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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_________________________________

FORM 10-K

_________________________________


☒			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 0-6365

_________________________________

APOGEE ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_________________________________

Minnesota

41-0919654

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

4400 West 78th Street

Suite 520

Minneapolis

Minnesota

55435

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (952) 835-1874

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.33 1/3 Par Value

APOG

The Nasdaq Stock Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

________________________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

As of August 2530, ~~2023~~2024, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the approximate aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $1,~~075~~432,300,000 (based on the closing price of $4966.8778 per share as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market as of that date).

As of April 2218, ~~2024~~2025, 2221,~~128~~419,~~308~~290 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

In accordance with General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, certain information required by Part III hereof will either be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Shareholders filed within 120 days of our fiscal year ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025 or will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K filed within 120 days of March 21, ~~2024~~2025.

Table of Contents

APOGEE ENTERPRISES, INC.

Annual Report on Form 10-K

For the fiscal year ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	11
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	1716
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	17
Item 2.	Properties	18
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	19
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	19
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	20
Item 6.	Reserved	21
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3337
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	3438
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	6977
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	7078
Item 9B.	Other Information	7078
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	7078
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, Code of Ethics and Corporate Governance	7078
Item 11.	Executive and Director Compensation	7079
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	7179
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	7179
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	7179
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	7179
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	7482
	Signatures	7583

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7, contains certain statements that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “should,” "will," "continue" or similar words or expressions. All forecasts and projections in this document are “forward-looking statements,” and are based on management's current expectations or beliefs of the Company's near-term results, based on current information available pertaining to the Company, including the risk factors noted under Item 1A in this Form 10-K. From time to time, we also may provide oral and written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public, such as press releases, presentations to securities analysts or investors, or other communications by the Company. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this report and in any public statements we make could be materially different from actual results.

Accordingly, we wish to caution investors that any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company are subject to uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These uncertainties and other risk factors include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties set forth under Item 1A in this Form 10-K, all of which are incorporated by reference into Item 7.

We wish to caution investors that other factors might in the future prove to be important in affecting the Company's results of operations. New factors emerge from time to time; it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can it assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or a combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

The Company

Apogee Enterprises, Inc. (Apogee, we, us, our or the Company) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Minnesota in 1949. We are a leading provider of architectural building products and services, ~~for~~as ~~enclosing~~well ~~buildings,~~as ~~and~~ high-performance ~~glass~~coated ~~and~~materials ~~acrylic products~~ used in ~~applications~~a ~~for~~variety ~~preservation,~~of ~~protection and enhanced viewing~~applications.

WeSegment ~~have four reporting segments, with three of the four segments serving the non-residential construction market, and the fourth serving the custom framing and fine art market:~~ Information

•During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, the Company changed the names of two of our reporting segments to better reflect their product focus and capabilities. The previously named Architectural Framing Systems Segment ~~designs,~~is ~~engineers,~~now ~~fabricates~~referred ~~and~~to ~~finishes~~as ~~aluminum~~the ~~window,~~Architectural ~~curtainwall,~~Metals ~~storefront~~Segment. ~~and~~The ~~entrance~~previously ~~systems~~named ~~for~~Large-Scale Optical Segment is now referred to as the ~~exterior~~Performance ofSurfaces ~~buildings~~Segment. InThere ~~fiscal~~were ~~2024,~~no ~~this~~changes ~~segment~~in ~~accounted~~the ~~for~~products ~~approximately~~or ~~42%~~brands included within each of the reportable segments, nor the way in which our ~~net~~CEO ~~sales.~~assesses performance and allocates resources for these or our other segments.

~~•The~~We ~~Architectural~~have ~~Glass~~four ~~Segment~~reporting ~~coats and fabricates high-performance glass used in custom window and wall systems on non-residential buildings. In fiscal 2024, this segment accounted for approximately 24% of our net sales.~~segments:

•The Architectural ~~Services~~Metals Segment ~~integrates technical services~~designs, ~~project management~~engineers, fabricates and ~~field~~finishes ~~installation~~aluminum ~~services to design~~window, ~~engineer~~curtainwall, ~~fabricate,~~storefront and ~~install~~entrance ~~building~~systems ~~glass~~used ~~and~~primarily ~~curtainwall~~in ~~systems~~non-residential construction. In fiscal ~~2024~~2025, this segment accounted for approximately 2739% of our net sales.

•The ~~Large-Scale~~Architectural ~~Optical~~Services ~~(LSO)~~ Segment ~~manufactures~~integrates ~~high-performance~~technical ~~glazing~~services, ~~products~~project ~~for~~management, ~~the~~and ~~custom~~field ~~framing~~installation services to design, ~~fine~~engineer, ~~art~~fabricate, and ~~engineered~~install ~~optics~~architectural ~~markets~~curtainwall and other façade-related systems used primarily in non-residential construction. In fiscal ~~2024~~2025, this segment accounted for approximately 731% of our net sales.

•The Architectural Glass Segment cuts, treats, coats and fabricates high-performance glass used in custom window and wall systems used primarily in non-residential buildings. In fiscal 2025, this segment accounted for approximately 21% of our net sales.

•The Performance Surfaces Segment develops and manufactures high-performance coated materials for a variety of applications, including wall decor, museums, graphic design, digital displays, architectural interiors, and industrial flooring. In fiscal 2025, this segment accounted for approximately 9% of our net sales.

Strategy

Our enterprise strategy is based on the following three key elements:

1.Become the economic leader in our target markets. We ~~are~~have ~~developing~~developed a deep understanding of our target markets and ~~align~~aligned our businesses with clear go-to-market strategies to drive value for our customers through differentiated product and service offerings. We ~~will~~are ~~focus~~focused on operational execution, driving productivity improvements, and maintaining a competitive cost structure, so that we may bring more value to our customers and improve our own profitability.

2.Actively manage our portfolio to drive higher margins and returns. We are shifting our business mix toward higher operating margin offerings in order to improve our return on invested capital performance. We ~~expect to~~ accomplish this by allocating resources to grow our top performing businesses, actively addressing underperforming businesses, and investing toin ~~add new~~ differentiated product and service offerings to accelerate our growth and increase margins.

3.Strengthen our core capabilities. We are shifting from our historical, decentralized operating model, to one with center-led functional expertise that enables us to leverage the scale of the enterprise to better support the needs of the business. In ~~fiscal~~We ~~2022,~~have we established a Company-wide operating system with common tools and processes based on the foundation of Lean and Continuous Improvement, which we call the "Apogee Management System". " Our strategy is supported by a robust talent management program and a commitment to strong governance to ensure compliance and drive sustainable performance.

We ~~set this strategy by developing a deep knowledge of the markets we serve and by gaining extensive input from customers and industry influencers, along with detailed competitive benchmarking. We~~ continually analyze our current portfolio of products, services, and capabilities to identify the best areas for future profitable growth. We also evaluate ~~our~~inorganic ~~operating~~investment ~~model~~opportunities towhere ~~ensure~~ we ~~have~~can ~~the~~deploy ~~organizational~~capital ~~structure and capabilities needed~~ to ~~deliver~~acquire ~~consistent~~businesses ~~profitable~~that ~~growth. Through~~will ~~this~~be ~~work,~~accretive weto ~~validate~~our ~~strengths~~long-term ~~that~~growth werate ~~can leverage~~ and ~~identify~~operating ~~opportunities to improve our performance~~margins.

We have made significant progress against our strategy and will continue to identify opportunities to build upon it. To measure our progress, we established three consolidated enterprise financial targets:

•Adjusted Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)1 greater than 12%

•Adjusted operating margin1 greater than 10%

•Revenue growth greater than 1.2 times the overall non-residential construction market.

1 Adjusted ROIC and adjusted operating margin are non-GAAP measures. See discussion of non-GAAP measures within the Overview section of Management's Discussion and Analysis.

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InFiscal ~~fiscal~~2025 2024, we drove further progress toward our strategic goals and financial targets. We continued the deployment of the Apogee Management System across our business, supporting sustainable cost and productivity improvements. We invested in organic growth initiatives, including capacity expansion in the Large-Scale Optical Segment and geographic growth in Architectural Services. We increased our focus on differentiated products and services, and continued to diversify the mix of architectural projects that we serve while leaning more heavily into higher, value-added products. We also advanced several initiatives to strengthen our core capabilities, driving the standardization of key business processes and systems, and strengthening talent management and leadership development programs.Highlights

In fiscal 2025, we drove further progress toward our strategic goals and financial targets. We continued the deployment of the Apogee Management System across our business, supporting sustainable cost and productivity improvements. We invested in organic and inorganic growth initiatives, including the acquisition of UW Interco, LLC (UW Solutions) and capacity expansion in the Performance Surfaces segment as well as capacity expansion to support geographic growth in the Architectural Services segment. We continue to focus on offering differentiated products and services and diversifying the mix of architectural projects that we serve. We also advanced several initiatives to strengthen our core capabilities, driving the standardization of key business processes and systems, and strengthening talent management and leadership development programs.

Products and Services

Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals ~~Systems, Architectural Glass and Architectural Services Segments~~Segment

~~These~~Our ~~three~~Architectural ~~segments~~Metals ~~primarily~~Segment ~~serve~~designs, ~~the~~engineers ~~non-residential~~and ~~construction~~fabricates ~~industry~~aluminum windows, curtainwall, storefront and ~~participate~~entrance insystems. ~~various~~We ~~phases~~also ofextrude ~~the~~aluminum ~~value~~and ~~stream~~provide tofinishing ~~design,~~services ~~engineer,~~for ~~fabricate~~metal ~~and~~components ~~install~~used ~~custom~~in ~~glass~~a ~~and~~variety ~~aluminum~~of ~~window,~~building ~~curtainwall,~~materials ~~storefront~~applications. ~~and~~We ~~entrance~~sell ~~systems~~our ~~for~~products ~~the~~and ~~exterior~~services ofunder ~~buildings~~the Tubelite®, ~~primarily~~EFCO, and Linetec® brands in the ~~non-residential~~U.S. ~~construction~~and ~~sectors.~~under Alumicor™ in Canada.

Our product and service offerings across these architectural segments allow architects to create distinctive looks for buildings in the non-residential construction industry such as healthcare facilities, government buildings, office towers, hotels, education and athletic facilities, retail centers, transportation centers, mixed use and multi-family residential buildings. Our solutions also help meet functional requirements such as energy efficiency, hurricane, blast and other impact resistance and sound control.

Many of our architectural products and services help architects, developers, and building owners achieve their energy-efficiency and sustainability goals by improving energy performance, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, providing daylight and natural ventilation, and increasing comfort and safety for occupants. These architectural products include high-performance thermal framing systems, energy efficient glass coatings, and sun control products such as sunshades and light shelves. Many of our framing systems products can be specified with recycled aluminum content and utilize environmentally friendly anodize and paint finishes. In addition, we offer renovation solutions to help modernize aging buildings, providing significantly improved energy performance, while preserving historically accurate aesthetics.

Architectural Framing Systems Segment

Our Architectural Framing Systems Segment designs, engineers and fabricates aluminum windows, storefront and entrance systems. We also extrude aluminum and provide finishing services for metal components used in a variety of building materials applications, as well as plastic components for other markets.

Architectural Glass Segment

Our Architectural Glass Segment provides a wide range of high-performance glass products, offering customized solutions that enable architects and building owners to meet their design, aesthetic, and performance goals. We fabricate insulating, laminated, and monolithic glass units that are used in windows, curtainwall, storefront, and entrance systems. We provide premium glass solutions to meet our customers’ design and energy-performance requirements. These include proprietary, high-performance coatings, digital and silkscreen printing, heat-soaking of tempered glass, and thermal spacers.

Architectural Services Segment

Our Architectural Services Segment delivers value by integrating technical capabilities, project management skills and field installation services, to provide design, engineering, fabrication and installation for the exteriors of primarily non-residential buildings. Our ability to efficiently design high-quality window and curtainwall systems and effectively manage the installation of building façades enables our customers to meet schedule and cost requirements of their projects. We sell our products and services under the Harmon® brand.

~~LSO~~Architectural Glass Segment

~~The~~Our ~~LSO~~Architectural Glass Segment provides ~~coated~~a wide range of high-performance glass ~~and~~products, ~~acrylic~~offering ~~primarily~~customized ~~for~~solutions ~~use~~that inenable ~~custom~~architects ~~picture~~and ~~framing,~~building ~~museum~~owners ~~framing,~~to ~~wall~~meet ~~decor~~their design, aesthetic, and ~~technical~~performance ~~glass~~goals. We fabricate insulating, laminated, and ~~acrylic~~monolithic ~~for~~glass ~~other~~units ~~display~~that ~~applications.~~are ~~Products~~used ~~vary~~in ~~based~~windows, oncurtainwall, ~~size~~storefront, and ~~coatings~~entrance tosystems. We provide ~~conservation~~premium glass solutions to meet our customers’ design and energy-~~grade~~performance UVrequirements. ~~protection~~These include proprietary, ~~anti~~high-~~reflective~~performance coatings, digital and ~~anti~~silkscreen printing, heat-~~static~~soaking ~~properties~~of tempered glass, and~~/or~~ ~~security~~thermal ~~features~~spacers. We sell our products under the Viracon® and GlassecViracon® brands.

Performance Surfaces Segment

The Performance Surfaces Segment develops and manufactures high-performance coated materials for a variety of applications, including wall decor, museums, graphic design, digital displays, architectural interiors, and industrial flooring. We are a vertically integrated manufacturer, differentiated by our proprietary formulations and coating application processes. We sell our products under the Tru Vue®, ResinDEK®, ChromaLuxe®, RDC Coatings™, and Unisub® brands.

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Product Demand and Distribution Channels

Architectural ~~Framing Systems~~Metals, Architectural ~~Glass~~Services and Architectural ~~Services~~Glass Segments

Demand for the products and services offered by our architectural segments is not only impacted by general economic conditions, but has historically been affected by changes in the North American non-residential construction industry, which is cyclical in nature.

We look to several external indicators to analyze potential demand for our products and services, such as U.S. and Canadian job growth, office vacancy rates, credit and interest rates, architectural billing indices, and material costs. We also rely on internal indicators to analyze demand, including our sales pipeline, which is made up of contracts in review, projects awarded or committed, and bidding activity. Our sales pipeline, together with ongoing feedback, analysis and data from our customers, architects and building owners, provides ~~visibility~~information ~~into~~related to near- and ~~medium~~mid-term demand. Additionally, we evaluate data on U.S. and Canadian non-residential construction market activity, industry analysis, interest rates, and other longer-term trends provided by external data sources.

Our architectural products and services are used in subsets of the non-residential construction industry differentiated by the following factors:

•Building type - Our products and services are primarily used in commercial buildings (office buildings, hotels and retail centers), institutional buildings (education facilities, health care facilities and government buildings), transportation facilities (airports and transit terminals), and multi-family residential buildings (a subset of residential construction).

•Level of customization - Many of our projects involve a high degree of customization, as the product or service is designed or fabricated to meet customer-specified requirements for aesthetics, performance and size, and local building codes.

•Customers and distribution channels - Our customers are mainly glazing subcontractors and general contractors, with project design being influenced by architects and building owners. Our windows, curtainwall, storefront and entrance systems are sold using a combination of direct sales forces, ~~and~~ independent sales representatives, and distributors. Our installation services are sold by a direct sales force in certain metropolitan areas in the U.S and Canada. Our high-performance architectural glass is sold using both a direct sales force and independent sales representatives.

•Geographic location - We primarily supply architectural glass products and aluminum framing systems, including window, curtainwall, storefront and entrance systems, to customers in North America. We are one of only a few architectural glass installation service companies in the U.S. to have a national presence and we have the ability to provide installation project management throughout the U.S. and Canada.

~~LSO~~Performance Surfaces Segment

InDemand for our ~~LSO~~products in our Performance Surfaces Segment is impacted by general economic conditions, weincluding ~~have~~consumer aconfidence, ~~leading~~spending ~~brand~~in ofresidential improvements, as well as growth in non-residential construction. We offer value-added coated glass, acrylic, metals, and ~~acrylic~~other substrates used in the custom picture-framing market, museum market, graphic arts and decor markets, and various technical glass applications. ~~Under~~These ~~the Tru Vue brand,~~ products are sold primarily in North America under the Tru Vue, ChromaLuxe, and Unisub brands, through national and regional retail chains using a direct sales force, as well as to local retailers through an independent distribution network. Through our ResinDEK brand, we offer engineered panels used in flooring systems designed for material handling, supply chain, and self-storage applications. These products are sold through a combination of a direct sales force and third-party representatives. Our RDC Coatings brand offers coating solutions for a variety of applications, that are custom engineered to meet customer specifications. Markets for these coatings include flooring, furniture, cabinetry, and other applications. We have a global distribution network and supply our products to ~~museums, galleries and other~~ customers outside of North America, ~~including~~primarily in Europe and Asia.

Competitive Conditions

The North American non-residential construction market is highly fragmented. Competitive factors include price, product quality, product attributes and performance, reliable service, on-time delivery, lead-time, warranties, and the ability to provide project management, technical engineering and design services. To protect and improve our competitive position, we maintain strong relationships with building owners, architects, and other stakeholders who influence the selection of products and services on a project, and with general contractors, who initiate projects and develop specifications.

Architectural Framing Systems Segment

Our Architectural Framing Systems Segment competes against several national, regional, and local aluminum window and storefront manufacturers, as well as regional finishing companies. Our businesses compete by providing a broad portfolio of high-quality products, robust engineering capabilities, a vertically integrated manufacturing model, and dependable, short lead-time service.

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Architectural ~~Glass~~Metals Segment

InOur ~~our~~ Architectural ~~Glass~~Metals Segment, wecompetes ~~compete~~against ~~with~~several national, regional, ~~glass fabricators~~ and ~~international~~local ~~competitors~~aluminum ~~who~~window ~~can~~and ~~provide~~storefront ~~certain~~manufacturers, ~~products~~as ~~with~~well ~~attributes~~as ~~similar~~regional tofinishing ~~ours~~companies. WeOur ~~differentiate~~businesses compete by providing a ~~wide~~broad ~~range~~portfolio of high-quality products, ~~including~~robust ~~several~~engineering ~~proprietary offerings~~capabilities, ~~that~~a wevertically ~~can~~integrated ~~bundle~~manufacturing ~~together into customized solutions. We maintain strong relationships with architects~~model, ~~developers,~~ and ~~other industry stakeholders~~dependable, ~~and~~short ~~provide~~lead-time ~~strong customer~~ service ~~and reliable delivery~~.

Architectural Services Segment

Our Architectural Services Segment competes against international, national and regional glass installation companies. We compete by offering a robust set of capabilities at a competitive cost. Our capabilities include ~~preconstruction services,~~ engineering and design services, project management, manufacturing, and field installation. We deliver these services using an operating model that is designed to reduce costs and risk for our customers~~, and we have established a track record of regularly meeting each project's unique execution requirements~~.

~~LSO~~Architectural Glass Segment

~~Our~~In ~~LSO~~our Architectural Glass Segment, ~~competes~~we ~~primarily~~compete with ~~European,~~regional ~~U.S.,~~glass fabricators and ~~Asia~~international ~~Pacific~~competitors ~~providers~~who ofcan ~~both~~provide ~~basic~~certain ~~and~~products ~~valued-added~~with ~~glass~~attributes ~~and~~similar ~~acrylic~~to ours. ~~Our~~We ~~competitive~~differentiate ~~strengths~~by ~~include~~providing ~~innovative~~a ~~proprietary~~wider range of high-quality products, ~~and~~including ~~process~~several ~~technologies~~proprietary offerings, athat ~~highly~~we ~~automated~~can ~~manufacturing~~bundle ~~model,~~together ~~innovative~~into ~~marketing~~customized ~~programs,~~solutions. ~~strong~~We ~~customer~~work to maintain strong relationships with architects, developers, and another ~~established~~industry ~~distribution~~stakeholders, ~~network.~~and provide strong customer service and reliable delivery.

Performance Surfaces Segment

Our Performance Surfaces Segment competes primarily with European, U.S., and Asia Pacific providers of both basic and value-added glass and acrylic, and other high-performance coated substrates. Our competitive strengths include innovative proprietary products, domain expertise in coating processes and technologies, a highly automated manufacturing model, strong customer relationships, an established distribution network, and a portfolio of well-known brands.

Warranties

We offer product and service warranties that we believe are competitive for the markets in which our products and services are sold. The nature and extent of these warranties depend upon the product or service, the market and, in some cases, the customer being served. Our standard warranties are generally from two to 12 years for our curtainwall, window system, and architectural glass and certain coated products, while we generally offer warranties of two years or less on our other products and services.

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials

Materials used in the Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals ~~Systems~~ Segment include aluminum billet and extrusions, fabricated glass, plastic extrusions, hardware, paint and chemicals. Within the Architectural Services Segment, materials used include fabricated glass, finished aluminum extrusions, fabricated metal panels and hardware. Raw materials used within the Architectural Glass Segment include ~~flat~~float glass, vinyl, silicone sealants and lumber. Materials used in the ~~LSO~~Performance Surfaces Segment are ~~primarily~~float glass, acrylic, aluminum sheets, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and ~~acrylic~~certain chemicals. Most of our raw materials are readily available from a variety of domestic and international sources.

Intellectual Property

We have several patents, trademarks, trade names, trade secrets and proprietary technologies and customer relationships that we believe constitute valuable assets, but we do not regard our business as being materially dependent on any single item or category of intellectual property. We take measures that we believe to be appropriate to protect our intellectual property to the extent such intellectual property can be protected.

Seasonality
Activity in the non-residential construction industry is impacted by the seasonal impact of weather and weather events in our operating locations, with activity in some markets reduced in winter due to inclement weather.

Working Capital Requirements

Trade and contract-related receivables and other contract assets are the largest components of our working capital. Inventory requirements, mainly related to raw materials, are most significant in our Architectural ~~Framing Systems~~Metals, Architectural Glass, and ~~LSO~~Performance Surfaces Segments.

Compliance with Government Regulations

We are subject to various environmental and occupational safety and health laws and regulations in the U.S. and in other countries in which we operate. These laws and regulations relate to, among other things, our use and storage of hazardous materials in our manufacturing operations and associated air emissions and discharges to surface and underground waters. We have several continuing programs designed to ensure compliance with foreign, federal, state and local environmental and occupational safety and health laws and regulations. We contract with outside vendors to collect and dispose of waste at our production facilities in compliance with applicable environmental laws. In addition, we have procedures in place that enable us to properly manage the regulated materials used in and wastes created by our manufacturing processes. We believe we are currently in ~~material~~ compliance with all such laws and regulations.

Sustainability Focus

As a leading provider of architectural products and services, we are committed to integrating sustainable business practices and environmental stewardship throughout our business. Our company-wide commitment to sustainable business practices is focused on delivering long-term profitable growth while carefully stewarding the resources entrusted to us, and delivering products and services that address our customers’ increased focus on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas reductions.

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Supporting Sustainability

We are committed to integrating sustainable business practices and environmental stewardship throughout our business. Our company-wide commitment to sustainable business practices is focused on delivering long-term profitable growth while carefully stewarding the resources entrusted to us, and delivering products and services that address our customers’ increased focus on energy efficiency, greenhouse gas reductions, and other performance requirements.

Our architectural products and services are key enablers of green building and sustainable design. We have long been at the forefront of developing innovative products and services that conserve resources and help architects and building owners achieve their sustainability goals, such as attaining Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certifications. Our high-performance thermal framing systems, energy-efficient architectural glass, and other products are designed to help improve building energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase security and comfort for building occupants. Our products are made primarily with glass and aluminum components, which are recyclable at the end of their useful lives. In addition, many of our framing products can be specified with recycled aluminum content.

Our commitment to sustainable business practices and environmental stewardship also extends to our own operations, including incorporating environmentally sustainable manufacturing processes, eliminating waste, and minimizing our resource consumption. During fiscal 2024, we calculated and publicly disclosed our baseline Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions, along with data on enterprise-wide energy consumption. We plan to use this data to evaluate new opportunities for reducing our emissions and energy use.

Human Capital Resources

We had approximately 4,~~400~~500 employees on March 21, ~~2024~~2025, ~~down~~up from 4,~~900~~400 employees on ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, of which 78% are male and 22% are female. As of March 21, ~~2024~~2025, approximately ~~367~~351, or approximately 8%, of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.

Based on the most recent information available from our latest filing with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, our U.S employees had the following race and ethnicity demographics:

Employee Demographic						Percent of Total
White						66%
Hispanic / Latinx						1920%
Black / African American						87%
Asian						5%
Multiracial, Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander						2%

Competition for qualified employees in the markets and industries in which we operate is significant, and our success depends on the ability to attract, select, develop and retain a productive and engaged workforce. Investing in our employees and their well-being, offering competitive compensation and benefits, promoting diversity and inclusion, and adopting positive human capital management practices are critical components of our corporate strategy.

Health, Wellness and Safety

The safety of our employees is integral to our Company. Providing a safe and secure work environment is one of our highest priorities and we devote significant time and resources to workplace safety. Our safety programs are designed to comply with stringent regulatory requirements and to meet or exceed best practices in our industry. This commitment requires focus and dedication to fundamental aspects of our business to minimize the risk of accidents, injury, and exposure to health hazards.

In fiscal ~~2024~~2025, we ~~adopted~~continued anto improve our enterprise-wide health and safety program towhich ~~build~~centralizes ~~centralized~~ oversight of workplace safety and to actively ~~share~~shares best practices across our business. Our Apogee Safety Council meets regularly to review facility-level performance, maintain our policies, and provide short and long-term plans to achieve our ambition of achieving an incident rate of zero.

We utilize a safety culture assessment process along with safety compliance audits to monitor safety programs within our businesses and regularly share best practices. These annual assessments and audits provide suggestions for continuous improvement in safety programs and measure employee engagement. In addition, the programs encourage the development of a proactive, inter-dependent safety culture in which leadership and employees interact to ensure safety is viewed as everyone’s responsibility. Our leadership team and Board of Directors are briefed regularly on our health and safety performance metrics.

We offer comprehensive health and wellness programs for our employees. In addition to standard health programs, including medical insurance and preventive care, we have a variety of resources available to employees relating to physical and mental wellness. We also conduct employee engagement surveys at the site level annually to hear directly from our employees with respect to what we are doing well, in addition to areas where they may need additional support.

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Diversity, ~~Equity~~ and ~~Inclusion~~Equal Opportunity

~~Our~~We ~~diversity,~~strive ~~equity~~to ~~and~~promote ~~inclusion program promotes~~ a workplace where each employee’s abilities are recognized, respected, and utilized to further our goals. Our aim is to create an environment where people feel included as a part of a team because of their diversity of outlooks, perspectives, and characteristics, and have an equal opportunity to add value to our Company. We ~~strive~~work to create a culture of inclusion, reduce bias in our talent practices, and invest in and engage with our communities. We conduct diversity and Code of Business Ethics and Conduct trainings with employees and managers annually to define our expectations on creating an inclusive and diverse workplace, where all individuals feel respected and part of a team regardless of their race, national origin, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity.

Talent Management and Development

Our talent management program is focused on developing employees and leaders to meet our evolving needs. Employees are able to track and manage their growth through a performance management system and managers actively engage with their employees to provide coaching and feedback, identify training and development opportunities to improve performance in the employee’s current role, and to position the employee for future growth. Training and development opportunities include new-hire training, job specific training, stretch assignments, and safety training. We also offer leadership development opportunities, along with technical training for engineers, designers and sales staff. In addition, we offer an education assistance program in which certain eligible employees receive tuition reimbursement to help defray the costs associated with their continuing education. Our executive leadership and Human Resources teams regularly conduct talent reviews and succession planning to assist with meeting critical talent and leadership needs.

International Sales

Information regarding export and international sales is included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, within Note 1516 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Available Information

Our internet address is www.apog.com. Through a link to a third-party content provider, our website provides free access to our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as soon as reasonably practicable after electronic filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These reports are also available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Also available on our website are various corporate governance documents, including our Code of Business Ethics and Conduct, Corporate Governance Guidelines, and charters for the Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees of the Board of Directors. (the Board).

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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Name

Age

Positions with Apogee Enterprises and Past Experience

Ty R. Silberhorn

5657

Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Company since January 2021. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Silberhorn worked for 3M, a diversified global manufacturer and technology company, most recently serving as Senior Vice President of 3M's Transformation, Technologies and Services from April 2019 through December 2020. Prior to this position and since 2001, he held several 3M global business unit leadership roles, serving as Vice President and General Manager for divisions within Safety & Industrial, Transportation & Electronics, and the Consumer business groups.

Matt Osberg

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company since April 2023. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Osberg served as Chief Financial Officer at Helen of Troy Limited, a global consumer products company. Previously, Mr. Osberg worked in finance roles at Best Buy Co., Inc. and Ernst & Young LLP.

