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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 0-22140

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			42-1406262
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5501 South Broadband Lane, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108

(Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code)

(877) 497-7497

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	CASH	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒☐ No ☐☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class:	Outstanding at ~~January~~September 295, 2025:
Common Stock, $.01 par value	2322,~~845~~772,~~526~~570	Shares
Nonvoting Common Stock, $.01 par value	0	Nonvoting shares

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC.

FORM 10-Q

Table of Contents

Description		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2025 and September 30, 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (As Restated)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (As Restated)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (As Restated)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (As Restated)	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3539
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	4552
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	4855
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	4957
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	4957
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	4957
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	4957
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	4957
Item 5.	Other Information	4957
Item 6.	Exhibits	5058
~~SIGNATURES~~	SIGNATURES	5159

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025		September 30, 2024
ASSETS	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	~~597~~254,~~396~~249	$	158,337
Securities available for sale, at fair value	1,~~480~~411,~~090~~520		1,741,221
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $27,431 and $30,236, respectively)	32,001		33,092
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $26,492 and $30,236, respectively)	31,335		33,092
Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, at cost	24,~~454~~276		36,014
Loans held for sale	7245,~~648~~767		~~688~~691,~~870~~688
Loans and leases	4,~~562~~464,~~681~~870		4,075,195
Allowance for credit losses	(48102,~~977~~890)		(4571,~~336~~765)
Accrued interest receivable	3537,~~279~~081		31,385
Premises, furniture, and equipment, net	3839,~~263~~542		39,055
Rental equipment, net	~~206~~202,~~754~~194		205,339
Goodwill and intangible assets	~~313~~311,~~074~~992		326,094
Other assets	~~308~~274,~~679~~850		~~260~~266,~~070~~362
Total assets	$	76,~~622~~994,~~342~~786	$	7,~~549~~532,~~336~~017
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits	$	65,~~518~~819,~~953~~209	$	5,875,085
Short-term borrowings	—		377,000
Long-term borrowings	33,~~380~~405		33,354
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	~~293~~328,~~579~~125		424,~~292~~389
Total liabilities	6,~~845~~180,~~912~~739		6,709,~~731~~828
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively	—		—
Preferred stock, 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at March 31, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized, 24,189,631 and 24,851,122 shares issued, 24,119,416 and 24,847,353 shares outstanding at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively	241		248
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized, 23,629,154 and 24,851,122 shares issued, 23,558,939 and 24,847,353 shares outstanding at March 31, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively	235		248
Common stock, Nonvoting, $0.01 par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively	—		—
Common stock, Nonvoting, $0.01 par value; 3,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued, none outstanding at March 31, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	~~640~~643,~~422~~888		638,803
Retained earnings	~~332~~341,~~322~~775		~~354~~337,~~474~~058
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(~~190~~166,~~917~~311)		(153,394)
Treasury stock, at cost, 70,215 and 3,769 common shares at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, respectively	(4,882)		(249)
Treasury stock, at cost, 70,215 and 3,769 common shares at March 31, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively	(4,882)		(249)
Total equity attributable to parent	~~777~~814,~~186~~705		~~839~~822,~~882~~466
Noncontrolling interest	(~~756~~658)		(277)
Total stockholders’ equity	~~776~~814,~~430~~047		~~839~~822,~~605~~189
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	76,~~622~~994,~~342~~786	$	7,~~549~~532,~~336~~017

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		2024		2023
Interest and dividend income:
Loans and leases, including fees		$	102,731	$	94,963
Mortgage-backed securities		8,986		10,049
Other investments		7,522		10,886
		119,239		115,898
Interest expense:
Deposits		775		3,526
FHLB advances and other borrowings		2,331		2,336
		3,106		5,862
Net interest income		116,133		110,036
Provision for credit loss		12,032		9,890
Net interest income after provision for credit loss		104,101		100,146
Noninterest income:
Refund transfer product fees		410		422
Refund advance fee income		459		111
Card and deposit fees		29,066		30,750
Rental income		13,708		13,459
(Loss) on sale of securities		(15,671)		—
Gain on divestitures		16,404		—
Gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases		4,378		(31)
Gain on sale of other		987		2,871
Other income		7,637		5,179
Total noninterest income		57,378		52,761
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits		49,292		46,652
Refund transfer product expense		108		192
Refund advance expense		34		30
Card processing		33,314		34,584
Occupancy and equipment expense		9,706		8,848
Operating lease equipment depreciation		11,426		10,423
Legal and consulting		5,225		4,892
Intangible amortization		812		984
Other expense		13,642		12,669
Total noninterest expense		123,559		119,274
Income before income tax expense		37,920		33,633
Income tax expense		6,294		5,719
Net income before noncontrolling interest		31,626		27,914
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		199		257
Net income attributable to parent		$	31,427	$	27,657
Earnings per common share:
Basic		$	1.29	$	1.06
Diluted		$	1.29	$	1.06

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		2025		2024
			(As Restated)				(As Restated)
Interest and dividend income:
Loans and leases, including fees	$	119,755	$	113,083	$	231,604	$	216,937
Mortgage-backed securities	8,580		9,998		17,566		20,047
Other investments	13,669		14,013		21,190		24,899
	142,004		137,094		270,360		261,883
Interest expense:
Deposits	4,086		6,685		4,861		10,211
FHLB advances and other borrowings	1,639		1,775		3,971		4,111
	5,725		8,460		8,832		14,322

Net interest income	136,279		128,634		261,528		247,561

Provision for credit loss	35,266		29,744		53,927		37,502

Net interest income after provision for credit loss	101,013		98,890		207,601		210,059

Noninterest income:
Refund transfer product fees	32,663		28,942		33,073		29,364
Refund advance and other tax fee income	48,585		43,200		49,110		43,311
Card and deposit fees	30,793		35,344		59,859		66,094
Rental income	13,200		13,720		26,908		27,179
(Loss) on sale of securities	(7,228)		—		(22,899)		—
Gain (loss) on divestitures	(1,360)		—		15,044		—
Secondary market revenue	15,378		1,401		19,755		1,370

Gain on sale of other	627		294		1,614		3,165
Other income	5,866		6,044		13,438		11,223
Total noninterest income	138,524		128,945		195,902		181,706

Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits	51,905		54,073		101,197		100,725
Refund transfer product expense	8,475		7,366		8,583		7,558
Refund advance expense	1,265		1,846		1,299		1,876
Card processing	36,239		35,163		69,552		69,747
Occupancy and equipment expense	10,306		9,293		20,013		18,141
Operating lease equipment depreciation	11,779		10,424		23,206		20,847
Legal and consulting	5,879		6,141		11,103		11,033
Intangible amortization	1,082		1,240		1,894		2,224
Impairment expense	1,514		2,013		1,514		2,013
Other expense	19,733		13,183		37,612		27,655
Total noninterest expense	148,177		140,742		275,973		261,819

Income before income tax expense	91,360		87,093		127,530		129,946

Income tax expense	16,166		16,926		22,171		24,623

Net income before noncontrolling interest	75,194		70,167		105,359		105,323
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	237		249		436		506
Net income attributable to parent	$	74,957	$	69,918	$	104,923	$	104,817

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.16	$	2.74	$	4.37	$	4.07
Diluted	$	3.14	$	2.74	$	4.35	$	4.07

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2024		2023
Net income before noncontrolling interest		$	31,626	$	27,914
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities		(62,340)		88,535
Net loss realized on investment securities		15,671		—
		(46,669)		88,535
Unrealized gain (loss) on currency translation		(2,017)		618
Deferred income tax effect		(11,163)		22,143
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		(37,523)		67,010
Total comprehensive income (loss)		(5,897)		94,924
Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		199		257
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to parent		$	(6,096)	$	94,667

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
			(As Restated)				(As Restated)
Net income before noncontrolling interest	$	75,194	$	70,167	$	105,359	$	105,323

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on debt securities	25,517		(23,414)		(36,823)		65,121
Net loss realized on debt securities	7,228		—		22,899		—
	32,745		(23,414)		(13,924)		65,121
Unrealized gain (loss) on currency translation	(22)		(579)		(2,039)		39
Deferred income tax effect	8,117		(5,856)		(3,046)		16,287
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	24,606		(18,137)		(12,917)		48,873
Total comprehensive income	99,800		52,030		92,442		154,196
Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	237		249		436		506
Comprehensive income attributable to parent	$	99,563	$	51,781	$	92,006	$	153,690

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	CommonStock		AdditionalPaid-inCapital		RetainedEarnings		AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncome (Loss)		TreasuryStock		Total Pathward Financial, Inc.Stockholders’Equity		Noncontrolling interest		TotalStockholders’Equity
Three Months Ended December 31, 2024
Balance, September 30, 2024	$	248	$	638,803	$	354,474	$	(153,394)	$	(249)	$	839,882	$	(277)	$	839,605
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.05 per share)	—		—		(1,202)		—		—		(1,202)		—		(1,202)
Repurchases of common stock	(7)		7		(52,377)		—		(4,633)		(57,010)		—		(57,010)
Stock compensation	—		1,612		—		—		—		1,612		—		1,612
Total other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(37,523)		—		(37,523)		—		(37,523)
Net income	—		—		31,427		—		—		31,427		199		31,626
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(678)		(678)
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	241	$	640,422	$	332,322	$	(190,917)	$	(4,882)	$	777,186	$	(756)	$	776,430
Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	262	$	628,500	$	278,655	$	(255,443)	$	(344)	$	651,630	$	(1,005)	$	650,625
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.05 per share)	—		—		(1,299)		—		—		(1,299)		—		(1,299)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	1		—		—		—		—		1		—		1
Repurchases of common stock	(3)		3		(11,027)		—		(4,891)		(15,918)		—		(15,918)
Stock compensation	—		1,234		—		—		—		1,234		—		1,234
Total other comprehensive income	—		—		—		67,010		—		67,010		—		67,010
Joint venture membership interest divestiture	—		—		(523)		—		—		(523)		—		(523)
Net income	—		—		27,657		—		—		27,657		257		27,914
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		238		238
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	260	$	629,737	$	293,463	$	(188,433)	$	(5,235)	$	729,792	$	(510)	$	729,282

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Pathward Financial, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2024 (As Restated)	$	241	$	640,422	$	313,446	$	(190,917)	$	(4,882)	$	758,310	$	(756)	$	757,554
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.05 per share)	—		—		(1,190)		—		—		(1,190)		—		(1,190)

Repurchases of common stock	(6)		6		(45,438)		—		—		(45,438)		—		(45,438)

Stock compensation	—		3,460		—		—		—		3,460		—		3,460
Total other comprehensive income	—		—		—		24,606		—		24,606		—		24,606

Net income	—		—		74,957		—		—		74,957		237		75,194
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(139)		(139)
Balance, March 31, 2025	$	235	$	643,888	$	341,775	$	(166,311)	$	(4,882)	$	814,705	$	(658)	$	814,047

Balance, December 31, 2023 (As Restated)	$	260	$	629,737	$	268,427	$	(188,433)	$	(5,235)	$	704,756	$	(510)	$	704,246
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.05 per share)	—		—		(1,267)		—		—		(1,267)		—		(1,267)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	2		—		—		—		—		2		—		2
Repurchases of common stock	(8)		8		(39,500)		—		(946)		(40,446)		—		(40,446)

Stock compensation	—		4,670		—		—		—		4,670		—		4,670
Total other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(18,137)		—		(18,137)		—		(18,137)

