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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)


þ			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________.

Commission File Number 001-16191

TENNANT COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Minnesota						41-0572550
State or other jurisdiction of						(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization						Identification No.)

10400 Clean Street

Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

763-540-1200

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.375 per share

TNC

New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025, was $1,417,121,984.

As of January 30, 2026, there were 17,846,681 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its 2026 annual meeting of shareholders (the “2026 Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference in Part III.

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Tennant Company

Form 10–K

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PART I					Page
	Item 1	Business			3
	Item 1A	Risk Factors			8
	Item 1B	Unresolved Staff Comments			14
	Item 1C	Cybersecurity			14
	Item 2	Properties			15
	Item 3	Legal Proceedings			15
	Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures			16
PART II
	Item 5	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			17
	Item 6	[Reserved]			18
	Item 7	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			19
	Item 7A	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			29
	Item 8	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			31
			Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		31
			Consolidated Financial Statements		34
			Consolidated Statements of Income		34
			Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income		35
			Consolidated Balance Sheets		36
			Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		37
			Consolidated Statements of Equity		38
			Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements		39
			1	Nature of Business	39
			2	Significant Accounting Policies	39
			3	Revenue	45
			4	Management Actions	47
			5	Acquisitions and Divestitures	47
			6	Inventories	49
			7	Property, Plant and Equipment	49
			8	Goodwill and Intangible Assets	50
			9	Debt	51
			10	Other Current Liabilities	52
			11	Derivatives	53
			12	Fair Value Measurements	57
			13	Equity Method Investments	59
			1 4	Retirement Benefit Plans	59
			1 5	Shareholders' Equity	66
			1 6	Leases	67
			1 7	Commitments and Contingencies	68
			1 8	Income Taxes	69
			1 9	Share-Based Compensation	73
			20	Income Attributable to Tennant Company Per Share	76
			2 1	Segment Reporting	77
	Item 9	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			79
	Item 9A	Controls and Procedures			79
	Item 9B	Other Information			80
	Item 9C	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections			80
PART III
	Item 10	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			81
	Item 11	Executive Compensation			81
	Item 12	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters			81
	Item 13	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			81
	Item 14	Principal Accountant Fees and Services			81
PART IV
	Item 15	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules			82
	Item 16	Form 10-K Summary			86
		Signatures			87

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TENNANT COMPANY

2025

ANNUAL REPORT

Form 10–K

PART I

ITEM 1 – Business

General Development of Business

Founded in 1870 by George H. Tennant, Tennant Company ("the Company, we, us, or our"), headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, is a world leader in designing, manufacturing and marketing of solutions that help create a cleaner, safer and healthier world. Tennant was incorporated as a Minnesota corporation in 1909 and began as a one-man woodworking business, eventually evolving into a successful wood flooring and wood products company, and finally into a manufacturer of floor cleaning equipment. Throughout its history, the Company has remained focused on advancing its industry by aggressively pursuing new technologies and creating a culture that celebrates innovation.

Today, the Company has 11 global manufacturing locations and operates in three geographic areas including the Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA") and Asia Pacific ("APAC"). We aggregate our operating segments into one reportable segment that consists of the design, manufacture, sale and servicing of products used primarily in the maintenance of nonresidential surfaces.

Our commitment to innovation and excellence extends across every aspect of our business—from product development and customer service to manufacturing and marketing. We prioritize delivering high-performance solutions that minimize waste, lower costs, enhance safety, and advance sustainability objectives. By dedicating resources to research, development and engineering, we continuously refine existing products and introduce new ones that align with evolving market demands.

Over the past century, we have expanded our brand portfolio, diversified our product offerings, and advanced our technologies through innovation and strategic acquisitions. This disciplined approach to growth ensures that each acquisition complements our existing capabilities and adds value by enhancing our product range or improving technological expertise.

Principal Products, Markets and Distribution

The Company offers products and solutions consisting of manual and autonomous mechanized cleaning equipment for both industrial and commercial use, detergent-free and other sustainable cleaning technologies, aftermarket parts and consumables, equipment maintenance and repair services, and business solutions such as financing, rental and leasing programs, and machine-to-machine asset management solutions. The Company is committed to developing cleaning technologies which increase cleaning productivity. We have strong brand presence in the global markets we serve, offering both premium and mid-tier products for each region to meet customer needs.

The Company's products are used in many types of environments including: retail establishments, distribution centers, factories and warehouses, public venues such as arenas and stadiums, office buildings, schools and universities, hospitals and clinics, and more. The Company markets its offerings under the following brands: Tennant®, Nobles®, Alfa Uma Empresa Tennant™, IPC, Gaomei and Rongen brands as well as private-label brands. The Company has a portfolio of differentiated technology solutions that includes an expanding portfolio of robotic cleaning equipment, IRIS® as an asset management solution, ec-H2O NanoClean® as a detergent-free cleaning solution, and ReadySpace® as a rapid-drying carpet cleaning technology. The Company's more than 40,000 customers include contract cleaners to whom organizations outsource facilities maintenance, as well as businesses that perform facilities maintenance themselves. The Company reaches these customers through the industry's largest direct sales and service organization and through a strong and well-supported network of authorized distributors worldwide.

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The Company has an extensive global field service network. We sell products directly in 21 countries and through distributors in more than 100 countries.

Raw Materials and Component Parts

Steel, metal alloys and resin are the primary raw materials used to manufacture our mechanized cleaning equipment. We purchase various component parts, electronics and services used in production and product development processes from third parties.

Operations and input costs are influenced by global macroeconomic conditions, including trade policies, tariffs on certain imported materials, interest rate levels, and regional supply-demand dynamics. While supply chain conditions have generally stabilized compared to prior periods, input costs remain subject to variability driven by tariff regimes, competitive market conditions, and regulatory requirements in certain jurisdictions.

The Company seeks to mitigate these risks through regional manufacturing and sourcing strategies, diversified supplier relationships, longer-term supply arrangements, and ongoing engineering and platform design initiatives intended to increase sourcing flexibility and supply chain resilience.

Intellectual Property

The Company owns a broad range of intellectual property rights in both the United States and a number of foreign countries. Our patents, proprietary technologies and trade secrets, customer relationships, licenses, trademarks, trade names and brand names in the aggregate constitute a valuable asset, but we do not regard our business as being materially dependent upon any single item or category of intellectual property. We take appropriate measures to protect our intellectual property to the extent such intellectual property can be protected.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses include scientific research costs such as salaries, prototypes, shop supplies, testing, technical information technology and administrative expenditures as well as an allocation of corporate costs. We conduct research and development activities to develop new products and to enhance the functionality, effectiveness, ease of use and reliability of our existing products. We believe that our research and development efforts have been, and continue to be, key drivers of our success in the marketplace, and we continue to explore new technologies and methodologies that help improve the efficiency and sustainability of our products.

Seasonality

Although the Company’s business is not seasonal in the traditional sense, the percentage of revenues in each quarter typically ranges from 22% to 28% of the total year. The first quarter tends to be at the low end of the range reflecting customers’ initial slow ramp up of capital purchases and the Company’s efforts to close out orders at the end of each year. The second and fourth quarters tend to be toward the high end of the range and the third quarter is typically in the middle of the range.

Major Customers

The Company sells a wide range of products to a diversified base of customers around the world and has no material concentration of credit risk or significant payment terms extended to customers.

Competition

Public industry data concerning global market share is limited; however, based on a review of validated third-party sources and sponsored market studies, the Company believes it is a leading global manufacturer of floor maintenance and cleaning equipment. The competitive landscape includes large multinational manufacturers operating across most geographic markets, as well as numerous regional and local participants that vary by country, vertical market, product category, channel, and degree of automation and technological capability, including the availability of autonomous and robotic cleaning solutions. Customer purchasing decisions are influenced by product performance, innovation, connectivity, automation, total cost of ownership, and the breadth of sales, service, and distribution support. Within this environment, the Company primarily

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competes by offering a diverse range of high-quality, innovative products supported by an extensive sales and service network in major markets.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2025, we had 4,484 employees worldwide, of which approximately 40.4% are located in the U.S. Our employees are guided by our vision to design, manufacture and market sustainable solutions that help create a cleaner, safer and healthier world.

Ethics and Employee Safety

Tennant Company is committed to fostering and upholding a culture of integrity and stewardship among our employees, distributors, and other business partners. We expect our business partners to adhere to our Supplier Core Expectations policy, which focuses on safe, ethical working conditions and human rights. We expect our employees not only to be aware of Tennant's ethical standards but to actively contribute to maintaining them. Tennant has a Code of Conduct and other internal and public facing policies addressing ethics and compliance, and conducts annual Code of Conduct training to empower our employees with the knowledge and tools to make ethical decisions in their roles. We understand the importance of fostering an environment where concerns can be raised without fear of reprisal. To facilitate this, we offer various avenues for reporting concerns, including a dedicated ethics hotline accessible both via phone and online.

We prioritize the health and safety of all employees. We operate under our established safety programs and employ an experienced team of health and safety specialists as well as a crisis management team to provide support to employees globally. All locations work diligently to meet and/or exceed regulatory standards applicable to each site. Tennant employees are empowered to stop work when a potential hazard is identified. Each site maintains public and confidential ways for employees to report safety concerns to ensure employees feel free to report their concerns.

Talent

We believe attraction, development, engagement, and retention of a diverse group of employees is key to achieving our organizational objectives. We focus on creating a high-performance culture, including our annual performance management process for all employees which aligns with our employee and leadership competency frameworks.

To support employee development, we deploy several resources and development tools for all employees. We also provide leaders access to on-demand eLearnings and targeted live training sessions. In addition, we engage in annual talent and succession planning conversations to help identify, develop, and deploy talent to achieve our objectives and address talent risks.

We believe employee feedback is key to engagement. We survey our employees regularly and incorporate the feedback into Company goals and objectives. We provide additional feedback and engagement avenues such as all-employee quarterly town halls and leadership meetings. We take action to drive improvement in our ability to engage and retain talent.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion ("DE&I")

Tennant Company believes an inclusive and diverse workforce contributes to our business success. The inclusion of diverse perspectives enables innovation and our ability to serve customers. We continue our focus on strategies which engage and educate our employees and promote our Thriving People pillar.

Tennant Company proudly continues our commitment to be an equal opportunity employer. We make employment decisions based on individual skill, ability, reliability, productivity, and other factors important to performance.

Women represent 50% of our executive management team and 33% of our Board of Directors as of December 31, 2025.

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Gender Equitable Pay

Tennant Company annually performs a gender wage gap for its United States employees that controls for title, grade and work location, which are legitimate and non-discretionary reasons for pay differences. The most recent assessment found that the mean total income for females was 99.4% of the mean total income for males, suggesting there is no evidence of a gender pay gap in the United States at Tennant Company.

Employee Gender Statistics

The following table represents employees by region and gender as of December 31, 2025:


	Female	Male	Total
Americas	470	1,857	2,327
Europe, Middle East, Africa	470	1,229	1,699
Asia Pacific	136	322	458
Total	1,076	3,408	4,484

Total Rewards

Tennant Company’s philosophy is to reward employees competitively for the work they perform consistent with position, skill level, experience, knowledge and geographic location. Each year, we evaluate the competitiveness of our pay levels against relevant labor markets and adjust our programs as appropriate. We offer a comprehensive total rewards package to our employees that includes pay, benefits, recognition, and well-being programs which are tailored by geographic location, statutory requirements, and competitive practice.

Available Information

The Company's internet address is www.tennantco.com. The Company makes available free of charge, through the Investor Relations website at investors.tennantco.com, its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable when such material is filed electronically with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC also maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information, which can be accessed at sec.gov.

Information About Our Executive Officers

The list below, as of February 24, 2026, identifies those persons designated as executive officers of the Company, including their age, positions held with the Company and their business experience during the past five or more years.

Barb Balinski, Senior Vice President, Chief Transformation Officer

Barb Balinski (62) has served as the Company's Senior Vice President, Chief Transformation Officer since May 2024. Ms. Balinski joined the Company in 2018 as Vice President of Engineering and in March 2021, she was named Senior Vice President, Innovation and Technology, leading Research & Development (R&D), Marketing, and Information Technology (IT) functions for Tennant Company. Prior to joining Tennant, Ms. Balinski held leadership positions of increasing responsibility with the engineering team for the Integrated Business Units at Whirlpool Corporation, a multinational manufacturer of home appliances, from 2005 to 2017, most recently as Director, Product Development, from 2013 to 2017. Prior to Whirlpool Corporation, she spent eleven years with Saturn Corporation, a subsidiary of General Motors.

Kristin A. Erickson, Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer, General Counsel Secretary and Corporate Secretary

Kristin A. Erickson (53) Kristin A. Erickson has served as the Company’s Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer since February 1, 2026, and interim SVP, Chief Human Resources Officer since June 2025, in addition to her role as SVP, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. She also served as interim SVP, Chief Human Resources Officer from June-November 2023. Ms. Erickson joined the Company's legal

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department in April 2008, serving in roles of increasing responsibility, including as Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer from 2019 to 2020. Ms. Erickson was named Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary in December 2020. In her time as general counsel she has led the Company’s legal, corporate and product compliance, business continuity and sustainability functions. Prior to joining Tennant in 2008, she served as Senior Counsel and Assistant Secretary for MoneyGram International, Inc., from 2004 to 2008. She started her career as a corporate attorney for Lindquist & Vennum, PLLP (n/k/a Ballard Spahr LLP).).

David W. Huml, President and Chief Executive Officer

David W. Huml (57) has served as the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer since March 2021, after serving as Chief Operating Officer from March 2020 to March 2021. Mr. Huml joined the Company in November 2014 as Senior Vice President, Global Marketing and was named President and Chief Executive Officer March 1, 2021. In January 2016, he also assumed oversight for the Company's APAC business unit, and in January 2017, he assumed oversight for the Company's EMEA business. From 2006 to October 2014, he held various positions with Pentair plc, a global manufacturer of water and fluid solutions, valves and controls, equipment protection and thermal management products, most recently as Vice President, Applied Water Platform. From 1992 to 2006, he held various positions with Graco Inc., a designer, manufacturer and marketer of systems and equipment to move, measure, control, dispense and spray fluid and coating materials, including Worldwide Director of Marketing, Contractor Equipment Division

Patrick W. Schottler, Senior Vice President, Robotics

Patrick W. Schottler (46) has served as the Company's Senior Vice President, Robotics since January 2026. Mr. Schottler joined the Company in 2011 as Senior Program Manager. After holding leadership roles in R&D and regional business development, he was named Vice President and General Manager of the Asia-Pacific Business Unit in 2017, a role he held for five years before assuming responsibility for the Company's global marketing and product management functions in 2022. In May 2024, he was named Chief Marketing and Technology Officer. Prior to joining Tennant Company, Mr. Schottler spent over a decade at Honeywell, where he held leadership roles in product development.

Fay West, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Fay West (56) joined the Company in April 2021 as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Tennant, she was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of SunCoke Energy, Inc., a raw material processing and handling company, from 2014 to 2021. Before joining SunCoke Energy, Inc., in 2011, as Vice President and Controller, she was Assistant Controller at United Continental Holdings, Inc. Prior to that role, she served in several leadership roles at PepsiAmericas, Inc., including Vice President of Accounting and Financial Reporting, and Director of Financial Reporting. Prior to joining PepsiAmericas, Inc., she was Vice President and Controller of GATX Rail Company.

Richard H. Zay, Senior Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer

Richard H. Zay (55) has served as the Company's Senior Vice President, Chief Commercial Officer since March 2021. Mr. Zay joined the Company in June 2010 as Vice President, Global Marketing and was named Senior Vice President, Global Marketing in October 2013 and Senior Vice President of the Americas business unit for the Company in 2014. In 2018, he assumed responsibility for Tennant Research and Development as well. From 2006 to June 2010, he held various positions with Whirlpool Corporation, most recently as General Manager, KitchenAid Brand. From 1993 to 2006, he held various positions with Maytag Corporation, including Vice President, Jenn-Air Brand, Director of Marketing, Maytag Brand, and Director of Cooking Category Management.

