UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


Form	10-Q


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number 001-08454

     ACCO Brands Corporation

    

     (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

    

     Delaware

     36-2704017

     (State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)

     (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

Four Corporate Drive

Lake Zurich, Illinois 60047

(Address of Registrant’s Principal Executive Office, Including Zip Code)

(847) 541-9500

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	ACCO	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of ~~October~~April 24, ~~2024~~2025, the registrant had outstanding 9290,~~881~~099,~~008~~055 shares of Common Stock.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, particularly those anticipating future financial performance, business prospects, growth, strategies, business operations and similar matters, results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition and those related to cost reductions and anticipated pre-tax savings and restructuring costs are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of management based on information available to us at the time such statements are made. These statements, which are generally identifiable by the use of the words "will," "believe," "expect," "intend," "anticipate," "estimate," "forecast," "future," "predict," "project," "plan," and similar expressions, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, are made as of the date hereof, and we undertake no duty or obligation to update them. Forward-looking statements are subject to the occurrence of events outside the Company’s control and actual results and the timing of the events may differ materially from those suggested or implied by such forward-looking statements due to numerous factors that involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Investors and others are cautioned to not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements when deciding whether to buy, sell or hold the Company's securities.

Some of the factors that could affect our results or cause our plans, actions and results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are detailed in "Part I, Item 1. Business" and "Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024, as well as in "Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10Q and from time to time in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") filings.

Website Access to Securities and Exchange Commission Reports

The Company’s Internet website can be found at www.accobrands.com. The Company makes available free of charge on or through its website its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as practicable after the Company files them with, or furnishes them to, the SEC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION	4
Item 1. Financial Statements	4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)	5
Consolidated Statements of Loss	5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity	8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	109
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	3028
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	3734
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	3734
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION	3834
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	3834
Item 1A. Risk Factors	3835
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	3836
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	3936
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	3936
Item 5. Other Information	3936
Item 6. Exhibits	3937
SIGNATURES	4038

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	September 30,2024			December 31,2023
	March 31,2025			December 31,2024
(in millions)	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	~~102~~134.06		$	6674.41
Accounts receivable, net		~~325~~246.74			~~430~~348.79
Inventories		~~324~~314.87			~~327~~270.54
Other current assets		4147.50			3038.81
Total current assets		~~794~~742.07			~~855~~731.45
Total property, plant and equipment		~~577~~503.67			~~599~~505.65
Less: accumulated depreciation		(~~423~~364.95	)		(~~429~~368.50	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		~~153~~139.72			~~170~~137.15
Right of use asset, leases		8684.34			9181.0
Deferred income taxes		~~102~~92.73			~~104~~89.73
Goodwill		~~459~~468.07			~~590~~446.04
Identifiable intangibles, net		~~740~~713.96			~~815~~709.76
Other non-current assets		2027.97			1733.91
Total assets	$	2,~~357~~268.56		$	2,~~644~~228.84
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Notes payable	$	78.97		$	010.25
Current portion of long-term debt		5125.32			3640.58
Accounts payable		~~182~~173.47			~~183~~167.73
Accrued compensation		4229.49			5343.32
Accrued customer program liabilities		7754.46			~~104~~78.05
Lease liabilities		22.35			2021.5
Other current liabilities		~~114~~106.08			~~143~~128.85
Total current liabilities		~~497~~421.74			~~542~~490.03
Long-term debt, net		~~849~~897.8			~~882~~783.23
Long-term lease liabilities		7169.31			7666.89
Deferred income taxes		~~118~~110.16			~~125~~111.69
Pension and post-retirement benefit obligations		~~143~~118.92			~~157~~117.62
Other non-current liabilities		6145.24			7352.67
Total liabilities		1,~~742~~662.05			1,~~857~~622.83
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock		1.0			1.0
Treasury stock		(47.08	)		(4547.10	)
Paid-in capital		1,~~911~~905.15			1,~~913~~911.48
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(~~548~~544.91	)		(~~526~~572.31	)
Accumulated deficit		(~~700~~708.75	)		(~~556~~687.06	)
Total stockholders' equity		~~615~~606.51			~~787~~606.01
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,~~357~~268.56		$	2,~~644~~228.84

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of ~~Income (~~Loss)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months EndedSeptember 30,						Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,
	Three Months EndedMarch 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	~~2024~~2025			~~2023~~2024			~~2024~~			~~2023~~
Net sales	$	~~420~~317.94		$	~~448~~358.09		$	~~1,218.1~~		$	~~1,344.2~~
Cost of products sold		~~284~~217.08			~~303~~248.25			~~818.2~~			~~915.9~~
Gross profit		~~136~~99.96			~~144~~110.84			~~399.9~~			~~428.3~~
Operating costs and expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		92.27			9894.82			~~274.4~~			~~291.8~~
Amortization of intangibles		11.73			10.86			~~33.2~~			~~32.7~~
Restructuring		62.73			3.(0.3	)		~~6.1~~			~~6.3~~
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets		—			—			165.2			—
Total operating costs and expenses		106.3			104.5
Total operating costs and expenses		110.6			112.6			478.9			330.8
Operating (loss) income		(6.7	)		5.9
Operating income (loss)		26.3			32.2			(79.0	)		97.5
Non-operating expense (income):
Non-operating expense (income):
Interest expense		10.8			13.3
Interest expense		13.7			15.6			40.8			45.0
Interest income		(1.9	)		(1.9	)
Interest income		(2.0	)		(1.6	)		(6.1	)		(6.2	)
Non-operating pension expense		0.5			0.4
Non-operating pension expense		0.4			0.2			5.6			0.5
Other expense (income), net		0.4			(0.6	)
Other expense (income), net		0.4			(3.6	)		(0.4	)		(2.1	)
Loss before income tax		(16.5	)		(5.3	)
Income (loss) before income tax		13.8			21.6			(118.9	)		60.3
Income tax (benefit) expense		(3.3	)		1.0
Income tax expense		4.5			6.7			3.3			22.7
Net loss	$	(13.2	)	$	(6.3	)
Net income (loss)	$	9.3		$	14.9		$	(122.2	)	$	37.6
Per share:
Per share:
Basic loss per share	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.07	)
Basic income (loss) per share	$	0.10		$	0.16		$	(1.27	)	$	0.40
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.07	)
Diluted income (loss) per share	$	0.09		$	0.15		$	(1.27	)	$	0.39
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic		93.3			95.7
Basic		96.0			95.4			96.2			95.2
Diluted		93.3			95.7
Diluted		97.5			96.7			96.2			96.8

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months EndedSeptember 30,						Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,
	Three Months EndedMarch 31,
(in millions)	~~2024~~2025			~~2023~~2024			~~2024~~			~~2023~~
Net income (loss)	$	9.3		$	14.9		$	(122.2	)	$	37.6
Net loss	$	(13.2	)	$	(6.3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.5 and $(0.3) and $0.3 and $(0.2), respectively		(1.3	)		0.7			(0.7	)		0.4
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivative instruments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.7 and $(0.2), respectively		(1.9	)		0.5
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax expense of $(0.4) and $(0.4) and $(0.9) and $(0.2), respectively		13.1			(7.0	)		(23.4	)		0.2
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax expense of $(0.4) and zero, respectively		31.4			(21.2	)
Recognition of deferred pension and other post-retirement items, net of tax benefit (expense) of $1.3 and $(1.2) and $(0.8) and $(0.6), respectively		(4.8	)		4.5			1.5			2.2
Recognition of deferred pension and other post-retirement items, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0.7 and $(0.7), respectively		(1.5	)		2.4
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax:		728.0			(118.83	)		~~(22.6~~	)		~~2.8~~
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	1614.38		$	13(24.16	)	$	~~(144.8~~	)	$	~~40.4~~

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	~~2024~~2025			~~2023~~2024
Operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(122.2	)	$	37.6
Net loss	$	(13.2	)	$	(6.3	)
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets		0.2			(0.3	)
Depreciation		6.7			7.4
Depreciation		21.2			25.2
Amortization of debt issuance costs		0.5			0.7
Amortization of debt issuance costs		2.2			2.3
Amortization of intangibles		11.3			10.6
Amortization of intangibles		33.2			32.7
Stock-based compensation		7.8			5.1
Stock-based compensation		9.2			10.4
Non-cash charge for impairment of goodwill and intangible assets		165.2			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		88107.50			30153.98
Inventories		(335.19	)		35(26.5	)
Other assets		(74.68	)		(518.46	)
Accounts payable		1.38			(7212.87	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(6369.57	)		(1776.82	)
Accrued income taxes		(296.10	)		(79.61	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		955.5			7028.72
Investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment		(82.62	)		(92.73	)
Proceeds from the disposition of assets		0.1			2.2
Cost of acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(10.1	)		—
Net cash used by investing activities		(812.53	)		(72.53	)
Financing activities
Proceeds from long-term borrowings		96106.13			~~121~~61.94
Repayments of long-term debt		(~~117~~17.25	)		(~~145~~18.49	)
Borrowings (repayments) of notes payable, net		7(2.52	)		(70.32	)
Dividends paid		(216.58	)		(217.42	)
Repurchases of common stock		(1215.50	)		—
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation		(10.98	)		(1.79	)
Net cash used by financing activities		(49.5	)		(53.9	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		64.0			33.2
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(13.93	)		2(0.29	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3560.65			1158.52
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of the period	$	6674.41		$	6266.24
End of the period	$	~~102~~134.06		$	73124.76
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	$	4315.49		$	4817.78
Income taxes	$	322.47		$	3010.21