Net income (Restated)	—		—		69,918		—		—		69,918		249		70,167
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(159)		(159)
Balance, March 31, 2024 (As Restated)	$	254	$	634,415	$	297,578	$	(206,570)	$	(6,181)	$	719,496	$	(420)	$	719,076

	Six Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Pathward Financial, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, September 30, 2024 (As Restated)	$	248	$	638,803	$	337,058	$	(153,394)	$	(249)	$	822,466	$	(277)	$	822,189
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.10 per share)	—		—		(2,392)		—		—		(2,392)		—		(2,392)

Repurchases of common stock	(13)		13		(97,814)		—		(4,633)		(102,447)		—		(102,447)

Stock compensation	—		5,072		—		—		—		5,072		—		5,072
Total other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(12,917)		—		(12,917)		—		(12,917)

Net income	—		—		104,923		—		—		104,923		436		105,359
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(817)		(817)
Balance, March 31, 2025	$	235	$	643,888	$	341,775	$	(166,311)	$	(4,882)	$	814,705	$	(658)	$	814,047

Balance, September 30, 2023 (As Restated)	$	262	$	628,500	$	246,377	$	(255,443)	$	(344)	$	619,352	$	(1,005)	$	618,347
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.10 per share)	—		—		(2,566)		—		—		(2,566)		—		(2,566)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	3		—		—		—		—		3		—		3
Repurchases of common stock	(11)		11		(50,527)		—		(5,837)		(56,364)		—		(56,364)

Stock compensation	—		5,904		—		—		—		5,904		—		5,904
Total other comprehensive income	—		—		—		48,873		—		48,873		—		48,873
Joint venture membership interest divestiture	—		—		(523)		—		—		(523)		—		(523)
Net income (Restated)	—		—		104,817		—		—		104,817		506		105,323
Net distribution to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		79		79
Balance, March 31, 2024 (As Restated)	$	254	$	634,415	$	297,578	$	(206,570)	$	(6,181)	$	719,496	$	(420)	$	719,076

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024
Cash flows from operating activities:			(As Restated)
Net income before noncontrolling interest	$	31105,~~626~~359	$	27105,~~914~~323
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1430,~~918~~330		1429,~~689~~457
Provision for credit loss	1253,~~032~~927		937,~~890~~502
Provision for deferred taxes	211,~~157~~919		18,~~162~~058
Originations of loans held for sale	(~~853~~1,~~109~~377,073)		(~~631~~933,~~905~~786)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	~~618~~1,~~432~~146,702		~~626~~968,~~336~~998
Net change in loans held for sale	~~264~~266,~~136~~707		1317,~~829~~924
Net realized (gain) loss on loans held for sale	(4,378)		31
Net realized loss (gain) on securities available for sale	22,899		—
Net realized loss on securities available for sale	15,671		—
Net realized (gain) loss on loans held for sale	(19,755)		(1,370)
Net realized (gain) on divestitures	(16,404)		—
Net realized (gain) loss on divestitures	(15,044)		—
Net realized (gain) on other	(~~987~~1,614)		(23,~~871~~165)
Net change in accrued interest receivable	(3,894)		(3,798)
Impairment on rental equipment	1,514		2,013
Net change in other assets	(30,339)		(14,344)
Net change in accrued interest receivable	(5,696)		(7,012)
Net change in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(128,088)		(19,723)
Net change in other assets	(15,137)		(14,007)
Stock compensation	1,612		1,234
Net change in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(93,517)		16,671
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(76,615)		22,444
Stock compensation	5,072		5,904
Net cash provided by operating activities	116,593		232,510
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities available for sale	(12,~~168~~280)		—
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	~~160~~217,~~135~~883		—
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on securities available for sale	3977,~~727~~087		4189,~~936~~476
Proceeds from maturities of and principal collected on securities held to maturity	1,~~038~~668		1,~~093~~811
Purchases of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	(90138,~~725~~834)		(91183,~~130~~010)
Redemption of Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank stock	~~102~~150,~~285~~572		95185,~~647~~377
Purchases of loans and leases	(~~139~~166,~~359~~651)		(89163,~~390~~091)
Net change in loans and leases	(~~325~~302,~~766~~546)		98238,~~895~~799
Purchases of premises, furniture, and equipment	(25,~~087~~668)		(13,~~885~~592)
Purchases of rental equipment	(5287,~~790~~111)		(~~106~~173,~~160~~005)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	58,~~591~~308		34,~~373~~951
Net change in rental equipment	~~118~~368		~~(79)~~188
Proceeds from divestitures, net of transaction costs	~~600~~608,~~232~~455		—
Proceeds from sale of other assets	~~408~~407		4,~~077~~091
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	297,639		(43,623)
Proceeds from loans held for sale previously classified as portfolio loans	146,158		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	507,816		1,995
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits	~~655~~(43,~~942~~802)		~~346~~(220,~~873~~838)
Net change in short-term borrowings	(377,000)		~~(13~~18,000)
Principal payments on other liabilities	—		(~~284~~550)
Dividends paid on common stock	(12,~~202~~392)		(12,~~299~~566)
Issuance of common stock due to restricted stock	—		13
Repurchases of common stock	(57102,~~010~~447)		(1556,~~918~~364)
Investment by (distributions to) noncontrolling interest	(~~678~~817)		~~238~~79
Net cash provided by financing activities	220,052		316,611
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(526,458)		(262,236)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(2,017)		618
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	439,059		296,050
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year	158,337		375,580
Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal period	$	597,396	$	671,630

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	Three Months Ended December 31,
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(2,039)		39
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	95,912		(27,692)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year	158,337		375,580
Cash paid during the period for:
Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal period	$	254,249	$	347,888
Interest	$	2,906	$	4,168
Income taxes	1,407		641
Franchise and other taxes	76		66
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:
Transfers
Held for sale to loans and leases	2,500		—
Loans and leases to rental equipment	1,604		1,430
Rental equipment to loan and leases	36,263		76,941
Recognition of operating lease ROU assets, net of measurements	—		654
Joint venture membership interest divestiture	—		523


	Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information			(As Restated)
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	9,220	$	12,608
Income taxes	9,730		9,694
Franchise and other taxes	401		398
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing activities:




Transfers

Held for sale to loans and leases	$	22,686	$	—
Loans and leases to held for sale	130,011		—
Loans and leases to rental equipment	2,588		2,538

Rental equipment to loan and leases	60,398		143,752



Recognition of operating lease ROU assets, net of measurements	—		654
Joint venture membership interest divestiture	—		524

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PATHWARD FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The interim unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 included in Pathward Financial, Inc.’s ("Pathward Financial" or the “Company") Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“"SEC”") on ~~November~~August 2629, ~~2024~~2025 (the "Form 10-K/A"). Accordingly, footnote disclosures which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted.

The financial information of the Company included herein has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and has been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Such information reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025.

Certain prior fiscal year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year financial statement presentation. These reclassifications did not impact previously reported net income, comprehensive income or the statement of financial condition. Additionally, the Company began using "Secondary Market Revenue" on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the interim period ending March 31, 2025 versus the previous caption of "Gain (Loss) on Sale of Loans and Leases". This line item exclusively comprises gains or losses realized from the sale of loans and leases, including any adjustments to record loans held for sale at the lower of amortized cost basis or fair value in accordance with ASC 860-20-50-5. There were no reclassifications of fiscal year amounts or prior period amounts as a result of this change in financial statement caption description.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES ("ASU")

Significant accounting policies in effect and disclosed within the Company’s most recent audited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 remain substantially unchanged.

The following ASU became effective for the Company on October 1, 2024, and did not have a material impact on the Company’s significant accounting policies or Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU improves reportable segment disclosures primarily by enhancing disclosure requirements about significant segment expenses and additional interim disclosure requirements. The amendments will first be applied to the Company's annual financial statements for the year ending September 30, 2025 using a retrospective transition method. This ASU impacts disclosure only, and therefore does not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

The following ASUs have been issued and are considered applicable to the Company but have not yet been adopted.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (ASC 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires enhanced income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information to provide further transparency surrounding the Company’s income tax position. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for the Company beginning on October 1, 2025. This ASU impacts annual income tax disclosures only. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of such amendments to our Income Tax disclosures.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures. This ASU requires entities to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses within relevant expense captions in both annual and interim financial reporting. If costs and expenses do not fall within one of the disaggregated captions, qualitative description is required. The amendments in this ASU will be effective for the Company beginning October 1, 2027. This ASU impacts disclosure only, and therefore will not impact our ~~consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on required annual and interim disclosures.~~

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consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on required annual and interim disclosures.

NOTE 3. DIVESTITURES

On October 31, 2024, the Company completed the sale of substantially all of the assets and liabilities related to the Bank's commercial insurance premium finance business, a component of the Company's Commercial segment, pursuant to the Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") dated August 28, 2024 with Honor Capital Corporation, a Florida corporation (the "Purchaser"), the successor by assignment to AFS IBEX Financial Services, LLC, and Honor Capital Holdings, LLC as guarantor. The purchase price at closing was based on the net asset value of the assets purchased and liabilities assumed pursuant to the Purchase Agreement plus a $31.2 million premium. The Company has summarized the results of the transaction as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2024		SettlementAdjustments		March 31, 2025
Assets Purchased and Liabilities Assumed
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,686	$	—	$	4,686
Loans	594,541		(1,360)		593,181
Premises, furniture, and equipment, net	484		—		484
Total assets purchased	$	599,711	$	(1,360)	$	598,351
Deposits	$	16,760	$	—	$	16,760
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,158		120		1,278
Total liabilities assumed	$	17,918	$	120	$	18,038
Net assets purchased	$	581,793	$	(1,480)	$	580,313
Consideration paid at close	603,290		8,223		611,513
Consideration due	9,703		(9,703)		—
Total purchase price	612,993
Purchase price	612,993		(1,480)		611,513
Premium on transaction	31,200		—		31,200
Other adjustments:
Goodwill derecognition	(11,577)		—		(11,577)
Intangible derecognition	(631)		—		(631)
Building lease derecognition	471		—		471
Transaction costs	(3,059)
Deferred loan origination cost derecognition	—		(1,360)		(1,360)
Total other adjustments	(14,796)
Transaction costs	(3,059)		—		(3,059)
Gain on divestitures	$	16,404
Total other adjustments	(14,796)		(1,360)		(16,156)
Gain on divestitures	$	16,404	$	(1,360)	$	15,044

~~The~~After final settlement adjustments, the sale resulted in aan overall gain of $1615.40 million before tax that was recognized within noninterest income on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The settlement adjustments during the three months ended March 31, 2025 resulted in a $1.4 million decrease of the previously recognized gain as of December 31, 2024 as a result of certain deferred loan origination costs that were excluded from the final settlement. See Note 8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Note 9. Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets and Liabilities to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the amounts included in the divestiture.

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NOTE 4. SECURITIES

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values of debt securities available for sale ("AFS") and held to maturity ("HTM") are presented below.

