| 10-K | Annual report | The 10-K is a company's annual report to the SEC—complete financial statements, management's discussion of results, risk factors, and business strategy in one document. |
| 10-Q | Quarterly update | The 10-Q is a company's quarterly financial update—unaudited numbers, management commentary, and any significant changes since the last annual report. |
| 8-K | Current report | The 8-K is how companies report major news to the SEC—earnings releases, executive departures, acquisitions, and other significant events. |
| 4 | Insider trades | Form 4 is how a company's officers, directors and owners of more than 10% of its stock report a trade in that stock. Each row below is one Form 4: the company, the insider who filed it, and what it reports. |
| 6-K | Foreign company update | The 6-K is how foreign companies listed in the U.S. share news and financial updates between their annual reports. |
| 10-D | Asset-backed reports | The 10-D reports on asset-backed securities (ABS)—bonds backed by mortgages, auto loans, or credit cards. It shows how the underlying loans are performing. |
| S-1 | IPO registration | The S-1 is the IPO filing—everything you need to know about a company before it goes public, including financials, business model, risks, and how they'll use the money raised. |