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

														Accumulated Other
	Common Stock					Paid-in			Treasury Stock					Comprehensive			Accumulated
(in millions)	Shares			Value		Capital			Shares		Value			Income (Loss)			Deficit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2023		99.8		$	1.0	$	1,913.4			4.9	$	(45.1	)	$	(526.3	)	$	(556.0	)	$	787.0
Balance at December 31, 2024		98.1		$	1.0	$	1,911.8			5.3	$	(47.0	)	$	(572.1	)	$	(687.6	)	$	606.1
Net loss		—			—		—			—		—			—			(613.32	)		(613.32	)
Gain on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			0.5			—			0.5
Loss on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			(1.9	)		—			(1.9	)
Translation impact, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			~~(21~~31.24	)		—			~~(21~~31.24	)
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			2(1.45	)		—			2(1.45	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—		5.4			—		—			—			(0.3	)		5.1
Common stock repurchases		(3.2	)		—		(15.0	)		—		—			—			—			(15.0	)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		1.1			—		—			0.3		(1.9	)		—			—			(1.9	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—		8.7			—		—			—			(0.9	)		7.8
Dividends declared $0.075 per share		—			—		—			—		—			—			(7.2	)		(7.2	)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		0.6			—		—			0.1		(0.8	)		—			—			(0.8	)
Other		—			—		—			—		—			—			0.1			0.1
Dividends declared $0.075 per share		—			—		—			—		—			—			(6.8	)		(6.8	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		100.9		$	1.0	$	1,918.8			5.2	$	(47.0	)	$	(544.6	)	$	(569.7	)	$	758.5
Balance at March 31, 2025		95.5		$	1.0	$	1,905.5			5.4	$	(47.8	)	$	(544.1	)	$	(708.5	)	$	606.1
Net loss		—			—		—			—		—			—			(125.2	)		(125.2	)
Gain on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			0.1			—			0.1
Translation impact, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			(15.3	)		—			(15.3	)
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			3.9			—			3.9
Stock-based compensation		—			—		2.9			—		—			—			(0.4	)		2.5
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		0.1			—		—			—		—			—			—			—
Dividends declared, $0.075 per share		—			—		—			—		—			—			(7.1	)		(7.1	)
Other		—			—		—			—		—			—			(0.3	)		(0.3	)
Balance at June 30, 2024		101.0		$	1.0	$	1,921.7			5.2	$	(47.0	)	$	(555.9	)	$	(702.7	)	$	617.1
Net income		—			—		—			—		—			—			9.3			9.3
Loss on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			(1.3	)		—			(1.3	)
Translation impact		—			—		—			—		—			13.1			—			13.1
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—			—		—			—		—			(4.8	)		—			(4.8	)
Common stock repurchases		(2.4	)		—		(12.5	)		—		—			—			—			(12.5	)
Stock-based compensation		—			—		1.9			—		—			—			(0.3	)		1.6
Dividends declared, $0.075 per share		—			—		—			—		—			—			(7.2	)		(7.2	)
Other		—			—		—			—		—			—			0.2			0.2
Balance at September 30, 2024		98.6		$	1.0	$	1,911.1			5.2	$	(47.0	)	$	(548.9	)	$	(700.7	)	$	615.5


												Accumulated Other
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Treasury Stock					Comprehensive			Accumulated
(in millions)	Shares		Value		Capital		Shares		Value			Income (Loss)			Deficit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2023		99.8	$	1.0	$	1,913.4		4.9	$	(45.1	)	$	(526.3	)	$	(556.0	)	$	787.0
Net loss		—		—		—		—		—			—			(6.3	)		(6.3	)
Gain on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—			0.5			—			0.5
Translation impact, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—			(21.2	)		—			(21.2	)
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—		—		—		—		—			2.4			—			2.4
Stock-based compensation		—		—		5.4		—		—			—			(0.3	)		5.1
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		1.1		—		—		0.3		(1.9	)		—			—			(1.9	)
Dividends declared $0.075 per share		—		—		—		—		—			—			(7.2	)		(7.2	)
Other		—		—		—		—		—			—			0.1			0.1
Balance at March 31, 2024		100.9	$	1.0	$	1,918.8		5.2	$	(47.0	)	$	(544.6	)	$	(569.7	)	$	758.5

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity Continued

(Unaudited)

													Accumulated Other
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Treasury Stock					Comprehensive			Accumulated
(in millions)	Shares		Value		Capital			Shares		Value			Income (Loss)			Deficit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2022		98.9	$	1.0	$	1,897.2			4.6	$	(43.4	)	$	(540.3	)	$	(504.4	)	$	810.1
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—			—			(3.7	)		(3.7	)
Loss on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			(0.9	)		—			(0.9	)
Translation impact, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			8.9			—			8.9
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			(1.5	)		—			(1.5	)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		6.2			—		—			—			(0.6	)		5.6
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		0.9		—		—			0.3		(1.7	)		—			—			(1.7	)
Dividends declared $0.075 per share		—		—		—			—		—			—			(7.1	)		(7.1	)
Other		—		—		(0.1	)		—		0.1			—			0.1			0.1
Balance at March 31, 2023		99.8	$	1.0	$	1,903.3			4.9	$	(45.0	)	$	(533.8	)	$	(515.7	)	$	809.8
Net income		—		—		—			—		—			—			26.4			26.4
Gain on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			0.6			—			0.6
Translation impact, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			(1.7	)		—			(1.7	)
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			(0.8	)		—			(0.8	)
Stock-based compensation		—		—		3.4			—		—			—			(0.1	)		3.3
Dividends declared, $0.075 per share		—		—		—			—		—			—			(7.1	)		(7.1	)
Other		—		—		0.1			—		—			—			(0.2	)		(0.1	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		99.8	$	1.0	$	1,906.8			4.9	$	(45.0	)	$	(535.7	)	$	(496.7	)	$	830.4
Net income		—		—		—			—		—			—			14.9			14.9
Gain on derivative financial instruments, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			0.7			—			0.7
Translation impact		—		—		—			—		—			(7.0	)		—			(7.0	)
Pension and post-retirement adjustment, net of tax		—		—		—			—		—			4.5			—			4.5
Stock-based compensation		—		—		1.7			—		—			—			(0.2	)		1.5
Dividends declared, $0.075 per share		—		—		—			—		—			—			(7.2	)		(7.2	)
Other		—		—		—			—		(0.1	)		—			0.3			0.2
Balance at September 30, 2023		99.8	$	1.0	$	1,908.5			4.9	$	(45.1	)	$	(537.5	)	$	(488.9	)	$	838.0

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, the terms "ACCO Brands," "ACCO," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to ACCO Brands Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The management of ACCO Brands Corporation is responsible for the accuracy and internal consistency of the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Although the Company believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and the related Consolidated Statements of ~~Income (~~Loss), Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), and Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024 are unaudited. The December 31, ~~2023~~2024 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet data was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all annual disclosures required by GAAP. The financial statements included herein were prepared by management and reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring items unless otherwise noted) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, and the financial position of the Company as of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025. Interim results may not be indicative of results for a full year.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Company reorganized its previously reported North America, EMEA and International operating segments into two operating segments, Americas and International. The Americas segment includes the U.S., Canada, Brazil, Mexico and Chile and the International segment includes EMEA, Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Prior period results have been reclassified to reflect this change in our operating segments. See "Note 16. Information on Business Segments" for further details.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Adopted Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November ~~2023~~2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU ~~2023~~2024-0703, ~~Segment~~Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, (~~Topic~~Subtopic ~~280~~220-40): ~~Improvements~~Disaggregation toof ~~Reportable~~Income ~~Segment~~Statement ~~Disclosures~~Expenses, which requires a public entity to ~~disclose~~disaggregate ~~significant~~certain ~~segment~~expense ~~expenses~~captions ~~and~~into ~~other~~specified ~~segment~~categories ~~items on an annual and interim basis and to provide~~ in ~~interim periods all~~ disclosures ~~about~~within ~~a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies~~ the ~~quantitative~~footnotes ~~thresholds~~ to ~~determine~~the ~~its~~financial ~~reportable segments~~statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, ~~2023,~~2026 and ~~for~~ interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, ~~2024~~2027, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect this guidance will have on the notes to our ~~segment~~consolidated ~~disclosures~~financial statements.

10In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the income tax disclosures to provide information to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our tax disclosures.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

InThere ~~December~~were ~~2023,~~no ~~the~~other ~~FASB~~recently issued ~~ASU~~accounting ~~2023-09,~~standards ~~Income~~that ~~Taxes~~are ~~(Topic~~expected ~~740): Improvements~~ to ~~Income~~have ~~Tax~~a ~~Disclosures,~~material ~~which~~effect ~~enhances~~on the ~~income tax disclosures to provide information to better assess how an entity~~Company’s ~~operations~~financial ~~and~~condition, ~~related~~results ~~tax~~of ~~risks~~operations ~~and~~or ~~tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future~~ cash ~~flows~~flow. ~~This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the effect this guidance will have on our tax disclosures.~~

There were no other recently issued accounting standards that are expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

~~There~~In ~~were~~November no2023, ~~accounting~~the ~~standards~~FASB ~~that~~issued ~~were~~ASU ~~adopted~~2023-07, inSegment ~~the~~Reporting ~~first~~(Topic ~~nine~~280): ~~months~~Improvements ofto ~~2024~~Reportable ~~that~~Segment ~~had~~Disclosures, which requires a ~~material~~public ~~effect~~entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on ~~the~~an ~~Company~~annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s ~~financial~~profit ~~condition~~or loss and assets that are currently required annually. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, ~~results~~aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. Effective in the fourth quarter of ~~operations~~2024, orthe ~~cash~~Company ~~flow~~adopted this standard. See "Note 17. Information on Operating Segments" for further details.