(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		FairValue
Debt Securities AFS
At December 31, 2024
March 31, 2025
Corporate securities	$	25,000	$	—	$	(43,~~000~~875)	$	21,~~000~~125
SBA securities	3413,~~501~~122		—		(31,~~972~~208)		3011,~~529~~914
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	200		—		—		200
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	~~235~~223,~~137~~512		2426		(3431,~~436~~536)		~~200~~192,~~725~~002
Asset-backed securities	~~184~~159,~~645~~206		~~322~~358		(42,~~037~~303)		~~180~~157,~~930~~261
Mortgage-backed securities	1,~~250~~207,~~352~~481		—13		(~~203~~178,~~646~~476)		1,~~046~~029,~~706~~018
Total debt securities AFS	$	1,~~729~~628,~~835~~521	$	~~346~~397	$	(~~250~~217,~~091~~398)	$	1,~~480~~411,~~090~~520
At September 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
Corporate securities	$	25,000	$	—	$	(5,250)	$	19,750
SBA securities	86,036		—		(4,101)		81,935
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	501		—		(21)		480
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	246,233		44		(28,287)		217,990
Asset-backed securities	192,979		337		(3,618)		189,698
Mortgage-backed securities	1,393,549		84		(162,265)		1,231,368
Total debt securities AFS	$	1,944,298	$	465	$	(203,542)	$	1,741,221
Debt Securities HTM
At December 31, 2024
March 31, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	29,~~992~~350	$	—	$	(4,~~297~~613)	$	2524,~~695~~737
Mortgage-backed securities	21,~~009~~985		—		(~~273~~230)		1,~~736~~755
Total debt securities HTM	$	3231,~~001~~335	$	—	$	(4,~~570~~843)	$	2726,~~431~~492
At September 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	31,060	$	—	$	(2,668)	$	28,392
Mortgage-backed securities	2,032		—		(188)		1,844
Total debt securities HTM	$	33,092	$	—	$	(2,856)	$	30,236

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Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows:

	LESS THAN 12 MONTHS				OVER 12 MONTHS				TOTAL
(Dollars in thousands)	FairValue		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		FairValue		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		FairValue		Gross Unrealized (Losses)
Debt Securities AFS
At December 31, 2024
March 31, 2025
Corporate securities	$	—	$	—	$	21,~~000~~125	$	(43,~~000~~875)	$	21,~~000~~125	$	(43,~~000~~875)
SBA securities	—		—		3011,~~528~~914		(31,~~972~~208)		3011,~~528~~914		(31,~~972~~208)
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		~~198~~190,~~747~~046		(3431,~~436~~536)		~~198~~190,~~747~~046		(3431,~~436~~536)
Asset-backed securities	4836,~~261~~156		(~~280~~313)		8463,~~879~~930		(31,~~757~~990)		~~133~~100,~~140~~086		(42,~~037~~303)
Mortgage-backed securities	1514,~~390~~473		(~~249~~123)		1,~~031~~013,~~316~~605		(~~203~~178,~~397~~353)		1,~~046~~028,~~706~~078		(~~203~~178,~~646~~476)
Total debt securities AFS	$	6350,~~651~~629	$	(~~529~~436)	$	1,~~366~~300,~~470~~620	$	(~~249~~216,~~562~~962)	$	1,~~430~~351,~~121~~249	$	(~~250~~217,~~091~~398)
At September 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
Corporate securities	$	—	$	—	$	19,750	$	(5,250)	$	19,750	$	(5,250)
SBA securities	—		—		81,935		(4,101)		81,935		(4,101)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		—		280		(21)		280		(21)
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	—		—		215,956		(28,287)		215,956		(28,287)
Asset-backed securities	52,101		(176)		88,576		(3,442)		140,677		(3,618)
Mortgage-backed securities	2,377		(15)		1,215,781		(162,250)		1,218,158		(162,265)
Total debt securities AFS	$	54,478	$	(191)	$	1,622,278	$	(203,351)	$	1,676,756	$	(203,542)
Debt Securities HTM
At December 31, 2024
March 31, 2025
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	—	$	2524,~~695~~737	$	(4,~~297~~613)	$	2524,~~695~~737	$	(4,~~297~~613)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		1,~~736~~755		(~~273~~230)		1,~~736~~755		(~~273~~230)
Total debt securities HTM	$	—	$	—	$	2726,~~431~~492	$	(4,~~570~~843)	$	2726,~~431~~492	$	(4,~~570~~843)
At September 30, 2024
September 30, 2024
Non-bank qualified obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	—	$	—	$	28,392	$	(2,668)	$	28,392	$	(2,668)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—		1,844		(188)		1,844		(188)
Total debt securities HTM	$	—	$	—	$	30,236	$	(2,856)	$	30,236	$	(2,856)

The decrease in the fair value of investment securities balances when comparing ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 to September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by the sale of $~~160~~217.19 million debt securities AFS and principal pay downs during the ~~three~~six months. The sale of debt securities AFS in the ~~current~~first ~~period~~quarter of fiscal 2025 stemmed from the ~~close~~decision to offset the gain on the sale of the commercial insurance premium finance business. The sale ~~and~~of ~~associated~~debt securities AFS in the second quarter of fiscal 2025 stemmed from the decision to offset the gain ~~that~~on ~~was~~the ~~recognized~~sale of the transportation portfolio within working capital. Individual securities were identified for sale upon close of the ~~transaction~~transactions in order to reposition the debt securities AFS portfolio. At ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, there were ~~163~~152 debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position. Management assessed each investment security with unrealized losses for credit loss by evaluating qualitative factors, including materiality of loss position as a percentage of book value, credit ratings, outstanding principal and interest payments, and changes in the underlying implicit or explicit guarantee of the security, and determined all unrealized losses on these securities were due to adverse market conditions and/or change in interest rates versus credit loss. As part of that assessment, management evaluated and concluded that it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not be required and does not intend to sell any of the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. At ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, there was no allowance for credit losses ("ACL") for debt securities AFS.

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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Certain securities have call features which allow the issuer to call the security prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities in MBS because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, MBS are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary. The expected maturities of certain SBA securities may differ from contractual maturities because the borrowers may have the right to prepay the obligation. However, certain prepayment penalties may apply.

(Dollars in thousands)	AtMarch ~~December~~ 31, ~~2024~~2025				At September 30, 2024
Debt Securities AFS	Amortized Cost		FairValue		Amortized Cost		FairValue
Due in one year or less	$	~~200~~380	$	~~199~~382	$	1,826	$	1,796
Due after one year through five years	61,~~592~~750		61,~~372~~773		14,772		14,211
Due after five years through ten years	4540,~~866~~206		3936,~~595~~413		70,894		63,636
Due after ten years	~~426~~378,~~825~~704		~~387~~343,~~218~~934		463,257		430,210
	479,483		433,384		550,749		509,853
	421,040		382,502		550,749		509,853
Mortgage-backed securities	1,~~250~~207,~~352~~481		1,~~046~~029,~~706~~018		1,393,549		1,231,368
Total debt securities AFS	$	1,~~729~~628,~~835~~521	$	1,~~480~~411,~~090~~520	$	1,944,298	$	1,741,221
Debt Securities HTM
Due after ten years	$	29,~~992~~350	$	2524,~~695~~737	$	31,060	$	28,392
	29,992		25,695		31,060		28,392
	29,350		24,737		31,060		28,392
Mortgage-backed securities	21,~~009~~985		1,~~736~~755		2,032		1,844
Total debt securities HTM	$	3231,~~001~~335	$	2726,~~431~~492	$	33,092	$	30,236

Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") Stock. The Bank is required by federal law to subscribe to capital stock (divided into shares of $100 each) as a member of the FRB of Minneapolis with an amount equal to six per centum of the paid-up capital stock and surplus. One-half of the subscription is paid at time of application, and one-half is subject to call of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. FRB of Minneapolis stock held by the Bank totaled $19.7 million at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and September 30, 2024. These equity securities are 'restricted' in that they can only be owned by member banks.

Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock. The Company's borrowings from the FHLB are secured by specific investment securities. Such advances can be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities.

The investments in the FHLB stock are required investments related to the Company's membership in and current borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines. The investments in the FHLB of Des Moines could be adversely impacted by the financial operations of the FHLB and actions of their regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

The FHLB stock is carried at cost since it is generally redeemable at par value. The carrying value of the stock held at the FHLB was $4.86 million and $16.3 million at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and at September 30, 2024, respectively.

These equity securities are ‘restricted’ in that they can only be sold back to the respective institution from which they were acquired or another member institution at par. Therefore, FRB and FHLB stocks are less liquid than other marketable equity securities, and the cost approximates fair value.

Equity Securities. The Company held $3.6 million and $3.3 million in marketable equity securities within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. The Company recognized $0.1 million unrealized losses and ~~$0.1 million~~no unrealized gains on marketable equity securities during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively. No such securities were sold during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025.

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Non-marketable equity securities with a readily determinable fair value totaled $1112.98 million and $11.8 million at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. These securities are held within other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company recognized $0.38 million and $0.4 million in unrealized gains during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively. No such securities were sold during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Non-marketable equity securities without readily determinable fair value totaled $14.17 million and $13.6 million at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, reflecting Company ownership interests in other entities through its Pathward Venture Capital, LLC, a wholly-owned service corporation subsidiary of the Bank that was formed in 2017 for the purpose of making minority equity investments and other corporate investments. During the six ~~quarter~~months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company recognized a $0.4 million gain on Visa shares, which iswere ~~included~~carried inat a cost basis of $0. This gain was recognized within the gain on sale of other on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations~~, carried at a cost basis of $0~~. There ~~was~~were no additional such ~~security~~securities sold during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Equity Securities Impairment. The Company evaluates impairment for investments held at cost on at least an annual basis based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. All other equity investments, including those under the equity method, are reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis. The Company recognized no impairment for such investments for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024.

NOTE 5. LOANS AND LEASES, NET

Loans and leases consist of the following:

(Dollars in thousands)	~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025		September 30, 2024
Term lending	$	1,~~735~~766,~~539~~432	$	1,554,641
Asset-based lending	~~608~~542,~~261~~483		471,897
Factoring	~~364~~224,~~477~~520		362,295
Lease financing	~~138~~134,~~305~~856		152,174
SBA/USDA	~~595~~701,~~965~~736		568,628
Other commercial finance	~~174~~154,~~097~~728		185,964
Commercial finance	3,~~616~~524,~~644~~755		3,295,599
Consumer finance	~~280~~246,~~001~~202		248,800
Tax services	4555,~~051~~973		8,825
Warehouse finance	~~624~~643,~~251~~124		517,847
Total loans and leases	4,~~565~~470,~~947~~054		4,071,071
Net deferred loan origination costs (fees)	(35,~~266~~184)		4,124
Total gross loans and leases	4,~~562~~464,~~681~~870		4,075,195
Allowance for credit losses	(48102,~~977~~890)		(4571,~~336~~765)
Total loans and leases, net	$	4,~~513~~361,~~704~~980	$	4,~~029~~003,~~859~~430

During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, the Company originated $~~853.~~1.38 ~~million~~billion and $~~631~~933.98 million of commercial finance and consumer finance as held for sale, respectively.

The Company sold held for sale loans resulting in proceeds of $~~618~~1.415 ~~million~~billion and a $419.48 million gain on sale during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025. The Company sold held for sale loans resulting in proceeds of $~~626~~969.30 million and a ~~nominal~~$1.4 million gain on sale during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2023~~2024. Gains and losses from the sale of loans and leases are included in secondary market revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

See Note 3. Divestitures to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the sale of the Company's commercial insurance premium finance business.

