settled on the second business day following a Redemption Order date. Authorized Participants will bear the risk of price movement of Crypto Assets during the period between when the Redemption Order is placed and when the transaction is settled.

In the case of an In-Kind Redemption Order, the redemption distribution from the Trust consists of a movement of Crypto Assets to the Authorized Participant, or its Authorized Participant Designee, representing the amount of Crypto Assets held by the Trust, net of accrued expenses and other liabilities, evidenced by the Shares being redeemed on the Redemption Order Date. In the case of a Cash Redemption Order, the redemption distribution from the Trust consists of a transfer to the Authorized Participant of an amount of cash that is in the same proportion to the total assets of the Trust, net of accrued expenses and other liabilities, on the Redemption Order Date, as the number of Shares to be redeemed under the purchase order is in proportion to the total number of Shares outstanding on the Redemption Order Date. With respect to either an In-Kind Redemption Order or Cash Redemption Order, the redemption distribution due from the Trust will be delivered once the Transfer Agent notifies the Cash Custodian, the Distributor and the Sponsor that the Authorized Participant has delivered the Shares represented by the Baskets to be redeemed to the Transfer Agent’s DTC account. If the Transfer Agent’s DTC account has not been credited with all of the Shares of the Baskets to be redeemed, the redemption distribution will be cancelled or delayed until such time as the Transfer Agent confirms receipt of all such Shares.

By placing a redemption order, an Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the Baskets to be redeemed through DTC’s book-entry system to the Trust by the end of the following business day or such time as may be agreed upon by the Authorized Participant and the Sponsor following the Redemption Order Date. An Authorized Participant may not withdraw a redemption order without the prior consent of the Sponsor in its discretion.

Determination of Redemption Distribution

The redemption distribution from the Trust will consist of a transfer to the redeeming Authorized Participant or its Authorized Participant Designee of an amount of either Crypto Assets (in the case of an In-Kind Redemption Order) or cash (in the case of a Cash Redemption Order) that is determined in the same manner as the determination of Basket Deposits discussed above.

Delivery of Redemption Distribution

The Transfer Agent notifies the Custodian, the Cash Custodian, the Distributor and the Sponsor that the Shares have been received in the Transfer Agent’s DTC account. For an In-Kind Redemption Order, the Sponsor will transfer the redemption Crypto Assets amount from the Custodian to the designated wallet address of the Authorized Participant or its Authorized Participant Designee. For a Cash Redemption Order, the redemption distribution due from the Trust will be sent by the Cash Custodian to the Authorized Participant on the following business day or such later time as may be agreed upon by the Authorized Participant and the Sponsor, following the Redemption Order Date if, by 4:00 p.m. EST, on such business day, the Transfer Agent’s DTC account has been credited with the Baskets to be redeemed. If the Transfer Agent’s DTC account has not been credited with all of the Baskets to be redeemed by such time, the redemption distribution will be cancelled or delayed until such time as the Transfer Agent confirms receipt of all such Shares.

Rejection of Redemption Orders

Redemption orders must be made in whole Baskets. The Distributor acting by itself or through the person authorized to take redemption orders in the manner provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement may, in its sole discretion, reject any redemption order (1) the Sponsor determines not to be in proper form or (2) if requested by the Distributor, the Authorized Participant fails to deliver or execute supporting documentation evidencing ownership or the Authorized Participant’s right to deliver sufficient Shares.

Suspension of Orders

The Sponsor may, in its discretion, suspend redemption or creation transactions during any period when the transfer books of the Transfer Agent are closed or if circumstances outside the control of the Sponsor or its delegate make it for all practicable purposes not feasible to process Redemption Orders or for any other reason at any time or from time to time. For example, the Sponsor may determine that it is necessary to suspend redemptions to allow for the orderly liquidation of the Trust’s assets. If the Sponsor has difficulty liquidating the Trust’s positions, e.g., because of a market disruption event or an unanticipated delay in the liquidation of a position in an over-the-counter contract, it may be appropriate to suspend creations and redemptions until such time as such circumstances are rectified. Neither the Distributor, the person authorized to take redemption orders in the manner provided in the Authorized Participant Agreement, nor the Custodian will be liable to any person or in any way for any loss or damages that may result from any such suspension or postponement. Any such suspension may cause to price of the Shares to deviate more significantly from the Trust’s NAV per Share than would be the case if such suspension had not occurred. The Trust will notify Shareholders of any such suspension in a Prospectus supplement and/or a current report on Form 8-K or in its annual or quarterly reports.

Creation and Redemption Transaction Fees

In connection with a creation order or redemption order, an Authorized Participant is responsible for the Transaction Fee, which consist of the operational processing and brokerage costs, transfers fees, network fees and stamp taxes. The Transaction Fee may be reduced, increased or otherwise changed by the Sponsor.

Tax Responsibility

Authorized Participants are responsible for any transfer tax, sales or use tax, stamp tax, recording tax, value added tax or similar tax or governmental charge applicable to the creation or redemption of baskets, regardless of whether or not such tax or charge is imposed directly on the Authorized Participant, and agree to indemnify the Sponsor and the Trust if they are required by law to pay any such tax, together with any applicable penalties, additions to tax and interest thereon.

Secondary Market Transactions

As noted, the Trust will create and redeem Shares from time to time, but only in one or more Baskets. The creation and redemption of baskets are only made in exchange for delivery to the Trust or the distribution by the Trust of the amount of Crypto Assets or cash equal to the number of Shares included in the Baskets being created or redeemed determined on the day the order to create or redeem Baskets is properly received.

As discussed above, Authorized Participants are the only persons that may place orders to create and redeem Baskets. Authorized Participants must be registered broker-dealers or other securities market participants, such as banks and other financial institutions that are not required to register as broker-dealers to engage in securities transactions. An Authorized Participant is under no obligation to create or redeem Baskets, and an Authorized Participant is under no obligation to offer to the public Shares of any Baskets it does create.

Authorized Participants that do offer to the public Shares from the Baskets they create will do so at per-Share offering prices that are expected to reflect, among other factors, the trading price of the Shares on the Exchange, the NAV of the Trust at the time the Authorized Participant purchased the Baskets, the NAV of the Shares at the time of the offer of the Shares to the public, the supply of and demand for Shares at the time of sale, and the liquidity of Crypto Assets. Baskets are generally redeemed when the price per Share is at a discount to the NAV per Share. Shares initially comprising the same basket but offered by Authorized Participants to the public at different times may have different offering prices. An order for one or more Baskets may be placed by an Authorized Participant on behalf of multiple clients. Authorized Participants who make deposits with the Trust in exchange for Baskets receive no fees, commissions or other forms of compensation or inducement of any kind from either the Trust or the Sponsor and no such person has any obligation or responsibility to the Sponsor or the Trust to effect any sale or resale of Shares.

Shares are expected to trade in the secondary market on the Exchange. Shares may trade in the secondary market at prices that are lower or higher relative to their NAV per Share. The amount of the discount or premium in the trading price relative to the NAV per Share may be influenced by various factors, including the number of Shareholders who seek to purchase or sell Shares in the secondary market and the liquidity of Crypto Assets.

USE OF PROCEEDS

OWNERSHIP OR BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE TRUST

The beneficial interest in the Trust is divided into Shares. Each Share of the Trust represents an equal beneficial interest in the net assets of the Trust, and each holder of Shares is entitled to receive such holder’s pro rata share of distributions of income and capital gains, if any.

All Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. No Share will have any priority or preference over any other Share of the Trust. All distributions, if any, will be made ratably among all Shareholders from the assets of the Trust according to the number of Shares held of record by such Shareholders on the record date for any distribution or on the date of termination of the Trust, as the case may be. Except as otherwise provided by the Sponsor, Shareholders will have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust.

The Sponsor will have full power and authority, in its sole discretion, without seeking the approval of the Trustee or the Shareholders (a) to establish and designate and to change in any manner and to fix such preferences, voting powers, rights, duties and privileges of the Trust as the Sponsor may from time to time determine, (b) to divide the beneficial interest in the Trust into an unlimited amount of shares, with or without par value, as the Sponsor will determine, (c) to issue shares without limitation as to number (including fractional shares), to such persons and for such amount of consideration, subject to any restriction set forth in the By-Laws, if any, at such time or times and on such terms as the Sponsor may deem appropriate, (d) to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the shares in the assets held, and (e) to take such other action with respect to the shares as the Sponsor may deem desirable. The ownership of Shares will be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust. No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares will be issued except as the Sponsor may otherwise determine from time to time. The Sponsor may make such rules as it considers appropriate for the issuance of share certificates, transfer of Shares and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust, or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, will be conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders and as to the number of Shares held from time to time by each.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

There are present and potential future conflicts of interest inherent in the Trust’s structure and operation you should consider before you purchase Shares. The Sponsor will use this notice of conflicts as a defense against any claim or other proceeding made. If the Sponsor is not able to resolve these conflicts of interest adequately, it may impact the Trust’s ability to achieve its investment objectives.