3.There ~~Long-term~~were ~~Debt~~no ~~and~~accounting ~~Short-term~~standards ~~Borrowings~~that were adopted in the first three months of 2025 that had a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

~~Notes~~3. ~~payable and long-term debt, listed in order of the priority of security interests in assets of the Company, consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:~~Acquisitions

(in millions)	September 30,2024		December 31,2023
Euro Senior Secured Term Loan A, due March 2026 (floating interest rate of 5.35% at September 30, 2024 and 5.93% at December 31, 2023)	$	205.5	$	218.2
USD Senior Secured Term Loan A, due March 2026 (floating interest rate of 6.94% at September 30, 2024 and 7.50% at December 31, 2023)		72.8		78.0
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A, due March 2026 (floating interest rate of 6.48% at September 30, 2024 and 6.42% at December 31, 2023)		30.7		32.5
U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due March 2026 (floating interest rate of 6.94% at September 30, 2024 and 7.4% at December 31, 2023)		13.5		7.3
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due March 2026 (floating interest rate of 6.40% at September 30, 2024 and 6.42% at December 31, 2023)		9.0		14.3
Senior Unsecured Notes, due March 2029 (fixed interest rate of 4.25%)		575.0		575.0
Other borrowings		7.9		0.3
Total debt		914.4		925.6
Less:
Current portion		59.2		36.7
Debt issuance costs, unamortized		5.4		6.7
Long-term debt, net	$	849.8	$	882.2

Buro Acquisition

On February 28, 2025, we completed the acquisition ("the Buro Acquisition") of the business of Buro Seating Limited Partnership ("Buro"). Buro is a wholesaler of ergonomic seating in Australia and New Zealand and is included in the Company’s International operating segment. The Buro Acquisition extends our presence in Australia and New Zealand into a new product category. The purchase price paid at closing was AU$16.2 million (US$10.1 million, based on February 28, 2025 exchange rates). A portion of the purchase price (AU$2.2 million or $1.3 million based on February 28, 2025 exchange rates) is being held in an escrow account for a period of up to 2 years after closing in the event of any claims against the seller under the purchase agreement. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to finalization and are expected to be completed within one year from acquisition date. The Buro Acquisition was accounted for as a purchase combination and Buro's results are included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements as of February 28, 2025.

Pro forma financial information is not presented due to immateriality.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

4. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings

Notes payable and long-term debt, listed in order of the priority of security interests in assets of the Company, consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Euro Senior Secured Term Loan A, due October 2029 (floating interest rate of 4.11% at March 31, 2025 and 4.68% at December 31, 2024)	$	131.4	$	127.9
Euro Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due October 2029 (floating interest rate of 4.11% at March 31, 2025 and 4.68% at December 31, 2024)		107.2		59.1
U.S. Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due October 2029 (floating interest rate of 6.09% at March 31, 2025 and 6.47% at December 31, 2024)		68.5		34.4
Australian Dollar Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, due October 2029 (floating interest rate of 5.93% at March 31, 2025 and 6.44% at December 31, 2024)		45.7		32.8
Senior Unsecured Notes, due March 2029 (fixed interest rate of 4.25%)		575.0		575.0
Other borrowings		8.7		10.5
Total debt		936.5		839.7
Less:
Current portion		33.9		51.3
Debt issuance costs, unamortized		4.8		5.1
Long-term debt, net	$	897.8	$	783.3

Credit Agreement

The Company is party to a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ~~(the "Credit Agreement")~~, dated as of January 27, 2017, among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other agents and various lenders party thereto, which has been amended seven times between July 2018 and October 2024 (as amended, the "Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement currently provides for a senior secured credit facility, aswhich ~~amended~~consists of a €184.8 million (US$200.0 million based on October 30, ~~provides~~2024 exchange rates) term loan facility, and a US$467.5 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Facility"). Prior to the seventh amendment which was effective October 30, 2024, the Credit Agreement provided for a senior secured credit facility, which ~~consists~~consisted of a €300.0 million (US$320.8 million based on January 27, 2017, exchange rates) term loan facility, an AAU$80.0 million (US$60.4 million based on January 27, 2017, exchange rates) term loan facility, a US$100.0 million term loan facility, and a US$600.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility ~~(the "Revolving Facility")~~.

~~From~~The ~~July~~current ~~2018~~financial tocovenants ~~November~~under ~~2022,~~ the ~~Company entered into six amendments (the "Amendments") to the~~ Credit Agreement. ~~The following~~ are ~~the key changes, among other things, to the Credit Agreement~~ as ~~a result of the Amendments~~follows:

•

~~replace~~Minimum ~~the minimum fixed coverage ratio of 1.25:1.00 with a minimum~~ Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 3.00:1.00; and

•

Maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio financial covenant for all first and second fiscal quarters is 4.50x dropping to 4.00x for all third and fourth quarters.

The current pricing for borrowings under the Credit Agreement is as follows:


Consolidated Leverage Ratio	Applicable Rate on Euro/AUD/CDN Loans	Applicable Rate on Base Rate Loans	Undrawn Fee
> 4.25	2.25 %	1.25 %	0.375 %
> 3.5	2.00 %	1.00 %	0.350 %
> 2.5	1.75 %	0.75 %	0.300 %
≤ 2.5	1.50 %	0.50 %	0.250 %

As of March 31, 2025, the applicable rate on Euro, Australian and Canadian dollar loans was 1.75 percent and the applicable rate on Base Rate loans was 1.00 percent. Undrawn amounts under the Revolving Facility are subject to a commitment fee rate

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~increase~~of ~~the~~0.25 ~~maximum~~percent ~~Consolidated~~to ~~Leverage~~0.375 ~~Ratio~~percent ~~(as~~per ~~defined~~annum, independing on the ~~Credit~~Company's ~~Agreement)~~Consolidated ~~financial~~Leverage ~~covenant~~Ratio. ~~for~~As ~~each~~ of ~~the~~March ~~five fiscal quarters beginning December~~ 31, ~~2022~~2025, ~~and~~the ~~ending~~commitment ~~December~~fee ~~31,~~rate ~~2023;~~was 0.30 percent.

~~modify~~As ~~the~~of ~~maximum~~March ~~Consolidated~~31, ~~Leverage~~2025, ~~Ratio~~there ~~financial~~were ~~covenant~~$221.4 ~~for~~million ~~all~~in ~~first~~borrowings ~~and~~outstanding ~~second~~under ~~fiscal~~the ~~quarters~~Revolving ~~after~~Facility. ~~December~~The ~~31,~~remaining ~~2023,~~amount ~~from~~available ~~the~~for ~~current~~borrowings ~~level~~was ~~of 4~~$235.~~00x~~9 tomillion ~~4.50x,~~(allowing ~~while~~for ~~maintaining~~$10.2 ~~the~~million ~~current~~of ~~level~~letters of ~~4.00x~~credit ~~for~~outstanding ~~all~~on ~~third~~that ~~and fourth fiscal quarters;~~ date).

~~increase~~As ~~the~~of ~~Company’s~~March ~~flexibility~~31, ~~under~~2025, ~~the~~our ~~restricted~~Consolidated ~~payments~~Leverage ~~baskets;~~Ratio ~~and~~was approximately 3.65 to 1.00 versus our maximum covenant of 4.50 to 1.00.

change the U.S. dollar reference rate from LIBOR-based pricing to SOFR-based pricing, with no changes to existing margins.

As of September 30, 2024, the maturity of the Credit Agreement was March 31, 2026 and the pricing was as follows:

Consolidated Leverage Ratio	Applicable Rate on Euro/AUD/CDN Dollar Loans	Applicable Rate on Base Rate Loans	Undrawn Fee
> 4.50 to 1.00	2.50 %	1.50 %	0.500 %
≤ 4.50 to 1.00 and > 4.00 to 1.00	2.25 %	1.25 %	0.375 %
≤ 4.00 to 1.00 and > 3.50 to 1.00	2.00 %	1.00 %	0.350 %
≤ 3.50 to 1.00 and > 3.00 to 1.00	1.75 %	0.75 %	0.300 %
≤ 3.00 to 1.00 and > 2.00 to 1.00	1.50 %	0.50 %	0.250 %
≤ 2.00 to 1.00	1.25 %	0.25 %	0.200 %

As of September 30, 2024, there were $22.5 million in borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Facility. The remaining amount available for borrowings was $569.0 million (allowing for $8.5 million of letters of credit outstanding on that date).

As of September 30, 2024, our Consolidated Leverage Ratio was approximately 3.50 to 1.00 versus our maximum covenant of 4.00 to 1.00.

