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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 000-21344

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Pennsylvania		23-2249083
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


111 West Front Street, Berwick, PA		18603
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (570) 752-3671

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “small reporting company,” and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	N/A	N/A

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date:

Common Stock, $2 Par Value, 6,296,238 shares as of May 7, 2026.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


		(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)		March 31,		December 31,
		2026		2025
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks		$	9,007	$	8,755
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks			127,832		112,494
Total cash and cash equivalents			136,839		121,249
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value			386,864		394,226
Marketable equity securities, at fair value			1,984		1,810
Restricted investment in bank stocks, at cost			8,944		8,944

Loans held for investment			932,163		947,285
Loans held for sale			452		1,140
Allowance for credit losses			(9,038)		(9,412)
Net loans			923,577		939,013
Premises and equipment, net			19,169		19,377
Operating lease right-of-use assets			1,332		1,326
Accrued interest receivable			4,844		4,997
Cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance			26,532		26,362
Investments in low-income housing partnerships			4,129		4,333
Deferred income taxes			6,307		6,463
Other assets			4,398		2,877
TOTAL ASSETS		$	1,524,919	$	1,530,977

LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing		$	217,354	$	206,823
Interest bearing			913,935		930,614
Total deposits			1,131,289		1,137,437
Short-term borrowings			136,084		136,845
Long-term borrowings			106,000		106,000
Subordinated debentures			25,000		25,000
Operating lease liabilities			1,871		1,862
Accrued interest payable			2,680		2,735
Other liabilities			7,820		8,038
TOTAL LIABILITIES			1,410,744		1,417,917

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, par value $2.00 per share; authorized 1,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; issued 0 as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025			—		—
Common stock, par value $2.00 per share; authorized 20,000,000 shares as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; issued 6,527,849 as of March 31, 2026 and 6,503,746 as of December 31, 2025; outstanding 6,296,238 as of March 31, 2026 and 6,272,135 as of December 31, 2025			13,055		13,007
Surplus			46,302		45,888
Retained earnings			79,530		79,327
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(19,003)		(19,453)
Treasury stock, at cost, 231,611 shares as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025			(5,709)		(5,709)

TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY			114,175		113,060
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		$	1,524,919	$	1,530,977

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2026			2025

INTEREST INCOME
Interest and fees on loans		$	14,125		$	13,769
Interest and dividend income on securities:
Taxable			3,638			3,933
Tax-exempt			209			244
Dividends			14			12
Dividend income on restricted investment in bank stocks			201			199
Interest on interest-bearing deposits in other banks			1,055			53
Total interest income			19,242			18,210
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest on deposits			6,910			6,386
Interest on short-term borrowings			1,482			1,557
Interest on long-term borrowings			1,224			1,224
Interest on subordinated debt			495			273
Total interest expense			10,111			9,440
Net interest income			9,131			8,770
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses			(390)			751
Net interest income after provision for credit losses			9,521			8,019
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Trust department			286			261
Service charges and fees			541			546
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance			170			165
ATM fees and debit card income			544			543
Net gains on sales of mortgage loans			46			20
Net securities gains (losses)			174			(86)
Gains from life insurance proceeds			—			235
Other			52			75
Total non-interest income			1,813			1,759
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits			4,967			4,630
Occupancy, net			641			610
Furniture and equipment expense			216			192
Computer expense			554			413
Professional services			463			378
Pennsylvania shares tax			271			221
FDIC insurance, net			323			309
ATM and debit card fees			262			247
Data processing fees			391			357
Advertising			82			105
Other			1,003			1,187
Total non-interest expense			9,173			8,649
Income before income tax expense			2,161			1,129
Income tax expense			202			76
NET INCOME		$	1,959		$	1,053
PER SHARE DATA
Net income per share:
Basic		$	0.31		$	0.17
Diluted			0.31			0.17
Dividends per share			0.28			0.28

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


(Dollars in thousands)		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2026		2025

Net income		$	1,959	$	1,053

Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized net holding (losses) gains on debt securities available-for-sale arising during the period, net of income taxes of $(43) and $427, respectively			(161)		1,607

Fair value adjustment on cash flow derivatives, net of income taxes of $(163) and $(316), respectively			611		(1,217)

Total other comprehensive income			450		390

Total comprehensive income		$	2,409	$	1,443

_____________________________

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Unaudited)


								Accumulated
(Dollars in thousands, except								Other				Total
per share data)	Common Stock					Retained		Comprehensive		Treasury		Stockholders’
	Shares Issued	Amount		Surplus		Earnings		Loss		Stock		Equity
Balance at January 1, 2026	6,503,746	$	13,007	$	45,888	$	79,327	$	(19,453)	$	(5,709)	$	113,060
Net income							1,959						1,959
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes									450				450
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan	24,103		48		414								462
Dividends - $0.28 per share							(1,756)						(1,756)
Balance at March 31, 2026	6,527,849	$	13,055	$	46,302	$	79,530	$	(19,003)	$	(5,709)	$	114,175


Balance at January 1, 2025	6,450,392	$	12,901	$	45,072	$	80,148	$	(25,630)	$	(5,709)	$	106,782
Net income							1,053						1,053
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes									390				390
Issuance of common stock under dividend reinvestment plan	—		—		—								—
Dividends - $0.28 per share							(1,741)						(1,741)
Balance at March 31, 2025	6,450,392	$	12,901	$	45,072	$	79,460	$	(25,240)	$	(5,709)	$	106,484

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

(Unaudited)