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ITEM 1A – Risk Factors

The following are risk factors known to us that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.

Macroeconomic Risks

We may encounter financial difficulties if the United States or other global economies experience an additional or continued long-term economic downturn, decreasing the demand for our products and negatively affecting our sales growth.

Our product sales are sensitive to declines in capital spending by our customers. Decreased demand for our products could result in decreased revenues, profitability and cash flows and may impair our ability to maintain our operations and fund our obligations to others. In the event of a continued long-term economic downturn in the U.S. or other global economies, our revenues could decline to the point that we may have to take cost-saving measures. In addition, other fixed costs would have to be reduced to a level that is in line with a lower level of sales. A long-term economic downturn that puts downward pressure on sales could also negatively affect investor perception relative to our publicly stated profit targets.

Changes in trade policy in the U.S. and other countries may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our business is exposed to a dynamic and uncertain global trade environment. Changes in U.S. or foreign trade policies, including the imposition of new, increased, or retaliatory tariffs, as well as potential amendments to trade agreements, may increase the cost of imported raw materials and components, disrupt established supply chains, and force us to seek alternative sourcing or manufacturing arrangements, which could be costly or time-consuming. Such measures could also reduce the attractiveness of certain markets, make our products less competitive, compress profit margins, and reduce demand, which in turn could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The future relationship between the United States and other countries remains uncertain, and recent trade actions, including tariffs on multiple countries and retaliatory measures, highlight the unpredictable nature and potential volatility of the trade landscape. These developments may also contribute to broader financial market volatility, affect the availability and cost of capital, and create uncertainty in planning long-term investments or strategies. The ultimate impact of trade policy changes is difficult to predict and could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.

On February 20, 2026, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision concluding that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not provide authority for the President to impose tariffs. During 2025, certain tariffs that affected us were imposed under this statute pursuant to presidential executive order. The ultimate financial impact of this decision cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The extent and timing of any potential recoveries of tariffs previously paid remain subject to further legal interpretation and administrative processes. We will continue to monitor developments and will evaluate the effect of the ruling on future reporting periods as additional information becomes available.

Adverse global economic conditions and geopolitical issues could have a negative effect on our business, and results of operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on a global supply chain for components, manufacturing, and distribution. Adverse global economic conditions and geopolitical developments, including armed conflicts, rising trade protectionism, economic sanctions, and political instability, may affect our operations. Such events include, but are not limited to, the war in Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East, and tensions among major trading nations. These developments could disrupt or delay the sourcing, manufacture, or shipment of components and finished products. Such disruptions could impair our ability to deliver equipment to customers in a timely manner or at all, reduce product availability, and increase supply‑chain complexity. These factors could reduce our revenues, compress margins and cash flows, and impair our ability to meet customer demand. Because the timing, scope, and duration of geopolitical or macroeconomic events are inherently unpredictable, they could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

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Our global operations are subject to laws and regulations that impose significant compliance costs and create reputational and legal risk.

Due to the international scope of our operations, we are subject to a complex system of commercial, tax, compliance and trade regulations around the world. Recent years have seen an increase in the development and enforcement of laws regarding trade, tax compliance, data privacy, sustainability, labor and safety and anti-corruption, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and similar laws from other countries. Our numerous foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are governed by laws, rules and business practices that differ from those of the U.S., but because we are a U.S.-based company, oftentimes they are also subject to U.S. laws which can create a conflict. Despite our due diligence, there is a risk that we do not have adequate resources or comprehensive processes to stay current on changes in laws or regulations applicable to us worldwide and maintain compliance with those changes. Increased compliance requirements may lead to increased costs and erosion of desired profit margin. As a result, it is possible that the activities of these entities may not comply with U.S. laws or business practices or our Code of Conduct. Violations of the U.S. or local laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, could disrupt our business, and result in an adverse effect on our reputation, business and results of operations or financial condition. We cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely impact our net sales and earnings.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could negatively affect our net sales, earnings, and financial condition. Many of our routine transactions are conducted in foreign currencies, and changes in exchange rates have previously impacted, and may continue to impact, our sales, material costs, earnings, and the valuation of foreign-denominated assets. While the majority of our manufacturing and cost structure is based in the U.S., a decline in the value of local currencies could make it more difficult for distributors and end users to afford our products. Significant exchange rate volatility could adversely affect our operational results and overall financial stability.

Industry Risks

We may be unable to take advantage of product pricing due to the competitive marketplace and increased price sensitivity.

Simplification of our customer product pricing is a key initiative to reduce the complexity in which we operate. The current competitive landscape, coupled with macroeconomic factors such as inflation, could impact our ability to achieve our pricing targets and influence demand. These pressures, along with internal constraints, may limit our ability to sell our products at our expected prices and may result in a change to the mix of product offerings that affect gross margin rates. Increasing our prices in this competitive market, where customers are very price sensitive, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results.

We are subject to competitive risks associated with developing innovative products and technologies, including, but not limited to, our inability to expand as rapidly or aggressively in the global market as our competitors, our customers ceasing to pay for innovation and competitive challenges to our products, technology and the underlying intellectual property.

Our products are sold in competitive markets throughout the world. Competition is based on product features and design, brand recognition, reliability, durability, technology, breadth of product offerings, price, customer relationships and after-sale service. Although we believe that the performance and price of our products will produce competitive solutions for our customers’ needs, certain products are priced higher than our competitors’ products. This is due to our dedication to innovation and continued investments in research and development. We believe that customers will pay for the innovations and quality in our products. However, it may be difficult for us to compete with lower priced products offered by our competitors and there can be no assurance that our customers will continue to choose our products over products offered by our competitors. If our products, markets and services are not competitive, we may experience a decline in sales volume, an increase in price discounting and a loss of market share, which would adversely impact our revenues, margin and the success of our operations.

Third parties may also initiate litigation to challenge the validity of our patents or claims, allege that we infringe upon their patents, violate our patents or they may use their resources to design comparable products

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that avoid infringing our patents. Regardless of whether such litigation is successful, such litigation could significantly increase our costs and divert management’s attention from the operation of our business, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Disruption in the availability of, quality, or increases in the cost of, raw materials and components that we purchase or labor required to manufacture our products could negatively impact our operating results or financial condition.

Our sales growth, expanding geographical footprint, and reliance on sole-source vendors heighten supply chain risks, including potential credit issues among suppliers and disruptions due to limited global production capacity. Sole-sourcing increases concentration risk and vulnerability to defects in highly customized components, which could lead to quality issues, returns, or production delays. Modularization and outsourcing key component designs may further increase reliance on sole suppliers and risk loss of proprietary control.

Vendors failing to meet quality standards could harm our reputation and sales. Supply chain disruptions, cost inflation, and skilled labor shortages negatively impact financial results and gross profit margins. Wage inflation from labor shortages may persist unless mitigated effectively. Government fiscal policies, tariffs, and import restrictions could further raise costs, reduce product demand, or limit raw material sourcing.

Global supply chain disruptions, natural disasters, tariffs, and limited supplier capacity have previously caused shortages of key components, parts, and accessories. Reliance on single suppliers exacerbates these challenges. Continued or new disruptions due to financial hardship, pandemics, natural disasters, or climate change-related events could impede our ability to source necessary materials, adversely affecting production, operations, and financial performance.

Increasing cost pressures could negatively impact our ability to achieve our strategic objectives and affect our financial results.

We are dependent on key suppliers to make certain materials available at a contracted price. Labor, overhead, and material costs have increased and we may not be able to offset these increased manufacturing costs with a higher finished product price. We also may not be able to push those direct cost increases onto our customers in a timely manner given the competitive environment. A decline in demand for our products may have a direct impact on our ability to achieve better pricing through volume discounts.

We are subject to product liability claims and product quality issues that could adversely affect our operating results or financial condition.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacturing and distribution of our products. If products are used incorrectly by our customers, injury may result leading to product liability claims against us. Some of our products or product improvements may have defects or risks that we have not yet identified that may give rise to product quality issues, liability and warranty claims. Quality issues may also arise due to changes in parts or specifications with suppliers and/or changes in suppliers. If product liability claims are brought against us for damages that are in excess of our insurance coverage or for uninsured liabilities and it is determined we are liable, our business could be adversely impacted. Any losses we suffer from any liability claims, and the effect that any product liability litigation may have upon the reputation and marketability of our products, may have a negative impact on our business and operating results. We could experience a material design or manufacturing failure in our products, a quality system failure, other safety issues, or heightened regulatory scrutiny that could warrant a recall of some of our products. Any unforeseen product quality problems could result in loss of market share, reduced sales and higher warranty expense.

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Operational Risks

Our ability to effectively operate our Company could be adversely affected if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and other highly skilled employees, provide employee development opportunities and create effective succession planning strategies.

Our growth strategy, expanding global footprint, changing workforce demographics and increased improvements in technology and business processes designed to enhance the customer experience are putting increased pressure on human capital strategies designed to attract, retain and develop top talent.

Our continued success will depend on, among other things, the skills and services of our executive officers and other key personnel. Our ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, technical, manufacturing, research, sales and marketing personnel also impacts our ability to effectively operate our business. As companies grow and increase their hiring activities, there is an inherent risk of increased employee turnover and the loss of valuable employees in key positions, especially in emerging markets. We believe the increased loss of key personnel within a concentrated region could adversely affect our sales performance.

We may not be able to develop or manage strategic planning and growth processes or the related operational plans to deliver on our strategies and establish a broad organization alignment, thereby impairing our ability to achieve future performance expectations.

We are continuing to refine our global company strategy to guide our next phase of performance as our structure has become more complex. We continue to consolidate and reallocate resources as part of our ongoing efforts to optimize our cost structure and to drive synergies. Our operating results may be negatively impacted if we are unable to implement new processes and manage organizational changes, which include changes to our go-to-market strategy, systems and processes; simultaneous focus on expense control and growth; and introduction of alternative cleaning methods. In addition, if we do not effectively realize and sustain the benefits that these transformations are designed to produce, we may not fully realize the anticipated savings of these actions or they may negatively impact our ability to serve our customers or meet our strategic objectives.

Complications with the design or implementation of our new Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system that could adversely impact our business and operations.

We rely extensively on information systems and technology to manage our business and support our growth strategy. Many of these systems require significant upgrades to align with our enterprise strategy and meet the demands of the current business environment, particularly with our focus on customer-facing technologies. However, limitations in resources and expertise may hinder our ability to upgrade these systems efficiently, potentially resulting in significant expenses, operational inefficiencies, and challenges in delivering improved technology solutions to our customers.

As part of our enterprise strategy, we are implementing a global enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system to modernize our financial and operational systems, enhance functionality, and provide timely information to management. While we anticipate increased efficiencies by standardizing processes and leveraging a common cloud-based system, the implementation process has been complex and resource-intensive, requiring substantial financial and personnel investments.

Risks associated with this migration include:

•Significant capital and operating expenditures;

•Disruptions to domestic and international supply chains;

•Disruption in customer experience;

•Delays or inaccuracies in fulfilling orders or processing payments;

•Disruption to internal controls and reporting processes; and

•Increased demands on management and staff time, potentially detracting from other corporate initiatives.

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If we are unable to successfully design, implement, and stabilize the ERP system, our financial position, operational performance, and liquidity could be adversely impacted. Furthermore, ineffective system implementation or performance could comprise our internal controls over financial reporting, delay required filings, or disrupt our ability to meet operational and customer demands.

In the first week of November 2025, we implemented a new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system in our largest region, North America, to replace legacy systems and support our long‑term operational objectives. The implementation caused disruption to our order‑management, fulfillment, and production‑scheduling processes from the the implementation date through November, with certain impacts extending into December and early 2026 as we stabilized system performance. These disruptions reduced our operating capacity, limited our ability to fulfill customer orders on a timely basis, created inefficiencies and increased costs in our operations, and negatively affected certain customer experiences.

Although core workflows have improved since the initial deployment and December revenue recovered from November levels, we incurred additional labor and support costs to stabilize the system. Certain impacts have continued into 2026 as we refine processes and enhance system performance. If we are unable to fully stabilize, optimize, and integrate the new ERP system as planned, or if additional issues emerge, our ability to meet customer expectations, operate efficiently, maintain effective controls, or achieve anticipated business benefits may be adversely affected.

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — ERP System Implementation” in Part II, Item 7, of this Form 10‑K.

We may encounter risks to our information technology ("IT") infrastructure, such as access and security, that may not be adequately designed to protect critical data and systems from theft, corruption, unauthorized usage, viruses, sabotage or unintentional misuse.

Global cybersecurity threats and incidents can range from uncoordinated individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to IT systems to sophisticated and targeted measures known as advanced persistent threats, directed at the Company, its products and its customers. We experience cybersecurity threats and incidents from time to time; however, to date, none have been material. We seek to deploy comprehensive measures to deter, prevent, detect, react to and mitigate these threats, including identity and access controls, data protection, vulnerability assessments, continuous monitoring of our IT networks and systems and maintenance of backup and protective systems.

Despite these efforts, cybersecurity incidents, depending on their nature and scope, could potentially result in the misappropriation, destruction, corruption or unavailability of critical data and confidential or proprietary information (our own or that of third parties) and the disruption of business operations. The potential consequences of a material cybersecurity incident include financial loss, reputational damage, litigation with third parties, theft of intellectual property, diminution in the value of our investment in research, development and engineering, and increased cybersecurity protection and remediation costs due to the increasing sophistication and proliferation of threats, which in turn could adversely affect our competitiveness and results of operations.

We may be unable to conduct business if we experience a significant business interruption in our IT systems, manufacturing plants or distribution facilities for a significant period of time.

We rely on our IT systems, manufacturing plants and distribution facilities to efficiently operate our business. If we experience an interruption in the functionality in any of these items for a significant period of time for any reason, we may not have adequate business continuity planning contingencies in place to allow us to continue our normal business operations on a long-term basis. In addition, the increase in customer-facing technology raises the risk of a lapse in business operations. Therefore, significant long-term interruption in our business could cause a decline in sales, an increase in expenses and could adversely impact our financial results.

As noted above, in the first week of November 2025 we implemented a new ERP system in North America as part of a multi‑year project. The implementation caused operational and customer‑facing disruptions, and although we believe the primary issues have been addressed, the system continues to require refinement and optimization. Any significant disruption to the ERP system, or the need for additional improvements or upgrades,

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could require capital investments, divert key personnel, or cause short‑term operational impacts. Such outcomes could impair our ability to execute key initiatives and could adversely affect our sales, profitability, cash flows, or financial condition.

Our ability to manage the health and safety of our global workforce may lead to increased business disruption and financial penalties.

We remain focused on the health and safety measures that impact our business from a manufacturing perspective. Our manufacturing teams monitor the effectiveness of our wellness and safety programs. The Company may be required to make enhancements and incur costs related to any new health guidelines and protocols to adapt to new health crises, which may adversely affect our business, financial conditions, or operating results.

We may consider acquisitions of suitable candidates to accomplish our growth objectives. We may not be able to successfully integrate the businesses we acquire to achieve operational efficiencies, including synergistic and other benefits of acquisition.

We may consider, as part of our growth strategy, supplementing our organic growth through acquisitions of complementary businesses or products. We have engaged in acquisitions in the past and we may determine that future acquisitions may provide meaningful opportunities to grow our business and improve profitability. Acquisitions allow us to enhance the breadth of our product offerings and expand the market and geographic participation of our products and services.

