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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended

June 30, 2019

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File No. 001-10253

TCF Financial Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	41-1591444
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

200 Lake Street East

Wayzata, Minnesota 55391-1693

(Address and Zip Code of principal executive offices)

(952) 745-2760

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)	TCF	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary shares, each representing a 1/1000th interest in a share of the 5.70% Series C Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock	TCF-PD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☑

As of July 30, 2019, there were 161,235,844 shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, par value $.01 per share, its only outstanding class of common stock.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS



Description	Page

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	1

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	3

Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	4

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	47

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	70

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.	71

Part II - Other Information

Items 1 - 6.	72

Signatures	75

Table of Contents

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements.

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition



(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	At June 30, 2019			At December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	555,271		$	587,057
Investments	105,659			91,654
Debt securities held to maturity	144,919			148,852
Debt securities available for sale	3,109,803			2,470,065
Loans and leases held for sale	74,410			90,664
Loans and leases:
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	2,472,066			2,444,380
Junior lien	2,821,099			2,965,960
Total consumer real estate	5,293,165			5,410,340
Commercial	4,185,811			3,851,303
Leasing and equipment finance	4,826,785			4,699,740
Inventory finance	3,404,214			3,107,356
Auto finance	1,456,138			1,982,277
Other	18,341			21,295
Total loans and leases	19,184,454			19,072,311
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(146,503		)	(157,446		)
Net loans and leases	19,037,951			18,914,865
Premises and equipment, net	432,751			427,534
Goodwill, net	154,757			154,757
Other assets	1,011,309			814,164
Total assets	$	24,626,830		$	23,699,612
Liabilities and Equity:
Deposits:
Checking	$	6,544,470		$	6,381,327
Savings	6,519,587			6,122,257
Money market	1,443,003			1,609,422
Certificates of deposit	4,605,327			4,790,680
Total deposits	19,112,387			18,903,686
Borrowings:
Short-term borrowings	350,764			—
Long-term borrowings	1,617,531			1,449,472
Total borrowings	1,968,295			1,449,472
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	835,630			790,194
Total liabilities	21,916,312			21,143,352
Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 30,000,000 shares authorized;
7,000 shares issued	169,302			169,302
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 280,000,000 shares authorized;
173,083,763 and 173,584,846 shares issued	1,731			1,736
Additional paid-in capital	868,001			885,089
Retained earnings, subject to certain restrictions	1,874,308			1,766,994
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	37,334			(33,138		)
Treasury stock at cost, 10,313,700 and 9,661,619 shares and other	(265,016		)	(252,182		)
Total TCF Financial Corporation stockholders' equity	2,685,660			2,537,801
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries	24,858			18,459
Total equity	2,710,518			2,556,260
Total liabilities and equity	$	24,626,830		$	23,699,612

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)



	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest income:
Loans and leases	$	279,447	$	269,280	$	559,041	$	529,655
Debt securities available for sale	22,325		12,516		41,140		22,639
Debt securities held to maturity	924		998		1,459		2,017
Loans held for sale and other	4,247		3,529		8,548		7,274
Total interest income	306,943		286,323		610,188		561,585
Interest expense:
Deposits	40,542		23,953		78,022		46,463
Borrowings	16,077		11,571		30,935		21,124
Total interest expense	56,619		35,524		108,957		67,587
Net interest income	250,324		250,799		501,231		493,998
Provision for credit losses	13,569		14,236		23,691		25,604
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	236,755		236,563		477,540		468,394
Non-interest income:
Leasing and equipment finance	42,126		42,904		83,265		84,751
Fees and service charges	32,477		32,670		63,801		63,421
Card revenue	15,632		14,962		29,875		28,721
ATM revenue	4,863		4,933		9,303		9,583
Gains on sales of loans, net	10,828		7,192		18,800		16,315
Servicing fee income	4,523		7,484		9,633		15,779
Gains (losses) on debt securities, net	1,066		24		1,517		87
Other	1,936		3,934		4,283		7,650
Total non-interest income	113,451		114,103		220,477		226,307
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	114,369		120,575		235,926		244,415
Occupancy and equipment	41,828		40,711		83,565		81,225
Lease financing equipment depreciation	19,133		17,945		38,389		35,219
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets, net	2,448		3,857		7,078		8,773
Merger-related expenses	4,226		—		13,684		—
Other	54,845		88,951		111,282		148,387
Total non-interest expense	236,849		272,039		489,924		518,019
Income before income tax expense	113,357		78,627		208,093		176,682
Income tax expense	19,314		16,418		40,601		38,049
Income after income tax expense	94,043		62,209		167,492		138,633
Income attributable to non-controlling interest	3,616		3,460		6,571		6,123
Net income attributable to TCF Financial Corporation	90,427		58,749		160,921		132,510
Preferred stock dividends	2,494		2,494		4,987		6,600
Impact of preferred stock redemption	—		—		—		3,481
Net income available to common stockholders	$	87,933	$	56,255	$	155,934	$	122,429
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.54	$	0.34	$	0.96	$	0.73
Diluted	0.54		0.34		0.96		0.73
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	161,973,864		165,728,591		161,919,867		167,110,343
Diluted	162,305,154		166,857,640		162,364,168		168,464,546