(Dollars in thousands)		2026		2025

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income		$	1,959	$	1,053
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses on loans			(390)		751
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on unfunded commitments			54		(13)
Depreciation and amortization			348		269
Net (discount accretion) premium amortization on securities			(48)		50
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)			34		(105)
Net gains on sales of mortgage loans			(46)		(20)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans originated for sale			1,948		1,049
Originations of mortgage loans originated for sale			(1,215)		(857)
Net securities (gains) losses			(174)		86
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable			153		(76)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance			(170)		(165)
Gain from bank-owned life insurance proceeds			—		(235)
Increase in other assets			(1,583)		(1,734)
Amortization of investment in low-income housing partnerships			204		214
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable			(55)		386
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities			1,176		(345)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES			2,195		308
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from maturities and redemptions of debt securities available-for-sale			10,543		13,126
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale			(4,000)		—
Net change in restricted investment in bank stocks			—		(351)
Net decrease (increase) in loans originated as held for investment			15,139		(16,257)
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance			—		1,229
Purchase of premises and equipment			(84)		(141)
Purchase of investment in real estate venture			—		(10)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES			21,598		(2,404)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net decrease in deposits			(6,148)		(487)
Net (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings			(761)		5,862
Dividends paid, net of reinvestment			(1,294)		(1,741)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES			(8,203)		3,634

INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS			15,590		1,538
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING			121,249		17,254
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, ENDING		$	136,839	$	18,792

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid		$	10,166	$	9,054
Income taxes paid			3		—
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH ACTIVITIES
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities			34		33

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

FIRST KEYSTONE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 ― BASIS OF PRESENTATION, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Keystone Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its wholly owned subsidiary First Keystone Community Bank (the “Bank”) (collectively the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2026, are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2026. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in First Keystone Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the consolidated balance sheet date of March 31, 2026 for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued.

NOTE 2 ― RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES (“ASU”)

Adopted ASUs:

In 2025, the Company adopted ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 required enhanced income tax disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and information related to income taxes paid. This ASU was issued to enhance transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The standard required: (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, and (2) income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by jurisdiction based on an established

threshold. The Company adopted the provisions of the ASU prospectively, being applied only to transactions for the

fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and beyond. This ASU did not have a material impact on the Corporation’s

consolidated financial statements.

Pending ASUs:

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The requirements will be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the new guidance will have on the Company’s financial statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting

Improvements. This ASU amends certain aspects of the hedge accounting guidance to better reflect an entity’s risk

management activities. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual and interim

reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the new

guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope

Improvements. This ASU clarifies the current interim disclosure requirements under US GAAP and incorporates a

disclosure principle that requires disclosures at interim periods when an event or change that has a material effect on an

entity has occurred since the previous year-end. The amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.

NOTE 3 — SECURITIES

Debt Securities

The Company classifies its securities as either “Held-to-Maturity” or “Available-for-Sale” at the time of purchase. Securities are accounted for on a trade date basis. Debt securities are classified as Held-to-Maturity when the Company has the ability and positive intent to hold the securities to maturity. Securities classified as Held-to-Maturity are carried at cost adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, all debt securities held were classified as available-for-sale.

Debt securities not classified as Held-to-Maturity are included in the Available-for-Sale category and are carried at fair value. The amount of any unrealized gain or loss, net of the effect of deferred income taxes, is reported as accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. Management’s decision to sell Available-for-Sale securities is based on changes in economic conditions, controlling the sources and applications of funds, terms, availability of and yield of alternative investments, interest rate risk and the need for liquidity.

The cost of debt securities classified as Held-to-Maturity or Available-for-Sale is adjusted for amortization of premiums to the earliest call date and accretion of discounts to expected maturity. Such amortization and accretion, as well as interest and dividends, are included in interest and dividend income from securities. Realized gains and losses are included in net securities gains and losses. The cost of securities sold, redeemed or matured is based on the specific identification method.

The Company invests in various forms of agency debt including residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and callable debt. The mortgage-backed agency securities are issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Government National Mortgage
Association (“GNMA”) or Small Business Administration (“SBA”). The other mortgage-backed securities consist of private (non-agency) residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities. The municipal securities consist of general obligations and revenue bonds. Asset-backed securities consist of private (non-agency) student loan pools backed by the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) which carry a 97% federal government guarantee. Corporate debt securities consist of senior debt and subordinated debt holdings.

There was no allowance for credit losses for Available-For-Sale debt securities recorded as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025; therefore, it is not present in the table below. The amortized cost, related estimated fair value, and unrealized gains and losses for debt securities classified as Available-For-Sale, along with the cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges, were as follows at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale

(Dollars in thousands)

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Amortized

Unrealized

Basis

Fair

March 31, 2026:

Cost

Gains

Losses

Adjustment

Value

U.S. Treasury securities

7,948

—

(412)

—

7,536

Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies and Sponsored Agencies:

Mortgage-backed

181,649

667

(10,570)

594

172,340

Other

2,794

(14)

—

2,810

Other mortgage backed securities

35,497

(1,229)

—

34,319

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

82,570

(9,060)

675

74,215

Asset-backed securities

60,771

151

(442)

—

60,480

Corporate debt securities

37,181

467

(2,484)

—

35,164

Total

408,410

1,396

(24,211)

1,269

386,864


	Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
(Dollars in thousands)			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Basis		Fair
December 31, 2025:	Cost		Gains		Losses		Adjustment		Value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	7,941	$	—	$	(405)	$	—	$	7,536
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies and Sponsored Agencies:
Mortgage-backed		185,140		919		(10,748)		940		176,251
Other		3,271		40		(17)		—		3,294
Other mortgage backed securities		37,572		45		(1,186)		—		36,431
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		82,919		30		(9,017)		993		74,925
Asset-backed securities		63,644		211		(362)		—		63,493
Corporate debt securities		34,418		383		(2,505)		—		32,296
Total	$	414,905	$	1,628	$	(24,240)	$	1,933	$	394,226