The Sponsor and its affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities and may expand the range of services that they provide over time. The Sponsor and its affiliates will generally not be restricted in the scope of their business or in the performance of any such services (whether now offered or undertaken in the future), even if such activities could give rise to conflicts of interest, and whether or not such conflicts are described herein. In the ordinary course of their business activities, the Sponsor and its affiliates may engage in activities where the interests of the Sponsor and its affiliates or the interests of their clients conflict with the interests of the Trust. Certain employees of the Sponsor also have responsibilities relating to the business of one or more affiliates. These employees are not restricted in the amount of time that may be allocated to the business activities of the Sponsor’s affiliates, and the allocation of such employees’ time between the Sponsor and its affiliates may change over time.

In addition, the Sponsor and its affiliates may also be responsible for managing other accounts in addition to the services that they provide to the Trust, including other accounts of the Sponsor or its affiliates. Other accounts may include, without limitation, private or SEC-registered funds, separately managed accounts, or investments owned by the Sponsor or its affiliates. Management of other accounts in addition to services provided to the Trust can present certain conflicts of interest or the appearance thereof. The other accounts might have similar or different investment objectives or strategies as the Trust, or otherwise hold, purchase or sell investments that are eligible to be held, purchased or sold by the Trust, or may take positions that are opposite in direction from those taken by the Trust.

The Sponsor and its affiliates may from time to time obtain exposure to Crypto Assets through investments in the Trust and may hold a material position in the Trust. The Trust will not receive any of the proceeds from the resale by the Sponsor or its affiliates of these Shares, and the sale of such Shares may impact the price at which Shareholders may be able to sell their Shares. In addition, the Sponsor and its affiliates may have substantial direct investments in Crypto Assets outside of the Trust. The Sponsor and its affiliates are permitted to manage such investments, taking into account their own interests, without regard to the interests of the Trust or its Shareholders. The Sponsor and its affiliates reserve the right, subject to compliance with applicable law, to sell into the market or redeem through an Authorized Participant at any time some or all of the Shares of the Trust acquired for their own accounts. The Sponsor and its affiliates face potential conflicts of interest in determining whether, when and in what amount to sell or redeem Shares of the Trust. The Sponsor and its affiliates are under no obligation to consider the effect of sales or redemptions on the Trust and other Shareholders in deciding whether to sell or redeem their Shares. The Sponsor and its affiliates may invest or trade in digital assets for their own accounts, which activities may conflict or compete with the Trust. Additionally, the Sponsor does not have policies and procedures requiring that personnel pre-clear trading activity in certain digital assets, including Crypto Assets. The Sponsor may not be able to fully mitigate the risk of conflicts of interest in connection with the purchase and sale of digital assets. There is no guarantee that every employee, officer, director, or similar person associated with the Sponsor and its affiliates will refrain from engaging in impermissible activity in violation of their duties to the Trust and Sponsor.

The Sponsor will have the authority to manage the operations of the Trust, and this may create or give the appearance of a conflict with shareholders’ best interests. The Sponsor may select service providers that are affiliates, including the Custodian, the Index Provider, the Distributor, and the Administrator. The Sponsor may have a conflict of interest in selecting an affiliated service provider because doing so increases the overall revenue for its affiliates. You should be aware that there may be less expensive service providers or parties with greater experience or expertise than the affiliates selected by the Sponsor. Because of the Sponsor’s affiliated status, it may be disincentivized from replacing affiliated service providers. In connection with this conflict of interest, Shareholders should understand that affiliated service providers will be compensated for providing services to the Trust. Clients of the affiliated service providers may pay commissions at negotiated rates which are greater or less than the rate paid by the Sponsor. The Sponsor and any affiliated service provider may, from time to time, have conflicting demands in respect of their obligations to the Trust and, in the future, to other clients.

The Sponsor may indemnify its officers, directors and key employees with respect to their activities on behalf of other funds, if the need for indemnification arises. This potential indemnification could cause the Sponsor’s assets to decrease. If the Sponsor’s other sources of income are not sufficient to compensate for the indemnification, it could cease operations, which could in turn result in Trust losses and/or termination of the Trust.

Resolution of Conflicts Procedures

The Trust Agreement will provide that whenever a conflict of interest exists between the Sponsor or any of its affiliates, on the one hand, and the Trust or any Shareholders or any other person, on the other hand, the Sponsor will resolve such conflict of interest considering the relative interest of each party (including its own interest) and the benefits and burdens relating to such interests, any customary or accepted industry practices, and any applicable accepted accounting practices or principles.

Issues Relating to Valuations of Assets

To the extent it is required to do so, the Sponsor will value the Trust’s assets in accordance with the valuation policies of the Sponsor; however, the manner in which the Sponsor exercises its discretion with respect to valuation decisions will impact the valuation of assets of the Trust. To the extent that fees are based on valuations, the exercise of discretion in valuation by the Sponsor will give rise to conflicts of interest including in connection with the calculation of Sponsor Fees. In addition, various divisions and units within the Sponsor and its affiliates are required to value assets, including in connection with managing or advising other accounts for clients, such as registered and unregistered funds and owners of separately managed accounts. These various divisions, units and affiliated entities may, but are under no obligation to, share information regarding valuation techniques and models or other information relevant to the valuation of a specific asset or category of assets. Regardless of whether or not the Sponsor has access to such information, to the extent the Sponsor values the assets held by the Trust, the Sponsor will value investments according to its valuation policies, and may value an identical asset differently than such other divisions, units or affiliated entities.

DUTIES OF THE SPONSOR

The general fiduciary duties that would otherwise be imposed on the Sponsor (which would make its operation of the Trust as described herein impracticable due to the strict prohibition imposed by such duties on, for example, conflicts of interest on behalf of a fiduciary in its dealings with its beneficiaries), will be replaced entirely by the terms of the Trust Agreement (to which terms all Shareholders, by subscribing to the Shares, are deemed to consent).

Additionally, under the Trust Agreement, the Sponsor will have the following obligations as a sponsor of the Trust:

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Execute, file, record and/or publish all certificates, statements and other documents and do any and all other things as may be appropriate for the formation, qualification and operation of the Trust and for the conduct of its business in all appropriate jurisdictions;

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Retain independent public accountants to audit the accounts of the Trust;

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Employ attorneys to represent the Trust;

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Select the Trust’s Trustee, Administrator, Transfer Agent, Custodian, Distributor, Index Provider, insurer(s) and any other service provider(s) and cause the Trust to enter into contracts with such service provider(s);

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Provide for the safekeeping and use of the Trust’s assets;

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Not employ or permit others to employ the Trust’s assets in any manner except for the benefit of the Trust;

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At all times act with integrity and good faith and exercise due diligence in all activities relating to the Trust and in resolving conflicts of interest;

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Enter into directly or through its delegates an Authorized Participant Agreement with each Authorized Participant and discharge the duties and responsibilities of the Trust and the Sponsor thereunder;

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Receive directly or through its delegates from Authorized Participants and process or cause its delegates to process properly submitted purchase orders, as will be described in the Trust Agreement and in the Authorized Participant Agreement;

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In connection with purchase orders, receive directly or through its delegates the amount of cash in a Basket;

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In connection with purchase orders, after accepting a purchase order and receiving the corresponding amount of cash, either directly or through its delegates, direct the Trust’s Transfer Agent to credit the Baskets to fill the Authorized Participant’s purchase order;

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Receive directly or through its delegates from Authorized Participants and process or cause its delegates to process properly submitted redemption orders, as will be described in the Trust Agreement and in the Authorized Participant Agreement;

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In connection with redemption orders, after receiving a redemption order specifying the number of Baskets that the Authorized Participant wishes to redeem and after the Transfer Agent’s DTC account has been credited with the Baskets to be redeemed, directly or through its delegates transfer to the redeeming Authorized Participant the quantity of Crypto Assets attributable to the Shares redeemed;

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Interact with the Custodian and any other party as required;

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Select one or more Staking Providers;

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Cause the Trust to comply with all rules, orders and regulations of the Exchange, and take all such other actions that may reasonably be taken and are necessary for the Shares to remain listed, quoted or traded on the Exchange until the Trust is terminated or the Shares are no longer listed, quoted or traded on the Exchange;

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Assist in the preparation and filing of reports and proxy statements (if any) to the Shareholders, the periodic updating of the Registration Statement and Prospectus and other reports and documents for the Trust required to be filed by the Trust with the SEC and other governmental bodies;

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Perform such other services as the Sponsor believes the Trust may from time to time require; and

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In general, to carry out any other business in connection with or incidental to any of the foregoing powers, to do everything necessary, suitable or proper for the accomplishment of any purpose or the attainment of any object or the furtherance of any power herein set forth, either alone or in association with others, and to do every other act or thing incidental or appurtenant or growing out of or connected with the aforesaid business or purposes, objects or powers.

