UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-09235

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

93-0768752

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

601 E. Beardsley Ave., Elkhart, IN

46514-3305

52700 Independence Court, Elkhart, IN

46514-8155

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (574) 970-7460

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Name of each exchange

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

on which registered

Common stock (Par value $0.10 Per Share)

THO

New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to the filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☑

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)

Yes ☐ No ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of January 31, ~~2024~~2025 was approximately $5.~~761~~226 billion based on the closing price of the registrant’s common shares on January 31, ~~2024~~2025, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Solely for the purpose of this calculation and for no other purpose, the non-affiliates of the registrant are assumed to be all shareholders of the registrant other than (i) directors of the registrant (ii) current executive officers of the registrant who are identified as “named executive officers” pursuant to Item 10 of the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and (iii) any shareholder that beneficially owns 10% or more of the registrant’s common stock. The exclusion of such persons is not intended, nor shall it be deemed, to be an admission that such persons are affiliates of the registrant. The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of September 16, ~~2024~~2025 was 52,~~931~~633,~~424~~210.

Documents incorporated by reference:

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the ~~2024~~2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

			Page
PART I
	ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	1
	ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	12
	ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	2526
	ITEM 1C.	CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT, STRATEGY AND GOVERNANCE	2526
	ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	2627
	ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	2728
	ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	2728
PART II
	ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	2829
	ITEM 6.	(RESERVED)	3031
	ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	3132
	ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	5052
	ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA – SEE ITEM 15	5153
	ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	5254
	ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	5254
	ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	5456
	ITEM 9C.	DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTION	5456
PART III
	ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	5557
	ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	5557
	ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	5557
	ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	5658
	ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES	5658
PART IV
	ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	5759
SIGNATURES			6062

PART I

Unless otherwise indicated, all Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except per share data.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Our Company was founded in 1980 and has grown to become the largest manufacturer of recreational vehicles (“RVs”) in the world. We are also the largest manufacturer of RVs in North America, and one of the largest manufacturers of RVs in Europe. The Company manufactures a wide variety of RVs in the United States (“U.S.”) and Europe, and sells those vehicles, as well as related parts and accessories, primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. We are incorporated in Delaware and are the successor to a corporation of the same name which was incorporated in Nevada on July 29, 1980. Our principal executive office is located at ~~601~~52700 ~~East~~Independence ~~Beardsley Avenue~~Ct., Elkhart, Indiana 46514 and our telephone number is (574) 970-7460. Our Internet address is www.thorindustries.com. We maintain copies of our recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), available free of charge, on our web site. Unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, all references to “THOR”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us” refer to THOR Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Our principal North American recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries are Airstream, Inc. (“Airstream”), Heartland Recreational Vehicles, LLC (“Heartland”, which ~~includes~~will ~~Cruiser~~be ~~RV,~~reported ~~LLC~~as ~~(“CRV”)~~a ~~and~~component ~~DRV,~~of ~~LLC~~Jayco ~~(“DRV”~~beginning in fiscal 2026)), Jayco, Inc. (“Jayco”~~, which includes Jayco, Starcraft, Highland Ridge and Entegra Coach~~), Keystone RV Company (“Keystone”~~, which includes CrossRoads and Dutchmen~~), K.Z., Inc. (“KZ”~~, which includes Venture RV~~), Thor Motor Coach, Inc. (“Thor Motor Coach”) and Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. (“Tiffin Group”).

Our European recreational vehicle operations include ~~eight~~nine primary RV production locations producing numerous brands within Europe, including Buccaneer, Buerstner, Carado, CrossCamp, Dethleffs, Elddis, Eriba, Etrusco, Hymer, Laika, LMC, Niesmann+Bischoff, Sunlight and Xplore.

North American Recreational Vehicles

For the fiscal years ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, THOR, through its operating subsidiaries, is the largest manufacturer of RVs in North America, by units sold and revenue, based on retail statistics published by Statistical Surveys, Inc. (“Stat Surveys”) and other reported data. Our North American operating subsidiaries are as follows:

Airstream

Airstream manufactures and sells premium quality travel trailers and motorhomes. Airstream travel trailers are distinguished by their rounded shape and bright aluminum finish and, in our opinion, constitute the most recognized product in the recreational vehicle industry. Airstream manufactures and sells travel trailers under the trade names Airstream Classic, ~~Airstream Pottery Barn,~~ Globetrotter, International, Tradewind, Flying Cloud, Caravel, Bambi and Basecamp. Airstream also sells the Interstate, Atlas and Rangeline series of Class B motorhomes.

Heartland

Heartland ~~manufactures~~manufactured and ~~sells~~sold conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels and ~~includes~~included the operations of Heartland, Cruiser RV and DRV. Heartland, ~~including~~manufactured ~~Cruiser RV~~ and ~~DRV,~~sold ~~manufactures and sells~~ conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Bighorn, ~~Trail Runner,~~ North Trail, Cyclone, ~~Torque,~~ Prowler, ~~Milestone,~~and ~~Shadow~~Sundance. ~~Cruiser,~~Heartland's ~~MPG,~~trade ~~Hitch,~~names ~~Sundance~~have ~~and~~been ~~Stryker~~transferred to Jayco and, ~~luxury~~as ~~fifth~~such, ~~wheels~~will ~~under~~be ~~the~~reported ~~trade~~as ~~name~~a ~~DRV~~component ~~Mobile~~of ~~Suites.~~Jayco beginning in fiscal 2026.

Jayco

Jayco manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers, fifth wheels and motorhomes, and includes the operations of Jayco, Starcraft, Highland Ridge and Entegra Coach. Jayco manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Jay Flight, Jay Feather, Eagle and Pinnacle, and also manufactures Class A, Class C and Class B motorhomes under trade names such as Alante, Precept, Greyhawk and Redhawk. Starcraft manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Autumn Ridge and Super Lite. Highland Ridge manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Open Range. Entegra Coach manufactures and sells Class A motorhomes under trade names such as Insignia, Aspire, Anthem and Cornerstone and Class A, Class BC and Class CB motorhomes under trade names such as Odyssey, Esteem and Emblem.

Keystone

Keystone manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels and includes the operations of Keystone, Dutchmen and CrossRoads. Keystone manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Montana, Springdale, Hideout, Sprinter, Outback, Arcadia, Bullet, Fuzion, Raptor, Reign, Passport, Sprout, Cougar and Coleman, while the Dutchmen travel trailer and fifth wheel trade names include Kodiak, Aspen Trail, Astoria, Denali, Voltage and Colorado. CrossRoads manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Cruiser, Volante, Sunset Trail and Zinger and luxury fifth wheels under the trade name Redwood.

KZ manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels and includes the operations of KZ and Venture RV. KZ manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as Classic, ~~Escape,~~ Sportsmen, Connect, ~~Venom~~Ridgeway, ~~Gold~~Durango, Durango Gold and Sportster X, while Venture RV manufactures and sells conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels under trade names such as ~~Stratus~~Sienna, ~~SportTrek~~Sonic, Stratus and ~~Sonic~~SportTrek.

Thor Motor Coach

Thor Motor Coach manufactures and sells gasoline and diesel Class A, Class BC and Class CB motorhomes. Its products are sold under trade names such as Ace, Aria, Axis, Challenger, Chateau, Compass, Dazzle, Delano, Echelon, Four Winds, Gemini, Geneva, Hurricane, Inception, Indigo, Luminate, Magnitude, Miramar, Omni, Outlaw, Palazzo, Palazzo GT, Quantum, Resonate, Rize, Riviera, Sanctuary, Scope, Sequence, Tellaro, Tiburon, Tranquility, Tuscany, Twist, Vegas and Windsport.

Tiffin Group

The Tiffin Group manufactures and sells conventional motorhomes and includes the operations of Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. Tiffin Motorhomes, Inc. manufactures and sells premium diesel and gasoline Class A, Class C and Class B motorhomes under trade names such as Allegro, Allegro Bay, Allegro Breeze, Allegro Bus, Allegro Red, Byway, GH1, GT1, Midas, Open Trail, Phaeton, Wayfarer and Zephyr.

European Recreational Vehicles

THOR, through its Erwin Hymer Group (“EHG”) operating subsidiary, is a leading manufacturer of recreational vehicles in Europe, according to statistics published by the Caravaning Industry Association e.V. (“CIVD”) and the European Caravan Foundation (“ECF”).

Erwin Hymer Group

EHG manufactures ~~towable~~motorized and ~~motorized~~towable recreational vehicles, including motorcaravans, ~~caravans~~campervans, ~~campervans and~~ urban vehicles and caravans in ~~eight~~nine primary RV production locations within Europe. EHG produces and sells numerous brands primarily within Europe, such as Buccaneer, Buerstner, Carado, CrossCamp, Dethleffs, Elddis, Eriba, Etrusco, Hymer, Laika, LMC, Niesmann+Bischoff, Sunlight and Xplore. In addition, EHG’s operations include other RV-related products and services.

Other

Airxcel

Airxcel, Inc. (“Airxcel”), through its operating divisions and subsidiaries (including Aqua-Hot, Cleer Vision Windows, Coleman-Mach, Dicor Products, InVision, Maxxair, MCD Innovations, Suburban, United Shade, Velarium and Vixen Composites) manufactures a comprehensive line of high-quality RV-related products which they sell primarily to RV original equipment manufacturers as well as consumers via aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers.

Postle

Postle Operating, LLC (“Postle”) manufactures and sells aluminum extrusions and specialized component products to RV and other manufacturers.

Product Line Sales and Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: (1) North American Towable Recreational Vehicles, (2) North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles and (3) European Recreational Vehicles. The North American Towable Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists of the following operating segments that have been aggregated: Airstream (towable), Heartland ~~(including Cruiser RV and DRV)~~, Jayco (~~including Jayco~~ towable~~, Starcraft and Highland Ridge~~), Keystone ~~(including CrossRoads~~ and ~~Dutchmen), and~~ KZ ~~(including Venture RV)~~. The North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists of the following operating segments that have been aggregated: Airstream (motorized), Jayco (~~including Jayco~~ motorized ~~and Entegra Coach~~), Thor Motor Coach and the Tiffin Group. The European Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists solely of the EHG business. EHG manufactures a full line of motorized and towable recreational vehicles, including motorcaravans, campervans, urban vehicles and caravans in ~~eight~~nine RV production locations within Europe.

The operations of the Company’s Airxcel and Postle subsidiaries are included in “Other” in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Net sales included in Other primarily relate to the sale of aluminum extrusions and specialized RV component products. Intercompany eliminations adjust for Airxcel and Postle sales to the Company’s North American Towable and North American Motorized segments, which are consummated at established transfer prices generally consistent with the selling prices of such components to third-party customers.

Total assets include those assets used in the operation of each reportable and non-reportable segment, and the Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, deferred income taxes, deferred compensation plan assets, equity and other investments and certain Corporate real estate holdings primarily utilized by certain U.S.-based operating subsidiaries.

The table below sets forth the contribution of each of the Company’s reportable segments to net sales in each of the last three fiscal years:

	2024			2023			2022
	2025			2024			2023
	Amount		%	Amount		%	Amount		%
Recreational vehicles:
North American Towable	$	3,~~679~~784,~~671~~666	3639.65	$	43,~~202~~679,~~628~~671	3736.86	$	84,~~661~~202,~~945~~628	5337.18
North American Motorized	2,~~445~~175,~~850~~604		2422.47	32,~~314~~445,~~170~~850		2924.84	3,~~979~~314,~~647~~170		2429.48
European	3,~~364~~023,~~980~~961		3331.56	3,~~037~~364,~~147~~980		2733.35	23,~~887~~037,~~453~~147		1727.73
Total recreational vehicles	98,~~490~~984,~~501~~231		9493.58	109,~~553~~490,~~945~~501		94.95	1510,~~529~~553,~~045~~945		9594.29
Other (1)	781,927		7.8	777,639		7.0	1,225,824		7.5
Other	859,609		9.0	781,927		7.8	777,639		7.0
Intercompany eliminations	(~~229~~264,~~020~~350)		(2.38)	(~~209~~229,~~979~~020)		(12.93)	(~~442~~209,~~344~~979)		(21.79)
Total	$	109,~~043~~579,~~408~~490	100.0	$	1110,~~121~~043,~~605~~408	100.0	$	1611,~~312~~121,~~525~~605	100.0

~~(1)Other~~For ~~totals~~additional ~~include~~information 11regarding ~~months~~our ofsegments, ~~operations~~see inNote FY2 ~~2022~~to ~~for Airxcel from~~ the ~~September~~Consolidated 1,Financial ~~2021 acquisition date~~Statements.

For additional information regarding our segments, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recreational Vehicles

Overview

We manufacture a wide variety of recreational vehicles in the United States and Europe and sell those vehicles, as well as related parts and accessories, primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. North American recreational vehicle classifications are based upon standards established by the RV Industry Association (“RVIA”). The principal types of recreational vehicles that we produce in North America include conventional travel trailers and fifth wheels as well as Class A, Class C and Class B motorhomes. In Europe, we produce numerous types of motorized and towable recreational vehicles, including motorcaravans, campervans, urban vehicles, caravans and other RV-related products and services.

North American Recreational Vehicles

Travel trailers are non-motorized vehicles which are designed to be towed by passenger automobiles, pickup trucks, SUVs or vans. Travel trailers provide comfortable, self-contained living facilities for camping, vacationing and multiple other purposes. Within North America we produce “conventional” and “fifth wheel” trailers. Conventional trailers are towed by means of a frame hitch attached to the towing vehicle. Fifth wheel trailers, designed to be towed by pickup trucks, are constructed with a raised forward section that is attached to a receiver in the bed area of the pickup truck.

A motorhome is a self-powered vehicle built on a motor vehicle chassis. Motorhomes are self-contained with their own lighting, heating, cooking, refrigeration, sewage holding and water storage facilities, so that they can be utilized without being attached to utilities.

Within North America, Class A motorhomes, generally constructed on medium-duty truck chassis, are supplied complete with engine and drivetrain components by motor vehicle manufacturers such as Ford, Freightliner and The Shyft Group. We design, manufacture and install the living area and driver’s compartment of Class A motorhomes. Class C and Class B motorhomes are generally built on a Ford, General Motors or Mercedes-Benz small truck or van chassis, which includes an engine, drivetrain components and a finished cab section. We construct a living area which has access to the driver’s compartment and attaches to the cab section. Although they are not designed for permanent or semi-permanent living, motorhomes can provide comfortable living facilities for camping, vacationing and multiple other purposes.

European Recreational Vehicles

In Europe, a caravan is a travel trailer which is a non-motorized vehicle designed to be towed by passenger automobiles, SUVs or vans. Caravans provide comfortable, self-contained living facilities for camping, vacationing and multiple other purposes. In Europe, the focus is on lighter and smaller caravans that can even be towed by small passenger cars.

Motorcaravans are similar to the Class A and Class C motorized products in the North American market. Motorcaravans include various types such as integrated, semi-integrated and alcove, and are generally constructed on light-duty truck chassis, supplied complete with engine and drivetrain components by chassis manufacturers such as Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz, ~~Ford~~ and ~~Iveco~~Ford. The main difference between European motorcaravans as compared to RVs in the North American market is that the focus in Europe is on lighter and smaller vehicles due to weight restrictions and driving license requirements.

An integrated motorcaravan contains driving and passenger space that is completely integrated into the vehicle, along with the living area, which creates a great feeling of openness. The driver/passenger and living areas are made of one compartment and form a single unit.

A semi-integrated motorcaravan is one in which the cab (driver/passenger compartment) belongs to the chassis. This means that the existing driver/passenger area is complemented by an attached living area. As a result, the advantages of the basic vehicle are enhanced by mobile living.

An alcove motorcaravan is one where there is an additional sleeping space located above the driver’s cab. This superstructure is called an “alcove,” and it comprises sleeping accommodations for two people. Behind the driver’s cab is an additional bedroom and a living space with basic equipment.

A campervan is comparable to the Class B motorhome in the North American market. They are generally built on a Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz or Ford panel van chassis which includes an engine, drivetrain components and a finished cab section. A constructed living area provides access to the driver’s compartment and attaches to the cab section. As they are smaller and more compact than typical motorcaravans, a campervan has the advantage of being easier to maneuver and easier to park.

An urban vehicle is a multi-functional vehicle, similar to a minivan, which is generally built on a Stellantis or Ford chassis and is mainly used as a family vehicle but has a small removable kitchen and sitting area that can be converted into a sleeping area. Additionally, these vehicles are equipped with a pop-up roof to provide additional sleeping quarters.

Production

In order to minimize finished inventory, our recreational vehicles in both North America and Europe are generally produced to dealer order. Our facilities are designed to provide efficient, assembly-line manufacturing of products. In North America, capacity increases can generally be achieved relatively quickly and at relatively low cost, largely by acquiring, leasing or building additional facilities and equipment and increasing the number of production employees. In Europe, that process is typically longer and involves higher costs. In North America, capacity decreases can generally be achieved relatively quickly and at relatively low cost, mainly by decreasing the number of production employees. In Europe, short-term capacity decreases can generally be achieved by adjusting work schedules and reducing the number of short-term contract and temporary workers. Long-term capacity reductions in Europe generally involve agreed-upon terms with the applicable works council.

We purchase many of the components used in the production of our recreational vehicles in their finished form. The principal raw materials used in the manufacturing processes for motorhomes, including motorcaravans, campervans and urban vehicles, and travel trailers, including caravans, are chassis, aluminum, lumber, plywood, plastic, fiberglass and steel purchased from numerous suppliers.

Our relationship with our chassis suppliers is similar to our other RV vendor relationships in that no long-term contractual commitments are entered into by either party. Historically, chassis manufacturers resort to an industry-wide allocation system during periods when chassis supply is restricted. These allocations are generally based on the volume of chassis previously purchased. While we are not dependent on any one supplier, we do depend on a consistent supply of chassis from a limited number of chassis suppliers. Sales of our motorized RV products, including motorhomes, motorcaravans, campervans and urban vehicles, rely on these chassis.

It is extremely difficult to predict when or whether future supply chain issues related to chassis or other components used in the production of RVs will arise. Modifying available chassis for certain motorized products to use for other products is not a viable alternative, particularly in the short term, due to engineering requirements. The North American recreational vehicle industry has, from time to time in the past, experienced shortages of chassis for various reasons, including component shortages, production delays or other production issues and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers. In Europe, while the overall chassis supply has improved, wedisruption ~~anticipate disruptions~~ in the sequence of chassis ~~delivery~~supply tohas ~~continue~~in ~~through~~ the ~~remainder~~past, ofand ~~calendar~~could ~~year~~in ~~2024.~~the ~~The~~future, ~~sequence~~inhibit ~~of chassis supply inhibits~~ our ability to efficiently and consistently maintain our planned production levels. ~~Uncertainties related to changing emission standards may also impact consumer buying patterns.~~

While the North American RV industry has at times faced supply shortages or delivery delays of other, non-chassis raw material components, the supply chain is currently able to support our demand. If supply shortages or delivery delays were to adversely impact our suppliers’ ability to fully meet our needs for key components, our costs of such components and our production output could be adversely affected.

In Europe, we continued to experience cost increases, and intermittent supply shortages and delivery delays of other, non-chassis raw material components for some brands which negatively impacted the efficiency of our production in the current fiscal year. We believe these shortages and delays will improve, but could continue to result in production inefficiencies in the near term, which ~~will~~would have a negative impact on our operating results due to lost efficiencies as a result of not completing units ~~off the production line~~ within the normal production ~~schedule~~sequence.

Where possible, we will continue to work closely with our suppliers on various supply chain strategies to minimize any constraints and will work to identify alternative suppliers. Furthermore, to minimize the future impact of supply chain constraints, we have identified a second-source supplier base for certain component parts, however, the engineering requirements required with an alternate component part, particularly the chassis our various units are built upon, limit the impact of these alternative suppliers on reducing any near-term supply constraints.

Generally, our North American and European RV operating subsidiaries introduce new or improved lines or models of recreational vehicles each year. Changes typically include new sizes and floor plans, different decors or design features and engineering and technological improvements.

Seasonality

Historically, since recreational vehicles were used primarily by vacationers and campers, our recreational vehicle sales ~~tended~~tend to be seasonal and, in most geographical areas, ~~tended~~tend to be lower during the winter months than in other periods. As a result of being primarily used for vacations, our recreational vehicle sales ~~were~~are historically lowest during our second fiscal quarter, which ends on January 31 of each year. In times of high consumer demand or other macro or social disruptions, seasonality may differ from the normal patterns noted above.

Marketing and Distribution

We sell our recreational vehicles primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers located throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. Each of our recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries sells to its own network of independent dealers, with many dealers carrying more than one of our product lines as well as products from other manufacturers. As of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, there were approximately 2,400 independent, non-franchise dealership locations carrying our products in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 1,100 dealership locations, of which two are Company-owned, carrying our products throughout Europe. We believe that the working relationships between the management and sales personnel of our operating entities and the independent dealers provide us with valuable information on customer preferences and the quality and marketability of our products.

Our European brands distribute their vehicles in Europe through dealer networks that offer various EHG brands covering all price segments in each region, avoiding brand overlap even in regions with two or more dealers that offer EHG brands. The European dealer base is comprised primarily of independent dealers, although EHG does operate two Company-owned dealerships. Approximately 5349% of independent European dealers sell EHG brands exclusively.

Each of our recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries has its own wholesale sales force that works directly with its independent dealers. Typically, there are wholesale shows held during the year in certain locations within the United States and Europe. These shows allow dealers to view new and existing products as well as place orders.

Historically, the most important retail sales events occur at various consumer recreational vehicle shows or trade fairs which take place throughout the year at different locations across the United States, Canada and Europe. We believe that we, and our dealers, are well-positioned to reach new and existing RV consumers through a strategic combination of retail shows and digital marketing activities. We also benefit in the United States from the recreational vehicle awareness advertising and marketing programs sponsored by the RVIA in national print media and television.

In our selection of individual, independent dealers, we emphasize the dealer’s ability to maintain a sufficient inventory of our products, as well as their financial stability, creditworthiness, reputation, experience and ability to provide service to the end customer. Many dealers, particularly in North America, carry the recreational vehicle lines of one or more of our competitors. Generally, our recreational vehicle operating subsidiaries each have separate dealer agreements.

One dealer, FreedomRoads, LLC, accounted for approximately 14.0% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal ~~2024~~2025 and for approximately 14.0% and 13.0% in ~~both~~ fiscal ~~2023~~2024 and fiscal ~~2022~~2023, respectively. This dealer also accounted for approximately 1014.0% of the Company’s consolidated trade accounts receivable at July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and approximately 1310.0% at July 31, ~~2023~~2024.

We generally do not finance dealer purchases. Most dealers are financed on a “floor plan” basis by an unrelated bank or financing company, which lends the dealer all, or substantially all, of the wholesale purchase price and retains a security interest in the vehicles purchased. As is customary in the recreational vehicle industry, we will generally execute a repurchase agreement with a lending institution financing a dealer’s purchase of our products upon the lending institution’s request. Repurchase agreements provide that, typically for a period of up to 18 months after a unit is financed and in the event of default by the dealer and notification from the lending institution of the dealer default, we will repurchase all of the applicable or qualifying dealer units repossessed by the lending institution for the amount then due, which is often less than 100% of the dealer’s cost. The risk of loss under repurchase agreements is spread over numerous dealers and is further reduced by the resale value of the units which we would be required to repurchase. Estimating the timing and volume of any potential future repurchase demands, and the related losses to the Company, is difficult and subject to uncertainty. The Company’s total commercial commitments under standby repurchase obligations on dealer inventory financing as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and July 31, ~~2023~~2024 were $3,~~642~~484,~~137~~235 and $3,~~893~~642,~~048~~137, respectively. Losses incurred related to repurchase agreements that were settled in fiscal ~~2024~~2025 ~~totaled $7,107,~~ and ~~the~~fiscal ~~losses~~2023 ~~incurred due to repurchases~~ were not material inand ~~fiscal~~totaled ~~2023~~$7,107 orin fiscal ~~2022~~2024.

Backlog

The backlogs for our North American Towable, North American Motorized and European Recreational Vehicle segments as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and July 31, ~~2023~~2024, respectively, were as follows:

July 31, 2024

July 31, 2023

ChangeAmount

%Change

July 31, 2025

July 31, 2024

ChangeAmount

%Change

Recreational vehicles

North American Towable

~~552~~525,~~379~~014

~~756~~552,~~047~~379

(~~203~~27,~~668~~365)

(265.90)

North American Motorized

~~776~~1,~~903~~004,620

1776,~~242,936~~903

~~(466~~227,~~033)~~717

~~(37~~29.5)3

Total North America

1,~~329~~529,~~282~~634

1,~~998~~329,~~983~~282

~~(669~~200,~~701)~~352

~~(33~~15.5)1

European

1,~~950~~525,~~793~~592

31,~~549~~950,~~660~~793

(1425,~~598,867~~201)

(4521.08)

Total

3,~~280~~055,~~075~~226

53,~~548~~280,~~643~~075

(2224,~~268,568~~849)

(406.9)

The ~~decrease~~increase in total North American Recreational Vehicle backlog is primarily due to aan ~~reduction~~increase in ~~orders~~North ~~from~~American ~~dealers~~Motorized backlog, ~~mainly~~which ~~for~~was ~~motorized~~adversely ~~products,~~impacted ~~which~~at weJuly ~~believe~~31, is2024 ~~due~~by to lower retail sales and dealer and consumer concerns over ~~current~~the higher interest ~~costs~~rates and ~~other~~ carrying costs ~~compared~~at tothat ~~the prior year~~time.

We believe North American dealer inventory levels for most products are generally at, or slightly higher than, the levels that dealers are comfortable stocking given the current retail sales levels and associated carrying costs. We believe dealers will continue to closely evaluate the unit stocking levels that they will elect to carry in future periods, which may be less than historical unit stocking levels due to a combination of factors such as retail activity, RV wholesale unit prices as well as interest rates and other carrying costs.

The decrease in European Recreational Vehicle backlog is primarily due to improved chassis supply availability ~~resulting~~and ina return to normalized dealer ~~stocking~~inventory levels at July 31, ~~2024, while chassis constraints in the prior year resulted in the significantly elevated backlog as of July 31, 2023~~2025.

Backlog represents unfilled dealer orders on a particular day which can and do fluctuate on a seasonal basis. The manufacturing time in the recreational vehicle business is relatively short. Barring any significant and longer-term material supply constraints, the existing backlogs of the North American Towable, North American Motorized and European Recreational Vehicle segments are generally expected to be filled in the remainder of calendar ~~2024~~2025 and the first half of calendar ~~2025~~2026.

Product Warranties

In North America, we generally provide retail purchasers of our recreational vehicles with a one-year or two-year limited warranty against defects in materials and workmanship with longer warranties on certain structural components. In Europe, we generally offer a two-year limited warranty on certain structural components and up to a 12-year warranty against water leakage. The chassis and engines in our motorized RV products are generally warranted for various periods in excess of one year by their manufacturers.

Regulation

In the countries where we operate and our products are sold, we are subject to various vehicle safety and compliance standards. Within the United States, we are a member of the RVIA, a voluntary association of recreational vehicle manufacturers which promulgates recreational vehicle safety standards in the United States. We manufacture recreational vehicles in accordance with these standards and, in turn, are permitted to place an RVIA seal on each of our North American recreational vehicles to certify that the RVIA’s standards have been met. We also comply with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) in the U.S. and with similar standards within Canada and Europe as it relates to the safety of our products. We rely upon certifications obtained by chassis manufacturers with respect to compliance with applicable motorized vehicle emission control standards and work with chassis manufacturers to ensure they remain compliant with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”)) and state-specific requirements, including mandates on the production and sale of zero-emission vehicles and near-zero emission vehicles.

Governmental authorities in the regions in which we operate have various environmental control standards relating to air, water and noise pollution which affect our business and operations. For example, these standards, which are generally applicable to all companies, control our choice of paints, our air compressor discharge, the handling of our waste water and the noise emitted by our factories, among other things.

Our facilities are subject to, and are periodically inspected by, various governmental and industry agencies concerned with health and safety in the workplace to ensure that our facilities and products comply with applicable governmental and industry standards.

We believe that our products and facilities comply in all material respects with applicable vehicle safety (including those promulgated by NHTSA), environmental, industry, health, employee safety and other required regulations. We do not believe that ongoing compliance with the existing regulations discussed above will have a material effect in the foreseeable future on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. However, future developments in regulation and/or policy could impose significant challenges and costs upon our business operations.

Competition

The recreational vehicle industry is generally characterized by low barriers to entry. The recreational vehicle market is intensely competitive, with numerous other manufacturers selling products that compete directly with our products. We also compete against consumer demand for used recreational vehicles, particularly during periods of economic downturn, and against other forms of consumer leisure, outdoor or vacation spending priorities. We also experience a certain level of competition among our own operating subsidiaries. Increased activity in the market for used recreational vehicles may also impact manufacturers’ sales of new products and varies depending on the availability of, and the price differential of, used recreational vehicles compared to new units. Competition in the recreational vehicle industry is based upon price, design, value, quality and service. We believe that the price, design, value and quality of our products and the warranty coverage and service that we provide allow us to compete favorably for retail purchasers of recreational vehicles and consumer leisure spending. There are approximately 80 RV manufacturers in the U.S. and Canada, according to Statistical Surveys, Inc. and approximately 30 RV manufacturers across Europe according to Caravaning Industry Association e.V.

Our primary RV competitors within the North American Towable and North American Motorized segments are Forest River, Inc. and Winnebago Industries, Inc. We are the largest recreational vehicle manufacturer in North America in terms of both units sold and revenue. According to Statistical Surveys, Inc., for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025, THOR’s current combined U.S. and Canadian market share based on unit retail sales was approximately 4039.21% for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined and approximately 4748.23% for motorhomes.

Our primary RV competitors within the European Recreational Vehicle segment are Trigano, Hobby/Fendt, Knaus Tabbert and various vehicle manufacturers. According to CIVD, EHG’s current European market share for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025 based on unit retail sales was approximately 2526.31% for motorcaravans and campervans combined and approximately 1817.3% for caravans.

Trademarks and Patents

We have registered United States trademarks, Canadian trademarks, German trademarks and certain other international trademarks and licenses carrying the principal trade names and model lines under which our products are marketed. We hold and protect certain patents related to our business. We are not dependent upon any patents or technology licenses of others for the conduct of our business.

Human Capital Resources

Since our founding in 1980, we have been dedicated to our key principles of operating fairly and ethically, with stewardship and transparency, under our core values of community, compassion, trustworthiness and adventure. We believe in the invigorating power of human connection and commit to our team members by teaching our leaders how to nurture, guide and foster strong relationships with them. We strive to treat others with dignity and respect, practicing thankfulness and gratitude. We endeavor to operate in a way that our word is trusted, and we are committed to providing a safe work environment for our team members while empowering them to seize opportunities around them and give them avenues to grow and learn.

At July 31, ~~2024~~2025, we employed approximately 2220,~~300~~900 full-time employees worldwide, including approximately 13,~~900~~200 full-time employees in the United States, of which approximately 2,~~300~~100 were salaried, and approximately 87,~~400~~700 full-time employees in Europe, of which approximately 43,~~100~~900 were salaried. As of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, approximately ~~250~~230 of our North American employees were represented by certified labor organizations. Our European-based operations are subject to employee contracts, ~~Works~~works ~~Councils~~councils and certain other labor organizations. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees.

We and our operating subsidiaries share a global commitment to all our stakeholders to foster ana ~~inclusive~~ workplace culture where dignity and respect for team members is encouraged and where each team member is supported to achieve their maximum potential. We believe that our performance is significantly impacted by our human capital management, and, as a result, we consistently strive to attract, select, engage, develop and retain strong, diverse talent as summarized below.

People-First Culture

We strive to foster a people-first culture where team members are valued as the heart of our success. We believe that when individuals feel supported, respected and empowered they bring their best selves to work – and that drives everything we do. From prioritizing open communication and professional growth to ensuring well-being and inclusivity, our commitment to people shapes our decisions and strengthens our workplace. By putting people first, we create a culture of trust, collaboration and continuous improvement that benefits not only our team, but also our customers and the communities we serve.

Competitive Pay and Benefits

We conduct our operations through subsidiaries located in various regions within ~~North~~U.S. ~~America~~ and Europe, each of which operates independently with its own unique culture. Competitive compensation and benefits packages are tailored to meet the specific needs and expectations of the employees at each of our operating subsidiaries with the goal of attracting and retaining the best talent.