Matthew Osberg

Curtis Dobler

Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since April 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Dobler served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer at Associated Materials, Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of exterior residential building products, from 2015 through 2019.

Raelyn Trende

Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer since July 2024. Ms. Trende joined the Company from Medtronic where she served as Vice President of Global Talent Acquisition, Human Resources Technology, Analytics, and Project Management Office. Prior to Medtronic, Ms. Trende was Senior Vice President of Human Resources for OptumHealth, a subsidiary of UnitedHealth Group. In addition, Ms. Trende served in several human resources leadership roles at Target Corporation and Cargill.

Meghan M. Elliott

4748

Vice President, ~~General~~Chief ~~Counsel~~Legal Officer, and Secretary of the Company since June 2020. Prior to this role, Ms. Elliott served as Assistant General Counsel for the Company since 2014. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Elliott was a partner with Lindquist & Vennum, PLLP (n/k/a Ballard Spahr LLP).

Brent C. Jewell

President of Apogee's Architectural Glass Segment since October 2023. Prior to this role, Mr. Jewell served as President of Apogee's Architectural Framing Systems segment from August 2019 to October 2023, and as Senior Vice President, Business Development and Strategy for the Company from May 2018 to August 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Jewell served in multiple Senior leadership positions at Valspar, a developer, manufacturer and distributor of paints and coatings, from 2010 to 2017.

Nick C. Longman

President of Apogee's Architectural Metals Segment since October 2023. Prior to this role, Mr. Longman served as President of Apogee's Architectural Glass segment from June 2021 to October 2023. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Longman served as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer for Harvey Building Products, a manufacturer of windows, doors and accessory products, from March 2018 to November 2020 and in various functional and business leadership roles at Colfax Fluid Handling, a diversified technology company, from 2012 to 2018.

Troy R. Johnson

5051

President of Apogee’s Architectural Services Segment since March 2020. Prior to this role, Mr. Johnson served in several leadership roles in the Architectural Services ~~segment since 2011~~Segment.

Nick C. Longman

President of Apogee's Architectural Framing Systems Segment since October 2023. Prior to this role, Mr. Longman served as President of Apogee's Architectural Glass segment from June 2021 to October 2023. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Longman served as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer for Harvey Building Products, a manufacturer of windows, doors and accessory products, from March 2018 to November 2020 and in various functional and business leadership roles at Colfax Fluid Handling, a diversified technology company, from 2012 to 2018.

Brent C. Jewell

President of Apogee's Architectural Glass Segment since October 2023. Prior to this role, Mr. Jewell served as President of Apogee's Architectural Metals Segment from August 2019 to October 2023, and as Senior Vice President, Business Development and Strategy for the Company from May 2018 to August 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Jewell served in multiple Senior leadership positions at Valspar, a developer, manufacturer and distributor of paints and coatings, from 2010 to 2017.

Jane Boyce

President of Apogee’s Large-Scale Optical Segment since February 2006. Prior to joining Apogee, Ms. Boyce held general management and marketing leadership roles in consumer packaged goods companies including North American General Manager and Vice President of Marketing for Equal Sweetener (Merisant) and marketing roles with United Signature Foods, Quaker Oats and Kraft Foods.

Veena Lakkundi

President of Apogee’s Performance Surfaces Segment since January 2025. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Lakkundi served as Senior Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development at Rockwell Automation, a global leader in industrial automation and digital transformation. Previously, Ms. Lakkundi served at Senior Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer at 3M Company along with other key leadership positions across 3M.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business faces many risks. Any of the risks discussed below, or elsewhere in this Form 10-K or our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Market and Industry Risks

North American and global economic and industry-related business conditions materially adversely affect our sales and results of operations

~~Our~~ Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals, ~~Systems~~Architectural Services, Architectural Glass, and ~~Architectural~~a ~~Services~~portion ~~Segments~~of our Performance Surfaces Segment are influenced by North American economic conditions and the cyclical nature of the North American non-residential construction industry. The non-residential construction industry is impacted by macroeconomic trends, such as availability of credit, employment levels, consumer confidence, interest rates and commodity prices. In addition, changes in architectural design trends, demographic trends, and/or remote work trends could impact demand for our products and services. To the extent changes in these factors negatively impact the overall non-residential construction industry, our business, operating results and financial condition could be significantly adversely impacted.

~~Our~~A ~~LSO~~significant portion of our Performance Surfaces Segment primarily depends on the strength of the U.S. retail custom picture framing industry. This industry is heavily influenced by consumer confidence and the conditions of the U.S. economy. A decline in consumer confidence, whether as a result of an economic slowdown, uncertainty regarding the future or other factors, could materially and adversely reflect the operating results of the segment.

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decline in consumer confidence, whether as a result of an economic slowdown, uncertainty regarding the future or other factors, could materially and adversely reflect the operating results of the segment.

Global instability and uncertainty arising from events outside of our control, such as significant natural disasters, political crises, public health crises, and/or other catastrophic events could materially adversely affect our results of operations

Natural disasters, political crises, public health crises, and other catastrophic events or other events outside of our control, may negatively impact our facilities or the facilities of third parties on which we depend, have broader adverse impacts on the non-residential construction market, consumer confidence and spending, and/or impact both the well-being of our employees and our ability to operate our facilities. These types of disruptions or other events outside of our control could affect our business negatively, cause delays or cancellation of non-residential construction projects or cause us to temporarily close our facilities, harming our operating results. In addition, if any of our facilities, including our manufacturing, finishing or distribution facilities, or the facilities of our suppliers, third-party service providers, or customers, is affected by natural disasters, political crises, public health crises, or other catastrophic events or events outside of our control, our business and operating results could be materially impacted.

New competitors or specific actions of our existing competitors could materially harm our business

We operate in competitive industries in which the actions of our existing competitors or new competitors could result in loss of customers and/or market share. Changes in our competitors' products, prices or services could negatively impact our share of demand and our operating results.

Our ~~LSO~~customer ~~Segment~~concentration ~~competes~~in ~~with~~the ~~several~~Performance ~~specialty~~Surfaces ~~glass~~Segment ~~manufacturers~~creates ~~and~~a ~~acrylic~~significant ~~suppliers.~~risk Iffor ~~these competitors are able to successfully improve their~~ product ~~attributes,~~sale ~~service capabilities and production capacity and/or improve their sales and marketing focus within the markets we serve, this segment's operating results could be negatively impacted.~~ declines

~~Our~~The ~~customer~~Performance ~~concentration~~Surfaces Segment is highly dependent on a relatively small number of customers for its sales, while working to grow in ~~the~~new ~~LSO~~markets ~~Segment~~and ~~creates~~with new customers. Accordingly, loss of a significant ~~risk~~customer, or a significant reduction in pricing for ~~product~~one ~~sale~~or ~~declines~~more of those customers could materially reduce the segment's operating results.

The LSO Segment is highly dependent on a relatively small number of customers for its sales, while working to grow in new markets and with new customers. Accordingly, loss of a significant customer, a significant reduction in pricing, or a shift to a less favorable mix of value-added picture framing glass or acrylic products for one or more of those customers could materially reduce the segment's operating results.

Strategic Risks

We could be unable to effectively manage and implement our enterprise strategy, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations

Our strategy includes differentiating our product and service offerings, shifting our business mix toward higher growth and operating margin products and services, ~~and~~driving higher return on invested capital performance, and moving ~~away~~to ~~from~~a ~~our~~more ~~historical,~~centralized ~~decentralized~~ operating model. Execution of this strategy ~~will~~ require additional investments of time and resources and could fail to achieve the desired results. For example, we may be unable to increase our sales and earnings by differentiating our product and service offerings in a cost-effective manner. We may fail to accurately predict future customer needs and preferences, and thus focus on the wrong business mix. Our centralized operating system may not produce the desired operating efficiencies.

Risks related to acquisitions, divestitures and restructuring programs could adversely affect our operating results

We continue to look for strategic business opportunities to drive long-term growth and operating efficiencies, which may include acquisitions, divestitures and/or restructuring plans. We frequently evaluate our brand and product portfolios and may consider acquisitions that complement our business or divestitures of businesses that we no longer believe to be an appropriate strategic fit. ~~We have initiated, and may initiate in the future, restructuring plans to achieve strategic objectives and improve financial results.~~

As we consider and execute ~~future~~ acquisitions, we may incur risks in integrating operations, technologies, products, and employees; we may fail to realize expected revenue growth and cost synergies from integration initiatives; we would likely increase debt levels to finance ~~the~~an acquisition; we may not fully anticipate changes in cash flows or other market-based assumptions or conditions that cause the value of acquired assets to fall below book value, requiring impairment of intangible assets including goodwill; we may ~~subsequently~~ identify contingent liabilities subsequent to closing an acquisition; and we may be entering markets in which we have no or limited experience.

As we consider and execute future divestitures, we may be exposed to risks associated towith our ability to find appropriate buyers; difficulties in executing transactions on favorable terms; separating divested business operations with minimal impact to our remaining operations; incur write-offs and impairment charges; and we may have challenges effectively managing any transition service arrangements.

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As we consider and execute restructuring plans, we may be exposed to risks associated with successfully completing the initiative in a timely manner, or at all; advancing our business strategy as expected; accurately predicting costs; realizing anticipated cost savings, efficiencies, synergies, financial targets and other benefits; and we may experience the loss of key employees and/or reduced employee morale and productivity.

Any acquisition, divestiture or restructuring plan, if not favorably executed by management, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and/or financial condition.

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Operational Risks

Loss of key personnel and inability to source sufficient labor could adversely affect our operating results

The loss of our CEO or any of our key senior executives could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition, particularly if we are unable to hire and integrate suitable replacements on a timely basis. Further, as ~~we continue to grow~~ our business evolves, we ~~will~~may ~~continue~~have tochanges ~~adjust~~in our senior management team. If we are unable to attract or retain the right individuals for the team, it could hinder our ability to efficiently execute our business, and could disrupt our operations or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business.

Additionally, an important aspect of our success depends on the skills of construction project managers and other key technical personnel, and our ability to secure sufficient manufacturing and installation labor. In recent years, ~~strong residential and non-residential construction and~~ low U.S. unemployment ~~have~~has caused increased competition for experienced construction project managers and other labor. If we are unable to retain existing employees, provide a safe and healthy working environment, and/or recruit and train additional employees with the requisite skills and experience, our operating results could be adversely impacted.

Continuing inflation may negatively impact our profitability.

Rising inflation, interest rates, and construction costs, or any one of them, could reduce the demand for our products and services and impact our profitability. Higher interest rates make it more expensive for our customers to finance construction projects, and as a result, may reduce the number of projects available to us and the demand for our products and services, and also increase the interest expenses associated with our borrowings. Cost inflation, including significant cost increases for freight, aluminum, glass, paint and other materials used in our operations, has impacted, and could continue to impact, our profitability. Furthermore, in some of our segments, we operate on contracts wherein we bear part or all of the risk of inflation on materials costs and the cost of installation services. Our ability to mitigate these costs, or recover the cost increases through price increases, may lag the cost increases, which could negatively impact our margins.

If we are unable to manage our supply and distribution chains effectively our results of operations will be negatively affected

Our Architectural ~~Framing~~Metal ~~Systems~~ and Architectural Services Segments use aluminum as a significant input to their products. ~~and~~Our ~~our~~ operating results in those two segments could be negatively impacted by supply chain disruptions and adverse price movements in the market for raw aluminum. In recent years, we have seen increased volatility in the price of aluminum that we purchase from both domestic and international sources. Due to our Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals ~~Systems~~ and Architectural Services Segments presence in Canada, we have significant cross-border activity, as our Canadian businesses purchase inputs from U.S.-based suppliers and sell to U.S.-based customers. A significant change in U.S. trade policy with Canada could, therefore, have an adverse impact on our operating results.

Our Architectural Glass and ~~LSO~~Performance Surfaces Segments use raw glass as a significant input to their products. WeIncreases ~~periodically~~in ~~experience~~demand afor ~~tighter supply of~~ raw glass ~~when~~may ~~there~~lead isto ~~growth~~lower insupply ~~automotive~~or ~~manufacturing~~higher ~~and~~costs ~~residential~~to ~~and non-residential construction~~acquire. Failure to acquire a sufficient ~~amount~~supply of raw glass on terms as favorable as current terms, ~~including as a result of a significant unplanned downtime or shift in strategy at one or more of our key suppliers,~~ could negatively impact our operating results.

Our suppliers are subject to the fluctuations in general economic cycles. Global economic conditions and trade policies may impact their ability to operate their businesses. They may also be impacted by the increasing costs or availability of raw materials, labor and distribution, resulting in demands for less attractive contract terms or an inability for them to meet our requirements or conduct their own businesses. The performance and financial condition of one or more suppliers may cause us to alter our business terms or to cease doing business with a particular supplier or suppliers, or change our sourcing practices generally, which could in turn adversely affect our business and financial condition. If we encounter problems with distribution, our ability to deliver our products to market could be adversely affected. Our operations are vulnerable to interruptions in the event of work stoppages, whether due to public health concerns, labor disputes or shortages, and natural disasters that may affect our distribution and transportation to job sites. Moreover, our distribution system includes computer-controlled and automated equipment, which may be subject to a number of risks related to data and system security or computer viruses, the proper operation of software and hardware, power interruptions or other system failures. If we encounter problems with our distribution systems, our ability to meet customer and consumer expectations, manage inventory, manage transportation-related costs, complete sales and achieve operating efficiencies could be adversely affected.

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If we encounter problems with distribution, our ability to deliver our products to market could be adversely affected. Our operations are vulnerable to interruptions in the event of work stoppages, whether due to public health concerns, labor disputes or shortages, and natural disasters that may affect our distribution and transportation to job sites. Moreover, our distribution system includes computer-controlled and automated equipment, which may be subject to a number of risks related to data and system security or computer viruses, the proper operation of software and hardware, power interruptions or other system failures. If we encounter problems with our distribution systems, our ability to meet customer and consumer expectations, manage inventory, manage transportation-related costs, complete sales and achieve operating efficiencies could be adversely affected.

Project management and installation issues could adversely affect our operating results

Some of our segments are occasionally awarded fixed-price contracts that do not include ~~material~~escalation ~~supply~~clauses on material and ~~installation~~labor ~~services~~costs. ~~Often,~~These bids are required before all aspects of a construction project are known. An underestimate in the amount of labor required and/or cost of materials for a project; a change in the timing of the delivery of product; system design errors; difficulties or errors in execution; or significant project delays, caused by us or other trades, could result in failure to achieve the expected results. Any one or more of such issues could result in losses on individual contracts that could negatively impact our operating results.

Difficulties in maintaining our information technology systems, and potential cybersecurity threats, could negatively affect our operating results and/or our reputation

Our operations are dependent upon various information technology systems that are used to process, transmit and store electronic information and data, and to manage or support our manufacturing operations and a variety of other business processes and activities, some of which are managed by third parties. We could encounter difficulties in maintaining our existing systems, developing and implementing new systems, or integrating information technology systems across our business units. Such difficulties could lead to disruption in business operations and/or significant additional expenses that could adversely affect our results.

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Additionally, our information technology and Internet based systems, and those of our third-party service providers, are subject to disruption and data loss due to natural disasters, power losses, unauthorized access, telecommunication failures and cyber-attacks of increasing frequency and sophistication. These systems have in the past been, and may in the future be, subject to cyber-attacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access, breach, damage, disrupt or otherwise compromise such systems, none of which have been material to us in the last three fiscal years. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our reputation and could result in the compromise of confidential information, litigation, manipulation and loss of data and intellectual property, regulatory action, production downtimes, disruption in availability of financial data, misrepresentation of information via digital media, and increased costs and operational consequences of implementing further data protection systems.

Our security measures may also be breached in the future as a result of employee error, failure to implement appropriate processes and procedures, advances in computer and software capabilities and encryption technology, new tools and discoveries, malfeasance, third-party action, including cyber-attacks or other international misconduct by computer hackers or otherwise. Additionally, we may have heightened cybersecurity, information security and operational risks as a result of work-from-home arrangements. Our workforce operates with a combination of remote work and flexible work schedules opening us up for cybersecurity threats and potential breaches as a result of increased employee usage of networks other than company-managed networks. This could result in one or more third-parties obtaining unauthorized access to our customer or supplier data or our internal data, including personally identifiable information, intellectual property and other confidential business information. Third-parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information in order to gain access to customer or supplier data or our internal data, including intellectual property, financial, and other confidential business information.

We believe our mitigation measures reduce, but cannot eliminate, the risk of a cyber incident; however, there can be no assurance that our existing and planned precautions of backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols and other procedures will be adequate to prevent significant damage, system failure or data loss and the same is true for our partners, vendors and other third parties on which we rely. While we maintain cybersecurity insurance, the costs related to cybersecurity threats or disruptions may not be fully insured. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigation measures. Though it is difficult to determine what harm may directly result from any specific interruption or breach, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our network infrastructure or otherwise maintain the confidentiality, security, and integrity of data that we store or otherwise maintain on behalf of third-parties may harm our reputation and our employee and customer relationships. If such unauthorized disclosure or access does occur, we may be required to notify our customers, employees or those persons whose information was improperly used, disclosed or accessed. We may also be subject to claims of breach of contract for such use or disclosure, investigation and penalties by regulatory authorities and potential claims by persons whose information was improperly used or disclosed. We could also become the subject of regulatory action or litigation from our customers, employees, suppliers, service providers, and shareholders, which could damage our reputation, require significant expenditures of capital and other resources, and cause us to lose business. Additionally, an unauthorized disclosure or use of information could cause interruptions in our operations and might require us to spend significant management time and other resources investigating the event and dealing with local and federal law enforcement. Regardless of the merits and ultimate outcome of these matters, we may be required to devote time and expense to their resolution.

In addition, the number of data security incidents has increased regulatory and industry focus on security requirements and heightened data security industry practices. New regulation, evolving industry standards, and the interpretation of both, may cause us to incur additional expense in complying with any new data security requirements. As a result, the failure to maintain the integrity of and protect customer or supplier data or our confidential internal data could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Legislative, Regulatory and Tax Risks

Changes in trade policies may result in increased costs and could adversely affect our operating results

The impact of geopolitical tensions, including the potential implementation of more restrictive trade policies, higher tariffs or the renegotiation of existing trade agreements in the U.S. or countries where we sell our products and services or procure products, could have a material adverse effect on our business. In particular, political or trade disputes, or future phases of trade negotiations with Canada that could lead to the imposition of tariffs or other trade actions could require us to take action to mitigate those effects. We may be unable to pass through additional tariff costs to our customers through price increases, and may be unable to secure adequate alternative sources of supply. Our inability to offset higher tariff costs could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, profitability, customer relationships and future cash flow.

Violations of legal and regulatory compliance requirements, including environmental laws, and changes in existing legal and regulatory requirements, may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations

We are subject to a legal and regulatory framework imposed under federal and state laws and regulatory agencies, including

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Welaws ~~believe~~and ~~our~~regulations ~~mitigation measures reduce, but cannot eliminate, the risk of a cyber incident; however, there can be no assurance~~ that ~~our~~apply ~~existing~~specifically ~~and planned precautions of backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols and other procedures will be adequate~~ to ~~prevent~~U.S. ~~significant~~public ~~damage,~~companies ~~system failure or data loss~~ and ~~the~~laws ~~same is true for our partners, vendors~~ and ~~other~~regulations ~~third~~applicable ~~parties on which we rely. Because techniques used~~ to ~~obtain~~our ~~unauthorized~~manufacturing ~~access or sabotage systems change frequently~~ and ~~generally~~construction ~~are~~site ~~not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigation measures~~operations. ~~Though~~Our itefforts ~~is difficult~~ to ~~determine~~comply ~~what~~with ~~harm~~evolving ~~may directly result from any specific interruption or breach~~laws, ~~any failure to maintain performance~~regulations, ~~reliability, security~~ and ~~availability~~reporting ~~of our network infrastructure or otherwise maintain the confidentiality~~standards, ~~security,~~including ~~and integrity of data that we store or otherwise maintain on behalf of third~~climate-~~parties~~related regulations, may ~~harm~~increase our ~~reputation~~general and ~~our~~administrative ~~employee~~expenses, ~~and~~divert ~~customer~~management ~~relationships.~~time Ifand ~~such~~attention, ~~unauthorized disclosure~~ or ~~access~~limit ~~does occur, we may be required to notify~~ our ~~customers,~~operational ~~employees or those persons whose information was improperly used~~flexibility, ~~disclosed~~all ~~or accessed. We may also be subject to claims~~ of ~~breach~~which ~~of contract for such use or disclosure, investigation and penalties by regulatory authorities and potential claims by persons whose information was improperly used or disclosed. We~~ could ~~also~~have ~~become~~a ~~the~~material ~~subject~~adverse ofeffect ~~regulatory~~on ~~action or litigation from~~ our ~~customers~~business, ~~employees,~~financial ~~suppliers~~position, ~~service providers,~~ and ~~shareholders,~~results ~~which~~of ~~could~~operations. ~~damage~~Additionally, ~~our~~new ~~reputation~~laws, ~~require~~rules, ~~significant expenditures of capital~~ and ~~other resources~~regulations, ~~and~~or ~~cause~~changes us to ~~lose~~existing ~~business.~~laws ~~Additionally, an unauthorized disclosure~~ or ~~use~~their ofinterpretations, ~~information~~ could ~~cause~~create ~~interruptions~~added inlegal ~~our operations~~ and ~~might~~compliance ~~require~~costs ~~us to spend significant management time~~ and ~~other~~uncertainty ~~resources~~for ~~investigating the event and dealing with local and federal law enforcement~~us. ~~Regardless of the merits and ultimate outcome of these matters, we may be required to devote time and expense to their resolution.~~

In addition, the increase in the number and the scope of data security incidents has increased regulatory and industry focus on security requirements and heightened data security industry practices. New regulation, evolving industry standards, and the interpretation of both, may cause us to incur additional expense in complying with any new data security requirements. As a result, the failure to maintain the integrity of and protect customer or supplier data or our confidential internal data could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Legal, Regulatory and Tax Risks

We are subject to a legal and regulatory framework imposed under federal and state laws and regulatory agencies, including laws and regulations that apply specifically to U.S. public companies and laws and regulations applicable to our manufacturing and construction site operations. Our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and reporting standards, including climate-related regulations, may increase our general and administrative expenses, divert management time and attention, or limit our operational flexibility, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations. Additionally, new laws, rules, and regulations, or changes to existing laws or their interpretations, could create added legal and compliance costs and uncertainty for us.

We use hazardous materials in our manufacturing operations, and have air and water emissions that require controls. Accordingly, we are also subject to federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations, including those governing the storage and use of hazardous materials and disposal of wastes. A violation of such laws and regulations, or a release of such substances, may expose us to various claims, including claims by third parties, as well as remediation costs and fines.

Product quality issues and product liability claims could adversely affect our operating results

We manufacture and/or install a significant portion of our products based on the specific requirements of each customer. We believe that future orders of our products or services will depend on our ability to maintain the performance, reliability, quality and timely delivery standards required by our customers. We have in the past, and are currently, subject to product liability and warranty claims, including certain legal claims related to a commercial sealant product formerly incorporated into our products, and there is no certainty we will prevail on these claims. If our products have performance, reliability or quality problems, or products are installed using incompatible glazing materials or installed improperly (by us or a customer), we may experience additional warranty and other expenses; reduced or canceled orders; higher manufacturing or installation costs; or delays in the collection of accounts receivable. Additionally, product liability and warranty claims, including relating to the performance, reliability or quality of our products and services, could result in costly and time-consuming litigation that could require significant time and attention of management and involve significant monetary damages that could negatively impact our operating results. There is also no assurance that the number and value of product liability and warranty claims will not increase as compared to historical claim rates, or that our warranty reserve at any particular time is sufficient. No assurance can be given that coverage under insurance policies, if applicable, will be adequate to cover future product liability claims against us. If we are unable to recover on insurance claims, in whole or in part, or if we exhaust our available insurance coverage at some point in the future, then we might be forced to expend our own funds on legal fees and settlement or judgment costs, which could negatively impact our profitability, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

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Potential future tariffs may result in increased costs and could adversely affect the Company’s operating results

We utilize certain aluminum products in our manufacturing processes. Tariffs imposed in the U.S. or other countries on these aluminum products imported into the U.S. could result in increased costs and a decreased available supply. We may be unable to pass price increases on to our customers and may be unable to secure adequate alternative sources. The tariffs, and our inability to offset them with higher pricing, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our judgments regarding the accounting for tax positions and the resolution of tax disputes, as well as any changes in tax legislation may impact our net earnings and cash flow

Significant judgment is required to determine our effective tax rate and evaluate our tax positions. We provide for uncertain tax positions when such tax positions do not meet the recognition thresholds or measurement criteria prescribed by applicable accounting standards. Fluctuations in federal, state, local and foreign taxes or a change to uncertain tax positions, including related interest and penalties, may impact our effective tax rate and financial results. Additionally, we are subject to audits in the various taxing jurisdictions in which we conduct business. In cases where audits are conducted and issues are raised, a number of years may elapse before such issues are finally resolved. Unfavorable resolution of any tax matter could increase the effective tax rate, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results and cash flow. The impact of future tax legislation in the U.S. or abroad is always uncertain. Changes in such laws could adversely impact our effective income tax rate.

Financial Risks

Results can differ significantly from our expectations and the expectations of analysts, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock

From time to time, we may provide financial projections to our shareholders, lenders, investment community, and other stakeholders. Our projections are based on management’s best estimate utilizing prevailing business and economic conditions as well as other relevant information available at the time. These projections are highly subjective and are based upon a variety of factors that could change materially over time. As a result, our future actual results could vary materially from our projections which could have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock.

Changes in macroeconomic factors may negatively impact our profitability

Rising interest rates, inflation, and higher input costs, could reduce the demand for our products and services and impact our profitability. Higher interest rates make it more expensive for our customers to finance construction projects, and as a result, may reduce the number of projects available to us and the demand for our products and services, and also increase the interest expenses associated with our borrowings. Cost inflation, including significant cost increases for freight, aluminum, glass, paint, wood-based and other materials used in our operations, has impacted, and could continue to impact, our profitability. Furthermore, in some of our segments, we operate on contracts wherein we bear part or all of the risk of inflation on materials costs and the cost of installation services. Our ability to mitigate these costs, or recover the cost increases through price increases, may lag the cost increases, which could negatively impact our margins.

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We may experience further impairment of our goodwill, indefinite- and definite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets, in the future, which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations

Our assets include a significant amount of goodwill, indefinite- and definite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets. We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit may not be recoverable. We evaluate definite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets for impairment if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of impairment involves significant judgment and projections about future performance.

Based on our annual impairment valuation analysis performed in the fourth quarter of fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~there~~we ~~was~~incurred no$7.6 ~~impairment~~million of ~~goodwill~~pre-tax orimpairment ~~indefinite~~charges ~~and~~related ~~definite~~to indefinite-lived intangibles ~~identified~~in the Architectural Metals Segment as a result of strategic branding changes. AsAdditionally, as a result of a publicly announced restructuring plan in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we incurred $6.2 million of pre-tax impairment charges related to property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets.

The discounted cash flow projections and revenue projections used in our annual impairment valuation analysis are dependent upon achieving forecasted levels of revenue and profitability. If revenue or profitability were to fall below forecasted levels, or if market conditions were to decline in a material or sustained manner, impairment could be indicated and we could incur a non-cash impairment expense that would negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could adversely impact our ability to timely and accurately report financial results and comply with our reporting obligations, which could materially affect our business

Regardless of how internal financial reporting control systems are designed, implemented, and enforced, they cannot ensure with absolute certainty that our internal control objectives will be met in every instance. Because of the inherent limitations of all such systems, our internal controls over financial reporting may not always prevent or detect misstatements. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our ability to accurately and timely report financial results, to prevent or detect fraud, or to comply with the requirements of the SEC or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which could necessitate a restatement of our financial statements, and/or result in an investigation, or the imposition of sanctions, by regulators. Such failure could additionally expose us to litigation and/or reputational harm, impair our ability to obtain financing, or increase the cost of any financing we obtain. All of these impacts could adversely affect the price of our common stock and our business overall.