However, our success in growing by acquisition is dependent upon identifying businesses to acquire, integrating the newly acquired businesses with our existing businesses and complying with the terms of our credit facilities. We may incur difficulties in the realignment and integration of business activities when assimilating the operations and products of an acquired business or in realizing projected efficiencies, cost savings, revenue synergies and profit margins. Acquired businesses may not achieve the levels of revenue, profit, productivity or otherwise perform as expected. We are also subject to incurring unanticipated liabilities and contingencies associated with an acquired entity that are not identified or fully understood in the due diligence process. Current or future acquisitions may not be successful or accretive to earnings if the acquired businesses do not achieve expected financial results.

In addition, we may record significant goodwill or other intangible assets in connection with an acquisition. We are required to perform impairment tests at least annually and whenever events indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable from future cash flows. If we determine that any intangible asset values need to be written down to their fair values, this could result in a charge that may be material to our operating results and financial condition.

Inadequate funding or insufficient innovation of new technologies may result in an inability to develop and commercialize new innovative products and services.

We strive to develop new and innovative products and services to differentiate ourselves in the marketplace. New product development relies heavily on our financial and resource investments in both the short-term and long-term. If we fail to adequately fund product development projects or fund a project which ultimately does not gain the market acceptance we anticipated, we risk not meeting our customers' expectations, which could result in decreased revenues, declines in margin and loss of market share.

We may encounter risks related to our business transformation and strategic initiatives.

Our ability to achieve growth, competitiveness, and long-term successes depends on the effective execution of our ongoing business transformation and global strategies. However, the scope and complexity of these initiatives present significant risks. Challenges in managing this transformation effectively could result in operational disruptions, delays, or failure to realize anticipated benefits. Specific risks include:

•Employee resistance and retention challenges: employees may resist changes due to concerns for job security, discomfort with new technologies and processes, or misalignment with organizational priorities.

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Ineffective execution of our employee value proposition strategy could exacerbate these issues, resulting in retention challenges, reduced morale, and lower workforce productivity.

•Resource constraints: successful business transformation requires adequate financial, human, and technological resources. Insufficient or ineffective allocation of these resources could impede our ability to execute transformation initiatives.

Completion of our business transformation may take longer than expected, and there is no guarantee that the intended outcomes will be fully realized or realized within the anticipated timeframe. If we are unable to effectively manage these risks, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

ITEM 1B – Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

ITEM 1C – Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity processes to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data. Our approach to assessing, prioritizing, and effecting cybersecurity processes and projects is based on standards from the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST").

We have established an enterprise risk management ("ERM") program that considers our enterprise strategy, information from internal stakeholders, and information from external sources (e.g., emerging risks and trends, evaluations by third parties, and best practices) to identify, assess, categorize, and monitor risks including cybersecurity risks. The ERM program develops enterprise risk profiles to address individual risk drivers, develop action plans, and monitor against key risk indicators. At least annually, the ERM program is presented to our Board, Audit Committee, and members of management.

We have strategically integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader ERM program to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management. This integration ensures that cybersecurity considerations are an integral part of our decision-making processes. Our strategy includes regular employee training and awareness on cybersecurity risks and related best practices, required password complexity, the use of multi-factor authentication, information security protocols, anti-virus and anti-ransomware software, a patch management program, the execution of tabletop exercises on a periodic basis, established policies and protocols for cyber incident response planning and reporting, and ongoing internal cybersecurity testing. Our risk management team works closely with our IT department to continuously evaluate and address cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs.

We test our ability to respond to cybersecurity incidents on a recurring basis. Additionally, we engage third-party service providers to assist with the ongoing monitoring for cybersecurity events and incidents, as well as to complete risk quantification analysis and perform penetration and vulnerability testing. If any gaps are identified, the third-party service providers also assist with incident assessment and response. We conduct thorough up-front security assessments of all third-party providers before engagement, led by our Vice President, Chief Information Office ("CIO") and our cybersecurity team, and we maintain ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with our cybersecurity standards. This approach is designed to mitigate risks related to security incidents originating from third parties.

We have not encountered cybersecurity incidents or identified risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing.

Governance

Within our organization, we have a management team responsible for assessing and managing cybersecurity risks. The team is led by our CIO and consists of the Cyber Security Incident Response Team ("CSIRT") and internal audit personnel. The CSIRT is comprised of IT management and experienced cybersecurity personnel. The role of the CSIRT is to promptly handle an incident so that containment, investigation, and recovery can occur quickly. Where third-party services are leveraged, they ensure they are

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engaged as necessary. The CSIRT Leader oversees and prioritizes actions during an incident's detection, analysis, and containment. They are also responsible for conveying the special requirements of high severity incidents to the rest of the organization as well as communicating potential impacts to the CIO. Additionally, they are responsible for understanding the service level agreements ("SLAs") in place with third parties, and the role third parties may play in specific response scenarios. Our CIO has over 30 years of experience in IT, enterprise security, and cyber risk management and has previously held global IT infrastructure and business solutions roles. In addition, our CSIRT Leader has 30 years of technology and cybersecurity experience and has previously held data security and global IT infrastructure positions at risk management and asset protection services companies.

The CIO and CSIRT, in combination with the Senior Vice President, Chief Transformation Officer and CEO, play a pivotal role in informing the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors on cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee is central to the Board's oversight of cybersecurity risks and bears the primary responsibility for this domain. The Audit Committee is composed of Board members with diverse expertise including risk management, technology, and finance, equipping them to oversee cybersecurity risks effectively.

The Vice President, CIO provides comprehensive quarterly briefings to the Audit Committee. These briefings encompass a broad range of topics, including:

•Current cybersecurity landscape and emerging threats;

•Status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies;

•Incident reports and learnings from any cybersecurity events; and

•Compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards.

In addition to our quarterly meetings, the Audit Committee, CIO and CEO maintain an ongoing dialogue regarding emerging or potential cybersecurity risks. The CIO and CEO provide updates on any significant developments in the cybersecurity domain, ensuring the Board's oversight is proactive and responsive. The Audit Committee actively participates in strategic decisions related to cybersecurity, as well as tabletop exercises for tactical response readiness. This involvement ensures that cybersecurity considerations are integrated into the broader strategic objectives of Tennant Company. The Audit Committee conducts an annual review of the Company's cybersecurity posture and the effectiveness of its risk management strategies. This review helps in identifying areas for improvement and ensuring the alignment of cybersecurity efforts with the overall risk management framework.

ITEM 2 – Properties

The Company’s corporate offices are owned by the Company and are located in the Minneapolis, Minnesota metropolitan area. Manufacturing facilities located in Golden Valley, Minnesota; Holland, Michigan; Uden, The Netherlands; and the Italian cities of Venice, Cremona and Reggio Emilia and in the Province of Padua are owned by the Company. Manufacturing facilities located in Louisville, Kentucky; São Paulo, Brazil; Hefei, China; and another facility in the Province of Padua are leased to the Company. In addition, we use a dedicated, third-party plant in Germany that specially manufactures heavy-duty stainless steel scrubbers and sweepers to IPC designs. IPC also owns a minor tools and supplies assembly operation in China to service local customers. The facilities are in good operating condition, suitable for their respective uses and adequate for current needs.

Sales offices, warehouse and storage facilities are leased in various locations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, The Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, the United Kingdom, Japan, China, India, Australia, and New Zealand. The Company’s facilities are in good operating condition, suitable for their respective uses and adequate for current needs.

Further information regarding the Company’s property and lease commitments is included in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 3 – Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies in the consolidated financial statements.

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ITEM 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5 – Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

MARKET INFORMATION – Tennant's common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, under the ticker symbol TNC. As of February 13, 2026, there were 236 shareholders of record.

DIVIDEND INFORMATION – Cash dividends on Tennant’s common stock have been paid for 81 consecutive years. Tennant’s annual cash dividend payout increased for the 54th consecutive year to $1.195 per share in 2025, an increase of $0.06 per share over 2024. Dividends are generally declared each quarter. On February 10, 2026, the Company announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.31 per share payable March 16, 2026, to shareholders of record on February 27, 2026.

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT OR DIRECT DEPOSIT OPTIONS – Shareholders have the option of reinvesting quarterly dividends in additional shares of Company stock or having dividends deposited directly to a bank account. The Transfer Agent should be contacted for additional information.

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR – Shareholders with a change of address or questions about their account may contact:

Equiniti Trust Company

Shareowner Services

P.O. Box 64874

St. Paul, MN 55164-0854

(800) 468-9716

SHARE REPURCHASES – Share repurchases are made from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company paid $87.7 million to repurchase 1,108,998 shares of its common stock. On February 11, 2025, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock. Under the share repurchase program, 1,514,063 shares remain authorized.


For the Quarter Ended December 31, 2025	Total Number of Shares Purchased(a)	Average Price Paid Per Share(b)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(b)
October 1–31, 2025	133,663	$	80.97	133,663	1,798,177
November 1–30, 2025	130,580	$	72.64	129,319	1,668,858
December 1–31, 2025	154,795	$	75.00	154,795	1,514,063
Total	419,038	$	76.17	417,777	1,514,063

(a)Includes 1,261 shares delivered or attested to in satisfaction of the exercise price and/or tax withholding obligations by employees who exercised stock options or restricted stock under employee share-based compensation plans.

(b)The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased and recorded a corresponding liability for the excise taxes payable in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. All dollar amounts presented exclude such excise taxes.

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STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH – The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on Tennant’s common stock to two indices: S&P SmallCap 600 and S&P 500 Industrials (Sector). The graph below compares the performance for the last five fiscal years, assuming an investment of $100 on December 31, 2020, including the reinvestment of all dividends.


	2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		2025
Tennant Company	$	100	$	117	$	90	$	138	$	122	$	112
S&P SmallCap 600	$	100	$	127	$	106	$	123	$	134	$	142
S&P 500 Industrials (Sector) (TR)	$	100	$	121	$	114	$	135	$	159	$	190

Source: Zacks Investment Research, Inc.

ITEM 6 – [Reserved]

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ITEM 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") provides a comparison of the Company's results of operations, as well as liquidity and capital resources for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and notes included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Throughout this MD&A, the Company refers to measures used by management to evaluate performance, including financial measures that are not defined under generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the U.S. Net sales excluding foreign currency translation (i.e., organic sales) is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP; however, the Company believes it is useful in understanding its financial results and provides comparable measures for understanding the operating results of the Company between different periods.

The year-over-year comparisons in this MD&A are as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unless stated otherwise. The discussion of 2023 results and related year-over-year comparisons as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are found in Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Overview

Tennant Company is a world leader in designing, manufacturing and marketing solutions that help create a cleaner, safer, healthier world. The Company is committed to creating and commercializing breakthrough, sustainable cleaning innovations to enhance its broad suite of products, including floor maintenance and cleaning equipment, detergent-free and other sustainable cleaning technologies, aftermarket parts and consumables, equipment maintenance and repair service, and asset management solutions. Our products are used in many types of environments, including factories and warehouses, distribution centers, office buildings, public venues such as arenas and stadiums, schools and universities, hospitals and clinics, and more. Customers include contract cleaners to whom organizations outsource facilities maintenance as well as businesses that perform facilities maintenance themselves. The Company reaches these customers through the industry's largest direct sales and service organization and through a strong and well-supported network of authorized distributors worldwide.

Macroeconomic Events

As a global company, we continue to be exposed to risks and uncertainties stemming from macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions. These factors include inflationary pressures, interest rate volatility, foreign currency exchange rate volatility, changes in capital markets conditions, and shifts in international trade policy. Collectively, these conditions create a dynamic operating environment that may affect the Company’s ability to drive growth, restore margins, and advance its transformation initiatives

While overall inflationary pressures have generally moderated, the Company continues to experience a more concentrated and direct impact on the cost components of its products, which remain significant to its cost structure. Changes in trade policy, particularly tariffs, pose a significant risk to our operations. Tariff increases, changes to trade agreements, or potential retaliatory actions could raise supplier costs, weaken demand, and disrupt the Company’s operations. The Company has implemented, and expects to continue implementing, pricing actions, cost management initiatives, and supply chain measures to mitigate these pressures; however, such efforts may not fully offset the impact.

Global geopolitical instability continues to contribute to economic and operational uncertainty. Ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, rising tensions involving China and Taiwan, and the possibility of escalation in regions where the United States may be involved have increased the risk of wider economic disruption. These developments could result in supply chain volatility, logistics constraints, higher input costs, and changes in customer purchasing behavior. The timing, duration, and severity of these potential effects are uncertain and difficult to predict.

Demand trends across our major markets were mixed throughout the year. In China, after a period marked by uneven economic recovery and pricing pressure, organic growth returned late in the year. In EMEA and the broader APAC region, organic growth also improved in the latter part of the year, reversing earlier declines and

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reflecting resilience in select markets and effective responses to customer needs despite ongoing macroeconomic and competitive pressures.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation

In the first week of November 2025, the Company went live with the ERP system in its largest region, North America. The transition introduced unexpected challenges that constrained operating capacity post go-live, including order‑management and fulfillment disruptions, manufacturing scheduling issues, and reduced inventory visibility, particularly within Parts & Consumables and Service. The system transition also resulted in the loss of three weeks of machine order entry and parts shipping capability, as well as contributing to slower transaction processing and prolonged customer delays.

In response, the Company deployed cross‑functional recovery teams, implemented manual and system‑based workarounds, increased on‑site support, and adjusted production scheduling. Although December showed improvement as our mitigation efforts took hold, we were unable to fully offset the impact of the November disruptions.

While primary system issues have been addressed, certain customer‑related impacts and incremental support needs continued into early 2026, and we expect some temporary inefficiencies to persist as teams acclimate to the new platform and as optimization efforts continue.

See the "Risk Factors" section in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report for further discussion of the possible impact of the above conflicts and macroeconomic events on our business and financial results.

Outlook

The Company expects the macroeconomic and demand environment in 2026 to generally reflect the conditions experienced during 2025. Tariff‑related cost increases and inflationary input costs are expected to remain key elements of the cost structure. The Company has implemented targeted pricing and cost‑out initiatives intended to moderate these impacts, though the timing and magnitude of benefits may vary.

Following the North America ERP implementation in late 2025, certain operational inefficiencies and elevated support needs are expected to persist into the second quarter of 2026. As part of broader system‑stabilization efforts, the Company conducted a comprehensive physical inventory that required a two‑week shutdown of manufacturing operations in early January, which is expected to weigh on first‑quarter sales and costs. The Company also anticipates continued operating inefficiencies during the early stages of system stabilization, resulting in higher costs and margin pressure, most notably in the first quarter. As stabilization progresses and processes mature, the Company expects to transition toward a more normalized operating rhythm by mid‑year.

While these factors may influence near‑term results, operating margins are expected to improve through 2026 as ERP stabilization advances and as the cumulative benefits of pricing actions, cost‑management measures, and supply‑chain initiatives are realized. Margin performance is expected to strengthen gradually over the course of the year, with first‑quarter margins anticipated to be generally consistent with levels experienced in the fourth quarter of 2025 and improving thereafter as operational efficiency increases. The Company also expects ongoing margin pressure from tariffs implemented in the second half of 2025. To help offset these impacts, it has taken targeted actions across its supply chain and commercial pricing processes.

Additionally, the Company continues to invest in strategic priorities that support long‑term growth and competitiveness, including the ongoing expansion of its robotics portfolio and autonomous solutions.