Team Member Safety and Wellness

Our commitment to maintaining the health, safety and well-being of each of our team members is reflected in our safety culture. With the ultimate goal of eliminating workplace injuries and hazards, our approach to safety and wellness is supported by consistent and effective communication, the regular sharing of best practices and enhanced Corporate-led safety audits, in addition to both external and internal benchmarking. Each of our operating subsidiaries, in both ~~North~~the ~~America~~U.S. and Europe, has developed and maintain site-specific environmental health and safety plans that align with our overall goal of reducing risk and complying with safety laws, standards and regulations. We require all accidents, injuries, unsafe equipment and hazardous conditions or practices be reported immediately to management so the details can be reviewed to determine what, if any, additional safety measures are warranted to support team member health, safety and well-being.

The health, safety and wellness of our employees are key priorities for THOR. Our ~~Corporate~~company ~~office~~is ~~and~~proud ~~subsidiaries~~to offer a competitive ~~benefit~~benefits ~~packages~~package designed to ~~employees.~~support ~~For~~the ~~example,~~diverse asneeds ~~part~~ of our ~~health~~team members and ~~welfare~~their ~~benefits,~~families. ~~all~~We ~~North~~understand ~~American~~that ~~team~~attracting ~~members~~and ~~have~~retaining ~~access~~top totalent means providing more than just a paycheck, which is why our benefits go beyond the ~~Employee~~basics. ~~Assistance~~From ~~Program~~comprehensive ~~(“EAP”)~~health ~~where~~coverage ~~they~~and ~~can~~paid ~~receive~~time upoff to ~~five~~retirement ~~free~~savings ~~sessions~~plans, towellness ~~assist~~programs ~~with~~and ~~counseling~~professional ~~needs~~development asopportunities, we strive to create a well-rounded asoffering that promotes financial security, personal well-being and~~/or~~ work-~~related~~life ~~concerns~~balance. Our ~~EAP~~commitment ~~services~~to ~~are~~competitive ~~designed~~benefits reflects our dedication to ~~help~~investing ~~provide~~in ~~support~~our ~~for~~people ~~team~~and ~~members~~recognizing ~~who~~the ~~are~~vital ~~navigating~~role ~~life~~they ~~issues~~play in our continued success.

Inclusion

We strive to have an inclusive culture which enables our family of companies to be more innovative and responsive to consumer needs and deliver strong sustained performance and growth. Our commitment is to foster an inclusive workplace where dignity and respect for team members are championed and where each team member is supported to achieve their maximum potential. Guided by THOR’s commitment to such principles, each of our operating companies develops and establishes its own specific inclusion strategy. With each strategy, our companies have utilized THOR’s guide to measure effectiveness and goal achievement.

Commitment to Ethical Behavior

Each year, we conduct training with certain employees, based on their role and level in the organization, on our business ethics policy. Providing our team members with resources to help make good decisions through an ethics program cultivates strong teamwork and productivity. Issues can be communicated anonymously using our multilingual, third-party hotline via phone, email or online inquiry systems. Every report is investigated and, if warranted, corrective actions are taken or implemented, and we have a policy that protects team members who report issues from any retaliation.

For more information on THOR’s human capital resources, please visit www.thorindustries.com/sustainability.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes certain statements that are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are made based on management’s current expectations and beliefs regarding future and anticipated developments and their effects upon THOR, and inherently involve uncertainties and risks. These forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance. We cannot assure you that actual results will not differ materially from our expectations. Factors which could cause materially different results include, among others:

•the impact of inflation on the cost of our products as well as on general consumer demand;

•the effect of raw material and commodity price fluctuations, including the impact of tariffs, and/or raw material, commodity or chassis supply constraints;

•the impact of war, military conflict, terrorism and/or cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored or ransom attacks;

•the impact of sudden or significant adverse changes in the cost and/or availability of energy or fuel, including those caused by geopolitical events, on our costs of operation, on raw material prices, on our suppliers, on our independent dealers or on retail customers;

•the dependence on a small group of suppliers for certain components used in production, including chassis;

•interest rates and interest rate fluctuations and their potential impact on the general economy and, specifically, on our independent dealers and consumers and our profitability;

•the ability to ramp production up or down quickly in response to rapid changes in demand or market share while also managing associated costs, including labor-related costs and ~~market~~production ~~share~~capacity costs;

•the level and magnitude of warranty and recall claims incurred;

•the ability of our suppliers to financially support any defects in their products;

•the financial health of our independent dealers and their ability to successfully manage through various economic conditions;

•legislative, trade, regulatory and tax law and/or policy developments including their potential impact on our independent dealers, retail customers or on our suppliers;

•the costs of compliance with governmental regulation;

•the impact of an adverse outcome or conclusion related to current or future litigation or regulatory audits or investigations;

•public perception of and the costs related to environmental, social and governance matters;

•legal and compliance issues including those that may arise in conjunction with recently completed transactions;

•~~lower~~the ~~consumer~~ability ~~confidence~~to ~~and~~realize ~~the~~anticipated ~~level~~benefits of ~~discretionary~~strategic ~~consumer~~realignments ~~spending;~~or other reorganizational actions;

•the level of consumer confidence and the level of discretionary consumer spending;

•the impact of exchange rate fluctuations;

•restrictive lending practices which could negatively impact our independent dealers and/or retail consumers;

•management changes;

•the success of new and existing products and services;

•the ability to maintain strong brands and develop innovative products that meet consumer demands;

•the ability to efficiently utilize existing production facilities;

•changes in consumer preferences;

•the risks associated with acquisitions, including: the pace and successful closing of an acquisition, the integration and financial impact thereof, the level of achievement of anticipated operating synergies from acquisitions, the potential for unknown or understated liabilities related to acquisitions, the potential loss of existing customers of acquisitions and our ability to retain key management personnel of acquired companies;

•a shortage of necessary personnel for production and increasing labor costs and related employee benefits to attract and retain production personnel in times of high demand;

•the loss or reduction of sales to key independent dealers, and stocking level decisions of our independent dealers;

•disruption of the delivery of units to independent dealers or the disruption of delivery of raw materials, including chassis, to our facilities;

•increasing costs for freight and transportation;

•the ability to protect our information technology systems, including confidential and personal information, from data breaches, cyber-attacks and/or network disruptions;

•asset impairment charges;

•competition;

•the impact of losses under repurchase agreements;

•the impact of the strength of the U.S. dollar on international demand for products priced in U.S. dollars;

•general economic, market, public health and political conditions in the various countries in which our products are produced and/or sold;

•the impact of adverse weather conditions and/or weather-related events;

•the impact of changing emissions and other related climate change regulations in the various jurisdictions in which our products are produced, used and/or sold;

•changes to our investment and capital allocation strategies or other facets of our strategic plan; and

•changes in market liquidity conditions, credit ratings and other factors that may impact our access to future funding and the cost of debt.

These and other risks and uncertainties are discussed more fully in Item 1A Risk Factors below.

We disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect any change in our expectations after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based, except as required by law.

Available Information

Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports and the Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders are made available, free of charge, on our website, www.thorindustries.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports have been filed with or furnished to the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that is filed electronically with the SEC. The website can be accessed at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors should be considered carefully in addition to the other information contained in this filing.

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face and represent risks that our management believes are currently material to our Company and our business. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem not material may also harm our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed.

MACROECONOMIC, MARKET AND STRATEGIC RISKS

RV industry sales volumes can be volatile as the industry is both cyclical and seasonal, making our business subject to significant fluctuations in production rates, sales, net income and stock price.

The RV industry has historically been characterized by cycles of growth and contraction in consumer demand, generally reflecting prevailing overall economic and market conditions (such as the level of inflation, interest rates and tariffs), consumer sentiment and behavior and demographic conditions which affect disposable income for leisure-time activities. Changes can impact the RV industry suddenly and severely. Consequently, the results of any prior period may not be indicative of results for any future period. Furthermore, if industry RV sales were to decline to levels significantly below our planning assumptions, the decline could have a substantial adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition to the RV industry cyclicality, we have experienced, and expect to experience in future periods, significant variability in quarterly production rates, sales and net income as a result of annual seasonality in our business. Because recreational vehicles are used primarily by vacationers and campers, demand, sales and profits in the RV industry generally decline during the fall and winter months, while demand, sales and profits are generally highest during the spring and summer months. Various factors such as constraints in the labor pool, supply chain disruptions, economic conditions and desired dealer stocking levels have disrupted, and may disrupt in the future, the historical trends in the seasonality of our business in both North America and Europe.

Our business is structured, particularly in the United States, to quickly align production rates and cost structure to meet rapidly changing market conditions. However, if we are unable to ramp production, and the corresponding workforce, up or down quickly enough in response to rapid changes in demand, we may not be able to effectively manage our costs, which could negatively impact operating results, and we may also lose sales and market share.

The stock market, in general, experiences volatility that has often been unrelated to the underlying operating performance of companies. Likewise, at various points in our history, our stock price has experienced volatility that has not been correlated to our operating results. If this volatility were to occur in the future, the trading price of our common stock could decline significantly, independent of our actual ~~operating~~financial performance. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, among other things, the following:

•Development of new products and features by our competitors;

•Development of new collaborative arrangements by us, our competitors or other parties;

•Actual or anticipated changes in government regulations applicable to our business in the various jurisdictions in which we operate;

•Actual or anticipated changes to trade policy, tariffs and import/export regulations;

•Changes in investor perception of our business and/or management;

•Changes in global economic conditions or general market conditions in our industry;

•Changes in interest rates and credit availability and their impact on our industry;

•Changes in market expectations of our future growth and profitability;

•Occurrence of disruptive or catastrophic health, economic or political events; and

•Sales of our common stock held by certain equity investors or members of management.

The Company’s stock price may also reflect expectations regarding our stock repurchase activity and our dividend rate. If we fail to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, dividends, share repurchases or other market expectations, analysts or investors could change their opinions and/or recommendations regarding our stock and our stock price may decline, which could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence.

With our global footprint, our business could be adversely affected by macroeconomic and geopolitical developments or other events.

Due to the interconnectedness of the global economy, the challenges of a financial crisis, economic downturn or recession, trade policy volatility, natural disaster, war, geopolitical crisis, public health emergency or other significant event in one area of the world can have a sudden material adverse impact on markets around the world. RV industry sales volume in our key markets can be volatile and could decline if there is a financial crisis, recession or significant geopolitical event. Our results of operations are generally sensitive to changes in overall economic and political conditions, including recessionary conditions, inflationary or deflationary pressures, changes in tariff rate, prolonged high unemployment rates, significant changes in the cost and/or availability of fuel or energy, ~~low~~ consumer confidence, ~~higher~~ interest rates, restrictions and/or shortages of natural gas or other fuels, terrorism and military conflicts. Historically, we have seen that in times of economic uncertainty, consumers who have less discretionary income generally defer spending on high-cost, discretionary products, such as RVs. Recently, we have seen demand for RVs ~~decrease,~~remain ~~particularly~~depressed ~~in North America,~~ amid ~~high~~ongoing inflation, ~~rising~~persistently higher interest rates, political and trade policy uncertainty and numerous other macroeconomic indices which have generally ~~worsened~~remained challenging in the regions in which we operate. If economic and political conditions worsen and RV sales decline, our operating results and financial condition would be negatively affected.

The industry in which we operate is highly competitive both in North America and in Europe and our requirements as a public company may put us at a competitive disadvantage.

The RV industry is generally characterized by relatively low barriers to entry, which results in a highly competitive business environment. According to Stat Surveys and CIVD, respectively, there are approximately 80 RV manufacturers in the U.S. and Canada and approximately 30 RV manufacturers across Europe. Competition within the industry is based upon price, design, value, quality, service, brand awareness and reputation, as well as other factors. Competitive pressures have, from time to time, resulted in a reduction of our profit margins and/or ~~a reduction~~ in our market share. In periods of economic downturn, these competitive pressures can increase as RV manufacturers compete for a share of a smaller RV market. Sustained increases in these competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, as a public company, we are required to disclose certain information that may put us at a competitive disadvantage compared to certain of our competitors who are either non-public or are not required to disclose specific industry-related information due to the immateriality of that information to their parent company’s consolidated operations.

Due to the anticipated long-term interest in the RV lifestyle, a number of start-up companies in North America, and certain automotive manufacturers, in both North America and Europe, have entered the RV industry within the last few years and introduced products that directly compete with our products. If existing or new competitors develop products that are superior to, are more innovative than, achieve better consumer acceptance than, or are offered at a lower net price to dealers than our products, our market share, sales volume and profit margins may be adversely affected. Not only does our Company compete against numerous existing RV manufacturers, but a number of our operating subsidiaries directly compete with each other.

In addition to direct competition from other RV manufacturers, we also continuously compete against consumer demand for used recreational vehicles, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Increased availability of used recreational vehicles and significant price differences between new and used recreational vehicles, as a result of an economic downturn or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and our results of operations.

Finally, we also face competition from other consumer leisure, discretionary and vacation spending alternatives, such as cruises, vacation homes, timeshares, tent camping and other traditional vacations along with other recreational products like boats and motorcycles. Changes in actual or perceived value among these alternatives by consumers could impact our future sales volume and profitability.

Our long-term success and competitiveness depend on the successful execution of our innovation initiatives.

A key driver in our historical performance and growth has been our ability to maintain our strong brands and to continuously develop and introduce innovative new and improved products at a reasonable cost that are desired by consumers. Adoption of new technological advances and changing governmental regulatory mandates could result in changes to product offerings and in consumer preferences for recreational vehicles or the types of recreational vehicles consumers prefer. These changes could include shifts to smaller recreational vehicles, electric recreational vehicles, autonomous recreational vehicles, connected recreational vehicles, or other currently unanticipated changes. Our ability to successfully maintain our market position or grow through investments in the areas of electrification, connectivity and digital services depends on many factors, including advancements in technology, regulatory changes, infrastructure development (e.g., a widespread vehicle charging network) and other factors that are difficult to predict.

ToOur ~~successfully execute our~~ long-term ~~strategy,~~success ~~we believe we must continue to develop~~ and ~~successfully~~competitiveness ~~market~~depend ~~our~~on existing products as well as new products, including lightweight motorized and towable recreational vehicles, electric recreational vehicles with sufficient user range capability and innovative services that enrich the end users’ RV experience. Our initiatives to invest in the future of the RV industry, including automation of certain of our production processes and investments in new product and service innovation, are likely to be costly and may not be successful. ~~The~~execution uncertainties associated with developing and introducing innovative new and improved products and services, such as gauging changing consumer demands and preferences and successfully developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling these products, may impact the success of our product introductions. Further, we cannot be certain that our new product introductions will not reduce revenues from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations. If the products we introduce do not gain widespread market acceptance, or if our competitors’ new products obtain better market acceptance or render our products obsolete, we could lose sales or be required to reduce our prices, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial position. In addition, there is no guarantee that our innovation or automation efforts will lead to products or services that will be introduced to market or that an initial product or service concept or design will result in a unit that generates sales in sufficient quantities and at high enough prices to be profitableinitiatives.

A key driver in our historical performance and growth has been our ability to maintain our strong brands and to continuously develop and introduce innovative new and improved products at a reasonable cost that are desired by consumers. Adoption of new technological advances and changing governmental regulatory mandates could result in changes to product offerings and in consumer preferences for recreational vehicles or the types of recreational vehicles consumers prefer. These changes could include shifts to smaller recreational vehicles, electric recreational vehicles, hybrid recreational vehicles, autonomous recreational vehicles, connected recreational vehicles or other currently unanticipated changes. Our ability to successfully maintain our market position or grow through investments in the areas of electrification, connectivity and digital services depends on many factors, including advancements in technology, regulatory changes, infrastructure development (e.g., a widespread vehicle charging network) and other factors that are difficult to predict.

To successfully execute our long-term strategy, we believe we must continue to develop and successfully market our existing products as well as new products, including lightweight motorized and towable recreational vehicles, hybrid or electric recreational vehicles with sufficient user range capability and innovative services that enrich the end users’ RV experience. Our initiatives to invest in the future of the RV industry, including automation of certain of our production processes and investments in new product and service innovation, are likely to be costly and may not be successful. The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing innovative new and improved products and services, such as gauging changing consumer demands and preferences and successfully developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling these products, may impact the success of our product introductions. Further, we cannot be certain that our new product introductions will not reduce revenues from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations. If the products we introduce do not gain widespread market acceptance, or if our competitors’ new products obtain better market acceptance or render our products obsolete, we could lose sales or be required to reduce our prices, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial position. In addition, there is no guarantee that our innovation or automation efforts will lead to products or services that will be introduced to market or that an initial product or service concept or design will result in a unit that generates sales in sufficient quantities and at high enough prices to be profitable.

OPERATIONAL RISKS

We are highly dependent on our suppliers to deliver raw materials and component parts timely and in sufficient quantities to meet our production demands.

We depend on timely and sufficient delivery of raw materials and component parts from our suppliers. If there is a shortage of raw materials or component parts in our supply chain or a supplier is unable to deliver raw materials and component parts to us because of production issues, labor constraints, limited availability of materials, shipping problems or other reasons, the shortage may disrupt our operations or increase our cost of production. For example, wein ~~have~~fiscal 2024 we experienced supply shortages and delivery delays of non-chassis raw material components in Europe. ~~This~~which negatively impacted the efficiency of our production in fiscal 2024 and resulted in an elevated level of work in process inventory on hand compared to historical norms. Such conditions could reoccur in ~~Europe in~~ the future and could have negative impacts on net sales and financial results due to not completing units on the production line and carrying higher volumes of incomplete units than historical norms.

Raw materials and component parts are generally sourced from a number of suppliers that may not have: (1) the ability to meet our needs timely or completely, (2) the financial reserves or borrowing power to successfully manage through an economic hardship or (3) the ability to financially support potential warranty or recall demands. Additionally, some of our suppliers have in the past discontinued, or could in the future discontinue, their business or the materials or component parts we currently acquire from them with little to no warning. If we are not adequately sourced for certain raw materials or key component parts, the discontinuation of even some smaller suppliers could have an adverse effect on our business.

Furthermore, certain raw materials and component parts are sourced from countries where we do not currently have operations. We rely on the free flow of goods through open and operational ports on a consistent basis for a portion of our raw materials and components. Changes in trade policy and resulting tariffs that have or may be imposed, along with port, production or other delays, have, in the past, and could, in the future, cause increased costs for, or shortages of, certain raw materials and components. We may not be able to source alternative supplies as necessary without increased costs or at all. If alternative sources of these raw materials and components are not readily available, our net sales, earnings and cash flows could be negatively affected.

The North American and European RV industries have, from time to time in the past, experienced shortages of chassis for various reasons, including component shortages, production delays, capacity constraints, labor constraints and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers. For example, from calendar year 2020 through 2023, a number of our North American and European chassis suppliers experienced supply constraints of key components they required to manufacture chassis, including semiconductor chips, which limited their production of chassis. The reduced supply of chassis negatively impacted our production rates and sales of motorized RVs, particularly in Europe, during this period. In addition, within our European operations, unpredictable deliveries of chassis by the chassis manufacturers during this same period, and in calendar 2024, had a further negative impact on our results of operations due to missed sales and/or increased labor and overhead costs related to adjusting our own production schedules to accommodate the chassis received versus the chassis expected to be delivered. Such conditions could reoccur in the future and would have a negative impact on our results of operations.

Government regulations aimed at reducing emissions and increasing fuel efficiency that impact our motorized chassis suppliers could negatively impact their production capacity and cost structure which could in turn negatively impact the supply of motorized chassis and/or result in increased input costs for our products. Government regulations could also accelerate the transition to electric vehicles, which may impact our product offerings and increase the cost of motorized chassis. Such rise in cost could outweigh the perceived benefits to consumers, negatively affecting our sales mix and pricing, resulting in decreased sales and/or margins.

14In addition, increased restrictions imposed on a class of chemicals known as per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances ("PFAS"), which are widely used in parts and materials that are incorporated into our products, may negatively impact our supply chain due to the potentially decreased availability, or non-availability, of PFAS-containing parts and materials. If alternative sources are not readily available, our net sales, earnings and cash flows could be negatively affected.

In addition, certain raw materials and component parts are sourced from countries where we do not currently have operations. We rely on the free flow of goods through open and operational ports on a consistent basis for a portion of our raw materials and components. Changes in trade policy and resulting tariffs that have or may be imposed, along with port, production or other delays, have, in the past, and could, in the future, cause increased costs for, or shortages of, certain raw materials and components. We may not be able to source alternative supplies as necessary without increased costs or at all. If alternative sources of these raw materials and components are not readily available, our sales and earnings could be negatively affected.

Fluctuations in the prices of raw material and component parts may adversely affect our business.

Raw material and component part prices have fluctuated significantly in the past and may ~~continue to~~ fluctuate considerably in the future. Current and proposed tariffs on goods imported to the U.S., or countermeasures imposed in response to such tariffs, may increase the cost of goods for our products if we are unable to source the required raw materials or component parts domestically or from other countries with lower tariff rates. Such cost increases may adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, if we are unable to pass along the costs increases to our dealers. Competition and business conditions may limit the amount or timing of cost increases that can be passed on to our customers in the form of increased sales prices. Conversely, as raw material costs decline, we may not be able to maintain selling prices consistent with higher-cost raw materials in our inventory, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We rely on a small number of suppliers for certain key components, including chassis, and we may not be able to source these key components from alternative suppliers.

Certain key components are currently produced by only a small group of suppliers that have the capacity to supply large quantities, primarily: (1) motorized chassis, where there are a limited number of chassis suppliers, and (2) doors, towable frames, slide-out mechanisms, axles and upholstered furniture for our recreational vehicles, where LCI Industries is a major supplier for these items within the North American RV industry.

Continued consolidation within our key component supplier base inhibits our ability to source components from alternative suppliers and could result in increased component costs and/or a lack of adequate supply, which in turn may result in decreased margins, higher wholesale product costs or limited production output, which could, ultimately, result in lower demand for our products, decreased sales and reduced operating results.

Our motorized chassis suppliers may need to substantially modify their product offerings to comply with regulations related to emissions, fuel economy, autonomous driving technology, environmental and other regulations which could result in increased costs and/or a lack of adequate motorized chassis supply to us, which in turn may result in higher wholesale product input costs and decreased margins, which would have an adverse impact on our financial condition orand results of operations.

In addition, as is standard in the industry, our arrangements with chassis and other suppliers are generally terminable at any time either by us or by the supplier. If we cannot obtain an adequate supply of chassis, raw materials or other key components, this would result in a decrease in our sales and earnings.

Product recalls, customer satisfaction actions and complying with our recall obligations for both our products and for component parts supplied by vendors could adversely affect our financial condition and harm our reputation.

We provide warranties on the products we sell. These warranties vary depending on the type of product and geographic location of the sale; however, in general, our warranties promise, within certain specified time periods following a retail sale, that we will repair, replace or adjust parts on our products that are not performing within acceptable standards or tolerances. These warranties extend to some, but not all, of our vendor-supplied raw materials and component parts as well. Estimated warranty costs are accounted for at the time of product sale and adjusted on a quarterly basis to reflect our best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle existing and future claims on our products. An increase in actual warranty claim costs as compared to our estimates could result in increased warranty liabilities and expense which could have an adverse impact on our earnings.

15Government safety standards require manufacturers to remedy issues related to vehicle safety through safety recall campaigns, and we regularly engage in voluntary recalls when we determine our products may have a safety issue. Issues subject to recall include both materials and workmanship from our companies as well as component parts supplied by vendors, arising from their quality issues or otherwise. The cost of certain recall and customer satisfaction actions have been substantial in the past and future recalls or customer satisfaction actions to remedy issues in products that have been sold could also be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, multiple recalls to address safety or significant operating concerns could erode consumer confidence in our brands and adversely affect our reputation or the public perception and market acceptance of our products, resulting in lower sales and an adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Although we maintain appropriate reserves for such recall contingencies, from time to time we have been and likely will again be faced with specific campaigns that result in material expense. To mitigate this risk, we endeavor to compel our suppliers to maintain appropriate levels of insurance coverage and agree to commercially reasonable indemnification requirements. Our efforts may not be successful and the failure of suppliers to maintain sufficient insurance coverage or provide meaningful indemnification protection could result in increased expense and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Government safety standards require manufacturers to remedy issues related to vehicle safety through safety recall campaigns, and we regularly engage in voluntary recalls when we determine our products may have a safety issue. Issues subject to recall include both materials and workmanship from our companies as well as component parts supplied by vendors. The cost of certain recall and customer satisfaction actions have been substantial in the past and future recalls or customer satisfaction actions to remedy issues in products that have been sold could also be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, multiple recalls to address safety or significant operating concerns could erode consumer confidence in our brands and adversely affect our reputation or the public perception and market acceptance of our products, resulting in lower sales and an adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Although we maintain appropriate reserves for such recall contingencies, from time to time we have been and likely will again be faced with specific campaigns that result in material expense. To mitigate this risk, we endeavor to compel our suppliers to maintain appropriate levels of insurance coverage and agree to commercially reasonable indemnification requirements. Our efforts may not be successful and the failure of suppliers to maintain sufficient insurance coverage or provide meaningful indemnification protection could result in increased expense and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and results of operations may be harmed if the frequency and size of product liability or other claims against us increase.

We are subject, in the ordinary course of business, to litigation involving product liability, consumer protection and other claims against us. In North America, we generally self-insure a portion of our exposure to product liability and certain other claims and also purchase product liability coverage above our self-insured retention. In Europe, we generally fully insure similar risks with insurance offering relatively low deductibles and premiums. Not all risks we face are covered by insurance, nor can we be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future claims against us. Any material change in the aforementioned factors could have an adverse impact on our operating results. Any increase in the frequency and/or size of claims, as compared to our experience in prior years, may cause the premiums that we are required to pay for insurance to increase significantly, may negatively impact future self-insured retention levels and may also increase the amounts we pay in punitive damages, not all of which are covered by our insurance policies.

While we record, and adjust on a quarterly basis, reserves for known claims or possible claims to reflect our best estimate of the amount necessary to settle the claim, litigation is unpredictable by its nature and final adjudications may be materially worse than our estimate.

The loss of our largest independent dealer or an increase in independent dealer consolidations could have a material negative effect on our business.

Sales to FreedomRoads, LLC accounted for approximately 14.0% of our consolidated net sales for fiscal ~~2024~~2025. During recent years, FreedomRoads, LLC has acquired a number of formerly independent RV dealerships. The leverage to negotiate better terms with us arising from FreedomRoads, LLC’s acquisitions or the loss of independent dealers could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, deterioration in the liquidity or creditworthiness of FreedomRoads, LLC could negatively impact our sales and accounts receivable and could, in the event of a financing default, trigger repurchase obligations under our repurchase agreements, which would have a significant adverse effect on our liquidity and results of operations.

Recently, a number of other U.S.-based independent dealers have acquired, and continue to acquire, formerly independent RV dealerships, resulting in further independent dealer concentration and improved negotiating leverage for these multi-location dealers. Continued consolidation in the U.S. independent dealer network could negatively impact our sales or gross margins and increase the concentration of our exposure under repurchase obligations related to these independent dealers.

A material portion of our revenue is derived from sales of our products to international sources.

Combined sales from the United States to foreign countries (predominately Canada) and sales from our foreign subsidiaries to countries other than the U.S. (predominately within the European Union) represented approximately 38.4% of THOR’s consolidated sales for fiscal 2024. Global political uncertainty poses risks of volatility in global markets, which could negatively affect our operations and financial results. Changes in U.S. policy regarding foreign trade or manufacturing may create negative sentiment about the U.S. among non-U.S. dealers, end customers, employees or prospective employees, all of which could adversely affect our business, sales, hiring and employee retention.

~~Implications~~A ~~related~~material toportion ~~our~~of ~~non-U.S. sales have negatively impacted~~ our ~~financial~~revenue ~~operating~~is ~~results~~derived infrom ~~the~~sales ~~past~~of ~~and~~our ~~are~~products ~~likely~~ to reoccur in the future at varying levels. These implications include foreign currency effects, tariffs, customs duties, inflation, difficulties in enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through foreign legal systems, compliance with international laws, treaties and regulations, unexpected changes in regulatory or tax environments, disruptions in supply or distribution, dependence on foreign personnel and various employee work agreements, foreign governmental action, as well as economic and social instabilitysources. ~~In addition, there may be tax inefficiencies in repatriating cash from non-U.S. subsidiaries or unfavorable tax law changes.~~

Combined sales from the U.S. to foreign countries (predominately Canada) and sales from our foreign subsidiaries to countries other than the U.S. (predominately within the European Union) represented approximately 36.1% of THOR’s consolidated sales for fiscal 2025. Changes in U.S. policy regarding foreign trade, manufacturing or other matters may create negative sentiment about the U.S. among non-U.S. dealers, end customers, employees or prospective employees, all of which could adversely affect our operations, sales, and financial results. In addition, global political uncertainty poses risks of volatility in global markets, which could negatively affect our operations and financial results.

Implications related to our non-U.S. sales have negatively impacted our financial operating results in the past and are likely to reoccur in the future, at varying levels. These implications include foreign currency effects, tariffs, customs duties, inflation, difficulties in enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through foreign legal systems, compliance with international laws, treaties and regulations, unexpected changes in regulatory or tax environments, disruptions in supply or distribution, dependence on foreign personnel and various employee work agreements, foreign governmental action, as well as economic and social instability. In addition, there may be tax inefficiencies in repatriating cash from non-U.S. subsidiaries or unfavorable tax law changes.

Our U.S.-based subsidiaries have expenses and sales denominated in U.S. dollars. Sales by our U.S.-based subsidiaries into the Canadian market are subject to currency risk as devaluation of the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar may negatively impact U.S.-dollar denominated sales into Canada. Our European-based subsidiaries primarily have Euro-denominated expenses, sales and assets which are subject to changes in the Euro and U.S. dollar currency exchange rate. To offset a portion of this currency risk, the EHG acquisition was partially funded through a Euro-denominated Term Loan B, which provides an economic hedge. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the future could have a material negative effect on our reported revenues and results of operations.

We are also subject to additional foreign regulatory frameworks, in some cases, more stringent or complex than similar United States frameworks. These emerging regulations are likely to require significant resources and could increase our cost of doing business, restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies, and result in fines, penalties, or reputational harm if not fully complied with.

Business acquisitions pose integration and other risks.

Our growth has been achieved both organically and through acquisition. Business acquisitions, including joint ventures and other equity investment arrangements, pose a number of risks, including integration risks, that may result in negative consequences to our business, financial condition or results of operations. The pace and significance of acquisitions and the nature and extent of integration of acquired companies, assets, operations, joint venture arrangements and other equity investment arrangements involve a number of related risks including, but not limited to:

•The diversion of management’s attention from the management of existing operations to various transaction and integration activities;

•The potential for disruption to existing operations and strategic plans;

•The assimilation and retention of employees, including key employees;

•Risks related to transacting business in geographies outside the U.S., including but not limited to: foreign currency exchange rate changes, expanded macroeconomic risks due to operations in and sales to a wide base of countries, political and regulatory exposures to a wide array of countries, varying employee/employer relationships, including the existence of works councils and labor organizations and other challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences, making it harder to do business in certain jurisdictions;

•Risks related to regulatory environments or product categories with which we have limited or no experience;

•Risks related to acquisitions outside of our historical RV OEM operations, which may carry new and less well-known operational challenges;

•The ability of our management teams to manage expanded operations, including international operations, to meet operational and financial expectations;

•The integration of departments and systems, including accounting systems, technologies, books and records, controls and procedures;

•The adverse impact on profitability if acquired operations, joint ventures or other equity investments do not achieve expected financial results or realize the synergies and other benefits expected;

•The potential loss of, or adverse effects on, existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

•The assumption of liabilities of the acquired businesses, which could be greater than anticipated;

•The potential failure of our due diligence efforts to identify and properly evaluate risks or liabilities acquired or assumed in acquisition transactions;

•The potential negative impact on available cash and/or future cash flows to support acquisitions, joint ventures or equity investments and related commitments; and

•The potential adverse impact on operating results if, in future periods, impairments of significant amounts of goodwill and other assets occur.

17We may not realize the anticipated benefits of strategic realignments or other reorganizational actions and such actions may cause the Company to incur significant charges, disrupt our operations or harm our reputation.

We continually review and evaluate our business to identify strategic opportunities to make our operations more efficient and reduce costs. In doing so, we have taken, and may in the future take, strategic realignment actions, such as strategic reorganization measures, reduced production rates to align with current and forecasted operating needs or brand rationalization actions within a market segment. Our plans for implementing such actions are generally in response to external RV industry market factors or internal cost saving and efficiency opportunities. These actions may also include employee separations, realignment of our operating footprint (e.g., plant closures) or other strategic actions. Such actions have caused in the past, and may in the future cause us to incur significant costs; record impairments or other charges; subject us to potential claims from employees or other counterparties; disrupt our operations; distract management from current operations; or harm our reputation. Further, we may not realize the expected benefits of such reorganizational actions (e.g., anticipated cost savings), such benefits may be delayed, or market dynamics or other factors may have evolved such that we cannot obtain the original intended results of an action.