On October 30, 2024, the Company entered into a seventh amendment to the Credit Agreement to extend the maturity of the senior secured credit facility to October 30, 2029. The following are the key changes, among other things, to the Credit Agreement as a result of the seventh amendment:

the current Revolving Facility provides for outstanding borrowings not to exceed $467.5 million;

the outstanding USD Senior Secured Term Loan A of $72.8 million as well as the Australian Dollar Senior Secured Term Loan A of A$44.4 million (US$29.2 million based on October 30, 2024 exchange rates) were repaid in full by borrowing under the Revolving Facility;

€61.2 million (US$66.4 million based on October 30, 2024 exchange rates) out of the total outstanding Euro Senior Secured Term Loan A of €184.1 million (US$199.8 million based on October 30, 2024 exchange rates) was repaid by borrowing under the Revolving Facility; and

added a springing maturity covenant if the Senior Unsecured Notes are not refinanced before their maturity of March 15, 2029.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

No changes were made to the financial covenants and the pricing was updated as follows:

Level	Consolidated Leverage Ratio	SOFR Spread	Undrawn Fee
I	> 4.25x	225 bps	37.5 bps
II	> 3.50x	200 bps	35.0 bps
III	> 2.50x	175 bps	30.0 bps
IV	≤ 2.50x	150 bps	25.0 bps

Senior Unsecured Notes

On March 15, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $575.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.25 percent Senior Unsecured Notes (the "Notes") due March 2029. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by each of the Company's existing and future U.S. subsidiaries, other than certain excluded subsidiaries.

Guarantees and Security

Generally, obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s existing and future subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s and certain guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, subject to certain exclusions and limitations.

45. Leases

The Company leases its corporate headquarters, various other facilities for distribution, manufacturing, and offices, as well as vehicles, forklifts and other equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases are included in "Right of use asset, leases" ("ROU Assets"), and the current portion of the lease liability is included in "Lease liabilities" and the non-current portion is included in "Long-term lease liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company currently has an immaterial amount of financing leases and leases with terms of more than one month and less than 12 months. ROU Assets and Lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company uses its incremental collateralized borrowing rate, on a regional basis, in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is dependent upon the duration of the lease and has been segmented into three groups of time. All leases within the same region and the same group of time share the same incremental borrowing rate. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are combined for accounting purposes for all classes of underlying assets except information technology equipment.

ROU Assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of leases, the Company uses its incremental collateralized borrowing rate, on a regional basis, due to the implicit rate of return is generally not readily determinable for our leases. The incremental borrowing rate is dependent upon the duration of the lease and has been segmented into three groups of time. All leases within the same region and the same group of time share the same incremental borrowing rate. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are combined for accounting purposes for all classes of underlying assets except information technology equipment.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	Three months endedSeptember 30,						Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,
	Three months endedMarch 31,
(in millions)	~~2024~~2025			~~2023~~2024			~~2024~~			~~2023~~
Operating lease cost	$	7.21		$	7.34		$	~~21.8~~		$	~~21.4~~
Sublease income		(0.8	)		(0.69	)		~~(2.4~~	)		~~(1.9~~	)
Total lease cost	$	6.43		$	6.75		$	~~19.4~~		$	~~19.5~~

1312

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Other information related to leases was as follows:

	Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,
	Three Months EndedMarch 31,
(in millions, except lease term and discount rate)	~~2024~~2025			~~2023~~2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	207.84		$	227.67
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	147.4		$	148.7
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	5.85 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		5.23	%

Future minimum lease payments, net of sublease income, for all non-cancelable leases as of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 were as follows:

(in millions)	OperatingLeases
2024	$	7.1
2025	$	20.8
2025		25.2
2026		23.2
2026		20.6
2027		18.2
2027		15.3
2028		15.1
2028		12.8
2029		11.9
2029		10.1
2030		10.3
Thereafter		189.1
Total minimum lease payments		~~109~~108.26
Less imputed interest		1517.60
Future minimum payments for leases, net of sublease rental income and imputed interest	$	9391.6

146. Pension and Other Retiree Benefits

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for pension and post-retirement plans for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	Pension												Post-retirement
	U.S.						International
(in millions)	2025			2024			2025			2024			2025			2024
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	0.2		$	0.2		$	—		$	—
Interest cost		1.9			1.9			4.5			4.6			—			—
Expected return on plan assets		(3.2	)		(3.2	)		(4.4	)		(4.8	)		—			—
Amortization of net loss (gain)		0.6			0.6			1.1			1.3			(0.1	)		(0.1	)
Net periodic benefit (income) cost (1)	$	(0.7	)	$	(0.7	)	$	1.4		$	1.3		$	(0.1	)	$	(0.1	)

(1)

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost, other than service cost, are included in the line "Non-operating pension expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Loss.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

5We expect to contribute approximately $16.4 ~~Pension~~million ~~and~~to ~~Other~~our ~~Retiree~~defined ~~Benefits~~benefit plans in 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we have contributed $5.2 million to these plans.

~~The~~7. ~~components of net periodic benefit (income) cost for pension and post~~Stock-~~retirement~~Based ~~plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:~~Compensation

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension												Post-retirement
	U.S.						International
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	0.1		$	0.1		$	—		$	—
Interest cost		1.9			2.0			4.6			5.1			—			—
Expected return on plan assets		(3.2	)		(3.0	)		(4.9	)		(5.5	)		—			—
Amortization of net loss (gain)		0.6			0.6			1.4			1.1			(0.1	)		(0.1	)
Amortization of prior service cost		—			—			0.1			0.1			—			—
Net periodic benefit (income) cost (2)	$	(0.7	)	$	(0.4	)	$	1.3		$	0.9		$	(0.1	)	$	(0.1	)

The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense, including stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs"), for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Three months endedMarch 31,
	Pension												Post-retirement
(in millions)	2025			2024
	U.S.						International
Stock option compensation expense	$	0.1		$	0.2
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
RSU compensation expense		3.4			3.6
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	0.5		$	0.3		$	—		$	—
PSU compensation expense		4.3			1.3
Interest cost		5.7			6.0			13.8			15.0			—			—
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7.8		$	5.1
Expected return on plan assets		(9.6	)		(9.0	)		(14.6	)		(16.2	)		—			—
Amortization of net loss (gain)		1.8			1.8			4.0			3.2			(0.3	)		(0.3	)
Amortization of prior service cost		—			—			0.2			0.3			—			—
Settlement (1)		—			—			4.4			—			—			—
Net periodic benefit (income) cost (2)	$	(2.1	)	$	(1.2	)	$	8.3		$	2.6		$	(0.3	)	$	(0.3	)

~~Settlement~~We ofgenerally ~~$4.4~~recognize ~~million~~expense ~~resulting~~for ~~from~~stock-based ~~the~~awards ~~wind-up~~ratably ofover the ~~ACCO~~vesting ~~Brands~~period. ~~Canada~~During ~~Salaried~~the ~~and~~first ~~Hourly~~quarter ~~pension~~of ~~plans~~2025, ~~which~~stock ~~was~~compensation ~~completed~~grants inwere ~~the~~made ~~second~~consisting ~~quarter~~ of ~~2024.~~1,248,016 RSUs and 1,135,000 PSUs.

The ~~components~~following oftable ~~net~~summarizes ~~periodic~~our ~~benefit~~unrecognized ~~(income)~~compensation ~~cost,~~expense ~~other~~and ~~than~~the ~~service~~weighted-average ~~cost,~~period ~~are~~over ~~included~~which in the ~~line "Non-operating pension~~ expense" inwill ~~the~~be ~~Consolidated~~recognized ~~Statements~~as of ~~Income~~March ~~(Loss).~~31, 2025:

We expect to contribute approximately $17.7 million to our defined benefit plans in 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we have contributed $11.8 million to these plans.


	March 31, 2025
(in millions, except weighted average years)	Unrecognized Compensation Expense	Weighted Average Years Expense To Be Recognized Over
Stock options	—	0.1
RSUs	$9.6	2.4
PSUs	$7.8	1.7

68. ~~Stock-Based~~Inventories ~~Compensation~~

The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense (including stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance stock units ("PSUs") for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three months endedSeptember 30,					Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Stock option compensation expense	$	0.1	$	0.3		$	0.4	$	2.4
RSU compensation expense		1.3		1.3			6.3		4.9
PSU compensation expense		0.2		(0.1	)		2.5		3.1
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1.6	$	1.5		$	9.2	$	10.4

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes our unrecognized compensation expense and the weighted-average period over which the expense will be recognized as of September 30, 2024:

	September 30, 2024
(in millions, except weighted average years)	Unrecognized Compensation Expense	Weighted Average Years Expense To Be Recognized Over
Stock options	$0.2	0.5
RSUs	$8.4	2.1
PSUs	$4.5	1.7

7. Inventories

The components of inventories were as follows:

(in millions)	~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025		December 31, ~~2023~~2024
Raw materials	$	3948.49	$	5035.19
Work in process		4.31		43.73
Finished goods		~~281~~261.17		~~272~~231.72
Total inventories	$	~~324~~314.87	$	~~327~~270.54

89. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

Goodwill

We test goodwill for impairment at least annually as of our measurement date of May 31st and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. ~~During~~We ~~the~~did ~~second~~not ~~quarter,~~identify wea ~~identified~~ triggering ~~events~~event ~~within~~during ~~our~~the ~~Americas~~three ~~reporting~~months ~~unit~~ended ~~indicating~~March 31, 2025 that would indicate it ~~was~~is more likely than not that an impairment loss ~~had~~has been incurred. The triggering events included a decline in forecasted cash flows within specific product categories, and a decline in our stock price. Accordingly, as of May 31, 2024, we completed an impairment assessment, on a quantitative basis, of goodwill for both the Americas and International reporting units. The result of our assessment was that the fair value of the Americas reporting unit did not exceed its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge of $127.5 million. The result of our assessment was that the fair value of the International reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and we concluded that no impairment existed.