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Historical Results

The following table compares the historical results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 in dollars and as a percentage of net sales (in millions, except per share amounts and percentages):


	2025		%	2024		%
Net sales	$	1,203.5	100.0	$	1,286.7	100.0
Cost of sales	719.2		59.8	736.7		57.3
Gross profit	484.3		40.2	550.0		42.7
Selling and administrative expense	374.8		31.1	391.9		30.5
Research and development expense	41.2		3.4	43.8		3.4
Operating income	68.3		5.7	114.3		8.9
Interest expense, net	(9.0)		(0.7)	(9.1)		(0.7)
Net foreign currency transaction gain	(1.7)		(0.1)	0.1		—
Other expense, net	0.3		—	(0.5)		—
Income before income taxes	57.9		4.8	104.8		8.1
Income tax expense	14.1		1.2	21.1		1.6
Net income	43.8		3.6	83.7		6.5
Net income per share - diluted	$	2.36		$	4.38

Net Sales

Consolidated net sales in 2025 totaled $1,203.5 million, a 6.5% decrease as compared to consolidated net sales of $1,286.7 million in 2024. The components of the consolidated net sales change were as follows:


			Twelve Months Ended December 31,
			2025 vs. 2024
Price			1.4%
Volume			(8.7)%
Organic decline			(7.3)%
Acquisitions			0.1%
Foreign currency			0.7%
Total decline			(6.5)%

The 6.5% decrease in consolidated net sales was driven by:

•Organic sales decline of 7.3% primarily due to volume declines in North America, which lapped a significant backlog-reduction benefit in the prior-year period and was affected by transitional impacts related to the new ERP implementation. These factors were partly offset by price realization in the Americas and EMEA;

•A net favorable impact from foreign currency exchange of approximately 0.7% primarily due to the strengthening of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar; and

•Acquisition-related growth of 0.1% driven by TCS.

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The following table sets forth annual net sales by geographic area and the related percentage change from the prior year (in millions, except percentages):


	2025		%	2024		%
Americas	$	792.0	(10.9)	$	888.5	5.7
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)	334.6		5.1	318.5		1.3
Asia Pacific (APAC)	76.9		(3.5)	79.7		(10.3)
Total	$	1,203.5	(6.5)	$	1,286.7	3.5

Americas

Net sales in the Americas were $792.0 million in 2025, a decrease of 10.9% from 2024 driven by:

•Organic sales decline of 10.5%, primarily due to volume declines in North America, as a result of lapping a significant backlog-reduction benefit in the prior-year period, order fulfillment disruptions associated with our fourth quarter 2025 ERP transition, and softer underlying demand primarily in industrial equipment in the second half of 2025. This was partially offset by price realization; and

•A net unfavorable impact from foreign currency exchange of approximately 0.4%.

Europe, Middle East and Africa ("EMEA")

EMEA net sales were $334.6 million in 2025, an increase of 5.1% from 2024 driven by:

•A net favorable impact from foreign currency exchange of approximately 4.3%;

•Organic sales increase of 0.5%, due to price realization, partly offset by volume declines in Germany, Benelux, Scandinavia and France; and

•Inorganic sales growth of 0.3% driven by the acquisition of TCS.

Asia Pacific ("APAC")

APAC net sales were $76.9 million in 2025, a decrease of 3.5% from 2024 driven by:

•Organic sales decrease of 2.2%, reflecting the impact of pricing actions and softer underlying demand primarily in China and Southeast Asia, partly offset by volume growth in Australia and India; and

•A net unfavorable impact from foreign currency exchange of approximately 1.3%.

Gross Profit

Gross profit margin of 40.2% was 250 basis points lower in 2025 compared to 2024. The margin rate decrease was primarily driven by a shift in volume and mix dynamics. Additionally, the effects of the ERP transition in North America contributed to volume deleverage, as well as broader operational inefficiencies and cost impacts. Margin performance was also affected by higher material costs. The comparison to the prior year was further influenced by a significant backlog reduction in 2024 that carried a higher concentration of higher margin industrial products sold through direct channels. These factors were partially offset by favorable price realization, including pricing actions taken to address tariff-related cost increases.

Operating Expenses

Selling and Administrative Expense

Selling and Administrative expense ("S&A expense") was $374.8 million in 2025, a decrease of $17.1 million compared to 2024. The S&A expense decrease was driven by lower compensation-related costs and reductions in certain legal, integration, and restructuring expenses, partially offset by higher ERP spending and increased bad debt expense. As a percentage of net sales, S&A expense in 2025 increased 60 basis points to 31.1% from 30.5% in 2024, primarily due to net sales deleverage.

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Research and Development Expense

Research and Development ("R&D") expense was $41.2 million, or 3.4% of net sales, in 2025, with R&D as a percentage of sales flat compared to 2024.

We continue to invest in developing innovative products and technologies at levels necessary to propel our technology, innovative leadership position and drive growth.

Total Other Expense, Net

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $9.0 million in 2025, a decrease of $0.1 million compared to 2024. The decrease was the result of a lower average interest rate. The following table compares the weighted average outstanding borrowings, average interest rate, interest expense and interest income for the years ended December 31 (in millions, except percentages):


	2025			2024
Weighted Average Outstanding Borrowings	$	220.5		$	211.8
Average interest rate	5.8		%	6.4		%
Interest expense	12.6			13.6
Interest income	(3.6)			(4.5)
Interest expense, net	$	9.0		$	9.1

Our debt portfolio as of December 31, 2025 was comprised of debt predominately in U.S. dollars. The Company manages its floating rate debt exposure using fixed rate interest rate swaps to reduce the Company's risk of the possibility of increased interest costs.

Foreign Currency Transaction (Loss) Gain

Net foreign currency transaction loss was $1.7 million in 2025, compared to a gain of $0.1 million in 2024. The unfavorable impact was primarily attributed to hedging transaction costs associated with increased year-over-year exposure to the Brazilian Real relative to the U.S. dollar.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for 2025 was 24.3% compared to 20.1% in 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by the value of certain non-cash exceptional tax items. The 2024 tax rate includes a benefit related to a reduction to a deferred tax liability on undistributed foreign earnings as those cumulative earnings were reduced by statutory book losses. We do not expect similar benefits in future years. This non-cash event had an impact of (3.7%) in 2024. Absent these benefits the effective tax rate for 2024 would have been 23.8%.

In general, it is our practice and intention to permanently reinvest the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries and repatriate earnings only when the tax impact is zero or immaterial. No deferred taxes have been provided for withholding taxes or other taxes that would result in repatriation of our foreign investments to the U.S.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Our primary liquidity needs are to fund working capital, fund investments, service our debt, maintain cash reserves and invest in capital expenditures. Our sources of liquidity include cash generated from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and from time to time, debt and equity offerings. We believe our current resources are sufficient to meet our working capital requirements for our current business for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.

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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaled $106.4 million at December 31, 2025, as compared to $99.8 million as of December 31, 2024. Wherever possible, cash management is centralized and intercompany financing is used to provide working capital to subsidiaries as needed. Our current ratio was 2.0 as of December 31, 2025 and 2.0 as of December 31, 2024. Our primary working capital, which is comprised of accounts receivable, inventories and accounts payable was $327.8 million as of December 31, 2025 and $316.0 million as of December 31, 2024. Our debt-to-capital ratio was 31.2% as of December 31, 2025, compared to 24.3% as of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding in the amount of $3.2 million, leaving approximately $374.3 million of unused borrowing capacity on our revolving facility.

On February 10, 2026, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a quarterly cash dividend of $0.31 per share payable on March 16, 2026, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 27, 2026.

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities in 2025 was $65.0 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $89.7 million in 2024. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by lower operating performance and increased consumption of working capital.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities in 2025 was $22.7 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $78.4 million in 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by one-time cash outflows in the prior year related to a used $32.1 million investment in Brain, Corp and a $25.7 million net cash outlay for the acquisition of TCS.

Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities in 2025 was $38.7 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $25.2 million in 2024. The increase in cash outflows was primarily driven by share repurchases and dividend payments, partly offset by increased net proceeds from borrowings.

Stock Repurchase Program

On October 31, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 1,000,000 shares of our comment stock.

On February 11, 2025, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to 2,000,000 shares of our common stock.

Share repurchases may be made on an opportunistic basis through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. We are not obligated to purchase any shares, and there is no set date that the program will expire. Our board of directors, at its discretion, may increase or decrease the number of authorized shares or terminate the program at any time.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we repurchased 1,108,998 shares under both programs, with 1,514,063 shares of common stock remaining under the 2025 repurchase plan.

For more information related to our stock repurchases, see Note 15, Shareholders' Equity, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K.

Cash Requirements

The Company believes the liquidity available from the combination of expected cash generated by operating activities, existing cash and available credit under existing credit facilities will be sufficient to meet its short-term and long-term cash requirements. Significant contractual obligations include principal and interest payments on long-term debt (Note 9) and operating lease commitments (Note 16). We also have contractual purchase obligations of approximately $54 million for 2026.

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Newly Issued Accounting Guidance

See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for information on newly adopted accounting pronouncements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which aims to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on a variety of topics and align the requirements in the FASB accounting standard with the Securities and Exchange Commission regulations. This guidance is effective for the Company no later than June 30, 2027. We do not expect the amendments in this update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220) - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disaggregation of certain income statement expense captions into specified categories to be disclosed within the notes to the financial statements, but does not change the expense captions on the consolidated income statement. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, which clarified that ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this ASU can either be applied prospectively to consolidated financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09 Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements, which includes amendments to more closely align hedge accounting with the economics of an entity's risk management activities. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. We are evaluating the impact of the ASU to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11 Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the applicability of the interim reporting guidance, the types of interim reporting, and the form and content of interim financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The amendment does not intend to change the fundamental nature of interim reporting or expand or reduce current interim reporting disclosure requirements, but rather aims to provide clarity and improve navigability of the existing interim reporting requirements. The update will be effective for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Adoption of this ASU can either be applied prospectively or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are evaluating the impact of the ASU to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-12 Codification Improvements, which aims to update the FASB Accounting Standards Codification for a broad range of topics arising from technical corrections, unintended application or the Codification, clarifications, and other minor improvements. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

No other new accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective have had, or are expected to have, a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such

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differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the following policies may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and represent the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. If different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, the results could be materially different from our reported results.

Goodwill – Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired and is allocated to our reporting units at the time of the acquisition. We analyze goodwill on an annual basis and when an event occurs or circumstances change that may reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. We have the option of first analyzing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. However, we may elect to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test in lieu of the qualitative test. An entity must recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Subsequent reversal of goodwill impairment charges is not permitted.

When we perform a qualitative goodwill test, we analyze qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the qualitative test indicates there may be an impairment, we perform the quantitative test, which measures the amount of the goodwill impairment, if any. To perform the quantitative test, we calculate the fair value of each reporting unit, primarily utilizing the income approach and market approach. The income approach is based on discounted cash flow models that use reporting unit estimates for forecasted future financial performance, including revenues, margins, operating expenses, capital expenditures, depreciation, amortization, tax and discount rates. The market approach is based on assumptions related to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") multiples. These estimates are developed as part of our planning process based on assumed growth rates, along with historical data and various internal estimates. Projected future cash flows are then discounted to a present value employing a discount rate that properly accounts for the estimated risk-adjusted weighted-average cost of capital relevant to each reporting unit.

We perform our annual goodwill impairment analysis as of October 1 and when an event occurs or circumstances change that may reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

For the 2025 annual goodwill impairment test for the North America and Latin America reporting units, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. In performing this assessment, we considered relevant events and circumstances, including industry, market and macroeconomic conditions, as well as company-specific and reporting unit-specific factors. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of either reporting unit was less than its carrying amount. Accordingly, a quantitative goodwill impairment test was not required, and no impairment of goodwill was recognized for these reporting units during 2025.

For the Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) reporting units, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test in accordance with our accounting policy. The quantitative analysis utilized a combination of the income approach and market approach, which reflect management’s current assumptions and inputs, including forecasts of future revenue, profit margins, long-term grown rate, discount rate, and EBITDA multiples.

The estimated fair value of the EMEA reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount by approximately $36.8 million, or 7.9%, as of the impairment testing date. The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the EMEA reporting unit as of October 1, 2025 was $172.6 million. As the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying amount, no goodwill impairment was recognized. Although the EMEA reporting unit was not impaired, the reporting unit has a limited excess of fair value over carrying value and may be subject to future impairment if actual results do not meet projections or if assumptions used in the valuation, including discount rates or market conditions, deteriorate.

The estimated fair value of the APAC reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount by approximately $34.6 million, or 40.8%, as of the impairment testing date. The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the APAC reporting unit as of October 1, 2025 was $15.4 million. Accordingly, no goodwill impairment was recognized for this reporting unit during 2025.

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During 2024, a qualitative goodwill assessment was performed for the North America and Latin America reporting units while a quantitative assessment was performed for the EMEA and APAC reporting units. Our assessments indicated that there was no goodwill impairment in any of our reporting units as of our annual assessment date.

We had goodwill of $208.6 million and $185.6 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Income Taxes – We are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves estimating our actual current tax obligations based on expected income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities in the various jurisdictions. We also establish reserves for uncertain tax matters that are complex in nature and uncertain as to the ultimate outcome. Although we believe that our tax return positions are fully supportable, we consider our ability to ultimately prevail in defending these matters when establishing these reserves. We adjust our reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit. We believe that our current reserves are adequate. However, the ultimate outcome may differ from our estimates and assumptions and could impact the income tax expense reflected in our consolidated statements of income.

Tax law requires certain items to be included in our tax return at different times than the items are reflected in our results of operations. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax returns, and some differences will reverse over time, such as depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax returns in future years but have already been recorded as an expense in our consolidated statements of income. We assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income, and, based on management’s judgment, to the extent we believe that recovery is not more likely than not, we establish a valuation allowance against those deferred tax assets. The deferred tax asset valuation allowance could be materially different from actual results because of changes in the mix of future taxable income, the relationship between book and taxable income and our tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2025, a valuation allowance of $3.9 million was recorded against foreign and state tax credit carryforwards.

Cautionary Factors Relevant to Forward-Looking Information

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7, contains certain statements that are considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” or “continue” or similar words or the negative thereof. These statements do not relate to strictly historical or current facts and provide current expectations of forecasts of future events. Any such expectations or forecasts of future events are subject to a variety of factors. Particular risks and uncertainties presently facing us include:

•Geopolitical and economic uncertainty throughout the world.

•Changes in trade policy.

•Ability to comply with global laws and regulations.

•Changes in foreign currency translation rates.

•Ability to adapt to price sensitivity.

•Competition in our business.

•Fluctuations in the cost, quality or availability of raw materials and purchased components.

•Ability to adjust pricing to respond to cost pressures.

•Unforeseen product liability claims or product quality issues.

•Ability to attract, retain and develop key personnel and create effective succession planning strategies.

•Ability to effectively manage strategic plan or growth processes.

•Ability to implement our new ERP system.

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•Ability to successfully protect our information technology systems from cybersecurity risks.

•Occurrence of a significant business interruption.

•Ability to maintain the health and safety of our workforce.

•Ability to complete and integrate acquisitions.

•Ability to develop and commercialize new innovative products and services.

•Ability to execute our business transformation strategy.

We caution that forward-looking statements must be considered carefully and that actual results may differ in material ways due to risks and uncertainties both known and unknown. Information about factors that could materially affect our results can be found in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Form 10-K. Shareholders, potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors in evaluating forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Investors are advised to consult any further disclosures by us in our filings with the SEC and in other written statements on related subjects. It is not possible to anticipate or foresee all risk factors, and investors should not consider any list of such factors to be an exhaustive or complete list of all risks or uncertainties.

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ITEM 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Commodity Risk – We are subject to exposures resulting from potential cost increases related to our purchase of raw materials or other product components. We do not use derivative commodity instruments to manage our exposures to changes in commodity prices such as steel, oil, gas, lead and other commodities.