Our long-term viability and financial success are dependent upon our ability to attract and retain an experienced and skilled workforce, including within our management teams, while also maintaining a flexible and competitive compensation and benefit cost structure.

We rely on the existence of an available, qualified workforce to manufacture our products and on our ability to recruit and retain talented hourly and salaried employees. Competition for such employees is intense in the areas where we operate, particularly during periods of high industry demand as such periods require us to pay higher wages to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees. We cannot be certain that we will be able to attract and retain qualified employees to meet future manufacturing needs at a reasonable cost, or at all.

Within our U.S.-based operations, we incur significant costs with respect to employee healthcare and workers compensation benefits. We are self-insured for these employee healthcare and workers compensation benefits up to certain defined retention limits. If costs related to these or other employee benefits increase as a result of increased healthcare costs in the U.S., increased utilization of such benefits as a result of increased claims, new or revised U.S. governmental mandates or otherwise, our operating results and financial condition may suffer. Within our European-based operations, we incur significant costs with respect to employee benefits which are largely governed by country and regional regulations. New or revised governmental mandates may also cause our operating results and financial condition to suffer.

In addition to compensation considerations, potential employees are placing an increasing premium on various tangible and intangible benefits, such as working for companies with a clear purpose, flexible work arrangements, limited overtime requirements, increased benefit packages and other considerations. If we are not perceived as an employer of choice, we may be unable to recruit and retain skilled employees. Further, if we lose existing employees with needed skills or we are unable to upskill and develop existing employees, particularly with the introduction of new technologies, it could have a substantial adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We rely heavily upon the knowledge, experience and skills of our executive management and key operating company management employees to compete effectively in the RV industry and manage our operations. Our future success depends on, among other factors, our ability to attract and retain executive management and key leadership level personnel and, upon the departure of such key employees, the existence of adequate succession plans. The loss of members of our executive management or other key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations in the event that our succession plans prove inadequate.

We could be impacted by the potential adverse effects of union activities.

~~Our~~Most of our European-based operations ~~are~~and ~~subject~~their torespective employee contracts, ~~Works~~are ~~Councils~~subject ~~and~~to ~~certain~~collective ~~other~~ labor ~~organizations~~agreements, works councils and unions, and a small number of our North American employees are currently represented by a labor union. Any disruption in our relationships with these third-party associations could adversely affect the cost of our labor, ~~and~~ our ability to ~~attract~~adjust ~~and~~employee ~~retain~~levels ~~qualified~~or ~~employees~~working hours in response to ~~meet~~market demands, and our ~~manufacturing~~ability ~~needs~~to attract and retain qualified employees. Additional unionization of our North American facilities could result in higher costs and increased risk of work stoppages.

We also are, directly or indirectly, dependent upon companies with unionized work forces, such as parts suppliers, chassis suppliers and trucking and freight companies. Work stoppages or strikes organized by such third-party unions have in the past and could again in the future have a material adverse impact on our business. If a work stoppage occurs, it could delay the manufacture, sale and distribution of our products and have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

18Our business depends on the performance of independent, non-franchise authorized dealers and third-party transportation carriers.

~~Our~~We ~~business~~distribute ~~depends~~all onof our North American and the ~~performance~~majority of our European products through a system of independent, non-franchise authorized dealers, many of whom sell products from competing manufacturers. As of July 31, 2025, we distributed our products to approximately 2,400 independent dealerships in the United States and approximately 1,100 independent ~~transportation~~dealerships ~~carriers~~in Europe. We depend on the capability of these independent dealers to develop and implement effective retail sales plans to create demand among retail consumers for the products that the dealers purchase from us. If our independent dealers are not successful in these endeavors, then we may be unable to maintain or grow our revenues and meet our financial expectations. The geographic coverage of our independent dealers and their individual business conditions can affect the ability of our independent dealers to sell our products to consumers. If our independent dealers are unsuccessful, they may exit or be forced to exit the business or, in some cases, we may seek to terminate relationships with certain dealerships. As a result, we could face adverse consequences related to the termination of independent dealer relationships. In addition, ongoing consolidation of independent dealers, as well as the growth of large, multi-location dealers, has in the past and could in the future result in increased bargaining power on the part of these independent dealers.

WeGiven ~~distribute all of our North American and~~ the ~~majority~~independent ofnature ~~our European products through a system~~ of ~~independent,~~the ~~non-franchise authorized~~ dealers, ~~many~~who ~~of whom~~ sell our products, ~~from~~they ~~competing~~generally ~~manufacturers.~~maintain Ascontrol ofover ~~July~~which 31manufacturers, ~~2024,~~and wewhich ~~distributed our products to approximately 2~~brands,~~400~~ ~~independent~~they ~~dealerships~~will indo ~~the~~business ~~United States and approximately 1~~with,~~100~~ ~~independent~~often ~~dealerships~~carrying inmore ~~Europe.~~than Weone ~~operate~~manufacturer’s ~~two dealerships in Europe~~products. WeIndependent ~~depend on the capability of these independent~~ dealers tocan, ~~develop~~ and ~~implement~~do, ~~effective~~change ~~retail sales plans to create demand among retail consumers for~~ the ~~products~~brands ~~that~~and ~~the~~manufacturers ~~dealers~~they ~~purchase from us~~sell. If our ~~independent~~products ~~dealers~~ are not ~~successful~~perceived inby ~~these~~the ~~endeavors, then we may be unable to maintain or grow our revenues and meet our financial expectations. The geographic coverage of our~~ independent dealers ~~and~~as ~~their~~being ~~individual~~desirable ~~business~~and ~~conditions~~profitable ~~can~~for ~~affect~~them ~~the ability of our independent dealers~~ to ~~sell~~carry, ~~our~~the ~~products to consumers. If our independent~~ dealers ~~are unsuccessful, they~~ may ~~exit~~terminate ortheir berelationship ~~forced~~with toour ~~exit~~operating ~~the~~subsidiaries ~~business~~ or, ~~in some cases, we~~ may ~~seek~~drop ~~to terminate relationships with~~ certain ~~dealerships. As a result, we could face adverse consequences related to the termination~~ of ~~independent~~our ~~dealer relationships. In addition~~brands, ~~ongoing~~which ~~consolidation~~would ofin ~~independent~~turn ~~dealers,~~adversely asaffect ~~well~~our assales ~~the growth of large, multi-location dealers, has in the past~~ and ~~could~~profit inmargins ~~the~~if ~~future~~we ~~result~~are inunable ~~increased~~to ~~bargaining~~replace ~~power~~those ~~on the part of these independent~~ dealers.

~~Given~~Our ~~the~~products ~~independent~~are ~~nature~~generally ofdelivered ~~the~~to our independent dealers ~~who~~via ~~sell~~a ~~our~~system ~~product,~~of ~~they~~third-party ~~generally~~transportation ~~maintain~~contractors. ~~control~~The ~~over~~network ~~which~~of ~~manufacturers~~carriers is limited, and ~~which~~in ~~brands,~~times ~~they~~of ~~will~~high dodemand ~~business~~and ~~with~~limited availability, ~~often~~we ~~carrying~~have ~~more~~experienced ~~than~~in ~~one~~the ~~manufacturer’s~~past, ~~products.~~and ~~Independent~~could ~~dealers~~face ~~can~~again, ~~and~~the dodisruption of our distribution channel. For example, ~~change~~in recent fiscal years, the ~~brands~~availability ~~and~~of ~~manufacturers~~drivers ~~they~~in ~~sell~~Europe was negatively impacted by the military conflict in Ukraine. If future health emergencies, military conflicts or other circumstances that inhibit transportation of our products ~~are~~emerge ~~not~~in ~~perceived~~the byregions in which we operate or sell our products, the ~~independent~~network ~~dealers~~of ascarriers ~~being~~we ~~desirable~~rely ~~and~~on ~~profitable~~may ~~for~~have ~~them~~difficulty tofinding ~~carry~~drivers who are available, ~~the~~are ~~dealers~~willing ~~may~~to ~~terminate~~deliver ~~their~~in ~~relationship~~those ~~with~~regions ~~our~~or ~~operating~~governmental ~~subsidiaries~~agencies or other actors may ~~drop~~restrict ~~certain~~movement of goods in those regions. The inability to timely deliver our ~~brands,~~products ~~which~~to ~~would~~our inindependent ~~turn~~dealers could adversely affect our ~~sales~~relationships ~~and~~with ~~profit~~those ~~margins~~dealers ifand wenegatively ~~are~~impact ~~unable~~our tosales ~~replace~~and ~~those~~net ~~dealers~~income.

In the United States and Canada, our products are generally delivered to our independent dealers via a system of independent transportation contractors. The network of carriers is limited, and in times of high demand and limited availability, we have experienced in the past, and could face again, the disruption of our distribution channel. If future health emergencies or other circumstances that inhibit transportation of our products emerge in the regions in which we operate or sell our products, transportation contractors may have difficulty finding drivers who are willing to deliver in those regions, or governmental agencies or other actors may restrict movement of goods in those regions. The inability to timely deliver our products to our independent dealers could adversely affect our relationships with those dealers and negatively impact our sales and net income.

Interruption of information systems service or misappropriation or breach of our information systems could cause disruption to our operations, disclosure of confidential or personal information or cause damage to our reputation.

Our business relies on information systems and other technology (“information systems”), some of which are managed or hosted by third parties, to support aspects of our global business operations, including, but not limited to, procurement, supply chain management, manufacturing, design, distribution, invoicing, financial transactions with banks and financing institutions and other transactions with various third-party providers. We also use information systems to accumulate, analyze and report our operational results. In connection with our use of information systems, we obtain, create and maintain confidential and personal information. Additionally, we rely upon information systems in our marketing and communication efforts. Due to our reliance on our information systems, we have established various levels of security as well as backup and disaster recovery procedures. Despite our security measures and business continuity plans, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage, disruption or shutdowns caused by cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored attacks, computer viruses, malware, ransomware, phishing attacks or breaches due to errors or malfeasance by employees and others who have access, or gain access, to these systems. The occurrence of any of these events could compromise the confidentiality, operational integrity and accessibility of these systems and the data that resides within them and our business processes and operations may be negatively impacted in the event of a substantial or prolonged disruption of service caused by such events. THOR, along with others within the RV industry, including suppliers, dealers and third-party providers, have been the target of cyber-attacks in the past, and such attacks are expected to continue and evolve in the future. While we continually employ capabilities, processes and other security measures designed to reduce and mitigate the risk of cyber-attacks, we rely on our suppliers, independent dealers and third-party providers to do the same for their operations; however, we may not be aware of all vulnerabilities and such preventative measures cannot provide absolute security and may not be sufficient in all circumstances to mitigate all potential risks.

~~The~~Interruption ~~methods~~of ~~and technologies used to obtain unauthorized access to our~~ information systems ~~are~~service ~~constantly~~or ~~changing~~misappropriation asor ~~are~~breach ~~laws~~of ~~and regulations concerning data protection and privacy. While we have implemented and regularly review robust security measures and processes designed to prevent and detect unauthorized access to~~ our information systems, wecould ~~may~~cause ~~not~~disruption ~~be able~~ to ~~anticipate~~our ~~and effectively prevent unauthorized access or data loss in the future. The misuse~~operations, ~~leakage,~~disclosure ~~unauthorized~~of ~~access~~confidential or ~~falsification~~personal of information ~~could~~or ~~result~~cause ~~in a violation of privacy laws, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and laws applicable in North America and the United States, and~~ damage to our reputation ~~which could, in turn, have a significant, negative impact on our results of operations, as a result of fines, remediation costs or other direct or indirect ramifications~~.

Our business relies on information systems and other technology (“information systems”), some of which are managed or hosted by third parties, to support aspects of our global business operations, including, but not limited to, procurement, supply chain management, manufacturing, design, distribution, invoicing, financial transactions with banks and financing institutions and other transactions with various third-party providers. We also use information systems to accumulate, analyze and report our operational results. In connection with our use of information systems, we obtain, create and maintain confidential and personal information. Additionally, we rely upon information systems in our marketing and communication efforts. Due to our reliance on our information systems, we have established various levels of security as well as backup and disaster recovery procedures. Despite devoting significant resources to our cybersecurity program and business continuity plans, we are at risk for interruptions, outages and compromises of our information technology systems caused by cyber-attacks, including state-sponsored attacks, computer viruses, malware, ransomware, phishing attacks or breaches due to errors or malfeasance by employees and others who have access, or gain access, to these systems. The occurrence of any of these events could compromise the confidentiality, operational integrity and accessibility of these systems and the data that resides within them and our business processes and operations may be negatively impacted in the event of a substantial or prolonged disruption of service caused by such events.

THOR, along with others within the RV industry, including suppliers, dealers and third-party providers, have been the target of cyber-attacks in the past, and such attacks are expected to continue and evolve in the future. While we continually employ capabilities, processes and other security measures designed to reduce and mitigate the risk of cyber-attacks, and have requirements for our suppliers and service providers to do the same; we may not be aware of all vulnerabilities and such preventative measures cannot provide absolute security and may not be sufficient in all circumstances to mitigate all potential risks. A cybersecurity incident involving us or one of our suppliers or service providers could impact our production, internal operations, business strategy, results of operations, financial condition or our ability to deliver products to our customers. Moreover, a cybersecurity incident could harm our reputation, cause customers to lose trust in our security measures and/or subject us to regulatory actions or litigation, which may result in fines, penalties, judgments or injunctions.

The methods and technologies used to obtain unauthorized access to our information systems are constantly changing as are laws and regulations concerning data protection and privacy. We employ capabilities, processes and other security measures we believe are reasonably designed to detect, reduce and mitigate the risk of cybersecurity incidents, however, we may not be aware of all vulnerabilities or might not accurately assess the risks of incidents, and such preventative measures cannot provide absolute security and may not be sufficient in all circumstances or mitigate all potential risks, including the loss or disclosure of sensitive information. The misuse, leakage, unauthorized access of information could result in a violation of privacy laws, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and laws applicable in North America and the United States, which could, in turn, have a significant, negative impact on our results of operations, as a result of fines, remediation costs or other direct or indirect ramifications.

Our U.S.-based operations are primarily centered in northern Indiana.

The majority of our U.S. operations are located in northern Indiana, which is home to a large proportion of the ~~U.S.~~North American RV industry. The concentration of our operations in northern Indiana creates certain risks, including those listed below which we have experienced in the past and may experience in the future:

•Competition for workers skilled in the industry, especially during times of low unemployment or periods of high demand for RVs, which has in the past, and may, in the future, increase the cost of our labor or limit the speed at which we can respond to changes in consumer demand;

•Retention and recruitment challenges as employees with industry knowledge and experience have been, and may continue to be, attracted to other positions or opportunities within or external to the RV industry, and their ability to change employers is relatively easy; ~~and~~

•The potential for greater adverse impact from natural disasters, such as weather-related events and public health emergencies.; and

•The potential for new start-up RV manufactures to gain traction as the region has a skilled and knowledgeable workforce and many key suppliers are situated within the region as well.

In addition, a number of our key suppliers are also located in northern Indiana and are impacted by similar risks.

Adverse weather conditions and weather-related events could have a negative impact on our revenues.

Changes in seasonal weather conditions can have a significant effect on our operating and financial results. Sales of our products are typically stronger just before and during spring and summer, and favorable weather during these months generally has a positive effect on consumer demand. Severe weather events, such as flooding, tornados and hail, have had in the past and could have in the future, negative impacts on our operations due to disruptions to production. While we carry property and business interruption insurance to address such events, there is no guarantee that we will be able to fully insure such losses in the future. In addition, the long-term impact of weather-related events, such as rising temperatures and water scarcity, could impact our global manufacturing operations, which could impact our ability to manufacture products to fulfill customer demand. Additionally, the chronic, physical risks of temperature increases, rising sea levels and other gradual changes to the climate could adversely impact global ecosystems. This impact could potentially threaten the availability and existence of camping and RV facilities, thus, potentially limiting the use of our products and possibly impacting the future growth of our business.

LEGAL AND REGULATORY RISKS

Climate-related regulations and ongoing compliance requirements with chassis emissions standards designed to address climate change may result in additional required disclosures and related compliance costs, in both the U.S. and Europe.

Our operations and certain motorized products we sell are subject to rules limiting emissions and other climate-related regulations in certain jurisdictions where we operate or sell our products. The impacts of changing emissions and other related climate regulations (including revised emission standards applying to heavy-duty trucks by the EPA as well as zero-emission vehicle regulations such as the California Air Resources Board’s Advanced Clean Truck and Advanced Clean Fleet Regulations adopted in California and other U.S. jurisdictions) could result in different or more limited product offerings in those jurisdictions which may result in lower sales and material increased costs to the Company. Climate-related reporting regulations, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission’s final climate rules and litigation regarding its enforceability as well as the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, in the various jurisdictions in which our products are produced, used and/or sold could result in additional material costs of compliance. In addition, our towable products are generally towed by vehicles that would also be subject to emission and climate-related regulations. Concerns regarding climate change at numerous levels of government in various jurisdictions may lead to additional and potentially more stringent international, national, regional and local legislative and regulatory responses, and compliance with any new rules could be difficult and costly.

Adverse weather conditions and weather-related events could have a negative impact on our revenues and results of operations.

Natural disasters and changes in seasonal weather conditions can have a significant effect on our operating and financial results. Sales of our products are typically stronger just before and during spring and summer, and favorable weather during these months generally has a positive effect on consumer demand. Severe weather events, such as flooding, tornados, severe winter storms and hail have had, in the past and could have in the future, negative impacts on our operations due to disruptions to production and changes in demand. For example, in fiscal 2024, a weather event that included large damaging hail occurred at and around our Jackson Center, OH facilities. The hail resulted in significant roof damage to the motorized production facility and significant damage to inventory that was stored outside, primarily motorized chassis, but also some work in process and finished goods inventory. Due to the lack of motorized chassis, the motorized manufacturing plant was generally unable to produce units from the date of the incident throughout most of the fiscal 2024 fourth quarter. While we carry property and business interruption insurance to address such events, there is no guarantee that we will be able to fully insure such losses in the future. In addition, the long-term impact of weather-related events, such as rising temperatures and water scarcity, could impact our global manufacturing operations, which could impact our ability to manufacture products to fulfill customer demand. Additionally, the chronic, physical risks of temperature increases, rising sea levels and other gradual changes to the climate could adversely impact global ecosystems. This impact could potentially threaten the availability and existence of camping and RV facilities, thus, potentially limiting the demand for our products and possibly impacting the future growth of our business.

LEGAL AND REGULATORY RISKS

Climate-related regulations and ongoing compliance requirements with chassis emissions standards designed to address climate change in both North America and Europe may result in additional required disclosures and related compliance costs, or limit the use of our products in certain areas.

Our operations and certain motorized products we sell are subject to rules limiting emissions and other climate-related regulations in certain jurisdictions where we operate or sell our products. The impacts of changing emissions and other related climate regulations (including revised emission standards applying to heavy-duty trucks by the EPA as well as zero-emission vehicle regulations such as the California Air Resources Board’s Advanced Clean Truck and Advanced Clean Fleet Regulations adopted in California and other U.S. jurisdictions) could result in different or more limited product offerings in those jurisdictions which may result in lower sales and significantly higher costs to the Company. Climate-related reporting regulations, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission’s final climate rules and litigation regarding its enforceability as well as the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, in the various jurisdictions in which our products are produced, used and/or sold could result in additional material costs of compliance. In addition, our towable products are generally towed by vehicles that would also be subject to emission and climate-related regulations. Concerns regarding climate change at numerous levels of government in various jurisdictions may lead to additional and potentially more stringent international, national, regional and local legislative and regulatory responses, and compliance with any new rules could be difficult and costly.

Climate change regulation combined with public sentiment could result in reduced demand for our products, higher energy and fuel prices or carbon taxes, limitations on where we can produce or sell our products, limitations on where our products can be used or other restrictions or costs, all of which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Furthermore, we obtain motorized chassis from a number of different chassis suppliers who are required to comply with strict emission standards. As governmental agencies revise those standards, the chassis manufacturers must comply within the timeframes established. Uncertainties created by continued emission standards compliance requirements or the adoption of revised emission standards include the ability of the chassis manufacturer to comply with such standards on a timely and ongoing basis as well as the ability to produce sufficient quantities of compliant chassis to meet our demand. In the past, certain chassis manufacturers have experienced difficulties in meeting one or both of these requirements. In addition, revisions to chassis by the suppliers often impact our engineering and production processes and may result in increased chassis costs and/or other costs to us.

Increased public attention to environmental, social and governance matters may expose us to negative public perception, impose additional costs on our business or impact our stock price.

~~Recently~~In recent years, increased attention ishas ~~being~~been directed towards publicly traded companies regarding environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters. A failure, or perceived failure, to achieve stated ESG goals, respond to regulatory requirements or meet investor or customer expectations related to ESG concerns could cause harm to our business and reputation. For example, our RV products are powered by gasoline and diesel engines or are required to be towed by gasoline or diesel-powered vehicles. Government, media or activist pressure to limit emissions could negatively impact consumers’ perceptions of our products which could have a material adverse effect on our business, and the actions taken by governments and other actors to reduce emissions could impose costs that could materially affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Additionally, while we strive to create an inclusive culture and workforce where everyone feels valued and respected, a failure, or perceived failure, to properly address inclusivity matters could result in reputational harm, reduced sales or an inability to attract and retain a talented workforce.

Organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and other matters have developed rating systems for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG. Unfavorable ESG ratings may lead to negative investor sentiment which could have a negative impact on our stock price.

More stringent privacy, data use, data protection and artificial intelligence laws and regulations as well as consumers’ heightened expectations to safeguard their personal information may have an adverse impact on our business.

We are subject to laws, rules and regulations in the United States and other countries (such as the European Union’s and the U.K.’s General Data Protection Regulations and the California Consumer Privacy Act) relating to the collection, use, cross-border data transfer and security of personal information of consumers, employees or others, including laws that may require the Company to notify regulators and affected individuals of a data security incident. Existing and newly developed laws and regulations may contain broad definitions of personal information, are subject to change, are subject to uncertain interpretations by courts and regulators and may be inconsistent from state to state or country to country. Accordingly, complying with such laws and regulations may lead to a decline in consumer engagement or cause us to incur substantial costs to modify our business practices. Moreover, regulatory actions seeking to impose significant financial penalties for noncompliance and/or legal actions (including pursuant to laws providing for private rights of action by consumers) could be brought against the Company in the event of a data compromise, misuse of consumer information or perceived or actual non-compliance with data protection, privacy or artificial intelligence requirements. The rapid evolution and increased adoption of artificial intelligence technologies may intensify these risks. Further, any unauthorized release of personal information could harm our reputation, disrupt our business, cause us to expend significant resources and lead to a loss of consumer confidence resulting in an adverse impact on our business.

Our business is subject to numerous national, regional, federal, state and local regulations in the various countries in which we operate, sell and/or use our products.

Our operations are subject to numerous national, regional, federal, state and local regulations governing the manufacture and sale of our products, including various vehicle and component safety and compliance standards. In various jurisdictions, governmental agencies require a manufacturer to recall and repair vehicles which contain certain hazards or defects. Any recalls of our products, voluntary or involuntary, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and could harm our reputation. Additionally, changes in policy, regulations or the imposition of additional regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business.

21Our U.S. operations are also subject to federal and numerous state consumer protection and unfair trade practice laws and regulations relating to the sale, transportation and marketing of motor vehicles, including so-called “lemon laws.” U.S. federal and state, as well as various European laws and regulations, impose upon vehicle operators’ various restrictions on the weight, length and width of motor vehicles that may be operated in certain jurisdictions or on certain roadways. Certain jurisdictions also prohibit the sale of vehicles exceeding length restrictions. U.S. federal and state, as well as various European, authorities have environmental control standards relating to air, water, noise pollution and hazardous waste generation and disposal which affect our business and operations. Numerous other U.S. and European laws and regulations affect a wide range of the Company’s activities. A suggestion of or an investigation into potential violations of the laws and regulations to which our business or operations are subject could lead to significant penalties, including restraints on our export or import privileges, monetary fines, criminal or civil proceedings and regulatory or other actions that could materially adversely affect our operating results.

Our U.S. operations are also subject to federal and numerous state consumer protection and unfair trade practice laws and regulations relating to the sale, transportation and marketing of motor vehicles, including so-called “lemon laws”. U.S. federal and state, as well as various European laws and regulations, impose upon vehicle operators’ various restrictions on the weight, length and width of motor vehicles that may be operated in certain jurisdictions or on certain roadways. Certain jurisdictions also prohibit the sale of vehicles exceeding length restrictions. U.S. federal and state, as well as various European, authorities have environmental control standards relating to air, water, noise pollution and hazardous waste generation and disposal which affect our business and operations. Numerous other U.S. and European laws and regulations affect a wide range of the Company’s activities. A suggestion of or an investigation into potential violations of the laws and regulations to which our business or operations are subject could lead to significant penalties, including restraints on our export or import privileges, monetary fines, criminal or civil proceedings and regulatory or other actions that could materially adversely affect our operating results. 22

We are also subject, in the ordinary course of business, to litigation and claims arising from numerous labor and employment laws and regulations, including potential class action claims arising from alleged violations of such laws and regulations. Any liability arising from such claims would not ordinarily fall within the scope of our insurance coverages. An adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on operating results.

Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could delay or prevent a change of control.

Certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Amended and Restated By-Laws and the Delaware General Corporation Law may have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or prevent a merger, acquisition, tender offer, takeover attempt or other change of control transaction that a stockholder might consider in its best interest, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders.

These provisions provide for, among other things:

•The ability of our Board of Directors to issue one or more series of preferred stock without further stockholder action;

•Advance notice for nominations of directors by stockholders and for stockholders to present matters to be considered at our annual meetings;

•Certain limitations on convening special stockholder meetings;

•A requirement of the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of our shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors voting as a single class to remove a director without cause;

•A requirement that any “business combination,” as defined in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, that has not been approved or authorized by 75% of our directors then in office be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of our shares entitled to vote generally for the election of directors, voting as a single class; and

•The prohibition on engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for three years after the time at which a person became an interested stockholder unless certain conditions are met, as set forth in Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

These anti-takeover provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if the third party’s offer may be considered beneficial by many of our stockholders. As a result, our stockholders may be limited in their ability to obtain a premium for their shares.

FINANCIAL RISKS

Changes in tax rates, tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities or tariffs could have a negative impact on our results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, dividend payments or strategic plans.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our domestic and international tax liabilities are dependent upon the location of earnings among, and the applicable tax rates in, these different jurisdictions. Tax rates in various jurisdictions in which we operate or sell our products may increase to fund past or future governmental programs. The United States or other governmental authorities may adjust tax rates, impose new income taxes or indirect taxes or revise interpretations of existing tax rules and regulations.

Our effective income tax rate could also be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in statutory rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities or changes in tax laws or their interpretation. If our effective tax rate were to increase, or if the ultimate determination of our taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our operating results, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected, which, in turn, could negatively impact the availability of cash for dividend payments or our strategic plans.

In addition, the potential for the imposition of new or additional U.S. tariffs on imports as well as potential retaliatory tariffs or other measures certain other countries may impose on U.S. imports has increased with the current U.S. federal administration. These actions could increase our cost of goods sold and negatively impact our business and operating results. We may not be able to mitigate the effects of any tariffs without negatively impacting our competitive position and customers’ demand for our products. Supply chain disruptions and delays as a result of any new tariff policies or trade restrictions could also negatively impact our cost of materials, production processes and financial results.

As is customary, we have executed repurchase agreements with numerous lending institutions who finance certain of our independent dealers’ purchases of our products.

In accordance with customary practice in the RV industry, upon the request of a lending institution financing an independent dealer’s purchase of our products, we will generally execute a repurchase agreement with the lending institution. Repurchase agreements provide that, typically for a period of up to 18 months after a recreational vehicle is financed and in the event of default by the dealer, we will repurchase the recreational vehicle repossessed by the lending institution for the amount then due, which is usually less than 100% of the dealer’s cost. In addition to the obligations under these repurchase agreements, we may also be required to repurchase inventory relative to dealer terminations in certain states in accordance with state laws or regulatory requirements.

22The difference between the gross repurchase price and the price at which the repurchased product can then be resold, which is typically at a discount to the original sale price, is an expense to us. Thus, if we are obligated to repurchase a substantial number of recreational vehicles or incur substantial discounting to resell these units in the future, we would incur increased costs and our profit margins, results of operations and cash flows would be negatively affected. In difficult economic times, this amount could increase significantly compared to other years.

The difference between the gross repurchase price and the price at which the repurchased product can then be resold, which is typically at a discount to the original sale price, is an expense to us. Thus, if we are obligated to repurchase a substantial number of recreational vehicles or incur substantial discounting to resell these units in the future, we would incur increased costs and our profit margins and results of operations would be negatively affected. In difficult economic times, this amount could increase significantly compared to other years.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our domestic and international tax liabilities are dependent upon the location of earnings among, and the applicable tax rates in, these different jurisdictions. Tax rates in various jurisdictions in which we operate or sell our products may increase to fund past or future governmental programs. The United States or other governmental authorities may adjust tax rates, impose new income taxes or indirect taxes, or revise interpretations of existing tax rules and regulations. Further, the outcome of future elections and the associated political party with power to enact legislation could make tax increases more likely and more severe.

We could incur impairment charges for goodwill, intangible assets, equity investments or other long-lived assets.

We have a material amount of goodwill, intangible assets, equity investments and other long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment. At least annually, we review goodwill for impairment. Long-lived assets, equity investments, identifiable intangible assets and goodwill are also reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable from future cash flows. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, sale or disposition of a significant portion of the business or other factors. A non-cash impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the intangible or long-lived asset, asset group or reporting unit exceeds its fair value at the time of measurement. Our determination of future cash flows, future recoverability and fair value includes significant estimates and assumptions. Changes in those estimates or assumptions or lower-than-anticipated future financial performance may result in the identification of an impaired asset and a non-cash impairment charge, which could be material. Any such charge could adversely affect our operating results ~~and financial condition~~.

Our business is affected by the availability and terms of financing to independent dealers and retail purchasers.

Generally, independent recreational vehicle dealers finance their purchases of inventory with financing provided by lending institutions. A decrease in the availability of this type of wholesale financing, more restrictive lending practices or anhigh ~~increase~~costs ~~in the cost~~ of such wholesale financing has historically limited or prevented independent dealers from carrying normalized levels of inventory, which led to reduced demand for our products, lower sales, higher discounts to entice sales and an adverse impact to our results of operations.

The impact of ~~recent~~ inflation on consumer confidence, which historically has been highly correlated with RV retail sales, and the impact of inflation on the availability of discretionary funds of our end consumers, combined with ~~significantly~~ higher interest rates compared to ~~recent~~previous years impacting both our independent dealers and the end consumer, has had a negative impact on demand for our products at both the wholesale and retail levels in recent periods. Ongoing elevated interest rates or future substantial or sudden increases in interest rates and decreases in the general availability of credit could have an adverse impact on our independent dealers and therefore on our business and results of operations. A decrease in availability of consumer credit resulting from unfavorable economic conditions, or ongoing elevated interest rates or future additional increases in the cost of consumer credit, may cause consumers to reduce discretionary spending which could, in turn, reduce demand for our products and negatively affect our sales and profitability.

Two major floor plan financial institutions held approximately 50% of our products’ portion of our independent dealers’ total floored dollars outstanding at July 31, ~~2024~~2025. In the event that either of these lending institutions limit or discontinue dealer financing, we could experience a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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The Company’s debt arrangements and provisions in our debt agreements may make us more sensitive to the effects of economic downturns.

As of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, total gross outstanding debt was $1933,~~151~~812,~~279,~~ consisting of $~~594~~408,~~361~~159 outstanding on our term loan facility which matures on November 15, 2030; $500,000 of Senior Unsecured Notes due October 15, 2029 and $5625,~~918~~653 outstanding on other debt facilities with varying maturity dates through September 2032. Our loan documents contain restrictions which could prevent or restrict, in certain circumstances, operations, payment of dividends or incurrence of additional debt. In addition, we must make mandatory prepayments of principal under the term loan agreement upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including certain asset sales, debt issuance and generation of annual cash flows in excess of certain amounts. Our level of debt impacts our profit before tax and cash flows as a result of the interest expense and periodic debt and interest payments. In addition, our debt level could limit our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary, or increase borrowing costs on future debt if we are unable to replace existing debt with comparable new debt and may have the effect, among other things, of reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions, requiring us to use a portion of our cash flows to repay indebtedness and placing us at a disadvantage compared to competitors with lower debt obligations.

Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. If we do not generate sufficient cash flows to meet our debt service, capital investment and working capital requirements, we may need to fund those requirements with additional borrowings from the asset-based credit facility (“ABL”), reduce or cease our payments of dividends, reduce our level of capital investment and/or working capital or we may need to seek additional financing or sell assets.

Availability under the ABL agreement is subject to a borrowing base calculated based on a percentage of applicable eligible receivables and eligible inventory. As such, we may not have full access to our current ABL availability based on the actual borrowing base calculation at any future period.

Changes in market liquidity conditions, credit ratings and other factors may impact our access to future funding and the cost of debt.

Significant changes in market liquidity conditions and changes in our credit ratings could impact our access to future funding, if needed, and funding costs, which could negatively impact our earnings and cash flows. If general economic conditions deteriorate or capital markets are volatile, future funding, if needed, could be unavailable or insufficient. A debt crisis, particularly in the United States or Europe, could negatively impact currencies, global financial markets, social and political stability, funding sources, availability and costs, asset and obligation values, customers, suppliers, demand for our products and our operations and financial results. Financial market conditions could also negatively impact dealer or retail customer access to capital for purchases of our products and consumer confidence and purchase decisions which could, in turn, reduce demand for our products and have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our risk management policies and procedures may not be fully effective in achieving their purposes.

There is no assurance our monitoring and oversight activities to manage our enterprise risks will be fully effective in achieving their purpose and may leave exposure to identified or unidentified risks. Past or future misconduct by our employees or vendors could result in violations of law by us, regulatory sanctions and/or serious reputational or financial harm. The Company monitors its policies, procedures and controls; however, our policies, procedures and controls may not be sufficient to prevent all forms of misconduct. We review our compensation policies and practices as part of our overall enterprise risk management program, but it is possible that our compensation policies could incentivize inappropriate risk taking or misconduct. Such inappropriate risk taking or misconduct could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and/or our financial condition.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT, STRATEGY AND GOVERNANCE

Risk Management and Strategy

While cybersecurity risk can never be eliminated entirely, we devote significant resources to our cybersecurity program that we believe is reasonably designed to mitigate our cybersecurity and information technology (“IT”) risks—which include, among others, unauthorized access to and misappropriation of our information, corruption of data, intentional or unintentional disclosure of confidential information, or disruption of operations. Cybersecurity risk management processes have been integrated into the Company’s overall risk management system, including our ERM process. Threats to our cyber/digital landscape are regularly identified and then assessed in terms of their potential business impact. Mitigation strategies are developed based on our assessment of the potential business impact (both quantitatively and reputationally) of the threat. Because a cybersecurity threat can have implications beyond IT, the Company draws on cross-functional expertise to determine the potential business impact and proportional mitigation efforts or solutions. This expertise may involve third-party resources with functional expertise related to the specific threat or business impact. As part of our risk management profile, we regularly review available cybersecurity data regarding our business partners (suppliers, dealers, third-party service providers and others) and regularly engage with them on risk mitigation efforts.

Internally, among other things, we perform penetration tests, internal tests/code reviews, and simulations using cybersecurity professionals to assess vulnerabilities in our information systems and evaluate our cyber defense capabilities. We also perform phishing and social engineering simulations with, and provide cybersecurity training for, personnel with Company e-mail and access to Company assets.

When a cybersecurity incident is detected, our response is governed by our IT Security Incident Response Policy, providing a rigorous, standardized process to ensure efficacy of the response. In general, when a cybersecurity incident is identified, our policy requires an initial review and triage of the incident. When a cybersecurity incident is determined to be significant, it is brought to the attention of a cross-functional leadership team consisting of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Human Resources Officer and General Counsel and is addressed by that team, along with other internal stakeholders, using processes that leverage subject-matter expertise from across the Company. As with risk mitigation, we may engage third-party advisors, from time to time, as part of our incident response and management process. As part of our risk mitigation efforts, we also maintain cybersecurity insurance to defray the costs of potential information security breaches.

In fiscal ~~2024~~2025, THOR did not identify any material cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incident, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, despite the capabilities, processes, and other security measures we employ that we believe are designed to detect, reduce, and mitigate the risk of cybersecurity incidents, we may not be aware of all vulnerabilities or may not accurately assess the risks of incidents, and such preventive measures cannot provide absolute security and may not be sufficient in all circumstances or mitigate all potential risks. Moreover, we, our suppliers and our dealers have been the target of cybersecurity incidents in the past and may be subject to such incidents in the future. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion of cybersecurity risks.

Governance

The Company’s Audit Committee of our Board of Directors is charged with specific responsibility for overseeing risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Data Protection Officer provides the Audit Committee with ~~quarterly~~semi-annual reports on cybersecurity risks and any material cybersecurity incidents. In addition, our Data Protection Officer provides semi-annual reports directly to our Board of Directors. These regular updates include topics related to cybersecurity practices, cyber risks and risk management processes, such as updates to our cybersecurity programs and mitigation strategies, and other cybersecurity developments.

Reporting directly to our ~~Chief~~General ~~Operating Officer~~Counsel, our Data Protection Officer has primary day-to-day responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and oversees both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. With close to 25 years of experience in the fields of cybersecurity and data protection, our Data Protection Officer joined the Company in 2019.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

As of July 31, 2024, worldwide we owned or leased approximately 25,541,000 square feet of total manufacturing plant and office space. We believe that our present facilities, consisting primarily of steel clad, steel or wood frame and masonry construction, and the machinery and equipment contained in these facilities, are generally well maintained and in good condition. We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for their intended purposes and that we would be able to obtain replacements for our leased premises at acceptable costs should our leases not be renewed.

The following table describes the location, number and size of our principal manufacturing plants and other materially important physical properties as of July 31, 2024:

Locations – Applicable Segment(s)	Owned or Leased	No. ofBuildings	ApproximateBuilding Area Square Feet
United States:
Indiana – North American Towable Segment	Owned	83	5,999,000
Indiana – North American Towable Segment	Leased	1	124,000
Indiana – North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Owned	40	2,856,000
Indiana – North American Motorized Segment	Owned	18	1,200,000
Indiana – Corporate, North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Owned	25	1,490,000
Indiana – Corporate, North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Leased	1	1,000
Indiana – Other	Owned	4	341,000
Indiana – Other	Leased	14	1,148,000
Indiana Subtotal		186	13,159,000
Ohio – North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Owned	13	1,336,000
Alabama – North American Motorized Segment	Owned	28	1,100,000
Alabama – North American Motorized Segment	Leased	3	29,000
Mississippi – North American Motorized Segment	Owned	8	240,000
Mississippi – North American Motorized Segment	Leased	3	162,000
Michigan – North American Towable Segment	Owned	1	148,000
Michigan – North American Towable Segment	Leased	1	88,000
Michigan – Other	Owned	1	10,000
Michigan – Other	Leased	4	270,000
Idaho – North American Towable Segment	Owned	5	661,000
Oregon – North American Towable Segment	Owned	5	371,000
Other United States – Other	Owned	3	611,000
Other United States – Other	Leased	5	183,000
Other Subtotal		80	5,209,000
United States Subtotal		266	18,368,000
Europe:
Germany – European Segment	Owned	83	4,065,000
Germany – European Segment	Leased	33	1,283,000
Italy – European Segment	Owned	3	493,000
Italy – European Segment	Leased	6	256,000
Italy – Other	Leased	2	119,000
France – European Segment	Owned	6	313,000
Poland – European Segment	Owned	1	318,000
United Kingdom – European Segment	Owned	1	326,000
Europe Subtotal		135	7,173,000
Total		401	25,541,000

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

As of July 31, 2025, worldwide we owned or leased approximately 24,136,000 square feet of total manufacturing plant and office space. We believe that our present facilities, consisting primarily of steel clad, steel or wood frame and masonry construction, and the machinery and equipment contained in these facilities, are generally well maintained and in good condition. We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for their intended purposes and that we would be able to obtain replacements for our leased premises at acceptable costs should our leases not be renewed.

The following table describes the location, number and size of our principal manufacturing plants and other materially important physical properties as of July 31, 2025:


Locations – Applicable Segment(s)	Owned or Leased	No. of Buildings	Approximate Building Area Square Feet
United States:
Indiana – North American Towable Segment	Owned	76	5,441,000
Indiana – North American Towable Segment	Leased	1	124,000
Indiana – North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Owned	38	3,010,000
Indiana – North American Motorized Segment	Owned	17	1,150,000
Indiana – Corporate, North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Owned	24	1,537,000

Indiana – Other	Owned	5	562,000
Indiana – Other	Leased	11	788,000
Indiana Subtotal		172	12,612,000
Ohio – North American Towable and Motorized Segments	Owned	13	1,336,000
Alabama – North American Motorized Segment	Owned	29	1,100,000
Alabama – North American Motorized Segment	Leased	2	23,000
Mississippi – North American Motorized Segment	Owned	8	240,000
Mississippi – North American Motorized Segment	Leased	3	162,000
Michigan – North American Towable Segment	Owned	1	148,000

Michigan – Other	Owned	1	10,000
Michigan – Other	Leased	4	270,000
Idaho – North American Towable Segment	Owned	4	409,000
Oregon – North American Towable Segment	Owned	5	371,000
Other United States – Other	Owned	3	611,000
Other United States – Other	Leased	4	149,000
Other Subtotal		77	4,829,000
United States Subtotal		249	17,441,000
Europe:
Germany – European Segment	Owned	83	4,065,000
Germany – European Segment	Leased	28	835,000
Italy – European Segment	Owned	3	493,000
Italy – European Segment	Leased	5	226,000
Italy – Other	Leased	2	119,000
France – European Segment	Owned	6	313,000
Poland – European Segment	Owned	1	318,000
United Kingdom – European Segment	Owned	1	326,000
Europe Subtotal		129	6,695,000
Total		378	24,136,000

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is involved in certain litigation arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business, most of which is based upon state “lemon laws,” warranty claims and vehicle accidents in North America (for which the Company carries insurance above a specified self-insured retention or deductible amount). The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty. There is significant judgment required in assessing both the probability of an adverse outcome and the determination as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. In management’s opinion, the ultimate disposition of any current legal proceedings or claims against the Company will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Litigation is, however, inherently uncertain and an adverse outcome from such litigation could have a material effect on the operating results of a particular reporting period.

A product recall was issued in late fiscal 2021 related to certain purchased parts utilized in certain of our products, and an ~~accrued~~accrual ~~liability~~ to cover anticipated costs was established at that time. During fiscal 2022 through fiscal ~~2024~~2025, the accrual was adjusted quarterly based on developments involving the recall, including our expectations regarding the extent of vendor reimbursements and the estimated total cost of the recall. The Company has been, ~~and will continue to be,~~ reimbursed by the suppliers of the products for a portion of the costs itincurred ~~will incur~~ related to this recall. In addition, we accrued expenses during fiscal 2022 based on developments related to an ongoing investigation by certain German-based authorities regarding the adequacy of historical disclosures of vehicle weight in advertisements and other Company-provided marketing literature in Germany. Throughout fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2024, this accrual was adjusted quarterly, if necessary, based on developments involving this matter. The Company fully cooperated with the investigation, which was fully resolved, and related payments were made by the end of fiscal 2024 in an amount not materially different from the adjusted amounts previously accrued.

The Company does not believe there will be a material adverse impact to our future results of operations and cash flows due to these matters.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

2728

PART II

Unless otherwise indicated, all Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except per share data.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share (the “Common Stock”), is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “THO.”

Holders

As of September 16, ~~2024~~2025, the number of holders of record of the Common Stock was ~~136~~131.

Dividends

In fiscal ~~2024~~2025, we paid a $0.4850 per share dividend for each fiscal quarter. In fiscal ~~2023~~2024, we paid a $0.4548 per share dividend for each fiscal quarter.

The Company’s Board of Directors currently intends to continue regular quarterly cash dividend payments in the future. As is customary under credit facilities generally, certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends, are subject to the satisfaction of certain payment conditions prior to payment. The conditions for the payment of dividends under our existing debt facilities include a minimum level of adjusted excess cash availability and a fixed charge coverage ratio test, both as defined in the credit agreements. The declaration of future dividends and the establishment of the per share amounts, record dates and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the determination of the Board of Directors, and will be dependent upon future earnings, cash flows and other factors, in addition to compliance with any then-existing financing facilities.

2829

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company used $2550,~~353~~923 to purchase shares of common stock under its share repurchase authorizations. The Company’s total remaining authorization for common stock repurchases was $~~422~~379,~~820~~300 at July 31, ~~2024~~2025.

A summary of the Company’s share repurchases during the three months ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025 is set forth below:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
5/1/24 – 5/31/24	—	$	—	—	$	448,173
5/1/25 – 5/31/25	—	$	—	—	$	421,095
6/1/24 – 6/30/24	266,367	$	95.18	266,367	$	422,820
6/1/25 – 6/30/25	453,116	$	88.98	453,116	$	389,903
7/1/24 – 7/31/24	—	$	—	—	$	422,820
7/1/25 – 7/31/25	117,242	$	90.44	117,242	$	379,300
	266,367			266,367
	570,358			570,358

(1)On December 21, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors ("the Board") authorized Company management to utilize up to $250,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through December 21, 2024. On June 24, 2022, the Board authorized Company management to utilize up to an additional $448,321 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock through July 31, 2025. ~~Under~~On June 18, 2025, the ~~two~~Board retired the Company's existing share repurchase ~~authorizations~~authorization, which was set to expire on July 31, 2025, and authorized the Company's management to utilize up to $400,000 to purchase shares of the Company's common stock beginning on June 18, 2025 and extending through July 31, 2027. Under the June 18, 2025 repurchase authorization, the Company is authorized to repurchase, on a discretionary basis and from time-to-time, outstanding shares of its common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including pursuant to a repurchase plan administered in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing and amount of share repurchases will be determined at the discretion of the Company’s management team based upon the market price of the stock, management’s evaluation of general market and economic conditions, cash availability and other factors. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time, and the Company has no obligation to repurchase any amount of its common stock under this program. During the three months ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company purchased ~~266~~570,~~367~~358 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $9589.1828 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $2550,~~353~~923, ~~entirely~~with 229,766 shares, or $20,700, from the June 18, 2025 authorization and 340,592 shares, or $30,223, from the June 24, 2022 authorization. During the twelve months ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company purchased ~~720~~586,~~997~~558 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $9489.8576 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $6852,~~387~~647, with ~~453~~229,~~194~~766 shares, or $4220,~~886~~700, ~~coming~~ from the ~~December~~June 2118, ~~2021~~2025 authorization and ~~267~~356,~~803~~792 shares, or $2531,~~501~~947, ~~coming~~ from the June 24, 2022 authorization. Since the inception of the initial December 21, 2021 authorization, the Company has purchased 3,~~214~~801,~~772~~330 shares of its common stock, at various times in the open market, at a weighted-average price of $8586.7032 and held them as treasury shares at an aggregate purchase price of $~~275~~328,~~501~~148. As of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~there~~the ~~are~~December no21, ~~remaining~~2021 ~~shares~~authorization ofhad expired and the Company’'s ~~common~~Board ~~stock~~of ~~that~~Directors ~~may~~has beretired ~~repurchased under~~ the ~~December~~June 2124, ~~2021~~2022 authorization~~. As of July 31~~, ~~2024,~~and the remaining amount of the Company’s common stock that may be repurchased under the June 2418, ~~2022~~2025 authorization expiring on July 31, ~~2025~~2027 is $~~422~~379,~~820~~300.

Equity Compensation Plan Information – see Item 12.

ITEM 6. (RESERVED)

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Unless otherwise indicated, all Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands except per share data.

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Report.

The discussion below is a comparison of the results of operations and changes in financial condition for the fiscal years ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024. The comparison of, and changes between, the fiscal years ended July 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 can be found within “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, ~~2023~~2024, as filed with the SEC on September 2524, ~~2023~~2024.

Executive Summary

We were founded in 1980 and have grown to become the largest manufacturer of recreational vehicles (“RVs”) in the world based on units sold and revenue. We are also the largest manufacturer of RVs in North America, and one of the largest manufacturers of RVs in Europe. In North America, according to Statistical Surveys, Inc. (“Stat Surveys”), for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025, THOR’s current combined U.S. and Canadian market share based on units was approximately 4039.21% for travel trailers and fifth wheels combined and approximately 4748.23% for motorhomes. In Europe, according to the European Caravan Federation (“ECF”), EHG’s current market share for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025 based on units was approximately 2526.31% for motorcaravans and campervans combined and approximately 1817.3% for caravans.

Our business model includes decentralized operating units, and our RV products are primarily sold to independent, non-franchise dealers who, in turn, retail those products. The Company also sells component parts to both RV and other original equipment manufacturers, including aluminum extruded components, and sells aftermarket component parts through dealers and retailers. Our growth has been achieved both organically and through acquisition, and our strategy is designed to increase our profitability by driving innovation, servicing our customers, manufacturing quality products, improving the efficiencies of our facilities and making strategic growth acquisitions.

We generally do not finance dealers directly, but we do provide repurchase agreements to the dealers’ floor plan lenders.

We generally have financed our growth through a combination of internally generated cash flows from operations and, when needed, outside credit facilities. Capital acquisitions of $~~139~~121,~~617~~616 in fiscal ~~2024~~2025 were made primarily for purchases of land, production building additions and improvements and replacing machinery and equipment used in the ordinary course of business. See Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for capital acquisitions by segment. ~~Ongoing~~The ~~supply chain constraints, particularly chassis delivery sequence issues within our European operations, have and could continue to~~ impact ~~our business and our consolidated financial results and financial position. In addition, the impact~~ of ~~recent inflation on~~ consumer confidence, which historically has been highly correlated with RV retail sales, and the impact of inflation on the availability of discretionary funds of our end consumers, combined with ~~significantly~~ higher interest rates compared to recent years impacting both our independent dealers and the end consumer, had a negative impact on demand for our products at both the wholesale and retail levels during fiscal ~~2024~~2025, particularly in North America, and are expected to continue to impact the remainder of calendar year ~~2024~~2025 and into calendar 2026. These risks to our business are more fully described in Part 1, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Report.

Significant Fiscal 2025 Events

Tax Reform

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBB”) was signed into law on July 4, 2025. The OBBB includes a broad range of tax reform provisions affecting businesses including, but not limited to, 100% bonus depreciation, expensing of U.S.-based research and development costs, interest expense deduction limitations and changes to international tax provisions. The most relevant impact to the Company for fiscal 2025 is the 100% bonus depreciation for qualified property placed in service after January 19, 2025. The other relevant provisions of the OBBB will impact the Company in fiscal years 2026 and 2027. For fiscal year 2026, the Company will have the option to accelerate its previously capitalized and unamortized U.S. research and development costs over a one or two-year period. Changes to the international provisions will impact the Company in fiscal year 2027.

Significant Fiscal 2024 Events

Refinancing of Credit Agreements

On November 15, 2023, the Company entered into amendments to both its term loan and ABL agreements to extend maturities and lower the applicable margins used to determine the interest rate on the U.S. dollar-denominated loan tranche. The maturity date for the term loan was extended from February 1, 2026 to November 15, 2030. Covenants and other material provisions of the term loan agreement remain materially unchanged. Pursuant to the ABL amendment, the maturity date for loans under the ABL agreement was extended from September 1, 2026 to November 15, 2028. Maximum availability under the ABL remains at $1,000,000 and the applicable margin, covenants and other material provisions of the ABL remain materially unchanged. As a result of these amendments and associated maturity date extensions, the Company recognized total expense of $14,741 in fiscal 2024.

31Subsequently, on July 1, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to its term loan to modify the applicable margins used to determine the interest rate on both the U.S. dollar-denominated loans and Euro-denominated loans. The U.S. dollar interest rate under the amended agreement was reduced by 0.50% so that the applicable margin for Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”)-based loans is now 1.25% and for Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)-based loans is 2.25%. In addition, the applicable margin for the Euro loan interest rate was reduced by 0.25% so that the applicable margin for the EURIBOR-based loans is 2.75%.

Subsequently, on July 1, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to its term loan to modify the applicable margins used to determine the interest rate on both the U.S. dollar-denominated loans and Euro-denominated loans. The U.S. dollar interest under the amended agreement was reduced by 0.50% so that the applicable margin for Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”)-based loans is now 1.25% and for Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)-based loans is 2.25%. In addition, the applicable margin for the Euro loan interest was reduced by 0.25% so that the applicable margin for the EURIBOR-based loans is 2.75%.

North American RV Industry

The Company monitors industry conditions in the North American RV market using a number of resources including its own performance tracking and modeling. The Company also considers monthly wholesale shipment data as reported by the RV Industry Association (“RVIA”), which is typically issued on a one-month lag and represents manufacturers’ North American RV production and delivery to dealers. In addition, we monitor monthly North American retail sales trends as reported by Stat Surveys, whose data is typically issued on a month-and-a-half lag. The Company believes that monthly RV retail sales data is important as consumer purchases impact future dealer orders and ultimately our production and net sales.

North American RV independent dealer inventory of our North American RV products as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 decreased 142.3% to approximately 7573,~~000~~300 units from approximately 8775,~~500~~000 units as of July 31, 2023. During fiscal 2023, particularly in the second half of fiscal 2023, retail sales began to slow, and carrying costs for dealers increased significantly due to inflationary cost increases and the rapid increase in floor plan interest rates during that period. These factors, among others, combined to cause dealers to reduce the number of units they carried as of July 31, 2024.

As of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, we believe North American dealer inventory levels for most products are generally ~~at,~~in orline ~~slightly~~with ~~higher than,~~ the levels that dealers are comfortable stocking given the current retail sales levels and associated carrying costs. We believe dealers will continue to closely evaluate the unit stocking levels that they will elect to carry in future periods, which may be less than historical unit stocking levels, due to a combination of factors such as current retail activity, current RV wholesale prices as well as current interest rates and other carrying costs.

THOR’s total North American RV backlog as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 ~~decreased~~increased $~~669~~200,~~701~~352, or 3315.51%, to $1,~~329~~529,~~282~~634 from $1,~~998~~329,~~983~~282 as of July 31, ~~2023.~~2024, ~~The~~with ~~decrease~~the inincrease ~~backlog~~driven is primarily aby ~~result~~an ofincrease ~~a reduction~~ in ~~recent~~North ~~orders~~American ~~from~~Motorized ~~dealers~~backlog, ~~mainly~~which ~~for~~was ~~motorized~~adversely ~~products,~~impacted ~~which~~at weJuly ~~believe~~31, is2024 ~~due~~by to lower retail sales and dealer and consumer concerns over ~~current~~higher interest costs ~~and~~at ~~other~~that ~~carrying costs compared to the prior-year period~~time.

North American Industry Wholesale Statistics

Key wholesale statistics for the North American RV industry, as reported by RVIA for the periods indicated, are as follows:

U.S. and Canada Wholesale Unit Shipments

Six Months Ended June 30,

Increase

2024

2023

(Decrease)

Change

2025

2024

(Decrease)

Change

North American Towable units

~~159~~172,~~407~~041

~~139~~159,~~337~~407

2012,~~070~~634

147.49

North American Motorized units

1918,~~189~~664

2519,~~493~~189

(~~6,304~~525)

(242.7)

Total

~~178~~190,~~596~~705

~~164~~178,~~830~~596

1312,~~766~~109

86.48

In September ~~2024~~2025, RVIA ~~issued~~reconfirmed aits ~~revised~~June 2025 forecast for calendar year ~~2024~~2025 North American wholesale unit shipments. Under a most likely scenario, towable and motorized unit shipments are projected to increase to approximately ~~289~~303,~~800~~100 and 3433,~~300~~800, respectively, for an annual total of approximately ~~324~~337,~~100~~000 units, up 31.50% from the ~~2023~~2024 calendar year wholesale shipments. The RVIA most likely forecast for calendar year ~~2024~~2025 could range from a lower estimate of approximately ~~311~~320,~~600~~400 total units to an upper estimate of approximately ~~336~~353,~~600~~500 units.

As part of their September ~~2024~~2025 forecast, RVIA also issued ~~a downward revision of~~ their initial ~~June 2024~~ estimates for calendar year ~~2025~~2026 wholesale unit shipments. In the most likely scenario, towable and motorized unit shipments are projected to increase to an approximated annual total of ~~346~~349,~~100~~300 units, or 63.86% higher than the most likely scenario for calendar year ~~2024~~2025 wholesale shipments. This calendar year ~~2025~~2026 most likely forecast could range from a lower estimate of approximately ~~329~~332,~~900~~400 total units to an upper estimate of approximately ~~362~~366,~~300~~100 units. RVIA stated the primary reason for the ~~downward~~forecasted ~~revision~~increase ofin ~~their~~wholesale ~~calendar~~unit ~~year~~shipments ~~2025~~during ~~wholesale~~calendar ~~unit~~year ~~shipments~~2026 is ~~the~~their ~~unfavorable~~expectation ~~impact~~for ofthe ~~persistently~~RV ~~elevated~~industry ~~interest~~to ~~rates~~transition onto ~~retail~~a ~~sales~~period ~~causing~~of aaccelerating ~~delay~~growth in the ~~anticipated~~latter ~~recovery~~half of ~~wholesale~~the ~~shipments.~~calendar year, supported by improved consumer finances and anticipated dealer replenishment activity.

North American Industry Retail Statistics

We believe that retail demand is the key to growth in the North American RV industry~~, and that annual North American RV industry wholesale shipments will return to typical seasonal patterns as dealer inventory levels and consumer demand become more balanced~~.

Key retail statistics for the North American RV industry, as reported by Stat Surveys for the periods indicated, are as follows:

U.S. and Canada Retail Unit Registrations

Six Months Ended June 30,

Increase

2024

2023

(Decrease)

Change

2025

2024

(Decrease)

Change

North American Towable units

166,~~760~~013

~~186~~169,~~292~~013

(193,~~532~~000)

(101.58)

North American Motorized units

2119,~~382~~665

2521,~~584~~697

(42,~~202~~032)

(169.4)

Total

~~188~~185,~~142~~678

~~211~~190,~~876~~710

(235,~~734~~032)

(~~11.~~2.6)

Note: Data reported by Stat Surveys is based on official state and provincial records. This information is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various states or provinces.

~~While~~We we anticipate that near-term demand will be influenced by many factors, including consumer confidence and the level of consumer spending on discretionary products,. weWe believe future retail demand over the longer term will ~~exceed~~grow ~~historical,~~from ~~pre-pandemic~~the current levels. Weas consumer confidence and general economic conditions improve, as we believe interest in the RV lifestyle remains high as consumers continue to value the perceived benefits offered by the RV lifestyle, which provides people with the ability to connect with loved ones and nature as well as the potential to get away for short, frequent breaks or longer adventures.

Company North American Wholesale Statistics

The Company’s wholesale RV shipments, for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, to correspond with the industry wholesale periods noted above, were as follows:

U.S. and Canada Wholesale Unit Shipments

Six Months Ended June 30,

Increase

2024

2023

(Decrease)

Change

2025

2024

(Decrease)

Change

North American Towable units

6266,~~507~~101

5362,~~148~~507

93,~~359~~594

175.67

North American Motorized units

89,~~974~~947

118,~~491~~974

~~(2,517)~~973

~~(21~~10.9)8

Total

7176,~~481~~048

6471,~~639~~481

64,~~842~~567

~~10.~~6.4

Company North American Retail Statistics

Retail statistics of the Company’s RV products, as reported by Stat Surveys, for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, to correspond with the industry retail periods noted above, were as follows:

U.S. and Canada Retail Unit Registrations

Six Months Ended June 30,

Increase

2024

2023

(Decrease)

Change

2025

2024

(Decrease)

Change

North American Towable units

6563,~~216~~482

7766,~~242~~007

(122,~~026~~525)

(153.68)

North American Motorized units

109,~~102~~493

1210,~~552~~263

(~~2,450~~770)

(197.5)

Total

7572,~~318~~975

8976,~~794~~270

(143,~~476~~295)

(164.13)

North American Outlook

Historically, RV industry sales have been impacted by a number of economic conditions faced by RV dealers, and ultimately retail consumers, such as the ~~rate~~level of ~~unemployment~~consumer confidence, the rate of ~~inflation~~unemployment, the ~~level~~rate of ~~consumer confidence~~inflation, the disposable income of consumers, interest rates, credit availability, the health of the housing market, tax rates and fuel availability and prices. We believe these factors will continue to affect retail sales in ~~our~~ fiscal ~~2025~~2026. In addition, due to inflationary pressures, including the impact of higher tariffs, current interest rates and other factors, we believe that RV dealers will be continuously reevaluating their desired stocking levels, which may result in lower than historical dealer inventory stocking levels on a unit basis, particularly in the fall and winter months which historically are lower retail sales periods. It is difficult to predict the extent to which any or all of these factors will impact the RV industry or our business in a particular future period, however, we currently believe the remainder of calendar ~~year~~2025 ~~2024~~ will continue to be negatively impacted by these factors.

Despite the continuing near-term challenges, we remain optimistic about the future ~~growth~~of in North American retail sales in the long term, as there are many factors driving product interest. Surveys conducted by THOR, RVIA and others show that Americans of all generations love the freedom of the outdoors and the enrichment that comes with living an active lifestyle. RVs allow people to be in control of their travel experiences, going where they want, when they want and with the people they want. The RV units we design, produce and sell allow people to spend time outdoors pursuing their favorite activities, creating cherished moments and deeply connecting with family and friends. Based on the ongoing value consumers place on these factors, we expect to see long-term growth in the North American RV industry. The growth in industry-wide RV sales during late calendar year 2020 through early calendar year 2023 resulted in exposing a wider range of consumers to the RV lifestyle. As a result, we believe many of those who have been ~~recently~~ exposed to the industry for the first time will become future owners once general economic conditions improve, and that those who became first-time owners since the onset of the pandemic will become long-term RVers, resulting in future repeat and upgrade sales opportunities. We also believe many consumers are likely to continue opting for fewer vacations via air travel, cruise ships and hotels, while preferring vacations that RVs are uniquely positioned to provide, allowing consumers the ability to explore or unwind, often close to home. In addition, we believe that the availability of camping and RV parking facilities will be an important factor in the future growth of the industry and view both the significant recent investments and the ~~future~~ committed future investments by campground owners, states and the federal government in camping facilities and accessibility to state and federal parks and forests to be positive long-term factors.

Economic and industry-wide factors that have historically affected, and which we believe will continue to affect, our operating results include the costs of commodities, the availability of critical supply components and labor costs incurred in the production of our products. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold, and any future increases in raw material or labor costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to offset those cost increases through a combination of product recontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts. Historically, we have generally been able to offset net cost increases over time through these measures.35

ItEconomic isand ~~extremely~~industry-wide ~~difficult~~factors tothat ~~predict~~have ~~when~~historically oraffected, ~~whether~~and ~~future~~which ~~supply~~we ~~chain~~believe ~~issues~~will ~~related~~continue to ~~chassis~~affect, orour ~~other~~operating results include the costs of commodities, the availability of critical supply components ~~used~~and labor costs incurred in the production of ~~RVs~~our ~~will arise~~products. ~~Modifying~~Material ~~available~~and ~~chassis~~labor ~~for~~costs ~~certain~~are ~~motorized~~the primary factors determining our cost of products sold, and any future increases in raw material or labor costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to ~~use~~offset those cost increases through a combination of product recontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for ~~other~~our products isby ~~not~~corresponding aamounts. ~~viable~~We ~~alternative,~~are ~~particularly~~closely inmonitoring the ~~short~~imposition ~~term~~of new and higher U.S. tariffs on imports, ~~due~~as towell ~~engineering~~as ~~requirements~~retaliatory tariffs or other measures certain other countries have already or may impose on U.S. ~~The~~imports, ~~North~~that ~~American~~may ~~recreational~~increase ~~vehicle~~our ~~industry~~material ~~has~~costs, ~~from~~disrupt ~~time~~our supply of materials or negatively impact our sales into other countries. We are currently uncertain as to ~~time~~the ultimate impact these measures may have given the rapidly changing environment surrounding tariffs and other related political topics. The impact of increased or new tariffs in our fiscal 2025 third and fourth quarters was relatively modest due to the ~~past~~timing of, ~~experienced~~and ~~shortages~~changes in, both the announced tariff rates and effective dates and our engagement with our vendors regarding the extent and timing of ~~chassis~~any ~~for~~resultant ~~various~~cost ~~reasons~~increases. We would expect additional tariff impacts on our upcoming fiscal 2026 results, ~~including~~but ~~component~~it ~~shortages~~is difficult to assess the ultimate impact they may have given the ongoing changes in tariff rates, ~~production~~what ~~delays~~components will be impacted and when, plus the fact that we are often not importing products or ~~other~~components ~~production~~directly ~~issues~~but rather through third-party vendors and ~~work~~therefore ~~stoppages~~do atnot have complete visibility regarding the ~~chassis~~timing ~~manufacturers~~or impact on the pricing of components we purchase. We intend to continue negotiations with our vendors regarding the timing and extent of any tariff pass-through costs, and where possible, will seek alternative supply sources with lower-priced components.