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Our liquidity or cost of capital may be materially adversely affected by constraints or changes in the capital and credit markets, interest rates and limitations under our financing arrangements

We need sufficient sources of liquidity to fund our working capital requirements, service our outstanding indebtedness and finance business opportunities. Without sufficient liquidity, we could be forced to curtail our operations, or we may not be able to pursue business opportunities. The principal sources of our liquidity are funds generated from operating activities, available cash, credit facilities, and other debt arrangements. If our sources of liquidity do not satisfy our requirements, we may need to seek additional financing. The future availability of financing will depend on a variety of factors, such as economic and market conditions, the regulatory environment for banks and other financial institutions, the availability of credit and our reputation with potential lenders. These factors could materially adversely affect our liquidity, costs of borrowing and our ability to pursue business opportunities or grow our business.. We may also assume or incur additional debt, including secured debt, in the future in connection with, or to fund, future acquisitions or for other operating needs.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

We recognize the critical importance of maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our information systems and data, and of effectively, assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity and related risks. Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our Enterprise Risk Management framework and utilizes a holistic approach to addressing cybersecurity risk,. ~~and~~It it is supported by our employees, cybersecurity team, senior management, the Enterprise Risk Management committee, ~~(a committee comprised of primary corporate functions)~~ and our Board of Directors (Board). The underlying controls for the ~~cyber~~cybersecurity risk management program are based on recognized best practices and standards for cybersecurity and information technology, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology ~~(NIST)~~ and the Center for Internet Security Benchmark ~~(CIS)~~.

Our ~~cyber~~cybersecurity risk management program includes an incident response plan for evaluation, response and reporting of cybersecurity incidents, including notification of the Board and third parties, as appropriate. Under the plan, a Cybersecurity Intake Team (CIT), which is comprised of the Chief Information Officer (CIO), Senior Director of Information Security (SDIS) and other executive management, is responsible for a materiality assessment of cybersecurity incidents, taking into consideration both quantitative and qualitative factors, and subject to ongoing monitoring and escalation based on materiality.

Third party vendors and suppliers also play a role in our cyber risk management program. In circumstances where such third parties will access our systems and data, our SDIS participates in the vendor management process, including the review of contractual requirements and contractually imposing obligations on the vendor to report cybersecurity incidents to us so that we can assess the impact.16

InTable ~~addition~~of ~~to the incident response plan and vendor management process, our cyber risk management program includes:~~Contents

Intake Team, which is comprised of the Chief Information Officer (CIO), Senior Director of Information Security (SDIS) and other executive management, is responsible for a materiality assessment of cybersecurity incidents, taking into consideration both quantitative and qualitative factors, and subject to ongoing monitoring and escalation based on materiality.

Third party vendors and suppliers also play a role in our cybersecurity risk management program. In circumstances where such third parties will access our systems and data, our SDIS participates in the vendor management process, including the review of contractual requirements and contractually imposing obligations on the vendor to report cybersecurity incidents to us so that we can assess the impact.

In addition to the incident response plan and vendor management process, our cybersecurity risk management program includes:

•an information technology and cybersecurity training program, and ongoing employee testing to evaluate the effectiveness of quarterly internal training and awareness communications;

•external advisors to assist with cybersecurity risk assessment, including third-party monitoring of the Company's systems, external network penetration testing, and yearly cyber event preparedness exercises;

•development of strategies to mitigate cyber risks; and,

•crisis management, business continuity, and disaster recovery plans.

We have not encountered cybersecurity incidents or identified risks from cybersecurity threats that have had a material adverse effect or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our business strategy, operations or financial ~~standing~~condition.

Notwithstanding the efforts we take to manage our cybersecurity risk, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us. While the Company maintains cybersecurity insurance, the costs related to cybersecurity threats or disruptions may not be fully insured. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.

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Governance

Management's Role in Managing Risk

Within our organization, our CIO, who reports to our CEO, oversees ~~our~~ cybersecurity ~~function~~. Our SDIS reports to our CIO and is generally responsible for management of cybersecurity risk and the protection and defense of our network and systems, including the development and management of policies and processes to identify, contain, and investigate potential incidents and ensure recovery therefrom. Our SDIS has over 15 years of experience managing information technology and cybersecurity matters in multiple industries. The SDIS maintains Certified Information Systems Security Professional ~~(CISSP)~~ and Certified Information Security Manager ~~(CISM)~~ certifications and holds a degree in information technology management.

Board's Role in Oversight

Our ~~full~~ Board oversees our ~~cyber~~cybersecurity risk management program, and includes cybersecurity as part of the assessment of the Company's overall Enterprise Risk Management program. At least twice per year, and more frequently, if necessary, our CIO updates our Board on the Company's cyber risk profile and the steps taken by management to mitigate those risks. In the event of a material cybersecurity incident, the Board would receive prompt and timely information regarding the incident, as well as ongoing updates regarding such incident until it has been addressed. Cybersecurity-related risks are included in the Enterprise Risk Management committee’s evaluation of top risks to the enterprise, which are also presented to the Board and executive management twice per year.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The following table lists, by segment, the Company's principal physical properties as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025. We believe these properties are generally in good operating condition, suitable for their respective uses and adequate for our current needs as our business is presently conducted.

Property Location

Owned/ Leased

Function

Architectural Framing Systems Segment

Wausau, WI

Owned

Manufacturing/Administrative

Stratford, WI

Owned

Manufacturing

Reed City, MI

Owned

Manufacturing

Walker, MI

Leased

Manufacturing/Administrative

Mesquite, TX

Leased

Manufacturing

Monett, MO

Owned

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Toronto, ON Canada

Leased

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Architectural Glass Segment

Owatonna, MN

Owned

Manufacturing/Administrative

Nazaré Paulista, Brazil

Owned(1)

Manufacturing/Administrative

Architectural Services Segment

Minneapolis, MN

Leased

Administrative

West Chester, OH

Leased

Manufacturing

Mesquite, TX

Leased

Manufacturing

Brampton, ON Canada

Leased

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

LSO Segment

McCook, IL

Leased

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Faribault, MN

Owned

Manufacturing/Administrative

Other

Minneapolis, MN

Leased

Administrative

Property Location

Owned/ Leased

Function

Architectural Metals Segment

Wausau, WI

Owned

Manufacturing/Administrative

Reed City, MI

Owned

Manufacturing

Mesquite, TX

Leased

Manufacturing

Monett, MO

Owned

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Toronto, ON Canada

Leased

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Architectural Services Segment

Minneapolis, MN

Leased

Administrative

West Chester, OH

Leased

Manufacturing

Mesquite, TX

Leased

Manufacturing

Brampton, ON Canada

Leased

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Architectural Glass Segment

Owatonna, MN

Owned

Manufacturing/Administrative

Performance Surfaces Segment

McCook, IL

Leased

Manufacturing/Warehouse/Administrative

Faribault, MN

Owned

Manufacturing/Administrative

Louisville, KY

Leased

Manufacturing/Administrative

Other

Minneapolis, MN

Leased

Administrative

(1)This is an owned facility; however, the land is leased from the city.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is a party to various legal proceedings incidental to its normal operating activities. In particular, like others in the construction supply and services industry, the Company is routinely involved in various disputes and claims arising out of construction projects, sometimes involving significant monetary damages or product replacement. We have in the past and are currently subject to product liability and warranty claims, including certain legal claims related to a commercial sealant product formerly incorporated into our products. In December 2022, the claimant in an arbitration of one such claim was awarded $20 million. The Company has appealed the award and believes, after taking into account all currently available information, including the advice of counsel and the likelihood of available insurance coverage, that this award will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company is also subject to litigation arising out of areas such as employment practices, workers compensation and general liability matters. Although it is very difficult to accurately predict the outcome of any such proceedings, facts currently available indicate that no matters will result in losses that would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flows or financial condition of the Company.

In December 2022, the claimant in an arbitration of one such claim was awarded $20 million by an arbitration panel. The claimant then sought to confirm this award in Los Angeles Superior Court in March 2023. In response, the Company moved to vacate the award. Later in March 2023, the Superior Court confirmed the award, which the Company appealed in June 2023. The appeal was argued before the California Court of Appeals, Second Appellate District, Division Seven, on March 7, 2025. The California Court of Appeals confirmed the judgment of the Superior Court on March 25, 2025. The Company paid the final arbitration award, including accrued post-judgment interest, in the amount of $24.7 million, on April 7, 2025. As a result of the judgment by the Superior Court, the Company recorded expense of $9.4 million, which represents the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds. This impact was recorded in cost of goods sold in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025.

The Company is also subject to litigation arising out of areas such as employment practices, workers compensation and general liability matters. Although it is very difficult to accurately predict the outcome of any such proceedings, facts currently available indicate that no matters will result in losses that would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flows or financial condition of the Company.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the ticker symbol "APOG". As of April 54, ~~2024~~2025, there were 1,~~061~~032 shareholders of record and 1222,~~990~~627 shareholders for whom securities firms acted as nominees.

Dividends

Quarterly, the Board of Directors evaluates declaring dividends based on operating results, available funds and the Company's financial condition. Cash dividends have been paid each quarter since 1974. The chart below shows quarterly and annual cumulative cash dividends per share for the past ~~three~~two fiscal years.

Fiscal Year	First		Second		Third		Fourth		Total
2024	$	0.2400	$	0.2400	$	0.2400	$	0.2500	$	0.9700
2025	$	0.2500	$	0.2500	$	0.2500	$	0.2600	$	1.0100
2023	0.2200		0.2200		0.2200		0.2400		0.9000
2024	0.2400		0.2400		0.2400		0.2500		0.9700
2022	0.2000		0.2000		0.2000		0.2200		0.8200

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company

The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by the Company of its own stock during the fourth quarter of fiscal ~~2024~~2025:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b)	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs (b)
November 26, 2023 through December 30, 2023	—	$	—	—	2,973,483
December 1, 2024 through December 28, 2024	260	$	71.73	—	2,731,910
December 31, 2023 through January 27, 2024	229	53.79		—	2,973,483
December 29, 2024 through January 25, 2025	545,181	55.04		545,117	2,186,793
January 28, 2024 through March 2, 2024	120	54.02		—	2,973,483
January 26, 2025 through March 1, 2025	2,896	52.98		—	2,186,793
Total	~~349~~548,337	$	5358.8670	—545,117	2,~~973~~186,~~483~~793

(a) The shares in this column represent the total number of shares that were surrendered ~~to us~~ by plan participants to satisfy withholding tax obligations related to share-based compensation. Weand ~~did~~the ~~not~~total ~~purchase~~number ~~any~~of shares that were repurchased pursuant to our publicly ~~announce~~announced repurchase program ~~during the fiscal quarter~~.

(b) In fiscal 2004, announced on April 10, 2003, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 1,500,000 shares of Company stock. The Board increased the authorization by 750,000 shares, announced on January 24, 2008; by 1,000,000 shares on each of the announcement dates of October 8, 2008, January 13, 2016, January 9, 2018, January 14, 2020, October 7, 2021 and June 22, 2022; and by 2,000,000 shares, announced on October 3, 2018, January 14, 2022 and October 6, 2023. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

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Comparative Stock Performance

The graph below compares the cumulative total shareholder return on a $100 investment in our common stock for the last five fiscal years with the cumulative total return on a $100 investment in the Russell 2000 Index, a broad equity market index, and the S&P 600 Industrials Index. Effective as of February 26, 2023, the Company changed industry indexes, from the S&P Small Cap 600 Growth Index to the S&P 600 Industrials Index. We believe that the S&P 600 Industrials Index is the best available published industry index, composed of companies with similar market capitalization and a mix of GICS classifications that reasonably reflect our diverse business activities, although most of our direct competitors in our various business units are either privately owned or are divisions of larger, publicly owned companies. The graph assumes an investment at the close of trading on ~~March~~February 229, ~~2019~~2020, and also assumes the reinvestment of all dividends.

	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024
	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		2025
Apogee	$	100.00	$	85127.4265	$	~~109~~158.0444	$	~~135~~162.3499	$	~~139~~207.2219	$	176.9884
S&P 600 Industrials	100.00		94143.7770		~~136~~146.1823		~~138~~158.5876		~~150~~195.4604		~~184~~210.8466
Russell 2000 Index	100.00		94151.2200		~~142~~141.2749		~~133~~135.3197		~~128~~150.1114		~~141~~160.4618
S&P SmallCap 600 Growth Index	100.00		93146.4385		~~137~~144.2050		~~135~~133.0020		~~124~~147.4487		~~138~~153.1424

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to assist the reader in understanding our financial condition and results of operations, including an evaluation of the amounts and certainty of cash flows from operations and from outside sources, and is provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in this Form 10-K. Refer to Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, for discussion of the results of operations for the year ended ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, compared to the year ended February 2625, ~~2022~~2023, which is incorporated by reference herein.

We have included in this report measures of financial performance that are not defined by GAAP. We believe that these measures provide useful information and include these measures in other communications to investors. For each of these non-GAAP financial measures, we provide a reconciliation of the differences between the non-GAAP measure and the most directly comparable GAAP measure, (see "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Item 7 below), and an explanation of why we believe the non-GAAP measure provides useful information to management and investors. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, the comparable GAAP measure. Adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per diluted share (adjusted diluted EPS) are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures provided by the Company to assess performance on a more comparable basis from period-to-period by excluding amounts that management does not consider part of core operating results. Management uses these non-GAAP measures to evaluate the Company’s historical and prospective financial performance, measure operational profitability on a consistent basis, as a factor in determining executive compensation, and to provide enhanced transparency to the investment community.

Overview

We are a leading provider of architectural products and services for enclosing buildings, and high-performance ~~glass~~coating ~~and acrylic~~ products used in applications for preservation, ~~energy~~protection ~~conservation,~~ and enhanced viewing. ~~Our four reporting segments are: Architectural Framing Systems, Architectural Glass, Architectural Services and Large-Scale Optical (LSO).~~

InDuring the fourth quarter of fiscal ~~2024~~2025, we ~~made~~changed ~~further~~the ~~progress~~names ~~toward~~of ~~our~~two ~~strategic~~reportable ~~goals~~segments ~~and~~to ~~financial~~better ~~targets~~reflect weour ~~established~~product inofferings ~~fiscal~~and ~~2021~~capabilities. WeThe ~~continued~~previously ~~the~~named ~~deployment~~Architectural ofFraming ~~the~~Systems ~~Apogee~~Segment ~~Management~~is ~~System~~now ~~across~~referred ~~our~~to ~~business,~~as ~~supporting~~the ~~sustainable~~Architectural ~~cost~~Metals ~~and productivity improvements~~Segment. WeThe ~~invested~~previously innamed ~~organic growth initiatives, including capacity expansion in the~~ Large-Scale Optical Segment ~~and~~is ~~geographic~~now ~~growth~~referred into ~~Architectural~~as ~~Services.~~the WePerformance ~~increased~~Surfaces ~~our~~Segment. ~~focus~~The onremaining ~~differentiated~~two ~~products and services~~segments, ~~and~~Architectural ~~continued~~Services toSegment ~~diversify~~and ~~the~~Architectural ~~mix~~Glass ofSegment ~~architectural~~remain ~~projects~~unchanged. ~~that~~As wepart ~~serve~~of ~~while~~these ~~leaning more heavily into higher~~changes, ~~value-added~~there ~~products.~~were Weno ~~also~~changes ~~advanced several initiatives~~ to ~~strengthen~~the ~~our~~products ~~core~~or ~~capabilities,~~brands ~~driving~~included ~~the~~within ~~standardization~~each of ~~key~~the ~~business~~reportable ~~processes and systems, and strengthening talent management and leadership development programs~~segments.

OnIn ~~January~~the ~~30,~~fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company announced strategic actions to ~~further~~ streamline its business operations, enable a more efficient cost model, and better position the Company for profitable growth (referred to as “Project Fortify”). During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company incurred $12.4 million of pre-tax charges related to Project Fortify, of which $5.5 million is included in cost of sales and $6.9 million is included in selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses. ~~The~~During ~~Company~~fiscal ~~expects~~2025, athe ~~total~~Company ofincurred $164.3 million ~~to $18 million~~ of pre-tax charges inrelated ~~connection~~to ~~with~~ Project Fortify, ~~leading to annualized cost savings~~ of ~~$12~~which ~~million to~~ $142.5 million~~. We~~ ~~expect~~is ~~that~~included ~~approximately~~in ~~60%~~cost of ~~these~~sales ~~savings~~and ~~will~~$1.8 bemillion ~~realized~~is inincluded ~~fiscal 2025, with the remainder~~ in ~~fiscal~~SG&A ~~2026~~expenses. WeThe ~~expect~~Company ~~that~~completed ~~approximately~~Project ~~70%~~Fortify ofduring the ~~savings~~fourth ~~will~~quarter beof ~~realized~~fiscal ~~in the Architectural Framing Systems segment~~2025, ~~20%~~incurring ina ~~the~~total ~~Architectural~~of ~~Services~~$16.7 million ~~Segment,~~ and ~~10%~~delivering inestimated ~~Corporate~~annualized ~~and~~cost ~~other,~~savings ~~with the plan to be substantially complete in the third quarter~~ of ~~fiscal~~approximately ~~2025~~$14 million.

On April 23, 2025, we announced an extension of Project Fortify ("Project Fortify Phase 2" or "Phase 2") to drive further cost efficiencies, primarily in the Architectural Metals and Architectural Services Segments. Phase 2 will focus on further optimizing our operating footprint and aligning resources to enable a more effective operating model. We expect the actions of Phase 2 to incur approximately $24 million to $26 million of pre-tax charges of which approximately $8 million are expected to be non-cash charges. Phase 2 is expected to deliver annualized pre-tax cost savings of approximately $13 million to $15 million. We expect the actions associated with Phase 2 to be substantially completed by the end of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2026. See Note 18 for additional information.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2025, we acquired UW Solutions for $240.9 million. UW Solutions is a U.S. based, vertically integrated manufacturer of high-performance coated substrates, differentiated by its proprietary formulations and coating application processes. The business serves a broad range of customers in attractive end markets, including building products for distribution centers and manufacturing facilities, as well as premium products for the graphic arts market. See Note 17 for additional information.

As a result of a March 2025 appellate court decision confirming a December 2022 arbitration award, the Company paid the arbitration award, including accrued post-judgment interest, in the amount of $24.7 million, on April 7, 2025. As a result of the decision, we recorded expense of $9.4 million, which represents the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds. This impact was recorded in cost of goods sold in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025.

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Results of Operations

The following tables provide various components of our operations for fiscal years ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, in U.S. dollar amounts and percentages reflecting annual changes in such amounts and as a percentage of net sales in each fiscal year.

Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of February,. orFiscal as2025 ~~otherwise~~and ~~determined~~fiscal by2023 ~~the~~each ~~Board of Directors. Fiscal 2024~~ consisted of 5352 weeks, while fiscal ~~2023~~2024 ~~and fiscal 2022 each~~ consisted of 5253 weeks.

							% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024		~~2022~~2023			~~2024~~2025 vs. ~~2023~~2024		~~2023~~2024 vs. ~~2022~~2023
Net sales	$	1,~~416~~360,~~942~~994	$	1,~~440~~416,~~696~~942	$	1,~~313~~440,~~977~~696		(13.69)	%	9(1.6)	%
Cost of sales	1,~~049~~001,~~814~~101		1,~~105~~049,~~423~~814		1,~~039~~105,~~816~~423			(54.06)	%	6(5.30)	%
Gross profit	~~367~~359,~~128~~893		~~335~~367,~~273~~128		~~274~~335,~~161~~273			9(2.50)	%	229.35	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	~~233~~241,~~295~~783		~~209~~233,~~485~~295		~~202~~209,~~643~~485			113.46	%	311.4	%
Impairment expense on goodwill and intangible assets	—		—		49,473			N/M		(100.0)	%
Operating income	118,110		133,833		125,788			(11.7)	%	6.4	%
Operating income	133,833		125,788		22,045			6.4	%	470.6	%
Interest expense, net	6,159		6,669		7,660			(7.6)	%	(12.9)	%
Interest expense, net	6,669		7,660		3,767			(12.9)	%	103.3	%
Other (income) expense, net	(623)		(2,089)		1,507			N/M		N/M
Other (income) expense, net	(2,089)		1,507		4,409			N/M		(65.8)	%
Earnings before income taxes	112,574		129,253		116,621			(12.9)	%	10.8	%
Earnings before income taxes	129,253		116,621		13,869			10.8	%	740.9	%
Income tax expense	27,522		29,640		12,514			(7.1)	%	136.9	%
Income tax expense	29,640		12,514		10,383			136.9	%	20.5	%
Net earnings	$	85,052	$	99,613	$	104,107		(14.6)	%	(4.3)	%
Net earnings	$	99,613	$	104,107	$	3,486		(4.3)	%	2,886.4	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.89	$	4.51	$	4.64		(13.7)	%	(2.8)	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	4.51	$	4.64	$	0.14		(2.8)	%	3,214.3	%
N/M - Indicates calculation is not meaningful

(Percentage of net sales)	~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024		~~2022~~2023
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	7473.16		7674.71		7976.17
Gross profit	2526.94		2325.39		2023.93
Selling, general and administrative expenses	1617.58		1416.5		1514.45
Impairment expense on goodwill and intangible assets	—		—		3.8
Operating income	8.7		9.4		8.7
Operating income	9.4		8.7		1.7
Interest expense, net	0.5		0.5		0.5
Interest expense, net	0.5		0.5		0.3
Other (income) expense, net	—		(0.1)		0.1
Other (income) expense, net	(0.1)		0.1		0.3
Earnings before income taxes	8.3		9.1		8.1
Earnings before income taxes	9.1		8.1		1.1
Income tax expense	2.0		2.1		0.9
Income tax expense	2.1		0.9		0.8
Net earnings	6.2	%	7.0	%	7.2	%
Net earnings	7.0	%	7.2	%	0.3	%
Effective income tax rate	24.4	%	22.9	%	10.7	%
Effective income tax rate	22.9	%	10.7	%	74.9	%

~~Comparison~~The offollowing ~~Fiscal~~table ~~2024~~summarizes tothe ~~Fiscal~~impact ~~2023~~that different items had on our net sales for fiscal 2025. All net sales for fiscal 2024 were organic.

•Consolidated net sales were $1.42 billion compared to $1.44 billion, a decrease of 1.6%, primarily reflecting lower volumes, partially offset by improved product mix and higher pricing.



(In thousands, except percentages)	Architectural Metals			Architectural Services			Architectural Glass			Performance Surfaces			Intersegment eliminations			Consolidated
Fiscal 2024 net sales	$	601,736		$	378,422		$	378,449		$	99,223		$	(40,888)		$	1,416,942
Organic business (1)	(66,113)			50,332			(49,124)			(6,835)			12,512			(59,228)
Impact of 53rd week (2)	(10,914)			(8,893)			(7,128)			(2,241)			472			(28,704)
Acquisition (3)	—			—			—			31,984			—			31,984

Fiscal 2025 net sales	$	524,709		$	419,861		$	322,197		$	122,131		$	(27,904)		$	1,360,994

Total net sales growth (decline)	(12.8)		%	11.0		%	(14.9)		%	23.1		%	(31.8)		%	(3.9)		%
Organic business (1)	(11.0)		%	13.3		%	(13.0)		%	(6.9)		%	(30.6)		%	(4.2)		%
Impact of 53rd week (2)	(1.8)		%	(2.4)		%	(1.9)		%	(2.3)		%	(1.2)		%	(2.0)		%
Acquisition (3)	—		%	—		%	—		%	32.2		%	—		%	2.3		%

•Gross profit margin improved to 25.9% of net sales, compared to 23.3%. The gross margin improvement was primarily driven by higher pricing, improved mix and the impact of lower costs from saving initiatives. These items were partially offset by the impact of lower volume, a less favorable mix of projects in the Architectural Services Segment, $5.5 million of restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, and the inflationary impact of higher costs.

•SG&A expense increased $23.8 million to 16.5% of net sales, compared to 14.5%. The increase in expense was primarily due to increased salaries and benefits costs as well as $6.9 million in restructuring costs related to Project Fortify.

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•Operating income grew 6.4% to $133.8 million, and operating margin increased 70 basis points to 9.4%, driven by higher pricing, improved product mix, and the impact of lower costs from saving initiatives. These items were partially offset by a less favorable mix of projects in the Architectural Services Segment, increased salaries and benefits costs, $12.4 million of restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, and the inflationary impact of higher costs. Adjusted operating margin increased by 160 basis points, to 10.3%.


(1)			Organic business includes net sales associated with acquired product lines or businesses that occur after the first twelve months from the date the product line or business is acquired and net sales from internally developed product lines or businesses.
(2)			Amount is estimated based on average weekly net sales of the final month of the period.
(3)			On November 4, 2024, we completed the acquisition of UW Solutions. For additional information see Note 17 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

~~•Other~~Comparison ~~income was $2.1 million, reflecting the impact~~ of aFiscal ~~$4.7~~2025 ~~million pre-tax gain related~~ to aFiscal ~~New Markets Tax Credit, partially offset by an investment valuation adjustment.~~2024

•~~Net~~Consolidated ~~interest~~net ~~expense~~sales ~~was~~were $61.736 ~~million,~~billion compared to $71.42 billion, a decrease of 3.9%, primarily reflecting the unfavorable impact of the additional week in the prior year of approximately $28.7 million ~~driven~~or by2.0%, aand lower ~~average~~volume, ~~debt~~primarily ~~level,~~in Architectural Metals and Architectural Glass. These items were partially offset by net sales growth in Architectural Services, and a ~~higher~~$32.0 ~~average~~million ~~interest~~inorganic ~~rate~~sales contribution from the acquisition of UW Solutions.

•~~The~~Gross ~~effective~~margin ~~tax~~increased ~~rate~~to ~~was 22~~26.94% of net sales, compared to 1025.79%. ~~During~~The ~~fiscal~~gross ~~2023,~~margin weimprovement ~~claimed~~was ~~certain~~primarily ~~tax~~driven ~~deductions,~~by ~~including~~ a ~~worthless~~more ~~stock~~favorable ~~loss~~mix ~~deduction~~of projects and ~~other~~the ~~discrete~~net ~~tax~~favorable ~~benefits,~~impact ~~related~~of tocumulative ~~our~~catch-up ~~investment~~adjustments for changes in ~~Sotawall~~profitability ~~Limited~~estimates of long-term contracts in Architectural Services, aand ~~Canadian~~lower ~~subsidiary.~~quality ~~These~~and ~~deductions~~insurance-related ~~generated~~costs, aas ~~net~~well ~~tax~~as ~~benefit~~lower ofrestructuring costs from Project Fortify. These items were partially offset by $149.84 million of expense related to an arbitration award, ~~and~~as ~~reduced~~well ~~our~~as ~~effective~~unfavorable ~~tax~~sales ~~rate~~leverage ~~for~~impact ~~fiscal~~of ~~2023~~lower byvolume, ~~approximately~~higher ~~13.~~lease costs, and $1.7 ~~percentage~~million ~~points~~of acquisition-related expenses.

•~~Diluted~~SG&A ~~EPS~~expense ~~was~~increased $48.515 million to 17.8% of net sales, compared to 16.5% of net sales. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to the impact of $48.646 ~~driven~~million byof ~~higher~~acquisition-related ~~operating~~expenses, ~~income~~impairment charges of $7.6 million, ~~which~~higher ~~was~~amortization ~~more~~expense ~~than~~and the unfavorable sales leverage impact of lower volume partially offset by alower ~~higher~~restructuring ~~effective~~charges, ~~tax~~lower ~~rate. Adjusted~~bad ~~diluted~~debt ~~EPS~~expense, ~~grew~~and ~~19.8%~~lower tolong-term $4incentive costs.~~77.~~

~~Segment~~•Operating ~~Analysis~~income was $118.1 million and operating margin declined to 8.7%. The decline operating margin was primarily due to the unfavorable sales leverage impact of lower volume, $10.3 million of acquisition-related expenses, $9.4 million of expense related to an arbitration award, and $7.6 million impairment charges related to strategic rebranding. These items were partially offset by a more favorable mix of projects and the net favorable impact of cumulative catch-up adjustments for changes in profitability estimates of long-term contracts in Architectural Services, lower quality and insurance-related costs, lower bad debt expense, and lower restructuring charges from Project Fortify of $8.1 million. Adjusted operating income grew 2.4% to $149.8 million, and adjusted operating margin improved to 11.0%.

										% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023			2022				2024 vs. 2023		2023 vs. 2022
Segment net sales
Architectural Framing Systems	$	601,736		$	649,778		$	546,557			(7.4)	%	18.9	%
Architectural Glass	378,449			316,554			309,241				19.6	%	2.4	%
Architectural Services	378,422			410,627			407,421				(7.8)	%	0.8	%
Large-Scale Optical	99,223			104,215			101,673				(4.8)	%	2.5	%
Intersegment eliminations	(40,888)			(40,478)			(50,915)				1.0	%	(20.5)	%
Net sales	$	1,416,942		$	1,440,696		$	1,313,977			(1.6)	%	9.6	%
Segment operating income (loss)
Architectural Framing Systems	$	64,833		$	81,875		$	38,088			(20.8)	%	115.0	%
Architectural Glass	68,046			28,610			1,785				137.8	%	1,502.8	%
Architectural Services	11,840			18,140			(22,071)				(34.7)	%	N/M
Large-Scale Optical	24,233			25,348			23,618				(4.4)	%	7.3	%
Corporate and other	(35,119)			(28,185)			(19,375)				24.6	%	45.5	%
Operating income	$	133,833		$	125,788		$	22,045			6.4	%	470.6	%
Segment operating margin
Architectural Framing Systems	10.8		%	12.6		%	7.0		%
Architectural Glass	18.0		%	9.0		%	0.6		%
Architectural Services	3.1		%	4.4		%	(5.4)		%
Large-Scale Optical	24.4		%	24.3		%	23.2		%
Corporate and other	N/M			N/M			N/M
Operating margin	9.4		%	8.7		%	1.7		%

•Interest expense, net was $6.2 million, compared to $6.7 million, primarily driven by increased interest income from higher average levels of invested cash, partially offset by the impact of the write-off of unamortized financing fees of $0.5 million related to our previous credit facility.