Debt securities Available-for-Sale with an aggregate fair value of $223,351,000 at March 31, 2026 and $214,422,000 at December 31, 2025, were pledged to secure public funds, trust funds, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and the Federal Discount Window aggregating $163,333,000 at March 31, 2026 and $170,661,000 at December 31, 2025.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities, by contractual maturity, are shown below at March 31, 2026. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


			March 31, 2026
			Debt Securities Available-For-Sale
(Dollars in thousands)				U.S. Government		Other		Obligations
				Agency &		Mortgage		of State		Asset		Corporate
	U.S. Treasury			Sponsored Agency		Backed Debt		& Political		Backed		Debt
	Securities			Obligations¹		Securities¹		Subdivisions		Securities		Securities
Within 1 Year:
Amortized cost	$	—		$	—	$	4,014	$	4,395	$	—	$	—
Fair value		—			—		4,002		4,388		—		—

1 - 5 Years:
Amortized cost		7,948			7,766		104		7,168		591		7,706
Fair value		7,536			7,770		104		6,955		592		7,684

5 - 10 Years:
Amortized cost		—			748		698		32,834		703		24,251
Fair value		—			747		705		29,320		700		23,823

After 10 Years:
Amortized cost		—			175,929		30,681		38,173		59,477		5,224
Fair value		—			166,633		29,508		33,552		59,188		3,657

Total:
Amortized cost	$	7,948		$	184,443	$	35,497	$	82,570	$	60,771	$	37,181
Fair value		7,536			175,150		34,319		74,215		60,480		35,164

¹	Mortgage-backed securities are allocated for maturity reporting at their original maturity date.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had holdings of securities from the following issuers in excess of ten percent of consolidated stockholders’ equity (excluding holdings of the U.S. Government and U.S. Government Agencies and Corporations).


(Dollars in thousands)
		Fair
March 31, 2026:		Value
Issuer
Sallie Mae Bank		$	22,595
Velocity Commercial Capital			18,355
Nelnet Student Loan Trust			12,663


(Dollars in thousands)
	Fair
December 31, 2025:	Value
Issuer
Sallie Mae Bank	$	23,354
Velocity Commercial Capital		19,551
Nelnet Student Loan Trust		13,169

There were no proceeds from sales of Debt Securities Available-For-Sale for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Therefore, there were no gains or losses realized during these periods.

The summary below shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s debt securities. Totals are aggregated by investment category where individual securities have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months or 12 months or more as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

March 31, 2026

(Dollars in thousands)

Less Than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Available-for-Sale:

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

Value

Loss

U.S. Treasury securities

—

7,536

(412)

7,536

(412)

Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies and Sponsored Agencies:

Mortgage-backed

13,192

(17)

70,916

(10,553)

84,108

(10,570)

Other

—

1,067

(14)

1,067

(14)

Other mortgage-backed debt securities

—

25,731

(1,229)

25,731

(1,229)

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

—

70,857

(9,060)

70,857

(9,060)

Asset-backed securities

15,156

(65)

22,854

(377)

38,010

(442)

Corporate debt securities

—

22,470

(2,484)

22,470

(2,484)

Total

28,348

(82)

221,431

(24,129)

249,779

(24,211)

December 31, 2025


(Dollars in thousands)	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Available-for-Sale:	Value		Loss		Value		Loss		Value		Loss
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	7,536	$	(405)	$	7,536	$	(405)
Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies and Sponsored Agencies:
Mortgage-backed		—		—		80,318		(10,748)		80,318		(10,748)
Other		—		—		1,223		(17)		1,223		(17)
Other mortgage-backed debt securities		2,428		(42)		27,130		(1,144)		29,558		(1,186)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions		—		—		71,413		(9,017)		71,413		(9,017)
Asset-backed securities		14,527		(36)		18,971		(326)		33,498		(362)
Corporate debt securities		500		(1)		24,197		(2,504)		24,697		(2,505)
Total	$	17,455	$	(79)	$	230,788	$	(24,161)	$	248,243	$	(24,240)

There were 144 individual debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2026, with a combined decline in value representing 5.28% of the debt securities portfolio. There were 144 individual debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025, with their combined decline in value representing 4.98% of the debt securities portfolio.

Available-for-sale debt securities are required to be individually evaluated for impairment in accordance with ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. Management evaluates debt securities for impairment where there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis of a debt security to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with the decline in fair value on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (2) the outlook for receiving the contractual cash flows of the investments, (3) the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (4) the Company’s intent and ability to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value or whether it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovering its fair value, (5) credit ratings, (6) third party guarantees, and (7) collateral values. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the debt securities are

issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition, and the issuer’s anticipated ability to pay the contractual cash flows of the debt securities. All issues of U.S. Treasury and Agency-Backed debt securities have the full faith and credit backing of the United States Government or one of its agencies. All other debt securities that do not have a zero expected credit loss are evaluated quarterly to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with a decline in fair value. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no credit losses recorded in relation to available-for-sale debt securities.

Credit losses are calculated individually, rather than collectively, using a discounted cash flow method, whereby management compares the present value of expected cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the debt security. The credit loss component would be recognized as a credit loss expense (or reversal) through the provision for credit losses and the creation of an allowance for credit losses. Losses would be charged against the allowance if management believes the available-for-sale debt security to be uncollectible or when either criteria regarding the intent or requirement to sell are met (e.g. the Company intends to sell or determines it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell the security prior to recovering the security’s fair value).