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)



	Quarter Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income attributable to TCF Financial Corporation	$	90,427		$	58,749		$	160,921		$	132,510
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale and interest-only strips	30,625			(4,806		)	67,993			(32,625		)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on net investment hedges	(2,179		)	3,779			(4,487		)	5,383
Foreign currency translation adjustment	3,415			(4,925		)	6,982			(7,035		)
Recognized postretirement prior service cost	(8		)	(8		)	(16		)	(17		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	31,853			(5,960		)	70,472			(34,294		)
Comprehensive income	$	122,280		$	52,789		$	231,393		$	98,216

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)

For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018



	TCF Financial Corporation
	Number of Shares Issued			Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock and Other			Total			Non- controlling Interest			Total Equity
(Dollars in thousands)	Preferred	Common		Preferred Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock and Other			Total			Non- controlling Interest			Total Equity
Balance, March 31, 2019	7,000	173,318,320		$	169,302	$	1,733		$	875,797		$	1,810,701		$	5,481	$	(246,621	)	$	2,616,393		$	29,452		$	2,645,845
Net income	—	—		—		—			—			90,427			—		—			90,427			3,616			94,043
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		—			—			—			31,853		—			31,853			—			31,853
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	—	—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—			(8,210		)	(8,210		)
Repurchases of 1,324,920 shares of common stock	—	—		—		—			—			—			—		(26,495		)	(26,495		)	—			(26,495		)
Dividends on 5.70% Series C Preferred Stock	—	—		—		—			—			(2,494		)	—		—			(2,494		)	—			(2,494		)
Dividends on common stock of $0.15 per common share	—	—		—		—			—			(24,326		)	—		—			(24,326		)	—			(24,326		)
Stock compensation plans, net of tax	—	(234,557	)	—		(2		)	(8,423		)	—			—		8,727			302			—			302
Change in shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	—	—		—		—			627			—			—		(627		)	—			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2019	7,000	173,083,763		$	169,302	$	1,731		$	868,001		$	1,874,308		$	37,334	$	(265,016	)	$	2,685,660		$	24,858		$	2,710,518



Balance, March 31, 2018	7,000	172,472,035	$	169,302	$	1,725	$	878,096		$	1,618,041		$	(46,851	)	$	(97,800	)	$	2,522,513		$	28,437		$	2,550,950
Net income	—	—	—		—		—			58,749			—			—			58,749			3,460			62,209
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—	—		—		—			—			(5,960		)	—			(5,960		)	—			(5,960		)
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	—	—	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(8,251		)	(8,251		)
Repurchases of 2,780,835 shares of common stock	—	—	—		—		—			—			—			(68,213		)	(68,213		)	—			(68,213		)
Dividends on 5.70% Series C Preferred Stock	—	—	—		—		—			(2,494		)	—			—			(2,494		)	—			(2,494		)
Dividends on common stock of $0.15 per common share	—	—	—		—		—			(24,847		)	—			—			(24,847		)	—			(24,847		)
Common stock warrants exercised	—	969,565	—		10		(10		)	—			—			—			—			—			—
Stock compensation plans, net of tax	—	80,407	—		—		1,184			—			—			—			1,184			—			1,184
Change in shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	—	—	—		—		(1,906		)	—			—			1,906			—			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2018	7,000	173,522,007	$	169,302	$	1,735	$	877,364		$	1,649,449		$	(52,811	)	$	(164,107	)	$	2,480,932		$	23,646		$	2,504,578

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018



	TCF Financial Corporation
	Number of Shares Issued				Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury Stock and Other			Total			Non- controlling Interest			Total Equity
(Dollars in thousands)	Preferred		Common
Balance, December 31, 2018	7,000		173,584,846		$	169,302		$	1,736		$	885,089		$	1,766,994		$	(33,138	)	$	(252,182	)	$	2,537,801		$	18,459		$	2,556,260
Net income	—		—		—			—			—			160,921			—			—			160,921			6,571			167,492
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—			—			—			—			70,472			—			70,472			—			70,472
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(172		)	(172		)
Repurchases of 1,324,920 shares of common stock	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(26,495		)	(26,495		)	—			(26,495		)
Dividends on 5.70% Series C Preferred Stock	—		—		—			—			—			(4,987		)	—			—			(4,987		)	—			(4,987		)
Dividends on common stock of $0.30 per common share	—		—		—			—			—			(48,620		)	—			—			(48,620		)	—			(48,620		)
Stock compensation plans, net of tax	—		(501,083	)	—			(5		)	(18,945		)	—			—			15,518			(3,432		)	—			(3,432		)
Change in shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	—		—		—			—			1,857			—			—			(1,857		)	—			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2019	7,000		173,083,763		$	169,302		$	1,731		$	868,001		$	1,874,308		$	37,334		$	(265,016	)	$	2,685,660		$	24,858		$	2,710,518