To the extent that a law (common or statutory) or in equity, the Sponsor has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Trust, the Shareholders or to any other person, the Sponsor will not be liable to the Trust, the Shareholders or to any other person for its good faith reliance on the provisions of the Trust Agreement or this Prospectus unless such reliance constitutes gross negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct on the part of the Sponsor.

LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

Trustee

The Trustee will not be liable for the acts or omissions of the Sponsor, nor will the Trustee be liable for supervising or monitoring the performance and the duties and obligations of the Sponsor or the Trust under the Trust Agreement. The Trustee will not be personally liable under any circumstances, except for its own fraud, willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence. In particular, but not by way of limitation:

(a) the Trustee will not be personally liable for any error of judgment made in good faith except to the extent such error of judgment constitutes gross negligence on its part;

(b) no provision of the Trust Agreement will require the Trustee to expend or risk its personal funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of its rights or powers under the Trust Agreement;

(c) under no circumstances will the Trustee be personally liable for any representation, warranty, covenant, agreement, or indebtedness of the Trust;

(d) the Trustee will not be personally responsible for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of the Trust Agreement or for the due execution hereof by the Sponsor;

(e) the Trustee will incur no liability to anyone in acting upon any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, report, opinion, bond or other document or paper reasonably believed by it to be genuine and reasonably believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. The Trustee may accept a certified copy of a resolution of any governing body of any corporate party as conclusive evidence that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that the same is in full force and effect. As to any fact or matter the manner of ascertainment of which is not specifically prescribed herein, the Trustee may for all purposes hereof rely on a certificate, signed by an authorized officer of the Sponsor or any other corresponding directing party, as to such fact or matter, and such certificate will constitute full protection to the Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in reliance thereon;

(f) in the exercise or administration of the trust hereunder, the Trustee (i) may act directly or through agents or attorneys pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and the Trustee will not be liable for the default or misconduct of such agents or attorneys if such agents or attorneys will have been selected by the Trustee in good faith and with due care and (ii) may consult with counsel, accountants and other skilled persons to be selected by it in good faith and with due care and employed by it, and it will not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in good faith by it in accordance with the advice or opinion of any such counsel, accountants or other skilled persons;

(g) except as will be expressly provided in the Trust Agreement, the Trustee will act solely as a trustee under the Trust Agreement and not in its individual capacity, and all persons having any claim against the Trustee by reason of the transactions contemplated by the Trust Agreement will look only to the Trust’s property for payment or satisfaction thereof; and

(h) the Trustee will not be liable for punitive, exemplary, consequential, special or other similar damages under any circumstances.

The Trustee or any officer, affiliate, director, employee, or agent of the Trustee (each, an “Indemnified Person”) will be entitled to indemnification from the Sponsor or the Trust, to the fullest extent permitted by law, from and against any and all losses, claims, taxes, damages, reasonable expenses, and liabilities (including liabilities under State or federal securities laws) of any kind and nature whatsoever (collectively, “Expenses”), to the extent that such Expenses arise out of or are imposed upon or asserted against such Indemnified Persons with respect to the creation, operation or termination of the Trust, the execution, delivery or performance of the Trust Agreement or the transactions contemplated in the Trust Agreement; provided, however, that the Sponsor and the Trust will not be required to indemnify any Indemnified Person for any Expenses that are a result of the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of such Indemnified Person.

The obligations of the Sponsor and the Trust to indemnify the Indemnified Persons will survive the termination of the Trust Agreement.

Sponsor

The Sponsor will not be under any liability to the Trust, the Trustee or any Shareholder for any action taken or for refraining from the taking of any action in good faith pursuant to the Trust Agreement, or for errors in judgment or for depreciation or loss incurred by reason of the sale of any Crypto Assets or other assets held in trust hereunder; provided, however, this provision will not protect the Sponsor against any liability to which it would otherwise be subject by reason of its own gross negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct. The Sponsor may rely in good faith on any paper, order, notice, list, affidavit, receipt, evaluation, opinion, endorsement, assignment, draft or any other document of any kind prima facie properly executed and submitted to it by the Trustee, the Trustee’s counsel or by any other Person for any matters arising hereunder. The Sponsor will in no event be deemed to have assumed or incurred any liability, duty, or obligation to any Shareholder or to the Trustee other than as expressly provided for herein. The Trust will not incur the cost of that portion of any insurance which insures any party against any liability, the indemnification of which is herein prohibited.

In addition, as will be described in the Trust Agreement, (i) whenever a conflict of interest exists or arises between the Sponsor or any of its affiliates, on the one hand, and the Trust, on the other hand; or (ii) whenever the Trust Agreement or any other agreement contemplated herein or therein provides that the Sponsor will act in a manner that is, or provides terms that are, fair and reasonable to the Trust, the Sponsor will resolve such conflict of interest, take such action or provide such terms, considering in each case the relative interest of each party (including its own interest) to such conflict, agreement, transaction or situation and the benefits and burdens relating to such interests, and any applicable generally accepted accounting practices or principles. In the absence of bad faith by the Sponsor, the resolution, action or terms so made, taken or provided by the Sponsor will not constitute a breach of the Trust Agreement or any other agreement contemplated herein or of any duty or obligation of the Sponsor at law or in equity or otherwise.

The Sponsor and its shareholders, members, directors, officers, employees, affiliates and subsidiaries (each a “Sponsor Indemnified Party”) will be indemnified by the Trust and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense incurred hereunder without gross negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct on the part of such Sponsor Indemnified Party arising out of or in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Trust Agreement or any actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Agreement. Any amounts payable to a Sponsor Indemnified Party under Section 6.7 of the Trust Agreement may be payable in advance or will be secured by a lien on the Trust. The Sponsor will not be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any legal action that in its opinion may involve it in any expense or liability; provided, however, that the Sponsor may, in its discretion, undertake any action that it may deem necessary or desirable in respect of the Trust Agreement and the rights and duties of the parties hereto and the interests of the Shareholders and, in such event, the legal expenses and costs of any such action will be expenses and costs of the Trust and the Sponsor will be entitled to be reimbursed therefor by the Trust. The obligations of the Trust to indemnify the Sponsor Indemnified Parties will survive the termination of the Trust Agreement.

Custodian

The Custodian has limited liability, impairing the ability of the Trust to recover losses relating to its Crypto Assets and any recovery may be limited, even in the event of fraud. In addition, the Custodian may not be liable for any delay in performance of any of its custodial obligations by reason of any cause beyond its reasonable control, including force majeure events, war or terrorism, and may not be liable for any system failure or third-party penetration of its systems. As a result, the recourse of the Trust to Custodian may be limited.

Cash Custodian

In carrying out its duties and obligations under the Cash Custody Agreement, the Cash Custodian shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence and shall be liable to the Trust for all loss, damage and expense suffered or incurred by the Trust resulting from the failure of the Cash Custodian to exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence. The Trust has agreed to indemnify the Cash Custodian and its nominees from all loss, damage and expense suffered or incurred by the Cash Custodian or its nominee in the performance of its duties.

The Index Provider

The Index Provider has no obligation to take the needs of the Trust or the Shareholders into consideration in determining, composing, or calculating the Index. The Index Provider does not make any express or implied warranties, and expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the Index or any data included therein. The Index Provider does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or performance of the Index or the data included therein and shall have no liability in connection with the Index or index calculation, errors, omissions or interruptions of any index or any data included therein. The Index Provider has contracted with an independent calculation agent to calculate the Index. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Index Provider have any liability for any special, punitive, direct, indirect or consequential damages (including lost profits) arising out of matters relating to the use of the Index, even if notified of the possibility of such damages.