Various factors beyond our control affect the price of oil and gas, including, but not limited to, worldwide and domestic supplies of oil and gas, political instability or armed conflict in oil-producing regions, the price and level of foreign imports, the level of consumer demand, the price and availability of alternative fuels, domestic and foreign governmental regulation, weather-related factors and the overall economic environment. We purchase petroleum-related component parts for use in our manufacturing operations. In addition, our freight costs associated with shipping and receiving product and sales and service vehicle fuel costs are impacted by fluctuations in the cost of oil and gas.

We continue to focus on mitigating the risk of future raw material or other product component cost increases through supplier negotiations, ongoing optimization of our supply chain, the continuation of cost-reduction actions and product pricing. The success of these efforts will depend upon our ability to leverage our commodity spend in the current global economic environment. If the commodity prices increase significantly and we are not able to offset the increases with higher selling prices, our results may be unfavorably impacted in the future.

Interest Rate Risk – Our debt portfolio as of December 31, 2025, was comprised of debt predominately denominated in U.S. dollars. We are exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of borrowing activities with variable interest rates that impact interest incurred. The Company manages its floating rate debt exposure using interest rate swaps. Fixed rate swaps are used to reduce the Company's risk of the possibility of increased interest costs.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company's financial liabilities subject to changes in interest rates are $272.5 million of our revolving credit facility borrowings. The Company entered into an aggregate $120 million notional amount of interest rate swaps effective December 1, 2022 that exchange a variable rate of interest for a fixed rate of interest of 4.076% over the term of the agreements, which mature on December 1, 2026. On October 14, 2025, the Company extended its $120 million notional amount of fixed interest rate swaps to October 1, 2029 that exchange a variable rate of interest for a fixed rate of interest of 3.443%. Assuming a hypothetical 50 basis point increase in short-term interest rates, with all other variables remaining constant, interest expense, net would have increased by approximately $0.5 million in 2025.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk – Due to the global nature of our operations, we are subject to exposures resulting from foreign currency exchange fluctuations in the normal course of business. Our primary exchange rate exposures are with the Euro, Australian and Canadian dollars, British pound, Japanese yen, Chinese renminbi, Brazilian real and Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar. The direct financial impact of foreign currency exchange includes the effect of translating profits from local currencies to U.S. dollars, the impact of currency fluctuations on the transfer of goods between our operations in the United States and our international operations and transaction gains and losses. In addition to the direct financial impact, foreign currency exchange has an indirect financial impact on our results, including the effect on sales volume within local economies and the impact of pricing actions taken as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

In the normal course of business, we actively manage the exposure of our foreign currency exchange rate market risk by entering into various hedging instruments with counterparties that are highly rated financial institutions. We may use foreign exchange purchased options or forward contracts to hedge our foreign currency denominated forecasted revenues or forecasted sales to wholly owned foreign subsidiaries. Additionally, we hedge our net recognized foreign currency assets and liabilities with foreign exchange forward contracts. We hedge these exposures to reduce the risk that our net earnings and cash flows will be adversely affected by changes in foreign exchange rates. We do not enter into any of these instruments for speculative or trading purposes to generate revenue.

These contracts are carried at fair value and have maturities between one and 12 months. The gains and losses on these contracts generally approximate changes in the value of the related assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions.

We use foreign currency exchange rate derivatives to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates for anticipated intercompany cash transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries.

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On April 5, 2022, we entered into Euro to U.S. dollar foreign exchange cross-currency swaps associated with an intercompany loan from a wholly owned European subsidiary. We enter into these foreign exchange cross-currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with this intercompany loan, and accordingly, they are not speculative in nature. These cross-currency swaps are designated as fair value hedges. As of December 31, 2025, these cross-currency swaps included €75.0 million of total notional value. As of December 31, 2025, the aggregated scheduled interest payments over the course of the loan and related swaps amounted to €3.0 million. The swaps are scheduled to mature in April 2027. Based on the fair value hedges outstanding as of December 31, 2025, a 10% appreciation of the U.S. dollar compared to the Euro would result in a net gain of $8.8 million in the fair value of these contracts.

On April 5, 2022, we entered into Euro to U.S. dollar foreign exchange cross-currency swaps to hedge our exposure to adverse foreign currency exchange rate movements between Tennant Company and its Euro denominated subsidiaries. We enter into these fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap agreements to protect a designated monetary amount of the Company’s net investment in its Euro functional currency subsidiaries against the risk of changes in the Euro to U.S. dollar foreign exchange rate. These cross-currency swaps are designated as net investment hedges. As of December 31, 2025, the cross-currency swaps included €75.0 million of total notional values. These swaps are scheduled to mature in April 2027. Based on the net investment hedges outstanding as of December 31, 2025, a 10% appreciation of the U.S. dollar compared to the Euro would result in a net gain of $8.8 million in the fair value of these contracts.

For further information regarding our foreign currency derivatives and hedging programs, see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.

For details of the estimated effects of currency translation on the operations of our operating segments, see Part II, Item 7 – "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

Other Matters – Management regularly reviews our business operations with the objective of improving and maximizing our financial performance. As a result of this ongoing process to improve financial performance, we may incur additional restructuring charges in the future which, if taken, could be material to our financial results.

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ITEM 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Tennant Company

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tennant Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and equity, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2026, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Goodwill – EMEA Reporting Unit - Refer to Notes 2 and 8 of the consolidated financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s annual evaluation of goodwill for impairment involved the comparison of the EMEA reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. The Company determined the fair value using a combination of income and market approaches. The income approach utilized a discounted cash flow model, which required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future revenue, profit margins, long-term growth rate, and discount rate. The market approach required management to make significant assumptions related to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) multiples. As of December

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31, 2025, the goodwill balance for the EMEA reporting unit was $173 million. The fair value of the EMEA reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, and therefore, no impairment was recognized.

Given the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of the EMEA reporting unit and the differences between its fair value and carrying value, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions regarding forecasts of future revenue, profit margins, long-term growth rate, discount rate, and EBITDA multiples required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve fair value specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of future revenue, profit margins, long-term growth rate, discount rate, and EBITDA multiples for the EMEA reporting unit included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over goodwill, including those over the underlying assumptions to forecast future revenue, long-term growth rate, profit margins, the selection of the discount rate, and the selection of the EBITDA multiples.

•We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future revenues and profit margins by comparing actual results to management’s historical forecasts.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasted revenue and profit margins by comparing the forecasts to (1) historical results, (2) internal communications between management and the Board of Directors, and (3) information included in Company press releases as well as in analyst and industry reports of the Company and companies in its peer group.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the valuation methodologies, the long-term growth rate and discount rate, including testing the underlying source information and the mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the long-term growth rate and discount rate selected by management.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the EBITDA multiples used in estimating fair value, including testing the underlying source information and mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and comparing the multiples selected by management to its guideline companies.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota

February 24, 2026

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2019.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Tennant Company

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Tennant Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, of the Company and our report dated February 24, 2026, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Minneapolis, Minnesota

February 24, 2026

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Consolidated Statements of Income

TENNANT COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In millions, except shares and per share data)


Years ended December 31	2025		2024		2023
Net sales	$	1,203.5	$	1,286.7	$	1,243.6
Cost of sales	719.2		736.7		715.8
Gross profit	484.3		550.0		527.8
Selling and administrative expense	374.8		391.9		352.6
Research and development expense	41.2		43.8		36.6
Operating income	68.3		114.3		138.6
Interest expense, net	(9.0)		(9.1)		(13.5)
Net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain	(1.7)		0.1		0.3
Other income (expense), net	0.3		(0.5)		(1.6)
Income before income taxes	57.9		104.8		123.8
Income tax expense	14.1		21.1		14.3
Net income	$	43.8	$	83.7	$	109.5

Net income per share
Basic	$	2.38	$	4.46	$	5.92
Diluted	$	2.36	$	4.38	$	5.83

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	18,366,216		18,786,871		18,509,523
Diluted	18,579,707		19,096,138		18,783,633

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

TENNANT COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In millions)


Years ended December 31	2025		2024		2023
Net income	$	43.8	$	83.7	$	109.5
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments (net of related tax benefit (expense) of $1.8, $(0.2), and $0.8, respectively)	41.3		(29.6)		8.3
Pension and postretirement medical benefits (net of related tax benefit (expense) of $0.5, $0.3, and $(0.3), respectively)	(1.7)		(0.9)		1.0
Derivative financial instruments (net of tax (expense) benefit of $(0.1), $0.0, and $0.4, respectively)	0.4		(0.1)		(1.4)
Unrealized (loss) gain on debt securities (net of tax benefit of $0.1, $0.1, and $0.0, respectively)	(0.5)		0.2		—
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	39.5		(30.4)		7.9

Total comprehensive income including noncontrolling interest	83.3		53.3		117.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.5		—		—
Comprehensive income attributable to Tennant Company	$	82.8	$	53.3	$	117.4

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Consolidated Balance Sheets

TENNANT COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In millions, except shares and per share data)


December 31	2025		2024
ASSETS
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	106.4	$	99.8
Receivables, less allowances of $10.4 and $7.1, respectively	256.8		259.1
Inventories	198.5		183.8
Prepaid and other current assets	38.0		33.9
Total current assets	599.7		576.6
Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation of $289.0 and $310.9, respectively	189.8		184.4
Operating lease assets	56.9		54.6
Goodwill	208.6		185.6
Intangible assets, net	52.6		58.7
Other assets	161.3		130.2
Total assets	$	1,268.9	$	1,190.1
LIABILITIES AND TOTAL EQUITY
Current portion of long-term debt	$	0.4	$	1.3
Accounts payable	127.5		126.9
Employee compensation and benefits	40.9		53.1
Other current liabilities	124.3		110.9
Total current liabilities	293.1		292.2
Long-term debt	273.2		198.2
Long-term operating lease liabilities	35.5		36.3
Employee-related benefits	15.7		13.5
Deferred income taxes	3.3		4.9
Other liabilities	44.7		22.9
Total long-term liabilities	372.4		275.8
Total liabilities	665.5		568.0
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Common stock, $0.375 par value per share, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 17,846,681 and 18,849,456 issued and outstanding, respectively	6.7		7.1
Additional paid-in capital	—		76.7
Retained earnings	628.1		609.7
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(33.2)		(72.7)
Total Tennant Company shareholders' equity	601.6		620.8
Noncontrolling interest	1.8		1.3
Total equity	603.4		622.1
Total liabilities and total equity	$	1,268.9	$	1,190.1

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

TENNANT COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In millions)


December 31	2025		2024		2023
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	43.8	$	83.7	$	109.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation expense	45.0		40.1		36.4
Amortization expense	13.7		15.0		14.7
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	4.2		(9.8)		(26.9)
Share-based compensation expense	10.4		11.9		11.6
Bad debt and returns expense	7.1		3.4		3.4
Other, net	1.3		0.6		1.3
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	4.1		(15.0)		4.1
Inventories	(21.7)		(33.0)		14.3
Accounts payable	(1.9)		15.4		(15.3)
Employee compensation and benefits	(13.8)		(5.2)		22.3
Other assets and liabilities	(27.2)		(17.4)		13.0
Net cash provided by operating activities	65.0		89.7		188.4
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(21.7)		(20.9)		(22.8)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment	1.5		—		—
Purchase of investment	—		(32.1)		—
Payments made in connection with business acquisition, net of cash acquired	(3.2)		(25.7)		—
Investment in leased assets	(0.4)		(0.5)		(1.2)
Cash received from leased assets	1.1		0.8		0.8
Net cash used in investing activities	(22.7)		(78.4)		(23.2)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from borrowings	85.0		40.9		20.0
Repayments of borrowings	(10.8)		(42.5)		(120.0)
Payment of debt financing costs	—		(2.2)		—
Change in finance lease obligations	—		—		0.2
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net of employee tax withholdings obligations of $3.1, $3.8 and $1.7, respectively	(2.5)		19.6		19.0
Dividends paid	(21.9)		(21.4)		(20.1)
Repurchases of common stock	(88.5)		(19.6)		(21.7)
Net cash used in financing activities	(38.7)		(25.2)		(122.6)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	3.0		(3.4)		(2.9)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	6.6		(17.3)		39.7
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	99.8		117.1		77.4
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year	$	106.4	$	99.8	$	117.1


SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Years ended December 31	2025		2024		2023
Cash paid for income taxes	$	13.4	$	30.2	$	39.5
Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest	$	12.3	$	13.6	$	17.1
Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	$	3.5	$	6.4	$	3.5

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Equity

TENNANT COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


(In millions, except shares and per share data)	Common Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Tennant Company Shareholders' Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Equity
Balance, December 31, 2022	18,521,485	$	7.0	$	56.0	$	458.0	$	(50.2)	$	470.8	$	1.3	$	472.1
Net income	—	—		—		109.5		—		109.5		—		109.5
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		7.9		7.9		—		7.9
Issue stock for directors, employee benefit and stock plans, net of related tax withholdings of 23,622 shares	400,819	—		19.0		—		—		19.0		—		19.0
Share-based compensation	—	—		11.6		—		—		11.6		—		11.6
Dividends paid $1.075 per common share	—	—		—		(20.1)		—		(20.1)		—		(20.1)
Repurchases of common stock	(290,920)	—		(21.7)		—		—		(21.7)		—		(21.7)
Balance, December 31, 2023	18,631,384	$	7.0	$	64.9	$	547.4	$	(42.3)	$	577.0	$	1.3	$	578.3
Net income	—	—		—		83.7		—		83.7		—		83.7
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		(30.4)		(30.4)		—		(30.4)
Issue stock for directors, employee benefit and stock plans, net of related tax withholdings of 34,511 shares	416,424	0.1		19.5		—		—		19.6		—		19.6
Share-based compensation	—	—		11.9		—		—		11.9		—		11.9
Dividends paid $1.135 per common share	—	—		—		(21.4)		—		(21.4)		—		(21.4)
Repurchases of common stock	(198,352)	—		(19.6)		—		—		(19.6)		—		(19.6)
Balance, December 31, 2024	18,849,456	$	7.1	$	76.7	$	609.7	$	(72.7)	$	620.8	$	1.3	$	622.1
Net income	—	—		—		43.8		—		43.8		—		43.8
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		39.5		39.5		—		39.5
Issue stock for directors, employee benefit and stock plans, net of related tax withholdings of 35,950 shares	106,223	—		(2.5)		—		—		(2.5)		—		(2.5)
Share-based compensation	—	—		10.4		—		—		10.4		—		10.4
Dividends paid $1.195 per common share	—	—		—		(21.9)		—		(21.9)		—		(21.9)
Repurchases of common stock, including excise tax	(1,108,998)	(0.4)		(88.1)		—		—		(88.5)		—		(88.5)
Other	—	—		3.5		(3.5)		—		—		0.5		0.5
Balance, December 31, 2025	17,846,681	$	6.7	$	—	$	628.1	$	(33.2)	$	601.6	$	1.8	$	603.4

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

1. Nature of Business

Tennant Company ("the Company", "we", "us", or "our") is a world leader in designing, manufacturing and marketing solutions that empower customers to achieve quality cleaning performance, reduce environmental impact and help create a cleaner, safer, healthier world. The Company is committed to creating and commercializing breakthrough, sustainable cleaning innovations to enhance its broad suite of products, including floor maintenance and cleaning equipment, detergent-free and other sustainable cleaning technologies, aftermarket parts and consumables, equipment maintenance and repair service, and asset management solutions.

Our products are used in many types of environments, including retail establishments, distribution centers, factories and warehouses, public venues such as arenas and stadiums, office buildings, schools and universities, hospitals and clinics, and more.