Estimating the fair value of each reporting unit requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future. We utilized a combination of discounted cash flows and market approach. The financial projections used in the valuation models reflected management's assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, economic and market trends, cost structure, discount rate, and other expectations about the anticipated short-term and long-term operating results for each of our two reporting units.

We believe the assumptions used in our goodwill impairment analysis are appropriate and result in reasonable estimates of the implied fair value of each reporting unit. However, given the economic environment and the uncertainties regarding the impact on our business, there can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions, made for purposes of our goodwill impairment testing, will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future. If our assumptions regarding future performance are not achieved, or if future events occur that adversely affect our enterprise value, we may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods.14

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

reflected management's assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, economic and market trends, cost structure, discount rate, and other expectations about the anticipated short-term and long-term operating results for each of our reporting units.

We believe the assumptions used in our goodwill impairment analysis are appropriate and result in reasonable estimates of the implied fair value of each reporting unit. However, given the economic environment and uncertainties that can negatively impact our business, there can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions, made for purposes of our goodwill impairment testing, will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future. If our assumptions regarding future performance are not achieved, or if future events occur that adversely affect our enterprise value, we may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods.

Changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:

(in millions)	ACCO Brands Americas			ACCO Brands International			Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	383.6		$	206.4		$	590.0
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	253.3		$	193.1		$	446.4
Goodwill impairment		(127.5	)		—			(127.5	)
Acquisitions(1)		—			4.2			4.2
Foreign currency translation		(10.56	)		(217.05	)		(318.51	)
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	254.6		$	204.4		$	459.0
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	253.9		$	214.8		$	468.7

(1)

~~The~~Represents goodwill ~~balance~~from ~~includes~~our ~~$403.3~~Buro ~~million and $530~~Acquisition.~~8 million of accumulated impairment losses as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024, respectively.~~

The goodwill balance includes $530.8 million of accumulated impairment losses as of December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025.

Identifiable Intangible Assets

We test our indefinite-lived ~~intangibles~~intangible for impairment at least annually as of our measurement date of May 31st and on an interim basis if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. ~~During~~We ~~the~~did ~~second~~not ~~quarter,~~identify ~~we identified~~ a triggering event ~~for~~during ~~our~~the ~~indefinite-lived~~three ~~trade~~months ~~names~~ended ~~within~~March ~~our~~31, ~~Americas~~2025, ~~reporting~~that ~~unit~~would ~~indicating~~indicate ~~that~~ it ~~was~~is more likely than not that an impairment loss ~~had~~has been incurred. The triggering event was a decline in forecasted cash flows within certain product categories. Accordingly, as of May 31, 2024, we completed an impairment assessment, on a quantitative basis, for our indefinite-lived trade names. The result of our assessment was that the fair value of the Five Star® indefinite-lived trade name did not exceed its carrying value resulting in an impairment charge of $37.7 million. The result of our assessment of the Swingline® and ACCO® indefinite-lived trade names was that the fair value of each exceeded its carrying value and we concluded that no impairment existed.

Estimating the fair value of ~~each~~our indefinite-lived trade name requires us to make assumptions and estimates regarding our future. We utilized a relief-from-royalty discounted cash flows approach. The financial projections used in the valuation models reflected management's assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, economic and market trends, royalty rate, discount rate, and other expectations about the anticipated short-term and long-term operating results for ~~each of~~ our ~~three~~ indefinite-lived trade ~~names~~name.

We believe the assumptions used in our impairment analysis are appropriate and result in reasonable estimates of the implied fair value of ~~each~~ our indefinite-lived trade ~~names~~name. However, given the economic environment and ~~the~~ uncertainties ~~regarding~~that ~~the~~can negatively impact on our business, there can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions, made for purposes of our indefinite-lived intangible impairment testing, will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future. If our assumptions regarding future performance are not achieved, or if future events occur that adversely affect our enterprise value, we may be required to record an impairment charge in future periods against out indefinite-lived trade name.

As of June 1, 2024, we changed our Five Star® and Swingline® indefinite-lived trade names to amortizable intangible assets as they no longer met the indefinite-lived criteria. We began amortizing both trade names on a straight-line basis over a life of 30 years as of June 1, 2024.15

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization by class of identifiable intangible assets as of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and December 31, ~~2023~~2024, were as follows:

	September 30, 2024							December 31, 2023
	March 31, 2025							December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names(1)	$	101.2	$	(44.5	)	$	56.7	$	295.1	$	(44.5	)	$	250.6
Trade names(2)	$	101.2	$	(44.5	)	$	56.7	$	101.2	$	(44.5	)	$	56.7
Amortizable intangible assets:
Trade names(2)		648.5		(156.0	)		492.5		497.1		(142.0	)		355.1
Trade names		639.5		(164.6	)		474.9		627.5		(157.5	)		470.0
Customer and contractual relationships		~~362~~359.72		(~~235~~237.07	)		~~127~~121.75		~~362~~350.47		(~~221~~230.30	)		~~141~~120.17
Vendor relationships		82.4		(2023.86	)		6158.68		82.4		(1622.72	)		6560.72
Patents		87.29		(56.82	)		21.47		87.28		(5.08	)		3.2.0
Subtotal		1,~~101~~089.80		(~~417~~432.61	)		~~684~~656.29		~~950.~~1,068.4		(~~385~~415.05	)		~~565~~652.19
Total identifiable intangibles	$	1,~~203~~190.02	$	(~~462~~476.16	)	$	~~740~~713.96	$	1,~~245~~169.26	$	(~~429~~460.50	)	$	~~815~~709.76

(2)

Accumulated amortization prior to the adoption of authoritative guidance on goodwill and other intangible assets, at which time further amortization ceased.

~~Reflects~~The ~~the~~Company's ~~change~~intangible ofamortization ~~two~~expense ~~indefinite-lived~~for ~~trade~~the ~~names~~three ~~from~~months ~~indefinite-lived~~ended ~~intangibles~~March to31, ~~amortizable~~2025 ~~intangible~~and ~~assets~~2024 aswas of$11.3 ~~June~~million 1,and ~~2024~~$10.6 million, respectively.

~~The~~Estimated ~~Company's intangible~~ amortization expense for ~~the~~amortizable ~~three~~intangible ~~and nine months ended September 30~~assets, ~~2024~~as ~~was~~of ~~$11.7~~March ~~million and $33.2 million~~31, ~~respectively~~2025, ~~and $10.8 million and $32.7 million~~ for the ~~three~~current year and ~~nine~~the ~~months~~next ~~ended~~five ~~September~~years ~~30,~~is ~~2023,~~as ~~respectively.~~follows:

Estimated amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets, as of September 30, 2024, for the current year and the next five years is as follows:


(in millions)	2025		2026		2027		2028		2029		2030
Estimated amortization expense(3)	$	45.3	$	43.4	$	41.0	$	38.9	$	37.2	$	36.3

(3)

(in millions)		2024				2025				2026				2027				2028				2029
Estimated amortization expense(3)		$	45.1			$	45.7			$	43.6			$	41.2			$	39.0			$	37.2

Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, additional intangible asset acquisitions, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events.

9.Acquired ~~Restructuring~~Identifiable Intangibles

~~The~~Buro Company recorded $6.7 million and $6.1 million of net restructuring expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which were primarily for severance costs related to cost reduction initiatives in both the Americas and International segments. The Company recorded $3.0 million and $6.3 million of restructuring expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which were primarily related to severance costs associated with the footprint rationalization program in the International segment.Acquisition

18The valuation of identifiable intangible assets of $5.7 million acquired in the Buro Acquisition includes an amortizable trade name "Buro," and amortizable customer relationships, which have been recorded at their estimated fair values. The fair value of the trade name was determined using the relief from royalty method, which is based on the present value of royalty fees derived from projected revenues. The fair value of the customer relationships was determined using the multi-period excess earning method which is based on the present value of the projected after-tax cash flows adjusted for contributory asset charges.

The allocation of the identifiable intangibles acquired in the Buro Acquisition was as follows:


(in millions)	Fair Value		Remaining Useful Life
Trade name	$	1.9	20 years
Customer relationships		3.8	8 years
Total identifiable intangibles acquired	$	5.7

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~The~~10. ~~summary of the activity in the restructuring liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:~~Restructuring

(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2023		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/Currency Change			Balance at September 30, 2024
Employee termination costs(1)	$	27.5	$	6.1	$	(11.4	)	$	(0.1	)	$	22.1
Other		0.9		—		(0.9	)		—			0.0
Total restructuring liability	$	28.4	$	6.1	$	(12.3	)	$	(0.1	)	$	22.1

The Company recorded $2.3 million of net restructuring expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025, which were primarily for severance and other costs associated with our continuing footprint rationalization and cost reduction programs in both the Americas and International segments. The Company recorded a $0.3 million reduction in the restructuring provision for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which were primarily for severance related to cost reduction initiatives in the International segment.