PROVISIONS OF LAW

According to applicable law, indemnification of the Sponsor is payable only if the Sponsor determined, in good faith, that the act, omission or conduct that gave rise to the claim for indemnification was in the best interest of the Trust and the act, omission or activity that was the basis for such loss, liability, damage, cost or expense was not the result of negligence or misconduct and such liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the Sponsor, and such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of the assets of the Trust.

Provisions of Federal and State Securities Laws

This offering is made pursuant to federal and state securities laws. The SEC and state securities agencies take the position that indemnification of the Sponsor that arises out of an alleged violation of such laws is prohibited unless certain conditions are met.

These conditions require that no indemnification of the Sponsor or any underwriter for the Trust may be made in respect of any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the party seeking indemnification and the court approves the indemnification; (ii) such claim has been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the party seeking indemnification; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the party seeking indemnification and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, provided that, before seeking such approval, the Sponsor or other indemnitee must apprise the court of the position held by regulatory agencies against such indemnification. These agencies are the SEC and the securities administrator of the State or States in which the plaintiffs claim they were offered or sold interests.

MANAGEMENT; VOTING BY SHAREHOLDERS

The Sponsor will generally have the right to amend the Trust Agreement as it applies to the Trust provided that the Shareholders have the right to vote only if expressly required under Delaware or federal law or rules or regulations of the Exchange, or if submitted to the Shareholders by the Sponsor in its sole discretion. No amendment affecting the Trustee will be binding upon or effective against the Trustee unless consented to by the Trustee in the form of an instruction letter.

The Trust does not have any directors, officers or employees. The creation and operation of the Trust has been arranged by the Sponsor. The Chief Executive Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Sponsor are as follows:

Steven McClurg – Chief Executive Officer

Steven McClurg has considerable finance and fintech experience. Most recently, Mr. McClurg served as the Chief Investment Officer of Valkyrie Investments. Mr. McClurg also founded Theseus Capital, a Blockchain-powered asset management platform, followed by joining Blockchain-focused merchant bank, Galaxy Digital, where he continued as Managing Director, building their asset management and public funds businesses. Most relevant, Mr. McClurg was a Managing Director at Guggenheim Partners, where he was a portfolio manager and responsible for portfolio construction and strategy for fixed income and private equity. He also has experience in leadership roles in technology companies such as Electronic Arts. Mr. McClurg holds a Master of Science and an MBA from Pepperdine University, where he has served as an adjunct professor.

Josh Olszewicz – Portfolio Manager

Josh Olszewicz is a cryptocurrency analyst and trader with over a decade of experience trading crypto markets. Previously, Mr. Olszewicz was Head of Research and Portfolio Manager at Valkyrie, a specialized alternative asset management firm. Mr. Olszewicz also served as a trader at Techemy Capital, a boutique digital asset investment management company and as a head writing contributor at Brave New Coin, focusing on cryptocurrency and asset fundamental and technical analysis. Mr. Olszewicz holds a Master of Science from Johns Hopkins University, where he has served as an adjunct professor.

Kevin Farragher – Head of Product

Kevin Farragher’s background in Financial Services spans over thirty-five years and his experience extends to Financial Product Management, Operations, Compliance, and I.T. Product Management. His prior experience includes Van Eck Securities, The Chase Manhattan Bank, Rydex Investments, Guggenheim Investments and Valkyrie Investments and has served in senior consulting roles at FINRA and the Investment Company Institute. His expertise extends to all asset classes and security types and he was part of the Executive Team that facilitated the sale of Rydex Investments to Security Benefit Corp. He holds degrees from Colgate University and Fordham University and presently resides in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

BOOKS AND RECORDS

The Trust keeps its books of record and account at the office of the Sponsor located at ________, or at the offices of the Administrator, or such office, including of an administrative agent, as it may subsequently designate upon notice. The books and records are open to inspection by any person who establishes to the Trust’s satisfaction that such person is a Shareholder upon reasonable advance notice at all reasonable times during usual business hours of the Trust.

The Trust will keep a copy of the Trust Agreement on file in the Sponsor’s office which will be available for inspection by any Shareholder at all times during its usual business hours upon reasonable advance notice.

STATEMENTS, FILINGS, AND REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS

After the end of each fiscal year, the Sponsor will cause to be prepared an annual report for the Trust containing audited financial statements. The annual report will be in such form and contain such information as will be required by applicable laws, rules and regulations and may contain such additional information which the Sponsor determines shall be included. The annual report will be filed with the SEC and the Exchange and will be distributed to such persons and in such manner, as is required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.

The Sponsor is responsible for the registration and qualification of the Shares under the federal securities laws. The Sponsor will also prepare, or cause to be prepared, and file any periodic reports or updates required under the 1934 Act. The Administrator will assist and support the Sponsor in the preparation of such reports.

The Administrator will make such elections, file such tax returns, and prepare, disseminate and file such tax reports, as it is advised to by its counsel or accountants or as required from time to time by any applicable statute, rule or regulation.

FISCAL YEAR

The fiscal year of the Trust is the calendar year. The Sponsor may select an alternate fiscal year to the extent permitted under applicable law.

GOVERNING LAW; CONSENT TO DELAWARE JURISDICTION

The rights of the Sponsor, the Trust, DTC (as registered owner of the Trust’s global certificate for Shares) and the Shareholders are governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. The Sponsor, the Trust and DTC and, by accepting Shares, each DTC Participant and each Shareholder, consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware and any federal courts located in Delaware, provided that (i) the forum selection provisions do not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the 1934 Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction and (ii) the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the 1933 Act, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such consent is not required for any person to assert a claim of Delaware jurisdiction over the Sponsor, the Trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Section 22 of the 1933 Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the 1933 Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Further, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the exclusive forum jurisdiction for actions arising under the 1933 Act or 1934 Act.

LEGAL MATTERS

Litigation and Claims

Within the past five years of the date of this Prospectus, there have been no material administrative, civil or criminal actions against the Sponsor, the Trust or any principal or affiliate of any of them. This includes any actions pending, on appeal, concluded, threatened, or otherwise known to them.

Legal Opinion

Chapman and Cutler LLP has advised the Sponsor in connection with the Shares being offered. Chapman and Cutler LLP also advises the Sponsor with respect to its responsibilities as sponsor of, and with respect to matters relating to, the Trust. Chapman and Cutler LLP will render an opinion regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership of the Shares. Certain opinions of counsel will be filed with the SEC as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part.

EXPERTS

The financial statement as of ________, included in this Prospectus has been so included in reliance on the report of ________, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

Administration Agreement

Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides necessary administrative, tax and accounting services and financial reporting for the maintenance and operations of the Trust, including valuing the Trust’s Crypto Assets and calculating the NAV per Share of the Trust and the NAV of the Trust and supplying pricing information to the Sponsor for the relevant website. In addition, the Administrator makes available the office space, equipment, personnel and facilities required to provide such services. The Administrator will also facilitate the instruction to transfer Crypto Assets required for the operation of the Trust.

Standard of Care; Limitations of Liability

The Administrator shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in carrying out all of its duties and obligations under the Administration Agreement, and shall be liable to the Trust only for direct losses suffered or incurred by the Trust resulting from the failure of the Administrator to exercise its standard of care.

The Administrator shall be responsible for the performance only of such duties as are set forth in the Administration Agreement and, except as otherwise provided in the Administration Agreement, shall have no responsibility for the actions or activities of any other party, including other service providers.

The Administrator shall have no liability in respect of any loss, damage or expense suffered by the Trust insofar as such loss, damage or expense arises from the performance of the Administrator’s duties hereunder in reliance upon records that were maintained for the Trust by entities other than the Administrator prior to the Administrator’s appointment as administrator for the Trust. Unless directly caused by or resulting from, the failure of the Administrator to exercise its standard of care, the Administrator shall have no liability for errors of judgment or for any loss or damage resulting from the performance or nonperformance of its duties under the Administration Agreement.

Neither the Trust nor the Administrator shall be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages, including lost profits, of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) arising in connection with the Administration Agreement even if advised of the possibility of such damages.

The Administrator shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under the Administration Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its control, including, without limitation, work stoppage, power or other mechanical failure, computer virus, natural disaster, governmental action or communication disruption.