Balance, December 31, 2017	4,007,000		172,158,449		$	265,821		$	1,722		$	877,217		$	1,577,311		$	(18,517	)	$	(40,797	)	$	2,662,757		$	17,827		$	2,680,584
Change in accounting principle	—		—		—			—			—			(116		)	—			—			(116		)	—			(116		)
Balance, January 1, 2018	4,007,000		172,158,449		265,821			1,722			877,217			1,577,195			(18,517		)	(40,797		)	2,662,641			17,827			2,680,468
Net income	—		—		—			—			—			132,510			—			—			132,510			6,123			138,633
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—			—			—			—			(34,294		)	—			(34,294		)	—			(34,294		)
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			(304		)	(304		)
Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock	(4,000,000	)	—		(96,519		)	—			—			(3,481		)	—			—			(100,000		)	—			(100,000		)
Repurchases of 5,348,006 shares of common stock	—		—		—			—			—			—			—			(125,886		)	(125,886		)	—			(125,886		)
Dividends on 6.45% Series B Preferred Stock	—		—		—			—			—			(1,613		)	—			—			(1,613		)	—			(1,613		)
Dividends on 5.70% Series C Preferred Stock	—		—		—			—			—			(4,987		)	—			—			(4,987		)	—			(4,987		)
Dividends on common stock of $0.30 per common share	—		—		—			—			—			(50,175		)	—			—			(50,175		)	—			(50,175		)
Common stock warrants exercised	—		970,761		—			10			(10		)	—			—			—			—			—			—
Common shares purchased by TCF employee benefit plans	—		34,627		—			—			715			—			—			—			715			—			715
Stock compensation plans, net of tax	—		358,170		—			3			2,018			—			—			—			2,021			—			2,021
Change in shares held in trust for deferred compensation plans, at cost	—		—		—			—			(2,576		)	—			—			2,576			—			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2018	7,000		173,522,007		$	169,302		$	1,735		$	877,364		$	1,649,449		$	(52,811	)	$	(164,107	)	$	2,480,932		$	23,646		$	2,504,578

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	167,492		$	138,633
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	23,691			25,604
Depreciation and amortization	114,529			110,235
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	28,693			19,958
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases held for sale	178,802			157,088
Originations of loans and leases held for sale, net of repayments	(185,848		)	(168,792		)
Gains on sales of assets, net	(34,648		)	(18,589		)
Net change in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities	(56,517		)	21,328
Other, net	(23,289		)	(22,102		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	212,905			263,363
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of debt securities available for sale	408,230			—
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on debt securities	149,598			77,383
Purchases of debt securities	(1,147,642		)	(650,051		)
Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	68,000			126,001
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(82,000		)	(139,000		)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases	414,974			370,934
Loan and lease originations and purchases, net of principal collected on loans and leases	(556,311		)	(98,923		)
Proceeds from sales of assets	49,996			20,913
Purchases of premises and equipment and lease equipment	(68,284		)	(78,592		)
Other, net	3,034			10,317
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(760,405		)	(361,018		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	230,161			30,204
Net change in short-term borrowings	350,765			911
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	1,737,159			5,015,317
Payments on long-term borrowings	(1,724,630		)	(4,705,436		)
Payments on liabilities related to acquisition and portfolio purchase	(1,000		)	—
Redemption of Series B preferred stock	—			(100,000		)
Repurchases of common stock	(22,962		)	(125,886		)
Common shares sold to TCF employee benefit plans	—			715
Dividends paid on preferred stock	(4,987		)	(6,600		)
Dividends paid on common stock	(48,620		)	(50,175		)
Exercise of stock options	—			(997		)
Net investment by (distribution to) non-controlling interest	(172		)	(304		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	515,714			57,749
Net change in cash and due from banks	(31,786		)	(39,906		)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period	587,057			621,782
Cash and due from banks at end of period	$	555,271		$	581,876
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information and non-cash investing and financing activities:
Cash paid (received) for:
Interest on deposits and borrowings	$	103,413		$	64,294
Income taxes, net	7,374			(22,439		)
Transfer of loans and leases to other assets	48,025			50,078
Transfer of loans and leases from held for investment to held for sale, net	375,084			514,273
Operating lease right-of-use assets arising from obtaining operating lease liabilities	94,127			—
Pricing of subordinated bank notes due in 2029	148,555			—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TCF FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

TCF Financial Corporation (together with its direct and indirect subsidiaries, "we," "us," "our," "TCF" or the "Company"), a Delaware corporation, is a national bank holding company based in Wayzata, Minnesota. References herein to "TCF Financial" or the "Holding Company" refer to TCF Financial Corporation on an unconsolidated basis. Its principal subsidiary, TCF National Bank ("TCF Bank"), is headquartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. TCF Bank operates bank branches in Illinois, Minnesota, Michigan, Colorado, Wisconsin, Arizona and South Dakota (TCF's "primary banking markets"). Through its direct subsidiaries, TCF Bank provides a full range of consumer-facing and commercial services, including consumer banking services, commercial banking services, commercial leasing and equipment financing, and commercial inventory financing.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes necessary for complete financial statements in conformity with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all the significant adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for fair presentation. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. The information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is written with the presumption that the users of the interim financial statements have read or have access to the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contains the latest audited financial statements and notes thereto, together with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations at and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on information available to management at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.