WeThe ~~expect~~summary of the ~~remaining~~activity ~~$22.1~~in ~~million~~the ~~employee~~restructuring ~~termination~~liability ~~costs~~for tothe bethree ~~substantially~~months ~~paid~~ended inMarch ~~the~~31, ~~next~~2025 ~~twelve~~was ~~months.~~as follows:

The summary of the activity in the restructuring liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows:


(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2024		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/Currency Change		Balance at March 31, 2025
Employee termination costs(1)	$	26.6	$	0.5	$	(7.8	)	$	0.2	$	19.5
Other		—		1.8		(1.8	)		—		—
Total restructuring liability	$	26.6	$	2.3	$	(9.6	)	$	0.2	$	19.5

(1)

(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2022		Provision		Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/Currency Change		Balance at September 30, 2023
Employee termination costs	$	8.7	$	4.9	$	(6.9	)	$	—	$	6.7
Other		—		1.4		(0.2	)		—		1.2
Total restructuring liability	$	8.7	$	6.3	$	(7.1	)	$	—	$	7.9

We expect the remaining $19.5 million of employee termination costs to be substantially paid in the next nine months.

~~10.~~The ~~Income~~summary ~~Taxes~~of the activity in the restructuring liability for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded income tax expense of $4.5 million on income before taxes of $13.8 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $6.7 million on income before taxes of $21.6 million. The $2.2 million decrease in tax expense compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily driven by the decrease in income before taxes during the three months ended September 30, 2024.


(in millions)	Balance at December 31, 2023		Provision			Cash Expenditures			Non-cash Items/Currency Change			Balance at March 31, 2024
Employee termination costs	$	27.5	$	(0.3	)	$	(4.7	)	$	(0.2	)	$	22.3
Other		0.9		—			(0.1	)		—			0.8
Total restructuring liability	$	28.4	$	(0.3	)	$	(4.8	)	$	(0.2	)	$	23.1

~~For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded income tax expense of $3~~11.3 million on a loss before taxes of $118.9 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $22.7 million on income before taxes of $60.3 million. The $19.4 million decrease in tax expense was primarily driven by the tax benefits related to the impairment of indefinite-lived intangibles and the settlement of certain pension plans. In addition, there were changes to uncertain tax positions based on the statutes of limitations and Brazilian income tax refunded related to certain interest income generated. Income ~~before taxes during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was lower also driving a decrease in tax expense. The non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $127.5 million had no associated tax benefit.~~Taxes

~~The~~For ~~U.S.~~the ~~federal~~three ~~statute~~months ofended ~~limitations~~March ~~remains~~31, ~~open~~2025, ~~for~~we ~~the~~recorded ~~years~~an ~~2020~~income ~~and~~tax ~~forward~~benefit of $3.3 ~~Foreign~~million ~~and~~on Ua loss before taxes of $16.S5 million. ~~state~~For ~~jurisdictions~~the ~~have~~three ~~statutes~~months ofended ~~limitations~~March ~~generally~~31, ~~ranging~~2024, ~~from~~we 2recorded toincome 6tax ~~years~~expense of $1.0 ~~Years~~million ~~still~~on ~~open~~a toloss ~~examination~~before bytaxes ~~foreign~~of $5.3 million. The $4.3 million decrease in tax ~~authorities~~expense was primarily driven by the decrease in ~~major~~income ~~jurisdictions~~before ~~include~~taxes ~~Australia~~during ~~(2020~~the ~~forward),~~three ~~Brazil~~months ~~(2019~~ended ~~forward)~~March 31, ~~Canada~~2025, ~~(2020~~along ~~forward),~~with ~~Germany~~a ~~(2020~~$1.0 ~~forward),~~million ~~Sweden~~decrease ~~(2022~~in ~~forward)~~discrete ~~and~~income ~~the~~tax ~~U.K.~~expense ~~(2022~~during ~~forward).~~the Wefirst ~~are~~quarter ~~currently~~of ~~under~~2025, ~~examination~~compared into ~~certain~~the ~~foreign~~first ~~and~~quarter ~~U.S.~~of ~~jurisdictions~~2024.

The U.S. federal statute of limitations remains open for the years 2021 and forward. Foreign and U.S. state jurisdictions have statutes of limitations generally ranging from 2 to 6 years. Years still open to examination by foreign tax authorities in major jurisdictions include Australia (2020 forward), Brazil (2020 forward), Canada (2019 forward), Germany (2020 forward), Sweden (2023 forward) and the U.K. (2023 forward). We are currently under examination in certain foreign and U.S. jurisdictions.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two)

Legislatures and taxing authorities in many jurisdictions in which we operate may enact changes to, or seek to enforce, novel interpretations of their tax rules. These changes may include modifications that can be temporary or permanent. For example, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (the "OECD"), the European Union and other countries (including countries in which we operate) have committed to enacting substantial changes to numerous long-standing tax principles impacting how large multinational enterprises are taxed. In particular, the OECD's Pillar Two initiative introduces a 15% global minimum tax (the "Global Minimum Tax") applied on a country-by-country basis and ~~for~~some ~~which many~~ jurisdictions have ~~now~~enacted ~~committed~~a toGlobal anMinimum Tax effective ~~enactment date starting~~ January 1, 2024. ~~Management~~while isothers ~~currently~~are ~~assessing~~still evaluating the ~~impact~~situation. ~~and~~As ~~materiality~~ of ~~these~~March ~~potential~~31, ~~new~~2025, ~~rules~~there aswas ~~well as any other changes in domestic and international tax rules and regulations.~~

1917

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

no impact to our effective tax rate resulting from the enactment of a Global Minimum Tax in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Management will continue to assess the impact and materiality of these potential new rules as well as any other changes in domestic and international tax rules and regulations.

Brazil Tax Assessments

In connection with our May 1, 2012, acquisition of the Mead Consumer and Office Products business ("Mead C&OP"), we assumed all of the tax liabilities for the acquired foreign operations including its operating entity in Brazil ("ACCO Brazil"). In December of 2012, the Federal Revenue Department of the Ministry of Finance of Brazil ("FRD") issued a tax assessment against ACCO Brazil, challenging the tax deduction of goodwill from ACCO Brazil's taxable income for the year 2007 (the "First Assessment"). A second assessment challenging the deduction of goodwill from ACCO Brazil's taxable income for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010 was issued by the FRD in October 2013 (the "Second Assessment" and together with the First Assessment, the "Brazil Tax Assessments").

The final administrative appeal of the Second Assessment was decided against the Company in 2017. In 2018, we challenged this decision to the first judicial level. In the fourth quarter of 2022, this case was decided against the Company by the first level judicial court. We have appealed this decision to the second judicial level. In the event we do not prevail at the judicial level, we will be required to pay an additional penalty representing attorneys' costs and fees; accordingly, in the first quarter of 2019, the Company recorded an additional reserve in the amount of $5.6 million. In connection with the judicial challenge, we were required to provide security to guarantee payment of the Second Assessment should we not prevail.

In the third quarter of 2020, the final administrative appeal of the First Assessment was decided against the Company, and we determined that we would challenge this decision. In 2022, we challenged this adverse decision in the tax authority's lawsuit at the judicial level seeking to collect the tax. In connection with the judicial challenge, we were required to provide security to guarantee payment of the First Assessment should we not prevail.

We believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to vigorously contest both of the Brazil Tax Assessments; however, there can be no assurances that we will ultimately prevail. The ultimate outcome will not be determined until the Brazilian judicial process is complete. It is possible we could have a final decision regarding the Second Assessment at any time in the next twelve to eighteen months. If the FRD's initial position is ultimately sustained, payment of the amount assessed would materially and adversely affect our cash flow in the year of settlement.

Because there is no settled legal precedent on which to base a definitive opinion as to whether we will ultimately prevail, we consider the outcome of these disputes to be uncertain. Since it is not more likely than not that we will prevail, in 2012, we recorded a reserve in the amount of $44.5 million (at December 31, 2012 exchange rates) in consideration of this contingency, of which $43.3 million was recorded as an adjustment to the purchase price, and which included the 2007-2012 tax years plus penalties and interest through December 2012.

During the third quarter of 2023, there was a change in Brazilian law which allowed us to seek a cancellation of the 75 percent standard penalty that would be payable in the event we do not prevail in our actions challenging the Brazil Tax Assessments. Following completion of the necessary administrative procedures, during the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company reduced its reserve for this contingency by $13.3 million, representing the amount of the cancelled penalties, as well as interest and other fees related to those penalties.

We will continue to actively monitor administrative and judicial court decisions and evaluate their impact, if any, on our legal assessment of the ultimate outcome of our disputes. In addition, we will continue to accrue interest related to this contingency until such time as the outcome is known or until evidence is presented that we are more likely than not to prevail. During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, we accrued additional interest as a charge to current income tax expense of $0.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. At current exchange rates, our accrual as of September 30, 2024, including tax, penalties and interest is $20.0 million (reported in "Other non-current liabilities").

2018

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

11of $0.2 ~~Earnings~~million ~~per~~and ~~Share~~$0.2 million, respectively. At current exchange rates, our accrual as of March 31, 2025, including tax, penalties and interest is $19.3 million (reported in "Other non-current liabilities").