Customers include contract cleaners to whom organizations outsource facilities maintenance as well as businesses that perform facilities maintenance themselves. The Company reaches these customers through the industry's largest direct sales and service organization and through a strong and well-supported network of authorized distributors worldwide.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Statement Presentation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries in which we have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications to our previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in determining, among other items, sales promotions and incentives accruals, inventory valuation, warranty reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, pension and postretirement accruals, useful lives for intangible assets, valuing investments, and future cash flows associated with impairment testing for goodwill and other long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from our estimates.

Translation of Non-U.S. Currency – Foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities have been translated to U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, while income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Gains or losses resulting from translation are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"). The majority of translation adjustments are not adjusted for income taxes as substantially all translation adjustments relate to permanent investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Net foreign currency transaction losses are included in income before income taxes on the consolidated statements of income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash – We have a total of $0.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 that serves as collateral backing certain bank guarantees and is therefore restricted. This money is invested in time deposits. Restricted cash is recorded in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets.

Receivables – Credit is granted to our customers in the normal course of business. Receivables are recorded at original carrying value less reserves for estimated uncollectible accounts and sales returns. To assess the collectability of these receivables, we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. Through these evaluations, we may become aware of a situation where a customer may not be able to meet its financial obligations due to deterioration of its financial viability, credit ratings or bankruptcy. The reserve requirements are based on the best facts available to us and are reevaluated and adjusted as additional information becomes available.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Our reserves are also based on amounts determined by using percentages applied to trade receivables, using a loss rate method. We considered the following in determining the expected loss rate: (1) historical loss rate, (2) macroeconomic factors, and (3) creditworthiness of customers. The historical loss rate is calculated by taking the yearly write-off expense, net of collections, as a percentage of the annual average balance of trade receivables for each of the past three years. An account is considered past-due or delinquent when it has not been paid within the contractual terms. Uncollectible accounts are written off against the reserves when it is deemed that a customer account is uncollectible.

Inventories – Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis except for inventories in North America, which are determined on a last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) basis.

Cloud Computing Arrangements – We periodically enter into cloud computing arrangements to access and use third-party software in support of our operations. These arrangements primarily relate to the implementation and ongoing use of a new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system. We assess our cloud computing arrangements to determine whether the contract is a service contract or conveys a software license. For cloud computing arrangements that are accounted for as service contracts, we capitalize implementation costs incurred during the application development stage.

Once the asset is ready for its intended use, the capitalized implementation costs are amortized as expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the service contract, which typically range from 10 to 15 years depending on the nature of the underlying asset.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had capitalized implementation costs, net of amortization, of $53.4 million and $23.3 million, respectively, included in other assets within the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense for the implementation costs was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, and is included in selling and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of income. There was no amortization expense for implementation costs recorded in 2024 and 2023.

Capitalized Interest – The interest cost on capital projects is capitalized and included in the cost of the project. Capitalization commences with the first expenditure for the project and continues until the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Total interest expense incurred was $12.6 million, $13.6 million and $17.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, of which $2.3 million and $1.0 million was capitalized as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment – Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of the assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. We generally depreciate buildings and improvements by the straight-line method over a life of 30 years. Other property, plant and equipment are generally depreciated using the straight-line method based on lives of 3 years to 15 years.

Leases – We assess whether an arrangement is a lease at inception.

Operating leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are expensed as incurred as short-term lease cost. We have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all asset classes. Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are calculated based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date. When future lease payments are based on an index or rate, operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are calculated using the prevailing index or rate at the lease commencement date. As the implicit rate is not readily determinable, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease start date in determining the present value of future payments. Information used in determining the incremental borrowing rates for the Company's leases includes: (1) the market yield on the Company's traded bond, adjusted for the presence of collateral and the difference in terms of the bond and the leases, (2) consideration of the currency in which each lease was denominated, and (3) the lease term. The operating lease asset is increased by any lease payments made at or before the lease start date, increased by initial direct costs incurred, and reduced by lease incentives. The lease term includes options to renew or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The useful life of lease assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased asset. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain leases contain variable lease payments for items such as index-based changes in rent, fuel and common area maintenance, which we expense as incurred as variable lease cost.

Finance leases are not material to our consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill – Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired and is allocated to our reporting units at the time of the acquisition. We analyze goodwill on an annual basis as of October 1 and when an event occurs, or circumstances change that may reduce the fair value of one of our reporting units below its carrying amount. We have the option of first analyzing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. However, we may elect to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test even if no indications of a potential impairment exist.

Intangible Assets – Intangible assets consist of long-lived customer lists, trade names and technology. Generally, intangible assets classified as trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis and intangible assets classified as customer lists or technology are amortized using an accelerated method of amortization.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Assets Held for Sale – We periodically review our intangible and long-lived assets for impairment and assess whether events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. We generally deem an asset group to be impaired if an estimate of undiscounted future operating cash flows are less than its carrying amount. If impaired, an impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the individual asset group over its fair value.

Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Upon retirement or disposition, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and a gain or loss is recognized based on the difference between the fair value of proceeds received and carrying value of the assets held for sale.

Purchase of Common Stock – We repurchase our common stock under both the 2025 and 2016 repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. These programs allow us to repurchase up to an aggregate of 3,000,000 shares of our common stock, and 1,514,063 shares remain authorized under the 2025 program. Upon repurchase, the par value is charged to common stock and the remaining purchase price is charged to additional paid-in capital. If the amount of the remaining purchase price causes the additional paid-in capital account to be in a negative position, this amount is then reclassified to retained earnings. Common stock repurchased is included in shares authorized but is not included in shares outstanding.

Warranty – We record a liability for estimated warranty claims at the time of sale. The amount of the liability is based on the trend in the historical ratio of claims to sales, the historical length of time between the sale and resulting warranty claim, new product introductions and other factors. In the event we determine that our current or future product repair and replacement costs exceed our estimates, an adjustment to these reserves would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Warranty terms on machines range from one to four years. Warranty costs are recorded as a component of selling and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Pension and Profit Sharing Plans – Substantially all U.S. employees are covered by various retirement benefit plans, including postretirement medical plans and defined contribution savings plans. Retirement benefits for eligible employees in foreign locations are funded principally through defined benefit plans, annuity or government programs.

Postretirement Benefits – We accrue and recognize the cost of retiree health benefits over the employees’ period of service based on actuarial estimates. Benefits are only available for U.S. employees hired before January 1, 1999.

Derivative Financial Instruments – We use cross-currency swaps, interest rate swaps and foreign exchange forward and option contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate and interest rate volatility. We account for our hedging instruments as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and measure them at fair value. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative and whether it is designated and qualifies for hedge accounting. Gains and losses for all instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recorded each period to net foreign currency transaction loss in our consolidated statements of income. Changes in the fair value of designated hedges are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheet until a related transaction occurs. If the underlying hedged transaction ceases to exist, all changes in fair value of the related derivatives that have not been settled are recorded in our consolidated statements of income.

Revenue Recognition – Revenue is recognized when control transfers under the terms of the contract with our customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales and other taxes we collect concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. We do not account for shipping and handling as a distinct performance obligation as we generally perform shipping and handling activities after we transfer control of goods to the customer. We have elected to account for shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control of goods has transferred to a customer as a fulfillment cost. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are not recognized as a separate performance obligation. We do not have any significantly extended payment terms as payment is generally received within one year of the point of sale.

In general, we transfer control and recognize a sale at the point in time when products are shipped from our manufacturing facilities both direct to consumers and to distributors. Service revenue is recognized in the period the service is performed or ratably over the period of the related service contract. Consideration related to service contracts is deferred if the proceeds are received in advance of the satisfaction of the performance obligations and recognized over the contract period as the performance obligation is met. We use an output method to measure progress toward completion for certain prepaid service contracts, as this method appropriately depicts performance toward satisfaction of the performance obligations.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations (i.e., a product and service component), we allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in proportion to their stand-alone selling prices. We use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations. When allocating on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, any discounts contained within the contract are allocated proportionately to all of the performance obligations in the contract.

We generally expense the incremental costs of obtaining a contract when incurred because the amortization period would be less than one year. These costs relate primarily to sales commissions and are recorded in selling and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. In addition, we do not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if we expect, at contract inception, that the period between when we transfer a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less.

Share-Based Compensation – We account for share-based compensation awards on a fair value basis. The estimated grant date fair value of each option award is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). The estimated fair value of each option award is

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. From time to time, we have elected to modify the terms of the original grant. These modified grants are accounted for as a new award and measured using the fair value method, resulting in the inclusion of additional compensation expense in our consolidated statements of income.

Restricted share awards and units are recorded as compensation cost over the requisite service periods based on the market value on the date of grant. To determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period for these awards and for option awards, we account for forfeitures as they occur.

Performance share awards ("PSUs") are stock awards where the ultimate number of shares issued will be contingent on the Company’s performance against certain performance goals. The Compensation Committee can adjust performance goals or modify the manner of measuring or evaluating a performance goal using its discretion. The fair value of each PSU is based on the market value on the date of grant. We recognize expense related to the estimated vesting of our PSUs granted. The estimated vesting of the PSUs is based on the probability of achieving certain performance metrics over the specified performance period. To determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period, we estimate forfeitures.

Research and Development – Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Advertising Costs – We advertise products, technologies and solutions to customers and prospective customers through a variety of marketing campaign and promotional efforts. These efforts include tradeshows, online advertising, e-mail marketing, mailings, sponsorships and telemarketing. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. In 2025, 2024 and 2023, such activities amounted to $6.0 million, $5.7 million and $4.6 million, respectively.

Income Taxes – Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is provided when, in management’s judgment, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We have established uncertain tax position accruals using management’s best judgment. We adjust these accruals as facts and circumstances change. Interest expense is recognized in the first period the interest would begin accruing. Penalties are recognized in the period we claim or expect to claim the position in our tax return. Interest and penalty expenses are classified as an income tax expense.

Earnings Per Share – Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to Tennant Company by the weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share assumes conversion of potentially dilutive stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units. These are not included in our computation of diluted earnings per share if we have a net loss attributable to the Company in a reporting period or if the instrument's effects are anti-dilutive.

Investments, Available-for-Sale – As described in Note 12, debt securities classified as available-for-sale securities are carried at fair market value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in the determination of comprehensive income (loss) and reported in shareholders' equity. These investments are subject to periodic impairment review.

Investments, Measurement Alternative – Our investments, as described in Note 12 which are valued under the measurement alternative include equity securities for which the Company does not have significant influence and fair value is not readily determinable. Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2016-01 requires equity securities to be recorded at cost and adjusted to fair value at each reporting period. However, the guidance allows for a measurement alternative, which is to record investments at cost, less impairment, if any, and subsequently adjust for observable price changes of identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

Due to the lack of readily determinable fair values for such investments, for which the Company does not have significant influence, the Company accounts for these investments under the measurement alternative at cost, less impairment.

The Company performs qualitative impairment assessments on its investments recorded under the measurement alternative.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Investments, Equity Method – As described in Note 13, the Company uses the equity method of accounting for equity investments if the investment provides the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over operating and financial policies of the investee. Judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes considering key factors such as the Company’s ownership interest, legal form of the investee (e.g. limited liability partnership), representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intra-entity transactions.

Under the equity method of accounting, investments are stated at initial cost and are adjusted for subsequent additional investments and the proportionate share of earnings or losses and dividends, including consideration of basis differences resulting from the difference between the initial carrying amount of the investment and the underlying equity in net assets, as applicable.

The Company evaluates equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. Factors considered by the Company when reviewing an equity method investment for impairment include the length of time (duration) and the extent (severity) to which the fair value of the equity method investment has been less than cost, the investee’s financial condition and near-term prospects, and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery. An impairment that is other-than-temporary is recognized in the period identified.

Newly Adopted Accounting Policies

Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The amendments in this ASU are required to be adopted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We have adopted the new standard on a prospective basis effective December 31, 2025. While the adoption has no impact on our consolidated financial statements, it has resulted in incremental disclosures within the footnotes of our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 18, Income Taxes for the inclusion of the new required disclosures.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

3. Revenue

Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products and services. Generally, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped.

We also enter into contracts that can include combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables illustrate the disaggregation of revenue by geographic area, groups of similar products and services and sales channels for the years ended December 31:

Net sales by geographic area


	2025		2024		2023
Americas	$	792.0	$	888.5	$	840.3
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)	334.6		318.5		314.4
Asia Pacific (APAC)	76.9		79.7		88.9
Total	$	1,203.5	$	1,286.7	$	1,243.6

Net sales are attributed to each geographic area based on the end user country and are net of intercompany sales.

Net sales by groups of similar products and services


	2025		2024		2023
Equipment	$	714.7	$	808.7	$	776.4
Parts and consumables	275.6		274.3		279.5
Service and other	213.2		203.7		187.7
Total	$	1,203.5	$	1,286.7	$	1,243.6

Net sales by sales channel


	2025		2024		2023
Sales direct to consumer	$	831.5	$	905.7	$	854.4
Sales to distributors	372.0		381.0		389.2
Total	$	1,203.5	$	1,286.7	$	1,243.6

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Contract Liabilities

Sales Returns

The right of return may exist explicitly or implicitly with our customers. When the right of return exists, we adjust the transaction price for the estimated effect of returns. We estimate the expected returns using the expected value method by assessing historical sales levels and the timing and magnitude of historical sales return levels as a percent of sales and projecting this experience into the future.

Sales Incentives

Our sales contracts may contain various customer incentives, such as volume-based rebates or other promotions. We reduce the transaction price for certain customer programs and incentive offerings that represent variable consideration. Sales incentives given to our customers are recorded using the most likely amount approach for estimating the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled. We forecast the most likely amount of the incentive to be paid at the time of sale, update this forecast quarterly, and adjust the transaction price accordingly to reflect the new amount of incentives expected to be earned by the customer. The majority of our customer incentives are settled within one year. We record our accruals for volume-based rebates and other promotions in other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

The change in our sales incentive accrual balance for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:


	2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	16.1	$	21.2
Additions to sales incentive accrual	20.3		22.4
Contract payments	(22.4)		(27.2)
Foreign currency fluctuations	0.8		(0.3)
Ending balance	$	14.8	$	16.1

Deferred Revenue

We provide separately priced prepaid contracts to our customers, collecting payment at the start of the agreement. Revenue recognition is deferred until we meet our future performance obligations. Our deferred revenue balance includes autonomous subscription sales and prepaid maintenance contracts on our machines ranging from 12 months to 60 months. In circumstances where prepaid contracts are sold simultaneously with machines, we use an observable price to determine stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations.

The change in the deferred revenue balance for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:


	2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	20.6	$	10.3
Increase in deferred revenue representing our obligation to satisfy future performance obligations	31.9		31.7
Decrease in deferred revenue for amounts recognized in net sales for satisfied performance obligations	(20.8)		(20.8)
Foreign currency fluctuations	0.7		(0.6)
Ending balance	$	32.4	$	20.6

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

As of December 31, 2025, $16.6 million and $15.8 million of deferred revenue was reported in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. Of this, we expect to recognize the following approximate amounts in net sales in the following periods:


2026	$	16.7
2027	7.0
2028	4.6
2029	3.1
2030	1.0
Thereafter	—
Total	$	32.4

As of December 31, 2024, $9.8 million and $10.8 million of deferred revenue was reported in other current liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

4. Management Actions

Restructuring Actions

In 2025 and 2024, we incurred restructuring expenses as part of our global reorganization efforts. The following pre-tax restructuring charges were included in the consolidated statements of income:


	2025		2024
Severance-related costs - Selling and administrative expense	$	6.4	$	8.2
Total pre-tax restructuring costs	$	6.4	$	8.2

Our restructuring actions represent the execution of a multi-year enterprise strategy to drive increased productivity throughout our operations. The charges in 2025 and 2024 impacted all operating segments and were related to a global workforce realignment to support our key strategic initiatives.