Note 2. Proposed Merger with Chemical Financial Corporation

On January 27, 2019, TCF entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") with Chemical Financial Corporation ("Chemical"), a financial holding company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, with $22.5 billion in assets at June 30, 2019. Upon closing of the merger, Chemical will continue as the surviving company and will be renamed TCF Financial Corporation. All shares of its common and preferred stock will be listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market^®. All regulatory and shareholder approvals for the merger have been received by TCF and Chemical and the merger is expected to close on August 1, 2019, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, each outstanding share of TCF common stock will be converted into the right to receive, without interest, 0.5081 shares of Chemical common stock. Also, at the effective time of the merger, each outstanding share of the 5.70% Series C non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock of TCF will be converted into the right to receive, without interest, one share of a newly created series of preferred stock of Chemical with equivalent rights and preferences.

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting policies in effect at December 31, 2018 remain substantially unchanged and have been followed similarly as in previous periods except for the lease financing accounting policy. The accounting policy changes are the result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and related ASUs.

Leases TCF enters into lease contracts as both a lessor and a lessee. A contract, or part of a contract, is considered a lease if it conveys the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from, and the right to direct and use, an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The determination of lease classification requires various judgments and estimates by management which may include the fair value of the equipment at lease inception, useful life of the equipment under lease, estimate of the lease residual value and collectability of minimum lease payments. Management has policies and procedures in place for the determination of lease classification and review of the related judgments and estimates for all leases.

As a lessor, TCF provides various types of lease financing that are classified for accounting purposes as direct financing, sales-type or operating leases. Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership to the lessee are classified as direct financing or sales-type leases and are recorded in loans and leases. Direct financing and sales-type leases are carried at the combined present value of future minimum lease payments and lease residual values.

Interest income on net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases is recognized using methods that approximate a level yield over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the lease, including pro rata rent payments received for the interim period until the lease contract commences and the fixed, non-cancelable lease term begins. Sales-type leases generate selling profit (loss), which is recognized on the commencement date by recording lease revenue net of lease cost. Lease revenue consists of the present value of the future minimum lease payments and lease cost consists of the leased equipment's net book value, less the present value of its residual.

Some lease financing contracts include a residual value component, which represents the estimated fair value of the leased equipment at the expiration of the initial term of the transaction. The estimation of residual values involves judgment regarding product and technology changes, customer behavior, shifts in supply and demand and other economic assumptions. TCF reviews residual assumptions when assessing potential impairment of the net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases each quarter. Decreases in the expected residual value are reflected through an increase in the provision for credit losses, which results in an increase to the allowance for loan and lease losses.

TCF may sell minimum lease payment receivables, primarily as a credit risk reduction tool, to third-party financial institutions at fixed rates, on a non-recourse basis, with its underlying equipment as collateral. For those transactions that qualify for sale accounting, the related lease cash flow stream and the non-recourse financing are derecognized. For those transactions that do not qualify for sale accounting, the underlying lease remains on TCF's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and non-recourse debt is recorded in the amount of the proceeds received. TCF retains servicing of these leases and bills, collects and remits funds to the third-party financial institution. Upon default by the lessee, the third-party financial institutions may take control of the underlying collateral which TCF would otherwise retain as residual value.

Leases that do not transfer substantially all benefits and risks of ownership to the lessee are classified as operating leases. Such leased equipment and related initial direct costs are included in other assets and depreciated to their estimated salvage value on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease financing equipment depreciation is recorded in non-interest expense. Operating lease payments received are recognized as lease income when due and recorded as a component of leasing and equipment finance non-interest income. An allowance for lease losses is not provided on operating leases.

See Note 6. Loans and Leases for further information.

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As a lessee, TCF enters into contracts to lease real estate, information technology equipment and various other types of equipment. Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership to TCF are classified as finance leases, while all others are classified as operating leases. At lease commencement, a lease liability and right-of-use asset are calculated and recognized for both types of leases. The lease liability is equal to the present value of future minimum lease payments. The right-of-use asset is equal to the lease liability, plus any initial direct costs and prepaid lease payments, less any lease incentives received. Operating lease right-of-use assets are recorded in other assets and finance lease right-of-use assets are recorded in premises and equipment, net. The Company uses the appropriate term Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") rate to determine the discount rate for the present value calculation of future minimum payments when an implicit rate is not known for a given lease. The lease term used in the calculation includes any options to extend that TCF is reasonably certain to exercise.