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Loans purchased and sold by portfolio segment, including participation interests, were as follows:

			Three Months Ended December 31,
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024
Loans Purchased
Loans held for investment:
Commercial finance	$	—	$	—	$	19,540	$	—
Warehouse finance	27,292		73,701		~~119~~147,~~819~~111		89163,~~390~~091
Total purchases	$	27,292	$	73,701	$	~~139~~166,~~359~~651	$	89163,~~390~~091
Loans Sold
Loans held for sale:
Commercial finance	$	182,667	$	21,173	$	65248,~~802~~469	$	325,~~872~~045
Consumer finance	491,761		321,489		~~552~~1,~~630~~044,391		~~622~~943,~~464~~953
Total sales	$	674,428	$	342,662	$	~~618~~1,~~432~~292,860	$	~~626~~968,~~336~~998

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2024		September 30, 2024
Minimum lease payments receivable	$	147,969	$	162,757
Unguaranteed residual assets	8,097		9,300
Unamortized initial direct costs	129		102
Unearned income	(17,726)		(19,883)
Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases	$	138,469	$	152,276

Leasing Portfolio. The net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases was comprised of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2025		September 30, 2024
Minimum lease payments receivable	$	145,382	$	162,757
Unguaranteed residual assets	7,621		9,300
Unamortized initial direct costs	82		102
Unearned income	(18,145)		(19,883)
Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases	$	134,940	$	152,276

The components of total lease income were as follows:

			Three Months Ended December 31,
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024
Interest income - loans and leases
Interest income on net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases	$	2,800	$	2,853	$	35,~~187~~987	$	35,~~108~~961
Leasing and equipment finance noninterest income
Lease income from operating lease payments	12,930		13,605		1326,~~448~~379		1326,~~255~~860
Other(1)	1,139		869		12,~~307~~446		~~724~~1,593
Total leasing and equipment finance noninterest income	14,069		14,474		1428,~~755~~825		1328,~~979~~453
Total lease income	$	16,869	$	17,327	$	1734,~~942~~812	$	1734,~~087~~414
(1) Other leasing and equipment finance noninterest income consists of gains (losses) on sales of leased equipment, fees and service charges on leases and gains (losses) on sales of leases.

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Undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases, and a reconciliation to the carrying amount recorded at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2025	$	4329,~~987~~353
2026	4245,~~905~~692
2027	2831,~~342~~293
2028	1619,~~599~~336
2029	1012,~~401~~939
Thereafter	56,~~735~~769
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments receivable for direct financing and sales-type leases	~~147~~145,~~969~~382
Third-party residual value guarantees	—
Total carrying amount of direct financing and sales-type leases	$	147,969
Total carrying amount of minimum lease payments for direct financing and sales-type leases	$	145,382

The Company did not record any contingent rental income from direct financing and sales-type leases in the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025.

A number of factors that ~~affected~~began to affect the economic environment in 2023 have continued ~~throughout~~into ~~2024~~2025, including ~~geopolitical~~economic ~~conflict~~uncertainty, ~~supply chain disruptions,~~ inflation, ~~and~~ increased interest rates, with the Federal Reserve beginning to lower the target federal funds rate at the end of 2024, and geopolitical conflict. ~~The~~Since ~~2023~~early ~~bank~~2025, ~~failures~~global ~~that~~markets ~~were~~and ~~brought~~the onU.S. ~~by,~~economy ~~among~~have ~~other~~also ~~things,~~experienced ~~rising~~disruption ~~interest~~and ~~rates,~~volatility ~~deposit~~resulting ~~outflows~~from tariffs and ~~liquidity~~other ~~crises~~policies ~~also~~of ~~continued~~the toU.S. ~~impact~~administration, which may continue during the ~~banking~~remainder ~~industry~~of 2025. Management continues to evaluate the loan and lease portfolio in order to assess the impact on repayment sources and underlying collateral that could result in additional losses and the impact to our customers and businesses as a result of these factors impacting the economy and will refine its estimate as developments occur and more information becomes available.

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Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment was as follows:

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision (Reversal)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	3029,~~394~~925	$	71,~~289~~384	$	(86,~~375~~208)	$	~~617~~1,118	$	2926,~~925~~219
Asset-based lending	1,~~356~~762		~~406~~440		—(172)		—		12,~~762~~030
Factoring	5,~~757~~765		(~~170~~767)		(7496)		~~252~~32		54,~~765~~934
Lease financing	~~1,189~~881		~~(247)~~1,374		(631,019)		27		~~881~~1,243
Insurance premium finance	—		91		(93)		2		—
SBA/USDA	3,807		775		(609)		48		4,021
SBA/USDA	3,273		831		(297)		—		3,807
Other commercial finance	421		(37)		—		—		384
Other commercial finance	607		(186)		—		—		421
Commercial finance	42,561		3,169		(8,104)		1,205		38,831
Commercial finance	42,576		8,014		(8,902)		873		42,561
Consumer finance	30,361		5,563		(6,897)		608		29,635
Consumer finance	2,240		2,792		(33)		2		5,001
Tax services	790		26,178		—		6,813		33,781
Tax services	2		1,301		(741)		228		790
Warehouse finance	625		18		—		—		643
Warehouse finance	518		107		—		—		625
Total loans and leases	74,337		34,928		(15,001)		8,626		102,890
Total loans and leases	45,336		12,214		(9,676)		1,103		48,977
Unfunded commitments(1)	513		338		—		—		851
Unfunded commitments(1)	695		(182)		—		—		513
Total	$	74,850	$	35,266	$	(15,001)	$	8,626	$	103,741
Total	$	46,031	$	12,032	$	(9,676)	$	1,103	$	49,490
	(As Restated)
	Beginning Balance		Provision (Reversal)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	27,013	$	6,303	$	(5,176)	$	487	$	28,627
Asset-based lending	1,370		(254)		—		99		1,215
Factoring	7,433		(623)		(12)		16		6,814
Lease financing	4,008		(2,547)		28		62		1,551
Insurance premium finance	2,123		(532)		(295)		113		1,409
SBA/USDA	3,289		(347)		—		—		2,942
Other commercial finance	3,312		(1,592)		—		—		1,720
Commercial finance	48,548		408		(5,455)		777		44,278
Consumer finance	41,635		3,923		(10,823)		346		35,081
Tax services	507		25,221		—		5,800		31,528
Warehouse finance	350		45		—		—		395
Total loans and leases	91,040		29,597		(16,278)		6,923		111,282
Unfunded commitments(1)	596		147		—		—		743
Total	$	91,636	$	29,744	$	(16,278)	$	6,923	$	112,025
(1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

	Three Months Ended December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision (Reversal)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	25,686	$	5,822	$	(5,121)	$	626	$	27,013
Asset-based lending	2,738		(1,510)		—		142		1,370
Factoring	6,566		751		(23)		139		7,433
Lease financing	3,302		766		(153)		93		4,008
Insurance premium finance	2,637		(239)		(365)		90		2,123
SBA/USDA	2,962		327		—		—		3,289
Other commercial finance	3,089		223		—		—		3,312
Commercial finance	46,980		6,140		(5,662)		1,090		48,548
Consumer finance	2,346		2,097		(63)		—		4,380
Tax services	2		1,356		(1,145)		294		507
Warehouse finance	377		(27)		—		—		350
Total loans and leases	49,705		9,566		(6,870)		1,384		53,785
Unfunded commitments(1)	272		324		—		—		596
Total	$	49,977	$	9,890	$	(6,870)	$	1,384	$	54,381
(1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision (Reversal)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Six Months Ended March 31, 2025
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	30,394	$	8,673	$	(14,583)	$	1,735	$	26,219
Asset-based lending	1,356		846		(172)		—		2,030
Factoring	5,757		(937)		(170)		284		4,934
Lease financing	1,189		1,127		(1,082)		9		1,243
Insurance premium finance	—		91		(93)		2		—
SBA/USDA	3,273		1,606		(906)		48		4,021
Other commercial finance	607		(223)		—		—		384
Commercial finance	42,576		11,183		(17,006)		2,078		38,831


Consumer finance	28,669		14,984		(14,981)		963		29,635
Tax services	2		27,479		(741)		7,041		33,781
Warehouse finance	518		125		—		—		643
Total loans and leases	71,765		53,771		(32,728)		10,082		102,890
Unfunded commitments(1)	695		156		—		—		851
Total	$	72,460	$	53,927	$	(32,728)	$	10,082	$	103,741

	(As Restated)
	Beginning Balance		Provision (Reversal)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Term lending	$	25,686	$	12,125	$	(10,297)	$	1,113	$	28,627
Asset-based lending	2,738		(1,764)		—		241		1,215
Factoring	6,566		128		(35)		155		6,814
Lease financing	3,302		(1,781)		(125)		155		1,551
Insurance premium finance	2,637		(771)		(660)		203		1,409
SBA/USDA	2,962		(20)		—		—		2,942
Other commercial finance	3,089		(1,369)		—		—		1,720
Commercial finance	46,980		6,548		(11,117)		1,867		44,278


Consumer finance	49,496		3,888		(18,924)		621		35,081
Tax services	2		26,577		(1,145)		6,094		31,528
Warehouse finance	377		18		—		—		395
Total loans and leases	96,855		37,031		(31,186)		8,582		111,282
Unfunded commitments(1)	272		471		—		—		743
Total	$	97,127	$	37,502	$	(31,186)	$	8,582	$	112,025
(1) Reserve for unfunded commitments is recognized within other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Information on loans and leases that are deemed to be collateral dependent and are evaluated individually for the ACL was as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	At December 31, 2024		At September 30, 2024
Term lending	$	14,034	$	15,491
Lease financing	1,302		5,300
SBA/USDA	680		1,419
Commercial finance(1)	16,016		22,210
Total	$	16,016	$	22,210
(1) For commercial finance, collateral dependent financial assets have collateral in the form of cash, equipment, or other business assets.

~~Management~~Table ~~has identified certain structured finance credits for alternative energy projects in which a substantial cash collateral account has been established to mitigate credit risk. Due to the nature~~ of the transactions and significant cash collateral positions, these credits are evaluated individually. The balance of these pass rated cash collateral loans totaled $116.4 million and $105.1 million at December 31, 2024 and at September 30, 2024, respectively.Contents


(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2025		September 30, 2024
Term lending	$	15,510	$	15,491
Asset-based lending	783		—
Factoring	1,126		—
Lease financing	4,137		5,300

SBA/USDA	2,390		1,419

Commercial finance(1)	23,946		22,210





Total	$	23,946	$	22,210
(1) For commercial finance, collateral dependent financial assets have collateral in the form of cash, equipment, or other business assets.

Management has identified certain structured finance credits for alternative energy projects in which a substantial cash collateral account has been established to mitigate credit risk. Due to the nature of the transactions and significant cash collateral positions, these credits are evaluated individually. The balance of these pass rated cash collateral loans totaled $117.5 million and $105.1 million at March 31, 2025 and at September 30, 2024, respectively.

Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets such as debt and equity securities considered by the Bank's primary regulator, the OCC, to be of lesser quality as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” The loan classification and risk rating definitions are as follows:

Pass - A pass asset is of sufficient quality in terms of repayment, collateral and management to preclude a special mention or an adverse rating.

Watch - A watch asset is generally a credit performing well under current terms and conditions but with identifiable weakness meriting additional scrutiny and corrective measures. Watch is not a regulatory classification but can be used to designate assets that are exhibiting one or more weaknesses that deserve management’s attention. These assets are of better quality than special mention assets.

Special Mention - A special mention asset is a credit with potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention and, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Special mention is a temporary status with aggressive credit management required to garner adequate progress and move to watch or higher.