Indemnity

The Trust will indemnify the Administrator against, and hold Administrator harmless from, any loss, damage, or expense that may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Administrator as a result of any action or omission taken in accordance with any instruction, except to the extent that such loss, damage, or expense is caused by the negligence, misfeasance or willful misconduct of the Administrator in the manner in which it carries out the instruction.

The Trust agrees to indemnify and hold the Administrator and its directors, officers, employees and agents harmless from all loss, cost, damage and expense, including reasonable fees and expenses for counsel, incurred by the Administrator resulting from any claim, demand, action or suit in connection with any action or omission by the Administrator in the performance of its duties under the Administration Agreement, or as a result of the Administrator acting upon any instructions reasonably believed by it to have been communicated to it or upon reasonable reliance on information or records given or made by the Trust. However, the Trust will not indemnify the Administrator from losses, damages and expenses occasioned by or resulting from the negligence, misfeasance or willful misconduct of the Administrator, its officers, employees or agents as the case may be.

Administrator’s Fee

Pursuant to the Trust’s unitary fee structure, the Administrator’s fee is paid by the Sponsor in accordance with the Administration Agreement.

Governing Law

The Administration Agreement is governed by the laws of the ________.

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Termination of the Administration Agreement

The Administration Agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the first to occur of: (i) termination for convenience by the Administrator by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed to the Trust, such termination to take effect not sooner than ninety (90) days after the date of such delivery; (ii) termination for convenience by the Trust by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed to the Administrator, such termination to take effect not sooner than thirty (30) days after the date of such delivery; (iii) termination by the Administrator, by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed to the Trust if the Administrator reasonably determines that servicing the Trust raises regulatory or reputational concerns, with such termination to take effect not sooner than sixty (60) days after the date of such delivery; or (iv) termination by the either party by written notice delivered to the other party, based upon: (a) the terminating party’s determination that there is a reasonable basis to conclude that the other party is insolvent or that the financial condition of the other party is deteriorating in any material respect, in which case termination shall take effect upon the other party’s receipt of such notice or at such later time as the terminating party shall designate; (b) the other party committing a material breach of the Administration Agreement, and failing to remedy such material breach within ninety (90) days of being given written notice of the material breach, unless the parties agree to extend the period to remedy the breach; or (c) the relevant state or federal authority withdrawing its authorization of the either party.

Custodial Services Agreement

The Custodial Services Agreement establishes the rights and responsibilities of the Custodian, Sponsor, and the Trust with respect to the Crypto Assets in the Trust’s Crypto Assets custody account, which is established and maintained by the Custodian.

Access to the Custody Account; Transfers and Storage

The Custodian has been engaged to keep the Trust’s Crypto Assets in safe custody.

The Custodian will provide the Sponsor with the information that is necessary for third parties to make deposits to the Trust’s account. To support the Trust’s ordinary course deposits and withdrawals, the Custodian’s services will allow the Sponsor to receive a recipient address for deposits by a third party, and to initiate the transfer and broadcast to the blockchain supporting the relevant asset. Subject to completed blockchain transactions to the provided recipient addresses and completion of required transaction screening by the Custodian, the Custodian will credit all Crypto Assets properly authorized by the Trust or the Sponsor to the Trust’s account.

The Custodian will only allow withdrawals of Crypto Assets from the Trust’s account based on authorized instructions from the Sponsor or the Trust.

Standard of Care; Limitations of Liability

The Custodian agrees to exercise the reasonable care of a professional custodian for hire. In no event will the Custodian be responsible or liable for any loss, claim or damage suffered by the Client, except to the extent of a final, non-appealable judicial determination that such loss, claim or damage directly resulted from the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of the Custodian. Further, the Custodian is not liable for any loss that is caused, directly or indirectly, by any non-adherence by the Trust to the Custodian’s policies and procedures, any action taken by the Custodian, which in its sole discretion, may be necessary or advisable to inspect and protect the security of the digital assets or accounts of the Trust. Other exceptions under the Custodial Services Agreement may include force majeure events (i.e., events out of the control of the Custodian, which make compliance by the Custodian with the terms of the Custodial Services Agreement impossible) or losses resulting from the Custodian’s reasonable reliance on an instruction reasonably understood as provided by the Trust to the Custodian.

The Custodian shall only be responsible for the performance of those duties as are expressly set forth in the Custodial Services Agreement, including the performance of any instructions given in accordance with it. The Custodian does not have implied duties or obligations and is not subject to, nor required to comply with, any other agreement to which the Trust is a party.

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Pursuant to the Custodial Services Agreement, the Custodian does not warrant or guarantee the form, authenticity, value or validity of any asset received by the Custodian. The Custodian is not responsible for the security, functionality, or availability of a Blockchain. Furthermore, the Custodian cannot cancel or reverse a transaction that has been submitted to a Blockchain, except by an instruction to halt a withdrawal of Crypto Assets within three hours immediately following receipt of a confirmation provided to the Trust by the Custodian of a pending withdrawal transaction. To the extent the Custodian does not cause or contribute to a loss that the Trust or Sponsor suffers in connection with any Crypto Assets transaction initiated by or on behalf of the Trust or Sponsor, the Custodian will have no liability for such loss.

Indemnity

The Trust will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Custodian, its parent companies, subsidiaries and affiliates, and its and their directors, officers, agents and employees, against any and all claims, costs, causes of action, losses, liabilities, lawsuits, demands and damages, fines, penalties and expenses, including without limitation, any and all court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees, in any way related to or arising out of or in connection with the Custodial Services Agreement or any action taken or not taken pursuant hereto, except to the extent that the Custodian would be liable under Custodial Services Agreement.

Insurance

Crypto Assets are not subject to the protections or insurance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Any insurance coverage obtained by or for the Custodian is solely for the benefit of the Custodian and does not guarantee or insure the Trust in any way. There is no third-party insurance held on behalf of the Crypto Assets accounts.

Inspection and Audit Rights

The Trust does not enjoy audit or inspection rights under the Custodial Services Agreement. The Sponsor relies on the Custodian’s System and Organization Controls (“SOC”) reports to provide assurances as to the controls that support the proof of existence of the Trust’s Crypto Assets at the Custodian. SOC reports are internal control evaluations conducted by independent auditors. A SOC 1 report addresses the controls at a service organization that are likely to be relevant to user entities’ internal control over financial reporting. A SOC 2 report addresses controls at a service organization relevant to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, or privacy in order to support users’ evaluations of their own systems of internal control. The Custodian engages an independent auditor to conduct both a SOC 1, Type II audit and a SOC 2, Type II audit. The SOC 1, Type II and SOC 2, Type II reports include controls over private key management.

Fees and Expenses

Pursuant to the Trust’s unitary fee structure, Custody Fees are paid by the Sponsor in accordance with a Fee Schedule to the Custodial Services Agreement.

Modification of Agreement

The Custodial Services Agreement may be modified only by written agreement signed by both the Trust and the Custodian.

Governing Law

The Custodial Services Agreement is governed by the laws of the ________.

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Term and Termination

The term of the Custodial Services Agreement shall continue unless terminated in accordance with its terms. Pursuant to the Custodial Services Agreement, either party may terminate the agreement (i) with or without cause upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to the other party, (ii) for material breach of the agreement and the failure to cure such breach by the breaching party within seven (7) days after receiving written notice of the material breach from the non-breaching party, and (iii) upon insolvency.

Distribution Agreement

Pursuant to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) between the Trust and ________, ________ assists the Sponsor and the Administrator with certain functions and duties relating to distribution and marketing of Shares including reviewing and approving marketing materials.

Indemnity and Limitations on Liability

In its capacity as Distributor, ________ is indemnified and held harmless against any loss, liability, claim, damages or expense (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending any alleged loss, liability, claim, damages, or expense and reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) arising by reason of any person acquiring any shares, based upon the ground that the Trust’s offering documents included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated or necessary in order to make the statements not misleading under the 1933 Act, or any other statute or the common law. However, the Trust will not indemnify the Distributor or hold it harmless to the extent that the statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Trust by or on behalf of Distributor. In no case (i) is the indemnity of the Trust in favor of Distributor or any person indemnified to be deemed to protect the Distributor or any person against any liability to the Trust or its security holders to which the Distributor or such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement, or (ii) is the Trust to be liable under its indemnity agreement with respect to any claim made against the Distributor or any person indemnified unless the Distributor or person, as the case may be, shall have notified the Trust in writing of the claim within a reasonable time after the summons or other first written notification giving information of the nature of the claim shall have been served upon the Distributor or any such person (or after the Distributor or such person shall have received notice of service on any designated agent).