Subsequent to lease commencement, lease liabilities recorded for finance leases are measured using the effective interest rate method and the related right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Interest expense and amortization expense are recorded separately in the income statement in interest expense on borrowings and occupancy and equipment non-interest expense, respectively. For operating leases, total lease cost is comprised of lease expense, short-term lease cost, variable lease cost and sublease income. Lease expense includes future minimum lease payments, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, as well as common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, insurance and other expenses, where applicable, which are expensed as incurred. Total lease cost for operating leases is recorded in occupancy and equipment non-interest expense.

See Note 8. Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets and Liabilities for further information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes, which permits the use of the OIS Rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815 in addition to the interest rates on direct Treasury obligations of the U.S. government, the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") swap rate, the OIS Rate based on the Fed Funds Effective Rate and the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Rate. The adoption of this ASU was on a prospective basis for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after January 1, 2019. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force), which requires the decision to capitalize or expense implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (i.e. a hosting arrangement) that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350-40. TCF's policy had been to expense these costs as incurred. The adoption of this ASU was on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it more consistently with the accounting for share-based payments to employees. The new guidance in ASC 718 supersedes the guidance in ASC 505-50. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis with no cumulative effect adjustment recorded. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260): Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, which simplifies the accounting for certain equity-linked financial instruments and embedded features with the down round features that reduce the exercise price when the pricing of a future round of financing is lower. The adoption of this ASU was on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which, along with other amendments, requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheet. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The ASU requires both quantitative and qualitative disclosure regarding key information about leasing arrangements from both lessees and lessors. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company also adopted the following ASUs, which further amend the original lease guidance in Topic 842: (i) ASU No. 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840) and Leases (Topic 842): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs, which rescinds certain SEC Observer comments and staff announcements from the lease guidance and incorporates SEC staff announcements on the effect of a change in tax law on leveraged leases from ASC 840 into ASC 842; (ii) ASU No. 2018-01, Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which amends the new lease guidance to add an optional transition practical expedient that permits an entity to continue applying its current accounting policy for land easements that existed or expired before January 1, 2019; (iii) ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, which makes narrow scope improvements to the standard for specific issues; (iv) ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides an optional transition method allowing the standard to be applied at the adoption date and provides a practical expedient related to separating components of a contract for lessors; (v) ASU No. 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842): Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors, which allows lessors to elect to account for all sales taxes as lessee costs, instead of determining whether they are lessee or lessor costs in each individual jurisdiction. It requires lessor costs paid by lessees directly to third parties to be excluded from revenue, requires lessors to account for costs excluded from the consideration of a contract that are paid by the lessor as revenue and requires certain variable payments to be allocated (rather than recognized) to lease and nonlease components when changes occur in the facts and circumstances on which the variable payments are based; and (vi) ASU No. 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which allows lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers to calculate the fair value of an underlying asset as its cost less any volume or trade discount, requires lessors to classify principal payments received from direct financing and sales-type leases as investing activities in the statement of cash flows and clarifies that certain disclosure requirements that were explicitly excluded from annual reporting during the year of adoption are also excluded from interim reporting during the same year. These ASUs were adopted on a modified retrospective basis. Management elected the practical expedients and optional transition method, which allow for leases entered into prior to January 1, 2019 to be accounted for consistent with prior guidance. Management evaluated TCF's leasing contracts and activities, and developed methodologies and processes to estimate and account for the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities based on the present value of future lease payments. On January 1, 2019, the Company recorded right-of-use assets and lease liabilities totaling $91.9 million and $112.8 million, respectively. The impact to capital ratios as a result of increased risk-weighted assets is immaterial. The adoption of this guidance did not result in a material change to lessee expense recognition. The changes to lessor accounting, as well as changes in customer behavior driven by the adoption of these ASUs, impacts the results of TCF's leasing and equipment financing businesses, including earlier recognition of expense due to a narrower definition of initial direct costs and the timing of revenue recognition for certain leases, resulting in more revenue being deferred over the lease term.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU No. 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606, which makes targeted improvements to the accounting for collaborative arrangements in response to questions raised as a result of the issuance of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The adoption of this ASU will be required beginning with TCF's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is allowed. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities, which provides an elective exemption to private companies from applying variable interest entities ("VIE") guidance to all entities under common control if certain criteria are met. In addition, this ASU contains an amendment applicable to all entities which amends how a decision maker or service provider determines whether its fee is a variable interest in a VIE when a related party under common control also has an interest in the VIE. The adoption of this ASU will be required beginning with TCF's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is allowed. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The adoption of this ASU will be required beginning with TCF's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2020. Certain of the amendments require prospective application, while the remainder require retrospective application. Early adoption is allowed either for the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify the requirements. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets, including trade and other receivables, held to maturity debt securities, loans, net investments in leases and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The ASU requires the use of a current expected credit loss ("CECL") approach to determine the allowance for credit losses for loans and held to maturity debt securities. CECL requires loss estimates for the remaining estimated life of the asset using historical loss data as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts based on current economic conditions. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of Subtopic 326-20 and should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 842. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which clarifies and corrects certain unintended applications of the guidance contained in each of the amended Topics. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief, which provides an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10 to certain instruments within the scope of Subtopic 326-20 upon adoption of Topic 326.The adoption of these ASUs will be required on a modified retrospective basis with a cumulative effect adjustment required beginning with TCF's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2020. Early adoption is allowed. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements. CECL represents a significant change in GAAP and may result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements and capital ratios. The impact of these ASUs will depend on the composition of TCF's portfolios and general economic conditions at the date of adoption. Additionally, there are several implementation questions which could affect the adoption impact once resolved. TCF has established a governance structure to implement these ASUs and has developed a majority of the methodologies and models to be used upon adoption. During the second quarter of 2019, TCF began the process of performing parallel runs for CECL alongside our current allowance process. Management will continue to refine and validate the new methodologies and models throughout 2019.