~~Total outstanding shares as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, were 93~~12.4 ~~million~~Earnings ~~and~~per 94.9 million, respectively. Under our stock repurchase program, during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased and retired 2.4 million shares, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we did not repurchase or retire any shares. For each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we acquired 0.4 million and 0.3 million shares, respectively, related to tax withholding for share-based compensation. Share

The ~~calculation~~computation of ~~basic~~ earnings per share of common stock is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding in the year, or period, over which they were outstanding. Our calculation of diluted earnings per share of common stock assumes that any shares of common stock outstanding were increased by shares that would be issued upon exercise of those stock awards for ~~which~~ the ~~average~~three ~~market~~months ~~price~~ended ~~for~~March ~~the period exceeds the exercise price less the shares that could have been purchased by the Company with the related proceeds~~31, ~~including~~2025 ~~compensation~~and ~~expense~~2024 ~~measured~~was ~~but~~as ~~not yet recognized.~~follows:

Our weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions except per share data)	2025			2024
Net loss	$	(13.2	)	$	(6.3	)
Determination of shares:
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding		93.3			95.7
Shares issuable on exercise of stock awards, net of shares assumed to be purchased out of proceeds at average market price		—			—
Average common shares outstanding for fully diluted computation(1)		93.3			95.7

Per share:
Basic loss per share	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.07	)
Diluted loss per share(1)	$	(0.14	)	$	(0.07	)
Shares outstanding as of March 31,		90.1			95.6

(1)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding - basic		96.0		95.4		96.2		95.2
Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock units		1.5		1.3		—		1.6
Weighted-average shares and assumed conversions - diluted(1)		97.5		96.7		96.2		96.8

Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.

AsFor ~~a result of~~ the ~~net~~three ~~loss for the nine~~ months ended ~~September~~March 3031, 2025 and 2024, ~~diluted~~approximately ~~earnings~~9.5 ~~per~~million ~~share~~and ~~does~~9.8 ~~not~~million ~~include~~shares, ~~the~~respectively ~~effects~~were ofexcluded ~~the~~from ~~stock awards for which~~ the ~~average~~computation ~~market~~of ~~price~~diluted ~~for~~earnings ~~the~~per ~~period~~share ~~exceeds the exercised price,~~ as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

~~Awards~~Under ofour ~~potentially~~stock ~~dilutive~~repurchase ~~shares of common stock~~program, ~~which~~during ~~have exercise prices that were higher than~~ the ~~average~~three ~~market~~months ~~price~~ended ~~during~~March ~~the~~31, ~~period~~2025, ~~are~~we ~~not~~repurchased ~~included~~and inretired ~~the~~3.2 ~~computation~~million ofshares, ~~dilutive~~and ~~earnings~~during ~~per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For~~ the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~March 3031, 2024, ~~the~~we ~~number~~did ofnot ~~anti-dilutive~~repurchase ~~shares~~or ~~was~~retire ~~approximately~~any 10shares.0 ~~million~~For ~~and~~each ~~10.2~~of ~~million, respectively. For~~ the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2023,~~2025 ~~the~~and ~~number~~2024, ofwe ~~anti-dilutive~~acquired ~~shares was approximately 10~~0.42 million and 90.84 million shares, respectively, related to tax withholding for share-based compensation.

1213. Derivative Financial Instruments

We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rate changes. We enter into financial instruments to manage and reduce the impact of these risks, not for trading or speculative purposes. The counterparties to these financial instruments are major financial institutions. We continually monitor our foreign currency exposures in order to maximize the overall effectiveness of our foreign currency hedge positions. Principal currencies hedged against the U.S. dollar include the Euro, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Swedish krona, British pound and Japanese yen. We are subject to credit risk, which relates to the ability of counterparties to meet their contractual payment obligations or the potential non-performance by counterparties to financial instrument contracts. Management continues to monitor the status of our counterparties and will take action, as appropriate, to further manage our counterparty credit risk. There are no credit contingency features in our derivative financial instruments.

When hedge accounting is applicable, on the date we enter into a derivative, the derivative is designated as a hedge of the identified exposure. We measure the effectiveness of our hedging relationships both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis.

21Forward Currency Contracts

We enter into forward foreign currency contracts with third parties to reduce the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies, primarily on foreign denominated inventory purchases and intercompany loans. Our primary exposure to currency movements is

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~Forward~~in ~~Currency~~the ~~Contracts~~Euro, the Swedish krona, the British pound, the Brazilian real, the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, and the Mexican peso.

WeForward ~~enter~~currency ~~into~~contracts ~~forward~~are used to hedge foreign ~~currency~~denominated inventory purchases for Europe, Australia, Canada, Japan and New Zealand, and are designated as cash flow hedges. Unrealized gains and losses on these contracts ~~with~~are ~~third~~deferred ~~parties~~in toAccumulated ~~reduce~~Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI") until the ~~effect~~contracts ofare ~~fluctuating~~settled ~~foreign~~and ~~currencies,~~the ~~primarily~~underlying onhedged ~~foreign~~transactions ~~denominated~~relating to inventory purchases ~~and~~are ~~intercompany~~recognized, ~~loans.~~at ~~Our~~which ~~primary~~time ~~exposure~~the todeferred ~~currency~~gains ~~movements~~or islosses will be reported in the ~~Euro,~~"Cost ~~the~~of ~~Swedish~~products ~~krona,~~sold" line in the ~~British~~Consolidated ~~pound,~~Statements ~~the~~of ~~Brazilian~~Loss. ~~real~~As of March 31, ~~the~~2025 ~~Australian~~and ~~dollar~~December 31, ~~the~~2024, ~~Canadian~~we had cash flow foreign exchange contracts outstanding with a U.S. dollar, equivalent notional value of $80.7 million and ~~the~~$76.9 ~~Mexican~~million, ~~peso~~respectively, which were designated as hedges.

Forward currency contracts ~~are~~ used to hedge foreign denominated ~~inventory~~intercompany ~~purchases~~loans ~~for Europe, Australia, Canada, Japan and New Zealand, and~~ are not designated as ~~cash~~hedging ~~flow hedges~~instruments. ~~Unrealized~~Gains ~~gains~~ and losses on these ~~contracts~~derivative instruments are ~~deferred~~recognized inwithin ~~Accumulated~~ "Other ~~Comprehensive~~expense ~~Income~~ (~~Loss~~income), (net"~~AOCI")~~ ~~until~~in the ~~contracts~~Consolidated ~~are~~Statements ~~settled~~of Loss and are largely offset by the ~~underlying~~change ~~hedged~~in ~~transactions~~the ~~relating~~current totranslated ~~inventory~~value ~~purchases~~of ~~are~~the ~~recognized,~~hedged atitem. ~~which~~The ~~time~~periods of the ~~deferred~~forward ~~gains~~foreign orexchange ~~losses~~contracts ~~will~~correspond beto ~~reported~~the inperiods of the ~~"Cost~~hedged oftransactions, ~~products~~with ~~sold"~~some ~~line~~relating into ~~the~~intercompany ~~Consolidated~~loans ~~Statements~~which ofextend ~~Income~~beyond ~~(Loss)~~March 2026. As of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and December 31, ~~2023~~2024, we had ~~cash flow~~ foreign exchange contracts outstanding with a U.S. dollar equivalent notional value of $9947.52 million and $8073.26 million, respectively, which were not designated as hedges.

~~Forward~~The ~~currency~~following ~~contracts~~table ~~used~~summarizes ~~to hedge foreign denominated intercompany loans are not designated as hedging instruments. Gains and losses on these derivative instruments are recognized within "Other (income) expense, net" in~~ the ~~Consolidated~~fair ~~Statements of Income (Loss) and are largely offset by the change in the current translated~~ value of ~~the~~our ~~hedged~~derivative ~~item.~~financial ~~The~~instruments ~~periods~~as of ~~the~~March ~~forward foreign exchange contracts correspond to the periods of the hedged transactions~~31, ~~with some relating to intercompany loans which extend beyond September~~ 2025. ~~As of September 30, 2024~~ and December 31, ~~2023, we had foreign exchange contracts outstanding with a U.S. dollar equivalent notional value of $108.7 million and $102.3 million, respectively, which were not designated as hedges.~~2024:

The following table summarizes the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
(in millions)	Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		Balance Sheet Location	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	1.4	$	4.0	Other current liabilities	$	1.1	$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets		0.7		0.3	Other current liabilities		0.1		0.3
Foreign exchange contracts	Other non-current assets		1.5		9.0	Other non-current liabilities		1.5		9.0
Total derivatives		$	3.6	$	13.3		$	2.7	$	9.3

	Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
	Derivative Assets					Derivative Liabilities
(in millions)	Balance Sheet Location	September 30,2024		December 31,2023		Balance Sheet Location	September 30,2024		December 31,2023
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets	$	0.2	$	0.3	Other current liabilities	$	2.3	$	1.6
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts	Other current assets		0.9		1.0	Other current liabilities		0.3		0.1
Foreign exchange contracts	Other non-current assets		4.9		3.2	Other non-current liabilities		4.9		3.2
Total derivatives		$	6.0	$	4.5		$	7.5	$	4.9

The following tables summarize the pre-tax effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Consolidated Financial Statements
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income	Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
	Three months ended March 31,						Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025			2024			2025			2024
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(0.6	)	$	1.0	Cost of products sold	$	(2.0	)	$	(0.4	)

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the pre-tax effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


	The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements
	Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income
		Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)		2025		2024
Foreign exchange contracts	Other expense (income), net	$	0.1	$	1.3

	The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Consolidated Financial Statements
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income	Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
	Three months ended September 30,						Three months ended September 30,
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024		2023
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(2.0	)	$	1.5	Cost of products sold	$	0.3	$	(0.6	)

14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

	The Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on the Consolidated Financial Statements
	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)					Location of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income	Amount of (Gain) Loss Reclassified from AOCI to Income (Effective Portion)
	Nine months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(0.4	)	$	1.9	Cost of products sold	$	(0.6	)	$	(1.4	)

	The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements
	Location of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives	Amount of (Gain) LossRecognized in Income					Amount of (Gain) Loss Recognized in Income
		Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)		2024		2023			2024			2023
Foreign exchange contracts	Other expense (income), net	$	1.1	$	(3.1	)	$	(1.0	)	$	(0.1	)

13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In establishing a fair value, there is a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The basis of the fair value measurement is categorized in three levels, in order of priority, as described below:


Level 1	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or
	Unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or
	Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
Level 3	Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

We utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

23We have determined that our financial assets and liabilities described in "Note 13. Derivative Financial Instruments" are Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table sets forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries


(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets:
Forward currency contracts	$	3.6	$	13.3
Liabilities:
Forward currency contracts	$	2.7	$	9.3

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

We have determined that our financial assets and liabilities described in "Note 12. Derivative Financial Instruments" are Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table sets forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(in millions)	September 30,2024		December 31,2023
Assets:
Forward currency contracts	$	6.0	$	4.5
Liabilities:
Forward currency contracts	$	7.5	$	4.9

Our forward currency contracts are included in "Other current assets," "Other current liabilities," "Other non-current assets," or "Other non-current liabilities." The forward foreign currency exchange contracts are primarily valued based on the foreign currency spot and forward rates quoted by banks or foreign currency dealers. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2.