~~Segment~~•Other ~~net~~income ~~sales~~was is$0.6 ~~defined~~million, ascompared ~~net sales for a certain segment and includes revenue related~~ to ~~intersegment transactions~~$2.1 ~~We report net sales intersegment eliminations separately to exclude these sales from our consolidated total~~million. ~~Segment~~The ~~operating~~lower income isin ~~equal~~fiscal to2025 ~~net~~was ~~sales,~~primarily ~~less~~due ~~cost~~pre-tax ofgain ~~goods sold, SG&A, and any asset impairment charges associated with the segment. Segment operating income includes operating income~~ related to ~~intersegment~~a ~~sales~~New ~~transactions~~Markets ~~and~~Tax ~~excludes~~Credit ~~certain~~of ~~corporate costs that are not allocated at a segment level~~$4.7 Wemillion, ~~report~~partially ~~these~~offset ~~unallocated~~by ~~corporate~~the ~~costs~~unfavorable ~~separately~~impact inof ~~Corporate~~an ~~and~~investment ~~other.~~market ~~Operating~~valuation ~~income does not include other income or expense~~adjustment, ~~interest~~both ~~expense~~recognized orin athe ~~provision~~prior ~~for~~year ~~income taxes~~period.

•Income tax expense as a percentage of earnings before income tax was 24.4%, compared to 22.9% for fiscal 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in tax expense for discrete items.

•Diluted EPS was $3.89, compared to $4.51 driven by lower operating income, lower other income, and a higher effective tax rate. Adjusted diluted EPS grew 4.2% to $4.97.

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~~Architectural~~Segment ~~Framing Systems~~Analysis

Comparison of Fiscal 2024 to Fiscal 2023


										% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2025			2024			2023				2025 vs. 2024		2024 vs. 2023
Segment net sales
Architectural Metals	$	524,709		$	601,736		$	649,778			(12.8)	%	(7.4)	%
Architectural Services	419,861			378,422			410,627				11.0	%	(7.8)	%
Architectural Glass	322,197			378,449			316,554				(14.9)	%	19.6	%
Performance Surfaces	122,131			99,223			104,215				23.1	%	(4.8)	%
Intersegment eliminations	(27,904)			(40,888)			(40,478)				(31.8)	%	1.0	%
Net sales	$	1,360,994		$	1,416,942		$	1,440,696			(3.9)	%	(1.6)	%
Segment operating income (loss)
Architectural Metals	$	42,466		$	64,833		$	81,875			(34.5)	%	(20.8)	%
Architectural Services	30,046			11,840			18,140				153.8	%	(34.7)	%
Architectural Glass	59,274			68,046			28,610				(12.9)	%	137.8	%
Performance Surfaces	19,611			24,233			25,348				(19.1)	%	(4.4)	%
Corporate and Other	(33,287)			(35,119)			(28,185)				(5.2)	%	24.6	%
Operating income	$	118,110		$	133,833		$	125,788			(11.7)	%	6.4	%
Segment operating margin
Architectural Metals	8.1		%	10.8		%	12.6		%
Architectural Services	7.2		%	3.1		%	4.4		%
Architectural Glass	18.4		%	18.0		%	9.0		%
Performance Surfaces	16.1		%	24.4		%	24.3		%
Corporate and other	N/M			N/M			N/M
Operating margin	8.7		%	9.4		%	8.7		%

~~•Net~~Segment net sales ~~were~~is ~~$601~~defined as net sales for a certain segment and includes revenue related to intersegment transactions.7 ~~million,~~We ~~compared~~report net sales intersegment eliminations separately to ~~$649~~exclude these sales from our consolidated total.8 ~~million~~Segment operating income is equal to net sales, ~~primarily~~less ~~reflecting~~cost ~~lower~~of ~~volume~~goods sold, ~~partially~~and ~~offset~~SG&A. bySegment ~~more~~operating ~~favorable~~income includes operating income related to intersegment sales ~~mix~~transactions and ~~improved~~excludes ~~pricing~~certain corporate costs that are not allocated at a segment level. We report these unallocated corporate costs separately in Corporate and other. Operating income does not include other income or expense, interest expense or a provision for income taxes.

•Operating income was $64.8 million and operating margin decreased 180 basis points to 10.8% of net sales, primarily driven by the impact of lower volume, a less favorable mix of projects and $6.0 million of restructuring costs related to Project Fortify. These items were partially offset by improved sales mix and pricing, as well as the impact of lower costs from saving initiatives. Adjusted operating income was $70.8 million and adjusted operating margin decreased 80 basis points to 11.8% of net sales.25

~~Architectural~~Table ~~Glass~~of Contents

~~Comparison~~Architectural ~~of Fiscal 2024 to Fiscal 2023~~Metals

~~•Net~~Comparison ~~sales~~of ~~were~~Fiscal ~~$378.4~~2025 ~~million, compared~~ to ~~$316.6~~Fiscal ~~million, primarily driven by improved pricing and a more favorable sales mix.~~2024

•~~Operating~~Net ~~income~~sales ~~was~~were $68524.07 million, ~~and~~compared ~~operating~~to ~~margin~~$601.7 ~~increased~~million. ~~900~~The ~~basis~~decline ~~points~~in ~~to 18.0% of~~ net sales, was primarily driven by ~~improved~~reduced ~~pricing~~volume due to exiting certain lower-margin product lines as part of Project Fortify and ~~mix~~lower end market demand, ~~partially~~the ~~offset~~impact byof ~~cost~~one ~~inflation.~~less week of net sales in the current year, and a less favorable product mix.

•Operating income was $42.5 million, or 8.1% of net sales, compared to $64.8 million, or 10.8% of net sales. The decline in operating margin was primarily driven by $7.6 million of impairment charges, the unfavorable sales leverage impact of lower volume and a less favorable product mix, partially offset by favorable material costs, lower short-term incentive costs, lower bad debt expense, lower quality-related expense, and lower restructuring costs. Adjusted operating income was $54.1 million, or 10.3% of net sales, compared to $70.8 million, or 11.8% of net sales.

Architectural Services

Comparison of Fiscal ~~2024~~2025 to Fiscal ~~2023~~2024

•Net sales were $~~378~~419.49 million, compared to $~~410~~378.64 million,. The increase in net sales was primarily ~~reflecting~~due ~~lower~~to ~~project~~increased volume, ~~and~~ a ~~less~~more favorable mix of projects and the net favorable impact of cumulative catch-up adjustments for changes in profitability estimates of long-term contracts, partially offset by the impact of one less week of net sales in the current year.

•Operating income was $1130.80 million, ~~and~~or ~~operating~~7.2% ~~margin~~of ~~decreased~~net ~~130~~sales, ~~basis~~compared ~~points~~ to $11.8 million or 3.1% of net sales. ~~primarily~~The ~~driven~~improvement byin ~~lower~~operating ~~project~~margin ~~volume,~~was primarily driven by a ~~less~~more favorable mix of projects, ~~and~~the ~~$2.5~~favorable ~~million~~impact of ~~restructuring~~cumulative ~~costs~~catch-up ~~related~~adjustments toon ~~Project~~our ~~Fortify, partially offset by lower short~~longer-term ~~incentive~~contract ~~compensation~~estimates ~~expense.~~of ~~Adjusted operating income was~~ $1410.45 million, and ~~adjusted~~lower ~~operating~~restructuring ~~margin~~charges, ~~decreased~~partially 60offset ~~basis~~by ~~points~~higher toshort-term ~~3.8%~~incentive ofcompensation ~~net~~expense ~~sales~~and higher lease costs.

~~Large~~•For the years ended March 1, 2025 and March 2, 2024, gross favorable and unfavorable cumulative catch-~~Scale~~up ~~Optical~~adjustments ~~(LSO)~~on our longer-term contracts for changes in estimates were as follows:

Comparison of Fiscal 2024 to Fiscal 2023


(in thousands)	2025		2024
Gross favorable adjustments	$	28,430	$	19,058
Gross unfavorable adjustments	(12,123)		(13,298)
Net adjustments	$	16,307	$	5,760

~~•Net~~Architectural ~~sales were $99.2 million, compared to $104.2 million, primarily reflecting lower volume due to slower customer demand in the retail markets, partially offset by favorable mix and pricing.~~Glass

~~•Operating~~Comparison ~~income was $24.2 million and operating margin increased 10 basis points to 24.4%~~ of ~~net~~Fiscal ~~sales,~~2025 ~~compared~~ to ~~$25.3~~Fiscal ~~million, or 24.3% of net sales, primarily driven by favorable mix and pricing, partially offset by the impact of lower volume.~~2024

~~Corporate~~•Net sales were $322.2 million, compared to $378.4 million. The decrease in net sales was primarily driven by lower volume due to lower end-market demand and ~~other~~the impact of one less week of net sales in the current year, partially offset by improved pricing.

~~Comparison~~•Operating income decreased to $59.3 million, or 18.4% of ~~Fiscal~~net ~~2024~~sales, compared to ~~Fiscal~~$68.0 ~~2023~~million, or 18.0% of net sales. The improvement in operating margin was primarily driven by improved pricing, improved productivity, and lower quality-related costs, partially offset by the unfavorable sales leverage impact of lower volume.

~~•Corporate~~Performance and other expense was $35.1 million, compared to $28.2 million, primarily driven by $3.9 million of restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, increased compensation expense and higher consulting costs, partially offset by lower insurance-related costs.Surfaces

Comparison of Fiscal 2025 to Fiscal 2024

•Net sales were $122.1 million, compared to $99.2 million. The increase in net sales was primarily driven by $32.0 million of inorganic sales from UW Solutions, partially offset by lower volume in the retail channel and the impact of one less week of net sales in the current year.

•Operating income was $19.6 million, or 16.1% of net sales, compared to $24.2 million, or 24.4% of net sales. The decline in operating margin was primarily driven by $4.5 million in acquisition-related costs and the sales leverage impact of lower organic volume.

Corporate and Other

Comparison of Fiscal 2025 to Fiscal 2024

Table of Contents

•Corporate and Other expense was $33.3 million, compared to $35.1 million. The decrease was primarily due to lower insurance-related costs, lower incentive compensation expense, and lower restructuring costs, partially offset by $9.4 million of expense related to an arbitration award, and $5.8 million in acquisition-related costs.

Backlog

Backlog is an operating measure used by management to assess future potential sales revenue. Backlog is defined as the dollar amount of signed contracts or firm orders, generally as a result of a competitive bidding process, which is expected to be recognized as revenue. Backlog is not a term defined under U.S. GAAP and is not a measure of contract profitability. Backlog should not be used as the sole indicator of future revenue because we have a substantial number of projects with short lead times that book-and-bill within the same reporting period that are not included in backlog.

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Architectural Framing Systems

As of fiscal 2024 year-end, segment backlog was $200.7 million, compared to $243.3 million at the end of the prior year, reflecting a decrease in order volume. As part of the actions of Project Fortify, we expect to phase out this segment's longer-cycle project business over time as the segment eliminates certain lower-margin product and service offerings. As a result, the majority of projects in this segment will generally be completed in six months or less and backlog as an operating measure will be less effective in assessing future potential sales revenue. Effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2025, backlog will no longer be reported for this segment.

Architectural Services

As of fiscal ~~2024~~2025 year-end, backlog in the Architectural Services Segment was $~~807~~720.83 million, compared to $~~726~~807.78 million at the end of the prior year~~, primarily driven by several large project awards in the current year~~.

Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net earnings, adjusted diluted earnings per share (adjusted diluted EPS), adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (adjusted EBITDA), adjusted EBITDA margin, and adjusted return on invested capital (ROIC) are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures provided by the Company to assess performance on a more comparable basis from period-to-period by excluding amounts that management does not consider part of core operating results. Management uses these non-GAAP measures as noted below:

•We use adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net earnings, and adjusted diluted EPS to provide meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance by excluding amounts that are not considered part of core operating results to enhance comparability of results from period to period.

•Adjusted EBITDA ~~represents adjusted net earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation,~~ and ~~amortization. We believe~~ adjusted EBITDA ~~and adjusted EBITDA~~ margin metrics provide useful information to investors and analysts about our core operating performance.

•Adjusted return on invested capital (ROIC) is defined as adjusted operating income net of tax, divided by average invested capital. We believe this measure is useful in understanding operational performance and capital allocation over time, and it is used as a factor in determining executive compensation.

These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to, the reported financial results of the Company prepared in accordance with GAAP. Other companies may calculate these measures differently, thereby limiting the usefulness of the measures for comparison with other companies.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Margin
(Unaudited)
	Year Ended March 2, 2024 (53 weeks)
(In thousands, except percentages)	Architectural Framing Systems			Architectural Glass			Architectural Services			LSO			Corporate and other		Consolidated
Operating income	$	64,833		$	68,046		$	11,840		$	24,233		$	(35,119)	$	133,833
Restructuring costs (1)	5,970			—			2,526			—			3,907		12,403
Adjusted operating income	$	70,803		$	68,046		$	14,366		$	24,233		$	(31,212)	$	146,236
Operating margin	10.8		%	18.0		%	3.1		%	24.4		%	N/M		9.4		%
Restructuring costs (1)	1.0		%	—		%	0.7		%	—		%	N/M		0.9		%
Adjusted operating margin	11.8		%	18.0		%	3.8		%	24.4		%	N/M		10.3		%
	Year Ended February 25, 2023 (52 weeks)
	Architectural Framing Systems			Architectural Glass			Architectural Services			LSO			Corporate and other		Consolidated
Operating income(2)	$	81,875		$	28,610		$	18,140		$	25,348		$	(28,185)	$	125,788
Operating margin(2)	12.6		%	9.0		%	4.4		%	24.3		%	N/M		8.7		%

(1)			Restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs.
(2)			For fiscal year 2023, we did not make any adjustments to operating income or operating margin as calculated in accordance with GAAP.

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	Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
	Adjusted Net Earnings and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share
	(Unaudited)
						Diluted per share amounts
		Year Ended				Year Ended
		March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023		March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023
(In thousands, except per share amounts)		(53 weeks)		(52 weeks)		(53 weeks)		(52 weeks)
Net earnings		$	99,613	$	104,107	$	4.51	$	4.64
Restructuring costs (1)		12,403		—		0.56		—
NMTC Settlement Gain(2)		(4,687)		—		(0.21)		—
Worthless stock deduction and other discrete tax benefits(3)		—		(14,833)		—		(0.66)
Income tax impact on above adjustments (4)		(1,890)		—		(0.09)		—
Adjusted net earnings		$	105,439	$	89,274	$	4.77	$	3.98
Shares outstanding for EPS						22,091		22,416
(1)	Restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs.
(2)	Realization of a New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) benefit during the second quarter of fiscal 2024, which was recorded in other (income) expense, net.
(3)	Worthless stock deduction and related discrete income tax benefits from the impairment of the Sotawall business in fiscal 2023, which was recorded in income tax expense.
(4)	Income tax impact calculated using an estimated statutory tax rate of 24.5%, which reflects the estimated blended statutory tax rate for the jurisdictions in which the charge or income occurred.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin(Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization)
(Unaudited)
	Year Ended
		March 2, 2024			February 25, 2023
(In thousands)		(53 weeks)			(52 weeks)
Net earnings		$	99,613		$	104,107
Income tax expense		29,640			12,514
Interest expense, net		6,669			7,660
Depreciation and amortization		41,588			42,403
EBITDA		$	177,510		$	166,684
Restructuring costs(1)		12,403			—
NMTC settlement gain(2)		(4,687)			—
Adjusted EBITDA		$	185,226		$	166,684
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		13.1		%	11.6		%

(1)			Restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs.
(2)			Realization of a New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) benefit during the second quarter of fiscal 2024, which was recorded in other income (expense), net.

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted Return on Invested Capital Reconciliation
Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Operating Margin
(Unaudited)
								Year Ended
		Year Ended March 1, 2025 (52 weeks)
												March 2, 2024						February 25, 2023
(In thousands, except percentages)		Architectural Metals			Architectural Services				Architectural Glass						Performance Surfaces						Corporate and other		Consolidated
(In thousands, except percentages)												(53 weeks)						(52 weeks)
Operating income		$	42,466		$	30,046			$	59,274					$	19,611					$	(33,287)	$	118,110
Operating income												$	133,833					$	125,788
Acquisition-related costs (1)
Restructuring costs (1)												12,403						—
Transaction		—			—				—						—						4,424		4,424
Adjusted operating income												$	146,236					$	125,788
Integration		—			—				—						706						1,349		2,055
Tax adjustment (2)												35,828						30,818
Backlog amortization		—			—				—						2,340						—		2,340
Adjusted operating income after taxes												$	110,408					$	94,970
Inventory step-up		—			—				—						1,483						—		1,483
Average invested capital (3)												$	668,555					$	686,124
Total Acquisition-related costs		—			—				—						4,529						5,773		10,302
Adjusted return on invested capital (ROIC) (4)												16.5		%				13.8		%
Restructuring costs (2)		4,024			(489)				—						—						788		4,323
(1)	Restructuring costs related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs.
Impairment expense (3)		7,634			—				—						—						—		7,634
(2)	Income tax impact calculated using an estimated statutory tax rate of 24.5%, which reflects the estimated blended statutory tax rate for the jurisdictions in which the charge or income occurred.
Arbitration award expense (4)		—			—				—						—						9,393		9,393
(3)	Average invested capital represents a trailing five quarter average of total assets less average current liabilities (excluding current portion long-term debt).
Adjusted operating income		$	54,124		$	29,557			$	59,274					$	24,140					$	(17,333)	$	149,762
(4)	Adjusted ROIC calculated by dividing adjusted operating income after taxes by average invested capital
Operating margin		8.1		%	7.2		%		18.4		%				16.1		%				N/M		8.7		%
Acquisition-related costs (1)
Transaction		—		%	—		%		—		%				—		%				N/M		0.3		%
Integration		—		%	—		%		—		%				0.6		%				N/M		0.2		%
Backlog amortization		—		%	—		%		—		%				1.9		%				N/M		0.2		%
Inventory step-up		—		%	—		%		—		%				1.2		%				N/M		0.1		%
Total Acquisition-related costs		—			—				—						3.7		%				N/M		0.8		%
Restructuring costs (2)		0.8		%	(0.1)		%		—		%				—		%				N/M		0.3		%
Impairment expense (3)		1.5		%	—		%		—		%				—		%				N/M		0.6		%
Arbitration award expense (4)		—		%	—		%		—		%				—		%				N/M		0.7		%
Adjusted operating margin		10.3		%	7.0		%		18.4		%				19.8		%				N/M		11.0		%
		Year Ended March 2, 2024 (53 weeks)
		Architectural Metals			Architectural Services				Architectural Glass						Performance Surfaces						Corporate and other		Consolidated
Operating income		$	64,833		$	11,840			$	68,046					$	24,233					$	(35,119)	$	133,833
Restructuring costs (2)		5,970			2,526				—						—						3,907		12,403
Adjusted operating income		$	70,803		$	14,366			$	68,046					$	24,233					$	(31,212)	$	146,236
Operating margin		10.8		%	3.1		%		18.0		%				24.4		%				N/M		9.4		%
Restructuring costs (2)		1.0		%	0.7		%		—		%				—		%				N/M		0.9		%
Adjusted operating margin		11.8		%	3.8		%		18.0		%				24.4		%				N/M		10.3		%


(1)			Acquisition-related costs include: •Transaction costs related to the UW Solutions acquisition. •Integration costs related to one-time expenses incurred to integrate the UW Solutions acquisition. •Backlog amortization is related the value attributed to contracting the backlog purchased in the UW Solutions acquisition. These costs were amortized in SG&A over the period that the contracted backlog was shipped. •Inventory step-up is related to the incremental cost to value inventory acquired as part of the UW Solutions acquisition at fair value. These costs were expensed to cost of goods sold over the period the inventory was sold.
(2)			Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $1.1 million of employee termination costs and $3.2 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2025. Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2024.
(3)			Impairment expense for intangible assets in the Architectural Metals Segment.
(4)			Expense related to an arbitration award which represent the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds.

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	Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
	Adjusted Net Earnings and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share
	(Unaudited)
						Diluted per share amounts
		Year Ended				Year Ended
		March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024		March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024
(In thousands, except per share amounts)		(52 weeks)		(53 weeks)		(52 weeks)		(53 weeks)
Net earnings		$	85,052	$	99,613	$	3.89	$	4.51
Acquisition-related costs (1)
Transaction		4,424		—		0.20		—
Integration		2,055		—		0.09		—
Backlog amortization		2,340		—		0.11		—
Inventory step-up		1,483		—		0.07		—
Total Acquisition-related costs		10,302		—		0.47		—
Restructuring costs (2)		4,323		12,403		0.20		0.56
Impairment expense (3)		7,634		—		0.35		—
Arbitration award expense (4)		9,393		—		0.43		—
NMTC Settlement Gain (5)		—		(4,687)		—		(0.21)
Income tax impact on above adjustments (6)		(7,832)		(1,890)		(0.36)		(0.09)
Adjusted net earnings		$	108,872	$	105,439	$	4.97	$	4.77

Shares outstanding for EPS						21,891		22,091

(1)	Acquisition-related costs include: •Transaction costs related to the UW Solutions acquisition. •Integration costs related to one-time expenses incurred to integrate the UW Solutions acquisition. •Backlog amortization is related the value attributed to contracting the backlog purchased in the UW Solutions acquisition. These costs were amortized in SG&A over the period that the contracted backlog was shipped. •Inventory step-up is related to the incremental cost to value inventory acquired as part of the UW Solutions acquisition at fair value. These costs were expensed to cost of goods sold over the period the inventory was sold.
(2)	Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $1.1 million of employee termination costs and $3.2 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2025. Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2024.
(3)	Impairment expense for intangible assets in the Architectural Metals Segment.
(4)	Expense related to an arbitration award which represent the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds.
(5)	Realization of a New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) benefit during the second quarter of fiscal 2024, which was recorded in other (income) expense, net.
(6)	Income tax impact reflects the estimated tax rate for the jurisdictions in which the charge or income occurred.

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization)
(Unaudited)

	Year Ended
		March 1, 2025			March 2, 2024
(In thousands)		(52 weeks)			(53 weeks)
Net earnings		$	85,052		$	99,613
Income tax expense		27,522			29,640
Interest expense, net		6,159			6,669
Depreciation and amortization		44,608			41,588
EBITDA		$	163,341		$	177,510
Acquisition-related costs (1)
Transaction		4,424			—
Integration		2,055			—
Inventory step-up		1,483			—
Total acquisition-related costs		7,962			—
Restructuring costs (2)		4,323			12,403
Impairment expense (3)		7,634			—
Arbitration award expense (4)		9,393			—
NMTC settlement gain (5)		—			(4,687)
Adjusted EBITDA		$	192,653		$	185,226
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		14.2		%	13.1		%


(1)			Acquisition-related costs include: •Transaction costs related to the UW Solutions acquisition. •Integration costs related to one-time expenses incurred to integrate the UW Solutions acquisition. •Inventory step-up is related to the incremental cost to value inventory acquired as part of the UW Solutions acquisition at fair value. These costs were expensed to cost of goods sold over the period the inventory was sold.
(2)			Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $1.1 million of employee termination costs and $3.2 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2025. Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2024.
(3)			Impairment expense for intangible assets in the Architectural Metals Segment.
(4)			Expense related to an arbitration award which represent the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds.
(5)			Realization of a New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) benefit during the second quarter of fiscal 2024, which was recorded in other income (expense), net.

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted Return on Invested Capital Reconciliation
(Unaudited)
		Year Ended
		March 1, 2025			March 2, 2024
(In thousands, except percentages)		(52 weeks)			(53 weeks)
Net earnings		$	85,052		$	99,613
Interest expense, net (after tax)		4,619			5,002
Other income, net (after tax)		(467)			(1,567)
Net operating income after taxes		89,204			103,048
Adjustments:





Acquisition-related costs (1)		10,302			—
Restructuring costs (2)		4,323			12,403
Impairment expense (3)		7,634			—
Arbitration award expense (4)		9,393			—
Total adjustments		$	31,652		$	12,403
Income tax impact on adjustments (5)		7,832			3,101
Adjusted net operating income after taxes		$	113,024		$	112,350

Average invested capital (6)		$	757,178		$	668,555

Return on invested capital (ROIC) (7)		11.8		%	15.4		%
Adjusted ROIC (8)		14.9		%	16.8		%

(1)	Acquisition-related costs include: •Transaction costs related to the UW Solutions acquisition. •Integration costs related to one-time expenses incurred to integrate the UW Solutions acquisition. •Backlog amortization is related the value attributed to contracting the backlog purchased in the UW Solutions acquisition. These costs were amortized in SG&A over the period that the contracted backlog was shipped. •Inventory step-up is related to the incremental cost to value inventory acquired as part of the UW Solutions acquisition at fair value. These costs were expensed to cost of goods sold over the period the inventory was sold.
(2)	Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $1.1 million of employee termination costs and $3.2 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2025. Restructuring charges related to Project Fortify, including $6.2 million of asset impairment charges, $5.9 million of employee termination costs and $0.3 million of other costs incurred in fiscal 2024.
(3)	Impairment expense for intangible assets in the Architectural Metals Segment.
(4)	Expense related to an arbitration award which represent the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds.
(5)	Income tax impact reflects the estimated tax rate for the jurisdictions in which the charge or income occurred.
(6)	Average invested capital represents a trailing five quarter average of total assets less average current liabilities (excluding current portion long-term debt).
(7)	ROIC is calculated by dividing net operating income after taxes by average invested capital.
(8)	Adjusted ROIC is calculated by dividing adjusted net operating income after taxes by average invested capital.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We rely on cash provided by operations for our material cash requirements, including working capital needs, capital expenditures, satisfaction of contractual commitments (including principal and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness) and shareholder return through dividend payments and share repurchases.

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $~~204~~125.2 million, compared to $~~102~~204.72 million,. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by ~~favorable~~cash ~~changes~~used infor working capital.

Investing Activities. Net cash used by investing activities was $43265.79 million, compared to $2743.7 million. ~~Capital~~The ~~expenditures~~increase ~~were~~in ~~the~~net ~~primary use of~~ cash inused ~~fiscal~~by ~~2024,~~investing ~~largely~~activities ~~driven~~was byprimarily ~~strategic~~related ~~investments~~ to ~~fund~~$232.2 amillion ~~capacity~~of ~~expansion~~cash inused ~~our~~for ~~Large-Scale~~the ~~Optical~~acquisition ~~Segment~~of ~~and~~UW ~~to enhance productivity through automation~~Solutions.

Financing Activities. Net cash ~~used~~provided by financing activities was $~~144~~146.60 million, compared to $91144.06 million, ~~primarily~~of ~~driven~~net cash used by ~~higher~~financing ~~net~~activities. ~~debt~~The ~~repayments~~increase in ~~the~~net ~~current~~cash ~~year~~provided ~~period,~~by ~~partially~~financing ~~offset~~activities was primarily driven by ~~lower~~the ~~share~~proceeds ~~repurchases.~~of

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$250.0 million from the delayed draw term loan utilized to finance the UW Solutions acquisition. We returned $67.1 million of cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends, compared to $33.0 million in the prior year.

Additional Liquidity Considerations. We periodically evaluate our liquidity requirements, cash needs and availability of debt resources relative to acquisition plans, significant capital plans, and other working capital needs.