Note 4. Cash and Due from Banks

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, TCF Bank was required by Federal Reserve regulations to maintain reserves of $109.6 million and $106.2 million, respectively, in cash on hand or at the Federal Reserve Bank.

TCF maintains cash balances that are restricted as to their use in accordance with certain obligations. Cash payments received on loans serviced for third parties are generally held in separate accounts until remitted. TCF may also retain cash balances for collateral on certain borrowings, forward foreign exchange contracts, interest rate contracts and other contracts. TCF maintained restricted cash totaling $27.8 million and $38.3 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

TCF had cash held in interest-bearing accounts of $260.7 million and $307.8 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

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Note 5. Debt Securities Available for Sale and Debt Securities Held to Maturity

Debt securities were as follows:



	At June 30, 2019								At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	2,893,169	$	60,257	$	3,903	$	2,949,523	$	1,930,696	$	9,222	$	26,728	$	1,913,190
Other	3		—		—		3		4		—		—		4
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	155,664		4,613		—		160,277		566,304		46		9,479		556,871
Total debt securities available for sale	$	3,048,836	$	64,870	$	3,903	$	3,109,803	$	2,497,004	$	9,268	$	36,207	$	2,470,065
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	141,298	$	6,138	$	279	$	147,157	$	146,052	$	1,460	$	1,045	$	146,467
Other securities	3,621		—		—		3,621		2,800		—		—		2,800
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	144,919	$	6,138	$	279	$	150,778	$	148,852	$	1,460	$	1,045	$	149,267

At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, mortgage-backed debt securities with a carrying value of $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure certain deposits and borrowings.

We have assessed each debt security with unrealized losses included in the table above for credit impairment. As part of that assessment we evaluated and concluded that it is more likely than not that we will not be required and do not intend to sell any of the debt securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. Unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity were primarily due to changes in interest rates.

Net gains (losses) on debt securities were $1.1 million and $1.5 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively, and $24 thousand and $87 thousand for the same periods in 2018. During the second quarter and first six months of 2019, TCF sold $201.3 million and $406.7 million, respectively, of obligations of states and political subdivisions debt securities available for sale and recognized net gains of $1.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively. There were no sales of debt securities available for sale during the second quarter and first six months of 2018. There were no impairment charges on debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity during the second quarter and first six months of 2019 and 2018. The net gains (losses) on debt securities for the first six months of 2019 and 2018 also included recoveries on previously impaired debt securities held to maturity.

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Gross unrealized losses and fair value of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity aggregated by investment category and the length of time the securities were in a continuous loss position were as follows:



	At June 30, 2019
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	1,240	$	4	$	373,910	$	3,899	$	375,150	$	3,903
Total debt securities available for sale	$	1,240	$	4	$	373,910	$	3,899	$	375,150	$	3,903

Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	—	$	—	$	14,792	$	279	$	14,792	$	279
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	—	$	—	$	14,792	$	279	$	14,792	$	279



	At December 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Debt securities available for sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	102,709	$	184	$	838,482	$	26,544	$	941,191	$	26,728
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,620		—		526,817		9,479		530,437		9,479
Total debt securities available for sale	$	106,329	$	184	$	1,365,299	$	36,023	$	1,471,628	$	36,207

Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and federal agencies	$	3,074	$	14	$	31,738	$	1,031	$	34,812	$	1,045
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	3,074	$	14	$	31,738	$	1,031	$	34,812	$	1,045

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity by final contractual maturity were as follows. The final contractual maturities do not consider possible prepayments and therefore expected maturities may differ because borrowers may have the right to prepay.



	At June 30, 2019				At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Debt securities available for sale:
Due in 1-5 years	$	14,616	$	14,556	$	24,464	$	24,375
Due in 5-10 years	240,240		247,026		509,832		503,768
Due after 10 years	2,793,980		2,848,221		1,962,708		1,941,922
Total debt securities available for sale	$	3,048,836	$	3,109,803	$	2,497,004	$	2,470,065

Debt securities held to maturity:
Due in 1-5 years	$	3,150	$	3,150	$	2,400	$	2,400
Due in 5-10 years	463		470		430		432
Due after 10 years	141,306		147,158		146,022		146,435
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	144,919	$	150,778	$	148,852	$	149,267

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Interest income attributable to debt securities available for sale was as follows:



	Quarter Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Taxable interest income	$	21,117	$	8,163	$	37,248	$	13,976
Tax-exempt interest income	1,208		4,353		3,892		8,663
Total interest income	$	22,325	$	12,516	$	41,140	$	22,639

Note 6. Loans and Leases

Loans and leases were as follows:



(In thousands)	At June 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018
Consumer real estate:
First mortgage lien	$	2,472,066	$	2,444,380
Junior lien	2,821,099		2,965,960
Total consumer real estate	5,293,165		5,410,340
Commercial:
Commercial real estate:
Permanent	2,762,500		2,510,583
Construction and development	499,788		397,564
Total commercial real estate	3,262,288		2,908,147
Commercial business	923,523		943,156
Total commercial	4,185,811		3,851,303
Leasing and equipment finance	4,826,785		4,699,740
Inventory finance	3,404,214		3,107,356
Auto finance	1,456,138		1,982,277
Other	18,341		21,295
Total loans and leases⁽¹⁾	$	19,184,454	$	19,072,311


(1)	Loans and leases are reported at historical cost including net direct fees and costs associated with originating and acquiring loans and leases, lease residuals, unearned income and unamortized purchase premiums and discounts. The aggregate amount of these loan and lease adjustments was $(16.4) million and $(2.2) million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Leasing and Equipment Finance Portfolio Included in leasing and equipment finance loans and leases were $2.6 billion and $2.5 billion of direct financing and sales-type leases at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and related ASUs on a modified retrospective basis, electing the practical expedients and optional transition method. As such, the following leasing disclosures include information at or for the second quarter and first six months ended June 30, 2019.

The components of the net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases were as follows:



(In thousands)	At June 30, 2019
Carrying amount	$	2,665,465
Unguaranteed residual assets	145,632
Net direct fees and costs and unearned income	(228,484		)
Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases	$	2,582,613

The carrying amount of the direct financing and sales-type leases subject to residual value guarantees was $255.9 million at June 30, 2019.

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The components of total lease income were as follows:



	Quarter Ended		Six Months Ended
(In thousands)	June 30, 2019
Interest income - loans and leases:
Interest income on net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases	$	31,598	$	62,882

Leasing and equipment finance non-interest income:
Lease income from operating lease payments	25,423		50,673
Profit (loss) recorded on commencement date on sales-type leases	7,250		14,307
Other⁽¹⁾	9,453		18,285
Total leasing and equipment finance non-interest income	42,126		83,265
Total lease income	$	73,724	$	146,147


(1)	Other leasing and equipment finance non-interest income consists of gains (losses) on sales of leased equipment, fees and service charges on leases and gains (losses) on sales of leases.

Lease financing equipment depreciation on equipment leased to others was $19.1 million and $38.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively. The net book value of equipment leased to others and related initial direct costs under operating leases was $291.5 million at June 30, 2019.

Undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases, and a reconciliation to the carrying amount recorded at June 30, 2019 were as follows:



(In thousands)
2019	$	493,850
2020	802,302
2021	592,387
2022	373,487
2023	206,888
Thereafter	88,765
Equipment under leases not yet commenced	69,946
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases	2,627,625
Third-party residual value guarantees	37,840
Total carrying amount of direct financing and sales-type leases	$	2,665,465

Undiscounted future minimum lease payments expected to be received for operating leases at June 30, 2019 were as follows:



(In thousands)
2019	$	39,286
2020	66,861
2021	44,821
2022	23,101
2023	8,541
Thereafter	3,975
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments	$	186,585

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Loan Sales During the second quarter and first six months of 2019, TCF sold $280.7 million and $499.8 million, respectively, of consumer real estate loans, received cash of $292.1 million and $519.8 million, respectively, and recognized net gains of $10.8 million and $18.8 million, respectively. During the second quarter and first six months of 2018, TCF sold $181.7 million and $448.0 million, respectively, of consumer real estate loans, received cash of $188.2 million and $461.0 million, respectively, and recognized net gains of $7.2 million and $16.3 million, respectively. Related to these sales, TCF retained interest-only strips of $0.7 million and $1.6 million during the second quarter and first six months of 2019, respectively, and $0.6 million and $3.8 million during the same periods in 2018. TCF generally retains servicing on loans sold.

No servicing assets or liabilities related to consumer real estate loans were recorded within TCF's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as the contractual servicing fees are adequate to compensate TCF for its servicing responsibilities based on the amount demanded by the marketplace.

Interest-only strips and the contractual liabilities related to loan sales were as follows:



(In thousands)	At June 30, 2019		At December 31, 2018
Interest-only strips	$	15,236	$	16,835
Contractual liabilities related to consumer real estate loan sales	960		1,321

TCF recorded $21 thousand of impairment charges on interest-only strips during the second quarter and first six months of 2019 and $13 thousand and $616 thousand during the same periods in 2018.