The adverse classifications are as follows:

Substandard - A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the net worth and/or repayment ability or by a weak collateral position. Assets so classified will have well-defined weaknesses creating a distinct possibility the Bank will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. Loss potential does not have to exist for an asset to be classified as substandard.

Doubtful - A doubtful asset has weaknesses similar to those classified substandard, with the degree of weakness causing the likely loss of some principal in any reasonable collection effort. Due to pending factors, the asset’s classification as loss is not yet appropriate.

Loss - A loss asset is considered uncollectible and of such little value that the asset’s continuance on the Bank’s balance sheet is no longer warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean an asset has no recovery or salvage value leaving room for future collection efforts.

Loans and leases, or portions thereof, are generally charged off when collection of principal becomes doubtful. Typically, this is associated with a delay or shortfall in payments of 120 days or more for consumer credit products and leases, and 90 days or more for commercial finance loans. Action is taken to charge off electronic return originator ("ERO") loans if such loans have not been collected by the end of June and refund advance loans if such loans have not been collected by the end of the calendar year. The Company individually evaluates loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets, which generally means loans and leases identified as modifications or loans and leases on nonaccrual status.

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The Company recognizes that concentrations of credit may naturally occur and may take the form of a large volume of related loans and leases to an individual, a specific industry, or a geographic location. Credit concentration is a direct, indirect, or contingent obligation that has a common bond where the aggregate exposure equals or exceeds a certain percentage of the Company’s Tier 1 Capital plus the allowable Allowance for Credit Losses.

The Company has various portfolios of consumer finance and tax services loans that present unique risks that are statistically managed. Due to the unique risks associated with these portfolios, the Company monitors other credit quality indicators in its evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL on these portfolios, and as such, these loans are not included in the asset classification table below. The outstanding balances of consumer finance loans and tax services loans were $280.0 million and $45.1 million at December 31, 2024, respectively, and $248.8 million and $8.8 million at September 30, 2024, respectively. The amortized cost basis of loans and leases by asset classification and year of origination was as follows:

	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
At December 31, 2024	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending
Pass	$	166,954	$	579,028	$	406,327	$	108,421	$	73,456	$	58,759	$	—	$	1,392,945
Watch	16,193		29,618		35,022		26,480		21,118		12,300		—		140,731
Special mention	1,160		57,525		6,151		8,911		16,720		332		—		90,799
Substandard	8,110		9,337		31,501		22,152		14,933		20,498		—		106,531
Doubtful	—		466		855		1,765		468		979		—		4,533
Total	192,417		675,974		479,856		167,729		126,695		92,868		—		1,735,539
Current period charge-offs	4,385		2,043		1,408		423		85		31		—		8,375
Asset-based lending
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		372,119		372,119
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		213,107		213,107
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		19,510		19,510
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,525		3,525
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		608,261		608,261
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Factoring
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		295,712		295,712
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		63,573		63,573
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,620		1,620
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,553		3,553
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		19		19
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		364,477		364,477
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		74		74
Lease financing
Pass	8,349		41,145		40,805		10,546		7,156		7,854		—		115,855
Watch	—		703		3,046		61		387		1,877		—		6,074
Special mention	—		—		235		253		—		177		—		665
Substandard	—		—		6,489		2,276		5,758		1,185		—		15,708
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total	8,349		41,848		50,575		13,136		13,304		11,093		—		138,305
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		31		32		—		—		63
Insurance premium finance
Current period charge-offs	62		31		—		—		—		—		—		93
SBA/USDA
Pass	10,265		83,724		169,125		175,510		20,514		65,396		—		524,534
Watch	—		6,218		6,813		2,140		631		3,805		—		19,607
Special mention	—		—		—		—		156		361		—		517
Substandard	—		795		16,859		12,031		1,984		19,369		—		51,038
Doubtful	—		—		—		55		55		159		—		269
Total	10,265		90,737		192,797		189,736		23,340		89,090		—		595,965

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Current period charge-offs	—		171		—		—		14		112		—		297
Other commercial finance
Pass	369		71,724		2,180		144		12,234		67,632		—		154,283
Watch	—		—		2,466		—		—		—		—		2,466
Substandard	—		—		493		—		16,855		—		—		17,348
Total	369		71,724		5,139		144		29,089		67,632		—		174,097
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Warehouse finance
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		624,251		624,251
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		624,251		624,251
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans and leases
Pass	185,937		775,621		618,437		294,621		113,360		199,641		1,292,082		3,479,699
Watch	16,193		36,539		47,347		28,681		22,136		17,982		276,680		445,558
Special mention	1,160		57,525		6,386		9,164		16,876		870		21,130		113,111
Substandard	8,110		10,132		55,342		36,459		39,530		41,052		7,078		197,703
Doubtful	—		466		855		1,820		526		1,138		19		4,824
Total	$	211,400	$	880,283	$	728,367	$	370,745	$	192,428	$	260,683	$	1,596,989	$	4,240,895
Current period charge-offs	$	4,447	$	2,245	$	1,408	$	454	$	131	$	143	$	74	$	8,902

	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
At September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Term lending
Pass	$	548,597	$	398,832	$	117,180	$	77,585	$	42,950	$	24,166	$	—	$	1,209,310
Watch	47,765		52,317		34,964		31,025		2,720		2,312		—		171,103
Special mention	44,617		3,106		9,121		14,772		7,238		2		—		78,856
Substandard	9,798		24,187		18,537		11,660		18,894		2,631		—		85,707
Doubtful	4,314		1,465		2,247		758		114		767		—		9,665
Total	655,091		479,907		182,049		135,800		71,916		29,878		—		1,554,641
Current period charge-offs	114		3,102		8,502		3,576		2,184		715		—		18,193
Asset-based lending
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		233,268		233,268
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		221,521		221,521
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		13,187		13,187
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,921		3,921
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		471,897		471,897
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Factoring
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		292,436		292,436
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		62,270		62,270
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		271		271
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		7,306		7,306
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		12		12
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		362,295		362,295
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,453		2,453
Lease financing
Pass	44,883		48,851		12,862		7,101		7,938		1,733		—		123,368
Watch	1,837		3,537		370		6,264		1,362		40		—		13,410
Special mention	—		250		—		—		174		—		—		424
Substandard	—		6,691		2,723		2,717		2,069		603		—		14,803
Doubtful	—		—		—		138		31		—		—		169
Total	46,720		59,329		15,955		16,220		11,574		2,376		—		152,174
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		207		80		—		—		287
Insurance premium finance

The Company has various portfolios of consumer finance and tax services loans that present unique risks that are statistically managed. Due to the unique risks associated with these portfolios, the Company monitors other credit quality indicators in its evaluation of the appropriateness of the ACL on these portfolios, and as such, these loans are not included in the asset classification table below. The outstanding balances of consumer finance loans and tax services loans were $246.2 million and $56.0 million at March 31, 2025, respectively, and $248.8 million and $8.8 million at September 30, 2024, respectively.

The amortized cost basis of loans and leases by asset classification and year of origination was as follows:


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
March 31, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending
Pass	$	367,175	$	492,482	$	320,262	$	117,245	$	63,969	$	47,725	$	—	$	1,408,858
Watch	18,687		30,695		84,454		7,886		17,374		13,247		—		172,343
Special mention	1,100		54,125		5,543		607		16,579		93		—		78,047
Substandard	242		12,821		28,643		24,521		16,044		21,082		—		103,353
Doubtful	—		49		954		948		1,724		156		—		3,831
Total	387,204		590,172		439,856		151,207		115,690		82,303		—		1,766,432
Current period charge-offs	—		7,637		3,998		2,032		656		260		—		14,583
Asset-based lending
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		294,029		294,029
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		221,559		221,559
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		13,046		13,046
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		13,777		13,777
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		72		72
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		542,483		542,483
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		172		172
Factoring
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		173,851		173,851
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		46,897		46,897
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,061		1,061
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,292		2,292
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		419		419
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		224,520		224,520
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		170		170
Lease financing
Pass	16,997		35,768		38,520		7,522		3,118		6,254		—		108,179
Watch	1,457		3,148		2,979		1,475		1,974		1,783		—		12,816
Special mention	—		—		220		—		325		—		—		545
Substandard	—		—		6,116		1,839		4,260		1,060		—		13,275
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		2		39		—		41
Total	18,454		38,916		47,835		10,836		9,679		9,136		—		134,856
Current period charge-offs	—		—		16		—		1,005		61		—		1,082
Insurance premium finance






Current period charge-offs	—		62		31		—		—		—		—		93
SBA/USDA
Pass	100,469		102,236		172,239		161,572		18,827		48,008		—		603,351
Watch	903		6,218		118		9,791		1,000		12,955		—		30,985
Special mention	—		—		—		2,548		482		1,787		—		4,817

Table of Contents

Current period charge-offs	86		890		173		—		—		—		—		1,149
Substandard	70		2,291		18,115		14,042		2,875		24,546		—		61,939
SBA/USDA
Doubtful	—		—		376		55		55		158		—		644
Pass	60,636		171,136		179,490		20,825		28,588		39,319		—		499,994
Total	101,442		110,745		190,848		188,008		23,239		87,454		—		701,736
Watch	5,244		6,967		—		639		10		3,026		—		15,886
Current period charge-offs	—		—		171		—		—		735		—		906
Special mention	—		—		—		156		—		363		—		519
Substandard	1,037		15,923		12,158		2,003		9,519		11,134		—		51,774
Doubtful	—		185		55		55		62		98		—		455
Total	66,917		194,211		191,703		23,678		38,179		53,940		—		568,628
Current period charge-offs	—		549		79		—		127		—		—		755
Other commercial finance
Pass	~~73,330~~625		262,~~210~~895		62,~~685~~150		~~12,351~~127		112,~~274~~181		7066,~~203~~083		—		~~166~~144,~~053~~061
Watch	—		~~2,480~~—		—2,447		—		—		—		—		2,~~480~~447
Substandard	—		~~508~~—		—479		~~16,923~~—		—7,741		—		—		178,~~431~~220
Total	~~73,330~~625		562,~~198~~895		65,~~685~~076		~~29,274~~127		119,~~274~~922		7066,~~203~~083		—		~~185~~154,~~964~~728
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Warehouse finance
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		~~517~~643,~~847~~124		~~517~~643,~~847~~124
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		~~517~~643,~~847~~124		~~517~~643,~~847~~124
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans and leases
Pass	~~727~~485,~~446~~266		~~621~~693,~~029~~381		~~316~~533,~~217~~171		~~117~~286,~~862~~466		8098,~~750~~095		~~135~~168,~~421~~070		1,~~043~~111,~~551~~004		3,~~042~~375,~~276~~453
Watch	5421,~~846~~047		6540,~~301~~061		3589,~~334~~998		3719,~~928~~152		420,~~092~~348		527,~~378~~985		~~283~~268,~~791~~456		~~486~~487,~~670~~047
Special mention	441,~~617~~100		354,~~356~~125		95,~~121~~763		143,~~928~~155		717,~~412~~386		~~365~~1,880		1314,~~458~~107		9397,~~257~~516
Substandard	~~10,835~~312		4715,~~309~~112		3353,~~418~~353		3340,~~303~~402		30,~~482~~920		1446,~~368~~688		1116,~~227~~069		~~180~~202,~~942~~856
Doubtful	~~4,314~~—		~~1,650~~49		21,~~302~~330		~~951~~1,003		~~207~~1,781		~~865~~353		12491		105,~~301~~007
Total	$	~~842~~507,~~058~~725	$	~~738~~802,~~645~~728	$	~~396~~683,~~392~~615	$	~~204~~350,~~972~~178	$	~~122~~168,~~943~~530	$	~~156~~244,~~397~~976	$	1,~~352~~410,~~039~~127	$	34,~~813~~167,~~446~~879
Current period charge-offs	$	~~200~~—	$	47,~~541~~699	$	84,~~754~~216	$	32,~~783~~032	$	21,~~391~~661	$	~~715~~1,056	$	~~2,453~~342	$	2217,~~837~~006