~~While~~Historically, ~~the~~we ~~North~~have ~~American~~generally RVbeen ~~industry~~able ~~has~~to atoffset ~~times~~net ~~faced~~cost ~~supply~~increases ~~shortages~~over ortime, ~~delivery~~but ~~delays~~given the size and nature of ~~other,~~the ~~non-chassis~~tariffs ~~raw~~currently ~~material~~in ~~components~~the process of being implemented and future tariffs being discussed, ~~the~~it ~~supply~~may ~~chain~~not isbe ~~currently~~possible ~~able~~or desirable for us to ~~support~~pass ~~our~~on ~~demand.~~the Iffull ~~any~~impact of ~~these~~tariff ~~factors~~increases ~~were~~immediately toas we are conscious of the impact ~~our~~it ~~suppliers’~~likely ~~ability~~would tohave ~~fully~~on ~~supply~~the ~~our~~retail ~~needs~~consumer ~~for~~and ~~key~~their ~~components,~~demand for our ~~costs~~products. ofOnce ~~such~~a ~~components~~clearer and ~~our~~more ~~production~~certain ~~output~~picture ~~could~~of the tariff environment is established, we will be ~~adversely~~in ~~affected.~~a position to more fully assess the potential impact tariffs may have on our product selling prices and our operating results.

It is extremely difficult to predict when or whether future supply chain issues related to chassis or other components used in the production of RVs will arise, especially when considering the impact tariffs may have on the availability of goods. Modifying available chassis for certain motorized products to use for other products is not a viable alternative, particularly in the short term, due to engineering requirements. Uncertainties related to changing state and federal emission standards may also negatively impact the availability of chassis used in our production of certain North American motorized RVs and could also impact consumer buying patterns. The North American recreational vehicle industry has, from time to time in the past, experienced shortages of chassis for various reasons, including component shortages, production delays or other production issues and work stoppages at the chassis manufacturers.

While the North American RV industry has at times faced supply shortages or delivery delays of other, non-chassis raw material components, the supply chain is currently able to support our demand, but that could change quickly, and with little advance notice, given the current and potential future impact tariffs and other macroeconomic or political factors may have on supply. If any of these factors were to impact our suppliers’ ability to fully supply our needs for key components, our costs of such components and our production output could be adversely affected.

European RV Industry

The Company monitors industry conditions in the European RV market using a number of resources including its own performance tracking and modeling. The Company also considers retail trends in the European RV market as reported by the European Caravan Federation (“ECF”) and its members. On a monthly basis, the Company receives OEM-specific reports for most of the individual member countries that make up the ECF through the Caravaning Industrie Verband e.V. (“CIVD”). The timing of these reports may vary, but typically they are issued on a one-to-two-month lag. While most countries provide OEM-specific information, the United Kingdom, which made up 1715.42% and 9.34% of the caravan and motorcaravan (including campervans) European market for the six months ended June 30, ~~2024~~2025, respectively, does not provide OEM-specific information. Industry wholesale shipment data for the European RV market is not available.

Within Europe, over 90% of our sales are made to dealers within 10 different European countries. The market conditions, as well as the operating status of our independent dealers within each country, vary based on the various local economic and other conditions. It is inherently difficult to generalize about the operating conditions within the entire European region.

Independent dealer inventory of our European RV products as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 was approximately 2622,200 units as compared to approximately 2126,200 units as of July 31, ~~2023~~2024. ~~Independent~~In RVboth ~~dealer~~Germany, ~~inventory~~which ~~levels~~accounts for approximately 60% of our European ~~products~~product ~~are~~sales, ~~generally~~and in ~~line with historic seasonal levels in~~ the other various countries we serve~~. Within Germany~~, ~~which~~independent ~~accounts~~RV ~~for~~dealer ~~approximately~~inventory ~~60%~~levels of our motorized European ~~product~~products ~~sales,~~are ~~independent~~generally ~~dealer~~in ~~inventory~~line with historic seasonal levels, ~~are~~while ~~also~~campervan ~~generally~~and intowable ~~line~~inventory ~~with~~is ~~historic~~slightly ~~norms~~elevated.

Our European Recreational Vehicle backlog as of July 31, 2024 decreased $1,598,867, or 45.0%, to $1,950,793 compared to $3,549,660 as of July 31, 2023, primarily due to improved chassis supply availability as chassis constraints in the prior year resulted in significantly elevated backlogs as of July 31, 2023.36

Our European Recreational Vehicle backlog as of July 31, 2025 decreased $425,201, or 21.8%, to $1,525,592 compared to $1,950,793 as of July 31, 2024, primarily due to improved chassis supply availability and a return to normalized dealer inventory levels at July 31, 2025.

European Industry Retail Statistics

Key retail statistics for the European RV industry, as reported by the ECF for the periods indicated, are as follows:

European Unit Registrations

Motorcaravan and Campervan (2)

Caravan

Six Months Ended June 30,

%Change

Six Months Ended June 30,

%Change

2024

2023

2024

2023

2025

2024

2025

2024

OEM Reporting Countries (1)

82,~~773~~524

7682,~~831~~909

7(0.75)

2624,~~879~~869

2726,~~932~~898

(37.85)

Non-OEM Reporting Countries (1)

1112,~~867~~139

911,~~684~~901

222.50

76,~~758~~393

87,~~844~~776

(1217.38)

Total

94,~~640~~663

8694,~~515~~810

9(0.42)

3431,~~637~~262

3634,~~776~~674

(59.8)

(1)Industry retail registration statistics have been compiled from individual countries' reporting of retail sales, and include the following countries: Germany, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, Italy, Spain and others, collectively the “OEM Reporting Countries.” The “Non-OEM Reporting Countries” are primarily the United Kingdom and others. Total European unit registrations are reported quarterly by the ECF.

(2)The ECF reports motorcaravans and campervans together.

Note: Data from the ECF is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various countries. (The "Non-OEM Reporting Countries" either do not report OEM-specific data to the ECF or do not have it available for the entire time period covered).

Company European Retail Statistics

European Unit Registrations (1)

Six Months Ended June 30,

Increase

2024

2023

(Decrease)

Change

2025

2024

(Decrease)

Change

Motorcaravan and Campervan

2021,~~941~~538

1520,~~868~~994

~~5,073~~544

322.06

Caravan

4,~~909~~297

54,~~156~~930

(~~247~~633)

(412.8)

Total OEM-Reporting Countries

25,~~850~~835

2125,~~024~~924

~~4,826~~(89)

~~23.~~(0.3)

(1)Company retail registration statistics have been compiled from individual countries' reporting of retail sales, and include the following countries: Germany, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, Italy, Spain and others, collectively the “OEM Reporting Countries.”

Note: Data from the ECF is subject to adjustment, is continuously updated and is often impacted by delays in reporting by various countries.

European Outlook

Our European operations offer a full lineup of leisure vehicles including caravans and motorized products including urban vehicles, campervans and small-to-large motorcaravans. Our product offerings are not limited to vehicles only but also include accessories and services, including vehicle rentals. We address European retail customers through a sophisticated brand management approach based on consumer segmentation according to target group, core values and emotions. With the ~~help~~assistance of data-based and digital marketing, we intend to continue expanding our retail customer reach to new and younger consumer segments.

35The impact of current macroeconomic factors on our business, including inflation and interest rates, environmental and sustainability regulations and geopolitical events, is uncertain. Our outlook for future European RV retail sales depends upon the various economic and regulatory conditions in the respective countries in which we sell our products. End-customer demand for RVs depends strongly on consumer confidence. Factors such as the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, private consumption and investments, the level of disposable income of consumers, interest rates, the health of the housing market, tax rates and regulatory restrictions and, since the pandemic, travel safety considerations all influence retail sales. While confidence remains in our customer base, in the short term, we expect to continue to experience downward pressure on overall sales volume due to the current macroeconomic environment. Our long-term outlook for future growth in European RV retail sales remains positive due to favorable demographic trends and as more people utilize RVs as a way to support their lifestyle in search of independence and individuality, as well as using the RV as a multi-purpose vehicle to escape urban life and explore outdoor activities and nature.

The impact of current macroeconomic factors on our business, including inflation and interest rates, supply chain constraints, environmental and sustainability regulations and geopolitical events, is uncertain. Our outlook for future European RV retail sales depends upon the various economic and regulatory conditions in the respective countries in which we sell our products, and on our ability to manage through supply chain issues that have, and are expected to continue to, impact the efficiency of our production of our motorized products in the near term. End-customer demand for RVs depends strongly on consumer confidence. Factors such as the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, private consumption and investments, the level of disposable income of consumers, interest rates, the health of the housing market, tax rates and regulatory restrictions and, since the pandemic, travel safety considerations all influence retail sales. Our long-term outlook for future growth in European RV retail sales remains positive as more people discover RVs as a way to support their lifestyle in search of independence and individuality, as well as using the RV as a multi-purpose vehicle to escape urban life and explore outdoor activities and nature.

We and our independent European dealers market our European recreational vehicles through multiple avenues including at numerous RV fairs at the country and regional levels which occur throughout the calendar year. These fairs have historically been well-attended events that allow retail consumers the ability to see the newest products, features and designs and to talk with product experts in addition to being able to purchase or order an RV. The most recent 2024 Caravan Salon show in late August 2024 experienced near-record attendance, demonstrating the high level of interest in the RV lifestyle despite the current macroeconomic uncertainties facing many consumers. In addition to our attendance at various strategic trade fairs, we have and will continue to strengthen and expand our digital activities to reach high potential target groups, generate leads and steer customers directly to dealerships. With approximately 1,100 active independent dealers in Germany and throughout Europe with whom we do business, we believe our European brands have one of the strongest and most professionally structured dealer and service networks in Europe.

Economic or industry-wide factors affecting our European RV operating results include the availability and costs of commodities and component parts and the labor used in the manufacture of our products. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold and any future increases in these costs will impact our profit margins negatively if we are unable to offset those cost increases through a combination of product recontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts.

While overall chassis supply has improved, we anticipate disruptions in the sequence of delivery of chassis to continue through the remainder of calendar year 2024. The sequence of chassis supply inhibits our ability to efficiently and consistently maintain our planned production levels. Uncertainties related to changing emission standards may also impact the availability of chassis used in our production of certain European motorized RVs and could also impact consumer buying patterns.

In Europe, we experienced cost increases, supply shortages and delivery delays of other, non-chassis raw material components which negatively impacted the efficiency of our production in the current fiscal year. We believe these shortages and delays will continue to result in production inefficiencies in the near term, which will have a negative impact on our European operating results as well as on our consolidated results due to the negative impact of completing units off the production line.

Where possible, to minimize the future impact of supply chain constraints, we have identified a second-source supplier base for certain component parts, however, the engineering requirements required with an alternate component part, particularly the chassis our various units are built upon, limits the impact of these alternative suppliers on reducing any near-term supply constraints.

In addition to potential future material supply constraints, labor shortages may also impact our European operations. Currently, we are experiencing a shortage of available skilled workers due to near full employment rates in the European countries where the majority of our manufacturing sites are located.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FISCAL 2024 VS. FISCAL 2023

	FISCAL 2024		FISCAL 2023		ChangeAmount		%Change
NET SALES:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	3,679,671	$	4,202,628	$	(522,957)	(12.4)
North American Motorized	2,445,850		3,314,170		(868,320)		(26.2)
Total North America	6,125,521		7,516,798		(1,391,277)		(18.5)
European	3,364,980		3,037,147		327,833		10.8
Total recreational vehicles	9,490,501		10,553,945		(1,063,444)		(10.1)
Other	781,927		777,639		4,288		0.6
Intercompany eliminations	(229,020)		(209,979)		(19,041)		(9.1)
Total	$	10,043,408	$	11,121,605	$	(1,078,197)	(9.7)

# OF UNITS:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	112,830	106,504	6,326	5.9
North American Motorized	18,761	24,832	(6,071)	(24.4)
Total North America	131,591	131,336	255	0.2
European	55,317	55,679	(362)	(0.7)
Total	186,908	187,015	(107)	(0.1)

			% of SegmentNet Sales			% of SegmentNet Sales
GROSS PROFIT:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	427,386	11.6	$	503,487	12.0	$	(76,101)	(15.1)
North American Motorized	277,840		11.4	442,715		13.4	(164,875)		(37.2)
Total North America	705,226		11.5	946,202		12.6	(240,976)		(25.5)
European	581,211		17.3	505,344		16.6	75,867		15.0
Total recreational vehicles	1,286,437		13.6	1,451,546		13.8	(165,109)		(11.4)
Other, net	165,525		21.2	144,807		18.6	20,718		14.3
Total	$	1,451,962	14.5	$	1,596,353	14.4	$	(144,391)	(9.0)

SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	246,330	6.7	$	243,616	5.8	$	2,714	1.1
North American Motorized	136,398		5.6	175,509		5.3	(39,111)		(22.3)
Total North America	382,728		6.2	419,125		5.6	(36,397)		(8.7)
European	298,013		8.9	271,038		8.9	26,975		10.0
Total recreational vehicles	680,741		7.2	690,163		6.5	(9,422)		(1.4)
Other	75,108		9.6	65,955		8.5	9,153		13.9
Corporate	139,682		—	113,936		—	25,746		22.6
Total	$	895,531	8.9	$	870,054	7.8	$	25,477	2.9

	FISCAL 2024		% of SegmentNet Sales	FISCAL 2023		% of SegmentNet Sales	ChangeAmount		%Change
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	169,232	4.6	$	237,123	5.6	$	(67,891)	(28.6)
North American Motorized	126,496		5.2	255,207		7.7	(128,711)		(50.4)
Total North America	295,728		4.8	492,330		6.5	(196,602)		(39.9)
European	231,377		6.9	179,625		5.9	51,752		28.8
Total recreational vehicles	527,105		5.6	671,955		6.4	(144,850)		(21.6)
Other, net	45,299		5.8	36,965		4.8	8,334		22.5
Corporate	(223,560)		—	(209,567)		—	(13,993)		(6.7)
Total	$	348,844	3.5	$	499,353	4.5	$	(150,509)	(30.1)

We and our independent European dealers market our European recreational vehicles through multiple avenues including at numerous RV fairs at the country and regional levels which occur throughout the calendar year. These fairs have historically been well-attended events that allow retail consumers to see the newest products, features and designs and to talk with product experts in addition to being able to purchase or order an RV. The most recent major industry fair, the 2025 Caravan Salon show in September 2025, experienced near-record attendance, which demonstrates the continued high level of interest in the RV lifestyle. In addition to our attendance at various strategic trade fairs, we have and will continue to strengthen and expand our digital activities to reach high potential target groups, generate leads and steer customers directly to dealerships. With approximately 1,100 active independent dealers in Germany and throughout Europe with whom we do business, we believe our European brands have one of the strongest and most professionally structured dealer and service networks in Europe.

	As ofJuly 31, 2024		As ofJuly 31, 2023		ChangeAmount		%Change
ORDER BACKLOG:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	552,379	$	756,047	$	(203,668)	(26.9)
North American Motorized	776,903		1,242,936		(466,033)		(37.5)
Total North America	1,329,282		1,998,983		(669,701)		(33.5)
European	1,950,793		3,549,660		(1,598,867)		(45.0)
Total	$	3,280,075	$	5,548,643	$	(2,268,568)	(40.9)

Economic or industry-wide factors affecting our European RV operating results include the availability and costs of commodities and component parts and the labor used in the manufacture of our products. Labor agreements and various governmental regulations are primary drivers in the cost of our labor force and impact how and when we can adjust our labor force to align with changing production needs. Adjusting our full-time workforce downwards in most of the locations where we operate in Europe generally results in negotiated separation costs, which may be material depending on the size of the workforce reduction. Material and labor costs are the primary factors determining our cost of products sold and any future increases in these costs could negatively impact our profit margins if we are unable to offset those costs through a combination of product recontenting, material sourcing strategies, efficiency improvements, headcount reductions or raising the selling prices for our products by corresponding amounts.

~~CONSOLIDATED~~While overall chassis supply has improved, disruption in the sequence of chassis supply has in the past inhibited, and could in the future, inhibit our ability to efficiently and consistently maintain our planned production levels. Uncertainties related to changing emission standards may also negatively impact the availability of chassis and/or other components used in our production of certain European motorized RVs and could also impact consumer buying patterns.

~~Consolidated~~When ~~net sales for fiscal 2024 decreased $1~~possible,~~078,197,~~ ~~or 9.7%, compared~~ to ~~fiscal~~minimize ~~2023. The decrease in consolidated net sales is primarily due to lower current dealer and consumer demand in comparison to fiscal 2023 in~~ the ~~North~~future ~~American~~impact ~~Towable~~of ~~and~~supply ~~Motorized~~chain ~~segments~~constraints, ~~partially~~we ~~offset~~have byidentified ana ~~increase~~second-source insupplier ~~net~~base ~~sales from our European segment. Approximately 34% of the Company’s net sales~~ for ~~fiscal~~certain ~~2024~~component ~~were~~parts; ~~transacted in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company’s most material exchange rate exposure is sales in Euros. The $1~~however,~~078,197,~~ orengineering ~~9.7%~~requirements ~~decrease~~associated inwith ~~consolidated net sales in fiscal 2024 includes~~ an ~~increase~~alternate ofcomponent ~~$66~~part,~~670~~ ~~from~~particularly the ~~change~~chassis inon ~~currency~~which ~~exchange~~our ~~rates~~various ~~between~~units ~~the~~are ~~two periods. To determine this impact~~built, ~~net~~could ~~sales~~limit ~~transacted in currencies other than U.S. dollars have been translated to U.S. dollars using~~ the ~~average~~impact ~~exchange~~of ~~rates~~these ~~that~~alternative ~~were~~suppliers inon ~~effect~~reducing ~~during~~any ~~the~~near-term ~~comparative~~supply ~~period~~constraints.

~~Consolidated~~In ~~gross~~addition ~~profit~~to ~~for~~potential ~~fiscal~~future ~~2024~~material ~~decreased~~supply ~~$144~~constraints,~~391,~~ orlabor ~~9.0%~~shortages have in the past impacted, ~~compared~~and tocould ~~fiscal~~in ~~2023.~~the ~~Consolidated~~future, ~~gross~~impact ~~profit~~our ~~was~~European ~~14.5%~~operations ofgiven ~~consolidated~~the ~~net~~numerous ~~sales~~locations ~~for~~where ~~fiscal~~our ~~2024~~manufacturing sites are located and ~~14.4%~~the ~~for~~differing ~~fiscal~~availability ~~2023.~~of ~~The~~skilled ~~decrease~~labor in ~~consolidated~~those ~~gross~~locations. ~~profit~~As inpreviously ~~fiscal~~noted, ~~2024~~high ~~compared~~levels toof ~~fiscal~~labor ~~2023~~costs ~~was~~and ~~primarily~~limitations ~~due~~on our ability to ~~the~~reduce ~~impact~~those ofcosts commensurate with market conditions have in the ~~decrease~~past, and could in ~~consolidated~~the ~~net~~future, ~~sales~~negatively impact our European operations.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2024 increased $25,477, or 2.9%, compared to fiscal 2023, which included increased sales-related travel, advertising and promotional costs, dealer settlement and repurchase costs, research and development costs and professional fees, including third-party fees related to the debt refinancing in the second quarter of fiscal 2024. These cost increases were partially offset by the impact of the 9.7% decrease in consolidated net sales and the decrease in income before income taxes, which resulted in lower sales commissions and other incentive compensation, and there was a combined decrease in net costs related to the investigation of the Company’s advertising practices in Germany and a product recall as discussed in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 8.9% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2024 and 7.8% for fiscal 2023, with the increase in percentage due to the combination of the decrease in consolidated net sales in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 and the increase in costs.

Amortization of intangible assets expense for fiscal 2024 decreased $8,264, or 5.9%, to $132,544, compared to fiscal 2023 due to a reduction in dealer network amortization, which is amortized on an accelerated basis and therefore decreases over time.

~~The~~RESULTS ~~decrease~~OF of $150,509, or 30.1%, in income before income taxes for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023, was primarily driven by the decrease in consolidated net sales and the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses noted above.OPERATIONS

~~The~~FISCAL ~~overall~~2025 ~~annual effective income tax rate for fiscal 2024 was 23~~VS.~~9%,~~ ~~compared~~FISCAL with 25.1% for fiscal 2023. The primary reason for the decrease in the overall annual effective income tax rate relates to the favorable impact of the terms of the resolution of certain matters discussed in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in fiscal 2024.

Additional information concerning the changes in net sales, gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses are addressed below in the segment reporting that follows.


	FISCAL 2025		FISCAL 2024		Change Amount		% Change
NET SALES:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	3,784,666	$	3,679,671	$	104,995	2.9
North American Motorized	2,175,604		2,445,850		(270,246)		(11.0)
Total North America	5,960,270		6,125,521		(165,251)		(2.7)
European	3,023,961		3,364,980		(341,019)		(10.1)
Total recreational vehicles	8,984,231		9,490,501		(506,270)		(5.3)
Other	859,609		781,927		77,682		9.9
Intercompany eliminations	(264,350)		(229,020)		(35,330)		(15.4)
Total	$	9,579,490	$	10,043,408	$	(463,918)	(4.6)

The $25,746 increase in Corporate expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 includes an increase of $9,594 in legal and professional fees, primarily related to third-party fees of $7,175 incurred with the debt refinancing discussed in Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The $25,746 increase also includes an increase in deferred compensation expense of $8,475 due to market value fluctuations between the two periods, an increase in innovation-led research and development costs of $8,463 and an increase in stock-based and other compensation costs of $4,018. Costs related to certain dealer promotional programs also increased $4,500. These expense increases were partially offset by income of $17,012 related to the legal and recall matters discussed in Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


# OF UNITS:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	119,790	112,830	6,960	6.2
North American Motorized	17,153	18,761	(1,608)	(8.6)
Total North America	136,943	131,591	5,352	4.1
European	44,445	55,317	(10,872)	(19.7)
Total	181,388	186,908	(5,520)	(3.0)

Net expense for Corporate interest and other income and expenses decreased $11,753 in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. Net interest expense decreased by $12,157, in spite of the one-time debt refinancing fees of $7,566 incurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2024, due to increased interest income received from higher average cash balances held and higher interest income rates combined with lower debt interest expense, primarily due to lower average debt balances outstanding. In addition, there were favorable changes of $8,038 in the fair value of the Company’s deferred compensation plan assets and $7,958 in the fair value of certain other equity investments, both due to market value fluctuations between the two periods. These net expense decreases were partially offset by a decrease of $7,227 in non-cash foreign currency gains on certain Euro-denominated loans in fiscal 2024 as compared to fiscal 2023, and operating losses related to our equity investments as discussed in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were $2,976 larger in fiscal 2024 as compared to fiscal 2023, primarily due to the current period including a full year of results in fiscal 2024 as compared to seven months in fiscal 2023.


			% of Segment Net Sales			% of Segment Net Sales
GROSS PROFIT:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	496,976	13.1	$	427,386	11.6	$	69,590	16.3
North American Motorized	210,634		9.7	277,840		11.4	(67,206)		(24.2)
Total North America	707,610		11.9	705,226		11.5	2,384		0.3
European	460,319		15.2	581,211		17.3	(120,892)		(20.8)
Total recreational vehicles	1,167,929		13.0	1,286,437		13.6	(118,508)		(9.2)
Other, net	172,712		20.1	165,525		21.2	7,187		4.3
Total	$	1,340,641	14.0	$	1,451,962	14.5	$	(111,321)	(7.7)


SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	256,536	6.8	$	246,330	6.7	$	10,206	4.1
North American Motorized	124,715		5.7	136,398		5.6	(11,683)		(8.6)
Total North America	381,251		6.4	382,728		6.2	(1,477)		(0.4)
European	306,254		10.1	298,013		8.9	8,241		2.8
Total recreational vehicles	687,505		7.7	680,741		7.2	6,764		1.0
Other, net	81,517		9.5	75,108		9.6	6,409		8.5
Corporate	153,532		—	139,682		—	13,850		9.9
Total	$	922,554	9.6	$	895,531	8.9	$	27,023	3.0

SEGMENT REPORTING


	FISCAL 2025		% of Segment Net Sales	FISCAL 2024		% of Segment Net Sales	Change Amount		% Change
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	247,012	6.5	$	169,232	4.6	$	77,780	46.0
North American Motorized	85,343		3.9	126,496		5.2	(41,153)		(32.5)
Total North America	332,355		5.6	295,728		4.8	36,627		12.4
European	101,634		3.4	231,377		6.9	(129,743)		(56.1)
Total recreational vehicles	433,989		4.8	527,105		5.6	(93,116)		(17.7)
Other, net	53,740		6.3	45,299		5.8	8,441		18.6
Corporate	(191,538)		—	(223,560)		—	32,022		14.3
Total	$	296,191	3.1	$	348,844	3.5	$	(52,653)	(15.1)

North American Towable Recreational Vehicles


	As of July 31, 2025		As of July 31, 2024		Change Amount		% Change
ORDER BACKLOG:
Recreational vehicles
North American Towable	$	525,014	$	552,379	$	(27,365)	(5.0)
North American Motorized	1,004,620		776,903		227,717		29.3
Total North America	1,529,634		1,329,282		200,352		15.1
European	1,525,592		1,950,793		(425,201)		(21.8)
Total	$	3,055,226	$	3,280,075	$	(224,849)	(6.9)

~~Analysis of Change in Net Sales for Fiscal 2024 vs. Fiscal 2023~~CONSOLIDATED

	Fiscal 2024		% ofSegmentNet Sales	Fiscal 2023		% ofSegmentNet Sales	ChangeAmount		%Change
NET SALES:
North American Towable
Travel Trailers	$	2,395,246	65.1	$	2,587,686	61.6	$	(192,440)	(7.4)
Fifth Wheels	1,284,425		34.9	1,614,942		38.4	(330,517)		(20.5)
Total North American Towable	$	3,679,671	100.0	$	4,202,628	100.0	$	(522,957)	(12.4)

Consolidated net sales for fiscal 2025 decreased $463,918, or 4.6%, compared to fiscal 2024. The decrease in consolidated net sales is primarily due to lower current dealer and consumer demand in comparison to fiscal 2024 in the North American Motorized and European segments, partially offset by an increase in net sales from our North American Towable segment. Approximately 32% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for fiscal 2025 were transacted in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company’s most material exchange rate exposure is sales in Euros. The $463,918, or 4.6% decrease in consolidated net sales in fiscal 2025 is net of an increase of $54,492 from the change in currency exchange rates between the two periods. To determine this impact, net sales transacted in currencies other than U.S. dollars have been translated to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates that were in effect during the comparative periods.

	Fiscal 2024	% ofSegmentShipments	Fiscal 2023	% ofSegmentShipments	ChangeAmount	%Change
# OF UNITS:
North American Towable
Travel Trailers	91,639	81.2	81,432	76.5	10,207	12.5
Fifth Wheels	21,191	18.8	25,072	23.5	(3,881)	(15.5)
Total North American Towable	112,830	100.0	106,504	100.0	6,326	5.9

Consolidated gross profit for fiscal 2025 decreased $111,321, or 7.7%, compared to fiscal 2024. Consolidated gross profit was 14.0% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2025 and 14.5% for fiscal 2024. The decreases in consolidated gross profit and the consolidated gross profit percentage in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 were both primarily due to the impact of the decrease in consolidated net sales coupled with increased sales discounting.

IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:			%Change
North American Towable
Travel Trailers			(19.9)
Fifth Wheels			(5.0)
Total North American Towable			(18.3)

Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2025 increased $27,023, or 3.0%, compared to fiscal 2024. This increase was primarily driven by the increase in certain Corporate and European selling, general and administrative expenses as discussed below. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 9.6% of consolidated net sales for fiscal 2025 and 8.9% for fiscal 2024, with the increase in percentage due to the combination of the decrease in consolidated net sales in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 and the increase in costs.

The ~~decrease~~increase in ~~total~~other ~~North~~income, ~~American~~net ~~Towable~~of ~~net~~$31,949 ~~sales~~for offiscal ~~12.4%~~2025 as compared to ~~the prior~~ fiscal ~~year~~2024 ~~resulted~~includes ~~from~~an aincrease ~~5.9%~~of ~~increase~~$14,867 in ~~unit~~the ~~shipments~~gain ~~and~~on athe ~~18.3%~~sales ~~decrease~~of inproperty, ~~the~~plant ~~overall~~and ~~net~~equipment ~~price~~in ~~per~~fiscal ~~unit~~2025 ~~due~~as compared to ~~the~~fiscal ~~combined~~2024, ~~impact~~primarily ofdue ~~changes~~to ingains ~~product~~on ~~mix~~the ~~and~~sales ~~price.~~of ~~The~~certain ~~increase~~production facilities in ~~unit~~fiscal ~~shipments~~2025 isrelated ~~primarily due~~ to the ~~recent~~strategic ~~demand~~organizational ~~for~~restructuring of the ~~lower~~Heartland ~~cost~~towable ~~travel~~operations. ~~trailer~~In ~~units~~addition, ~~as compared to~~ the ~~prior~~fiscal ~~year.~~2025 ~~According~~other toincome, ~~statistics~~net ~~published~~total byincludes ~~RVIA~~$12,153 ~~for~~of ~~the~~insurance ~~twelve~~income ~~months~~related ~~ended~~to ~~July~~the ~~31,~~weather ~~2024,~~event ~~combined~~discussed ~~travel~~in ~~trailer~~Note ~~and~~19 ~~fifth~~to ~~wheel~~the ~~wholesale~~Consolidated ~~unit~~Financial ~~shipments~~Statements, ~~increased~~and ~~8.0%~~an ~~compared~~improvement toin the ~~same~~operating ~~period~~results ~~last~~of ~~year.~~our ~~According~~equity tomethod ~~statistics~~investments ~~published~~of by$9,331 ~~Stat~~as ~~Surveys,~~discussed ~~for~~in Note 7 to the ~~twelve-month~~Consolidated ~~periods~~Financial ~~ended~~Statements. ~~June~~These ~~30,~~favorable ~~2024~~changes ~~and~~were ~~2023,~~partially ~~our~~offset ~~retail~~by ~~market~~an ~~share~~increase ~~for~~in ~~travel~~foreign ~~trailers~~exchange ~~and~~losses ~~fifth~~of ~~wheels~~$8,315 ~~combined~~between ~~was~~fiscal ~~40.4%~~2025 and ~~42.4%,~~fiscal ~~respectively~~2024.

The decreases in the overall net price per unit within the travel trailer product line of 19.9% and the fifth wheel product line of 5.0% during fiscal 2024 were primarily due to product mix changes trending toward more moderately-priced units as compared to fiscal 2023.

North American Towable cost of products sold decreased $446,856 to $3,252,285, or 88.4% of North American Towable net sales, for fiscal 2024 compared to $3,699,141, or 88.0% of North American Towable net sales, for fiscal 2023. Changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $418,720 of the $446,856 decrease in cost of products. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American Towable net sales were 80.2% for both fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, as a decrease in the material cost percentage driven by the combined favorable impacts of selective net selling price increases, stable material costs and cost-saving initiatives was offset by an increase in the labor cost percentage due to product mix changes and a modest increase in the warranty cost percentage.

Total manufacturing overhead decreased $28,136 in correlation with the decrease in sales but increased as a percentage of North American Towable net sales from 7.8% to 8.2%, as the decreased net sales levels resulted in higher overhead costs per unit sold. Variable costs in manufacturing overhead decreased $28,487 in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 as a result of the decrease in North American Towable net sales.

~~The~~Amortization ~~decrease~~ of ~~$76,101~~intangible inassets ~~North~~expense ~~American Towable gross profit~~ for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 ~~compared~~decreased to$13,517, ~~fiscal~~or ~~2023~~10.2%, ~~was~~to ~~driven~~$119,027, bycompared ~~the~~to ~~decrease~~fiscal in2024 ~~net~~due ~~sales,~~to ~~and~~a ~~the~~reduction ~~decrease~~ in ~~the~~dealer ~~gross~~network ~~profit~~amortization, ~~percentage~~which is ~~due~~amortized toon ~~the~~an ~~increase~~accelerated inbasis ~~the~~and ~~cost~~therefore ofdecreases ~~products~~over ~~sold percentage noted above~~time.