AsOn ofJuly 19, 2024, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the ~~end~~Credit Agreement) with Bank of ~~fiscal~~America, ~~2024~~N.A., weas ~~had~~administrative aagent, ~~committed~~and ~~revolving~~other lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured senior credit facility in ~~the~~an ~~U.S.~~aggregate ~~with~~principal ~~maximum~~amount ~~borrowings~~ of up to $~~385~~700.0 million, ~~with~~in awhich ~~maturity~~commitments ~~date~~were ofmade ~~August~~through 5,a ~~2027,~~$450.0 ~~and two Canadian committed~~million, five-year revolving credit ~~facilities~~facility ~~totaling~~and ~~$25~~a ~~million~~committed ~~(USD)~~$250.0 Atmillion ~~March~~delayed 2,draw ~~2024,~~term weloan ~~had~~facility. ~~outstanding~~Borrowings ~~borrowings~~ under ~~our~~the revolving credit facility ofcan be in Canadian dollars (CAD) limited to $5025.0 million, ~~while~~USD. ~~there~~The ~~were~~term noloan ~~outstanding~~facility ~~borrowings~~may ~~under~~be ~~the~~utilized ~~Canadian~~in ~~committed,~~up ~~revolving~~to ~~credit~~two ~~facilities.~~draw Wedowns, which are ~~required~~available to ~~make~~be ~~periodic~~made ~~interest~~within ~~payments~~one onyear ~~our~~after ~~outstanding~~the ~~indebtedness,~~closing ~~and~~date. ~~future~~The ~~interest~~senior ~~payments~~credit ~~will~~facility behas ~~determined~~a ~~based~~term ~~on the amount~~ of ~~outstanding~~five ~~borrowings~~years ~~and~~with ~~prevailing~~a ~~interest~~maturity ~~rates~~date ~~during~~of ~~that~~July ~~time~~19, 2029.

~~Our~~The ~~revolving~~Credit ~~credit~~Agreement ~~facilities~~replaces ~~contain~~the ~~two~~previous ~~maintenance~~revolving ~~financial~~credit ~~covenants~~facility ~~that~~with ~~require~~Wells usFargo toBank, ~~stay below a maximum debt-to-EBITDA ratio of 3~~N.~~25 and maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA-to-interest expense of 3~~A.~~00.~~, ~~Both~~as ~~ratios~~administrative ~~are~~agent, ~~computed~~and ~~quarterly~~other lenders, with ~~EBITDA~~maximum ~~calculated~~borrowings onup ato ~~rolling four-quarter basis~~$385.0 ~~At March 2~~million, ~~2024,~~and wethe ~~were~~two inCanadian ~~compliance~~credit facilities with ~~both~~Bank ~~financial covenants (which are identical in all three~~ of ~~our~~Montreal ~~revolving~~totaling ~~credit facilities)~~$25.0 million USD.

28As a result of the execution of the Credit Agreement, in fiscal 2025, we recognized a loss, within interest expense of $0.5 million for the write-off of unamortized financing fees related to the previous revolving credit facility. Additionally, we capitalized $3.0 million of lender fees and $0.8 million of third-party fees incurred in connection with the Credit Agreement, which were recorded as other non-current assets and will be amortized over the term of the Credit Agreement as interest expense.

The Credit Agreement contains two maintenance financial covenants that require our Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to be less than 3.50 and our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to exceed 3.00. At March 1, 2025, we were in compliance with all covenants as defined under the terms of the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement also contains an acquisition "holiday." In the event we make an acquisition for which the purchase price is greater than $75 million, we can elect to increase the maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to 4.00 for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, commencing with the fiscal quarter in which a qualifying acquisition occurs. No more than two acquisition holidays can occur during the term of the Credit Agreement, and at least two fiscal quarters must separate qualifying acquisitions.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), or, for CAD borrowings, Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA) plus a margin based on the Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). For Base Rate borrowings, the margin ranges from 0.25% to 0.75%. For Term SOFR and CORRA borrowings, the margin ranges from 1.25% to 1.75%, with an incremental Term SOFR and CORRA adjustment of 0.10% and 0.29547%.

The Credit Agreement also contains an "accordion" provision. Under this provision, we can request that the senior credit facility be increased unlimited additional amounts. Any lender may elect or decline to participate in the requested increase at their sole discretion.

On November 4, 2024, as part of the acquisition of UW Solutions, and for working capital and general corporate purposes, we executed a drawdown against the delayed draw term loan facility for $250.0 million.

Outstanding borrowings under the term loan facility were $215.0 million as of March 1, 2025. Outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility were $70.0 million as of March 1, 2025. Outstanding borrowings under the previous revolving credit facility were $50.0 million as of March 2, 2024. We had no outstanding borrowings under the Canadian facilities as of March 2, 2024.

At March 2, 2024, debt included $12.0 million of industrial revenue bonds. We had no outstanding industrial revenue bonds as of March 1, 2025 as in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 we paid the remaining balance of these bonds, including principal and interest outstanding, without penalty.

At March 1, 2025, we had a total of $15.0 million of ongoing letters of credit that expire in fiscal year 2026 and reduce borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. As of March 1, 2025, the amount available for revolving borrowings was $365.0 million.

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~~The~~We ~~revolving~~acquire ~~credit~~the ~~facilities~~use ~~also~~of ~~contain~~certain anassets ~~acquisition~~through ~~holiday.~~operating Inleases, ~~the~~such ~~event~~as weproperty, ~~make~~manufacturing anequipment, ~~acquisition~~vehicles ~~for~~and ~~which~~other ~~the~~equipment. ~~purchase~~Future ~~price~~payments isfor ~~greater~~such ~~than $75 million~~leases, weexcluding ~~can~~leases ~~elect~~with toinitial ~~increase~~terms ~~the~~of ~~maximum~~one ~~debt-to-EBITDA~~year ~~ratio~~or toless, 3were $76.759 ~~for~~million aat ~~period~~March of1, ~~four consecutive fiscal quarters~~2025, ~~commencing~~ with ~~the~~$17.7 ~~fiscal~~million ~~quarter~~payable inwithin ~~which~~the anext ~~qualifying~~12 ~~acquisition occurs~~months. NoSee ~~more~~Note ~~than~~8 ~~two~~for ~~acquisition~~further ~~"holidays"~~detail ~~can~~surrounding ~~occur~~our ~~during~~lease ~~the~~obligations ~~term~~and of the ~~facilities,~~timing ~~and~~of atexpected ~~least~~future ~~two fiscal quarters must separate qualifying acquisitions~~payments.

~~Borrowings~~As ~~under~~of ~~the~~March ~~credit facilities bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)~~1, or2025, inwe ~~the~~had ~~case~~$10.2 million of ~~the~~open ~~Canadian~~purchase ~~facilities~~obligations, ~~Canadian~~of ~~Overnight~~which ~~Repo~~payments ~~Rate~~totaling ~~Average (CORRA) plus, in each, a margin based on the Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreements)~~$7.3 ~~For~~million ~~Base~~are ~~Rate~~expected ~~borrowings, the margin ranges from 0.125%~~ to ~~0.75%.~~become ~~For~~due ~~Term~~within ~~SOFR and CORRA borrowings,~~ the ~~margin~~next ~~ranges~~12 ~~from 1~~months.~~125%~~ toThese ~~1.75%,~~purchase ~~with~~obligations anprimarily ~~incremental~~relate ~~Term~~to ~~SOFR~~raw ~~and~~material ~~CORRA adjustment of 0~~commitments.~~10% and 0.29547%, respectively.~~

~~The~~We ~~U.S.~~expect ~~facility~~to ~~also~~make ~~contains~~contributions anof ~~"accordion"~~approximately ~~provision. Under this provision, we can request that the facility be increased by as much~~ $~~200.~~0.4 million. ~~Any~~to ~~Lender~~our ~~may~~defined-benefit ~~elect~~pension orplans ~~decline~~in tofiscal ~~participate~~2026, inwhich ~~the~~will ~~requested~~equal ~~increase~~or atexceed ~~the~~our ~~Lender’s~~minimum ~~sole~~funding ~~discretion~~requirements.

~~Additionally,~~As atof March 21, ~~2024~~2025, we had areserves ~~total~~ of $156.0 million ~~of ongoing letters of credit related to industrial revenue bonds, construction contracts~~ and ~~insurance~~$0.1 ~~collateral~~million ~~that~~for ~~expire~~long-term inunrecognized ~~fiscal~~tax ~~year~~benefits ~~2025~~ and ~~reduce~~environmental ~~borrowing~~liabilities, ~~capacity~~respectively. ~~under~~We ~~the~~are ~~U.S.~~unable ~~revolving~~to ~~credit~~reasonably ~~facility.~~estimate Asin ofwhich ~~March~~future 2,periods ~~2024,~~ the ~~amount~~remaining ~~available~~unrecognized ~~for~~tax ~~revolving~~benefits ~~borrowings~~will ~~under~~ultimately ~~the~~be Usettled.~~S credit facility was $320.0 million.~~

We ~~acquire~~are ~~the~~required, ~~use~~in ofthe ~~certain~~ordinary ~~assets~~course ~~through~~of ~~operating leases~~business, ~~such~~to asprovide ~~property,~~surety ~~manufacturing~~or ~~equipment,~~performance ~~vehicles~~bonds ~~and~~that ~~other~~commit ~~equipment. Future~~ payments ~~for~~to ~~such~~our ~~leases,~~customers ~~excluding~~for ~~leases~~any ~~with~~non-performance. ~~initial~~At ~~terms~~March of1, ~~one year or less~~2025, ~~were~~ $44394.81 million atof ~~March~~our 2,backlog ~~2024,~~was ~~with~~bonded ~~$12.5~~by ~~million~~performance ~~payable~~bonds ~~within~~with ~~the~~a ~~next~~face 12value ~~months~~of $1.2 ~~See~~billion. ~~Note~~These 8bonds -have ~~Leases~~expiration ofdates ~~the~~that ~~Notes~~align towith ~~Consolidated~~completion ~~Financial~~of ~~Statements~~the ~~included~~purchase inorder ~~Item~~or 8contract. ofWe ~~this~~have ~~Form~~never ~~10-K~~been ~~for~~required ~~further~~to ~~detail~~make ~~surrounding~~payments ~~our~~under ~~lease~~surety ~~obligations~~or ~~and~~performance ~~the~~bonds ~~timing~~with ofrespect ~~expected~~to ~~future~~our ~~payments~~existing businesses.

As of March 2, 2024, we had $41.2 million of open purchase obligations, of which payments totaling $33.7 million are expected to become due within the next 12 months. These purchase obligations primarily relate to raw material commitments.

We expect to make contributions of approximately $0.4 million to our defined-benefit pension plans in fiscal 2025, which will equal or exceed our minimum funding requirements.

As of March 2, 2024, we had reserves of $5.1 million and $0.4 million for long-term unrecognized tax benefits and environmental liabilities, respectively. We are unable to reasonably estimate in which future periods the remaining unrecognized tax benefits will ultimately be settled.

We are required, in the ordinary course of business, to provide surety or performance bonds that commit payments to our customers for any non-performance. At March 2, 2024, $463.3 million of our backlog was bonded by performance bonds with a face value of $1.3 billion. These bonds have expiration dates that align with completion of the purchase order or contract. We have not been required to make any payments under these bonds with respect to our existing businesses.

Due to our ability to generate strong cash from operations and our borrowing capability under our committed revolving credit facilities, we believe that our sources of liquidity will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital expenditure needs. In addition, we believe we have the ability to obtain both short-term and long-term debt to meet our financing needs, including additional sources of debt to finance potential material acquisitions for the foreseeable future. We also believe we will be able to operate our business so as to continue to be in compliance with our existing debt covenants over the next fiscal year.

We continually review our portfolio of businesses and their assets and how they support our business strategy and performance objectives. As part of this review, we may acquire other businesses, pursue geographic expansion, take actions to manage capacity and further invest in, divest and/or sell parts of our current businesses.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 ~~of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements within Item 8 of this Form 10-K~~ for information pertaining to recently issued accounting pronouncements, incorporated herein by reference.

2933

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our analysis of operations and financial condition is based on our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Our estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis and are drawn from historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ under other assumptions or circumstances.

We consider the following items in our consolidated financial statements to require significant estimation or judgment.

Revenue recognition

We generate revenue from the design, engineering and fabrication of architectural glass, curtainwall, window, storefront and entrance systems, and from installing those products on non-residential buildings. We also manufacture value-added glass, acrylic, and ~~acrylic~~industrial flooring products. Due to the diverse nature of our operations and various types of contracts with customers, we have businesses that recognize revenue over time and businesses that recognize revenue at a point in time. We believe the most significant areas of estimation and judgment are related to our businesses that recognize revenue using the over-time input method.

Approximately 3436% of our total revenue in fiscal ~~2024~~2025 was from longer-term, fixed-price contracts, of which the longer term and most significant contracts are in our Architectural Services Segment. The contracts for ~~these~~this ~~businesses~~business have a single, bundled performance obligation, as ~~these~~this ~~businesses~~business generally ~~provide~~provides interrelated products and services and integrate these products and services into a combined output specified by the customer. The customer obtains control of this combined output, generally integrated window systems or installed window and curtainwall systems, over time. We measure progress on these contracts following an input method, by comparing total costs incurred to-date to the total estimated costs for the contract, and record that proportion of the total contract price as revenue in the period. Contract costs include materials, labor and other direct costs related to contract performance. We believe this method of recognizing revenue is consistent with our progress in satisfying our contract obligations.

Due to the nature of the work required under these long-term contracts, the estimation of total revenue and costs incurred and remaining to complete on a project is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for these contracts to contain potential bonuses or penalties which are generally awarded or charged upon certain project milestones or cost or timing targets, and can be based on customer discretion. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on our assessments of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Long-term contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements of work to be performed. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification, generally through a change order, either creates new or changes existing enforceable rights and obligations, and we evaluate these types of modifications to determine whether they may be considered distinct performance obligations. In many cases, these contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract, due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract. Therefore, these modifications are generally accounted for as part of the existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress is recognized as an adjustment to revenue, generally on a cumulative catch-up basis.

Due to the significant judgments utilized in our revenue recognition on long-term contracts, if subsequent actual results and/or updated assumptions, estimates, or projections were to change from those utilized at March 21, ~~2024~~2025, ~~it could result in a material impact to~~ our results of operations in the future. could be materially impacted.

Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets

Goodwill

We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually on the first day in our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill may not be recoverable. Evaluating goodwill for impairment involves the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit in which goodwill is recorded using a qualitative or quantitative analysis. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or a component of an operating segment, for which discrete financial information is available and is reviewed by segment management on a regular basis. The reporting units for our fiscal

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~~The~~2025 ~~reporting units for our fiscal 2024~~ annual impairment test align with our ~~reporting~~Architectural ~~segments~~Metals, ~~with the exception of our~~ Architectural ~~Framing Systems Segment. This segment contains two reporting units~~Services, ~~Window~~ and ~~Wall~~Architectural ~~Systems~~Glass ~~and~~reporting ~~Storefront and Finishing Solutions, which represent $53~~segments.6 ~~million~~The ~~and~~Performance ~~$35.7~~Surfaces ~~million, of the goodwill balance at March 2, 2024, respectively. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, as a result of an announced restructuring plan, we reassessed our~~ reporting ~~units,~~segment ~~which~~consists ~~led to a combination~~ of the ~~Window~~Tru ~~and~~Vue ~~Wall Systems~~ and ~~Storefront~~UW ~~and Finishing~~ Solutions reporting units ~~into one Architectural Framing Systems reporting unit~~. We evaluated goodwill on a qualitative basis prior to and subsequent to this change and concluded that no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill was necessary as a result of this change. In addition, no qualitative indicators of impairment were identified during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. Following this change, we have four reporting units, which align with our reporting segments.

For our fiscal ~~2024~~2025 annual impairment test, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment process and proceed directly to comparing the fair value of each of our reporting units to carrying value, including goodwill. If fair value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill impairment is not indicated. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its estimated fair value, the excess is recognized as an impairment expense.

We estimate the fair value of a reporting unit using both the income approach and the market approach. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow methodology that involves significant judgment and projections of future performance. Assumptions about future revenues and future operating expenses, capital expenditures and changes in working capital are based on the annual operating plan and other business plans for each reporting unit. These plans take into consideration numerous factors, including historical experience, current and future operational plans, anticipated future economic conditions and growth expectations for the industries and end markets in which we participate. These projections are discounted using a weighted-average cost of capital, which considers the risk inherent in our projections of future cash flows. We determine the weighted-average cost of capital for this analysis by weighting the required returns on interest-bearing debt and common equity capital in proportion to their estimated percentages in an expected capital structure, using published data where possible. We used discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainties inherent in the respective businesses and in the internally developed forecasts. The market approach uses a multiple of earnings and revenue based on publicly traded companies.

Based on these analyses, estimated fair value exceeded carrying value at all of our reporting units. The discounted cash flow projections used in these analyses are dependent upon achieving forecasted levels of revenue and profitability. If revenue or profitability were to fall below forecasted levels, or if market conditions were to decline in a material or sustained manner, impairment could be indicated at our reporting units and we could incur non-cash impairment expense that would negatively impact our net earnings. For example, keeping all other assumptions constant, a 100 basis point increase in the weighted average cost of capital would cause the estimated fair values of our reporting units to decrease in the range of $1713 million to $4660 million. In addition, keeping all other assumptions constant, a 100 basis point reduction in the long-term growth rate would cause the estimated fair values of our reporting units to decrease in the range of $714 million to $2031 million. Given the amounts by which the fair value exceeds the carrying value for each of our reporting units, the decreases in estimated fair values described above would not have significantly impacted the results of our impairment tests.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets

We have intangible assets for certain acquired trade names and trademarks which we have determined to have indefinite useful lives. We evaluate the reasonableness of the useful lives and test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually at the same measurement date as goodwill, the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired.

For our fiscal ~~2024~~2025 annual impairment test, we bypassed a qualitative assessment and performed a quantitative impairment test to compare the fair value of each indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment expense is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. If an impairment expense is recognized, the adjusted carrying amount becomes the asset's new accounting basis.

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Fair value is measured using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes the trade name or trademark has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from the asset. This method requires estimation of future revenue from the related asset, the appropriate royalty rate, and the weighted average cost of capital. The assessment of fair value involves significant judgment and projections about future performance. In the fair value analysis, we assumed a discount ~~rates~~rate ~~ranging~~of ~~from 13~~12.5% ~~to 14.0%~~, a royalty rate of 1.5%, and a long-term growth ~~rate~~rates ofranging 3from 0.0% to 1.5%. Based on our annual analysis, the ~~fair~~carrying ~~value~~amount offor ~~each~~certain of our trade names ~~and trademarks~~ exceeded the carrying amount. The discounted cash flow projections used in these analyses are dependent upon achieving forecasted levels of revenue. If revenue was to fall below forecasted levels, or if market conditions were to decline in a material or sustained manner, impairment could be indicated for our indefinite-lived intangible assets and we could incur non-cash impairment expense that would negatively impact our net earnings. For example, keeping all other assumptions constant, a 100 basis point increase in the weighted average cost of capital would cause the estimated fair ~~values of our indefinite-lived intangibles to fall below carrying~~ value, ~~and~~indicating ~~would indicate~~ impairment of ~~around~~ $07.46 million.

We continue to conclude that the useful lives of our remaining indefinite-lived intangible assets isare appropriate. If future revenue were to fall below forecasted levels or if market conditions were to decline in a material or sustained manner, impairment could be indicated on these indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Reserves for disputes and claims regarding product liability, warranties and other project-related contingencies

We are subject to claims associated with our products and services, principally as a result of disputes with our customers involving the performance or aesthetics of our products, some of which may be covered under our warranty policies. We have in the past and are currently subject to product liability and warranty claims, including certain legal claims related to a commercial sealant product formerly incorporated into our products. We also are subject to project management and installation-related contingencies as a result of our fixed-price material supply and installation service contracts, primarily in our Architectural Services Segment and certain of our Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals ~~Systems~~ businesses. The time period from when a claim is asserted to when it is resolved, either by negotiation, settlement or litigation, can be several years. While we maintain various types of product liability insurance, the insurance policies include significant self-retention of risk in the form of policy deductibles. In addition, certain claims could be determined to be uninsured. We also actively manage the risk of these exposures through contract negotiations and proactive project management.

We reserve estimated exposures on known claims, as well as on a portion of anticipated claims for product warranty and rework costs, based on similar historical product liability claims, as a ratio of sales. We also reserve for estimated exposures on other claims as they are known and reasonably estimable.

Income taxes

We are required to make judgments regarding the potential tax effects of various financial transactions and ongoing operations to estimate our obligation to taxing authorities. These tax obligations include income, real estate, franchise and sales/use taxes. Judgments related to income taxes require the recognition in our financial statements that a tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained on audit.

Judgment and estimation is required in developing the provision for income taxes and the reporting of tax-related assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances. The interpretation of tax laws can involve uncertainty, since tax authorities may interpret such laws differently. Actual income tax could vary from estimated amounts and may result in favorable or unfavorable impacts to net income, cash flows and tax-related assets and liabilities. In addition, the effective tax rate may be affected by other changes, including the allocation of property, payroll and revenues between states.

We assess the deferred tax assets for recoverability taking into consideration historical and anticipated earnings levels; the reversal of other existing temporary differences; available net operating losses and tax carryforwards; and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the deferred tax assets. Based on this assessment, management must evaluate the need for, and amount of, a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets. As facts and circumstances change, adjustment to the valuation allowance may be required.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to ongoing market risk related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and raw material pricing.

Interest Rate Risk

A rise in interest rates could negatively affect the fair value of our fixed income investments, while serving to provide greater long-term return potential on these investments. To manage our direct risk from changes in market interest rates, we actively monitor the interest-sensitive components of our balance sheet, primarily available-for-sale securities, fixed income securities and debt obligations, and maintain a diversified portfolio in order to minimize the impact of changes in interest rates on net earnings and cash flow. We do not hold any financial instruments for trading purposes. We also hedge a portion of the floating interest rate on our long-term line of credit through atwo floating-to-fixed interest rate ~~swap~~swaps.

The primary measure of interest rate risk is the simulation of net income under different interest rate environments. If interest rates were to increase or decrease over the next 12 months by 200 basis points, net earnings would be impacted by approximately $1.0.6 million. Our debt exceeded investments at March 21, ~~2024~~2025, so as interest rates increase, net earnings decrease; as interest rates decrease, net earnings increase.

In addition to the market risk related to interest rate changes on our financial instruments, the non-residential construction markets in which our businesses operate are highly affected by changes in interest rates. Increases in interest rates could adversely impact activity in the non-residential construction industry and our operating results.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We are subject to market risk due to changes in the value of foreign currencies in relation to our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar.

We have operations in Canada, ~~and~~ Brazil, Belgium, and Australia which primarily transact business in local currencies. We manage these operating activities locally. Revenues, costs, assets and liabilities of these operations are generally denominated in local currencies, thereby mitigating some of the risk associated with changes in foreign exchange rates. However, our consolidated financial results are reported in U.S. dollars. Thus, changes in exchange rates between the Canadian dollar, ~~and~~ Brazilian Real, Euro, and Australian dollar versus the U.S. dollar, will impact our reported financial results. From time to time, we enter into forward purchase foreign currency contracts, generally with an original maturity date of less than one year, to hedge foreign currency risk (see Note 4 ~~of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K~~). Sales from our domestic operations are generally denominated in U.S. dollars.

Raw Material Pricing Risk

We are subject to market risk exposure related to volatility in the prices of aluminum and lumber, among other raw materials and supplies used in our end products. A significant amount of our cost of sales relates to materials costs. The commodities markets, which include the aluminum industry, are highly cyclical in nature. As a result, commodity costs can be volatile. Commodity costs are influenced by numerous factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions, the availability of raw materials, competition, labor costs, freight and transportation costs, production costs, tariffs, import duties and other trade restrictions.

We principally manage our exposures to the market fluctuations in the aluminum industry through ~~fixed/floating rate swaps and~~ forward purchase agreements. Although we have the ability to purchase aluminum from a number of suppliers, a production cutback by one or more of our current suppliers could create challenges in meeting delivery schedules to our customers. The prices we offer to our customers are also impacted by changes in commodity costs. We manage the alignment of the cost of our raw materials and the prices offered to customers, and attempt to pass changes to raw material costs through to our customers. To improve our management of commodity costs, we attempt to maintain inventory levels not in excess of our production requirements.

We cannot accurately calculate the pre-tax impact a one percent change in the commodity costs of aluminum and/or lumber would have on our fiscal ~~2024~~2025 operating results, as the change in commodity costs would both impact the cost to purchase materials and the selling prices we offer our customers. The impact to our operating results would significantly depend on the competitive environment and the costs of other alternative products, which could impact our ability to pass commodities costs to our customers.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of Apogee Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The Company's management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025, using criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). ~~The Company's management believes that, as of March 2, 2024, the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.~~

~~Following~~On ~~this~~November ~~report~~4, ~~are~~2024, ~~reports~~we completed our acquisition of UW Solutions. In accordance with Securities Exchange Commission guidance permitting a company to exclude an acquired business from management’s assessment of the ~~Company's~~effectiveness ~~independent~~of ~~registered~~internal ~~public~~control ~~accounting~~over ~~firm~~financial reporting for the year in which the acquisition is completed, ~~Deloitte~~we &have ~~Touche~~excluded ~~LLP~~UW Solutions from our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of March 1, on2025. The assets and net sales revenue of UW Solutions that were excluded from our assessment constituted approximately 21.5% and 2.4%, respectively, of the ~~Company's~~related consolidated financial ~~statements~~statement amounts as of and onfor the year ended March 1, 2025. The scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as March 1, 2025 includes all of our consolidated operations except for those disclosure controls and procedures of UW Solutions. See Note 17 for additional information regarding the UW Solutions acquisition. Based on our assessment, the Company's management believes that, as of March 1, 2025, the Company's internal control over financial reporting aswas ofeffective ~~March~~based 2,on ~~2024.~~those criteria.

34Following this report are reports from the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, on the Company's consolidated financial statements and on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 1, 2025.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Apogee Enterprises, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Apogee Enterprises, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, and the related consolidated results of operations, statements of comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and shareholders' equity, for each of the three years in the period ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 2624, ~~2024~~2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Net Sales — Revenue Recognition for Long-Term Contracts in the Architectural Services Segment — Refer to Notes 1, 2, and 1516 to the consolidated financial statements

The Architectural Services ~~segment~~Segment, which provides building glass and curtainwall installation services and operates under long-term, fixed-price contracts, accounted for approximately $~~378~~419.49 million, or 2731 percent of total net sales for the year ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025. The contracts for this business typically have a single, bundled performance obligation, as the business generally provides interrelated products and services and integrates these products and services into a combined output specified by the customer. The customer obtains control of this combined output, generally integrated window systems or installed window and curtainwall systems, over time. The Company measures progress on these contracts following an input method, by comparing total costs incurred to-date to the total estimated costs for the contract and recording that proportion of the total contract price as revenue.

Given the judgments necessary to estimate total costs and profit for the contract performance obligations used to recognize revenue for long-term, fixed-price contracts in the Architectural Services ~~segment~~Segment, auditing such estimates required extensive audit effort due to the complexity of long-term contracts and a high degree of auditor judgment when performing audit procedures and evaluating the results of those procedures.

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How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to management’s estimates of total costs and profit for the contract performance obligations used to recognize revenue for certain long-term contracts in the Architectural Services ~~segment~~Segment included, but were not limited to the following:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over long-term contract revenue, including those over the estimates of total costs and profit for performance obligations.

•We developed an expectation of the amount of total long-term contract revenue based on prior year margins applied to cost of sales in the current year and compared our expectation to the amount of long-term contract revenue ultimately recorded by management.

•We evaluated management’s ability to estimate total costs and profit by comparing actual costs and profit to management’s historical estimates for performance obligations that have been fulfilled.

•We selected a sample of long-term contracts from the contract portfolio and performed the following procedures:

•◦Evaluated whether the long-term contracts were properly included in management’s calculation of long-term contract revenue based on the terms and conditions of each contract, including whether continuous transfer of control to the customer occurred as progress was made toward fulfillment of the performance obligations.

•◦Compared the transaction prices to the consideration expected to be received based on current rights and obligations under the long-term contracts and any modifications that were agreed upon with the customers.

•◦Tested management’s identification of distinct performance obligations by evaluating whether the underlying services are highly interdependent and interrelated.

•◦Tested the accuracy and completeness of the costs incurred to date for the performance obligations.

~~•We~~◦Tested ~~tested~~ the mathematical accuracy of management’s calculation of long-term contract revenue for the performance obligation.

•Evaluated the estimates of total cost and profit for the performance obligations by:

•◦Comparing costs incurred to date to the costs management estimated to be incurred to date.