Past due loans and leases were as follows:


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Term lending
Pass	$	548,597	$	398,832	$	117,180	$	77,585	$	42,950	$	24,166	$	—	$	1,209,310
Watch	47,765		52,317		34,964		31,025		2,720		2,312		—		171,103
Special mention	44,617		3,106		9,121		14,772		7,238		2		—		78,856
Substandard	9,798		24,187		18,537		11,660		18,894		2,631		—		85,707
Doubtful	4,314		1,465		2,247		758		114		767		—		9,665
Total	655,091		479,907		182,049		135,800		71,916		29,878		—		1,554,641
Current period charge-offs	114		3,102		8,502		3,576		2,184		715		—		18,193
Asset-based lending
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		233,268		233,268
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		221,521		221,521
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		13,187		13,187
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,921		3,921

Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		471,897		471,897
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Factoring
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		292,436		292,436
Watch	—		—		—		—		—		—		62,270		62,270
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		271		271
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		7,306		7,306
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		12		12
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		362,295		362,295
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,453		2,453
Lease financing
Pass	44,883		48,851		12,862		7,101		7,938		1,733		—		123,368
Watch	1,837		3,537		370		6,264		1,362		40		—		13,410
Special mention	—		250		—		—		174		—		—		424
Substandard	—		6,691		2,723		2,717		2,069		603		—		14,803

	At December 31, 2024
	Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases												Nonperforming Loans and Leases
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans and Leases Receivable		> 89 Days Past Due and Accruing		Nonaccrual Balance		Total
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	72,648	$	72,648	$	—	$	—	$	—
Term lending	19,298		4,901		20,122		44,321		1,691,218		1,735,539		5,010		22,226		27,236
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		608,261		608,261		—		603		603
Factoring	—		—		—		—		364,477		364,477		—		561		561
Lease financing	4,278		3,878		1,440		9,596		128,709		138,305		59		2,038		2,097
SBA/USDA	1,504		187		1,983		3,674		592,291		595,965		486		1,803		2,289
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		—		174,097		174,097		—		—		—
Commercial finance	25,080		8,966		23,545		57,591		3,559,053		3,616,644		5,555		27,231		32,786
Consumer finance	4,502		2,936		2,423		9,861		270,140		280,001		2,423		—		2,423
Tax services	—		—		—		—		45,051		45,051		—		—		—
Warehouse finance	—		—		—		—		624,251		624,251		—		—		—
Total loans and leases held for investment	29,582		11,902		25,968		67,452		4,498,495		4,565,947		7,978		27,231		35,209
Total loans and leases	$	29,582	$	11,902	$	25,968	$	67,452	$	4,571,143	$	4,638,595	$	7,978	$	27,231	$	35,209

Table of Contents

	At September 30, 2024
Doubtful	—		—		—		138		31		—		—		169
	Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases														Nonperforming Loans and Leases
Total	46,720		59,329		15,955		16,220		11,574		2,376		—		152,174
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans and Leases Receivable				> 89 Days Past Due and Accruing		Nonaccrual Balance		Total
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		207		80		—		—		287
Loans held for sale	$	2,266	$	1,361	$	1,050	$	4,677	$	684,193	$	688,870			$	1,050	$	—	$	1,050
Insurance premium finance
Term lending	19,776		5,124		17,694		42,594		1,512,047		1,554,641				1,923		23,462		25,385
Current period charge-offs	86		890		173		—		—		—		—		1,149
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		471,897		471,897				—		—		—
SBA/USDA
Factoring	—		—		—		—		362,295		362,295				—		29		29
Pass	60,636		171,136		179,490		20,825		28,588		39,319		—		499,994
Lease financing	3,605		1,595		109		5,309		146,865		152,174				60		746		806
Watch	5,244		6,967		—		639		10		3,026		—		15,886
SBA/USDA	—		952		2,172		3,124		565,504		568,628				331		2,175		2,506
Special mention	—		—		—		156		—		363		—		519
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		—		185,964		185,964				—		—		—
Substandard	1,037		15,923		12,158		2,003		9,519		11,134		—		51,774
Commercial finance	23,381		7,671		19,975		51,027		3,244,572		3,295,599				2,314		26,412		28,726
Doubtful	—		185		55		55		62		98		—		455
Consumer finance	3,962		3,186		3,053		10,201		238,599		248,800				3,053		—		3,053
Total	66,917		194,211		191,703		23,678		38,179		53,940		—		568,628
Tax services	—		—		8,733		8,733		92		8,825				8,733		—		8,733
Current period charge-offs	—		549		79		—		127		—		—		755
Warehouse finance	—		—		—		—		517,847		517,847				—		—		—
Other commercial finance
Total loans and leases held for investment	27,343		10,857		31,761		69,961		4,001,110		4,071,071				14,100		26,412		40,512
Pass	73,330		2,210		6,685		12,351		1,274		70,203		—		166,053
Total loans and leases	$	29,609	$	12,218	$	32,811	$	74,638	$	4,685,303	$	4,759,941			$	15,150	$	26,412	$	41,562
Watch	—		2,480		—		—		—		—		—		2,480
Substandard	—		508		—		16,923		—		—		—		17,431
Total	73,330		5,198		6,685		29,274		1,274		70,203		—		185,964
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Warehouse finance
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		517,847		517,847
Total	—		—		—		—		—		—		517,847		517,847
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total loans and leases
Pass	727,446		621,029		316,217		117,862		80,750		135,421		1,043,551		3,042,276
Watch	54,846		65,301		35,334		37,928		4,092		5,378		283,791		486,670
Special mention	44,617		3,356		9,121		14,928		7,412		365		13,458		93,257
Substandard	10,835		47,309		33,418		33,303		30,482		14,368		11,227		180,942
Doubtful	4,314		1,650		2,302		951		207		865		12		10,301
Total	$	842,058	$	738,645	$	396,392	$	204,972	$	122,943	$	156,397	$	1,352,039	$	3,813,446
Current period charge-offs	$	200	$	4,541	$	8,754	$	3,783	$	2,391	$	715	$	2,453	$	22,837

Nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination were as follows:

	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total		Nonaccrual with No ACL
At December 31, 2024	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending	$	—	$	5,456	$	6,958	$	4,703	$	1,200	$	3,909	$	—	$	22,226	$	6,552
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		603		603		—
Factoring	—		—		—		—		—		—		561		561		—
Lease financing	—		—		533		—		1,323		182		—		2,038		—
SBA/USDA	—		—		513		90		55		1,145		—		1,803		—
Commercial finance	—		5,456		8,004		4,793		2,578		5,236		1,164		27,231		6,552
Total nonaccrual loans and leases	$	—	$	5,456	$	8,004	$	4,793	$	2,578	$	5,236	$	1,164	$	27,231	$	6,552

	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total		Nonaccrual with No ACL
At September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Term lending	$	9,281	$	3,433	$	5,369	$	1,386	$	625	$	3,368	$	—	$	23,462	$	2,579
Factoring	—		—		—		—		—		—		29		29		—
Lease financing	—		577		11		46		2		110		—		746		—
SBA/USDA	—		738		55		55		742		585		—		2,175		681
Commercial finance	9,281		4,748		5,435		1,487		1,369		4,063		29		26,412		3,260
Total nonaccrual loans and leases	$	9,281	$	4,748	$	5,435	$	1,487	$	1,369	$	4,063	$	29	$	26,412	$	3,260

Table of Contents

Past due loans and leases were as follows:


	Accruing and Nonaccruing Loans and Leases												Nonperforming Loans and Leases
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans and Leases Receivable		> 89 Days Past Due and Accruing		Nonaccrual Balance		Total
March 31, 2025
Loans held for sale	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	45,767	$	45,767	$	—	$	—	$	—

Term lending	23,308		9,380		10,724		43,412		1,723,020		1,766,432		7		23,080		23,087
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		542,483		542,483		—		719		719
Factoring	—		—		—		—		224,520		224,520		—		1,613		1,613
Lease financing	13,318		468		4,159		17,945		116,911		134,856		—		4,689		4,689

SBA/USDA	4,535		5,085		3,390		13,010		688,726		701,736		1,352		5,948		7,300
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		—		154,728		154,728		—		—		—
Commercial finance	41,161		14,933		18,273		74,367		3,450,388		3,524,755		1,359		36,049		37,408


Consumer finance	3,922		2,769		2,398		9,089		237,113		246,202		2,398		—		2,398
Tax services	1,036		—		—		1,036		54,937		55,973		—		—		—
Warehouse finance	—		—		—		—		643,124		643,124		—		—		—
Total loans and leases held for investment	46,119		17,702		20,671		84,492		4,385,562		4,470,054		3,757		36,049		39,806
Total loans and leases	$	46,119	$	17,702	$	20,671	$	84,492	$	4,431,329	$	4,515,821	$	3,757	$	36,049	$	39,806

September 30, 2024
Loans held for sale	$	2,266	$	1,361	$	1,050	$	4,677	$	687,011	$	691,688	$	1,050	$	—	$	1,050

Term lending	19,776		5,124		17,694		42,594		1,512,047		1,554,641		1,923		23,462		25,385
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		471,897		471,897		—		—		—
Factoring	—		—		—		—		362,295		362,295		—		29		29
Lease financing	3,605		1,595		109		5,309		146,865		152,174		60		746		806

SBA/USDA	—		952		2,172		3,124		565,504		568,628		331		2,175		2,506
Other commercial finance	—		—		—		—		185,964		185,964		—		—		—
Commercial finance	23,381		7,671		19,975		51,027		3,244,572		3,295,599		2,314		26,412		28,726


Consumer finance	3,962		3,186		3,053		10,201		238,599		248,800		3,053		—		3,053
Tax services	—		—		8,733		8,733		92		8,825		8,733		—		8,733
Warehouse finance	—		—		—		—		517,847		517,847		—		—		—
Total loans and leases held for investment	27,343		10,857		31,761		69,961		4,001,110		4,071,071		14,100		26,412		40,512
Total loans and leases	$	29,609	$	12,218	$	32,811	$	74,638	$	4,688,121	$	4,762,759	$	15,150	$	26,412	$	41,562

Table of Contents

Nonaccrual loans and leases by year of origination were as follows:


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total		Nonaccrual with No ACL
March 31, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending	$	—	$	1,027	$	3,058	$	4,559	$	11,552	$	2,884	$	—	$	23,080	$	8,109
Asset-based lending	—		—		—		—		—		—		719		719		—
Factoring	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,613		1,613		—
Lease financing	—		—		454		—		3,488		747		—		4,689		4,137

SBA/USDA	—		3,547		1,504		411		83		403		—		5,948		—

Commercial finance	—		4,574		5,016		4,970		15,123		4,034		2,332		36,049		12,246





Total nonaccrual loans and leases	$	—	$	4,574	$	5,016	$	4,970	$	15,123	$	4,034	$	2,332	$	36,049	$	12,246