Term and Termination

The Distribution Agreement may be terminated by either party at the end of the initial term or the end of any renewal term on sixty (60) days’ prior written notice.

Governing Law

The Distribution Agreement is governed by the laws of the ________.

Transfer Agency Agreement

________ serves as the Transfer Agent. The Transfer Agent, among other things, provides transfer agent services with respect to the creation and redemption of Baskets by Authorized Participants, the issuance and redemption of Shares, the payment, if any, of distributions with respect to the Shares, the recording of the issuance of the Shares and the maintaining of certain records therewith.

Resignation, Discharge or Removal of Transfer Agent

Either the Trust or the Transfer Agent may terminate the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement for cause for the reasons set forth in the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, such as either party’s bankruptcy or committing a material breach of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement. The Trust may terminate the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement prior to the expiration of the initial term upon ninety (90) days’ prior written notice in the event that the Sponsor determines to liquidate the Trust and terminate its registration with the SEC.

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Limitation on Transfer Agent’s Liability

The Transfer Agent will not be liable for the disposition of EUAs or moneys, or for any action taken or omitted or for any loss or injury resulting from its actions or its performance or lack of performance of its duties under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement in the absence of negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith on its part. In no event will the Transfer Agent be liable for acting in accordance with or conclusively relying upon any instruction, notice, demand, certificate or document (i) from the Sponsor, the Trustee, the Administrator or the Cash Custodian or any entity acting on behalf of any of them which the Transfer Agent believes is given as authorized by the Trust Agreement, the Administration Agreement or the Cash Custody Agreement, respectively; or (ii) from or on behalf of any Authorized Participant which the Transfer Agent believes is given pursuant to or is authorized by an Authorized Participant Agreement (provided that the Transfer Agent has complied with the verification procedures specified in the Authorized Participant Agreement). In no event will the Transfer Agent be liable for acting or omitting to act in reliance upon the advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants or any other person believed by it in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information. In addition, the Transfer Agent will not be liable for any delay in performance or for the non-performance of any of its obligations under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement by reason of causes beyond its reasonable control, including acts of God, war or terrorism. The Transfer Agent will not be liable for any indirect, consequential, punitive or special damages, regardless of the form of action and whether or not any such damages were foreseeable or contemplated, or for an amount in excess of the value of the Trust’s assets.

Indemnification of Transfer Agent

The Transfer Agent, its directors, employees and agents shall be indemnified by the Trust and held harmless against any loss, liability or expense (including, but not limited to, the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) arising out of or in connection with the performance of its obligations under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement and under each other agreement entered into by the Transfer Agent in furtherance of the administration of the Trust (including, without limiting the scope of the foregoing, any Authorized Participant Agreement) or for any other loss incurred without negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith in connection with the performance of its obligations under or any actions taken in accordance with the provisions of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement or any such other agreement. Such indemnity shall include payment from the Trust of the costs and expenses incurred by such indemnified party in defending itself against any claim or liability in its capacity as Transfer Agent.

Governing Law

The Transfer Agency and Services Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with the laws of ________.

[Cash Custody Agreement

Under the Cash Custody Agreement, the Cash Custodian will keep safely all cash and other non-Crypto Assets assets of the Trust delivered to the Cash Custodian and, on behalf of the Trust, the Cash Custodian shall, from time to time, accept delivery of cash and other non-Crypto Assets assets for safekeeping. Amounts received in connection with the sale of Crypto Assets shall be deposited into the Cash Account.]

Standard of Care; Limitations of Liability

The Cash Custodian shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence and shall be liable to the Trust for all loss, damage and expense suffered or incurred by the Trust resulting from the failure of the Cash Custodian to exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence.

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The Cash Custodian shall not be liable if the Cash Custodian (or any sub-custodian) is prevented, forbidden or delayed from performing, or omits to perform, any act or thing which the Cash Custody Agreement provides shall be performed or omitted to be performed, by reason of: (i) any provision of any present or future law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or of any foreign country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction; or (ii) any act of God or war or other similar circumstance beyond the control of the Cash Custodian, unless, in each case, such delay or nonperformance is caused by the breach by the Cash Custodian of its standard care or a malfunction or failure of equipment operated or utilized by the Cash Custodian other than a malfunction or failure beyond the Cash Custodian’s control and which could not reasonably be anticipated and/or prevented.

Indemnity

Under the Cash Custody Agreement, the Trust agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Cash Custodian and its nominees from all loss, damage and expense (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) suffered or incurred by the Cash Custodian or its nominee caused by or arising from actions taken by the Cash Custodian on behalf of the Trust in the performance of its duties and obligations under the Cash Custody Agreement; provided however, that such indemnity shall not apply to loss, damage and expense occasioned by or resulting from the Cash Custodian’s breach of its standard of care.

Cash Custodian’s Fee

Pursuant to the Trust’s unitary fee structure, the Cash Custodian’s fees are paid by the Sponsor in accordance with the Cash Custody Agreement.

Governing Law

The Cash Custody Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of ________.

Termination of the Cash Custody Agreement

With respect to the Trust, the Cash Custody Agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the first to occur of: (a) termination by the Cash Custodian by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed to the Trust, such termination to take effect not sooner than ninety (90) days after the date of such delivery; (b) termination by the Trust by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed to the Cash Custodian, such termination to take effect not sooner than thirty (30) days after the date of such delivery; or (c) termination by the Trust by written notice delivered to the Cash Custodian, based upon the Trust’s determination that there is a reasonable basis to conclude that the Cash Custodian is insolvent or that the financial condition of the Cash Custodian is deteriorating in any material respect, in which case termination shall take effect upon the Cash Custodian’s receipt of such notice or at such later time as the Trust shall designate.

UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences associated with the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares by a U.S. Shareholder (as defined below), and certain U.S. federal income consequences that may apply to an investment in Shares by a Non-U.S. Shareholder (as defined below). The discussion below is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and judicial and administrative interpretations of the Code, all as in effect on the date of this Prospectus and all of which are subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. The tax treatment of Shareholders may vary depending upon their own particular circumstances. Except where noted, this discussion only deals with Shares held as capital assets (generally, property held for investment), and does not address special situations, including those of banks, financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, dealers in securities, currencies, or commodities, tax-exempt organizations, tax-exempt or tax-advantaged retirement plans or accounts, traders using a mark-to-market method of accounting, entities that are partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, persons holding Shares as a position in a “hedging,” “straddle,” “conversion,” “constructive sale” or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar, persons required for U.S. federal income tax purposes to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to the Shares as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, or persons subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. Moreover, the discussion below does not address the effect of any state, local or foreign tax law consequences that may apply to an investment in Shares. Purchasers of Shares are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to all federal, state, local and foreign tax law considerations potentially applicable to their investment in Shares.

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For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Shareholder” is a Shareholder that is:

•

an individual who is treated as a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

•

a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

•

an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

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a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

If a partnership or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Shares, the tax treatment of a partner generally depends upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding Shares, the discussion below may not be applicable and we urge you to consult your own tax adviser for the U.S. federal income tax implications of the purchase, ownership and disposition of such Shares.

Taxation of the Trust

The Trust is expected to be classified as a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and as such is expected to be obligated to pay U.S. federal and applicable state corporate taxes on its taxable income. This differs from investment companies that elect to be treated as “regulated investment companies” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to avoid paying entity-level income taxes. In pursuing its investment objective, the Trust will not be required to comply with the diversification requirements of a regulated investment company.

The amount of taxes currently paid by the Trust will vary depending on the amount of income and gains derived from its investments. Taxes paid by the Trust will reduce your return from an investment in the Fund.

The Trust will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular corporate tax rate, currently 21%, on any gain recognized by the Trust on any sale of assets by the Trust.

Taxation of U.S. Shareholders

The Trust may periodically make distributions to its Shareholders. To the extent such distributions are out of the Trust’s earnings and profits such distributions will be treated as dividends to the Shareholders. Such dividends may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividends” for individual Shareholders or eligible for a dividends received deduction by corporate Shareholders depending other factual circumstances. If a distribution is not paid out of earnings and profits it will be treated, first, as a reduction of the Shareholder’s basis, and, to the extent the distribution exceeds the Shareholder’s basis as gain from the sale or disposition of the Shares. A distribution that reduces a Shareholder’s basis is not currently taxable but will increase the amount of gain or reduce the amount of loss recognized on an ultimate sale or disposition of the Shares.