The Company made a policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of debt securities available for sale. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities available for sale is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and totaled $2,086,000 as of March 31, 2026 as compared to $2,068,000 as of December 31, 2025. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities available for sale is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

All debt securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position, as of March 31, 2026, continue to perform as scheduled and the Company does not believe that there is a credit loss or that a provision for credit losses is necessary. Also, as part of the Company’s evaluation of its intent and ability to hold debt securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market, the Company considers its investment strategies, cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy and interest rate risk position. The Company does not currently intend to sell the debt securities within the portfolio and it is not more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the debt securities.

Management continues to monitor all of the Company’s debt securities with a high degree of scrutiny. There can be no assurance that the Company will not conclude in future periods that conditions existing at that time indicate some or all of its debt securities may be sold or would require a charge to earnings as a provision for credit losses in such periods.

Equity Securities

In accordance with ASC 321-10, equity securities with readily determinable fair values are stated at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported on the consolidated statements of income. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are recorded at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, if any.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had $1,984,000 and $1,810,000, respectively, in equity securities recorded at fair value. The following is a summary of realized gains and losses recognized in net income on equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:


(Dollars in thousands)	Three months ended		Three months ended
	March 31, 2026		March 31, 2025
Net gains (losses) from market value fluctuations recognized during the period on equity securities	$	174	$	(86)
Less: Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period		—		—
Net gains (losses) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	174	$	(86)

Management evaluates equity securities for impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized as earnings. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost less any determined impairment, plus or minus any observable price changes in orderly transactions for the same or similar securities in accordance with ASC 321, Equity Securities. Management evaluates equity securities without readily determinable fair values for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. In determining impairment under the ASC 321 model, management considers many factors, including (1) an offer to purchase the security at a fair value that is less than the cost/carrying value, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) any adverse changes in the issuer’s industry, operating environment, or macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the entity has the intent to sell the equity security or more likely than not will be required to sell the equity security before its anticipated recovery. The assessment of whether an impairment exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time. If an impairment loss on an equity security is considered to exist, an impairment loss equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value is recorded. Once the impairment is recorded, the new carrying value becomes the new cost basis of the equity security and cannot be adjusted upward if there is a subsequent recovery in the fair value of the security.

The Company monitors the equity securities portfolio monthly with particular attention given to securities in a continuous loss position of at least ten percent for over twelve months. Based on the factors described above, management did not consider any equity securities to be impaired at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

NOTE 4 — LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans

The Company’s loan portfolio is segmented into two categories: Loans Held for Sale and Loans Held for Investment, as presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Loans held for sale consist of residential real estate loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Credit risk associated with such loans is mitigated by entering into sales commitments with third-party investors to purchase the loans upon origination. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market on an aggregate basis determined by independent pricing from appropriate federal or state agency investors. These loans are sold without recourse. The Company retains the right to service these loans after they are sold. Loans held for sale amounted to $452,000 and $1,140,000 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Loans held for investment represent loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff or for the foreseeable future. These loans are reported at their stated outstanding recorded investment, net of deferred fees and costs, unearned income and the allowance for credit losses. Interest on loans is recognized as income over the term of each loan, generally, by the accrual method. Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs have been deferred with the net amount amortized using the straight line method or the interest method over the contractual life of the related loans as an interest yield adjustment.

The loans held for investment portfolio is segmented into the following segments: Real Estate (including both commercial and residential loans), Agricultural, Commercial and Industrial, Consumer, and State and Political Subdivisions.

Real Estate Lending

The Company engages in real estate lending to commercial borrowers in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The commercial component of the Company’s Real Estate portfolio is secured primarily by commercial retail space, commercial office buildings, residential housing and hotels. Generally, these loans have terms that do not exceed twenty years, have loan-to-value ratios of up to eighty percent of the value of the collateral property, and are typically supported by personal guarantees of the borrowers.

In underwriting these loans, the Company performs a thorough analysis of the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s credit history, and the reliability and predictability of the cash flow generated by the property securing the loan. The value of the property is determined by either independent appraisers or internal evaluations performed by Bank officers.

Real estate loans secured by commercial properties generally present a higher level of risk than loans secured by residential real estate. Repayment of loans secured by commercial real estate is typically dependent upon the successful operation of the related real estate project and/or the effect of the general economic conditions on income producing properties.

The residential component of the Company’s Real Estate portfolio is comprised of one-to-four family residential mortgage loan originations, home equity term loans and home equity lines of credit. These loans are generated by the Company’s marketing efforts, its present customers, walk-in customers and referrals. These loans are originated primarily with customers from the Company’s market area.

The Company’s one-to-four family residential mortgage originations are secured principally by properties located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. The Company offers fixed-rate mortgage loans with terms up to a maximum of thirty years for both permanent structures and those under construction. Loans with terms of thirty years are normally held for sale and sold without recourse; most of the residential mortgages held in the Company’s residential real estate portfolio have maximum terms of twenty years. Generally, the majority of the Company’s residential mortgage loans originate with a loan-to-value of eighty percent or less, or those with private mortgage insurance at ninety-five percent or less. Home equity term loans are secured by the borrower’s primary residence and typically have a maximum loan-to-value of eighty percent and a maximum term of fifteen years. In general, home equity lines of credit are secured by the borrower’s primary residence with a maximum loan-to-value of eighty percent and a maximum term of twenty years.