	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total		Nonaccrual with No ACL
September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Term lending	$	9,281	$	3,433	$	5,369	$	1,386	$	625	$	3,368	$	—	$	23,462	$	2,579

Factoring	—		—		—		—		—		—		29		29		—
Lease financing	—		577		11		46		2		110		—		746		—

SBA/USDA	—		738		55		55		742		585		—		2,175		681

Commercial finance	9,281		4,748		5,435		1,487		1,369		4,063		29		26,412		3,260





Total nonaccrual loans and leases	$	9,281	$	4,748	$	5,435	$	1,487	$	1,369	$	4,063	$	29	$	26,412	$	3,260

Loans and leases that are 90 days or more delinquent and accruing by year of origination were as follows:

	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
At December 31, 2024	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
March 31, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior
Term lending	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	~~560~~—	$	~~4,448~~—	$	27	$	—	$	~~5,010~~7
Lease financing	—		55		1		—		1		2		—		59
SBA/USDA	—		—		1,352		—		—		—		—		1,352
SBA/USDA	—		—		—		330		156		—		—		486
Commercial finance	—		—		1,352		—		—		7		—		1,359
Commercial finance	—		55		1		890		4,605		4		—		5,555
Consumer finance	266		896		1,037		190		9		—		—		2,398
Consumer finance	—		976		1,235		190		22		—		—		2,423
Total loans and leases held for investment	266		896		2,389		190		9		7		—		3,757
Total loans and leases held for investment	—		1,031		1,236		1,080		4,627		4		—		7,978
Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing	$	266	$	896	$	2,389	$	190	$	9	$	7	$	—	$	3,757
Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing	$	—	$	1,031	$	1,236	$	1,080	$	4,627	$	4	$	—	$	7,978

	Amortized Cost Basis
(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans and Leases by Origination Year												Revolving Loans and Leases		Total
At September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
September 30, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior
Loans held for sale	$	1,031	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,050
Term lending	—		621		354		719		217		12		—		1,923
Lease financing	—		—		—		2		58		—		—		60
SBA/USDA	—		—		331		—		—		—		—		331
Commercial finance	—		621		685		721		275		12		—		2,314
Consumer finance	736		1,841		388		88		—		—		—		3,053
Tax services	8,733		—		—		—		—		—		—		8,733
Total loans and leases held for investment	9,469		2,462		1,073		809		275		12		—		14,100
Total 90 days or more delinquent and accruing	$	10,500	$	2,481	$	1,073	$	809	$	275	$	12	$	—	$	15,150

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Certain loans and leases 90 days or more past due as to interest or principal continue to accrue because they are (1) well-secured and in the process of collection or (2) consumer loans exempt under regulatory rules from being classified as nonaccrual until later delinquency, usually 120 days past due.

The following table provides the average recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and leases:

			Three Months Ended December 31,
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024
Term lending	$	27,521	$	18,999	$	2325,~~208~~365	$	1718,~~419~~209
Asset-based lending	530		82		~~591~~555		94,~~711~~896
Factoring	1,398		5,745		~~265~~831		13,~~180~~463
Lease financing	4,887		1,639		13,~~565~~226		1,~~623~~631
SBA/USDA	3,096		2,329		12,~~900~~498		1,~~488~~908
Commercial finance	37,432		28,794		2732,~~529~~475		3130,~~421~~107
Total loans and leases	$	37,432	$	28,794	$	2732,~~529~~475	$	3130,~~421~~107

The recognized interest income on the Company's nonaccrual loans and leases for the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024 was not significant.

Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 were $35.39 million and $9.1 million, respectively, in the commercial finance loan portfolio. The types of modifications granted were term extensions. Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2023~~2024 were ~~insignificant~~$1.6 million in the commercial finance loan portfolio.

22During the six months ended March 31, 2025, the Company had $6.1 million of commercial finance loans where a modification was granted in the previous 12 months in which there was a payment default. As of March 31, 2025, no modifications granted during the current six month period were in the 60-89 days past due category. During the six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company had no modifications granted in the previous 12 months in which there was a payment default.

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During the three months ended December 31, 2024, the Company had $1.4 million of commercial finance loans where a modification was granted in the previous 12 months in which there was a payment default. As of December 31, 2024, no modifications granted were in the 60-89 days past due category. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no modifications granted in the previous 12 months in which there was a payment default.

NOTE 6. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE ("EPS")

The Company has granted restricted share awards with dividend rights that are considered to be participating securities. Accordingly, a portion of the Company’s earnings is allocated to those participating securities in the earnings per share calculation under the two-class method. Basic EPS is computed using the two-class method by dividing income available to common stockholders after the allocation of dividends and undistributed earnings to the participating securities by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or the treasury stock method. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised, and is computed after giving consideration to the weighted average dilutive effect upon vesting of performance share units ("PSUs") and restricted stock grants, and after the allocation of earnings to the participating securities. Antidilutive securities are disregarded in earnings per share calculations. Diluted EPS shown below reflects the two-class method, as diluted EPS under the two-class method was more dilutive than under the treasury stock method.

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A reconciliation of net income and common stock share amounts used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below.

			Three Months Ended December 31,
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2025		2024		~~2024~~2025		~~2023~~2024
			(As Restated)				(As Restated)
Basic income per common share:
Net income attributable to Pathward Financial, Inc.	$	74,957	$	69,918	$	31104,~~427~~923	$	27104,~~657~~817
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	(264)		(562)		(~~130~~402)		(~~220~~839)
Basic net earnings available to common stockholders	74,693		69,356		31104,~~297~~521		27103,~~437~~978
Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested restricted stockholders	260		552		~~125~~393		~~210~~819
Reallocation of undistributed earnings to nonvested restricted stockholders	(259)		(551)		(~~125~~392)		(~~210~~818)
Diluted net earnings available to common stockholders	$	74,694	$	69,357	$	31104,~~297~~522	$	27103,~~437~~979
Total weighted-average basic common shares outstanding	23,657,145		25,281,743		2423,~~221~~941,~~697~~980		25,~~776~~529,~~845~~186
Effect of dilutive securities(1)
PSUs	118,878		29,401		5897,~~674~~040		2426,~~693~~470
Total effect of dilutive securities	118,878		29,401		5897,~~674~~040		2426,~~693~~470
Total weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding	23,776,023		25,311,144		24,~~280~~039,~~371~~020		25,~~801~~555,~~538~~656
Net earnings per common share:
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.16	$	2.74	$	14.2937	$	14.0607
Diluted earnings per common share(2)	$	3.14	$	2.74	$	14.2935	$	14.0607

(1) Represents the effect of the assumed vesting of PSUs and restricted stock, as applicable, utilizing the treasury stock method.

(2) Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended ~~December~~March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were 83,665 and ~~2023~~204,877 weighted average share of nonvested restricted stock because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. Excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the six months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were ~~100~~92,~~406~~172 and ~~207~~206,~~074~~060 weighted average shares of nonvested restricted stock because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

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NOTE 7. RENTAL EQUIPMENT, NET

Rental equipment consists of the following:

(Dollars in thousands)	~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025		September 30, 2024
Computers and IT networking equipment	$	1812,~~219~~254	$	21,308
Motor vehicles and other	~~148~~152,~~940~~871		140,920
Other furniture and equipment	3738,~~195~~836		38,755
Solar panels and equipment	~~129~~133,~~821~~964		128,296
Total	~~334~~337,~~175~~925		329,279
Accumulated depreciation	(~~128~~136,~~425~~665)		(124,987)
Unamortized initial direct costs	~~1,004~~934		1,047
Net book value	$	~~206~~202,~~754~~194	$	205,339

~~Future minimum lease payments expected to be received for operating leases at December 31, 2024 were as follows:~~25

(Dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2025	$	31,957
2026	34,726
2027	26,540
2028	17,823
2029	12,010
Thereafter	6,178
Total	$	129,234

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Future minimum lease payments expected to be received for operating leases at March 31, 2025 were as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2025	$	21,322
2026	36,044
2027	27,855
2028	19,116
2029	13,262
Thereafter	6,366
Total	$	123,965

NOTE 8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company held a total of $297.9 million of goodwill at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025. The recorded goodwill is a result of multiple business combinations that occurred from 2015 to 2018. During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company closed on the sale of the commercial insurance premium finance business and derecognized the goodwill associated with that reporting unit. The goodwill was included in the carrying amount of the disposed business. See Note 3. Divestitures to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

The changes in the carrying amount of the Company's goodwill were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Consumer		Commercial		Corporate Services/Other		Total
At September 30, 2024	$	87,145	$	222,360	$	—	$	309,505
September 30, 2024	$	87,145	$	222,360	$	—	$	309,505
Divestiture	—		(11,577)		—		(11,577)
At December 31, 2024	$	87,145	$	210,783	$	—	$	297,928
March 31, 2025	$	87,145	$	210,783	$	—	$	297,928
At September 30, 2023	$	87,145	$	222,360	$	—	$	309,505
September 30, 2023	$	87,145	$	222,360	$	—	$	309,505
At December 31, 2023	$	87,145	$	222,360	$	—	$	309,505
March 31, 2024	$	87,145	$	222,360	$	—	$	309,505

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The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s intangible assets during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 include certain intangibles disposed of as part of the commercial insurance premium finance business sale. The relevant intangibles were included in the carrying amount of the disposed business. See Note 3. Divestitures to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

(Dollars in thousands)	Trademark(1)		Non-Compete		Customer Relationships(2)		All Others(3)		Total
At September 30, 2024	$	6,422	$	—	$	6,566	$	3,601	$	16,589
September 30, 2024	$	6,422	$	—	$	6,566	$	3,601	$	16,589
Amortization during the period	(~~269~~538)		—		(~~411~~1,064)		(~~132~~292)		(~~812~~1,894)
Write-offs and disposals during the period	—		—		(631)		—		(631)
At December 31, 2024	$	6,153	$	—	$	5,524	$	3,469	$	15,146
March 31, 2025	$	5,884	$	—	$	4,871	$	3,309	$	14,064
Gross carrying amount	$	13,774	$	301	$	70,338	$	7,732	$	92,145
Accumulated amortization	(7,~~621~~890)		(301)		(5354,~~896~~549)		(4,~~110~~270)		(6567,~~928~~010)
Accumulated impairment	—		—		(10,918)		(153)		(11,071)
At December 31, 2024	$	6,153	$	—	$	5,524	$	3,469	$	15,146
March 31, 2025	$	5,884	$	—	$	4,871	$	3,309	$	14,064
At September 30, 2023	$	7,477	$	—	$	9,110	$	4,133	$	20,720
September 30, 2023	$	7,477	$	—	$	9,110	$	4,133	$	20,720
Amortization during the period	(~~264~~527)		—		(~~587~~1,431)		(~~133~~266)		(~~984~~2,224)
At December 31, 2023	$	7,213	$	—	$	8,523	$	4,000	$	19,736
March 31, 2024	$	6,950	$	—	$	7,679	$	3,867	$	18,496
Gross carrying amount	$	13,774	$	301	$	77,578	$	7,798	$	99,451
Accumulated amortization	(6,~~561~~824)		(301)		(58,~~137~~981)		(3,~~579~~712)		(6869,~~578~~818)
Accumulated impairment	—		—		(10,918)		(219)		(11,137)
At December 31, 2023	$	7,213	$	—	$	8,523	$	4,000	$	19,736
March 31, 2024	$	6,950	$	—	$	7,679	$	3,867	$	18,496

(1) Book amortization period of 5-15 years. Amortized using the straight line and accelerated methods.