A reconciliation to the ending liability balance of severance and related costs as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:


	2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	8.6	$	2.4
New charges	8.8		8.8
Cash payments	(8.7)		(2.3)
Foreign currency adjustments	1.1		0.3
Adjustment to accrual	(2.4)		(0.6)
Ending balance	$	7.4	$	8.6

5. Acquisitions

R4Y

On September 1, 2025, we acquired 100% of Reinigungstechnik 4 You GmbH ("R4Y"), as we continue to expand our footprint in the EMEA region. The total purchase price was $3.6 million. The financial results for R4Y

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have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The acquisition was not material to our consolidated financial statements.

TCS

On February 29, 2024, we acquired 100% of M&F Management and Financing GmbH ("M&F"), the parent company of TCS EMEA GmbH ("TCS"), as we seek to accelerate growth in the EMEA region. The total purchase price of the acquisition was $34.9 million.

Based in Austria, TCS was Tennant Company's largest Central and Eastern Europe distributor. The acquisition gives Tennant a knowledgeable and experienced sales force and an established direct channel into countries including Romania, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia, along with an expanded network in Austria, Switzerland, Poland, and other nations in the region, as well as the Middle East and Africa. The proforma impact of this acquisition is immaterial to our operations.


Components of purchase price:
Cash paid	$	31.0
Settlement of preexisting transactions	3.9
Total purchase price	34.9

ASSETS
Cash	5.4
Other current assets	8.9
Intangible assets subject to amortization
Customer lists	13.2
Backlog	0.6
Other assets	5.7
Total identifiable assets acquired	33.8
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities	(1.6)
Long-term liabilities	(6.7)
Total identifiable liabilities assumed	(8.3)
Net assets acquired	25.5

Goodwill	$	9.4

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6. Inventories

Inventories as of December 31 consisted of the following:


	2025		2024
Inventories carried at LIFO:
Finished goods(a)	$	85.0	$	85.4
Raw materials and work-in-process	35.5		38.4
Excess of FIFO over LIFO cost(b)	(54.9)		(50.4)
Total LIFO inventories	$	65.6	$	73.4

Inventories carried at FIFO:
Finished goods(a)	$	64.3	$	53.2
Raw materials and work-in-process	68.6		57.2
Total FIFO inventories	$	132.9	$	110.4
Total inventories	$	198.5	$	183.8

(a)Finished goods include machines, parts and consumables and component parts that are used in our products.

(b)The difference between replacement cost and the stated LIFO inventory value is not materially different from the reserve for the LIFO valuation method.

7. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment and related accumulated depreciation, including equipment under finance leases, as of December 31, consisted of the following:


	2025		2024
Property, plant and equipment:
Land	$	27.9	$	24.1
Buildings and improvements	144.0		134.1
Machinery and manufacturing equipment	243.5		210.4
Office equipment	59.1		122.2
Construction in progress	4.3		4.5
Total property, plant and equipment	478.8		495.3
Less: accumulated depreciation	(289.0)		(310.9)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	189.8	$	184.4

Depreciation expense was $45.0 million, $40.1 million and $36.4 million in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

For purposes of performing our goodwill impairment analysis, we have identified our reporting units as North America, Latin America, EMEA and APAC.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:


	Goodwill		Accumulated Impairment Losses		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2025	$	243.9	$	(35.3)	$	208.6
Additions	1.4		—		1.4
Foreign currency fluctuations	24.4		(2.8)		21.6
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	218.1	$	(32.5)	$	185.6
Additions	9.4		—		9.4
Foreign currency fluctuations	(12.0)		0.8		(11.2)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	220.7	$	(33.3)	$	187.4

There has been no impairment of goodwill for any of the years presented.

The additions recorded to goodwill during 2025 and 2024 were related to the acquisitions of R4Y and TCS, respectively, as described further in Note 5.

The balances of acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, were as follows:


	Customer Lists		Trade Names		Technology		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2025
Original cost	$	174.9	$	31.1	$	16.7	$	222.7
Accumulated amortization	(128.1)		(26.6)		(15.4)		(170.1)
Carrying amount	$	46.8	$	4.5	$	1.3	$	52.6
Weighted-average original life (in years)	14		10		12

Balance as of December 31, 2024
Original cost	$	154.6	$	27.6	$	15.2	$	197.4
Accumulated amortization	(104.9)		(20.8)		(13.0)		(138.7)
Carrying amount	$	49.7	$	6.8	$	2.2	$	58.7
Weighted-average original life (in years)	15		11		11

As part of our acquisition of R4Y in 2025, we acquired customer lists with a fair value of $1.2 million. As part of our acquisition of TCS in 2024, we acquired customer lists and backlog with a combined fair value of $13.8 million.

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $13.7 million, $15.0 million and $14.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Estimated aggregate amortization expense based on the current carrying amount of amortizable intangible assets for each of the five succeeding years is as follows:


2026	$	12.9
2027	9.3
2028	7.5
2029	6.7
2030	6.2
Thereafter	10.0
Total	$	52.6

9. Debt

On August 7, 2024, we and certain of our foreign subsidiaries entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "2024 Credit Agreement") with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent. The 2024 Credit Agreement provides us and certain of our foreign subsidiaries access to a senior secured credit facility until August 7, 2029, consisting of a revolving facility in an amount up to $650.0 million, with an option to expand the revolving facility or obtain incremental term loans by up to $325.0 million, with the consent of the lenders willing to provide additional borrowings in the form of increases to their revolving facility commitment or funding of incremental term loans. Borrowings may be denominated in U.S. dollars or certain other currencies.

The fee for undrawn committed funds under the revolving facility of the 2024 Credit Agreement ranges from an annual rate of 0.15% to 0.30%, depending on our leverage ratio. Borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars under the 2024 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (a) the greatest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the NYFRB Rate (as defined in the 2024 Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (iii) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the 2024 Credit Agreement) for a one month period plus 1%; but in any case not less than 1%, plus an additional spread of 0.25% to 1%, depending on our leverage ratio, (b) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus an additional spread of 1.25% to 2%, depending on our leverage ratio, or (c) the Adjusted Daily Simple RFR (as defined in the 2024 Credit Agreement) plus an additional spread of 1.25% to 2%, depending on our leverage ratio.

In connection with the 2024 Credit Agreement, we reaffirmed our security interest in favor of the lenders in substantially all our personal property and pledged the stock of certain of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries. The obligations under the 2024 Credit Agreement are also guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and those subsidiaries also provided a security interest in their similar personal property.

The 2024 Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including but not limited to covenants restricting our ability to incur indebtedness and liens and merge or consolidate with another entity. Further, the 2024 Credit Agreement contains the following covenants:

•a covenant requiring us to maintain an indebtedness to EBITDA ratio, determined as of the end of each fiscal quarter, of no greater than 3.75 to 1.00, with certain alternative requirements for permitted acquisitions of at least $50.0 million;

•a covenant requiring us to maintain an EBITDA to interest expense ratio for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters as of the end of each quarter of no less than 3.00 to 1; and

•a covenant restricting us from paying dividends or repurchasing stock if, after giving effect to such payments and assuming no default exists or would result from such payment, our leverage ratio is greater than 2.50 to 1, in such case limiting such payments to the greater of 10% of consolidated total assets or $100.0 million during any fiscal year.

We were in compliance with the financial covenants as of December 31, 2025.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Debt outstanding as of December 31 consisted of the following:


	2025		2024
Credit facility borrowings:
Revolving credit facility borrowings	$	272.5	$	197.5
Finance lease liabilities	1.1		1.2
Bank overdrafts	—		0.8
Total debt	273.6		199.5
Less: current portion of long-term debt(a)	(0.4)		(1.3)
Long-term debt	$	273.2	$	198.2


(a)			As of December 31, 2025, the Company is required to repay $0.4 million of finance lease liabilities over the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2025, we had outstanding borrowings of $272.5 million under our revolving credit facility. We had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding in the amount of $3.2 million, leaving approximately $374.3 million of unused borrowing capacity on our revolving facility. Commitment fees on unused lines of credit for the year ended December 31, 2025 were $0.6 million. The overall weighted average cost of debt is approximately 5.8% and net of a related cross-currency swap and interest rate swap instruments is approximately 4.4%. Further details regarding the cross-currency swap instrument are discussed in Note 11.

The aggregate maturities of our outstanding debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, as of December 31, 2025, are as follows:


2026	$	0.4
2027	0.4
2028	0.2
2029	272.6
2030	—
Thereafter	—
Total aggregate maturities	$	273.6

10. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities as of December 31 consisted of the following:


	2025		2024
Other current liabilities:
Taxes	$	18.5	$	20.5
Warranty reserve	6.5		6.9
Deferred revenue	16.6		9.8
Customer sales incentives	14.8		16.1
Freight	3.6		4.0
Restructuring	7.4		8.5
Operating leases	21.7		18.5
Miscellaneous accrued expenses	35.2		26.6
Total other current liabilities	$	124.3	$	110.9

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11. Derivatives

Hedge Accounting and Hedging Programs

We recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and measure them at fair value. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative and whether it is designated and qualifies for hedge accounting.

To receive hedge accounting treatment, all hedging relationships are formally documented at the inception of the hedge. We evaluate hedge effectiveness on our hedges that are designated and qualify for hedge accounting at the inception of the hedge prospectively, as well as retrospectively, and record any ineffective portion of the hedging instruments in net foreign currency transaction loss on our consolidated statements of income. The time value of purchased contracts is recorded in net foreign currency transaction loss in our consolidated statements of income. If we do not elect hedge accounting, or the contract does not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the changes in fair value from period to period are recorded in net foreign currency transaction losses in our consolidated statements of income.

Our hedging policy establishes maximum limits for each counterparty to mitigate any concentration of risk.

Balance Sheet Hedges

We hedge our net recognized foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities with foreign exchange forward contracts to reduce the risk that the value of these assets and liabilities will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates. These contracts hedge assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies and are carried at fair value as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets with changes in the fair value recorded to net foreign currency transaction gain in our consolidated statements of income. These contracts do not subject us to material balance sheet risk due to exchange rate movements because gains and losses on these derivatives are intended to offset gains and losses on the assets and liabilities being hedged. At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the notional amounts of foreign currency forward exchange contracts outstanding not designated as hedging instruments were $92.9 million and $70.2 million, respectively.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company manages its floating rate debt exposure using interest rate swaps. Fixed rate swaps are used to reduce the Company's risk of the possibility of increased interest costs. The Company entered into an aggregate $120.0 million notional amount of interest rate swaps effective December 1, 2022, that exchange a variable rate of interest for a fixed rate of interest of 4.076%. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges. These swaps were scheduled to mature on December 1, 2026 (the "December 2022 Swaps").

On October 14, 2025, we amended and restructured our interest rate swap contracts using a strategy referred to as a "blend and extend." In a blend and extend arrangement, the liability or asset position of the existing interest rate swap arrangement is blended into the amended or new interest rate swap arrangement and the term to maturity of the hedged position is extended. The amendment modified (i) the fixed rate payable by the counterparty from 4.076% to a new fixed rate of 3.443% and (ii) extended the termination date through October 1, 2029 (the "October 2025 Swaps"). The amendment did not change the aggregate notional amount of $120.0 million.

As a result of this transaction, the December 2022 Swaps were de-designated and the unrealized loss of $0.9 million was recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be amortized as a reduction of interest expense, net, over the original term of the of the amended swaps (until December 2026), as the hedged transactions affect earnings. Additionally, the October 2025 Swaps had a fair value of $0.9 million at inception, and will be ratably recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified to interest expense, net, over the term of the October 2025 Swaps (until October 2029), as the hedged transactions affect earnings.

At inception of the October 2025 Swaps, the Company determined that the swaps qualified for cash flow hedge accounting under ASC 815. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the swap, net of taxes, will be

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recognized in other comprehensive loss each period, then reclassified into the consolidated statements of income as a component of interest expense, net in the period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

Fair Value Hedges

Net Investment Hedges

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The fair value of derivative instruments on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31 consisted of the following:


	Derivative Assets			Derivative Liabilities
	Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024	Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps	Other current assets	—	0.1	Other current liabilities	—	—
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	—	—	Other liabilities	0.4	0.2
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Cross-currency swaps	Other current assets	1.2	1.5	Other current liabilities	—	—
Cross-currency swaps	Other assets	—	0.5	Other liabilities	8.9	—
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Cross-currency swaps	Other current assets	1.2	1.2	Other current liabilities	—	—
Cross-currency swaps	Other assets	—	0.2	Other liabilities	8.9	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forward contracts(a)	Other current assets	0.3	0.8	Other current liabilities	0.1	—

(a)Contracts that mature within the next 12 months are included in other current assets and other current liabilities for asset derivatives and liabilities derivatives, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. Contracts with maturities greater than 12 months are included in other assets and other liabilities for asset derivatives and liability derivatives, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets. Amounts included in our consolidated balance sheets are recorded net where a right of offset exists with the same derivative counterparty.

As of December 31, 2025, we anticipate reclassifying approximately $0.6 million of gains from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income during the next 12 months.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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The following tables include the amounts in the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of derivative instruments are recorded and the effects of derivative instruments activity on these line items for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	2025		2024
	Total	Gain (Loss) on Hedge Activity	Total	Gain (Loss) on Hedge Activity
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Interest expense, net	(9.0)	0.3	(9.1)	1.0
Net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain	(1.7)	(0.1)	0.1	—
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Interest expense, net	(9.0)	1.0	(9.1)	1.1
Net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain	(1.7)	(8.0)	0.1	3.9
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Interest expense, net	(9.0)	1.0	(9.1)	1.0

The effect of derivative instruments designated as hedges and derivative instruments not designated as hedges in our consolidated statements of income for the three years ended December 31 were as follows:


	2025		2024		2023
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Amount of gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)(a)	$	—	$	1.8	$	0.6
Amount of net gain reclassified from AOCL into earnings	0.2		1.0		2.0
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Amount of gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)(a)	1.6		0.2		—
Amount of net gain reclassified from AOCL into earnings	1.0		1.1		—
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Amount of gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)(a)	(6.1)		3.8		2.0
Amount of net gain reclassified from AOCL into earnings	1.0		1.0		1.0
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Amount of net (loss) gain recognized in earnings(b)	$	(9.6)	$	6.1	$	1.7

(a)Net change in the fair value of the effective portion classified in other comprehensive income (loss).

(b)Classified in net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain.

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12. Fair Value Measurements

Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

On February 21, 2024, the Company acquired certain investment securities in Brain Corp, a privately held autonomous technology company headquartered in San Diego, California. The investment consists of $12.1 million of redeemable convertible preferred stock, $12.2 million of non-redeemable convertible preferred stock, and $7.8 million of warrants. The redeemable convertible preferred stock is accounted for as an available-for-sale debt security. The non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and warrants are accounted for as equity securities. All securities were recorded at their allocated fair value at the acquisition date.

In December 2025, the Company obtained the ability to exercise significant influence over Brain Corp and, as a result, adopted the equity method of accounting for its equity securities investment. As of December 31, 2025, the investment is accounted for under the equity method (see Note 13 – Equity Method Investments).

The available-for-sale debt security is carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company estimates fair value using Level 3 inputs.

As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, a comparison of cost and market values of our debt and equity securities was as follows:


	Cost		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses
Balance as of December 31, 2025
Available-for-sale debt securities	$	12.1	$	11.8	$	—	$	(0.3)
Total debt securities	$	12.1	$	11.8	$	—	$	(0.3)

Balance as of December 31, 2024
Available-for-sale debt securities	$	12.1	$	12.3	$	0.2	$	—
Equity securities	20.0		20.0		—		—
Total debt and equity securities	$	32.1	$	32.3	$	0.2	$	—

The aggregate unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax effects, are classified in accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders' equity.