•◦Evaluating management’s ability to achieve the estimates of total cost and profit by performing corroborating inquiries with the Company’s project managers and engineers, and comparing the estimates to management’s work plans, engineering specifications, and supplier contracts.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Minneapolis, MN

April 2624, ~~2024~~2025

We have served as the Company's auditor since fiscal 2003.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of

Apogee Enterprises, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Apogee Enterprises, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 21, ~~2024~~2025, of the Company and our report dated April 2624, ~~2024~~2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

As described in Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at UW Solutions, which was acquired on November 4, 2024, and whose financial statements constitute approximately 21.5% and 2.4% of assets and net sales revenue, respectively, of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended March 1, 2025. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at UW Solutions.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Minneapolis, MN

April 2624, ~~2024~~2025

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)	March 21, ~~2024~~2025		~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3741,~~216~~448	$	1937,~~924~~216
Restricted cash	—		1,549
Receivables, net	185,590		173,557
Receivables, net	173,557		197,267
Inventories, net	92,305		69,240
Inventories, net	69,240		78,441
Contract assets	71,842		49,502
Contract assets	49,502		59,403
Other current assets	50,919		29,124
Other current assets	29,124		26,517
Total current assets	442,104		358,639
Total current assets	358,639		383,101
Property, plant and equipment, net	268,139		244,216
Property, plant and equipment, net	244,216		248,867
Operating lease right-of-use assets	62,314		40,221
Operating lease right-of-use assets	40,221		41,354
Goodwill	235,775		129,182
Goodwill	129,182		129,026
Intangible assets, net	128,417		66,114
Intangible assets, net	66,114		67,375
Other non-current assets	38,520		45,692
Other non-current assets	45,692		45,642
Total assets	$	1,175,269	$	884,064
Total assets	$	884,064	$	915,365
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	8498,~~755~~804	$	8684,~~549~~755
Accrued compensation and benefits	5348,~~801~~510		5153,~~651~~801
Contract liabilities	3435,~~755~~193		2834,~~011~~755
Operating lease liabilities	1215,~~286~~290		1112,~~806~~286
Other current liabilities	5987,~~108~~659		6459,~~532~~108
Total current liabilities	~~244~~285,~~705~~456		~~242~~244,~~549~~705
Long-term debt	62285,000		~~169~~62,~~837~~000
Non-current operating lease liabilities	3151,~~907~~632		3331,~~072~~907
Non-current self-insurance reserves	30,~~552~~382		2930,~~316~~552
Other non-current liabilities	4334,~~875~~901		4443,~~183~~875
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 10)
Shareholders’ equity
Junior preferred stock of $1.00 par value; authorized 200,000 shares; zero issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock of $0.33-1/3 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 22,089,265 and 22,224,299 shares, respectively	7,363		7,408
Common stock of $0.33-1/3 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 21,417,631 and 22,089,265 shares, respectively	7,139		7,363
Additional paid-in capital	~~152~~156,~~818~~075		~~146~~152,~~816~~818
Retained earnings	~~340~~359,~~375~~976		~~273~~340,~~740~~375
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2935,~~531~~292)		(3129,~~556~~531)
Total shareholders’ equity	~~471~~487,~~025~~898		~~396~~471,~~408~~025
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	~~884~~1,~~064~~175,269	$	~~915~~884,~~365~~064

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	Year-Ended
	March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023		February 26, 2022
	March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023
(In thousands, except per share data)	(5352 weeks)		(5253 weeks)		(52 weeks)
Net sales	$	1,~~416~~360,~~942~~994	$	1,~~440~~416,~~696~~942	$	1,~~313~~440,~~977~~696
Cost of sales	1,~~049~~001,~~814~~101		1,~~105~~049,~~423~~814		1,~~039~~105,~~816~~423
Gross profit	~~367~~359,~~128~~893		~~335~~367,~~273~~128		~~274~~335,~~161~~273
Selling, general and administrative expenses	~~233~~241,~~295~~783		~~209~~233,~~485~~295		~~202~~209,~~643~~485
Impairment expense on goodwill and intangible assets	—		—		49,473
Operating income	118,110		133,833		125,788
Operating income	133,833		125,788		22,045
Interest expense, net	6,159		6,669		7,660
Interest expense, net	6,669		7,660		3,767
Other (income) expense, net	(623)		(2,089)		1,507
Other (income) expense, net	(2,089)		1,507		4,409
Earnings before income taxes	112,574		129,253		116,621
Earnings before income taxes	129,253		116,621		13,869
Income tax expense	27,522		29,640		12,514
Income tax expense	29,640		12,514		10,383
Net earnings	$	85,052	$	99,613	$	104,107
Net earnings	$	99,613	$	104,107	$	3,486
Basic earnings per share	$	3.91	$	4.55	$	4.73
Basic earnings per share	$	4.55	$	4.73	$	0.14
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.89	$	4.51	$	4.64
Diluted earnings per share	$	4.51	$	4.64	$	0.14
Weighted average basic shares outstanding	21,726		21,871		22,007
Weighted average basic shares outstanding	21,871		22,007		24,920
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	21,891		22,091		22,416
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	22,091		22,416		25,292

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS

	Year-Ended
	March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023		February 26, 2022
	March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023
(In thousands)	(5352 weeks)		(5253 weeks)		(52 weeks)
Net earnings	$	9985,~~613~~052	$	~~104~~99,~~107~~613	$	3104,~~486~~107
Other comprehensive earnings (loss):
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings:
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of $59, $(131) and $(96) of tax expense (benefit), respectively	222		(492)		(360)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of $49, $59 and $(131) of tax expense (benefit), respectively	184		222		(492)
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of $(22), $(672) and $633 of tax (benefit) expense, respectively	(72)		(2,205)		2,074
Unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of $(135), $(22) and $(672) of tax benefit, respectively	(442)		(72)		(2,205)
Unrealized gain on pension obligation, net of $261, $222 and $117 of tax expense, respectively	857		726		382
Unrealized gain on pension obligation, net of $23, $261 and $222 of tax expense, respectively	79		857		726
Foreign currency translation adjustments	1(5,~~018~~582)		(31,~~345)~~018		(~~309~~3,345)
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)	2,025		(5,316)		1,787
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings	(5,761)		2,025		(5,316)
Total comprehensive earnings	$	~~101~~79,~~638~~291	$	98101,~~791~~638	$	598,~~273~~791

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Year-Ended
	March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023		February 26, 2022
	March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023
(In thousands)	(5352 weeks)		(5253 weeks)		(52 weeks)
Operating Activities
Net earnings	$	9985,~~613~~052	$	~~104~~99,~~107~~613	$	3104,~~486~~107
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4144,~~588~~608		4241,~~403~~588		4942,~~993~~403
Share-based compensation	910,~~721~~725		89,~~656~~721		68,~~293~~656
Deferred income taxes	(93,~~748)~~836		(79,~~185~~748)		(7,~~956~~185)
Asset impairment charges	6,195		—		21,497
Asset impairment on property, plant and equipment	—		6,195		—
Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment	~~826~~408		~~(3,815)~~826		(203,~~987~~815)
Impairment expense on goodwill and intangible assets	—		—		49,473
Impairment on intangible assets	7,634		—		—
Proceeds from New Markets Tax Credit transaction, net of deferred costs	—		~~18,390~~—		—18,390
Settlement of New Markets Tax Credit transaction	~~(4,687)~~—		(194,~~523~~687)		—(19,523)
Non-cash lease expense	1113,~~721~~749		11,~~878~~721		1211,~~418~~878
Other, net	4(1,~~615~~247)		54,~~399~~615		(15,~~272)~~399
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	~~23,993~~(508)		~~(62~~23,~~304)~~993		7(62,~~521~~304)
Inventories	9(5,~~366~~810)		19,~~731~~366		(71,~~706)~~731
Contract assets	9(22,~~880~~625)		(39,~~380)~~880		(~~897~~3,380)
Accounts payable	(29,~~655)~~595		(52,~~491~~655)		14(5,~~738~~491)
Accrued compensation and benefits	2(11,~~102~~793)		(12,~~810)~~102		~~912~~(1,810)
Contract liabilities	~~6,590~~598		206,~~952~~590		~~(14~~20,~~288)~~952
Operating lease liability	(12,~~632~~703)		(12,~~149~~632)		(12,~~720~~149)
Refundable and accrued income taxes	6,523		(6,976)		11,017
Accrued income taxes	(5,120)		6,523		(6,976)
Other current assets and liabilities	18,~~143~~763		111,~~813~~143		(11,~~051)~~813
Net cash provided by operating activities	~~204~~125,~~154~~162		~~102~~204,~~696~~154		~~100~~102,~~471~~696
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(4335,~~180~~593)		(4543,~~177~~180)		(2145,~~841~~177)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment	~~293~~693		~~7,755~~293		307,~~599~~755
Purchases of marketable securities	(2,~~953~~394)		—(2,953)		~~(1,038)~~—
Sales/maturities of marketable securities	23,~~165~~570		92,~~712~~165		19,~~563~~712
Net cash (used) provided by investing activities	(43,675)		(27,710)		9,283
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	(232,169)		—		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(265,893)		(43,675)		(27,710)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities	~~196~~77,~~964~~201		~~485~~196,~~879~~964		—485,879
Repayment on debt	—		(151,000)		(2,000)
Repayment on revolving credit facilities	(57,201)		(304,817)		(327,865)
Repayments on revolving credit facilities	(304,817)		(327,865)		—
Proceeds from term loans	250,000		—		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	—		—		4,115
Repayment of debt	(47,000)		—		(151,000)
Repurchase of common stock	(11,821)		(74,312)		(100,414)
Payments of debt issuance costs	(3,798)		—		—
Dividends paid	(21,133)		(19,670)		(20,266)
Repurchase of common stock	(45,364)		(11,821)		(74,312)
Other, net	(3,800)		(4,055)		(2,007)
Dividends paid	(21,737)		(21,133)		(19,670)
Net cash used by financing activities	(144,607)		(91,023)		(120,572)
Other, net	(6,052)		(3,800)		(4,055)
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(129)		(73)		1,124
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	146,049		(144,607)		(91,023)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	15,743		(16,110)		(9,694)
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(1,086)		(129)		(73)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	21,473		37,583		47,277
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	4,232		15,743		(16,110)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	37,216	$	21,473	$	37,583
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	37,216		21,473		37,583
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	41,448	$	37,216	$	21,473
Non-cash Activity
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	$	3,~~588~~313	$	23,~~909~~588	$	2,~~326~~909

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

(In thousands, except per share data)	Common Shares Outstanding	Common Stock at Par Value		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at February 27, 2021	25,714	$	8,571	$	154,958	$	357,243	$	(28,027)	$	492,745
Net earnings	—	—		—		3,486		—		3,486
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		1,787		1,787
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations	172	57		(190)		221		—		88
Share-based compensation	—	—		6,293		—		—		6,293
Exercise of stock options	179	60		4,055		—		—		4,115
Share repurchases	(2,309)	(769)		(15,055)		(84,590)		—		(100,414)
Other share retirements	(55)	(18)		(348)		(1,269)		—		(1,635)
Cash dividends ($0.8200 per share)	—	—		—		(20,266)		—		(20,266)
Balance at February 26, 2022	23,701	$	7,901	$	149,713	$	254,825	$	(26,240)	$	386,199
Net earnings	—	—		—		104,107		—		104,107
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(5,316)		(5,316)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(5,316)		(5,316)
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations	113	37		153		35		—		225
Share-based compensation	—	—		8,656		—		—		8,656
Exercise of stock options	36	12		(954)		—		—		(942)
Share repurchases	(1,571)	(524)		(10,350)		(63,438)		—		(74,312)
Other share retirements	(55)	(18)		(402)		(2,119)		—		(2,539)
Cash dividends ($0.9000 per share)	—	—		—		(19,670)		—		(19,670)
Balance at February 25, 2023	22,224	$	7,408	$	146,816	$	273,740	$	(31,556)	$	396,408
Net earnings	—	—		—		99,613		—		99,613
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		2,025		2,025
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations	171	58		(150)		(40)		—		(132)
Share-based compensation	—	—		9,721		—		—		9,721
Exercise of stock options	25	8		(840)		—		—		(832)
Share repurchases	(280)	(93)		(1,989)		(9,739)		—		(11,821)
Other share retirements	(51)	(18)		(740)		(2,066)		—		(2,824)
Cash dividends ($0.9700 per share)	—	—		—		(21,133)		—		(21,133)
Balance at March 2, 2024	22,089	$	7,363	$	152,818	$	340,375	$	(29,531)	$	471,025
Net earnings	—	—		—		85,052		—		85,052
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(5,761)		(5,761)
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations	214	71		(312)		241		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		10,725		—		—		10,725
Share repurchases	(787)	(263)		(6,415)		(38,686)		—		(45,364)
Other share retirements	(98)	(32)		(741)		(5,269)		—		(6,042)
Cash dividends ($1.0100 per share)	—	—		—		(21,737)		—		(21,737)
Balance at March 1, 2025	21,418	$	7,139	$	156,075	$	359,976	$	(35,292)	$	487,898

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Related Data

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the balances of Apogee Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Apogee, we, us, our or the Company) after elimination of intercompany balances and transactions. We consolidate variable interest entities related to our New Markets Tax Credit transactions as it has been determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of those entities' operations (refer to Note 10 for more information).

Fiscal year

Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to the last day of February,. orFiscal as2025 ~~otherwise~~and ~~determined~~fiscal by2023 ~~our~~each ~~Board of Directors. Fiscal 2024~~ consisted of 5352 weeks, while fiscal ~~2023~~2024 ~~and fiscal 2022 each~~ consisted of 5253 weeks.

Accounting estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of cash flows and notes to consolidated financial statements to conform to current year presentation of contract assets and liabilities. These reclassifications had no impact on reported cash flows or total assets and liabilities.

Cash equivalents

Highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are included in cash equivalents and are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

Restricted ~~Cash~~cash

Cash held that is specifically dedicated to fund each capital project related to our New Markets Tax Credit transactions.

Marketable securities

To the extent the amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale securities exceeds the fair value, we assess the debt securities for credit loss. When assessing the risk of credit loss, we consider factors such as the severity and the reason of the decline in value, including any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency or other adverse conditions specifically related to the security, and management's intended holding period and time horizon for selling. During fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024, and ~~2022~~2023, the Company did not recognize any credit losses related to its available-for-sale securities. Further, as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses related to its available-for-sale securities. Marketable securities are included in other current and non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and gross realized gains and losses are included in other (income) expense, net in our consolidated results of operations.

Inventories

Inventories, which consist primarily of purchased glass and aluminum, are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment (PP&E) is recorded at cost. Significant improvements and renewals that extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance items are generally charged to expense aswhen incurred. When an asset is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any related gains or losses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Long-lived assets to be held and used, such as PP&E, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis, based on estimated useful lives of 10 to 2545 years for buildings and improvements; 3 to 1015 years for machinery and equipment; and 3 to 710 years for computer and office equipment and furniture.

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Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets or asset groups, including definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization and property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances such as asset utilization, physical change, legal factors or other matters indicate that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable. When this review indicates the carrying value of an asset or asset group exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group, an asset impairment expense is recognized in earnings in the period such a determination is made. The amount of the impairment expense recorded is the amount by which the carrying value of the impaired asset or asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flows.

As a result of restructuring plans announced during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, asset impairments on property, plant and equipment and leases in the amount of $6.2 million were recorded for the year ended March 2, 2024. As a result of restructuring plans announced during the second quarter of fiscal 2022, asset impairments on property, plant and equipment and leases in the amount of $21.5 million were recorded for the year ended February 26, 2022.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2022, an impairment of $3.0 million was recognized within other (income) expense within the consolidated results of operations related to a minority equity investment held by the Company. This represents a write-down of the entire investment in the other company.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, based on the finalization of our plans for integrating the Sotawall business into the Architectural Services Segment, which was effective beginning in fiscal 2023, we determined that the related definite-lived intangible assets were impaired as of February 26, 2022. As such, a long-lived asset impairment charge of $36.7 million in finite-lived intangible assets was recognized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022 within the Architectural Framing Systems Segment.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identified intangible assets of acquired businesses. We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually on the first day in our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the goodwill may not be recoverable.

Evaluating goodwill for impairment involves the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit in which goodwill is recorded using a qualitative or quantitative analysis. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed by segment management on a regular basis. At the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we began management of the Sotawall and Harmon businesses under the Architectural Services Segment in order to create a single, unified offering for larger custom curtainwall projects. In connection with the transition, leadership of our Sotawall and Harmon businesses was combined to form the Architectural Services reporting unit. We evaluated goodwill on a qualitative basis prior to and subsequent to this change for these reporting units and concluded no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill was necessary as a result of this change. Concurrent with this change in composition of the operating segments effective at the start of our first quarter of fiscal 2023, goodwill was reallocated to the affected reporting units within each operating segment, using a relative fair value approach as outlined in ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.

~~The~~During ~~reporting~~the ~~units~~third ~~for~~quarter ~~our~~of fiscal ~~2024 annual impairment test align with reporting segments~~2025, ~~with~~we ~~the~~acquired ~~exception~~UW ~~of our Architectural Framing Systems Segment. This segment contains two reporting units~~Interco, ~~Window~~LLC ~~and~~(UW ~~Wall Systems and Storefront and Finishing~~ Solutions~~, which represent $53~~).6 ~~million~~As ~~and $35.7 million, of the goodwill balance at March 2, 2024, respectively. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, as~~ a result ~~of an announced restructuring plan~~, we reassessed our reporting units,. ~~which~~The ~~led~~reporting tounits afor ~~combination~~our offiscal ~~the~~2025 ~~Window~~annual ~~and~~impairment ~~Wall~~test ~~Systems~~align ~~and~~with ~~Storefront~~our ~~and Finishing Solutions~~ reporting ~~units~~segments ~~into~~for ~~one~~ Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals, ~~Systems~~Architectural ~~reporting~~Services, ~~unit. We evaluated goodwill on a qualitative basis prior to~~ and ~~subsequent~~Architectural toGlass. ~~this~~The ~~change~~Performance ~~and~~Surfaces ~~concluded~~reporting ~~that~~segment noconsists ~~adjustment~~of to the ~~carrying~~Tru ~~value~~Vue ofand ~~goodwill~~UW ~~was~~Solutions ~~necessary~~reporting ~~as a result of this change~~units. InNo ~~addition, no~~ qualitative indicators of impairment were identified during the fourth quarter of fiscal ~~2024~~2025. ~~Following this change, we have four reporting units, which align with our reporting segments.~~

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We estimate the fair value of a reporting unit using both the income approach and the market approach. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow methodology that involves significant judgment and projections of future performance. Assumptions about future revenues and future operating expenses, capital expenditures and changes in working capital are based on the annual operating plan and other business plans for each reporting unit. These plans take into consideration numerous factors, including historical experience, current and future operational plans, anticipated future economic conditions and growth expectations for the industries and end markets in which we participate. These projections are discounted using a weighted-average cost of capital, which considers the risk inherent in our projections of future cash flows. We determine the weighted-average cost of capital for this analysis by weighting the required returns on interest bearing debt and common equity capital in proportion to their estimated percentages in an expected capital structure, using published data where possible. We used discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainties inherent in the respective businesses and in the internally developed forecasts. The market approach uses a multiple of earnings and revenue based on guidelines for publicly traded companies.

Intangible assets

Fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is measured using the relief-from-royalty method. This method assumes the trade name or trademark has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from the asset. This method requires estimation of future revenue from the related asset, the appropriate royalty rate, and the weighted average cost of capital. The assessment of fair value involves significant judgment and projections about future performance. Based on our annual impairment analysis and changes to our branding strategies in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, the carrying amount for certain of our trade names exceeded the fair value. As a result, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $7.6 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025.

Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized based on estimated useful lives ranging from 18 months to 30 years and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We use undiscounted cash flows to determine whether impairment exists and measure any impairment loss using discounted cash flows to determine the fair value of long-lived assets.

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The estimated useful lives of all intangible assets are reviewed annually, and we have determined that the remaining lives were appropriate. Refer to Note 6 for additional information.

Leases

We have commercially negotiated leases where we recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on our consolidated balance sheet at lease commencement for leases with terms greater than twelve months. The initial lease liability is recognized at the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We combine lease and non-lease components, such as common area maintenance costs, in calculating the related asset and lease liabilities for all underlying asset groups. Refer to Note 8 for additional information.

Self-Insurance

We obtain commercial insurance to provide coverage for potential losses in areas such as employment practices, workers' compensation, directors and officers, automobile, architect's and engineer's errors and omissions, product rework and general liability. A substantial portion of this risk is retained on a self-insured basis through our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary. We establish a reserve for estimated ultimate losses on reported claims and those incurred but not yet reported utilizing actuarial projections. Reserves are classified within other current liabilities or non-current self-insurance reserves based on expectations of when the estimated loss will be paid.

Additionally, we maintain a self-insurance reserve for health insurance programs offered to eligible employees, included within other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The reserve includes an estimate for losses on reported claims as well as for amounts incurred but not yet reported, based on historical trends.

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Warranty and project-related contingencies

We are subject to claims associated with our products and services, principally as a result of disputes with our customers involving the performance or aesthetics of our architectural products and services. We reserve estimated exposures on known claims, as well as on a portion of anticipated claims for product warranty and rework costs, based on historical product liability claims as a ratio of sales. We also reserve for estimated backcharge exposures or other claims as they are known and reasonably estimable. Reserves are included in other current and non-current liabilities based on the estimated timing of dispute resolution.

Foreign currency

Local currencies are considered the functional currencies for our subsidiaries outside of the United States. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated using average monthly exchange rates. Translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets.

Derivatives and hedging activities

We are exposed to, among other risks, the impact of changes in aluminum prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates in the normal course of business. In order to manage the exposure and volatility arising from these risks, we may utilize derivative financial instruments to offset a portion of these risks. We use derivative financial instruments ~~only~~ to hedge identified business risks, and do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes and are not a party to leveraged derivatives.

All derivative instruments within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, are recorded as either assets or liabilities at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. All hedging instruments that qualify for hedge accounting are designated and effective as hedges with changes recognized in other comprehensive earnings (loss). Instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are marked to market with changes recognized directly in net earnings. Cash flows from derivative instruments are classified in the statements of cash flows in the same category as the cash flows from the items subject to designated hedge or undesignated (economic) hedge relationships. Refer to Note 4 for additional information.

Revenue recognition

Our ~~significant~~ accounting policy for revenue recognition follows ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We generate revenue from the design, engineering and fabrication of architectural glass, curtainwall, window, storefront and entrance systems, and from installing those products on non-residential buildings. We also ~~manufacture~~coat and fabricate value-added glass, ~~and~~aluminum, acrylic and medium-density fiberboard products. Due to the diverse nature of our operations and various types of ~~contracts~~arrangements with customers, we have businesses that recognize revenue at ~~a point in time at~~ shipment, businesses that recognize revenue following an over-time input method and businesses that recognize revenue following an over-time output method.

Approximately 42% of our fiscal 2024 revenue was recognized at the time products were shipped from our manufacturing facilities, which is when control is transferred to our customer, consistent with past practices. These businesses do not generate contract-related assets or liabilities. Variable consideration associated with these contracts and orders, generally related to early pay discounts or volume rebates, is not considered significant.49

Approximately 34% of our fiscal 2024 revenue was from long-term, fixed-price contracts, following an over-time input method. The contracts for these businesses have a single, bundled performance obligation, as these businesses generally provide interrelated products and services and integrate these products and services into a combined output specified by the customer. The customer obtains control of this combined output, generally integrated window systems or installed window and curtainwall systems, over time. We measure progress on these contracts following an input method, by comparing total costs incurred to-date to the total estimated costs for the contract, and record that proportion of the total contract price as revenue in the period. Contract costs include materials, labor and other direct costs related to contract performance. We believe this method of recognizing revenue is consistent with our progress in satisfying our contract obligations.

Due to the nature of the work required under these long-term contracts, the estimation of total revenue and costs incurred throughout a project is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for these contracts to contain potential bonuses or penalties which are generally awarded or charged upon certain project milestones or cost or timing targets, and these can be based on customer discretion. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on our assessments of anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

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Approximately 42% of our fiscal 2025 revenue was recognized at the time products were shipped from our manufacturing facilities, which is when control is transferred to our customer. These businesses do not generate contract-related assets or liabilities. Variable consideration associated with these contracts and orders, generally related to early pay discounts or volume rebates, is not considered significant.

Approximately 36% of our fiscal 2025 revenue was from fixed-price contracts, following an over-time input method. The contracts for these businesses have a single, bundled performance obligation, as these businesses generally provide interrelated products and services and integrate these products and services into a combined output specified by the customer. The customer obtains control of this combined output, generally integrated window systems or installed window and curtainwall systems, over time. We measure progress on these contracts following an input method, by comparing total costs incurred to-date to the total estimated costs for the contract, and record that proportion of the total contract price as revenue in the period. Contract costs include materials, labor and other direct costs related to contract performance. We believe this method of recognizing revenue is consistent with our progress in satisfying our contract obligations.

Long-term contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements of work to be performed. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification, generally through a change order, either creates new or changes existing enforceable rights and obligations, and we evaluate these types of modifications to determine whether they may be considered distinct performance obligations. In most cases, these contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract, due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract. Therefore, these modifications are accounted for as part of the existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress is recognized as an adjustment to revenue, generally on a cumulative catch-up basis.

The net cumulative catch-up adjustments on our longer-term contracts for changes in estimates had the following effect on the respective periods shown:


(in thousands, except earnings per share data)	Year Ended
		March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023
		(52 weeks)		(53 weeks)		(52 weeks)


Operating income		$	16,307	$	5,760	$	13,422
Earnings per share:
Basic		$	0.57	$	0.20	$	0.46
Diluted		$	0.56	$	0.20	$	0.45

Typically, under these fixed-price contracts, we bill our customers following an agreed-upon schedule based on work performed. Because the progress billings do not generally correspond to our measurement of revenue on a contract, we generate contract assets when we have recognized revenue in excess of the amount billed to the customer. We generate contract liabilities when we have billed the customer in excess of revenue recognized on a contract.

Approximately 2422% of our fiscal ~~2024~~2025 revenue was recognized following an over-time output method based upon units produced. The customer is considered to have control over the products at the time of production, as the products are highly customized with no alternative use, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed over the production period. We believe this over-time output method of recognizing revenue reasonably depicts the fulfillment of our performance obligations under our contracts. Billings still occur upon shipment. Therefore, contract assets are generated for the unbilled amounts on contracts when production is complete. Variable consideration associated with these orders, generally related to early pay discounts, is not considered significant.

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Additionally, we have made the following policy elections associated with revenue recognition:

•We account for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related goods transfers to the customer as fulfillment activities, instead of assessing such activities as performance obligations.

•We exclude from the transaction price all sales taxes related to revenue-producing transactions that are collected from the customer for a government authority. We are considered a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales taxes.

•We generally expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred because the amortization period would be less than one year. These costs primarily relate to sales commissions and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

•We do not adjust contract price for a significant financing component, as we expect the period between when our goods and services are transferred to the customer and when the customer pays for those goods and services to be less than a year.

Shipping and handling

Amounts billed to a customer in a sales transaction related to shipping and handling are reported as revenue. Costs we incur for shipping and handling are reported as cost of sales.

Restructuring

Restructuring charges are recorded as a result of fundamental changes in the manner in which certain business functions are conducted, including initiatives to drive earnings and cash flow growth and to realign and simplify our business structure. These charges primarily consist of employee severance benefits, asset impairments on property, plant and equipment and operating lease assets and termination penalties for facility closures and consolidations. We record restructuring accruals when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable. To the extent our assumptions and estimates differ from our actual costs, subsequent adjustments to restructuring accruals have been, and will be, required. Restructuring accruals for severance-related costs are included in accrued compensation and related benefits and accruals for remaining obligations and termination penalties are included in other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 1618 for additional information.

Research and development

Research and development activities include the development of new products, the modification of existing product designs, and research related to process improvements. Our research and development expenses were $3029.30 million, $2530.53 million and $1725.35 million for fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively. These costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred within selling, general and administrative expenses, and were $1.0 million in fiscal 2025, $1.3 million in fiscal 2024, and $1.2 million in fiscal 2023 ~~and 2022~~.

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Income taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon the future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Refer to Note 1314 for additional information.

Subsequent events

We have evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the date of this filing and determined that an ~~there~~arbitration ~~were~~award no(refer to Note 10) is a subsequent ~~events~~event that required recognition orand disclosure in our fiscal 2025 consolidated financial statements and that the announcement of the extension of our restructuring program, Project Fortify Phase 2, (refer to Note 18) required disclosure in the consolidated financial statements. There were no other events that required recognition or disclosure.