The ~~increase~~decrease of $252,~~714~~653, inor ~~North American Towable selling~~15.1%, ~~general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 includes the impact of the decreases~~ in ~~North American Towable net sales and~~ income before income taxes, ~~which~~for ~~caused~~fiscal ~~related~~2025 ~~commissions,~~compared ~~incentive and other compensation~~ to ~~decrease~~fiscal ~~by $6~~2024,~~310.~~ ~~Sales-related~~was ~~travel,~~primarily ~~advertising~~driven ~~and promotional costs also decreased $2,160. These decreases were more than offset~~ by anthe ~~increase~~impact of ~~$15,229~~the decrease in ~~professional~~consolidated ~~fees~~net ~~and~~sales ~~settlement~~ and RVthe ~~repurchase costs. The~~ increase in ~~the overall~~ selling, general and administrative ~~expense~~expenses asnoted ~~a percentage of North American Towable net sales was primarily due to the decrease in North American Towable net sales~~above.

The ~~decrease~~overall ofannual ~~$67,891~~effective ~~in North American Towable~~ income ~~before~~tax ~~income~~rate ~~taxes~~ for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 was 13.4%, compared towith 23.9% for fiscal ~~2023~~2024. ~~was~~The ~~primarily~~two ~~due~~primary toreasons for the decrease in ~~North~~the ~~American~~overall ~~Towable~~annual ~~net~~effective ~~sales,~~income ~~and~~tax rate were the ~~primary~~foreign ~~reasons~~tax ~~for~~law ~~the~~change ~~decrease~~in fiscal 2025 that resulted in the ~~percentage~~favorable revaluation of ~~North~~foreign ~~American~~deferred ~~Towable~~tax ~~net~~liabilities, ~~sales~~and ~~were~~the rate was also favorably impacted by the ~~increases~~year-over-year change in the ~~cost~~jurisdictional mix of ~~products~~earnings ~~sold~~between foreign and ~~selling~~domestic operations, ~~general~~inclusive ~~and~~of ~~administrative~~certain ~~expense~~foreign ~~percentages~~exchange ~~noted~~gains ~~above~~not subject to taxation.

Additional information concerning the changes in net sales, gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses are addressed below in the segment reporting that follows.

The $13,850 increase in Corporate expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 includes increases in compensation costs of $15,738, primarily due to employee separation costs related to certain headcount reductions in fiscal 2025, and incentive compensation of $7,854. In addition, the prior-year period included income of $17,012 related to matters discussed in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. These increases were partially offset by decreases in stock-based compensation expense of $7,029, legal and professional fees of $8,521 (primarily related to third-party fees of $7,175 incurred in fiscal 2024 with the debt refinancing discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), dealer promotional costs of $6,517 and repurchase costs of $3,300 related to our standby repurchase obligations reserve due to reductions in both dealer inventory levels and repurchase activity compared to the prior fiscal year.

Net expense for Corporate interest and other income and expenses decreased $45,872 in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. Net interest expense decreased by $36,198 due to lower average outstanding debt balances and lower interest rates coupled with the prior-year interest expense including debt extinguishment charges of $7,566 related to the November 2023 debt refinancing. In addition, the operating results of our equity method investments as discussed in Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements improved by $9,331 in fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024, and there were favorable changes of $7,612 in certain other equity investments and warrants due to market value fluctuations. These favorable changes were partially offset by an unfavorable change of $2,377 in the fair value of the Company’s deferred compensation assets and an increase of $4,394 in non-cash foreign currency losses on certain Euro-denominated loans between the two periods.

~~North~~SEGMENT ~~American Motorized Recreational Vehicles~~REPORTING

~~Analysis~~North ofAmerican ~~Change~~Towable inRecreational ~~Net Sales for Fiscal 2024 vs. Fiscal 2023~~Vehicles

	Fiscal 2024		% ofSegmentNet Sales	Fiscal 2023		% ofSegmentNet Sales	ChangeAmount		%Change
NET SALES:
North American Motorized
Class A	$	776,836	31.8	$	1,066,617	32.2	$	(289,781)	(27.2)
Class C	1,162,140		47.5	1,536,398		46.4	(374,258)		(24.4)
Class B	506,874		20.7	711,155		21.4	(204,281)		(28.7)
Total North American Motorized	$	2,445,850	100.0	$	3,314,170	100.0	$	(868,320)	(26.2)

Analysis of Change in Net Sales for Fiscal 2025 vs. Fiscal 2024

	Fiscal 2024		% ofSegmentShipments	Fiscal 2023		% ofSegmentShipments	ChangeAmount		%Change
	Fiscal 2025		% ofSegmentNet Sales	Fiscal 2024		% ofSegmentNet Sales	ChangeAmount		%Change
# OF UNITS:
NET SALES:
North American Motorized
North American Towable
Class A	3,838		20.5	5,246		21.1	(1,408)		(26.8)
Travel Trailers	$	2,298,926	60.7	$	2,395,246	65.1	$	(96,320)	(4.0)
Class C	10,560		56.3	13,643		54.9	(3,083)		(22.6)
Fifth Wheels	1,485,740		39.3	1,284,425		34.9	201,315		15.7
Class B	4,363		23.2	5,943		24.0	(1,580)		(26.6)
Total North American Towable	$	3,784,666	100.0	$	3,679,671	100.0	$	104,995	2.9
Total North American Motorized	18,761		100.0	24,832		100.0	(6,071)		(24.4)

IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:	%Change
		Fiscal 2025	% ofSegmentShipments	Fiscal 2024	% ofSegmentShipments	ChangeAmount	%Change
North American Motorized
# OF UNITS:
Class A	(0.4)
North American Towable
Class C	(1.8)
Travel Trailers		96,681	80.7	91,639	81.2	5,042	5.5
Class B	(2.1)
Fifth Wheels		23,109	19.3	21,191	18.8	1,918	9.1
Total North American Motorized	(1.8)
Total North American Towable		119,790	100.0	112,830	100.0	6,960	6.2

The decrease in total North American Motorized net sales of 26.2% compared to the prior fiscal year resulted from a 24.4% decrease in unit shipments and a 1.8% decrease in the overall net price per unit due to the combined impact of changes in product mix and price, which included elevated sales discounts compared to the prior fiscal year. The decrease in unit shipments is primarily due to a softening in current dealer and consumer demand in comparison with the demand in the prior fiscal year, which included independent dealer restocking of certain motorized products. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the twelve months ended July 31, 2024, combined motorhome wholesale unit shipments decreased 24.2% compared to the same period last year. According to statistics published by Stat Surveys, for the twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, our retail market share for motorhomes was 47.7% and 48.2%, respectively.


IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:			% Change
North American Towable
Travel Trailers			(9.5)
Fifth Wheels			6.6
Total North American Towable			(3.3)

The ~~decreases~~increase in total North American Towable net sales of 2.9% compared to the prior fiscal year resulted from a 6.2% increase in unit shipments and a 3.3% decrease in the overall ~~change~~net price per unit due to the combined impact of changes in product mix and price. ~~per~~The increase in unit ~~within~~shipments was primarily due to the ~~Class A~~heightened ~~product~~demand ~~line~~for ofthe 0lower-cost travel trailer units as compared to the prior year.4% According to statistics published by RVIA, for the ~~Class~~twelve Cmonths ~~product~~ended ~~line~~July of31, ~~1.8%~~2025, combined travel trailer and ~~the~~fifth ~~Class~~wheel Bwholesale ~~product~~unit ~~line~~shipments ofincreased 26.13% ~~during~~compared ~~fiscal~~to ~~2024~~the ~~were~~same ~~all~~period ~~primarily~~last ~~due~~year. According to ~~both~~statistics ~~higher~~published ~~discounting~~by ~~levels~~Stat Surveys, for the twelve-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and ~~consumers~~2024, ~~trending~~our ~~toward~~retail ~~more~~market ~~moderately-priced~~share ~~units~~for ~~compared~~travel totrailers ~~the~~and ~~prior~~fifth ~~fiscal~~wheels ~~year~~combined was 38.4% and 40.3%, respectively.

~~North~~The ~~American~~decrease ~~Motorized~~in ~~cost~~the ofoverall ~~products~~net ~~sold~~price ~~decreased~~per ~~$703,445~~unit towithin ~~$2,168,010,~~the ortravel ~~88.6%~~trailer ofproduct ~~North~~line ~~American~~of ~~Motorized net sales, for fiscal 2024 compared to $2,871,455, or 86~~9.65% ofduring ~~North~~fiscal ~~American~~2025 ~~Motorized~~was ~~net~~primarily ~~sales,~~due ~~for~~to ~~fiscal~~current ~~2023.~~product ~~The~~mix ~~changes~~trending intoward ~~material,~~more ~~labor, freight~~moderately-~~out~~priced ~~and~~units ~~warranty~~as ~~costs~~compared ~~comprised $665,521 of the $703,445 decrease due~~ to the ~~decreased~~prior ~~sales volume~~year. ~~Material,~~The ~~labor,~~increase ~~freight-out~~within ~~and~~the ~~warranty~~fifth ~~costs~~wheel asproduct aline ~~combined percentage~~ of ~~motorized net sales was 82~~6.46% ~~for~~during fiscal ~~2024~~2025 ~~compared~~was toprimarily ~~80.9% for fiscal 2023, with the increase mainly~~ due to anproduct ~~increase~~mix inchanges ~~the~~and ~~material~~lower ~~cost percentage, primarily due to higher~~ sales discounting, ~~which effectively decreases net selling prices and correspondingly increases the material cost percentage,~~ as ~~well~~compared asto ~~increased chassis costs. These material cost percentage increases were partially offset by the favorable impact of the North American Motorized LIFO inventory liquidation of approximately $23,900 in~~ fiscal 2024.

North American Towable cost of products sold increased $35,405 to $3,287,690, or 86.9% of North American Towable net sales, for fiscal 2025 compared to $3,252,285, or 88.4% of North American Towable net sales, for fiscal 2024. Changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $27,822 of the $35,405 increase in cost of products sold. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of North American Towable net sales were 78.8% for fiscal 2025 and 80.2% for fiscal 2024, with the reduction including a decrease in the material cost percentage, primarily due to lower sales discounting, and the warranty cost percentage also improved.

Total manufacturing overhead increased $7,583 in correlation with the increase in net sales and decreased slightly as a percentage of North American Towable net sales from 8.2% to 8.1%, as the increased net sales levels resulted in lower overhead costs per unit sold. Variable costs included in manufacturing overhead increased $7,746 in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 as a result of the increase in North American Towable net sales.

~~Total~~The ~~manufacturing~~increase ~~overhead~~of ~~decreased~~ $3769,~~924~~590 ~~with the decrease~~ in ~~net sales but increased as a percentage of~~ North American ~~Motorized~~Towable ~~net~~gross ~~sales~~profit ~~from~~for ~~5.7%~~fiscal to2025 ~~6.2%,~~compared asto ~~the~~fiscal ~~decrease~~2024 inis ~~net~~driven ~~sales~~by ~~levels~~the ~~resulted~~increase in ~~slightly~~North ~~higher~~American ~~overhead~~Towable ~~costs~~net ~~per~~sales ~~unit~~coupled ~~sold.~~with ~~Variable~~the ~~costs~~increase in ~~manufacturing~~the ~~overhead~~gross ~~decreased~~profit ~~$39~~percentage,~~251~~ inwhich ~~fiscal~~is ~~2024~~due ~~compared~~ to ~~fiscal~~the ~~2023~~decrease asin athe ~~result~~cost of ~~the~~products ~~decrease~~sold inpercentage ~~North~~noted ~~American Motorized net sales~~above.

The ~~decrease~~increase of $~~164~~10,~~875~~206 in North American ~~Motorized~~Towable ~~gross~~selling, ~~profit~~general and administrative expenses for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 compared to fiscal ~~2023~~2024 was ~~driven~~primarily bydue to the ~~decrease~~impact of the increase in North American Towable net sales and income before income taxes, ~~while~~which ~~the~~caused ~~decrease~~related commissions, incentive and other compensation to increase by $7,679. The slight increase in the ~~gross~~overall ~~profit~~selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage ~~was~~of North American Towable net sales is primarily due to ~~the~~an increase in the incentive compensation cost ofpercentage ~~products~~due ~~sold~~to ~~percentage~~the ~~noted~~increase ~~above~~in income before income taxes.

The ~~decrease~~increase of $3977,~~111~~780 in North American ~~Motorized~~Towable ~~selling,~~income ~~general~~before ~~and~~income ~~administrative~~taxes ~~expenses~~for in fiscal ~~2024~~2025 compared to fiscal ~~2023~~2024 was primarily due to the ~~decreases~~increase in North American ~~Motorized~~Towable net sales and ~~income~~the ~~before~~improvement ~~income~~in ~~taxes,~~the ~~which~~cost ~~caused~~of ~~related~~products ~~commissions~~sold percentage, ~~incentive~~as ~~and~~well ~~other~~as ~~compensation~~an toincrease ~~decrease~~of by $4014,~~330.~~797 ~~This~~in ~~decrease~~gains ~~was~~on ~~partially~~the ~~offset~~sales byof anproperty, ~~increase~~plant inand ~~professional~~equipment ~~fees~~primarily ~~and~~related ~~settlement~~to ~~and~~the RVstrategic ~~repurchase~~organizational ~~costs~~restructuring of ~~$5,690.~~the ~~The~~Heartland ~~increase~~towable operations in ~~the~~fiscal ~~overall~~2025. ~~selling,~~The ~~general~~primary ~~and~~reason ~~administrative~~for ~~expense~~the asincrease ain ~~percentage~~the ofincome ~~North~~before ~~American~~income ~~Motorized~~taxes ~~net~~percentage ~~sales~~ was ~~primarily~~the ~~due~~decrease toin the ~~decrease~~cost inof ~~North~~products ~~American~~sold ~~Motorized~~percentage ~~net~~noted ~~sales~~above.

The decrease of $128,711 in North American Motorized income before income taxes for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 was primarily due to the decrease in North American Motorized net sales, and the primary reasons for the decrease in the percentage of North American Motorized net sales were the increases in the cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expense percentages noted above.

~~European~~North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles

Analysis of Change in Net Sales for Fiscal ~~2024~~2025 vs. Fiscal ~~2023~~2024

	Fiscal 2024		% ofSegmentNet Sales	Fiscal 2023		% ofSegmentNet Sales	ChangeAmount		%Change
	Fiscal 2025		% ofSegmentNet Sales	Fiscal 2024		% ofSegmentNet Sales	ChangeAmount		%Change
NET SALES:
European
North American Motorized
Motorcaravan	$	1,747,291	51.9	$	1,409,137	46.4	$	338,154	24.0
Class A	$	633,418	29.1	$	776,836	31.8	$	(143,418)	(18.5)
Campervan	1,064,293		31.6	987,623		32.5	76,670		7.8
Class C	1,068,113		49.1	1,162,140		47.5	(94,027)		(8.1)
Caravan	235,928		7.0	358,415		11.8	(122,487)		(34.2)
Class B	474,073		21.8	506,874		20.7	(32,801)		(6.5)
Other	317,468		9.5	281,972		9.3	35,496		12.6
Total North American Motorized	$	2,175,604	100.0	$	2,445,850	100.0	$	(270,246)	(11.0)
Total European	$	3,364,980	100.0	$	3,037,147	100.0	$	327,833	10.8

	Fiscal 2024	% ofSegmentShipments	Fiscal 2023	% ofSegmentShipments	Change Amount	% Change
	Fiscal 2025	% ofSegmentShipments	Fiscal 2024	% ofSegmentShipments	ChangeAmount	%Change
# OF UNITS:
European
North American Motorized
Motorcaravan	23,300	42.1	19,391	34.8	3,909	20.2
Class A	3,301	19.2	3,838	20.5	(537)	(14.0)
Campervan	22,461	40.6	21,087	37.9	1,374	6.5
Class C	9,890	57.7	10,560	56.3	(670)	(6.3)
Caravan	9,556	17.3	15,201	27.3	(5,645)	(37.1)
Class B	3,962	23.1	4,363	23.2	(401)	(9.2)
Total European	55,317	100.0	55,679	100.0	(362)	(0.7)
Total North American Motorized	17,153	100.0	18,761	100.0	(1,608)	(8.6)

IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY, PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:
IMPACT OF CHANGE IN PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:	%Change
		Foreign Currency %	Mix and Price %	%Change
North American Motorized
European
Class A	(4.5)
Motorcaravan		2.2	1.6	3.8
Class C	(1.8)
Campervan		2.2	(0.9)	1.3
Class B	2.7
Caravan		2.2	0.7	2.9
Total North American Motorized	(2.4)
Total European		2.2	9.3	11.5

The ~~increase~~decrease in total ~~European~~North ~~Recreational~~American ~~Vehicle~~Motorized net sales of 1011.80% compared to the prior fiscal year resulted from aan ~~decrease of 0~~8.76% decrease in unit shipments and ana ~~increase of 11~~2.54% decrease in the overall net price per unit due to the ~~total~~combined impact of changes in ~~foreign currency,~~ product mix and price, which included elevated sales discounts compared to fiscal 2024. The ~~increase~~decrease in ~~European~~unit ~~Recreational~~shipments ~~Vehicle~~was ~~net~~primarily ~~sales~~due ofto ~~$327,833~~a ~~includes~~softening anin ~~increase~~current ofdealer ~~$66,670,~~and orconsumer ~~2.2%~~demand ofin comparison with the ~~10.8%~~demand ~~increase,~~in ~~due~~the prior fiscal year. According to statistics published by RVIA, for the ~~increase~~twelve inmonths ~~foreign~~ended ~~exchange~~July ~~rates~~31, in2025, ~~fiscal~~combined ~~2024~~motorhome wholesale unit shipments decreased 11.6% compared to ~~fiscal~~the ~~2023~~same period last year. ~~Sales~~According onto astatistics ~~constant~~published by Stat Surveys, for the twelve-~~currency~~month ~~basis~~periods ~~increased~~ended byJune 830, 2025 and 2024, our retail market share for motorhomes was 47.67% and 47.8%, respectively.

The decrease in the overall ~~net~~change in product mix and price per unit ~~increase~~within ofthe ~~11.5%~~Class A ~~includes~~product anline ~~increase~~ of 24.25% was primarily due to ~~the~~product ~~impact~~mix ofchanges, ~~foreign~~primarily ~~currency~~a ~~exchange~~higher ~~rate~~concentration ~~changes~~in ~~and~~fiscal a2025 ~~constant~~of the more moderately-~~currency~~priced ~~increase~~gas ofunits ~~9.3%~~as ~~due~~opposed to the ~~combined~~higher-priced ~~impact~~diesel ofunits, ~~product~~in ~~mix~~addition ~~and~~to ~~selling~~higher ~~price~~discounting ~~increases,~~levels. ~~primarily~~The ~~due~~decrease toin the ~~much~~overall ~~higher~~net ~~concentration~~price ofper unit within the ~~higher-priced~~Class ~~Motorcaravan~~C ~~sales~~product inline ~~the~~of ~~current~~1.8% ~~fiscal~~was ~~year~~primarily ~~compared~~due to higher discounting levels, and the ~~prior~~Class ~~fiscal~~B ~~year,~~product line increase of 2.7% was primarily due to ~~improved~~increases ~~supply~~from ofproduct ~~chassis~~mix changes and ~~other~~selective ~~components~~net ~~compared~~selling toprice ~~the~~increases ~~prior~~being partially offset by higher discounting levels compared to fiscal ~~year~~2024.

~~The~~North ~~constant-currency~~American ~~increases~~Motorized incost ~~the~~of ~~overall~~products ~~net~~sold ~~price~~decreased ~~per~~$203,040 ~~unit~~to ~~within~~$1,964,970, ~~the~~or ~~Motorcaravan~~90.3% ~~product~~of ~~line~~North ofAmerican 1Motorized net sales, for fiscal 2025 compared to $2,168,010, or 88.6% of North American Motorized net sales, for fiscal 2024. The changes in material, labor, freight-out and ~~the~~warranty ~~Caravan~~costs ~~product~~comprised ~~line~~$188,009 of ~~0.7%~~the ~~were~~$203,040 ~~primarily~~decrease due to the ~~impact~~decreased ofsales ~~net~~volume. ~~selling~~Material, ~~price~~labor, ~~increases~~freight-out and ~~product~~warranty ~~mix~~costs ~~changes.~~as ~~The~~a ~~constant-currency~~combined ~~decrease~~percentage inof ~~the~~motorized ~~overall~~ net ~~price~~sales ~~per~~was ~~unit~~84.1% ~~within~~for ~~the~~fiscal ~~Campervan~~2025 ~~product~~compared ~~line~~to ~~of 0~~82.94% ~~was~~for ~~primarily~~fiscal 2024, with the increase due to an increase in the ~~impact~~material ofcost percentage, primarily due to higher sales discounting and product mix changes, ~~and~~partially ~~increased~~offset ~~sales~~by ~~discounting~~a decrease in the warranty cost percentage.

~~European~~Total ~~Recreational~~manufacturing ~~Vehicle~~overhead ~~cost~~decreased ~~of products sold increased 251,966 to~~ $215,~~783,769,~~031 orwith ~~82.7%~~the ofdecrease ~~European~~in ~~Recreational Vehicle~~ net sales, ~~for~~but ~~fiscal~~remained ~~2024~~the ~~compared~~same toas ~~2,531,803,~~a orpercentage ~~83.4%~~ of ~~European~~North ~~Recreational~~American ~~Vehicle~~Motorized net sales, ~~for~~at ~~fiscal 2023~~6.2%. ~~The~~Variable ~~changes~~costs in ~~material,~~manufacturing ~~labor,~~overhead ~~freight-out~~decreased ~~and warranty costs comprised~~ $~~210~~14,~~144~~829 ofin ~~the $251,966 increase. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of European Recreational Vehicle net sales decreased to 72.5% for~~ fiscal ~~2024~~2025 compared to ~~73.4% for~~ fiscal ~~2023~~2024 ~~primarily~~as ~~due to~~ a ~~decrease~~result inof the ~~labor~~decrease ~~cost~~in ~~percentage~~North ~~from~~American ~~product~~Motorized ~~mix~~net ~~changes, mainly the increased concentration of motorcaravans which carry a lower direct labor percentage relative to their~~ sales ~~price~~. ~~The material cost and warranty cost percentages also improved slightly.~~

~~Total~~The ~~manufacturing~~decrease ~~overhead~~of ~~increased~~ $4167,~~822~~206 ~~with~~in ~~the~~North ~~increase~~American inMotorized ~~European~~gross ~~Recreational~~profit ~~Vehicle~~for ~~net~~fiscal ~~sales~~2025 ~~and~~compared ~~increased~~to asfiscal a2024 ~~percentage~~was ofdriven ~~European~~by ~~Recreational~~the ~~Vehicle~~decrease ~~net~~in ~~sales~~North ~~from~~American ~~10.0%~~Motorized tonet ~~10.2%~~sales ~~primarily~~coupled ~~due~~with tothe ~~small~~decrease ~~increases~~ in ~~manufacturing~~the ~~overhead~~gross ~~wages~~profit ~~and~~percentage, ~~benefits~~which ~~and~~is ~~depreciation~~due ~~expense~~to asthe aincrease ~~percentage~~in the cost of ~~European~~products ~~Recreational~~sold ~~Vehicle~~percentage ~~net~~noted ~~sales~~above.

The ~~increase~~decrease of $7511,~~867~~683 in ~~European~~North ~~Recreational~~American ~~Vehicle~~Motorized ~~gross~~selling, ~~profit~~general ~~for~~and administrative expenses in fiscal ~~2024~~2025 compared to fiscal ~~2023~~2024 was primarily due to the ~~increase~~decreases in ~~European~~North ~~Recreational~~American ~~Vehicle~~Motorized net sales and ~~the~~income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to decrease by $10,911. The increase in the ~~cost~~overall ofselling, ~~products~~general ~~sold~~and administrative expense as a percentage ~~noted~~of ~~above~~North American Motorized net sales was primarily due to the decrease in North American Motorized net sales.

The decrease of $2641,~~975~~153 ~~increase~~ in ~~European~~North ~~Recreational~~American ~~Vehicle~~Motorized ~~selling,~~income ~~general~~before ~~and~~income ~~administrative~~taxes ~~expenses~~ for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 compared to fiscal ~~2023~~2024 ~~included~~was primarily due to the impact of the ~~increases~~decrease in ~~European~~North ~~Recreational~~American ~~Vehicle~~Motorized net sales ~~and income before income taxes~~, ~~which~~partially ~~caused~~offset ~~related~~by ~~commissions~~$11,180 ~~incentive~~of ~~and~~insurance ~~other~~income ~~compensation~~recognized toin ~~increase~~fiscal by2025 ~~$6,732.~~as ~~Sales-related~~discussed ~~travel~~in ~~and~~Note ~~advertising~~19 ~~and~~to ~~promotional~~the ~~costs~~Consolidated ~~also~~Financial ~~increased~~Statements. ~~$11,617,~~The ~~primarily~~primary ~~due~~reason tofor ~~increased~~the ~~display~~decrease ~~space~~in at the ~~annual~~income ~~Caravan~~before ~~Salon~~income ~~show~~taxes ~~and~~percentage ~~attending~~was ~~more~~the ~~regional~~increase ~~shows~~ in ~~comparison to~~ the ~~prior~~cost ~~fiscal~~of ~~year,~~products ~~and~~sold ~~professional~~percentage ~~fees~~noted ~~also increased $2,699~~above.

The primary reason for the $51,752 increase in European Recreational Vehicle income before income taxes was the increase in European Recreational Vehicle net sales. The primary reasons for the increase in percentage was the decrease in the cost of products sold percentage noted above. Amortization expense was also 0.3% lower as a percentage of sales in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of July 31, 2024, we had $501,316 in cash and cash equivalents, of which $373,031 is held in the United States and the equivalent of $128,285, predominantly in Euros, is held in Europe, compared to $441,232 on July 31, 2023, of which $338,703 was held in the United States and the equivalent of $102,529, predominantly in Euros, was held in Europe. Cash and cash equivalents held internationally may be subject to foreign withholding taxes if repatriated to the United States. The components of the $60,084 increase in cash and cash equivalents are described in more detail below, but the increase was primarily attributable to cash provided by operations of $545,548 less cash used in financing activities of $337,677 and cash used in investing activities of $146,812.

Net working capital at July 31, 2024 was $1,083,005 compared to $1,077,098 at July 31, 2023. Capital expenditures of $139,635 for fiscal 2024 were made primarily for production building additions and improvements and replacing machinery and equipment used in the ordinary course of business.

We strive to maintain adequate cash balances to ensure we have sufficient resources to respond to opportunities and changing business conditions. In addition, the unused availability under our revolving asset-based credit facility is generally available to the Company for general operating purposes and approximated $814,000 at July 31, 2024. We believe our on-hand cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations, along with funds available under the revolving asset-based credit facility, will be sufficient to fund expected operational requirements for the foreseeable future.

Our priorities for the use of current and future available cash generated from operations remain consistent with our history, and include reducing our indebtedness, maintaining and, over time, growing our dividend payments and funding our growth, both organically and, opportunistically, through acquisitions. We may also consider strategic and opportunistic repurchases of shares of THOR stock under the share repurchase authorizations as discussed in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and special dividends based upon market and business conditions and excess cash availability, subject to potential customary limits and restrictions pursuant to our credit facilities, applicable legal limitations and determination by the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”). We believe our on-hand cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations will be sufficient to fund expected cash dividend payments and share repurchases for the foreseeable future.

~~Our~~European ~~current~~Recreational estimate of committed and internally approved capital spend for fiscal 2025 is $225,000, primarily for certain building projects and certain automation projects, as well as replacing and upgrading machinery, equipment and other assets throughout our facilities to be used in the ordinary course of business. We anticipate approximately two-thirds of our capital spend will be in North America and one-third in Europe, and that these expenditures will be funded by cash provided by our operating activities.Vehicles

~~The~~Analysis ~~Company’s~~of ~~Board~~Change ~~currently intends to continue regular quarterly cash dividend payments~~ in ~~the~~Net ~~future.~~Sales ~~As is customary under credit facilities, certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends, are subject to the satisfaction of certain payment conditions prior to payment. The conditions~~ for ~~the~~Fiscal ~~payment~~2025 ~~of dividends under the existing debt facilities include a minimum level of adjusted excess cash availability and a fixed charge coverage ratio test, both as defined in the credit agreements~~vs. ~~The~~Fiscal declaration of future dividends and the establishment of the per share amounts, record dates and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the determination of the Board, and will be dependent upon future earnings, cash flows and other factors, in addition to compliance with any then-existing financing facilities.2024


	Fiscal 2025		% of Segment Net Sales	Fiscal 2024		% of Segment Net Sales	Change Amount		% Change
NET SALES:
European
Motorcaravan	$	1,657,916	54.8	$	1,747,291	51.9	$	(89,375)	(5.1)
Campervan	837,809		27.7	1,064,293		31.6	(226,484)		(21.3)
Caravan	177,749		5.9	235,928		7.0	(58,179)		(24.7)
Other	350,487		11.6	317,468		9.5	33,019		10.4
Total European	$	3,023,961	100.0	$	3,364,980	100.0	$	(341,019)	(10.1)


	Fiscal 2025	% of Segment Shipments	Fiscal 2024	% of Segment Shipments	Change Amount	% Change
# OF UNITS:
European
Motorcaravan	21,787	49.0	23,300	42.1	(1,513)	(6.5)
Campervan	15,440	34.7	22,461	40.6	(7,021)	(31.3)
Caravan	7,218	16.3	9,556	17.3	(2,338)	(24.5)
Total European	44,445	100.0	55,317	100.0	(10,872)	(19.7)



IMPACT OF CHANGES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY, PRODUCT MIX AND PRICE ON NET SALES:
	Foreign Currency %	Mix and Price %	% Change

European
Motorcaravan	1.7	(0.3)	1.4
Campervan	1.7	8.3	10.0
Caravan	1.7	(1.9)	(0.2)
Total European	1.7	7.9	9.6

The decrease in total European Recreational Vehicle net sales of 10.1% compared to the prior fiscal year resulted from a decrease of 19.7% in unit shipments and an increase of 9.6% in the overall net price per unit due to the total impact of changes in foreign currency, product mix and price. The decrease in European Recreational Vehicle net sales of $341,019 includes an increase of $54,492, or 1.7% of the net 10.1% decrease, due to the change in foreign exchange rates in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. Sales on a constant-currency basis decreased by 11.8%.

The overall net price per unit increase of 9.6% includes an increase of 1.7% due to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and a constant-currency increase of 7.9% due to the combined impact of product mix and selling price increases, primarily due to the much higher concentration of Motorcaravan sales in the current-year period due primarily to improved supply of chassis and other components in fiscal 2025 as compared to fiscal 2024 and the continued trend of consumer preference toward Motorcaravans.

The constant-currency decreases in the Motorcaravan product line of 0.3% and in the Caravan product line of 1.9% were both primarily due to the impact of increased sales discounting. The constant-currency increase in the overall net price per unit within the Campervan product line of 8.3% was primarily due to fiscal 2025 including a higher concentration of Campervan units with a purchased chassis that is included in the unit sales price as opposed to a customer-supplied chassis that is not included in the unit sales price.

European Recreational Vehicle cost of products sold decreased $220,127 to $2,563,642, or 84.8% of European Recreational Vehicle net sales, for fiscal 2025 compared to $2,783,769, or 82.7% of European Recreational Vehicle net sales, for fiscal 2024. Changes in material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs comprised $221,246 of the $220,127 decrease. Material, labor, freight-out and warranty costs as a combined percentage of European Recreational Vehicle net sales increased to 73.4% for fiscal 2025 compared to 72.5% for fiscal 2024 with the increase primarily due to an increase in the material cost percentage due to increased sales discounting.

Total manufacturing overhead increased a slight $1,119 but increased as a percentage of European Recreational Vehicle net sales from 10.2% to 11.4% primarily due to the net sales decrease resulting in higher overhead costs per unit sold.

The decrease of $120,892 in European Recreational Vehicle gross profit for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to the decrease in European Recreational Vehicle net sales coupled with the decrease in gross profit percentage, which was primarily due to the increases in both the material and manufacturing overhead cost percentages noted above.

The $8,241 increase in European Recreational Vehicle selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to a total of $6,686 in employee separation costs and an increase in repurchase and dealer financing costs of $7,033. These increases were partially offset by the impact of the decrease in European Recreational Vehicle net sales and income before income taxes, which caused related commissions, incentive and other compensation to decrease by $5,066. The increase in the overall selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of European Recreational Vehicle net sales was primarily due to the decrease in European Recreational Vehicle net sales.