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Current IRS guidance on the treatment of convertible virtual currencies classifies Crypto Assets as “property” that is not currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes and clarifies that Crypto Assets can be held as a capital asset, but it does not address several other aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of Crypto Assets. Because Crypto Assets are a new technological innovation, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of Crypto Assets or transactions relating to investments in Crypto Assets may evolve and change from that discussed below, possibly with retroactive effect. In this regard, the IRS has indicated that it has made it a priority to issue additional guidance related to the taxation of virtual currency transactions, such as transactions involving Crypto Assets. While the IRS has started to issue such additional guidance, whether any future guidance will adversely affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in Crypto Assets or in transactions relating to investments in Crypto Assets are unknown. Moreover, future developments that may arise with respect to digital currencies may increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital currencies for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Trust expects to sell or use Crypto Assets to pay certain expenses of the Trust or to fund cash redemptions if and when applicable. If the Trust sells Crypto Assets (for example to generate cash to pay fees or expenses) or is treated as selling Crypto Assets (for example by using Crypto Assets to pay fees or expenses), the Trust will generally recognize gain or loss on the use of Crypto Assets to pay expenses.

Upon a Shareholder’s sale of some or all of its Shares, the Shareholder will recognize gain or loss on the sale in an amount equal to the difference between (a) the amount realized pursuant to the sale of the Shares, and (b) the Shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares sold. A Shareholder’s tax basis is generally the amount paid for the Shares, but is subject to some adjustments. Based on current IRS guidance, such gain or loss on the sale of Shares will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if the Shareholder has a holding period of greater than one year in the Shares that were sold and otherwise will be short-term capital gain or loss.

Sales of Crypto Assets to fund cash redemptions are expected to result in gains and losses with such gains and losses expected to be treated as incurred by the Trust.

After any sale or redemption of less than all of a Shareholder’s Shares, the Shareholder’s tax basis for its Shares generally will be equal to its tax basis in its Shares immediately prior to the sale or redemption, less the portion of such basis which is taken into account in determining the amount of gain or loss recognized by the Shareholder upon such sale or cash redemption.

3.8% Tax on Net Investment Income

Certain U.S. Shareholders, who are individuals, are required to pay a 3.8% tax on the lesser of the excess of their modified adjusted gross income over a threshold amount ($250,000 for married persons filing jointly and $200,000 for single taxpayers) or their “net investment income,” which generally includes capital gains from the disposition of property. This tax is in addition to any capital gains taxes due on such investment income. A similar tax applies to estates and trusts. U.S. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, this tax may have on their investment in the Shares.

Brokerage Fees and Trust Expenses

Any brokerage or other transaction fee incurred by a Shareholder in purchasing Shares will be treated as part of the Shareholder’s tax basis in the underlying assets of the Trust. Similarly, any brokerage fee incurred by a Shareholder in selling Shares will reduce the amount realized by the Shareholder with respect to the sale.

For tax years beginning after December 31, 2025, noncorporate taxpayers may deduct certain miscellaneous itemized deductions only to the extent they exceed in the aggregate 2% of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income.

Investment by Certain Retirement Plans

Individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and participant-directed accounts under tax-qualified retirement plans are limited in the types of investments they may make under the Code. Potential purchasers of Shares that are IRAs or participant-directed accounts under a Code section 401(a) plan should consult with their own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of a purchase of Shares.

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United States Information Reporting and Backup Withholding; Tax Return Reporting for Cryptocurrency

The Trustee will file certain information returns with the IRS, and provide certain tax-related information to Shareholders, in connection with the Trust. To the extent required by applicable regulations, each Shareholder will be provided with information regarding its allocable portion of the Trust’s annual income, expenses, gains and losses (if any). A U.S. Shareholder may be subject to United States backup withholding tax in certain circumstances unless it provides its taxpayer identification number and complies with certain certification procedures. Non-U.S. Shareholders may have to comply with certification procedures to establish that they are not a United States person, and some Non-U.S. Shareholders may be required to meet certain information reporting or certification requirements imposed by Code requirements popularly referred to as “FATCA” in order to avoid certain information reporting and withholding tax requirements.

The amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a Shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the Shareholder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner.

Individual U.S. Shareholders will be required to report on their federal income tax return the receipt, acquisition, sale, or exchange of any financial interest in virtual currency, which includes a Shareholder’s interest in Crypto Assets held by the Trust.

Taxation of Authorized Participants

If an Authorized Participant invests in the Trust on its own behalf, the Authorized Participant will generally recognize income, gain, loss or deduction as described for U.S. Shareholders. If an Authorized Participant is acting as agent for one or more other persons, who are the beneficial owners of the Shares, the Authorized Participant will be obligated to issue an information statement to the beneficial owners, who will recognize the consequences described above for U.S. Shareholders.

Taxation in Jurisdictions Other Than the United States

Prospective purchasers of Shares that are based in or acting out of a jurisdiction other than the United States are advised to consult their own tax advisers as to the tax consequences under the laws of such jurisdiction (or any other jurisdiction other than the United States in which they are subject to taxation) of their purchase, holding, sale and redemption of or any other dealing in Shares and, in particular, as to whether any value added tax, other consumption tax or transfer tax is payable in relation to such purchase, holding, sale, redemption or other dealing.

The foregoing is only a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences associated with the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares by a U.S. Shareholder. Each prospective Shareholder should consult the Shareholder’s own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. tax considerations relevant to an investment in Shares in the Shareholder’s particular tax situation.

PROSPECTIVE SHAREHOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR LEGAL AND TAX ADVISERS BEFORE DECIDING WHETHER TO INVEST IN THE SHARES OF THE TRUST.

PURCHASES BY EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and/or Section 4975 of the Code impose certain requirements on: (i) employee benefit plans and certain other plans and arrangements, including individual retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans and certain collective investment funds or insurance company general or separate accounts in which such plans or arrangements are invested, that are subject to Title I of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code (collectively, “Plans”); and (ii) persons who are fiduciaries with respect to the investment of assets treated as “plan assets” within the meaning of U.S. Department of Labor (the “DOL”) regulation 29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-101, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “Plan Assets Regulation”), of a Plan. Investments by Plans are subject to the fiduciary requirements and the applicability of prohibited transaction restrictions under ERISA and the Code. It is anticipated that the Shares will constitute “publicly-held offered securities” as defined in the Department of Labor Regulations § 2510.3-101(b)(2). Accordingly, Shares purchased by a Plan, and not the Plan’s interest in the underlying Crypto Assets held in the Trust represented by the Shares, should be treated as assets of the Plan, for purposes of applying the “fiduciary responsibility” and “prohibited transaction” rules of ERISA and the Code.

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“Governmental plans” within the meaning of Section 3(32) of ERISA, certain “church plans” within the meaning of Section 3(33) of ERISA and “non-U.S. plans” described in Section 4(b)(4) of ERISA, while not subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, may be subject to any federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other law or regulation that is substantially similar to the foregoing provisions of ERISA and the Code. Fiduciaries of any such plans are advised to consult with their counsel prior to an investment in the Shares.

In contemplating an investment of a portion of Plan assets in the Shares, the Plan fiduciary responsible for making such investment should carefully consider, taking into account the facts and circumstances of the Plan, the “Risk Factors” discussed above and whether such investment is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities. The Plan fiduciary should consider, among other issues, whether: (1) the fiduciary has the authority to make the investment under the appropriate governing plan instrument; (2) the investment would constitute a direct or indirect non-exempt prohibited transaction with a “party in interest” or “disqualified person” within the meaning of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code respectively; (3) the investment is in accordance with the Plan’s funding objectives; and (4) such investment is appropriate for the Plan under the general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification, taking into account the overall investment policy of the Plan, the composition of the Plan’s investment portfolio and the Plan’s need for sufficient liquidity to pay benefits when due. When evaluating the prudence of an investment in the Shares, the Plan fiduciary should consider the DOL’s regulation on investment duties, which can be found at 29 C.F.R. § 2550.404a-1.