In underwriting one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, the Company evaluates the borrower’s ability to make monthly payments, the borrower’s prior loan repayment history and the value of the property securing the loan. The ability and willingness to repay is assessed based upon the borrower’s employment history, current financial conditions and credit background. A majority of the properties securing residential real estate loans made by the Company are appraised by independent appraisers. The Company generally requires mortgage loan borrowers to obtain an attorney’s title opinion or title insurance and fire and property insurance, including flood insurance, if applicable.

Residential mortgage loans, home equity term loans and home equity lines of credit generally present a lower level of risk than consumer loans because they are secured by the borrower’s primary residence. Risk is increased when the Company is in a subordinate position, especially to another lender, for the loan collateral.

Agricultural Lending

The Company originates agricultural loans to individuals in the farming industry for funding the production of crops or to purchase or refinance capital assets such as farmland, livestock, machinery, equipment, and farm real estate improvements. Agricultural loans are typically secured by collateral related to the farming activities. These loans originate from customers within the Company’s primary market area or the surrounding areas.

In underwriting agricultural loans, an analysis is performed regarding the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, the borrower’s capital and collateral, and the past, present, and future cash flows of the borrower, as well as the agricultural industry as a whole. In general, these loans would be secured by cropland, pastureland, orchardland, or timberland that is committed to ongoing management and agricultural production, with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of seventy percent and a maximum term of ten years.

Commercial and Industrial Lending

The Company originates commercial and industrial loans principally to businesses located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. These loans are used for various business purposes, which include short-term loans and lines

of credit to finance machinery and equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. Generally, the maximum term for loans extended on machinery and equipment is based on the projected useful life of such machinery and equipment. Most business lines of credit are written on demand and are reviewed annually.

Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured with short-term assets; however, in many cases, additional collateral such as real estate is provided as additional security for the loan. Loan-to-value maximum thresholds have been established by the Company and are specific to the type of collateral. Collateral values may be determined using invoices, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging reports, business financial statements, collateral appraisals or internal evaluations, etc. Commercial and industrial loans are typically supported by personal guarantees of the borrower.

In underwriting commercial and industrial loans, an analysis is performed to evaluate the borrower’s character and capacity to repay the loan, the adequacy of the borrower’s capital and collateral, as well as the conditions affecting the borrower. Evaluation of the borrower’s past, present and future cash flows is also an important aspect of the Company’s analysis of the borrower’s ability to repay.

Commercial and industrial loans generally present a higher level of risk than other types of loans due primarily to the effect of general economic conditions. Commercial and industrial loans are typically made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flows from the borrower’s primary business activities. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans is dependent on the success of the business itself, which in turn, is likely to be dependent upon the general economic environment.

As an addition to the commercial loans held for investment portfolio, the Company may purchase the guaranteed portion of loans secured by the U.S. Government. The originating bank retains the unguaranteed portion of the loan. The loans are sponsored by one of the various government agencies including the SBA, United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), and the Farm Service Agency (“FSA”). Government Guaranteed Loans ("GGLs") carry no credit risk due to an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee (which is supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) on all principal and the balance of interest accruing through ninety days beyond the date that demand is made to the originating bank for repurchase of the loan. As of March 31, 2026, the Company's balance of GGLs was $3,766,000, compared to $3,902,000 at December 31, 2025.

Consumer Lending

The Company offers a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loans, including vehicle loans, stock secured loans and loans secured by financial institution deposits. These loans originate primarily with customers from the Company’s market area.

Consumer loan terms vary according to the type and value of collateral and creditworthiness of the borrower. In underwriting personal loans, a thorough analysis is performed regarding the borrower’s willingness and financial ability to repay the loan as agreed. The ability and willingness to repay is assessed based upon the borrower’s employment history, current financial condition and credit background.

Consumer loans may entail greater credit risk than residential real estate loans, particularly in the case of personal loans which are unsecured or are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles or recreational equipment. In such cases, repossessed collateral for a defaulted personal loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. In addition, personal loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and therefore, are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans.

State and Political Subdivisions Lending

The Company, from time to time, may originate loans to state and political subdivisions that are within the Company’s primary market area or surrounding areas. These loans may be either taxable or tax-free. These loans may be

issued for the purpose of land improvement, infrastructure changes, bond refinances, or the purchase of equipment. State and political loans are typically secured by the taxing power of the borrowing entity. In some cases, the loans may also be secured by the property/item being purchased. Audited financial statements are required as part of the underwriting for all state and political loans and a full analysis of all components of the audited statements is performed. If the loan is to be classified as tax-free, a letter from the entity’s solicitor stating such is required, as well.

The risk associated with these types of loans is considerably less than commercial loan transactions. Repayment is based on the full faith, credit, and ability of the borrowing entity to tax and then collect the payments. Delinquency or loss on these types of loans is de minimis.

Delinquent Loans

Generally, a loan is considered to be past-due when scheduled loan payments are in arrears 10 days or more. Delinquent notices are generated automatically when a loan is 10 or 15 days past-due, depending on loan type. Collection efforts continue on past-due loans that have not been brought current, when it is believed that some chance exists for improvement in the status of the loan. Past-due loans are continually evaluated with the determination for charge-off being made when no reasonable chance remains that the status of the loan can be improved.

Commercial and industrial loans and real estate loans issued for commercial purpose are charged off in whole or in part when they become sufficiently delinquent based upon the terms of the underlying loan contract and when a collateral deficiency exists. Because all or part of the contractual cash flows are not expected to be collected, the loan is considered to require an individual evaluation based on the Company’s analysis of the cash flows or collateral estimated at fair value less cost to sell to determine if a specific allocation is required for the loan under the allowance for credit losses and/or if a charge-off is required. Should a GGL default, demand is made to the originating bank for repurchase of the loan. If the originating bank does not repurchase the loan, demand for repurchase is then made to the appropriate government agency which has provided the guarantee for the loan.