Adoption of new accounting standards

AtIn the ~~beginning~~fourth quarter of fiscal ~~2024~~2025, we adopted the guidance in ASU ~~2022~~2023-0407, ~~Liabilities~~Improvements –to ~~Supplier~~Reportable ~~Finance~~Segment ~~Programs~~Disclosures, ~~Disclosure~~which ofexpands ~~Supplier~~the ~~Finance~~required ~~Program~~disclosure ~~Obligations~~for reportable segments. ~~The~~This guidance requires ~~that~~ entities ~~that~~to ~~use supplier finance programs~~ disclose ~~information~~significant ~~about~~segment ~~the~~expenses ~~nature~~ and ~~potential~~other ~~magnitude~~segment ofitems ~~the~~on ~~programs,~~an ~~activity~~annual ~~during~~and ~~the~~interim ~~period,~~basis and ~~changes from period~~ to ~~period.~~provide ~~Beginning~~ in ~~the~~interim ~~first~~periods ~~quarter,~~all wesegment ~~implemented~~disclosures awhich ~~supplier~~are ~~financing~~currently ~~arrangement~~required ~~with U~~annually.S. ~~Bank~~This ~~that~~ASU ~~enables~~additionally ~~our~~requires ~~suppliers,~~entities ~~at their sole discretion,~~ to ~~sell~~disclose the ~~Company's~~title ~~receivables~~and ~~(i.e.,~~position ~~our payment obligations to the suppliers) to U.S. Bank on a non-recourse basis in order to be paid earlier than our payment terms provide. Our suppliers’ voluntary inclusion~~ of ~~invoices in~~ the ~~supplier~~individual ~~financing arrangement has no bearing on our payment terms, the amounts we pay,~~ or ~~our liquidity. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate in~~ the ~~supplier~~name ~~financing~~of ~~program, and we do not provide any guarantees in connection with it. These balances are reflected in accounts payable in~~ the ~~consolidated~~group ~~balance~~or ~~sheets~~committee ~~and~~identified ~~are~~as ~~reflected~~its inchief ~~net cash provided by~~ operating ~~activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows when settled~~decision-maker.

~~The~~At ~~following~~the ~~table~~beginning ~~summarizes~~of fiscal 2024, we adopted the ~~obligation~~guidance ~~activity~~in ~~and~~ASU ~~outstanding~~2022-04, asLiabilities of– ~~March~~Supplier 2Finance Programs, ~~2024~~Disclosure ~~that~~of weSupplier ~~have~~Finance ~~confirmed~~Program asObligations. ~~valid~~The toguidance ~~the~~requires ~~administrators~~that ofentities ~~our~~that ~~program~~use ~~with~~supplier ~~U.S.~~finance ~~Bank:~~programs disclose

(In thousands)	2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	—
Obligations added to the program	33,133
Obligations settled	(26,606)
Balance at end of period	$	6,527

At the beginning of fiscal 2022, we adopted the guidance in ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in this ASU removed exceptions on intra-period tax allocations and reporting and provided simplification on accounting for franchise taxes, tax basis goodwill and tax law changes. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

At the beginning of fiscal 2022, we adopted the guidance in ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this ASU apply only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands the required disclosure for reportable segments. This guidance requires entities to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all segment disclosures which are currently required annually. This ASU additionally requires entities to disclose the title and position of the individual or the name of the group or committee identified as its chief operating decision-maker. Such guidance, which is required to be applied retrospectively, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, although early adoption is permitted. While the adoption of this ASU will not have an impact on our financial position and/or results of operations, we are currently evaluating the impact to our segment disclosures.

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information about the nature and potential magnitude of the programs, activity during the period, and changes from period to period. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards not yet adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, intended to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures. Such guidance requires entities to provide additional information within their income tax rate reconciliation, including further disclosure of federal, state, and foreign income taxes and to provide more details about these reconciling items if a quantitative threshold is met. This guidance additionally requires expanded disclosure of income taxes paid, including amounts paid for federal, state, and foreign taxes. This ASU, which is required to be applied prospectively, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, although early adoption and retrospective application is permitted. While the adoption of this ASU will not have an impact on our financial position and/or results of operations, we are currently evaluating the impact on our income tax disclosures, including the processes and controls around the collection of this information.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This guidance requires entities to disclose more detailed information about the types of expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion in commonly presented expense captions such as cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses. Such guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, although early adoption is permitted. This guidance should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. While the adoption of this ASU will not have an impact on our financial position and/or results of operations, we are currently evaluating the impact this ASU may have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures, including the processes and controls around the collection of this information.

2.Revenue, Receivables and Contract Assets and Liabilities

Revenue

The following table disaggregates total revenue by timing of recognition (see Note 1516 for disclosure of revenue by segment):

	March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023		February 26, 2022
(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023
(In thousands)	(53 weeks)		(52 weeks)		(52 weeks)
Recognized at shipment	$	571,140	$	596,270	$	649,792
Recognized at shipment	$	596,270	$	649,792	$	551,783
Recognized over time (input method)	495,562		483,109		514,826
Recognized over time (input method)	483,109		514,826		503,972
Recognized over time (output method)	294,292		337,563		276,078
Recognized over time (output method)	337,563		276,078		258,222
Total	$	1,360,994	$	1,416,942	$	1,440,696
Total	$	1,416,942	$	1,440,696	$	1,313,977

Receivables

Receivables reflected in the financial statements represent the net amount expected to be collected. An allowance for credit losses is established based on expected losses. Expected losses are estimated by reviewing individual accounts, considering aging, financial condition of the debtor, recent payment history, current and forecast economic conditions and other relevant factors. Upon billing, aging of receivables is monitored until collection. An account is considered current when it is within agreed upon payment terms. An account is written off when it is determined that the asset is no longer collectible. ~~Retainage on construction contracts represents amounts withheld by our customers on long-term projects until the project reaches a level of completion where amounts are released.~~

(In thousands)

~~2024~~March 1, 2025

~~2023~~March 2, 2024

Trade accounts

~~115~~117,~~061~~533

~~140~~115,~~732~~061

Construction contracts

6170,~~879~~724

5861,~~331~~879

Total receivables

~~176~~188,~~940~~257

~~199~~176,~~063~~940

Less: allowance for credit losses

32,~~383~~667

13,~~796~~383

Receivables, net

~~173~~185,~~557~~590

~~197~~173,~~267~~557

~~The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses:~~52

(In thousands)	2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	1,796	$	2,132
Additions charged to costs and expenses	2,473		394
Deductions from allowance, net of recoveries	(901)		(686)
Other deductions	15		(44)
Ending balance	$	3,383	$	1,796

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The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses:


(In thousands)	2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	3,383	$	1,796
(Credits) charges against costs and expenses	(1,376)		2,473
Deductions from allowance, net of recoveries	(122)		(901)
Allowance for credit losses from acquisitions	853		—
Other adjustments	(71)		15
Ending balance	$	2,667	$	3,383

Contract assets and liabilities

Contract assets consist of retainage, costs and earnings in excess of billings and other unbilled amounts typically generated when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Retainage on construction contracts represents amounts withheld by our customers on long-term projects until the project reaches a level of completion where amounts are released to us from the customer. Contract liabilities consist of billings in excess of costs and earnings and other unearned revenue on contracts.

The time period between when performance obligations are complete and when payment is due is not significant. In certain of our businesses that recognize revenue over time, progress billings follow an agreed-upon schedule of values.

(In thousands)

March 21, ~~2024~~2025

~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024

Contract assets

4971,~~502~~842

5949,~~403~~502

Contract liabilities

3435,~~755~~193

2834,~~011~~755

The change in contract assets and contract liabilities was due to timing of project activity from businesses that operate under long-term contracts.

Other contract-related disclosures

	March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023
(In thousands)	2025		2024
(In thousands)	(53 weeks)		(52 weeks)
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities from prior year-end	$	30,785	$	25,342
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities from prior year-end	$	25,342	$	37,594
Revenue recognized related to prior satisfaction of performance obligations	16,202		9,257
Revenue recognized related to prior satisfaction of performance obligations	9,257		16,612

Some of our contracts have an expected duration of longer than a year, with performance obligations extending over that time frame. Generally, these contracts are found in our businesses that typically operate with long-term contracts, which recognize revenue over time. The transaction price associated with unsatisfied performance obligations at March 21, ~~2024~~2025 are expected to be satisfied, and the corresponding revenue to be recognized, over the following estimated time periods:

(In thousands)	~~March 2, 2024~~2025
Within one year	$	~~460~~555,~~881~~900
Within two years	305,704
More than one but less than two years	238,754
Beyond two years	~~119~~81,~~700~~331
Total	$	~~886~~875,~~285~~985

3.Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Inventories

(In thousands)

~~2024~~March 1, 2025

~~2023~~March 2, 2024

Raw materials

3136,~~363~~804

3631,~~869~~363

Work-in-process

1215,~~291~~554

1812,~~024~~291

Finished goods

2539,~~586~~947

2325,~~548~~586

Total inventories, net

6992,~~240~~305

7869,~~441~~240

~~Other current liabilities~~53

(In thousands)	2024		2023
Warranties and backcharges	$	18,874	$	14,872
Accrued self-insurance reserves	17,592		14,447
Income and other taxes	7,202		7,129
Other	15,440		28,084
Total other current liabilities	$	59,108	$	64,532

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Other current liabilities


(In thousands)	March 1, 2025		March 2, 2024
Arbitration award payable	$	20,182	$	—
Accrued self-insurance reserves	18,240		17,592
Warranties and backcharges	17,557		18,874
Deferred benefit from New Markets Tax Credit transactions	9,250		—
Income and other taxes	5,813		7,202


Other	16,617		15,440
Total other current liabilities	$	87,659	$	59,108

Other non-current liabilities

(In thousands)	~~2024~~March 1, 2025		~~2023~~March 2, 2024
Deferred warranty revenue	$	10,~~274~~154	$	10,~~352~~274
Deferred benefit from New Markets Tax Credit transactions	9,250		9,250
Deferred compensation plan	5,590		5,938
Deferred compensation plan	5,938		5,577
Retirement plan obligations	4,640		4,769
Retirement plan obligations	4,769		5,749
Deferred tax liabilities	1,256		1,456
Deferred tax liabilities	1,456		1,417
Deferred benefit from New Markets Tax Credit transactions	—		9,250
Other	1213,~~188~~261		1112,~~838~~188
Total other non-current liabilities	$	4334,~~875~~901	$	4443,~~183~~875

4.Financial Instruments

Marketable Securities

Through our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Prism Assurance, Ltd. (Prism), we hold the following available-for-sale marketable securities, made up of municipal and corporate bonds:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
March 2, 2024	$	11,327	$	15	$	437	$	10,905
March 1, 2025	$	10,148	$	33	$	222	$	9,959
February 25, 2023	10,647		—		702		9,945
March 2, 2024	11,327		15		437		10,905

Prism insures a portion of our general liability, workers' compensation and automobile liability risks using reinsurance agreements to meet statutory requirements. The reinsurance carrier requires Prism to maintain fixed-maturity investments, for the purpose of providing collateral for Prism's obligations under the reinsurance agreements.

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our municipal and corporate bonds at March 21, ~~2024~~2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalty. Investments that are due within one year are included in other current assets while those due after one year are included as other non-current assets. Gross realized gains and losses were insignificant for all periods presented.

(In thousands)

Amortized Cost

Estimated Fair Value

Due within one year

24,~~820~~829

24,798

Due after one year through five years

85,~~507~~319

85,~~107~~161

Total

1110,~~327~~148

109,~~905~~959

Derivative instruments

We may use interest rate swaps, currency put options, ~~and~~ forward purchase contracts, or other instruments to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations. The information that follows explains the various types of derivatives and financial instruments ~~we use~~used, how such instruments are accounted for, and how such instruments impact our financial position and performance.

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In fiscal 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap with a notional value of $30 million with an expiration date of February 5, 2026, to hedge a portion of our exposure to variability in cash flows from interest payments on our floating-rate revolving credit facility.

WeIn ~~periodically~~fiscal ~~enter~~2025, ~~into~~we ~~forward~~entered ~~purchase~~into ~~contracts~~an tointerest ~~manage~~rate ~~the~~swap ~~risk associated~~ with ~~fluctuations~~a innotional ~~foreign~~value ~~currency~~of ~~rates~~$75 ~~(primarily~~million ~~related to the Canadian dollar and Euro) and aluminum prices, generally~~ with an ~~original~~expiration ~~maturity~~ date of ~~less than one year. As of March 2~~January 5, ~~2024~~2027, weto ~~held~~hedge ~~foreign~~a ~~exchange~~portion ~~option~~of ~~contracts~~our ~~and~~exposure ~~aluminum~~to ~~purchase~~variability ~~contracts~~in ~~with~~cash ~~U.S.~~flows ~~dollar~~from ~~notional~~interest ~~values~~payments ofon ~~$1.4~~our ~~million~~floating-rate ~~and~~revolving ~~$9.3~~credit ~~million, respectively~~facility.

We periodically enter into forward purchase contracts to manage the risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency rates (primarily related to the Canadian dollar and Euro) and aluminum prices, generally with an original maturity date of less than one year. As of March 1, 2025, we held foreign exchange option contracts with U.S. dollar notional values of $1.5 million.

The mark to market adjustments on these derivative instruments are recorded within our consolidated balance sheets within other current assets and other current liabilities. Gains or losses associated with these instruments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until which time the hedged transaction is settled and gains or losses are reclassified to earnings.

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Fair value measurements

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (observable market inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data). We do not have any Level 3 assets or liabilities.

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were:

(In thousands)	Quoted Prices inActive Markets(Level 1)		Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Total Fair Value
March 1, 2025
Assets:
Money market funds	$	20,758	$	—	$	20,758
Municipal bonds	—		9,959		9,959
Foreign currency option contract	—		29		29
Interest rate swap contracts	—		539		539
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	—		540		540
March 2, 2024
Assets:
Money market funds	$	26,529	$	—	$	26,529
Municipal and corporate bonds	—		10,905		10,905
Municipal bonds	—		10,905		10,905
Foreign currency option contract	—		3		3
Foreign currency option contracts	—		3		3
Interest rate swap contract	—		1,292		1,292
Interest rate swap contracts	—		1,292		1,292
Liabilities:
Aluminum hedging contract	—		529		529
Aluminum hedging contracts	—		529		529
February 25, 2023
Assets:
Money market funds	$	8,062	$	—	$	8,062
Municipal and corporate bonds	—		9,945		9,945
Interest rate swap contract	—		1,817		1,817
Liabilities:
Foreign currency option contract	—		206		206
Aluminum hedging contract	—		1,075		1,075

Money market funds ~~and commercial paper~~

Fair value of money market funds was determined based on quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. ~~Commercial paper was measured at fair value using inputs based on quoted prices for similar securities in active markets.~~ These assets are included within cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheets.

Municipal ~~and corporate~~ bonds

Municipal ~~and corporate~~ bonds were measured at fair value based on market prices from recent trades of similar securities and are classified within our consolidated balance sheets as other current or other non-current assets based on maturity date.

Derivative instruments

The interest rate ~~swap~~swaps isare measured at fair value using other observable market inputs, based off benchmark interest rates. Forward foreign exchange and forward purchase aluminum contracts are measured at fair value using other observable market inputs, such as quotations on forward foreign exchange points, foreign currency exchange rates and forward purchase aluminum prices. Derivative positions are primarily valued using standard calculations and models that use as their basis readily ~~observable market parameters. Industry standard data providers are our primary source for forward and spot rate information for interest and currency rates and aluminum prices.~~

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observable market parameters. Industry standard data providers are our primary source for forward and spot rate information for interest and currency rates and aluminum prices.

Nonrecurring fair value measurements

We measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a nonrecurring basis including goodwill, intangible assets, property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets. These assets were initially measured and recognized at amounts equal to the fair value determined as of the date of acquisition or purchase, subject to changes in value only for foreign currency translation. Periodically, these assets are tested for impairment, by comparing their respective carrying values to the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or asset group in which they reside. In the event any of these assets were to become impaired, we would recognize an impairment expense equal to the amount by which the carrying value of the reporting unit, impaired asset or asset group exceeds its estimated fair value.

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Fair value measurements of reporting units are estimated using an income approach involving discounted cash flow models that contain certain Level 3 inputs requiring significant management judgment, including projections of economic conditions, customer demand and changes in competition, revenue growth rates, gross profit margins, operating margins, capital expenditures, working capital requirements, terminal growth rates and discount rates. Fair value measurements of the reporting units associated with our goodwill balances and our indefinite-lived intangible assets are estimated at least annually in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year for purposes of impairment testing if a quantitative analysis is performed. Fair value measurements for long-lived assets or asset groups, including intangible assets subject to amortization, property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, are valued using undiscounted cash flows to determine whether impairment exists and measure any impairment loss using discounted cash flows to determine the fair value of long-lived assets.

5.Property, Plant and Equipment

(In thousands)

~~2024~~March 1, 2025

~~2023~~March 2, 2024

Land

3,~~637~~460

3,~~600~~637

Buildings and improvements

~~189~~195,~~675~~205

~~188~~189,~~949~~675

Machinery and equipment

~~391~~428,~~236~~015

~~376~~391,~~721~~236

Computer and office equipment and furniture

6261,~~586~~926

6962,~~465~~586

Construction in progress

4249,~~099~~013

4142,~~842~~099

Total property, plant and equipment

~~689~~737,~~233~~619

~~680~~689,~~577~~233

Less: accumulated depreciation

~~445~~469,~~017~~480

~~431~~445,~~710~~017

Net property, plant and equipment

~~244~~268,~~216~~139

~~248~~244,~~867~~216

Depreciation expense was $3735.67 million, $3837.26 million, and $4238.2 million in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024, and ~~2022~~2023, respectively.

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Refer to Note 1 ~~to the consolidated financial statements~~ for a description of the Accounting Policy related to Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identified intangible assets of acquired businesses. We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually as of the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable, as described in Note 1. Based on the impairment analysis performed in the fourth quarter, estimated fair value was in excess of carrying value at all of our reporting units.

~~Goodwill~~The represents the excess of the cost over the net tangible and identified intangible assets of acquired businesses. We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually as of the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying ~~value~~amount of goodwill ~~may~~attributable ~~not~~to beeach ~~recoverable,~~reportable assegment ~~described in Note 1. Based on the impairment analysis performed in the fourth quarter, estimated fair value~~ was ~~in excess of carrying value at all of our reporting units.~~ :

The carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each reporting segment was:


(In thousands)	Architectural Metals		Architectural Services		Architectural Glass		Performance Surfaces		Total
Balance at February 25, 2023	$	90,137	$	3,031	$	25,301	$	10,557	$	129,026


Foreign currency translation	49		7		100		—		156
Balance at March 2, 2024	90,186		3,038		25,401		10,557		129,182
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		107,826		107,826


Foreign currency translation	(852)		(117)		(264)		—		(1,233)
Balance at March 1, 2025	$	89,334	$	2,921	$	25,137	$	118,383	$	235,775

(In thousands)	Architectural Framing Systems		Architectural Glass		Architectural Services		Large-Scale Optical		Total
Balance at February 26, 2022	$	93,181	$	25,244	$	1,120	$	10,557	$	130,102
Reallocation among reporting units(1)	(2,048)		—		2,048		—		—
Foreign currency translation	(996)		57		(137)		—		(1,076)
Balance at February 25, 2023	90,137		25,301		3,031		10,557		129,026
Foreign currency translation	49		100		7		—		156
Balance at March 2, 2024	$	90,186	$	25,401	$	3,038	$	10,557	$	129,182

(1) Represents the reallocation of goodwill as a result of transitioning Sotawall from the Architectural Framing Systems Segment to the Architectural Services Segment as of the start of the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

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Intangible assets

Indefinite-lived intangible assets

We have intangible assets for certain acquired trade names and trademarks which are determined to have indefinite useful lives. We test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually at the same measurement date as goodwill, the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired as described in Note 1. Based on our annual analysis, ~~the~~and ~~fair~~changes ~~value~~to ~~of each of~~ our ~~trade~~strategic ~~names~~branding ~~and~~in ~~trademarks exceeded~~ the ~~carrying~~4th ~~amount.~~quarter ~~During fiscal 2022, as a result~~ of ~~triggering events resulting from the finalization of our plans for integrating the Sotawall business into the Architectural Services Segment, beginning in~~ fiscal ~~2023~~2025, itwe ~~was~~recorded ~~determined~~impairment ~~that~~expense ~~the carrying value~~ of ~~the Sotawall trade name exceeded fair value by~~ $~~12.~~7.6 million asrelated ~~it was determined~~ to ~~have~~trademarks anwithin ~~immaterial fair value~~Selling, ~~resulting~~general inand ~~the~~administrative ~~trade~~expenses ~~name~~(SG&A) ~~being fully impaired as of fiscal 2022 year end. This amount was recognized as impairment expense~~ in the ~~fourth~~Architectural ~~quarter~~Metals ~~ended February 26, 2022~~Segment.

Definite-lived intangible assets

Long-lived assets or asset groups, including intangible assets subject to amortization and property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable, as described in Note 1. Due to triggering events as a result of finalization of our plans for integrating the Sotawall business into the Architectural Services Segment, beginning in fiscal 2023, we determined that certain related finite-lived intangible assets were impaired as of February 26, 2022. As such, a long-lived asset impairment charge of $36.7 million in finite-lived intangible assets was recognized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022.

In fiscal 2025, $79.7 million of intangible assets were acquired as part of the UW Interco, LLC (UW Solutions) acquisition. The gross carrying amount of our intangible assets and related accumulated amortization was:

(In thousands)

Gross Carrying Amount

AccumulatedAmortization

Impairment Expense

ForeignCurrencyTranslation

Net

March 2, 2024

March 1, 2025

Definite-lived intangible assets:

Customer relationships

86134,~~798~~402

(5356,~~200~~193)

—

~~246~~(2,655)

3375,~~844~~554

Other intangibles

3766,~~505~~832

(3231,~~250~~768)

—

~~150~~(1,197)

533,~~405~~867

Total

~~124~~201,~~303~~234

(8587,~~450~~961)

—

~~396~~(3,852)

39109,~~249~~421

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:

Trademarks

26,~~851~~865

—

(7,634)

14(235)

2618,~~865~~996

Total intangible assets

~~151~~228,~~154~~099

(8587,~~450~~961)

(7,634)

~~410~~(4,087)

66128,~~114~~417

February 25, 2023

March 2, 2024

Definite-lived intangible assets:

Customer relationships

8986,~~495~~798

(4953,~~404~~200)

—

~~(2,697)~~246

3733,~~394~~844

Other intangibles

3937,~~404~~505

(3532,~~229~~250)

—

~~(1,045)~~150

35,~~130~~405

Total

~~128~~124,~~899~~303

(8485,~~633~~450)

—

~~(3,742)~~396

4039,~~524~~249

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:

Trademarks

2726,~~129~~851

—

~~(278)~~14

26,~~851~~865

Total intangible assets

~~156~~151,~~028~~154

(8485,~~633~~450)

—

~~(4,020)~~410

6766,~~375~~114

Amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets was $48.9 million, $4.29 million and $74.82 million in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively. All amortization expense is included within selling, general and administrative expenses. Estimated future amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets is:

(In thousands)

~~2025~~2026

~~2026~~2027

~~2027~~2028

~~2028~~2029

~~2029~~2030

Estimated amortization expense

45,~~824~~236

45,~~822~~184

4,~~801~~968

4,~~167~~928

7. Debt

AsOn ofJuly ~~March 2~~19, 2024, we ~~had~~entered into a ~~committed~~Credit ~~revolving~~Agreement ~~credit~~(the ~~facility~~Credit Agreement) with ~~Wells~~Bank ~~Fargo~~of ~~Bank~~America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders (U.S. The Credit Agreement provides for an unsecured senior credit facility) ~~with~~in ~~maximum~~an ~~borrowings~~aggregate principal amount of up to $~~385~~700.0 million, ~~and~~in awhich ~~maturity~~commitments ofwere ~~August~~made 5through a $450.0 million, ~~2027~~five-year revolving credit facility and a committed $250.0 ~~Outstanding~~million ~~borrowings~~delayed draw term loan facility. Borrowings under the revolving credit facility ~~were~~can be in Canadian dollars (CAD) limited to $5025.0 million ~~and~~USD. ~~$156~~The term loan facility may be utilized in up to two draw downs, which are available to be made within one year after the closing date.~~0 million~~ asThe senior credit facility has a term of ~~March~~five 2,years ~~2024~~with ~~and~~a ~~February~~maturity ~~25,~~date ~~2023~~of July 19, ~~respectively~~2029.

54The Credit Agreement replaces the previous revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders, with maximum borrowings up to $385.0 million, and the two Canadian credit facilities with Bank of Montreal totaling $25.0 million USD.

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WeAs ~~also~~a ~~maintain~~result ~~two~~of ~~Canadian~~the ~~committed,~~execution ~~revolving~~of ~~credit facilities with~~ the ~~Bank~~Credit ofAgreement ~~Montreal~~in ~~totaling~~fiscal ~~$25.0~~2025, ~~million~~we ~~USD~~recognized ~~(Canadian~~a ~~facilities). The~~loss, ~~Canadian~~within ~~facilities~~interest ~~expire~~expense, ~~annually~~of in$0.5 ~~February,~~million ~~but~~for ~~can~~the bewrite-off ~~renewed~~of ~~each~~unamortized ~~year~~financing ~~solely~~fees atrelated ~~our~~to ~~discretion~~the ~~until~~previous ~~August~~revolving 5,credit ~~2027~~facility. ~~Therefore~~Additionally, we ~~classify~~capitalized ~~all~~$3.0 ~~outstanding~~million ~~amounts~~of ~~under~~lender ~~these~~fees ~~facilities~~and as$0.8 ~~long-term~~million ~~debt~~of ~~within~~third-party ~~our~~fees ~~consolidated~~incurred ~~balance~~in ~~sheets.~~connection Atwith ~~March~~the 2,Credit ~~2024~~Agreement, wewhich ~~had~~were norecorded ~~outstanding~~as ~~borrowings~~other ~~under~~non-current ~~these~~assets ~~Canadian~~and ~~facilities.~~will Atbe ~~February~~amortized ~~25,~~over ~~2023,~~the ~~outstanding~~term ~~borrowings~~of ~~under~~the ~~these~~credit ~~Canadian~~facility ~~facilities~~as ~~were~~interest $1expense.~~8 million.~~

~~Our~~The ~~revolving~~Credit ~~credit~~Agreement ~~facilities~~contains ~~contain~~ two maintenance financial covenants that require usour toConsolidated ~~stay~~Leverage ~~below~~Ratio a(as ~~maximum~~defined ~~debt-to-EBITDA~~in ~~ratio~~the ofCredit ~~3.25~~Agreement) ~~and maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA-~~to~~-interest~~ ~~expense~~be ofless than 3.~~00.~~50 ~~Both~~and ~~ratios~~our ~~are~~Consolidated ~~computed~~Interest ~~quarterly,~~Coverage ~~with~~Ratio ~~EBITDA~~(as ~~calculated~~defined onin athe ~~rolling~~Credit ~~four-quarter~~Agreement) ~~basis~~to exceed 3.00. At March 21, ~~2024~~2025, we were in compliance with ~~both~~all ~~financial~~ covenants. as defined under the terms of the Credit Agreement.

The ~~revolving~~Credit ~~credit~~Agreement ~~facilities~~ also ~~contain~~contains an acquisition "holiday." In the event we make an acquisition for which the purchase price is greater than $75 million, we can elect to increase the maximum ~~debt-to-EBITDA~~Consolidated ~~ratio~~Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to 34.75 00 for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, commencing with the fiscal quarter in which a qualifying acquisition occurs. No more than two acquisition "holidays" can occur during the term of the ~~facilities~~Credit Agreement, and at least two fiscal quarters must separate qualifying acquisitions.

Borrowings under the ~~credit~~Credit ~~facilities~~Agreement bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), or, infor ~~the~~CAD ~~case of the Canadian facilities~~borrowings, Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA), plus, ~~in each~~ a margin based on the Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit ~~Agreements~~Agreement). For Base Rate borrowings, the margin ranges from 0.~~125~~25% to 0.75%. For Term SOFR and CORRA borrowings, the margin ranges from 1.~~125~~25% to 1.75%, with an incremental Term SOFR and CORRA adjustment of 0.10% and 0.29547%.

The ~~U.S.~~Credit ~~credit~~Agreement ~~facility~~ also contains an "accordion" provision. Under this provision, we can request that the senior credit facility be increased byunlimited asadditional ~~much as $200~~amounts.0 ~~million.~~ Any ~~Lender~~lender may elect or decline to participate in the requested increase at ~~the~~their ~~Lender’s~~ sole discretion.