By investing, each Plan shall be deemed to acknowledge and agree that: (a) none of the Sponsor, the Trustee, the Custodian or any of their respective affiliates (the “Transaction Parties”) has through this Prospectus and related materials provided any investment advice within the meaning of Section 3(21) of ERISA to the Plan in connection with the decision to purchase, acquire, hold or dispose of such Shares; and (b) the information provided in this Prospectus and related materials will not make a Transaction Party a fiduciary to the Plan.

INFORMATION YOU SHOULD KNOW

This Prospectus contains information you should consider when making an investment decision about the Shares. You should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus or any applicable Prospectus supplement. None of the Trust or the Sponsor has authorized any person to provide you with different information and, if anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell the Shares in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of the Shares is not permitted.

The information contained in this Prospectus was obtained from us and other sources we believe to be reliable.

You should disregard anything we said in an earlier document that is inconsistent with what is included in this Prospectus or any applicable Prospectus supplement. Where the context requires, when we refer to this “Prospectus,” we are referring to this Prospectus and (if applicable) the relevant Prospectus supplement.

You should not assume that the information in this Prospectus or any applicable Prospectus supplement is current as of any date other than the date on the front page of this Prospectus or the date on the front page of any applicable Prospectus supplement.

109

We include cross references in this Prospectus to captions in these materials where you can find further related discussions. The table of contents tells you where to find these captions.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

The Sponsor owns trademark registrations for the Trust. The Sponsor relies upon these trademarks through which it markets its services and strives to build and maintain brand recognition in the market and among current and potential investors. So long as the Sponsor continues to use these trademarks to identify its services, without challenge from any third-party, and properly maintains and renews the trademark registrations under applicable laws, rules and regulations, it will continue to have indefinite protection for these trademarks under current laws, rules and regulations.

The Sponsor also owns trademark registrations for the Sponsor. The Sponsor relies upon these trademarks through which it markets its services and strives to build and maintain brand recognition in the market and among current and potential investors. So long as the Sponsor continues to use these trademarks to identify its services, without challenge from any third-party, and properly maintains and renews the trademark registrations under applicable laws, rules and regulations; it will continue to have indefinite protection for these trademarks under current laws, rules and regulations.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

The Sponsor has filed on behalf of the Trust a registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC under the 1933 Act. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement (including the exhibits to the registration statement), parts of which have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about the Trust or the Shares, please refer to the registration statement, which is available online at www.sec.gov.

Information about the Trust and the Shares can also be obtained from the Trust’s website, which is www.canary.capital. The Trust’s website address is only provided here as a convenience to you and the information contained on or connected to the website is not part of this Prospectus or the registration statement of which this Prospectus is part. The Trust is subject to the informational requirements of the 1934 Act and will file certain reports and other information with the SEC under the 1934 Act.

The reports and other information are available online at www.sec.gov.

PRIVACY POLICY

The Trust and the Sponsor may collect or have access to certain nonpublic personal information about current and former Shareholders. Nonpublic personal information may include information received from Shareholders, such as a Shareholder’s name, social security number and address, as well as information received from brokerage firms about Shareholder holdings and transactions in Shares of the Trust.

The Trust and the Sponsor do not disclose nonpublic personal information except as required by law or as described in their Privacy Policy. In general, the Trust and the Sponsor restrict access to the nonpublic personal information they collect about Shareholders to those of their and their affiliates’ employees and service providers who need access to such information to provide products and services to Shareholders.

The Trust and the Sponsor maintain safeguards that comply with federal law to protect Shareholders’ nonpublic personal information. These safeguards are reasonably designed to (1) ensure the security and confidentiality of Shareholders’ records and information, (2) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of Shareholders’ records and information, and (3) protect against unauthorized access to or use of Shareholders’ records or information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any Shareholder.

110

Third-party service providers with whom the Trust and the Sponsor share nonpublic personal information about Shareholders must agree to follow appropriate standards of security and confidentiality, which includes safeguarding such nonpublic personal information physically, electronically and procedurally.

A copy of the Sponsor’s current Privacy Policy, which is applicable to the Trust, is available at ________.

111

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

[To be provided]

112

Canary American-Made Crypto ETF

Statement of Assets and Liabilities

[To be provided]

113

Canary American-Made Crypto ETF

Notes to Financial Statement

[To be provided]

114

CANARY AMERICAN-MADE CRYPTO ETF

SHARES

PROSPECTUS

_______, 202_

Until _______, 202_ (25 calendar days after the date of this Prospectus) all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a Prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a Prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The Trust shall not bear any expenses incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. These expenses shall be paid by Canary Capital Group LLC, the sponsor of the Trust. Except for the Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee and Exchange Listing Fee, all such expenses are estimated:

SEC registration fee (actual)	$	0	*
Listing fee (actual)	$	____
Auditor’s fees and expenses	$	____
Legal fees and expenses	$	____
Printing expenses	$	____
Miscellaneous expenses	$	____
Total	$	____

* An indeterminate number of the securities is being registered as may from time to time be sold at indeterminate prices. In accordance with Rules 456(d) and 457(u), the Trust is deferring payment of all of the additional registration fee and will pay the additional registration fee subsequently on an annual basis.

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

The Trust Agreement will provide that the Trust shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Trustee (including in its individual capacity) and any of the officers, directors, employees and agents of the Trustee (the “Indemnified Persons”) from and against any and all losses, damages, liabilities, claims, actions, suits, costs, expenses, disbursements (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel and fees and expenses incurred in connection with enforcement of its indemnification rights under the Trust Agreement), taxes and penalties of any kind and nature whatsoever (collectively, “Expenses”), to the extent that such Expenses arise out of or are imposed upon or asserted at any time against such Indemnified Persons with respect to the performance of the Trust Agreement, the creation, operation or termination of the Trust or the transactions contemplated thereby; provided, however, that the Trust shall not be required to indemnify any Indemnified Person for any Expenses which are a result of the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of an Indemnified Person. If the Trust shall have insufficient assets or improperly refuses to pay an Indemnified Person within sixty (60) days of a request for payment owed hereunder, the Sponsor shall, as secondary obligor, compensate or reimburse the Trustee or indemnify, defend and hold harmless an Indemnified Person as if it were the primary obligor under the Trust Agreement; provided, however, that the Sponsor shall not be required to indemnify any Indemnified Person for any Expenses which are a result of the willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence of an Indemnified Person. Expenses to be incurred by an Indemnified Person shall, from time to time, be advanced by, or on behalf of, the Sponsor prior to the final disposition of any matter upon receipt by the Sponsor of an undertaking by, or on behalf of, such Indemnified Person to repay such amount if it shall be determined that the Indemnified Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Trust Agreement.

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.

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Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) Exhibits.

	Exhibit
	No.		Exhibit Description

3.1***

Trust Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-289826) filed on August 25, 2025

3.2***

Amended Certificate of Trust, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-289826) filed on August 25, 2025

5.1**

Opinion of Chapman and Cutler LLP as to legality

8.1**

Opinion of Chapman and Cutler LLP as to tax matters

10.1**

Form of Initial Authorized Participant Agreement

10.2**

Distribution Agreement

10.3**

Custodial Services Agreement

10.4**

Administration Agreement

10.5**

Transfer Agency Agreement

10.6**

Sponsor Agreement

10.7**

Cash Custody Agreement (Custodian Agreement)

10.8**

Index Licensing Agreement.

23.1**

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

23.2**

Consent of Chapman and Cutler LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1)

107***

Filing Fee Tables, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 107 of the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-289826) filed on August 25, 2025

* Filed herewith

** To be filed by amendment

***Previously filed.

(b) Financial Statement Schedules.

Not applicable.

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Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i)

to include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(ii)

to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

(2)

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3)

To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4)

That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: (i) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:

(A)

each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B)

each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

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(ii)

If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(5)

That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i)

any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii)

any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii)

the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv)

any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(6) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this amendment to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Nashville, and the State of Tennessee, on December 1, 2025.

	CANARY AMERICAN-MADE CRYPTO ETF

	Canary Capital Group LLC, as Sponsor of the Trust

	By:	/s/ Steven McClurg
		Name: Steven McClurg
		Title: Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this amendment to the registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities* and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Steven McClurg	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	December 1, 2025
Steven McClurg


/s/ Starr Frohlich	Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer	December 1, 2025
Starr Frohlich

* The registrant is a trust and the persons are signing in their capacities as officers of Canary Capital Group LLC, the Sponsor of the registrant.

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Canary American-Made Crypto ETF S-1/A