Real estate loans issued for residential purposes and consumer loans are charged off when they become sufficiently delinquent based upon the terms of the underlying loan contract and when the value of the underlying collateral is not sufficient to support the loan balance and a loss is expected. At that time, the amount of estimated collateral deficiency, if any, is charged off for loans secured by collateral, and all other loans are charged off in full. Loans with collateral are written down to the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell.

Existing loans in which the borrower has declared bankruptcy are considered on a case by case basis to determine whether repayment is likely to occur (e.g. reaffirmation by the borrower with demonstrated repayment ability). Otherwise, loans are charged off in full or written down to the estimated fair value of collateral less cost to sell.

Generally, a loan is classified as non-accrual and the accrual of interest on such a loan is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is well secured (or supported by a strong guarantee) and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against interest income. Certain non-accrual loans may continue to perform; that is, payments are still being received. Generally, the payments are applied to principal. These loans remain under constant scrutiny, and if performance continues, interest income may be recorded on a cash basis based on management's judgment regarding the collectability of principal.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) is an estimate of losses arising from borrowers’ inability to make loan payments as required, which is calculated via a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio. All adjustments will be established through provisions for credit losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ACL and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The ACL is maintained at a level estimated by management to be adequate to absorb potential loan losses. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL is based on specific expectations for the future economic environment that are incorporated in the projection, with loss expectations to revert to the long-run historical mean after such time as management can make or obtain a reasonable and supportable forecast. Management also considers the Company’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may impact the borrower’s ability to repay (including the timing of future payments), the estimated value of any underlying collateral (if the loan is collateral dependent), composition of the loan portfolio, and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates based on management’s judgment regarding the projection of expected credit losses over the contractual lifetime of the loans.

The Company has contracted with a third-party vendor to assist in developing models for the ACL related to the Company’s loan portfolio under ASC 326 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. The Company has opted to utilize the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity (“WARM”) method to calculate the ACL which uses an average annual charge-off rate. This average annual charge-off rate contains loss content over several vintages and is used as a foundation for estimating the credit loss content for loans by segmented pools at the balance sheet date and is used to determine a historical charge-off rate. When estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers forward-looking information that is reasonable, supportable, and relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows. Reasonable and supportable forecasts may extend over the entire contractual term of a loan or a period shorter than the contractual term. Reasonable and supportable forecasts may vary by portfolio segment or individual forecast input. These forecasts may include data from internal sources, external sources, or a combination of both.

When the contractual term of a loan extends beyond the reasonable and supportable period, ASC 326 requires reverting to historical loss information, or an appropriate proxy, for those periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast period (often referred to as the reversion period). The Company may revert to historical loss information for each individual forecast input or based on the entire estimate of loss. Reversion to historical loss information may be immediate, occur on a straight-line basis, or use any systematic/rational method. Management may apply different reversion techniques depending on the economic environment or applicable loan portfolio.

The methodology used to determine the ACL also includes a qualitative component in which the Company adjusts expected credit loss estimates for information not already captured in the loss estimation process. These qualitative factor adjustments may increase or decrease management’s estimate of expected credit losses. Changes in the level of the Company’s ACL may not always be directionally consistent with changes in the level of qualitative factor adjustments due to the incorporation of reasonable and supportable forecasts in estimating expected losses. Management considers qualitative factors that are relevant to the Company as of the reporting date, which may include but are not limited to: 1) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere; 2) changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the loan portfolio, including the condition of various market segments; 3) changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; 4) changes in the experience, ability, and depth of management and other relevant staff; 5) changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of non-accrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans; 6) changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system; 7) changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans; 8) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations; and 9) the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the Company’s existing loan portfolio.

The Company’s ACL is calculated by collectively evaluating and individually evaluating loans. The Company collectively evaluates applicable loans based on segments according to their homogeneous characteristics, aligned with the segmentation of the FDIC Bank Call Report. The Company collectively evaluates loans and determines applicable loss rates based on the following segments/classes:

Real Estate

◾

Construction, land development, and other land loans

◾

Residential construction (loans to build homes, both speculative and owner-occupied, and 1-4 family lot loans)

◾

Agribusiness, farmland, or secured by farmland

◾

Revolving, open-end, 1-4 family residential properties (and extended under lines of credit)

◾

Loans secured by first liens

◾

Loans secured by junior liens

◾

Secured by multifamily (5 or more) residential properties

◾

Loans secured by owner occupied, non-farm, non-residential properties

◾

Loans secured by other non-farm, non-residential properties

Agricultural

◾

Loans to finance agricultural production and other loans for farmers

Commercial and Industrial

◾

Commercial and industrial loans

Consumer

◾

Other revolving credit plans

◾

Automobile loans

◾

Other consumer loans

State and Political Subdivisions

◾

Obligations (other than securities or leases) of states and political subdivisions in the U.S.

In accordance with ASC 326-20-30-2, the Company will evaluate individual loans for expected credit losses when the loans do not share similar risk characteristics with loans evaluated using the collective method. Management may evaluate loans on an individual basis even when no specific expectation of collectability is in place. Loans for which individual evaluation has been deemed necessary are then analyzed to determine if a reserve is required for the loan. A loan would be individually evaluated under the following circumstances (a) if it is on non-accrual status, (b) if a distressed loan is determined to be collateral dependent, or (c) if the Company has other concerns regarding the viability of the loan. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Once identified as a loan requiring individual evaluation, the loan is analyzed based on the fair market value of the underlying collateral.