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Note 7. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Credit Quality Information

The rollforwards of the allowance for loan and lease losses were as follows:



(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate			Commercial			Leasing and Equipment Finance			Inventory Finance			Auto Finance			Other			Total
At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019:
Balance, beginning of period	$	43,820		$	34,711		$	24,832		$	14,132		$	29,854		$	623		$	147,972
Charge-offs	(1,652		)	(3,461		)	(2,790		)	(1,857		)	(9,250		)	(2,056		)	(21,066		)
Recoveries	1,338			16			747			568			3,347			968			6,984
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(314		)	(3,445		)	(2,043		)	(1,289		)	(5,903		)	(1,088		)	(14,082		)
Provision for credit losses	1,448			5,523			3,493			(140		)	1,989			1,256			13,569
Other⁽¹⁾	(974		)	—			(12		)	30			—			—			(956		)
Balance, end of period	$	43,980		$	36,789		$	26,270		$	12,733		$	25,940		$	791		$	146,503

At or For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period	$	47,685		$	37,198		$	23,182		$	13,253		$	45,822		$	563		$	167,703
Charge-offs	(2,056		)	(4		)	(2,693		)	(673		)	(11,095		)	(1,667		)	(18,188		)
Recoveries	1,278			31			587			156			2,579			787			5,418
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(778		)	27			(2,106		)	(517		)	(8,516		)	(880		)	(12,770		)
Provision for credit losses	550			3,066			1,182			(860		)	9,302			996			14,236
Other⁽¹⁾	(3,503		)	—			(11		)	(36		)	—			—			(3,550		)
Balance, end of period	$	43,954		$	40,291		$	22,247		$	11,840		$	46,608		$	679		$	165,619

(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate			Commercial			Leasing and Equipment Finance			Inventory Finance			Auto Finance			Other			Total
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019:
Balance, beginning of period	$	44,866		$	41,182		$	23,791		$	12,456		$	34,329		$	822		$	157,446
Charge-offs	(3,200		)	(5,561		)	(5,736		)	(4,376		)	(22,285		)	(4,339		)	(45,497		)
Recoveries	2,438			28			1,223			1,000			6,200			1,872			12,761
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(762		)	(5,533		)	(4,513		)	(3,376		)	(16,085		)	(2,467		)	(32,736		)
Provision for credit losses	1,819			1,140			7,017			3,583			7,696			2,436			23,691
Other⁽¹⁾	(1,943		)	—			(25		)	70			—			—			(1,898		)
Balance, end of period	$	43,980		$	36,789		$	26,270		$	12,733		$	25,940		$	791		$	146,503

At or For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018:
Balance, beginning of period	$	47,168		$	37,195		$	22,528		$	13,233		$	50,225		$	692		$	171,041
Charge-offs	(4,210		)	(4		)	(4,649		)	(1,222		)	(24,536		)	(3,432		)	(38,053		)
Recoveries	2,315			45			1,203			296			5,364			1,909			11,132
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,895		)	41			(3,446		)	(926		)	(19,172		)	(1,523		)	(26,921		)
Provision for credit losses	2,654			3,055			3,178			(348		)	15,555			1,510			25,604
Other⁽¹⁾	(3,973		)	—			(13		)	(119		)	—			—			(4,105		)
Balance, end of period	$	43,954		$	40,291		$	22,247		$	11,840		$	46,608		$	679		$	165,619


(1)	Primarily includes the transfer of the allowance for loan and lease losses to loans and leases held for sale.

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The allowance for loan and lease losses and loans and leases outstanding by type of allowance methodology were as follows:



	At June 30, 2019
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate		Commercial		Leasing and Equipment Finance		Inventory Finance		Auto Finance		Other		Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	26,312	$	34,550	$	21,108	$	12,556	$	25,827	$	791	$	121,144
Individually evaluated for impairment	17,668		2,239		5,162		177		113		—		25,359
Total	$	43,980	$	36,789	$	26,270	$	12,733	$	25,940	$	791	$	146,503
Loans and leases outstanding:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	5,176,956	$	4,131,629	$	4,795,026	$	3,401,670	$	1,443,242	$	18,341	$	18,966,864
Individually evaluated for impairment	116,209		54,182		29,485		2,544		12,896		—		215,316
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		2,274		—		—		—		2,274
Total	$	5,293,165	$	4,185,811	$	4,826,785	$	3,404,214	$	1,456,138	$	18,341	$	19,184,454



	At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Consumer Real Estate		Commercial		Leasing and Equipment Finance		Inventory Finance		Auto Finance		Other		Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	22,134	$	36,411	$	20,108	$	11,621	$	34,157	$	822	$	125,253
Individually evaluated for impairment	22,732		4,771		3,683		835		172		—		32,193
Total	$	44,866	$	41,182	$	23,791	$	12,456	$	34,329	$	822	$	157,446
Loans and leases outstanding:
Collectively evaluated for impairment	$	5,295,817	$	3,815,422	$	4,672,168	$	3,099,073	$	1,968,645	$	21,291	$	18,872,416
Individually evaluated for impairment	114,523		35,881		23,755		8,283		13,632		4		196,078
Loans acquired wi

TCF FINANCIAL CORP 10-Q