The decrease of $129,743 in European Recreational Vehicle income before income taxes for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 was primarily due to the impact of the 10.1% decrease in European Recreational Vehicle net sales. The primary reasons for the decrease in the income before income taxes percentage were the increases in both the cost of products sold and selling, general and administrative expense percentages noted above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of July 31, 2025, we had $586,596 in cash and cash equivalents, of which $412,088 is held in the United States and the equivalent of $174,508, predominantly in Euros, is held in Europe, compared to $501,316 on July 31, 2024, of which $373,031 was held in the United States and the equivalent of $128,285, predominantly in Euros, was held in Europe. Cash and cash equivalents held internationally may be subject to foreign withholding taxes if repatriated to the United States. The components of the $85,280 increase in cash and cash equivalents are described in more detail below, but the increase was primarily attributable to cash provided by operations of $577,923 less cash used in financing activities of $426,306 and cash used in investing activities of $64,465.

Net working capital at July 31, 2025 was $1,193,279 compared to $1,083,005 at July 31, 2024. Capital expenditures of $122,987 for fiscal 2025 were made primarily for production building additions and improvements and replacing machinery and equipment used in the ordinary course of business.

We strive to maintain adequate cash balances to ensure we have sufficient resources to respond to opportunities and changing business conditions. In addition, the unused availability under our revolving asset-based credit facility is generally available to the Company for general operating purposes and approximated $840,000 at July 31, 2025. We believe our on-hand cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations, along with funds available under the revolving asset-based credit facility, will be sufficient to fund expected operational requirements for the foreseeable future.

Our priorities for the use of current and future available cash generated from operations remain consistent with our history, and include reducing our indebtedness, maintaining and, over time, growing our dividend payments and funding our growth, both organically and, opportunistically, through acquisitions. We may also consider strategic and opportunistic repurchases of shares of THOR stock under the share repurchase authorizations as discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and special dividends based upon market and business conditions and excess cash availability, subject to potential customary limits and restrictions pursuant to our credit facilities, applicable legal limitations and determination by the Company's Board of Directors ("Board"). We believe our on-hand cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations will be sufficient to fund expected cash dividend payments and share repurchases for the foreseeable future.

Our current estimate of committed and internally approved capital spend for fiscal 2026 is $225,000, primarily for certain building projects as well as replacing and upgrading machinery, equipment and other assets throughout our facilities to be used in the ordinary course of business. We anticipate approximately two-thirds will be in North America and one-third in Europe, and that these expenditures will be funded by cash provided by our operating activities.

The Company’s Board currently intends to continue regular quarterly cash dividend payments in the future. As is customary under credit facilities, certain actions, including our ability to pay dividends, are subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions prior to payment. The conditions for the payment of dividends under the existing debt facilities include a minimum level of adjusted excess cash availability and a fixed charge coverage ratio test, both as defined in the credit agreements. The declaration of future dividends and the establishment of the per share amounts, record dates and payment dates for any such future dividends are subject to the determination of the Board, and will be dependent upon future earnings, cash flows and other factors, in addition to compliance with any then-existing financing facilities.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 was $~~545~~577,~~548~~923 as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $~~981~~545,~~633~~548 for fiscal ~~2023~~2024.

For fiscal 2025, net income adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles, deferred income tax benefit and stock-based compensation) provided $512,046 of operating cash. The change in net working capital provided additional operating cash of $65,877 during fiscal 2025, primarily due to an increase in accounts payable from extending vendor payment terms on certain raw material purchases, partially offset by required income tax payments exceeding the income tax provisions for fiscal 2025.

For fiscal 2024, net income adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles, deferred income tax benefit and stock-based compensation) provided $564,153 of operating cash. The change in net working capital used operating cash of $18,605 during fiscal 2024, primarily due to a reduction in inventory levels being more than offset by a decrease in accounts payable associated with the decrease in inventory levels, required income tax payments exceeding the income tax provision for fiscal 2024 and a decrease in certain accrued liabilities as a result of the reduction in sales and production compared to fiscal 2023.

For fiscal 2023, net income adjusted for non-cash items (primarily depreciation, amortization of intangibles, deferred income tax benefit and stock-based compensation) provided $664,339 of operating cash. The change in net working capital provided additional operating cash of $317,294 during fiscal 2023, primarily due to decreases in accounts receivable due to lower sales levels and a reduction in inventory levels.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2025 was $64,465, primarily due to capital expenditures of $122,987 being partially offset by proceeds from the dispositions of property, plant and equipment of $63,305.

Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2024 was $146,812, primarily due to capital expenditures of $139,635.

Net cash used in investing activities for fiscal 2023 was $222,483, primarily due to capital expenditures of $208,194.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for fiscal ~~2024~~2025 was $~~337~~426,~~677~~306, ~~including~~primarily ~~borrowings of $113,502 on the asset-based credit facility~~ for ~~temporary working capital needs and subsequent payments of $111,555 on the asset-based credit facility. In addition, borrowings of $186,723 were made in connection with the~~ debt ~~refinancing as discussed in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and~~ payments ~~totaling $340,619 were made~~ on the term-loan credit facilities, of ~~which~~ $~~127~~205,~~626~~000 ~~was~~and ~~paid~~on inother ~~connection with the~~ debt ~~refinancing.~~of ~~Additionally~~31,993 ~~the~~as ~~Company~~well ~~made~~as regular quarterly ~~cash~~ dividend payments of $0.4850 per share for each quarter of fiscal ~~2024~~2025 totaling $~~102~~106,~~137~~130, and $6852,~~387~~647 was used for treasury share repurchases.

Net cash used in financing activities for fiscal ~~2023~~2024 was $~~635~~337,~~685~~677, including borrowings of $113,502 on the asset-based credit facility for temporary working capital needs and subsequent payments of $~~100~~111,~~000~~555 on the ~~ABL~~asset-based credit facility. In addition, borrowings of $186,723 were made in connection with the debt refinancing discussed in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and payments totaling $~~402~~340,~~355~~619 were made on the term-loan credit facilities, of which $127,626 was paid in connection with the debt refinancing. Additionally, the Company made regular quarterly cash dividend payments of $0.4548 per share for each quarter of fiscal ~~2023~~2024 totaling $95102,~~969~~137, and $4268,~~007~~387 was used for treasury share repurchases.

The Company increased its previous regular quarterly dividend of $0.4548 per share to $0.4850 per share in October ~~2023~~2024. The Company increased its previous regular quarterly dividend of $0.4345 per share to $0.4548 per share in October ~~2022~~2023.

4648

Principal Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

Our principal contractual obligations and commercial commitments at July 31, ~~2024~~2025 are summarized in the following charts. Unrecognized income tax benefits in the amount of $1213,~~405~~688 have been excluded from the table because we are unable to determine a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of future payment. We have no other material off-balance sheet commitments.

	Payments Due By Period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Fiscal ~~2025~~2026		Fiscal ~~2026-~~2027-2028		Fiscal ~~2028-~~2029-2030		After 5 Years
Debt principal payments (1)	$	1933,~~151,279~~812	$	323,~~650~~367	$	511,~~838~~331	$	10505,~~720~~608	$	1413,~~102,071~~506
Finance leases (2)	$	32,~~144~~062	$	1,~~083~~107	$	~~2,003~~955	$	58—	$	—
Operating leases (2)	$	5957,~~678~~348	$	17,~~182~~476	$	20,~~373~~181	$	86,~~445~~902	$	1312,~~678~~789
Purchase obligations (3)	$	~~191~~201,~~621~~391	$	~~191~~201,~~621~~391	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total contractual cash obligations	$	1,~~405~~194,~~722~~613	$	~~242~~223,~~536~~341	$	2832,~~214~~467	$	19512,~~223~~510	$	1426,~~115,749~~295

(1)See Note 1312 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(2)See Note 1615 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(3)Represent commitments to purchase specified quantities of raw materials at market prices. The dollar values above have been estimated based on July 31, ~~2024~~2025 market prices.

Total Amounts Committed

Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period

Other Commercial Commitments

Less ThanOne Year (1)

1-3 Years

4-5 Years

Over 5 Years

Standby repurchase obligations (1)

3,~~642~~484,~~137~~235

2,~~210~~130,~~005~~127

1,~~432~~354,~~132~~108

—

(1)The standby repurchase totals above do not consider any curtailments that lower the eventual repurchase obligation totals, and these obligations generally extend up to eighteen months from the date of sale of the related product to the dealer. In estimating the expiration of the standby repurchase obligations, we used inventory reports as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 from our independent dealers’ primary lending institutions and made an assumption for obligations for inventory aged 0-12 months that it was financed evenly over the twelve-month period.

Application of Critical Accounting Estimates

See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Company’s significant accounting policies.

The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. We believe that of our accounting estimates, the following may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity:

~~Business Combinations~~49

We account for the acquisition of a business using the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including amounts attributed to non-controlling interests, are recorded at the acquisition date at their fair values. Assigning fair values requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding the fair values of identifiable intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, and liabilities, such as uncertain tax positions and contingencies. The Company may refine these estimates, if necessary, over a period not to exceed one year by taking into consideration new information that, if known at the acquisition date, would have affected the fair values ascribed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Significant estimates and assumptions are used in estimating the value of acquired identifiable intangible assets, including estimating future cash flows based on revenues and margins that the Company expects to generate following the acquisition, selecting an applicable royalty rate where needed, determining an appropriate dealer attrition rate, applying an appropriate discount rate to estimate a present value of those cash flows and determining their useful lives. Subsequent changes to projections driven by actual results following the acquisition date could require the Company to record impairment charges.

Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill results from the excess of purchase price over the net assets of an acquired business. The Company’s reporting units are generally the same as its operating segments, which are identified in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually as of May 31 of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred. The total carrying value of goodwill as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 is $1,~~786~~841,~~973~~118. See Note 76 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of changes in carrying value by fiscal year and reportable segment. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge equal to that excess is recognized, not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. As part of the annual impairment testing, the Company may utilize a qualitative approach rather than a quantitative approach to determine if an impairment exists, considering various factors including industry changes, actual results as compared to forecasted results, or the timing of a recent acquisition, if applicable.

For the Company’s May 31, ~~2024~~2025 annual impairment test, ~~multiple~~certain reporting units showed fair value exceeding carrying value by less than 25%. The aggregate value of goodwill in these reporting units is approximately 8575% of the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance. Fair values are determined using discounted cash flow models, and these estimates are subject to significant management judgment, including the determination of many factors and inputs such as, but not limited to, sales growth rates, gross margin patterns, cost growth rates, terminal value assumptions and discount rates developed using market observable inputs and consideration of risk regarding future performance. Market multiples derived from selected guideline public companies are also utilized to evaluate the discounted cash flow models. Changes in any of these estimates can have a significant impact on the determination of fair value. Additionally, market data and factors outside the Company’s control, such as interest rates, dealer and end consumer demand, consumer preferences or unexpected competition could have a significant impact on estimated fair values. Changes in any of these estimates or other factors could potentially result in future material impairments in one or more of the Company’s reporting units.

The Company’s intangible assets are dealer networks, trademarks and design technology and other intangible assets acquired in business acquisitions. Dealer networks are valued on a Discounted Cash Flow method and are amortized on an accelerated basis over 12 to 20 years, with amortization beginning after any applicable backlog amortization is completed. Trademarks and design technology assets are both valued on a Relief of Royalty method and are both amortized on a straight-line basis, using lives of 15 to 25 years for trademarks and 10 to 15 years for design technology assets, respectively. Amortizable intangible assets, net as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 totaled $~~861~~758,~~133~~758. See Note 76 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the components of that balance.

We review our tangible and intangible long-lived assets (individually or in a related group, as appropriate) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable from future cash flows attributable to the assets. We continually assess whether events or changes in circumstances represent a ‘triggering’ event that would require us to complete an impairment assessment. Factors that we consider in determining whether a triggering event has occurred include, among other things, whether there has been a significant adverse change in legal factors, business climate or competition related to the operation of the asset, whether there has been a significant decrease in actual or expected operating results related to the asset and whether there are current plans to sell or dispose of the asset. The determination of whether a triggering event has occurred is subject to significant management judgment, including at which point or fiscal quarter a triggering event has occurred when the relevant adverse factors persist over extended periods.

The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of May 31, ~~2024~~2025, and no impairment was identified. See Note 76 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets.

4850

Product Warranty

We generally provide retail customers of our products with either a one-year or two-year warranty covering defects in material or workmanship, with longer warranties on certain structural components or other items. We record a liability, which totaled $~~311~~291,~~627~~130 at July 31, ~~2024~~2025, based on our best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle unpaid existing claims and estimated future claims on products sold as of the balance sheet date. Factors we use in estimating the warranty liability include a history of retail sold units, existing THOR units in dealer inventory, historical average costs per unit incurred and a profile of the distribution of warranty expenditures over the warranty period. A significant increase in service shop rates, the cost of parts or the frequency of claims could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or periods in which such additional claims or costs materialize. Management believes that the warranty liability is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from estimates, requiring adjustments to the reserves.

Accounting Pronouncements

Reference is made to Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for a summary of recently adopted accounting pronouncements, which summary is hereby incorporated by reference.

4951

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates as well as inflation. At times, the Company enters into hedging transactions to mitigate certain of these risks in accordance with guidelines established by the Company’s management. The Company does not use financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

CURRENCY EXCHANGE RISK – The Company’s principal currency exposures mainly relate to the Euro and British Pound Sterling. The Company has used foreign currency forward contracts to manage certain foreign exchange rate exposure related to anticipated sales transactions in Pound Sterling with financial instruments whose maturity date, along with the realized gain or loss, occurs on or near the execution of the anticipated transaction.

The Company also holds $~~386~~373,~~279~~812 of debt denominated in Euros at July 31, ~~2024~~2025. A hypothetical 10% change in the Euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate would change our July 31, ~~2024~~2025 debt balance by an estimated $3837,~~628~~381.

INTEREST RATE RISK – In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates that could affect our results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to interest rate risks through our regular operations and financing activities. Based on our assumption of the Company’s floating-rate debt levels over the next 12 months, a one-percentage-point increase in interest rates (approximately 1419.16% of our weighted-average interest rate at July 31, ~~2024~~2025) would result in an estimated $64,~~026~~138 reduction in income before income taxes over a one-year period.

50COMMODITY PRICE RISK – The Company is subject to market risk from fluctuating market prices for certain purchased raw materials, including steel and aluminum, and we purchase component parts containing various commodities as well which are integrated into our manufactured products. While such materials are typically available through multiple suppliers, commodity raw materials are inherently subject to price fluctuations and could impact our results of operations. As part of its normal ongoing operations, the Company negotiates with suppliers regarding the timing and extent of any commodity price increases.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The information provided in pages F-1 through F-3435 at the end of this Report is incorporated by reference in response to this Item.

Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)


	Quarter Ended
Fiscal 2025	October 31		January 31		April 30		July 31
Net sales	$	2,142,784	$	2,018,107	$	2,894,816	$	2,523,783
Gross profit	281,442		245,197		443,119		370,883
Net income (loss) attributable to THOR Industries, Inc.	(1,832)		(551)		135,185		125,757

Earnings (loss) per common share: (1)
Basic	$	(0.03)	$	(0.01)	$	2.54	$	2.37
Diluted	$	(0.03)	$	(0.01)	$	2.53	$	2.36
Dividends paid per common share	$	0.50	$	0.50	$	0.50	$	0.50

Market prices per common share
High	$	115.86	$	118.85	$	105.75	$	97.32
Low	$	93.86	$	92.45	$	63.16	$	72.07


	Quarter Ended
Fiscal 2024	October 31		January 31		April 30		July 31
Net sales	$	2,500,759	$	2,207,369	$	2,801,113	$	2,534,167
Gross profit	357,932		270,847		421,852		401,331
Net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc.	53,565		7,217		114,511		90,015

Earnings per common share: (1)
Basic	$	1.01	$	0.14	$	2.15	$	1.70
Diluted	$	0.99	$	0.13	$	2.13	$	1.68
Dividends paid per common share	$	0.48	$	0.48	$	0.48	$	0.48

Market prices per common share
High	$	116.31	$	122.00	$	129.31	$	110.32
Low	$	84.55	$	87.52	$	96.99	$	88.37

	Quarter Ended
Fiscal 2023	October 31		January 31		April 30		July 31
Net sales	$	3,108,084	$	2,346,635	$	2,928,820	$	2,738,066
Gross profit	486,476		282,935		432,637		394,305
Net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc.	136,185		27,080		120,719		90,287
Earnings per common share: (1)
Basic	$	2.54	$	0.51	$	2.26	$	1.69
Diluted	$	2.53	$	0.50	$	2.24	$	1.68
Dividends paid per common share	$	0.45	$	0.45	$	0.45	$	0.45
Market prices per common share
High	$	96.11	$	94.46	$	105.36	$	115.52
Low	$	67.09	$	74.00	$	74.50	$	75.93

(1)Earnings (loss) per common share are computed independently for each of the quarters presented based on net income (loss) attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. The summation of the quarterly amounts will not necessarily equal the total earnings per common share reported for the year due to changes in the weighted-average shares outstanding during the year.

(1)Earnings per common share are computed independently for each of the quarters presented based on net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. The summation of the quarterly amounts will not necessarily equal the total earnings per common share reported for the year due to changes in the weighted-average shares outstanding during the year.53

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Part A – Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains “disclosure controls and procedures”, as such term is defined under Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives and the Company’s management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. The Company has carried out an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Part B – Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and members of our Board of Directors and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The Company’s management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 using the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on its assessment, management believes that as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. The report appears in Part D of this Item 9A.

Part C – Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the fourth quarter of fiscal year ~~2024~~2025, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

5254

Part D – Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of THOR Industries, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of THOR Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, of the Company and our report dated September 24, ~~2024~~2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Chicago, Illinois

September 24, ~~2024~~2025

5355

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

The Company’s Insider Trading Policy permits its directors and officers to trade Company stock under a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act, subject to compliance with applicable regulations as well as the Company’s Insider Trading Policy and share ownership requirements. The Insider Trading Policy provides that each officer or director Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement must be entered into in writing during an open trading window and at a time that the officer or director is not aware of material nonpublic information. The Company generally requires that any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement adopted by an officer or director must not expire within one year of implementation and is subject to a mandatory cooling-off period requirement.

OnNo ~~July~~director 2,or ~~2024,~~officer ~~our~~of ~~Chief~~the ~~Operating~~Company ~~Officer,~~adopted ~~Todd~~or ~~Woelfer,~~terminated ~~adopted~~ a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement ~~(providing~~or ~~for the sale of up to 22,500 shares of Company common stock) that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5~~“non-~~1(c) under the Exchange Act. Mr. Woelfer’s~~ Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” ~~provides for a mandatory cooling-off period~~ (as ~~required~~defined byin ~~Rule~~Item ~~10b5-1~~408 ~~and is scheduled to expire on September 26, 2025 or such earlier date as~~ of ~~which~~Regulation ~~all~~S-K) ofduring the ~~shares~~three ~~covered~~months byended ~~the arrangement have been sold. As of~~ July 31, ~~2024, Mr~~2025. ~~Woelfer held 72,514 shares of Company common stock not subject to trading under his Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.~~

Except as described above, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) during the three months ended July 31, 2024.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

5456

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Company has adopted a written code of ethics, the “THOR Industries, Inc. Business Ethics Policy”, which is applicable to all directors, officers and employees of the Company, including the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and other executive officers identified pursuant to this Item 10 who perform similar functions (collectively, the “Selected Officers”). In accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, a copy of the code has been posted on the Company’s website at https://ir.thorindustries.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents/default.aspx and is also available in print to any person, without charge, upon request. The Company intends to disclose any changes in or waivers from its code of ethics applicable to any Selected Officer on its website at www.thorindustries.com or by filing a Form 8-K.

The other information in response to this Item is included under the captions OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS; EXECUTIVE OFFICERS WHO ARE NOT DIRECTORS; BOARD OF DIRECTORS: STRUCTURE AND COMMITTEES AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK and DELINQUENT SECTION 16(A) REPORTS in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A, which portions of said Proxy Statement are hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required in response to this Item is contained under the captions COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS, EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION: BOARD OF DIRECTORS: STRUCTURE AND COMMITTEES AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE - DIRECTOR COMPENSATION and COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A, which portions of said Proxy Statement are hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 about the Company’s Common Stock that is authorized for issuance under the THOR Industries, Inc. 2016 Equity and Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”).

Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a)		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(b)			Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	~~939~~703,~~238~~062	(1)	$	—	(2)	~~823~~652,~~120~~508	(3)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—		—			—
Total	~~939~~703,~~238~~062		$	—		~~823~~652,~~120~~508

(1)Represents shares underlying restricted stock units and performance stock units granted pursuant to the 2016 Plan.

(2)The restricted stock units and performance stock units totaling ~~939~~703,~~238~~062 in column (a) do not have an exercise price.

(3)Represents shares remaining available for future issuance pursuant to the 2016 Plan.

The other information required in response to this Item is contained under the caption OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A, which portions of said Proxy Statement are hereby incorporated by reference.

5557

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required in response to this Item is contained under the captions CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND TRANSACTIONS WITH MANAGEMENT and BOARD OF DIRECTORS: STRUCTURE, COMMITTEES AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A, which portions of said Proxy Statement are hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required in response to this Item is contained under the caption INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FEES in the Company’s definitive Proxy Statement, to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A, which portion of said Proxy Statement is hereby incorporated by reference.

5658

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Financial Statements

						Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP (Firm ID No. 34)						F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets, July 31, 2024 and 2023						F-3
Consolidated Balance Sheets, July 31, 2025 and 2024						F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022						F-4
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended July 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023						F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022						F-5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended July 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023						F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022						F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended July 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023						F-6
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the Years Ended July 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022						F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the Years Ended July 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023						F-7

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules have been omitted since the required information is either not applicable, not material or is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(b)Exhibits

Exhibit						Description ***
2.1						Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2021, by and among the Company, AirX Intermediate, Inc. and Airx Midco, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 2021)
3.1						Thor Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 2018)
3.2						Thor Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated By-Laws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 2018)
4.1						Indenture, dated as of October 14, 2021, among the Company, the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 14, 2021)
4.2						Form of 4.000% Senior Notes due 2029 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 14, 2021)
4.3						Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 1987) (P) Rule 311
4.4						Description of Registrant's Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2020)
10.1						Thor Industries, Inc. Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2022) +
10.2						Thor Industries, Inc. Form of Indemnification Agreement for executive officers and directors of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2011) +
10.3						Amended and Restated Dealer Exclusivity Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2009, by and among Thor Industries, Inc., FreedomRoads Holding Company, LLC, FreedomRoads, LLC and certain subsidiaries of FreedomRoads, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended April 30, 2011)
10.4						Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Dealer Exclusivity Agreement between the Company, FreedomRoads Holding Company, LLC, FreedomRoads, LLC and certain subsidiaries of FreedomRoads, LLC, dated as of December 22, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2009)
10.5						THOR Industries, Inc. 2016 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company's Additional Proxy Soliciting Materials on Schedule 14A filed on December 2, 2021) +
10.6						Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Grants to Employees of the Company under the Thor Industries, Inc. 2016 Equity and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 20, 2017) +
10.7						Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Grants to Non-Employee Directors of the Company under the Thor Industries, Inc. 2016 Equity and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 20, 2017) +

10.7						Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Grants to Non-Employee Directors of the Company under the Thor Industries, Inc. 2016 Equity and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 20, 2017) +
10.8						Term Loan Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Company, as borrower, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2019, as amended April 18, 2019)
10.9						ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2019, as amended April 18, 2019)
10.10						Amendment No. 1 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 25, 2021, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended April 30, 2021)
10.11						Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and each of Robert W. Martin, Colleen Zuhl, W. Todd Woelfer, and Trevor Q. Gasper dated July 24, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023) +
10.12						Amendment No. 1 to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2021, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 2021)
10.13						Amendment No. 2 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 9, 2023, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023)
10.14						Amendment No. 2 to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2023, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023)
10.15						Amendment No. 3 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of November 15, 2023, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024)
10.16						Amendment No. 3 to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of November 15, 2023, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024)
10.17						Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and Michele McDermott dated January 29, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024) +
10.18						Amendment No. 4 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of July 1, 2024, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender*
19.1						THOR Industries, Inc. Policy ADM-2A: Insider Trading effective July 10, 2015, and revised effective February 1, 2024*
21.1						Subsidiaries of the Registrant*
23.1						Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, dated September 24, 2024*
31.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

32.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
97.1						THOR Industries, Inc.'s Amended and Restated Policy on Recoupment of Performance-Based Compensation in the Event of an Accounting Restatement*
101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document*
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
104.1						The cover page from THOR Industries Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024 formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).

Attached as Exhibits 101 to this report are the following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2024 formatted in iXBRL (Inline “eXtensible Business Reporting Language”): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) related notes to these financial statements.

*			Filed herewith
**			Furnished herewith
***			Certain schedules and exhibits referenced in certain agreements filed as exhibits hereto have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request
+			Designates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

SIGNATURES


10.8						Term Loan Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Company, as borrower, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2019, as amended April 18, 2019)
10.9						ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan, as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2019, as amended April 18, 2019)
10.10						Amendment No. 1 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of March 25, 2021, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended April 30, 2021)
10.11						Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and each of Robert W. Martin, Colleen Zuhl, W. Todd Woelfer, and Trevor Q. Gasper dated July 24, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023) +
10.12						Amendment No. 1 to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2021, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended October 31, 2021)
10.13						Amendment No. 2 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of May 9, 2023, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023)
10.14						Amendment No. 2 to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of May 1, 2023, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2023)
10.15						Amendment No. 3 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of November 15, 2023, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024)
10.16						Amendment No. 3 to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of November 15, 2023, by and among the Company, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Company, certain subsidiaries of EHG organized under the laws of Germany and a subsidiary of EHG organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024)
10.17						Form of Employment Agreement between the Company and Michele McDermott dated January 29, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024) +
10.18						Amendment No. 4 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of July 1, 2024, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Term B-1 Lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024)
19.1						THOR Industries, Inc. Policy ADM-2A: Insider Trading effective July 10, 2015, and revised effective February 1, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024)
21.1						Subsidiaries of the Registrant*
23.1						Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, dated September 24, 2025*
31.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on September 24, 2024 on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Signed)

/s/ Robert W. Martin

Robert W. Martin

Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed on September 24, 2024 by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated.

(Signed)

/s/ Robert W. Martin

(Signed)

/s/ Colleen Zuhl

Robert W. Martin

Colleen Zuhl

Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal executive officer)

(Principal financial and accounting officer)

(Signed)

/s/ Andrew E. Graves

(Signed)

/s/ Peter B. Orthwein

Andrew E. Graves

Peter B. Orthwein

Chairman of the Board

Director and Chairman Emeritus

(Signed)

/s/ Christina Hennington

(Signed)

/s/ Amelia A. Huntington

Christina Hennington

Amelia A. Huntington

Director

(Signed)

/s/ Laurel M. Hurd

(Signed)

/s/ Christopher J. Klein

Laurel M. Hurd

Christopher J. Klein

Director

(Signed)

/s/ William J. Kelley Jr.

(Signed)

/s/ Jeffrey D. Lorenger

William J. Kelley Jr.

Jeffrey D. Lorenger

Director


97.1						THOR Industries, Inc.'s Amended and Restated Policy on Recoupment of Performance-Based Compensation in the Event of an Accounting Restatement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024)
101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document*
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
104.1						The cover page from THOR Industries Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2025 formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).

Attached as Exhibits 101 to this report are the following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2025 formatted in iXBRL (Inline “eXtensible Business Reporting Language”): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) related notes to these financial statements.


*			Filed herewith
**			Furnished herewith
***			Certain schedules and exhibits referenced in certain agreements filed as exhibits hereto have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request
+			Designates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on September 24, 2025 on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

THOR INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Signed)

/s/ Robert W. Martin

Robert W. Martin

Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal executive officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed on September 24, 2025 by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated.

(Signed)

/s/ Robert W. Martin

(Signed)

/s/ Colleen Zuhl

Robert W. Martin

Colleen Zuhl

Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal executive officer)

(Principal financial and accounting officer)

(Signed)

/s/ Andrew E. Graves

(Signed)

/s/ Peter B. Orthwein

Andrew E. Graves

Peter B. Orthwein

Chairman of the Board

Director and Chairman Emeritus

(Signed)

/s/ Christina Hennington

(Signed)

/s/ Amelia A. Huntington

Christina Hennington

Amelia A. Huntington

Director

(Signed)

/s/ Laurel M. Hurd

(Signed)

/s/ Christopher J. Klein

Laurel M. Hurd

Christopher J. Klein

Director

(Signed)

/s/ William J. Kelley Jr.

(Signed)

/s/ Jeffrey D. Lorenger

William J. Kelley Jr.

Jeffrey D. Lorenger

Director

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of THOR Industries, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of THOR Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “"Company”") as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “"financial statements”"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’'s internal control over financial reporting as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated September 24, ~~2024~~2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’'s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’'s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’'s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

F-1

Valuation of Goodwill—Airxcel ~~and Heartland~~ Reporting ~~Units~~Unit—Refer to Notes 1 and 76 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred. The Company typically utilizes a quantitative assessment to test for impairment, which involves a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value. Fair values are determined using discounted cash flow models, and these estimates are subject to significant management judgment, including the determination of many factors and inputs such as, but not limited to, sales growth rates, gross margin patterns, cost growth rates, terminal value assumptions and discount rates developed using market observable inputs and consideration of risk regarding future performance. ~~Market~~The implied valuation multiples from the discounted cash flow models are also assessed relative to market multiples derived from ~~selected~~selective guideline public companies ~~are~~to ~~also~~evaluate ~~utilized~~the toreasonableness ~~evaluate~~of the discounted cash flow ~~models~~model results. Changes in any of these estimates can have a significant impact on the determination of cash flows and fair value and could potentially result in future material impairments. The goodwill balance was $1,~~787~~841 million as of July 31, ~~2024~~2025, of which $~~389~~392 million was allocated to the Airxcel reporting unit ~~and $113 million allocated to the Heartland reporting unit~~. As a result of the assessment performed by the Company during the year ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company concluded that the fair ~~values~~value of the Airxcel ~~and Heartland~~ reporting ~~units~~unit exceeded ~~their~~its carrying ~~values~~value and that there was no impairment of Airxcel ~~and Heartland~~ reporting unit goodwill.

We identified the valuation of goodwill for the Airxcel ~~and Heartland~~ reporting ~~units~~unit as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to estimate the fair value of ~~these~~the reporting ~~units~~unit and the ~~differences~~difference between the fair value of ~~these~~the reporting ~~units~~unit and ~~their~~its carrying ~~values~~value. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s sales growth rates and the selection of the discount ~~rates~~rate used in the discounted cash flow ~~models~~model.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the sales growth rates and discount ~~rates~~rate used by management to estimate the fair value of the Airxcel ~~and Heartland~~ reporting ~~units~~unit included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s determination of the reporting ~~units~~unit’s fair ~~values~~value, including controls related to sales growth rates and management’s selection of the discount ~~rates~~rate.

•We evaluated the reasonableness of the sales growth rates by comparing forecasted sales to historical operating results, internal information communicated to management and the Board of Directors, external data encompassing the recreational vehicle industry, and information furnished to the public by the Company, its peers, and analysts following the Company and the industry.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount ~~rates~~rate, including testing the underlying source information and the mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and developing ~~ranges~~a range of independent estimates and comparing ~~those~~the range to the discount ~~rates~~rate selected by management.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Chicago, Illinois

September 24, ~~2024~~2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1981.