Loans that have been individually evaluated for expected credit losses may have a portion of the reserve allocated to cover the calculated collateral deficiency or the amount of the collateral deficiency may be charged off. Loans individually evaluated for expected credit losses may have zero specific allocation if the evaluation/analysis shows that no collateral deficiency exists for the loan and no loss is expected.

Enhanced disclosure requirements are required for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty under ASC 326-20, Loan Modifications Experiencing Financial Difficulty. In accordance with ASC 326-20, the Company no longer evaluates loans with modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty individually for impairment, nor establishes a related specific reserve for such loans, but rather these loans are included in their respective portfolio segment and evaluated collectively for impairment to establish an allowance for credit losses. Any modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are classified as non-accrual or are otherwise designated as collateral dependent are individually evaluated for determination of expected credit losses.

The most common types of concessions granted upon modification of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties include: (a) a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, (b) an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, (c) a temporary period of interest-only payments, and (d) a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or for the remaining term of the loan. A less common concession would be forgiveness of a portion of the loan’s principal. Loans so modified remain collectively evaluated for determination of expected credit losses, unless, during the process of evaluation, it is determined that the loan should be placed on non-accrual status until the Company determines that future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured or the loan is otherwise deemed to be collateral dependent.

There may be certain types of loans for which the expectation of credit loss is zero after evaluating historical loss information, making necessary adjustments for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, and considering any collateral or guarantee arrangements that are not free-standing contracts. Factors considered by management when evaluating whether expectations of zero credit loss are appropriate may include, but are not limited to: 1) a long history of zero credit loss; 2) full securitization by cash or cash equivalents; 3) high credit ratings from rating agencies with no expected future downgrade; 4) principal and interest payments that are guaranteed by the U.S. government; 5) the issuer, guarantor, or sponsor can print its own currency and the currency is held by other central banks as reserve currency; and 6) the interest rate on the security is recognized as a risk-free rate.

A loan that is fully secured by cash or cash equivalents, such as a certificate of deposit issued by the lending institution, would likely have zero credit loss expectations. Similarly, the guaranteed portion of an SBA loan purchased on the secondary market through the SBA’s fiscal and transfer agent would likely have zero credit loss expectations because these financial assets are unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. government.

A reserve for unfunded lending commitments is provided for possible credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures. Off-balance sheet credit exposures primarily include undrawn portions of revolving lines of credit and standby letters of credit. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in its unfunded loan commitments and, if necessary, is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the amount of the reserve for unfunded lending commitments was $144,000 and $90,000, respectively.

The Company made a policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of loans. Accrued interest receivable on loans is reported as a component of accrued interest receivable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and totaled $2,614,000 as of March 31, 2026 compared to $2,736,000 at December 31, 2025. Accrued interest receivable on loans is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The Company is subject to periodic examination by its federal and state examiners, and may be required by such regulators to recognize additions to the ACL based on their assessment of credit information available to them at the time of their examinations.

The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix as a tool for managing credit risk in the loan portfolio and assigns an asset quality rating (risk grade) to all loans. An asset quality rating is assigned using the guidance provided in the Company’s loan policy. Primary responsibility for assigning the asset quality rating rests with the credit department. The asset quality rating is validated periodically by both an internal and external loan review process.

The commercial loan grading system focuses on a borrower’s financial strength and performance, experience and depth of management, primary and secondary sources of repayment, the nature of the business and the outlook for the particular industry. Primary emphasis is placed on financial condition and trends. The grade also reflects current economic and industry conditions; as well as other variables such as liquidity, cash flow, revenue/earnings trends, management strengths or weaknesses, quality of financial information, and credit history.

The loan grading system for residential real estate secured and consumer loans focuses on the borrower’s credit score and credit history, debt-to-income ratio and income sources, collateral position and loan-to-value ratio.

Risk grade characteristics are as follows:

Risk Grade 1 – MINIMAL RISK through Risk Grade 6 – MANAGEMENT ATTENTION (Pass Grade Categories)

Risk is evaluated via examination of several attributes including but not limited to financial trends, strengths and weaknesses, likelihood of repayment when considering both cash flow and collateral, sources of repayment, leverage position, management expertise, and repayment history.

At the low-risk end of the rating scale, a risk grade of 1 – Minimal Risk is the grade reserved for loans with exceptional credit fundamentals and virtually no risk of default or loss. Loan grades then progress through escalating ratings of 2 through 6 based upon risk. Risk Grade 2 – Modest Risk are loans with sufficient cash flows; Risk Grade 3 – Average Risk are loans with key balance sheet ratios slightly above the borrower’s peers; Risk Grade 4 – Acceptable Risk are loans with key balance sheet ratios usually near the borrower’s peers, but one or more ratios may be higher; and Risk Grade 5 – Marginally Acceptable are loans with strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening markets. Risk Grade 6 – Management Attention are loans with weaknesses resulting from declining performance trends and the borrower’s cash flows may be temporarily strained. Loans in this category are performing according to terms, but present some type of potential concern.

Risk Grade 7 − SPECIAL MENTION (Non-Pass Category)

Assets in this category are adequately collateralized but have potential weakness which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. The loans may constitute increased credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. No loss of principal or interest is envisioned, but risk is increasing beyond that at which the loan originally would have been granted. Historically, cash flows are inconsistent; financial trends show some deterioration. Liquidity and leverage are above industry averages. Financial information could be incomplete or inadequate. A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention.

Risk Grade 8 − SUBSTANDARD (Non-Pass Category)

Generally, these assets are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have “well-defined” weaknesses that jeopardize the full liquidation of the debt.