(2) Book amortization period of 10-30 years. Amortized using the accelerated method.

(3) Book amortization period of 3-20 years. Amortized using the straight line method.

The estimated amortization expense of intangible assets assumes no activities, such as acquisitions, which would result in additional amortizable intangible assets. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in the remaining ~~nine~~six months of fiscal 2025 and subsequent fiscal years at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 was as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2025	$	21,~~620~~562
2026	3,~~109~~103
2027	2,~~489~~483
2028	2,~~200~~194
2029	1,~~585~~581
Thereafter	3,~~143~~141
Total anticipated intangible amortization	$	1514,~~146~~064

There were no impairments to intangible assets during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024. Intangible impairment expense is recorded within the impairment expense line of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 9. OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, included in other assets, were $2224.61 million and $24.4 million at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

Operating lease liabilities, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities, were $2325.82 million and $26.0 million at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

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The decreases in lease ROU assets and liabilities relate to normal amortization and lease payments made during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, but also include adjustments for lease assignments that occurred as a result of the commercial insurance premium finance business sale during the first quarter. Two office locations, Newport Beach, California and Addison, Texas, were included in the sale of the commercial insurance premium finance business and the relevant lease ROU assets and liabilities are no longer reflected in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements after the transaction closed. The derecognition of the relevant lease ROU assets and liabilities resulted in a $0.5 million gain on remeasurement that was recognized as part of the overall gain on divestitures from the commercial insurance premium finance business sale. See Note 3. Divestitures to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Undiscounted future minimum operating lease payments and a reconciliation to the amount recorded as operating lease liabilities at ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2025	$	21,~~535~~822
2026	3,~~048~~391
2027	23,~~856~~306
2028	23,~~816~~397
2029	23,~~841~~436
Thereafter	1213,~~703~~107
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments	2628,~~799~~459
Discount	(3,~~049~~210)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2325,~~750~~249

The weighted-average discount rate and remaining lease term for operating leases were as follows:

	December 31, 2024		September 30, 2024
	March 31, 2025		September 30, 2024
Weighted-average discount rate	2.5067	%	2.45	%
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	8.9141		8.78

	Three Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2024		2023
Lease expense		$	919	$	1,025
Short-term and variable lease cost		21		(7)
Sublease income		(352)		(370)
Total lease cost for operating leases		$	588	$	648

The components of total lease costs for operating leases were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Lease expense	$	998	$	992	$	1,917	$	2,017
Short-term and variable lease cost	23		30		44		23

Sublease income	(351)		(269)		(703)		(639)
Total lease cost for operating leases	$	670	$	753	$	1,258	$	1,401

NOTE 10. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Repurchase of Common Stock. The Company's Board of Directors authorized the September 3, 2021 share repurchase program to repurchase up to 6,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock. This authorization was effective from September 3, 2021 through September 30, 2024, with 146,435 shares authorized by this repurchase program not repurchased when it expired. On August 25, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors announced a share repurchase program to repurchase up to an additional 7,000,000 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock on or before September 30, 2028. During the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, the Company repurchased ~~701~~1,~~860~~277,664 and ~~232~~996,~~588~~773 shares, respectively, as part of the share repurchase programs.

Under the repurchase programs, repurchased shares were retired and designated as authorized but unissued shares. The Company accounts for repurchased shares using the par value method under which the repurchase price is credited to paid-in capital up to the ~~amount~~par ofvalue ~~the original proceeds~~ of those shares. When the repurchase price is greater than the original issue proceeds, the excess is charged to retained earnings. As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, 65,~~298~~722,~~140~~336 shares of common stock remained available for repurchase.

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For the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, the Company also repurchased 66,446 and ~~103~~122,~~641~~452 shares, or $4.6 million and $45.98 million, of common stock, respectively, in settlement of employee tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock.

Retirement of Treasury Stock. The Company accounts for the retirement of repurchased shares, including treasury stock, using the par value method under which the repurchase price is charged to paid-in capital up to the amount of the original proceeds of those shares. When the repurchase price is greater than the original issue proceeds, the excess is charged to retained earnings. The Company retired no shares of common stock held in treasury during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024.

NOTE 11. STOCK COMPENSATION

On February 27, 2024, the shareholders of the Company voted to approve the Pathward Financial, Inc. 2023 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan permits the granting of various types of awards including but not limited to nonvested (restricted) shares and PSUs to certain officers and directors of the Company. Awards may be granted by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors based on the performance of the award recipients or other relevant factors.

Shares have previously been granted each year to executives and senior leadership members under the applicable Company incentive plan. These shares vest at various times ranging from immediately to three years based on circumstances at time of grant. The fair value is determined based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Director shares are issued to the Company’s directors, and these shares have historically vested from immediately to up to one year from the grant date.

The Company also grants selected executives PSU awards. The vesting of these awards is contingent on meeting company-wide performance goals, including earnings per share. PSUs are generally granted at the market value of the underlying share on the date of grant, adjusted for dividends, as PSUs do not participate in dividends. The awards contingently vest over a period of three years and have payout levels ranging from a threshold of 50% to a maximum of 200%. Upon vesting, each PSU earned is converted into one share of common stock.

The fair value of the PSUs is determined by the dividend-adjusted fair value on the grant date for those awards subject to a performance condition. For those PSUs subject to a market condition, a simulation valuation is performed.

In addition, during the first and second quarters of fiscal year 2017, shares were granted to certain executive officers of the Company in connection with their signing of employment agreements with the Company. These stock awards vest in equal installments over eight years.

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The following tables show the activity of share awards (including shares of restricted stock subject to vesting, fully-vested restricted stock, and PSUs) granted, exercised or forfeited under all of the Company's incentive plans during the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025.

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant
Restricted Stock Awards
Nonvested shares outstanding, September 30, 2024	248,670	$	41.19
Granted	—15,600	—77.42
Vested	(~~164~~179,~~069~~669)	3741.8024
Forfeited or expired	(~~782~~1,055)	50.15
Nonvested shares outstanding, December 31, 2024	83,819	$	47.75
Nonvested shares outstanding, March 31, 2025	83,546	$	47.75
Restricted Stock Units
Nonvested shares outstanding, September 30, 2024	—	$	—
Granted	8486,~~038~~200	79.6651
Vested	—	—
Forfeited or expired	—(572)	—79.63
Nonvested shares outstanding, December 31, 2024	84,038	$	79.66
Nonvested shares outstanding, March 31, 2025	85,628	$	79.51
	Number of Units	Weighted Average Fair Value at Grant
PSUs
PSUs outstanding, September 30, 2024	142,462	$	47.24
Granted	3334,~~136~~208	79.6347
Vested	(34,304)	57.21
Forfeited or expired	—	—
PSUs outstanding, December 31, 2024	141,294	$	52.42
PSUs outstanding, March 31, 2025	142,366	$	52.59

Compensation expense for share-based awards is recorded over the vesting period at the fair value of the award at the time of the grant. The exercise price of fair value of nonvested (restricted) shares and PSUs granted under the Company’s incentive plans is equal to the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date, adjusted for dividends where applicable. The Company has elected to record forfeitures as they occur.

As of ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, stock-based compensation expense not yet recognized in income totaled $1311.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 1.9578 years.

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded an income tax expense of $622.32 million for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2024~~2025, resulting in an effective tax rate of 1617.6038%, compared to an income tax expense of $524.76 million, or an effective tax rate of 1718.0095%, for the ~~three~~six months ended ~~December~~March 31, ~~2023~~2024. The Company’s effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily because of the effect of investment tax credits during fiscal year 2025. The Company's effective tax rate in the future will depend in part on actual investment tax credits generated from qualified renewable energy property.

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The table below compares the income tax expense components for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended December 31,
	Six Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023
	2025			2024
Provision at statutory rate	$	7,921		$	7,009
(Dollars in thousands)				(As Restated)
Tax-exempt income	(168)			(174)
Provision at statutory rate	$	26,690		$	27,183
State income taxes	1,243			1,228
Tax-exempt income	(319)			(341)
Interim period effective rate adjustment	1,659			2,806
State income taxes	4,773			5,172
Tax credit investments, net - federal	(3,167)			(4,377)
Interim period effective rate adjustment	(4,375)			4,351
IRC 162(m) nondeductible compensation	55			(280)
Tax credit investments, net - federal	(3,694)			(11,363)
Other, net	(1,249)			(493)
IRC 162(m) nondeductible compensation	605			340
Income tax expense	$	6,294		$	5,719
Other, net	(1,509)			(719)
Effective tax rate	16.60		%	17.00		%
Income tax expense	$	22,171		$	24,623
Effective tax rate	17.38		%	18.95		%

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NOTE 13. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Topic 606 applies to all contracts with customers unless such revenue is specifically addressed under existing guidance. The table below presents the Company’s revenue by operating segment. For additional descriptions of the Company’s operating segments, including additional financial information and the underlying management accounting process, see Note 14. Segment Reporting to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(Dollars in thousands)	Consumer				Commercial				Corporate Services/Other				Consolidated Company
Three Months Ended December 31,	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
			(As Restated)				(As Restated)				(As Restated)				(As Restated)
Net interest income(1)	$	69,127	$	59,356	$	46,111	$	45,881	$	895	$	4,799	$	116,133	$	110,036
Three Months Ended March 31,	2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024		2025		2024
Net interest income(1)	$	75,633	$	67,280	$	41,987	$	44,493	$	18,659	$	16,861	$	136,279	$	128,634
Noninterest income:
Refund transfer product fees	~~410~~32,663		~~422~~28,942		—		—		—		—		~~410~~32,663		~~422~~28,942
Refund advance fee income(1)	459		111		—		—		—		—		459		111
Refund advance and other tax fee income(1)	48,585		43,200		—		—		—		—		48,585		43,200
Card and deposit fees	2830,~~828~~583		3035,~~507~~097		~~232~~202		~~236~~241		68		76		2930,~~066~~793		3035,~~750~~344
Rental income(1)	—		—		1312,~~508~~990		13,~~235~~594		~~200~~210		~~224~~126		13,~~708~~200		13,~~459~~720
(Loss) on sale of securities(1)	—		—		—		—		(157,~~671~~228)		—		(157,~~671~~228)		—
Gain on divestitures(1)	—		—		—		—		16,404		—		16,404		—
(Loss) on divestitures(1)	—		—		—		—		(1,360)		—		(1,360)		—
Gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases(1)	40		(31)		4,338		—		—		—		4,378		(31)
Secondary market revenue(1)	(25)		16		2,074		1,385		13,329		—		15,378		1,401
Gain on sale of other(1)	—		—		~~531~~627		~~362~~222		~~456~~—		~~2,509~~72		~~987~~627		~~2,871~~294
Other income(1)	32,~~864~~221		12,~~778~~432		2,~~630~~225		2,~~166~~307		1,~~143~~420		1,~~235~~305		75,~~637~~866		56,~~179~~044
Total noninterest income	33114,~~601~~027		32109,~~787~~687		2118,~~239~~118		1517,~~999~~749		26,~~538~~379		31,~~975~~509		57138,~~378~~524		52128,~~761~~945
Revenue	$	~~102~~189,~~728~~660	$	92176,~~143~~967	$	6760,~~350~~105	$	6162,~~880~~242	$	325,~~433~~038	$	818,~~774~~370	$	~~173~~274,

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