AtOn ~~March~~November 24, 2024, weas ~~had~~part ~~a total~~ of ~~$15.0~~the ~~million~~acquisition of ~~ongoing~~UW ~~letters of credit related to industrial revenue bonds~~Solutions, ~~construction contracts~~ and ~~insurance~~for ~~collateral~~working ~~that~~capital ~~expire~~and ingeneral ~~fiscal~~corporate ~~year~~purposes, ~~2025~~we ~~and~~executed ~~reduce~~a ~~borrowing~~drawdown ~~capacity~~against ~~under~~ the ~~revolving~~delayed ~~credit~~draw ~~facility.~~term Asloan offacility ~~March 2, 2024, the amount available~~ for ~~revolving borrowings was $320~~250.0 million ~~and $25~~.~~0 million under the U.S. credit facility and Canadian facilities, respectively.~~

AtOutstanding borrowings under the term loan facility were $215.0 million as of March 21, ~~2024,~~2025. ~~debt~~Outstanding ~~included~~borrowings under the current revolving credit facility were $1270.0 million as of ~~industrial~~March ~~revenue~~1, ~~bonds~~2025. ~~that~~Outstanding ~~mature~~borrowings inunder ~~fiscal~~the ~~years~~previous ~~2036~~revolving ~~through~~credit ~~2043~~facility were $50.0 million as of March 2, 2024. We had no outstanding borrowings under the Canadian facilities as of March 2, 2024.

~~The~~At ~~fair~~March ~~value~~2, of2024, ~~our~~debt Uincluded $12.S.0 ~~credit~~million ~~facility,~~of ~~Canadian~~industrial ~~credit~~revenue ~~facilities~~bonds. ~~and~~We had no outstanding industrial revenue bonds ~~approximated~~as ~~carrying~~of ~~value at~~ March 21, ~~2024,~~2025 ~~and~~as ~~would~~in bethe ~~classified~~fourth asquarter ~~Level~~of 2fiscal ~~within~~2025 ~~the~~we ~~fair~~paid ~~value~~the ~~hierarchy~~remaining ~~described~~balance inof ~~Note~~these 4bonds, ~~due~~including toprincipal ~~the~~and ~~variable~~ interest ~~rates~~outstanding, onwithout ~~these instruments~~penalty.

At March 1, 2025, we had a total of $15.0 million of ongoing letters of credit related to the senior credit facility, amounts that remained on the industrial revenue bonds that were not extinguished when payment was made, construction contracts and insurance collateral that expire in fiscal year 2026 and reduce borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. As of March 1, 2025, the amount available for revolving borrowings was $365.0 million.

The fair value of our senior credit facility approximated carrying values at March 1, 2025, and would be classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy described in Note 4, due to the variable interest rates on these instruments.

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Debt maturities and other selected information follows:

(In thousands)						~~2025~~2026						~~2026~~2027						~~2027~~2028						~~2028~~2029						~~2029~~2030						Thereafter						Total
Maturities						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	~~50,000~~—					$	—285,000					$	~~12,000~~—					$	62285,000

(In thousands, except percentages)	~~2024~~2025			~~2023~~2024
Average daily borrowings during the year	$	~~130~~134,~~939~~565		$	~~225~~130,~~773~~939
Weighted average interest rate during the year	6.0328		%	36.5403		%

(In thousands)	March 2, 2024		February 25, 2023		February 26, 2022
Interest on debt	$	8,704	$	8,558	$	3,228
Interest rate swap (income) expense	(893)		(418)		467
Other interest expense	178		294		866
Interest expense, net	$	7,989	$	8,434	$	4,561

The weighted average interest rates on borrowings outstanding, inclusive of the impact of our interest rate swap as of March 1, 2025 and March 2, 2024 were 4.32% and 4.90%, respectively.

Interest payments were $9.3 million in fiscal 2024, $8.2 million in fiscal 2023 and $3.5 million in fiscal 2022.


(In thousands)	2025		2024		2023
Interest on debt	$	8,803	$	8,704	$	8,558
Interest rate swap gain	(822)		(893)		(418)
Other interest expense	815		178		294
Interest income	(2,637)		(1,320)		(774)
Interest expense, net	$	6,159	$	6,669	$	7,660

55Interest payments were $8.1 million in fiscal 2025, $9.3 million in fiscal 2024 and $8.2 million in fiscal 2023.

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8. Leases

We have operating leases for certain ~~of the~~ buildings and equipment used in our operations. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Under ASU 2016-20, Leases, we have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance in adopting ASC 842, which, among other things, allowed us to carry forward our historical lease classification. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one to ~~ten~~seventeen years, some of which include renewal options that can extend the lease for up to an additional ten years, at our sole discretion. We have made an accounting policy election not to record leases with an original term of twelve months or less on our consolidated balance sheet; such leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of March 2, 2024, we have one additional future operating lease commitment of $13.7 million that is signed but has not yet commenced, for one facility located in Texas within our Architectural Services Segment.

In determining lease asset value, we consider fixed or variable payment terms, prepayments, incentives, and options to extend, terminate or purchase. Renewal, termination or purchase options affect the lease term used for determining lease asset value only if the option is reasonably certain to be exercised. We use a discount rate for each lease based upon an estimated incremental borrowing rate over a similar term. We have elected the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components (e.g., common-area maintenance costs) as a single lease component. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

(In thousands)

~~March 2, 2024~~2025

~~February 25, 2023~~2024

Operating lease cost

14,~~312~~587

1214,~~336~~312

Short-term lease cost

~~1,349~~688

1,~~579~~349

Variable lease cost

23,~~629~~984

32,~~487~~629

Sublease income

(1,~~479~~533)

(~~671~~1,479)

Total lease cost

1617,~~811~~726

16,~~731~~811

Other supplemental information related to leases are as follows:

(In thousands)

~~March 2, 2024~~2025

~~February 25, 2023~~2024

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities

1416,~~656~~467

14,~~086~~656

Lease assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

1121,~~883~~810

11,~~359~~883

Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases

45.07 years

4.50 years

Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases

34.25

3.12

Future maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

(In thousands)	~~2024~~2025
Fiscal 2025	$	12,498
Fiscal 2026	$	17,669
Fiscal 2026	11,206
Fiscal 2027	17,123
Fiscal 2027	10,845
Fiscal 2028	12,818
Fiscal 2028	6,421
Fiscal 2029	7,856
Fiscal 2029	1,991
Fiscal 2030	6,615
Thereafter	114,~~826~~781
Total lease payments	4476,~~787~~862
Less: Amounts representing interest	~~594~~9,940
Present value of lease liabilities	$	4466,~~193~~922

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9. Employee Benefit Plans

401(k) Retirement Plan

We sponsor a single 401(k) retirement plan covering substantially all full-time, non-union employees, as well as union employees at two of our manufacturing facilities. Under the plan, employees are allowed to contribute up to 60% of eligible earnings to the plan, up to statutory limits. On January 1, 2023, we began matching 100% of the first two percent contributed and 50% of the next four percent contributed on eligible compensation that non-union employees contribute. Previously, we matched 100% of the first one percent contributed and 50% of the next five percent contributed on eligible compensation that non-union employees contribute. We contribute to the union plans based on the contractual terms. In total, our matching contributions were $9.61 million in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, $89.6 million in fiscal ~~2023~~2024 and $78.76 million in fiscal ~~2022~~2023.

Deferred Compensation Plan

We maintain a plan that allows participants to defer compensation. The deferred compensation liability was $5.96 million and $9.5.9 million at March 21, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, respectively. We have investments in corporate-owned life insurance policies (COLI) of $89.5 million and money market funds (classified as cash equivalents) of $0.3 million with the intention of utilizing them as long-term funding sources for this plan. The COLI assets are recorded at their net cash surrender values and are included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Plans under Collective Bargaining Agreements

We contribute to a number of multi-employer union retirement plans, which provide retirement benefits to the majority of our union-represented employees; none of the plans isare considered significant. However, the risks of participating in these multi-employer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects:

•Assets contributed to these plans by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers

•If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers

•If we choose to stop participating in some of these plans, we may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability

~~Our~~Under ~~participation~~the Pension Protection Act, multiemployer pension plans are categorized into zones (green, yellow, red, and deep red). Among other factors, plans in ~~these~~the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans isin ~~outlined~~the yellow zone are between 65% and 80% funded, and plans in the ~~following~~green ~~table~~zone are at least 80% funded. The most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available infor ~~2024~~fiscals 2025 and ~~2023~~2024 relates to the plan years ending December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and December 31, ~~2022~~2023, respectively.

~~The~~Our ~~zone~~participation ~~status is based on information that we have received from each plan, certified by an actuary. Among other factors, plans~~ in ~~the~~these ~~red zone are generally less than 65% funded,~~ plans inis ~~the~~outlined ~~yellow zone are between 65% and 80% funded, and plans~~ in the ~~green~~following ~~zone are at least 80% funded~~table.

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Pension Protection Act Zone Status

Contributions(In thousands)

Pension Fund

EIN/Pension Plan Number

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

~~2022~~2023

FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented(2)

Minimum Contribution

Surcharge Imposed

Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement(1)

Iron Workers Local Union No. 5 and Iron Workers Employers Association Employees Pension Trust Fund

521075473

Green

~~1,015~~722

1,~~359~~015

1,~~454~~359

5/31/2017

International Painters and Allied Trades Industry Pension Fund

526073909

Red

~~971~~730

~~869~~971

~~932~~869

Implemented

11/30/2017

Ironworkers Local 580 Pension Fund

136178514

Green

~~883~~2,121

~~596~~883

31596

Implemented

Yes

6/30/2023

Western Glaziers Retirement Plan (Washington)

916123685

Green

~~423~~365

~~815~~423

~~160~~815

6/30/2017

Iron Workers Mid-America Pension Fund

366488227

Green

~~237~~320

~~429~~237

~~431~~429

5/31/2017

Glazier's Union Local 27 Pension and Retirement Plan

366034076

Green

145

174

290

5/31/2017

Western Glaziers Retirement Fund (Oregon and Southwest Washington)

936074376

Green

—

441

11/30/2017

Atlanta Ironworkers Local Union 387 Pension Plan

586051152

Green

109

125

209

1/31/2017

Glazier's Union Local 27 Pension and Retirement Plan

366034076

Green

145

174

5/31/2017

Western Glaziers Retirement Fund (Oregon and Southwest Washington)

936074376

Green

441

—

11/30/2017

Atlanta Ironworkers Local Union 387 Pension Plan

586051152

Green

131

109

125

1/31/2017

Other funds

~~801~~603

~~493~~801

~~530~~493

Total contributions

45,~~606~~072

54,~~301~~606

45,~~037~~301

(1) Plans include contributions required by collective bargaining agreements which have expired, but contain provisions automatically renewing their terms in the absence of a subsequent negotiated agreement.

(2) FIP is defined as Funding Improvement Plan; RP is defined as Rehabilitation Plan

The Company was listed in the plans' Forms 5500 as providing more than 5% of the total contributions for the following plans and plan years:

Pension Fund						Year contributions to Plan Exceeded More Than 5 Percent of Total Contributions
Iron Workers Local Union No. 5 and Iron Workers Employers Association Employees Pension Trust Fund						~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023
Western Glaziers Retirement Plan (Washington)						2022
Western Glaziers Retirement Fund (Oregon and Southwest Washington)						2025
Iron Workers Mid-America Pension Fund						2023 ~~and 2022~~
Atlanta Ironworkers Local Union 387 Pension Plan						2023

Amounts contributed in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024, and ~~2022~~2023 to defined contribution multiemployer plans were $23.26 million, $2.2 million and $12.62 million, respectively.

Obligations and Funded Status of Defined-Benefit Pension Plans

We sponsor the Tubelite Inc. Hourly Employees' Pension Plan, a defined-benefit pension plan that was frozen to new entrants in fiscal 2004, with no additional benefits accruing to plan participants after such time. We also sponsor an unfunded Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP), a defined-benefit pension plan that was frozen to new entrants in fiscal 2009, with no additional benefits accruing to plan participants after such time.

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The following tables present reconciliations of the benefit obligation and the funded status of these plans. The Tubelite plan uses a measurement date as of the calendar month-end closest to our fiscal year-end, while the SERP uses a measurement date aligned with our fiscal year-end.

(In thousands)

~~2024~~March 1, 2025

~~2023~~March 2, 2024

Change in projected benefit obligation

Benefit obligation beginning of period

108,~~260~~897

1210,~~405~~260

Interest cost

~~497~~437

~~380~~497

Actuarial gain

(973)

(1,484)

Actuarial loss (gain)

(973)

Benefits paid

(~~887~~781)

(~~1,041~~887)

Benefit obligation at measurement date

8,~~897~~592

108,~~260~~897

Change in plan assets

Fair value of plan assets beginning of period

3,~~992~~793

53,~~044~~992

Actual return on plan assets

53124

~~(706)~~53

Company contributions

~~635~~446

~~695~~635

Benefits paid

(~~887~~781)

(~~1,041~~887)

Fair value of plan assets at measurement date

3,~~793~~582

3,~~992~~793

Underfunded status

(5,~~104~~010)

(65,~~268~~104)

The funded status was recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

(In thousands)

~~2024~~March 1, 2025

~~2023~~March 2, 2024

Other non-current assets

~~111~~76

~~161~~111

Current liabilities

(446)

(~~680~~446)

Other non-current liabilities

(4,~~769~~640)

(54,~~749~~769)

Total

(5,~~104~~010)

(65,~~268~~104)

The following was included in accumulated other comprehensive loss and has not yet been recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost:

(In thousands)

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

Net actuarial loss

2,~~851~~748

32,~~968~~851

The net actuarial gain recognized in comprehensive earnings, net of tax expense, was $0.91 million in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, and $0.79 million in fiscal ~~2023~~2024.

Components of the defined-benefit pension plans' net periodic benefit cost:

(In thousands)

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

~~2022~~2023

Interest cost

~~497~~437

~~380~~497

~~339~~380

Expected return on assets

(~~120~~115)

(84120)

(8584)

Amortization of unrecognized net loss

6266

~~254~~62

~~270~~254

Net periodic benefit cost

~~439~~388

~~550~~439

~~524~~550

Total net periodic pension benefit cost is expected to be approximately $0.5 million in fiscal ~~2025~~2026. The estimated net actuarial gain for the defined-benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost for fiscal ~~2025~~2026 is $0.2 million, net of tax expense.

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Additional Information

Assumptions

Benefit Obligation Weighted-Average Assumptions						~~2024~~2025						~~2023~~2024						~~2022~~2023
Discount rate						5.1510		%				5.1015		%				35.2010		%

Net Periodic Benefit Expense Weighted-Average Assumptions	~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024		~~2022~~2023
Discount rate	5.1015	%	35.2010	%	23.6020	%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets	4.5060	%	24.7550	%	2.5075	%

Discount rate. The discount rate reflects the current rate at which the defined-benefit plans' pension liabilities could be effectively settled at the end of the year based on the measurement date. The discount rate was determined by matching the expected benefit payments to payments from the Principal Discount Yield Curve. ~~There are no known or anticipated changes in the discount rate assumption that will have a significant impact on pension expense in fiscal 2025.~~

Expected return on assets. The expected long-term rate of return on assets is based on historical long-term rates of return achieved by the plan investments, the plan's investment strategy, and current and projected market conditions. During fiscal 2019, the assets of the Tubelite plan were moved from investment in a short-term bond fund to various duration fixed income funds. The investments are carried at fair value based on prices from recent trades of similar securities, which would be classified as Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy. We do not maintain assets intended for the future use of the SERP.

Contributions

Company contributions to the plans for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 were $0.64 million and fiscal ~~2023~~2024 were $0.76 million, which equaled or exceeded the minimum funding requirements.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid by the plans:

(In thousands)

~~2025~~2026

~~2026~~2027

~~2027~~2028

~~2028~~2029

~~2029~~2030

~~2030~~2031-~~2034~~2035

Estimated future benefit payments

~~826~~816

~~795~~784

~~793~~782

~~780~~770

~~767~~746

3,~~526~~416

10. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Bond commitments

In the ordinary course of business, predominantly in the Architectural Services and Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals ~~Systems~~ Segments, we are required to provide surety or performance bonds that commit payments to our customers for any non-performance. At March 21, ~~2024~~2025, $1.32 billion of these types of bonds were outstanding, of which, $~~463~~394.31 million is on our backlog. These bonds have expiration dates that align with completion of the purchase order or contract. We have never been required to make payments under surety or performance bonds with respect to our existing businesses.

Warranty and project-related contingencies

We reserve estimated exposures on known claims, as well as on a portion of anticipated claims, for product warranty and rework costs, based on historical product liability claims as a ratio of sales. Claim costs are deducted from the accrual when paid. Factors that could have an impact on the warranty accrual in any given period include the following: changes in manufacturing quality, changes in product mix, and any significant changes in sales volume.

(In thousands)

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

Balance at beginning of period

1721,~~893~~362

1317,~~923~~893

Additional accruals

157,~~775~~336

1315,~~621~~775

Claims paid

(1210,~~306~~237)

(912,~~651~~306)

Balance at end of period

2118,~~362~~461

1721,~~893~~362

Additionally, we are subject to project management and installation-related contingencies as a result of our fixed-price material supply and installation service contracts, primarily in our Architectural Services ~~segment~~Segment and certain of our Architectural ~~Framing~~Metals ~~Systems~~ businesses. We manage the risk of these exposures through contract negotiations, proactive project management and insurance coverages.

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Letters of credit

At March 21, ~~2024~~2025, we had $15.0 million of ongoing letters of credit, all of which have been issued under our revolving credit facility, as discussed in Note 7.

Purchase obligations

Purchase obligations for raw material commitments and capital expenditures totaled $4110.2 million as of March 21, ~~2024~~2025.

Environmental liability

In fiscal 2008, we acquired one manufacturing facility which has certain historical environmental conditions. Remediation of these conditions is ongoing without significant disruption to our operations. The estimated remaining liability for these remediation activities was $0.1 million and $0.4 million at March 21, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024, respectively.

New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) transactions

We have two outstanding NMTC arrangements which help to support operational expansion. Proceeds received from investors on these transactions are included within other ~~non-~~current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. The NMTC arrangements are subject to 100% tax credit recapture for a period of seven years from the date of each respective transaction. Upon the termination of each arrangement, these proceeds will be recognized in earnings in exchange for the transfer of tax credits. The direct and incremental costs incurred in structuring these arrangements have been deferred and are included in other ~~non-~~current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. These costs will be recognized in conjunction with the recognition of the related proceeds on each arrangement. During the construction phase or for working capital purposes for each project, we are required to hold cash dedicated to fund each capital project which is classified as restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets. Variable-interest entities, which have been included within our consolidated financial statements, have been created as a result of the structure of these transactions, as investors in the programs do not have a material interest in their underlying economics.

During ~~the second quarter of~~ fiscal 2024, one NMTC transaction was settled as expected and asresulted ain ~~result,~~ a $4.7 million benefit, which was recorded in other (income) expense, net.

The table below provides a summary of our outstanding NMTC transactions (in thousands):

Inception date	Termination date	Proceeds received		Deferred costs		Net benefit
May 2022(1)	August 2025	$	6,052	$	1,~~604~~891	$	4,~~448~~161
September 2018	September 2025	3,198		1,031		2,167
Total		$	9,250	$	2,~~635~~922	$	6,~~615~~328

(1) Continuation of the August 2018 NMTC financing transaction

Litigation

61In December 2022, the claimant in an arbitration of one such claim was awarded $20 million by an arbitration panel. The claimant then sought to confirm this award in Los Angeles Superior Court in March 2023. In response, the Company moved to vacate the award. Later in March 2023, the Superior Court confirmed the award, which the Company appealed in June 2023. The appeal was argued before the California Court of Appeals, Second Appellate District, Division Seven, on March 7, 2025. The California Court of Appeals confirmed the judgment of the Superior Court on March 25, 2025. The Company paid the final arbitration award, including accrued post-judgment interest, in the amount of $24.7 million, on April 7, 2025. As a result of the judgment, we recorded expense of $9.4 million, which represents the impact of the award amount net of existing reserves and estimated insurance proceeds. This impact was recorded in cost of goods sold in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025.

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11. ~~Shareholders'~~Supplier ~~Equity~~Finance Program Obligations

The Company has a supplier financing arrangement that enables select suppliers, at their sole discretion, to sell our receivables (i.e., our payment obligations to the suppliers) on a non-recourse basis in order to be paid earlier than our payment terms provide. These suppliers’ voluntary inclusion of invoices in the supplier financing arrangement has no bearing on our payment terms, the amounts we pay, or our liquidity. We have no economic interest in the supplier’s decision to participate in the supplier financing program, and we do not provide any guarantees in connection with it. The balances owed are reflected in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets and are reflected in net cash provided by operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows when settled.

The following table summarizes the obligation activity for the years ended March 1, 2025 and March 2, 2024 and outstanding balance as of March 1, 2025 and March 2, 2024 that we have confirmed as valid to the administrators of our program:


(In thousands)	2025		2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	6,527	$	—
Obligations added to the program	47,226		33,133
Obligations settled	(46,907)		(26,606)
Balance at end of period	$	6,846	$	6,527

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12. Shareholders' Equity

We paid dividends totaling $21.7 million ($1.01 per share) in fiscal 2025, $21.1 million ($0.97 per share) in fiscal 2024 and $19.7 million ($0.90 per share) in fiscal 2023.

Share Repurchases

During fiscal 2004, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, with subsequent increases in authorization. We repurchased ~~279~~786,~~916~~690 shares under the program during fiscal ~~2024~~2025, for a total cost of $1145.84 million. We repurchased 1279,~~571,139~~916 shares under the program, for a total cost of $7411.38 million, in fiscal ~~2023~~2024, and repurchased 21,~~292~~571,~~846~~139 shares under the program, for a total cost of $~~100~~74.03 million, in fiscal ~~2022~~2023. We have repurchased a total of 1112,~~276~~063,~~517~~207 shares, at a total cost of $~~393~~438.5 million, since the inception of this program. On October 6, 2023, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by 2 million shares. We have remaining authority to repurchase 2,~~973~~186,~~483~~793 shares under this program, which has no expiration date.

In addition to the shares repurchased under this repurchase plan, during fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, the Company also withheld $26.51 million, $2.35 million and $2.13 million, respectively, of Company stock from employees in order to satisfy stock-for-stock option exercises or tax obligations related to stock-based compensation, pursuant to terms of Board and shareholder-approved compensation plans.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following summarizes the accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, at March 21, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~February~~March 252, ~~2023~~2024:

(In thousands)

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

Net unrealized loss on marketable securities

(~~328~~149)

(~~550~~328)

Net unrealized gain on derivative instruments

~~440~~—

~~512~~440

Pension liability adjustments

(2,~~187~~106)

(32,~~044~~187)

Foreign currency translation adjustments

(2733,~~456~~037)

(2827,~~474~~456)

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss

(2935,~~531~~292)

(3129,~~556~~531)

1213. Share-Based Compensation

We have a 2019 Stock Incentive Plan and a 2019 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the Plans) that provide for the issuance of 1,150,000 and ~~150~~300,000 shares, respectively, for various forms of stock-based compensation to employees and non-employee directors. Awards under these Plans may be in the form of incentive stock options (to employees only), non-statutory options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights (SARs), or nonvested share awards and units, all of which are granted at a price or with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the date of award. We also have 2009 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan under which deferred restricted stock units were allocated, in addition to deferred restricted stock units acquired pursuant to a dividend equivalent reinvestment feature. As of June 23, 2019, no additional awards can be made under the 2009 Non-Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan.

We recorded share-based compensation expense, in which we account for any forfeitures as they occur, as follows:

(In thousands)	~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024		~~2022~~2023
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards	$	6,753	$	5,607	$	5,345
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units	$	8,040	$	6,753	$	5,607
Performance stock unit awards	2,714		2,389		501
Performance share units	2,685		2,714		2,389
Stock options	~~254~~—		~~660~~254		~~447~~660
Share-based compensation expense	910,~~721~~725		89,~~656~~721		68,~~293~~656

Stock Options

~~Stock~~For ~~option~~fiscal ~~and~~2024, ~~SAR~~there ~~activity~~were no cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options as all stock options were exercised on a stock-for-stock basis. The aggregate intrinsic value of securities exercised (the ~~current~~amount ~~fiscal~~by ~~year~~which isthe ~~summarized~~stock ~~below:~~price on the date of exercise exceeded the stock price of the award on the date of grant) was $1.8 million.

	Number ofShares	WeightedAverageExercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life	AggregateIntrinsic Value at Year-End
Outstanding at February 25, 2023	158,000	$	23.04
Awards exercised	(86,458)	23.04
Awards canceled	(71,542)	23.04
Outstanding at March 2, 2024	—	$	—	0.0 years	$	—

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For the fiscal year ended March 2, 2024, there were no cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options as all stock options were exercised on a stock-for-stock basis. The aggregate intrinsic value of securities exercised (the amount by which the stock price on the date of exercise exceeded the stock price of the award on the date of grant) was $1.8 million. For the fiscal year ended February 25, 2023, there were no cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options as all stock options were exercised on a stock-for-stock basis. The aggregate intrinsic value of securities exercised was $2.7 million.

Service Condition Awards

Nonvested share awards and units generally vest over a two, three or four-year period. The following table summarizes nonvested restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activity for fiscal ~~2024~~2025:

	Number of Shares and Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
February 25, 2023	375,080	$	35.89
Granted	199,138	43.38
Vested	(166,957)	32.54
Canceled	(22,800)	42.82
March 2, 2024	384,461	$	40.28

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	Number of Shares and Units	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Awards outstanding at March 2, 2024	384,461	$	40.28
Granted	137,227	63.59
Vested	(160,028)	42.67
Forfeited and cancelled	(13,441)	51.37
Awards outstanding at March 1, 2025	348,219	$	48.53

Performance Condition Awards

In fiscal 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors implemented an executive compensation program for certain key employees. In each of the first quarters of fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~fiscal 2024 and fiscal ~~2022~~2023, we issued performance shares in the form of nonvested share unit awards, which give the recipient the right to receive shares earned at the end of the respective three-fiscal-year performance period. The number of share units issued at grant is equal to the target number of performance shares and allows for the right to receive a variable number of shares, ranging from 0% to 200% of target, dependent on achieving a defined performance ~~goal~~goals and being employed at the end of the performance period.

The following table summarizes nonvested performance share units granted and outstanding for which ~~all~~ plans are at ~~maximum~~100% ~~achievement~~to of 200% of target:

		~~Number of Shares and Units~~	Number of Shares and Units	~~Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value~~		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
February 25, 2023		79,699		$	40.83
Awards outstanding at March 2, 2024			115,104			$	41.89
Granted		48,483		43.61
Granted (1)			76,914			48.37
Canceled		(13,078)		41.80
Vested (1)			(79,526)			34.90
March 2, 2024		115,104		$	41.89
Forfeited and cancelled			(11,372)			52.46
Awards outstanding at March 1, 2025			101,120			$	51.13
(1)	Includes 39,763 shares for performance goals component of the fiscal 2022-2024 performance period.

At March 21, ~~2024~~2025, there was $11.28 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share and nonvested share unit awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 21 months. The total fair value of shares vested during fiscal ~~2024~~2025 was $510.80 million.

1314. Income Taxes

Earnings before income taxes consisted of the following:

(In thousands)

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

~~2022~~2023

United States

~~133~~111,~~185~~029

~~126~~133,~~859~~185

70126,~~039~~859

International

(31,~~932)~~545

(103,~~238~~932)

(5610,~~170~~238)

Earnings before income taxes

~~129~~112,~~253~~574

~~116~~129,~~621~~253

13116,~~869~~621

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The components of income tax (benefit) expense for each of the last three fiscal years are as follows:

(In thousands)

~~2024~~2025

~~2023~~2024

~~2022~~2023

Current

Federal

3219,~~900~~979

932,~~621~~900

139,~~806~~621

State and local

63,~~172~~546

76,~~670~~172

47,~~823~~670

International

~~286~~(586)

~~231~~286

39231

Total current

3922,~~358~~939

1739,~~522~~358

1817,~~668~~522

Deferred

Federal

(83,~~361)~~190

(58,~~120~~361)

(15,~~528~~120)

State and local

~~(1,387)~~691

(21,~~487~~387)

(42,~~270~~487)

International

—(45)

~~422~~—

~~(2,158)~~422

Total deferred

(93,~~748)~~836

(79,~~185~~748)

(7,~~956~~185)

Total non-current tax (benefit) expense

2,177

(329)

Total non-current tax expense

747

2,177

Total income tax expense

2927,~~640~~522

1229,~~514~~640

1012,~~383~~514

Income tax payments, net of refunds, were $3329.06 million, $2733.40 million and $827.24 million in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our consolidated effective tax rates:

	2024		2023		2022
	2025		2024		2023
Statutory federal income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	2.49		32.54		163.45
Foreign tax rate differential	(0.28)		(0.2)		(150.42)
Valuation allowance	1.(0.3)		(41.7)0		63(4.27)
Nontaxable gain (loss) on life insurance policies	—		0.2		1.2
Nontaxable (loss) gain on life insurance policies	(0.2)		—		0.2
Deduction for foreign derived intangible income	(0.34)		(0.23)		(20.62)
Research & development tax credit	(1.35)		(1.53)		(91.45)
§162(m) Executive Compensation Limitation	03.84		0.8		30.58
Tax benefit of share based awards	(01.60)		(0.8

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