Scheduled maturities of our debt securities were as follows:


	Cost		Fair Value
After 5 years through 10 years	$	12.1	$	11.8
Total debt securities	$	12.1	$	11.8

Fair Value Measurements and Financial Statement Presentation

Estimates of fair value for financial assets and financial liabilities are based on the framework established in the accounting guidance for fair value measurements. The framework defines fair value, provides guidance for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures. The framework discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow) and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The

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framework utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

Our population of assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:


	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Debt securities	11.8		—		—		11.8
Foreign currency forward contracts	0.3		—		0.3		—
Cross-currency swaps	2.4		—		2.4		—
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—
Total assets	14.5		—		2.7		11.8
Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	0.1		—		0.1		—
Cross-currency swaps	17.8		—		17.8		—
Interest rate swaps	0.4		—		0.4		—
Total liabilities	$	18.3	$	—	$	18.3	$	—

Our population of assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:


	Fair Value		Level 1	Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Equity securities	20.0		—	—		20.0
Debt securities	12.3		—	—		12.3
Foreign currency forward contracts	0.8		—	0.8		—
Cross-currency swaps	3.4		—	3.4		—
Interest rate swaps	0.1		—	0.1		—
Total assets	36.6		—	4.3		32.3
Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	—		—	—		—
Cross-currency swaps	—		—	—		—
Interest rate swaps	0.2		—	0.2		—
Total liabilities	$	0.2	—	$	0.2	$	—

Our foreign currency forward exchange contracts, cross-currency swaps and interest rate swaps are valued using observable Level 2 market expectations at the measurement date and standard valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. Further details regarding our foreign currency forward exchange and option contracts are discussed in Note 11.

There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 investments in 2025 or 2024.

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

The fair value and carrying value of total debt, including current portion, was $281.4 million and $273.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2025. The fair value was estimated using Level 3 inputs based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for bank loans with similar terms and remaining maturities.

13. Equity Method Investments

On February 21, 2024, the Company acquired certain investment securities of Brain Corp, as further described in Note 12 - Fair Value Measurements. The investment consists of $12.2 million of non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and $7.8 million of warrants to purchase common shares.

Prior to the vesting of all warrants on December 9, 2025, the Company accounted for the investment as an equity security under the measurement alternative. Upon vesting of the warrants, the Company’s voting interest in Brain Corp increased to approximately 18% and it's overall ownership interest increased to approximately 12%. Based on the voting interest, together with the board representation obtained in connection with the investment, the Company concluded that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over Brain Corp’s operating and financial policies, but does not have a controlling financial interest. Accordingly, beginning on December 9, 2025, the Company accounts for its investment in Brain Corp under the equity method of accounting.

Due to the timing and availability of Brain Corp’s financial information, the Company recognizes its share of Brain Corp’s earnings or losses on a three-month reporting lag, based on the investee’s most recently available financial statements. As a result of the adoption of the equity method late in the fiscal year and the application of this reporting lag, the Company did not recognize any equity method earnings or losses related to Brain Corp in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company’s share of earnings or losses from Brain Corp will be presented as a separate line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income in future periods.

As of December 31, 2025, the carrying amount of the Company’s equity method investment in Brain Corp was $20.0 million and is included in Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

14. Retirement Benefit Plans

Substantially all U.S. employees are covered by various retirement benefit plans, including defined contribution savings plans and postretirement medical plans. Retirement benefits for eligible employees in foreign locations are funded principally through defined benefit plans, annuity or government programs.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

We have a U.S. nonqualified supplemental benefit plan (the “U.S. Nonqualified Plan”) to provide additional retirement benefits for certain employees whose benefits under our 401(k) plan or U.S. Pension Plan are limited by either the Employee Retirement Income Security Act or the Internal Revenue Code.

We also have defined benefit pension plans in the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy (the “U.K. Pension Plan”, the “German Pension Plan,” "French Pension Plan" and the "Italian Pension Plan"). The U.K. Pension Plan, French Pension Plan, German Pension Plan and Italian Pension Plan cover certain current and retired employees and all plans are closed to new participants.

In December 2018, the U.K. Pension Plan was amended to close all future accrual of benefits to existing active members.

In December 2024, the Trustees of the U.K. Pension Plan entered into an agreement with an insurer to acquire an insurance policy that operates as an investment asset, with the intent of matching part of the U.K. Pension Plan’s future cash outflow arising from the accrued pension liabilities of 26 non-insured pensioner members. Such an arrangement is commonly termed as a “partial buy-in.” The benefit obligation was not transferred to the insurer and remains with the Company. The partial buy-in insurance contract is classified as a Level 3 investment. The value of the insurance contract is based on significant unobservable inputs including

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

plan participant demographics, in addition to observable inputs which include expected return on assets and estimated value premium.

The partial buy-in arrangement also allows for the possible future conversion into a buy-out arrangement where the insurance company would assume responsibility for paying the insured benefits directly to the members of the U.K. Pension Plan, at which time the Company would derecognize the assets and liabilities of the pension plan but would, however, remain responsible for any residual risks once the U.K. Pension Plan is wound-up.

The Italian Plan is an employee termination indemnity mandated by Italian law to all employees employed prior to 2008. Benefits are paid out when employees covered under the plan are terminated for any reason. Due to changes in Italian law, such termination indemnities are no longer available to new participants.

Retiree Health Care Plan

We have a U.S. postretirement medical benefit plan (the “U.S. Retiree Plan”) to provide certain healthcare benefits for U.S. employees hired before January 1, 1999. Eligibility for those benefits is based upon a combination of years of service with us and age upon retirement

Summarized financial information about our defined benefit pension plans and retiree health care plan is presented below:

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)


	U.S. Nonqualified Plan				Non-U.S. Pension Benefits				Postretirement Medical Benefits
	2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	0.8	$	0.9	$	10.3	$	10.4	$	4.3	$	4.6
Service cost	—		—		0.1		0.1		—		—
Interest cost	—		—		0.5		0.4		0.2		0.2
Actuarial loss (gain)	0.1		—		0.3		(0.2)		1.1		0.1
Foreign exchange	—		—		1.0		(0.4)		—		—
Net transfer in	—		—		—		0.7		—		—
Benefits paid	(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.9)		(0.7)		(0.8)		(0.6)
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	0.8	$	0.8	$	11.3	$	10.3	$	4.8	$	4.3
Change in fair value of plan assets and net accrued liabilities:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	12.6	$	12.7	$	—	$	—
Actual return on plan assets	—		—		0.3		(0.2)		—		—
Employer contributions	0.1		0.1		0.5		0.3		0.8		0.6
Foreign exchange	—		—		0.9		(0.2)		—		—
Net transfer in	—		—		—		0.7		—		—
Benefits paid	(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.9)		(0.7)		(0.8)		(0.6)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	—		—		13.4		12.6		—		—
Funded status at end of year	$	(0.8)	$	(0.8)	$	2.1	$	2.3	$	(4.8)	$	(4.3)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Noncurrent other assets	$	—	$	—	$	6.2	$	6.4	$	—	$	—
Current liabilities	(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.3)		(0.3)		(0.6)		(0.5)
Long-term liabilities	(0.7)		(0.7)		(3.8)		(3.8)		(4.2)		(3.8)
Net accrued liability	$	(0.8)	$	(0.8)	$	2.1	$	2.3	$	(4.8)	$	(4.3)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of:
Prior service cost	$	—	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	(0.1)	$	—	$	—
Net actuarial (loss) gain	(0.7)		(0.7)		1.9		2.7		—		1.4
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(0.7)	$	(0.7)	$	1.8	$	2.6	$	—	$	1.4

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

The accumulated benefit obligation ("ABO") for all defined benefit pension plans was $11.9 million and $10.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The ABO for plans that have plan assets was $7.2 million and $6.3 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The projected benefit obligation ("PBO") for all defined benefit pension plans was $4.8 million and $4.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

By their nature, certain of our plans do not have plan assets. The accumulated benefit obligation for these plans was $4.6 million and $4.6 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income in 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	U.S. Nonqualified Plan						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Postretirement Medical Benefits
	2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023
Net actuarial loss	0.1		0.1		0.1		0.8		0.8		(0.9)		1.1		0.1		(0.7)
Foreign exchange	—		—		—		(0.2)		0.1		—		—		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial (loss) gain	(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.1)		0.1		0.1		0.1		0.3		0.3		0.2
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	0.7	$	1.0	$	(0.8)	$	1.4	$	0.4	$	(0.5)

The components of the net periodic benefit expense (income) for the three years ended December 31 were as follows:


	U.S. Nonqualified Plan						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Postretirement Medical Benefits
	2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest cost	—		—		—		0.5		0.4		0.5		0.2		0.2		0.3
Expected return on plan assets	—		—		—		(0.8)		(0.8)		(0.7)		—		—		—
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)	0.1		0.1		0.1		(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)		(0.3)		(0.2)
Net periodic benefit expense (income)	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	(0.3)	$	(0.4)	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.1

Health Care Cost Trend Rates

Assumed health care cost trend rates as of December 31 were as follows:


	2025		2024
Health care cost trend rate assumed next year	7.65	%	8.40	%
Ultimate trend rate	4.00	%	4.00	%
Year that trend reaches ultimate rate	2050		2047

We review our health care cost trend rates annually. Our review is based on data we collect about our health care claims experience and information provided by our actuaries.

Assumptions

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31 were as follows:


	U.S. Nonqualified Plan				Non-U.S. Pension Benefits				Postretirement Medical Benefits
	2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Discount rate	5.00	%	5.42	%	4.92	%	4.65	%	4.90	%	5.39	%
Rate of compensation increase	—	%	—	%	3.18	%	3.00	%	—	%	—	%

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs as of December 31 were as follows:


	U.S. Nonqualified Plan						Non-U.S. Pension Benefits						Postretirement Medical Benefits
	2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023		2025		2024		2023
Discount rate	5.42	%	5.07	%	5.37	%	4.65	%	4.26	%	4.68	%	5.39	%	5.06	%	5.37	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	—	%	—	%	—	%	6.10	%	6.10	%	6.10	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Rate of compensation increase	—	%	—	%	—	%	3.00	%	3.00	%	2.25	%	—	%	—	%	—	%

The discount rate reflects the rate at which the benefit obligations could be effectively settled at the measurement date and is based on yields of high-quality corporate bonds with durations consistent with the plan liabilities. The Company works with its outside actuaries to estimate the timing and amount of expected future benefit payments and applies a yield curve derived from high-quality corporate bond yields to those expected cash flows to determine the discount rate. For 2025, the Company used the Mercer Above Mean Yield Curve for the U.S. plans and the Mercer Yield Curve for the Non-U.S. plans.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the target investment allocation and expected long-term portfolio returns for each Non-U.S. pension plan.

Fair Value of Plan Assets

The fair value of our U.K. Pension Plan and the respective level in the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:


			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Asset category	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Investment account held by pension plan(a)	$	7.2	$	7.2	$	—	$	—
Buy-in insurance contract(b)	6.2		—		—		6.2
Total	$	13.4	$	7.2	$	—	$	6.2

(a)This category is comprised of investments in fixed income securities.

(b)This represents the U.K. Pension Plan partial buy-in assets comprised of investments in insurance contracts.

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The fair value of our U.K. Pension Plan and the respective level in the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:


			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
Asset category	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Investment account held by pension plan(a)	$	6.7	$	—	$	—	$	6.7
Buy-in insurance contract(b)	5.9		—		—		5.9
Total	$	12.6	$	—	$	—	$	12.6

(a)This category is comprised of investments in insurance contracts.

(b)This represents the U.K. Pension Plan partial buy-in assets comprised of investments in insurance contracts.

Estimates of the fair value of the U.K. Pension Plan are prepared in accordance with the framework established under the accounting guidance for fair value measurements. A summary of the three fair value hierarchy levels is provided in Note 12.

The Investment Account held by the U.K. Pension Plan primarily invests in insurance contracts to fund the plan and continues to be classified as Level 3. The fair value of these contracts is based on the cash surrender values determined by the provider, representing the amounts the plan would receive if the contracts were cashed out at year-end. The underlying assets of these contracts are primarily invested in instruments traded in active markets.

In 2025, $7.2 million was reallocated from the insurance contracts to a bond fund. This portion of the Investment Account is now classified as Level 1 reflecting its valuation based on observable market prices.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 investments of our U.K. Pension Plan during the years ended December 31 was as follows:


	2025		2024
Fair value at beginning of year	$	12.6	$	12.7
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net	(0.5)		(0.4)
Net (loss) gain	0.3		(0.2)
Net transfer into (out of) Level 3	(7.2)		0.7
Foreign currency	1.0		(0.2)
Fair value at end of year	$	6.2	$	12.6

The primary objective of our U.K. Pension Plan is to meet retirement income commitments to plan participants at a reasonable cost to us and to maintain a sound actuarial funded status. This objective is accomplished through growth of capital and safety of funds invested. Assets are invested in securities to achieve growth of capital over inflation through appreciation and accumulation and reinvestment of dividend and interest income. Investments are diversified to control risk. The U.K. Pension Plan is invested in insurance contracts with underlying investments primarily in equity and fixed income securities. All other Pension Plans are unfunded, which is customary.

Future Contributions and Benefit Payments

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

We do not expect to be required to make contributions to our U.S. Nonqualified Plan in 2026. We expect to contribute $0.6 million to our U.S. Retiree Plan in 2026. We expect contributions to our U.K. Pension Plan, German Pension Plan, French Pension Plan and Italian Pension Plans to be $0.3 million in 2026.

Estimated benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid from 2026 to 2035 as follows:


	U.S. Nonqualified Plan		Non-U.S. Pension Benefits		Postretirement Medical Benefits
2026	$	0.1	$	0.8	$	0.6
2027	0.1		0.6		0.6
2028	0.1		0.8		0.6
2029	0.1		0.7		0.6
2030	0.1		0.9		0.5
2031 to 2035	0.3		4.1		2.0
Total	$	0.8	$	7.9	$	4.9

Defined Contribution Plans

Our defined contribution savings plan (“401(k) plan”) covers substantially all U.S. employees. Under this plan, we match up to 3% of the employee’s annual compensation in cash to be invested per their election. We also make a discretionary profit sharing contribution to the 401(k) plan for employees with more than one year of service in accordance with our Profit Sharing Plan. This contribution is based upon our financial performance and can be funded in the form of a direct deposit into the employees 401(k) account, cash, or a combination of both. Expenses for the 401(k) plan, including profit sharing contributions, were $5.6 million, $10.0 million and $10.5 million during 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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(Tables in millions, except shares and per share data)

15. Shareholders' Equity

Authorized Shares

We are authorized to issue an aggregate of 60,000,000 shares, all of which are designated as Common Stock having a par value of $0.375 per share. The Board of Directors is authorized to establish one or more series of preferred stock, setting forth the designation of each such series, and fixing the relative rights and preferences of each such series.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were as follows:


	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Pension and Postretirement Medical Benefits		Derivative Financial Instruments		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Debt Securities		Total
December 31, 2023	$	(45.6)	$	3.7	$	(0.4)	$	—	$	(42.3)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(28.6)		(0.9)		2.0		0.2		(27.3)
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	(1.0)		—		(2.1)		—		(3.1)
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income	(29.6)		(0.9)		(0.1)		0.2		(30.4)
December 31, 2024	$	(75.2)	$	2.8	$	(0.5)	$	0.2	$	(72.7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	42.3		(1.7)		1.6		(0.5)		41.7
Amounts reclassified from AOCL	(1.0)		—		(1.2)		—		(2.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	41.3		(1.7)		0.4		(0.5)		39.5
December 31, 2025	$	(33.9)	$	1.1	$	(0.1)

TENNANT CO 10-K