F-2

THOR Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets, July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

July 31, 2024

July 31, 2023

July 31, 2025

July 31, 2024

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

~~501~~586,~~316~~596

~~441~~501,~~232~~316

Accounts receivable, trade, net

~~502~~541,~~301~~713

~~543~~502,~~865~~301

Accounts receivable, other, net

~~198~~165,~~594~~650

99198,~~354~~594

Inventories, net

1,~~366~~351,~~638~~796

1,~~653~~366,~~070~~638

Prepaid income taxes, expenses and other

81132,~~178~~220

5681,~~059~~178

Total current assets

2,~~650~~777,~~027~~975

2,~~793~~650,~~580~~027

Property, plant and equipment, net

1,~~390~~315,~~718~~728

1,~~387~~390,~~808~~718

Other assets:

Goodwill

1,~~786~~841,~~973~~118

1,~~800~~786,~~422~~973

Amortizable intangible assets, net

~~861~~758,~~133~~758

~~996~~861,~~979~~133

Deferred income tax assets, net

2835,~~414~~668

528,~~770~~414

Equity investments

~~137~~136,~~272~~784

~~126~~137,~~909~~272

Other

~~166~~199,~~286~~253

~~149~~166,~~362~~286

Total other assets

2,~~980~~971,~~078~~581

32,~~079~~980,~~442~~078

TOTAL ASSETS

7,~~020~~065,~~823~~284

7,~~260~~020,~~830~~823

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

~~628~~738,~~134~~143

~~736~~628,~~275~~134

Current portion of long-term debt

323,~~650~~367

1132,~~368~~650

Short-term financial obligations

7260,~~051~~112

4972,~~433~~051

Accrued liabilities:

Compensation and related items

~~185~~178,~~249~~259

~~189~~185,~~324~~249

Product warranties

~~311~~291,~~627~~130

~~345~~311,~~197~~627

Income and other taxes

7459,~~987~~392

~~100~~74,~~631~~987

Promotions and rebates

~~169~~162,~~928~~477

~~163~~169,~~410~~928

Product, property and related liabilities

3218,~~278~~634

5432,~~720~~278

Other

6073,~~118~~182

6660,~~124~~118

Total current liabilities

1,~~567~~584,~~022~~696

1,~~716~~567,~~482~~022

Long-term debt

1919,~~101,265~~612

1,~~291~~101,~~311~~265

Deferred income tax liabilities, net

7454,~~401~~404

7574,~~668~~401

Unrecognized tax benefits

12,~~405~~175

1412,~~835~~405

Other liabilities

~~191~~204,~~677~~845

~~179~~191,~~136~~677

Total long-term liabilities

1,~~379~~191,~~748~~036

1,~~560~~379,~~950~~748

Contingent liabilities and commitments

Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock—authorized 1,000,000 shares; none outstanding

—

Common stock—par value of $.10 per share; authorized 250,000,000 shares; issued 66,859,738 and 66,344,340 shares, respectively

6,686

6,634

Common stock—par value of $.10 per share; authorized 250,000,000 shares; issued 67,282,807 and 66,859,738 shares, respectively

6,728

6,686

Additional paid-in capital

~~577~~608,~~015~~481

~~539~~577,~~032~~015

Retained earnings

4,~~254~~407,~~734~~163

4,~~091~~254,~~563~~734

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax

(93,706)

(68,547)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

10,390

(93,706)

Less treasury shares of 13,928,314 and 13,030,030, respectively, at cost

(677,299)

(592,667)

Less treasury shares of 14,649,597 and 13,928,314, respectively, at cost

(744,264)

(677,299)

Stockholders’ equity attributable to THOR Industries, Inc.

4,~~067~~288,~~430~~498

34,~~976~~067,~~015~~430

Non-controlling interests

61,~~623~~054

76,~~383~~623

Total stockholders’ equity

4,~~074~~289,~~053~~552

34,~~983~~074,~~398~~053

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

7,~~020~~065,~~823~~284

7,~~260~~020,~~830~~823

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-3

THOR Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

2024

2023

2022

2025

2024

2023

Net sales

109,~~043~~579,~~408~~490

1110,~~121~~043,~~605~~408

1611,~~312~~121,~~525~~605

Cost of products sold

8,~~591~~238,~~446~~849

98,~~525~~591,~~252~~446

139,~~506~~525,~~495~~252

Gross profit

1,~~451~~340,~~962~~641

1,~~596~~451,~~353~~962

21,~~806~~596,~~030~~353

Selling, general and administrative expenses

~~895~~922,~~531~~554

~~870~~895,~~054~~531

1870,~~116,462~~054

Amortization of intangible assets

~~132~~119,~~544~~027

~~140~~132,~~808~~544

~~156~~140,~~946~~808

Interest expense, net

8848,~~666~~441

9788,~~447~~666

9097,~~092~~447

Other income, net

1345,~~623~~572

1113,~~309~~623

1711,~~334~~309

Income before income taxes

~~348~~296,~~844~~191

~~499~~348,~~353~~844

1499,~~459,864~~353

Income taxes

8339,~~444~~600

~~125~~83,~~113~~444

~~321~~125,~~621~~113

Net income

~~265~~256,~~400~~591

~~374~~265,~~240~~400

1374,~~138,243~~240

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests

92(1,968)

~~(31)~~92

~~439~~(31)

Net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc.

~~265~~258,~~308~~559

~~374~~265,~~271~~308

1374,~~137,804~~271

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:

Basic

53,~~248~~085,~~488~~577

53,~~478~~248,~~310~~488

5553,~~034~~478,~~653~~310

Diluted

53,~~687~~400,~~377~~306

53,~~857~~687,~~143~~377

5553,~~264~~857,~~046~~143

Earnings per common share:

Basic

4.9887

74.0098

207.6700

Diluted

4.9484

64.9594

206.5995

Comprehensive income:

Net income

~~265~~256,~~400~~591

~~374~~265,~~240~~400

1374,~~138,243~~240

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Foreign currency translation gain (loss), net of tax

~~(25~~99,~~925)~~230

~~114~~(25,~~164~~925)

~~(239~~114,~~038)~~164

Unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives, net of tax

—

(675)

9,330

Unrealized (loss) on derivatives, net of tax

—

(675)

Other income (loss), net of tax

~~(86)~~1,265

(~~807~~86)

~~2,047~~(807)

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

~~(26~~100,~~011)~~495

~~112~~(26,~~682~~011)

~~(227~~112,~~661)~~682

Total comprehensive income

~~239~~357,~~389~~086

~~486~~239,~~922~~389

~~910~~486,~~582~~922

Comprehensive (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest

(~~760~~5,569)

(~~409~~760)

(~~994~~409)

Comprehensive income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc.

~~240~~362,~~149~~655

~~487~~240,~~331~~149

~~911~~487,~~576~~331

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-4

THOR Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

								Accumulated					Stockholders’
				Additional				Other					Equity		Non-		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury Stock			Attributable		controlling		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss), net		Shares	Amount		to THOR		Interests		Equity
Balance at August 1, 2021	65,651,570	$	6,565	$	460,482	$	2,770,401	$	44,621	10,285,329	$	(360,226)	$	2,921,843	$	26,263	$	2,948,106
Balance at August 1, 2022	66,059,403	$	6,606	$	497,946	$	3,813,261	$	(181,607)	12,382,441	$	(543,344)	$	3,592,862	$	7,792	$	3,600,654
Net income	—	—		—		1,137,804		—		—	—		1,137,804		439		1,138,243
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		1,944,243	(165,107)		(165,107)		—		(165,107)
Restricted stock unit activity	407,833	41		4,527		—		—		152,869	(18,011)		(13,443)		—		(13,443)
Cash dividends $1.72 per common share	—	—		—		(94,944)		—		—	—		(94,944)		—		(94,944)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		31,421		—		—		—	—		31,421		—		31,421
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		(226,228)		—	—		(226,228)		(1,433)		(227,661)
Dividend paid to non-controlling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(555)		(555)
Acquisitions	—	—		1,516		—		—		—	—		1,516		(16,922)		(15,406)
Balance at July 31, 2022	66,059,403	$	6,606	$	497,946	$	3,813,261	$	(181,607)	12,382,441	$	(543,344)	$	3,592,862	$	7,792	$	3,600,654
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		374,271		—		—	—		374,271		(31)		374,240
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		549,532	(42,007)		(42,007)		—		(42,007)
Restricted stock unit activity	284,937	28		1,574		—		—		98,057	(7,316)		(5,714)		—		(5,714)
Cash dividends $1.80 per common share	—	—		—		(95,969)		—		—	—		(95,969)		—		(95,969)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		39,512		—		—		—	—		39,512		—		39,512
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		113,060		—	—		113,060		(378)		112,682
Balance at July 31, 2023	66,344,340	$	6,634	$	539,032	$	4,091,563	$	(68,547)	13,030,030	$	(592,667)	$	3,976,015	$	7,383	$	3,983,398
Net income	—	—		—		265,308		—		—	—		265,308		92		265,400
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		720,997	(68,387)		(68,387)		—		(68,387)
Restricted stock unit activity	515,398	52		82		—		—		177,287	(16,245)		(16,111)		—		(16,111)
Cash dividends $1.92 per common share	—	—		—		(102,137)		—		—	—		(102,137)		—		(102,137)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		37,901		—		—		—	—		37,901		—		37,901
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		(25,159)		—	—		(25,159)		(852)		(26,011)
Other comprehensive (loss)	—	—		—		—		(25,159)		—	—		(25,159)		(852)		(26,011)
Balance at July 31, 2024	66,859,738	$	6,686	$	577,015	$	4,254,734	$	(93,706)	13,928,314	$	(677,299)	$	4,067,430	$	6,623	$	4,074,053
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		258,559		—		—	—		258,559		(1,968)		256,591
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—		—		—		—		586,558	(52,647)		(52,647)		—		(52,647)
Restricted stock unit activity	423,069	42		594		—		—		134,725	(14,318)		(13,682)		—		(13,682)
Cash dividends $2.00 per common share	—	—		—		(106,130)		—		—	—		(106,130)		—		(106,130)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		30,872		—		—		—	—		30,872		—		30,872
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		104,096		—	—		104,096		(3,601)		100,495
Balance at July 31, 2025	67,282,807	$	6,728	$	608,481	$	4,407,163	$	10,390	14,649,597	$	(744,264)	$	4,288,498	$	1,054	$	4,289,552

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-5

THOR Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023

(amounts in thousands)

	2024		2023		2022
	2025		2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	~~265~~256,~~400~~591	$	~~374~~265,~~240~~400	$	1374,~~138,243~~240
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation	~~144~~152,~~601~~180		~~136~~144,~~120~~601		~~127~~136,~~507~~120
Amortization of intangibles	~~132~~119,~~544~~027		~~140~~132,~~808~~544		~~156~~140,~~946~~808
Amortization of debt issuance costs and extinguishment charges	187,~~274~~342		1118,~~455~~274		11,~~322~~455
Deferred income tax benefit	(2429,~~970~~502)		(3424,~~477~~970)		(5134,~~885~~477)
Gain on disposition of property, plant and equipment	(924,~~597~~464)		(39,~~319~~597)		(73,~~564~~319)
Stock-based compensation expense	3730,~~901~~872		3937,~~512~~901		3139,~~421~~512
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	~~(60~~6,~~153)~~690		~~313~~(60,~~410~~153)		39313,~~247~~410
Inventories	~~236~~29,~~916~~122		~~109~~236,~~975~~916		~~(381~~109,~~543)~~975
Prepaid income taxes, expenses and other	(2612,~~840~~048)		1(26,~~052~~840)		~~(13~~1,~~884)~~052
Accounts payable	~~(101~~90,~~910)~~409		(~~120~~101,~~684~~910)		(~~116~~120,~~608~~684)
Accrued liabilities and other	(8563,~~081~~535)		~~295~~(85,081)		~~78,385~~295
Long-term liabilities and other	1815,~~463~~239		1318,~~246~~463		~~(21~~13,~~471)~~246
Net cash provided by operating activities	~~545~~577,~~548~~923		~~981~~545,~~633~~548		~~990~~981,~~116~~633
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(~~139~~122,~~635~~987)		(~~208~~139,~~194~~635)		(~~242~~208,~~357~~194)
Proceeds from dispositions of property, plant and equipment	2463,~~927~~305		1324,~~655~~927		1613,~~067~~655
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	~~(7,314)~~—		(67,~~184~~314)		(~~781~~6,~~967~~184)
Other	(244,~~790~~783)		(2124,~~760~~790)		(4121,~~000~~760)
Net cash used in investing activities	(~~146~~64,~~812~~465)		(~~222~~146,~~483~~812)		(1222,~~049,257~~483)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on term-loan credit facilities	~~186,723~~—		—186,723		—
Payments on term-loan credit facilities	(~~340~~205,~~619~~000)		(~~402~~340,~~355~~619)		(~~332~~402,~~907~~355)
Borrowings on revolving asset-based credit facilities	~~113,502~~—		—113,502		~~660,088~~—
Payments on revolving asset-based credit facilities	~~(111,555)~~—		(~~100~~111,~~000~~555)		(~~559~~100,~~035~~000)
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes	—		—		500,000
Payments on other debt	(31,993)		(11,152)		(11,968)
Payments on other debt	(11,152)		(11,968)		(11,535)
Payments of debt issuance costs	—		(10,480)		—
Payments of debt issuance costs	(10,480)		—		(8,445)
Cash dividends paid	(106,130)		(102,137)		(95,969)
Cash dividends paid	(102,137)		(95,969)		(94,944)
Payments on finance lease obligations	(855)		(755)		(1,215)
Payments on finance lease obligations	(755)		(1,215)		(1,084)
Purchase of treasury shares	(52,647)		(68,387)		(42,007)
Purchase of treasury shares	(68,387)		(42,007)		(165,107)
Payments related to vesting of stock-based awards	(14,318)		(16,245)		(7,316)
Payments related to vesting of stock-based awards	(16,245)		(7,316)		(18,011)
Short-term financial obligations and other, net	(15,363)		23,428		25,145
Other	23,428		25,145		(16,861)
Net cash used in financing activities	(426,306)		(337,677)		(635,685)
Net cash used in financing activities	(337,677)		(635,685)		(47,841)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(1,872)		(975)		6,214
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(975)		6,214		(30,171)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	85,280		60,084		129,679
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	60,084		129,679		(137,153)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	501,316		441,232		311,553
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	441,232		311,553		448,706
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	586,596	$	501,316	$	441,232
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	501,316	$	441,232	$	311,553
Supplemental cash flow information:
Income taxes paid	$	~~147~~108,~~126~~822	$	~~143~~147,~~077~~126	$	~~380~~143,~~874~~077
Interest paid	$	8658,~~421~~626	$	9586,~~383~~421	$	7495,~~455~~383
Non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Capital expenditures in accounts payable	$	54,~~429~~058	$	5,~~447~~429	$	45,~~733~~447

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-6

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the Years Ended July 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023

(All Dollar and Euro amounts are presented in thousands, except share and per share data or as otherwise specified)

1.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations – THOR Industries, Inc. was founded in 1980 and is the sole owner of operating subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “THOR”), that, combined, represent the world’s largest manufacturer of recreational vehicles (“RVs”) by units sold and revenue. The Company manufactures a wide variety of RVs in the United States and Europe and sells those vehicles, as well as related parts and accessories, primarily to independent, non-franchise dealers throughout the United States, Canada and Europe. Unless the context requires or indicates otherwise, all references to “THOR,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to THOR Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

The Company’s business activities are primarily comprised of three distinct operations, which include the design, manufacture and sale of North American Towable Recreational Vehicles, North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles and European Recreational Vehicles, with the European vehicles including both towable and motorized products as well as other RV-related products and services. Accordingly, the Company has presented financial information for these three segments in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of THOR Industries, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company consolidates all majority-owned subsidiaries, and all intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The results of any companies acquired during a year are included in the consolidated financial statements for the applicable year from the effective date of the acquisition.

Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Key estimates include the valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, reserves for inventory, incurred but not reported medical claims, warranty claims, dealer promotional accruals, workers’ compensation claims, vehicle repurchases, uncertain tax positions, product and non-product litigation and assumptions made in asset impairment assessments. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company believes that such estimates are made using consistent and appropriate methods. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Interest-bearing deposits and other investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents. At July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and July 31, ~~2023~~2024, cash and cash equivalents of $~~318~~329,~~918~~358 and $~~316~~318,~~401~~918, respectively, were held by one U.S. financial institution. In addition, at July 31, ~~2024~~2025 and July 31, ~~2023~~2024, the equivalent of $90121,~~816~~092 and $6890,~~170~~816, respectively, was held in Euros by one European financial institution. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by a financial institution holding cash in excess of federally insured limits. The Company mitigates risk by using large financial institutions and short-term money market instruments that are direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury and/or repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury obligations. The Company has not experienced any realized losses on its cash and cash equivalents.

Derivatives – The Company uses derivative financial instruments to manage its risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments of a speculative nature or for trading purposes. The Company records all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value using available market information and other observable data. See Note 43 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments – The fair value of long-term debt is discussed in Note 1312 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Inventories – Inventories are primarily determined on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis, with the remainder on the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) basis. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, except for inventories determined based on LIFO, which are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Manufacturing costs included in inventory include materials, labor, freight-in and manufacturing overhead. Unallocated overhead and abnormal costs are expensed as incurred.

F-7

Depreciation – Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Buildings and improvements – 10 to 39 years

Machinery and equipment – 3 to 10 years

Rental vehicles – 6 years

Depreciation expense is recorded in cost of products sold, except for $2425,~~240~~420, $2624,~~999~~240 and $2526,~~388~~999 in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively, which relates primarily to office buildings and office equipment and is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Business Combinations – The Company accounts for the acquisition of a business using the acquisition method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including amounts attributed to noncontrolling interests, are recorded at the acquisition date at their fair values. Assigning fair values requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding the fair value of identifiable intangible assets, inventory, property, plant and equipment, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, and liabilities, such as uncertain tax positions and contingencies. The Company may refine these estimates, if necessary, over a period not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, by taking into consideration new information that, if known at the acquisition date, would have affected the fair values ascribed to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Goodwill – Goodwill results from the excess of purchase price over the net assets of an acquired business. The Company’s reporting units are generally the same as its operating segments, which are identified in Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually as of May 31 of each fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment may have occurred. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge equal to that excess is recognized, not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Long-lived Assets – Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangibles that are amortized, amongst others, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable from future cash flows. If the carrying value of a long-lived asset or asset group is impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. Intangible assets consist of trademarks, dealer networks/customer relationships, design technology and non-compete agreements. Trademarks are amortized on a straight-line basis over 15 to 25 years. Dealer networks/customer relationships are amortized on an accelerated basis over 12 to 20 years, with amortization beginning after backlog amortization is completed, if applicable. Design technology and non-compete agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over 2 to 15 years.

Product Warranties – Estimated warranty costs are provided at the time of sale of the related products. See Note 1211 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Insurance Reserves – Generally, the Company is self-insured for workers’ compensation, products liability and group medical insurance. Upon the exhaustion of the applicable deductibles or retentions, the Company maintains insurance coverage. Under these plans, liabilities are recognized for claims incurred, including those incurred but not reported. The liability for workers’ compensation claims is determined by the Company with the assistance of a third-party administrator and actuary using various state statutes and historical claims experience. Group medical reserves are estimated using historical claims experience. The Company has established a liability for product liability and personal injury occurrences based on historical data, known cases and actuarial information.

Revenue Recognition – Revenue is recognized as performance obligations under the terms of contracts with customers are satisfied. The Company’s recreational vehicle and other sales contracts have a single performance obligation of providing the promised goods (recreational vehicles or component parts, as applicable), which is satisfied when control of the goods is transferred to the customer.

For recreational vehicle sales, the Company recognizes revenue when its performance obligation has been satisfied and control of the product is transferred to the dealer, which generally aligns with shipping terms. Shipping terms vary depending on regional contracting practices. U.S. customers primarily contract under FOB shipping point terms. European customers generally contract on ExWorks (“EXW”) incoterms (meaning the seller fulfills its obligation to deliver when it makes goods available at its premises, or another specified location, for the buyer to collect). Under EXW incoterms, the performance obligation is satisfied and control is transferred at the point when the customer is notified that the vehicle is available for pickup. Customers do not have a right of return. Most warranties provided are assurance-type warranties.

F-8

In addition to recreational vehicle sales, the Company also sells specialized component parts and aluminum extrusions to RV original equipment manufacturers and aftermarket sales through dealers and retailers. The Company’s European recreational vehicle reportable segment also sells accessory items and provides repair services through our two owned dealerships. Each part or item represents a distinct performance obligation satisfied when control of the good is transferred to the customer. Service and repair contracts with customers are short term in nature and are recognized when the service is complete.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for the Company’s products and services. The amount of revenue recognized includes adjustments for any variable consideration, such as sales discounts, sales allowances, promotions, rebates and other sales incentives which are included in the transaction price and allocated to each performance obligation based on the standalone selling price. The Company estimates variable consideration based on the expected value of total consideration to which customers are likely to be entitled to based primarily on historical experience and current market conditions. Included in the estimate is an assessment as to whether any variable consideration is constrained. Revenue estimates are adjusted at the earlier of a change in the expected value of consideration or when the consideration becomes fixed. During fiscal ~~2024~~2025, fiscal ~~2023~~2024 and fiscal ~~2022~~2023, adjustments to revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, which relate primarily to changes in estimated variable consideration, were immaterial.

Amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling activities are included in net sales. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling costs as fulfillment activities, and these costs are predominantly included in cost of products sold. We do not disclose information about the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations at period end because our contracts generally have original expected durations of one year or less. In addition, we expense when incurred contract acquisition costs, primarily sales commissions, because the amortization period, which is aligned with the contract term, is one year or less.

Advertising Costs – Advertising costs, which ~~consist~~includes ~~primarily of~~ trade shows, are expensed as incurred and were $7778,~~029~~352, $6677,~~169~~029 and $5566,~~461~~169 in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively.

Foreign Currency – The financial statements of the Company’s foreign operations with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, and, for revenues and expenses, the weighted-average exchange rate for each applicable period, and the resulting translation adjustments are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss), net of tax. Transaction gains and losses from foreign currency exchange rate changes are recorded in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Repurchase Agreements – The Company is contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with financial institutions providing inventory financing for certain independent domestic and foreign dealers of certain of its RV products. See Note 1514 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Income Taxes – The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. The actual outcome of these future tax consequences could differ from our estimates and have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the Company has to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. The Company reevaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, voluntary settlements and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Judgment is required in determining the Company’s provision for income taxes, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities and the valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances must be considered due to the uncertainty of realizing deferred tax assets. The Company assesses whether valuation allowances should be established against our deferred tax assets on a tax jurisdictional basis based on the consideration of all available evidence, including cumulative income over recent periods, using a more likely than not standard.

F-9

Research and Development – Research and development costs are expensed when incurred and totaled $4948,~~380~~584, $3649,~~592~~380 and $3836,~~998~~592 in fiscal ~~2024~~2025, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation – The Company records compensation expense based on the fair value of stock-based awards, including restricted stock units and performance stock units, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally three years, while some stock-based awards use a graded vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures, which is based on historical forfeiture rates over the vesting period of employee awards.

Earnings Per Share – Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to THOR Industries, Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding assuming dilution. The difference between basic EPS and diluted EPS is the result of unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units as follows:

2024

2023

2022

2025

2024

2023

Weighted-average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share

53,~~248~~085,~~488~~577

53,~~478~~248,~~310~~488

5553,~~034~~478,~~653~~310

Unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units

~~438~~314,~~889~~729

~~378~~438,~~833~~889

~~229~~378,~~393~~833

Weighted-average shares outstanding assuming dilution

53,~~687~~400,~~377~~306

53,~~857~~687,~~143~~377

5553,~~264~~857,~~046~~143

The Company excludes unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units that have an antidilutive effect from its calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding. Antidilutive unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units excluded from the July 31, ~~2024~~2025, July 31, ~~2023~~2024 and July 31, ~~2022~~2023 calculations were not material.

Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2023-07 (“ASU 2023-07”) “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which requires additional disclosures about significant segment expenses regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, or the annual report for fiscal 2025 for the Company, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, or interim periods starting in fiscal 2026 for the Company. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective July 31, 2025.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In ~~November~~December 2023, the ~~Financial Accounting Standards Board (“~~FASB”) issued ~~Accounting Standard Update No. 2023-07 (“~~ASU 2023-~~07”)~~09, “~~Segment~~Income ~~Reporting~~Taxes (Topic ~~280~~740): Improvements to ~~Reportable~~Income ~~Segment~~Tax Disclosures”, ~~which~~requiring ~~requires~~enhancements ~~additional~~and further transparency to certain income tax disclosures. ~~about~~Under ~~significant~~this ~~segment~~ASU, ~~expenses~~entities ~~regularly~~must ~~provided~~disclose, toon an annual basis, specific categories in the ~~Chief~~rate ~~Operating~~reconciliation ~~Decision~~and ~~Maker~~provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, ASU 2023-0709 isrequires ~~effective~~entities ~~for~~to ~~annual~~disclose ~~reporting~~additional ~~periods~~information ~~beginning~~about ~~after~~income ~~December~~taxes ~~15,~~paid. ~~2023,~~The ornew ~~the~~standard ~~annual~~also ~~report~~eliminates ~~for~~certain ~~fiscal~~existing ~~2025~~disclosure ~~for~~requirements ~~the~~related ~~Company,~~to uncertain tax positions and ~~interim~~unrecognized ~~periods~~deferred ~~within~~tax ~~fiscal~~liabilities. ~~years~~ASU 2023-09 is effective for financial statements for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024,. orThis ~~interim~~ASU ~~periods~~is ~~starting~~effective for the Company in its fiscal year 2026 ~~for~~beginning ~~the~~on ~~Company.~~August ~~Early~~1, ~~adoption is permitted~~2025. WeThe ~~are~~Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ~~ASU~~adopting ~~2023-07~~this guidance on ~~our~~the consolidated financial statements ~~and related disclosures~~.

In ~~December~~November ~~2023~~2024, the FASB issued ASU ~~2023~~2024-0903, “Income ~~Taxes~~Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (~~Topic~~Subtopic ~~740~~220-40): ~~Improvements~~Disaggregation toof Income ~~Tax~~Statement ~~Disclosures~~Expenses,” as updated by ASU 2025-01, ~~requiring~~“Income ~~enhancements~~Statement ~~and~~— ~~further~~Reporting ~~transparency~~Comprehensive toIncome-Expense ~~certain~~Disaggregation ~~income~~Disclosures ~~tax~~(Subtopic ~~disclosures.~~220-40): ~~Under~~Clarifying ~~this~~the ~~ASU~~Effective Date”, ~~entities~~issued ~~must~~in ~~disclose,~~January on2025. anThis ~~annual~~guidance ~~basis,~~provides ~~specific~~updates ~~categories~~to inqualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements over the ~~rate~~disaggregation ~~reconciliation~~of ~~and~~relevant expense captions within the income statement to provide ~~additional~~more transparency and useful information ~~for~~on ~~reconciling~~expenses ~~items~~within ~~that~~the ~~meet~~income astatement ~~quantitative~~including ~~threshold.~~tabular Inpresentation ~~addition,~~of ~~ASU~~prescribed ~~2023-09~~expense ~~requires~~categories ~~entities~~such toas ~~disclose~~the ~~additional~~purchases ~~information~~of ~~about~~inventory, ~~income~~employee ~~taxes~~compensation, ~~paid.~~depreciation, ~~The~~intangible ~~new~~asset ~~standard~~amortization, ~~also~~and ~~eliminates~~inclusion ~~certain~~of other specific expense, gains and losses required by existing ~~disclosure~~GAAP ~~requirements~~with ~~related~~reconciliation toof ~~uncertain~~disaggregation ~~tax~~to ~~positions~~the ~~and~~face ~~unrecognized~~of ~~deferred~~the ~~tax~~income ~~liabilities~~statement. ~~ASU~~This ~~2023-09~~guidance is effective for ~~financial~~annual ~~statements~~periods ~~for~~beginning ~~annual~~after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, ~~2024~~2027, with early adoption permitted. ~~This~~The ~~ASU~~guidance ismay ~~effective~~be ~~for~~applied ~~the~~prospectively ~~Company~~or inretrospectively. ~~its~~This ~~fiscal~~guidance ~~year~~will ~~2026~~be ~~beginning~~effective onfor ~~August~~our 1,fiscal ~~2025.~~year ~~Early~~ending ~~adoption~~July is31, ~~permitted~~2028. ~~The~~We ~~Company~~are is currently evaluating the ~~potential~~ impact ofthe ~~adopting~~guidance ~~this~~may ~~guidance~~have on ~~the~~our consolidated financial statements.

F-10

2.~~ACQUISITIONS~~BUSINESS SEGMENTS

~~Airxcel~~The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") is the President and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM uses net sales, gross profit and income (loss) before income taxes to measure performance of the Company’s segments, allocate resources and make operating decisions. The CODM regularly evaluates these financial measures compared to prior year and forecasted results. Income (loss) before income taxes is utilized during the Company’s budgeting and forecasting process to assess segment profitability and enable decision making regarding strategic initiatives, capital investments and other resources. The Company has three reportable segments, all related to recreational vehicles: (1) North American Towable Recreational Vehicles, (2) North American Motorized Recreational Vehicles and (3) European Recreational Vehicles.

OnThe ~~September~~North 1,American ~~2021,~~Towable Recreational Vehicles reportable segment consists of the ~~Company~~following ~~acquired~~operating ~~Wichita,~~segments ~~Kansas-based~~that ~~AirX~~have ~~Intermediate,~~been ~~Inc.~~aggregated: Airstream (~~“Airxcel”~~towable)., ~~Airxcel~~Heartland ~~manufactures~~(which awill ~~comprehensive~~be ~~line~~reported ofas ~~high-quality~~a component ~~products~~of ~~which~~Jayco ~~are~~(towable) ~~sold~~beginning ~~primarily~~in tofiscal ~~original~~2026), ~~equipment~~Jayco RV(towable), ~~manufacturers~~Keystone asand ~~well~~KZ. asThe ~~consumers~~North ~~via~~American ~~aftermarket~~Motorized ~~sales~~Recreational ~~through~~Vehicles ~~dealers~~reportable ~~and~~segment ~~retailers.~~consists ~~Airxcel~~of ~~provides~~the ~~industry-leading~~following ~~products~~operating insegments ~~recreational~~that ~~vehicle~~have ~~heating,~~been ~~cooling,~~aggregated: ~~ventilation,~~Airstream ~~cooking~~(motorized), ~~window~~Jayco ~~coverings~~(motorized), ~~sidewalls~~Thor ~~and~~Motor ~~roofing~~Coach ~~materials,~~and ~~among~~the ~~others~~Tiffin Group. The ~~total~~European ~~cash~~Recreational ~~consideration~~Vehicles ~~paid~~reportable ~~was~~segment ~~subject~~consists tosolely ~~the final determination~~ of the ~~actual~~EHG ~~acquired~~business. ~~net~~EHG ~~working~~manufactures ~~capital~~a asfull line of ~~the~~motorized ~~close~~and oftowable ~~business~~recreational onvehicles, ~~September~~including 1motorcaravans, ~~2021~~campervans, ~~which~~urban ~~was~~vehicles ~~finalized~~and caravans in ~~the~~nine ~~second~~primary ~~quarter~~RV ofproduction ~~fiscal~~locations ~~2022~~within Europe. ~~The~~EHG ~~final~~produces ~~cash~~and ~~consideration~~sells ~~was~~numerous ~~$745~~brands primarily within Europe,~~279~~ including Buccaneer, ~~net~~Buerstner, ofCarado, ~~cash~~CrossCamp, ~~acquired~~Dethleffs, Elddis, Eriba, Etrusco, Hymer, Laika, LMC, Niesmann+Bischoff, Sunlight and Xplore. In addition, EHG’s operations include other RV-related products and services.

The ~~following~~operations ~~table~~of ~~summarizes~~ the ~~final~~Company’s ~~fair~~Airxcel ~~values~~and ofPostle subsidiaries are included in “Other”. Net sales included in Other related primarily to the sale of specialized component parts and aluminum extrusions. Intercompany eliminations primarily adjust for Postle and Airxcel ~~net~~sales ~~assets~~to ~~acquired~~the onCompany’s North American Towables and North American Motorized segments, which are consummated at established transfer prices generally consistent with the ~~acquisition~~selling ~~date.~~prices of products to third parties.

Cash	$	23,404
Inventory	71,150
Other assets	62,657
Property, plant and equipment	40,518
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	284,000
Trademarks	56,900
Design technology assets	60,600
Backlog	700
Goodwill	372,608
Current liabilities	(115,535)
Deferred income tax liabilities	(77,086)
Other liabilities	(10,494)
Non-controlling interest	(739)
Total fair value of net assets acquired	768,683
Less: Cash acquired	(23,404)
Total cash consideration for acquisition, less cash acquired	$	745,279

Corporate results include items such as corporate governance expenses, interest expense and other product development expenses.

OnOther ~~the~~expense ~~acquisition~~(income) ~~date,~~includes ~~amortizable intangible assets had a weighted-average useful life of 18.3 years. The customer relationships were valued based on~~ the ~~Discounted~~gains ~~Cash~~or ~~Flow~~losses ~~Method and are being amortized~~ on ~~an accelerated basis over 20 years. The trademarks were valued on~~ the ~~Relief~~sales ~~from~~of ~~Royalty~~fixed ~~Method and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over 20 years. The design technology~~ assets, ~~were~~foreign ~~valued~~currency onchanges ~~the~~and ~~Relief~~equity ~~from~~method ~~Royalty~~investment ~~Method~~

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