These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the aggregate amount of substandard assets is not fully covered by the liquidation of the collateral used as security. Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default and require more intensive supervision by Company management.

Risk Grade 9 − DOUBTFUL (Non-Pass Category)

Generally, loans graded doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan with the added factor that the weaknesses are pronounced to a point whereby the basis of current information, conditions, and values, collection or liquidation in full is deemed to be highly improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to strengthen the asset, its classification is deferred until, for example, a proposed merger, acquisition, liquidation procedure, capital injection, perfection of liens on additional collateral and/or refinancing plan is completed. Loans are graded doubtful if they contain weaknesses so serious that collection or liquidation in full is questionable.

The following table presents outstanding loan balances by loan class prior to allocation of net deferred fees and costs, as well as the balance of total loans held for investment after allocation of net deferred fees and costs and net loans after allocation of the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.


(Dollars in thousands)		March 31,		December 31,
		2026		2025
Real Estate		$	839,239	$	853,668
Agricultural			1,230		984
Commercial and Industrial			66,187		66,924
Consumer			4,881		4,953
State and Political Subdivisions			20,083		20,132
Subtotal: Total Loans			931,620		946,661
Net Deferred Fees and Costs			543		624
Subtotal: Total Loans Held for Investment			932,163		947,285
Loans Held for Sale			452		1,140
Allowance for Credit Losses			(9,038)		(9,412)
Net Loans		$	923,577	$	939,013

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by risk rating and year of origination and year-to-date gross charge-offs by loan portfolio summarized by year of origination as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.


March 31, 2026:
(Dollars in thousands)

Real Estate:		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	20,659		106,891		92,505		98,037		138,468		353,184	$	809,744
7 Special Mention		—		214		93		1,985		280		784		3,356
8 Substandard		250		80		—		—		3,290		22,519		26,139
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate Loans	$	20,909	$	107,185	$	92,598	$	100,022	$	142,038	$	376,487	$	839,239

Agricultural:		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	—		116		162		223		23		706	$	1,230
7 Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8 Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Agricultural Loans	$	—	$	116	$	162	$	223	$	23	$	706	$	1,230

Commercial and Industrial:		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	2,010		13,943		5,715		6,041		4,271		25,204	$	57,184
7 Special Mention		—		—		300		8,693		—		—		8,993
8 Substandard		10		—		—		—		—		—		10
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	2,020	$	13,943	$	6,015	$	14,734	$	4,271	$	25,204	$	66,187

Consumer:		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	634		1,298		1,125		545		274		995	$	4,871
7 Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8 Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		10		10
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer Loans	$	634	$	1,298	$	1,125	$	545	$	274	$	1,005	$	4,881

State and Political Subdivisions:		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	—		896		—		1,133		1,374		16,680	$	20,083
7 Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8 Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total State and Political Subdivision Loans	$	—	$	896	$	—	$	1,133	$	1,374	$	16,680	$	20,083

Total Loans:		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	23,303		123,144		99,507		105,979		144,410		396,769	$	893,112
7 Special Mention		—		214		393		10,678		280		784		12,349
8 Substandard		260		80		—		—		3,290		22,529		26,159
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Loans	$	23,563	$	123,438	$	99,900	$	116,657	$	147,980	$	420,082	$	931,620

		2026		2025		2024		2023		2022		Prior		Total
Gross Charge Offs:
Real Estate	$	—		—		—		—		—		—	$	—
Agricultural		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and Industrial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		17		6		—		11		34
State and Political Subdivisions		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Gross Charge Offs	$	—	$	—	$	17	$	6	$	—	$	11	$	34


As of December 31, 2025:
(Dollars in thousands)

Real Estate:		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	105,385		98,017		100,585		143,520		105,700		272,003	$	825,210
7 Special Mention		863		93		1,995		282		804		—		4,037
8 Substandard		80		—		—		3,389		1,260		19,692		24,421
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Real Estate Loans	$	106,328	$	98,110	$	102,580	$	147,191	$	107,764	$	291,695	$	853,668

Agricultural:		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	24		168		151		24		—		617	$	984
7 Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8 Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Agricultural Loans	$	24	$	168	$	151	$	24	$	—	$	617	$	984

Commercial and Industrial:		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	14,374		6,297		15,040		4,414		3,303		23,186	$	66,614
7 Special Mention		—		300		—		—		—		—		300
8 Substandard		—		—		10		—		—		—		10
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Commercial and Industrial Loans	$	14,374	$	6,597	$	15,050	$	4,414	$	3,303	$	23,186	$	66,924

Consumer:		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	1,593		1,310		657		337		340		693	$	4,930
7 Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		13		13
8 Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		10		10
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Consumer Loans	$	1,593	$	1,310	$	657	$	337	$	340	$	716	$	4,953

State and Political Subdivisions:		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	861		—		1,139		1,374		12,528		4,230	$	20,132
7 Special Mention		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8 Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total State and Political Subdivision Loans	$	861	$	—	$	1,139	$	1,374	$	12,528	$	4,230	$	20,132

Total Loans:		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
1-6 Pass	$	122,237	$	105,792	$	117,572	$	149,669	$	121,871	$	300,729	$	917,870
7 Special Mention		863		393		1,995		282		804		13		4,350
8 Substandard		80		—		10		3,389		1,260		19,702		24,441
9 Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total Loans	$	123,180	$	106,185	$	119,577	$	153,340	$	123,935	$	320,444	$	946,661

		2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Total
Gross Charge Offs:
Real Estate	$	—		—		10		2,000		—		7	$	2,017
Agricultural		—		—

FIRST KEYSTONE CORP 10-Q