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, notes payable to banks, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate carrying amounts due principally to their short maturities. The carrying amount of total debt was $~~914~~936.45 million and $~~925~~839.67 million and the estimated fair value of total debt was $~~874~~880.94 million and $~~870~~789.94 million at ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and December 31, ~~2023~~2024, respectively. The fair values are determined from quoted market prices, where available, and from using current interest rates based on credit ratings and the remaining terms of maturity.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

On a ~~nonrecurring~~non-recurring basis, we remeasure the fair value of the goodwill of our reporting units and of our trade name indefinite-lived intangibles if an event or circumstance indicates that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has been incurred. The fair value of our reporting units and trade names are considered Level 3 measurements. Level 3 measurements require significant unobservable inputs that are reflected in our assumptions. See "Note 8. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets" for more information.

~~14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)~~21

AOCI is defined as net income (loss) and other changes in stockholders’ equity from transactions and other events from sources other than stockholders. The components of, and changes in, AOCI were as follows:

(in millions)	Derivative Financial Instruments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Unrecognized Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Costs			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(0.7	)	$	(349.8	)	$	(175.8	)	$	(526.3	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications, net of tax		(0.3	)		(23.4	)		(5.5	)		(29.2	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(0.4	)		—			7.0			6.6
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1.4	)	$	(373.2	)	$	(174.3	)	$	(548.9	)

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The ~~reclassifications~~fair ~~out~~value of ~~AOCI~~our ~~for~~reporting ~~the~~units ~~three~~ and ~~nine~~trade ~~months~~names ~~ended~~are ~~September~~considered ~~30,~~Level ~~2024~~3 measurements. Level 3 measurements require significant unobservable inputs that are reflected in our assumptions. See "Note 9. Goodwill and ~~2023~~Identifiable ~~were~~Intangible asAssets" ~~follows:~~for more information.

	Three months endedSeptember 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)	2024			2023			2024			2023
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified fromAccumulated OtherComprehensive Income (Loss)						Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Location on Income Statement
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(0.3	)	$	0.6		$	0.6		$	1.4		Cost of products sold
Tax expense (benefit)		0.1			(0.2	)		(0.2	)		(0.4	)	Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(0.2	)	$	0.4		$	0.4		$	1.0
Defined benefit plan items:
Amortization of net actuarial loss(1)	$	(1.9	)	$	(1.6	)	$	(9.1	)	$	(4.7	)
Amortization of prior service cost(1)		(0.1	)		(0.1	)		(0.2	)		(0.3	)
Total before tax		(2.0	)		(1.7	)		(9.3	)		(5.0	)
Tax benefit		0.5			0.6			2.3			1.5		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(1.5	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(7.0	)	$	(3.5	)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(1.7	)	$	(0.7	)	$	(6.6	)	$	(2.5	)

15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

~~These~~ AOCI ~~components~~is ~~are~~defined ~~included~~as ~~in the computation of~~ net ~~periodic~~income ~~benefit~~ (~~income~~loss) ~~cost for pension~~ and ~~post-retirement~~other ~~plans~~changes ~~including~~in ~~$3.6~~stockholders’ ~~million~~equity ~~resulting~~ from ~~the~~transactions ~~wind-up of the ACCO Brands Canada Salaried~~ and ~~Hourly~~other ~~pension~~events ~~plans~~from insources ~~the~~other ~~second~~than ~~quarter of 2024~~stockholders. ~~See~~The ~~"Note~~components 5.of, ~~Pension~~ and ~~Other~~changes ~~Retiree~~in, ~~Benefits"~~AOCI ~~for~~were ~~additional~~as ~~details.~~follows:

15. Revenue Recognition


(in millions)	Derivative Financial Instruments			Foreign Currency Adjustments			Unrecognized Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Costs			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	2.1		$	(415.9	)	$	(158.3	)	$	(572.1	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax		(0.4	)		31.4			(3.0	)		28.0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(1.5	)		—			1.5			—
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	0.2		$	(384.5	)	$	(159.8	)	$	(544.1	)

The reclassifications out of AOCI for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025			2024

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Location on Income Statement
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	2.0		$	0.4		Cost of products sold
Tax benefit		(0.5	)		(0.2	)	Income tax (benefit) expense
Net of tax	$	1.5		$	0.2
Defined benefit plan items:
Amortization of net actuarial loss(1)	$	(1.6	)	$	(1.8	)
Amortization of prior service cost(1)		—			—
Total before tax		(1.6	)		(1.8	)
Tax benefit		0.1			0.4		Income tax (benefit) expense
Net of tax	$	(1.5	)	$	(1.4	)

Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	—		$	(1.2	)

(1)

These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit (income) cost for pension and post-retirement plans.

16. Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers in an amount reflective of the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Taxes we collect concurrent with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items incurred that are immaterial in the context of the contract are expensed.

At the inception of each contract, the Company assesses the products and services promised and identifies each distinct performance obligation. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all products and services promised regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or implied within the contract or by standard business practices.22

Freight and distribution activities performed before the customer obtains control of the goods are not considered promised services under customer contracts and therefore are not distinct performance obligations. The Company has chosen to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment activity, and therefore accrues the expense of freight and distribution in "Cost of products sold" when products are shipped.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $2.9 million of unearned revenue associated with outstanding service or extended maintenance agreements ("EMAs"), primarily reported in "Other current liabilities." During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $0.4 million and $2.2 million of the unearned revenue was earned and recognized. As of September 30, 2024, the amount of unearned revenue from EMAs was $3.1 million. We expect to earn and recognize approximately $2.6 million of the unearned amount in the next 12 months and $0.5 million in periods beyond the next 12 months.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~The~~At ~~following~~the ~~tables~~inception ~~present~~of ~~our~~each ~~net~~contract, ~~sales~~the ~~disaggregated~~Company byassesses ~~regional~~the ~~geography,~~products byand ~~reporting~~services ~~business~~promised ~~segments~~ and ~~our~~identifies ~~net~~each ~~sales~~distinct ~~disaggregated~~performance byobligation. To identify the ~~timing~~performance ofobligations, ~~revenue~~the ~~recognition~~Company ~~for~~considers ~~the~~all ~~three~~products and ~~nine~~services ~~months~~promised ~~ended~~regardless ~~September~~of ~~30,~~whether ~~2024~~they ~~and~~are ~~2023:~~explicitly stated or implied within the contract or by standard business practices.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)		2024		2023	2024		2023
United States	$	189.8	$	195.0	$	552.0	$	613.1
Canada		23.7		25.3		71.1		78.6
Latin America		45.6		64.1		125.5		159.1
ACCO Brands Americas		259.1		284.4		748.6		850.8
EMEA(1)		125.5		126.6		370.2		388.1
Australia/N.Z.		28.6		29.7		76.9		82.1
Asia		7.7		7.3		22.4		23.2
ACCO Brands International		161.8		163.6		469.5		493.4
Net sales(2)	$	420.9	$	448.0	$	1,218.1	$	1,344.2

As of December 31, 2024, there was $2.9 million of unearned revenue associated with outstanding service or extended maintenance agreements ("EMAs"), primarily reported in "Other current liabilities." During the three months ended March 31, 2025, $1.2 million of the unearned revenue was earned and recognized. As of March 31, 2025, the amount of unearned revenue from EMAs was $2.8 million. We expect to earn and recognize approximately $2.3 million of the unearned amount in the next 12 months and $0.5 million in periods beyond the next 12 months.

The following tables present our net sales disaggregated by regional geography, based upon our operating segments and our net sales disaggregated by the timing of revenue recognition for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
United States	$	127.8	$	137.3
Canada		14.2		18.2
Latin America		31.9		41.7
ACCO Brands Americas		173.9		197.2

EMEA(1)		112.6		129.2
Australia/N.Z.		23.3		25.1
Asia		7.6		7.4
ACCO Brands International		143.5		161.7
Net sales(2)	$	317.4	$	358.9

(1) EMEA is comprised largely of Europe, but also includes export sales to the Middle East and Africa.

(2) Net sales are attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the selling subsidiaries.

Three months ended September 30,

Nine months ended September 30,

Three months ended March 31,

(in millions)

2025

~~2024~~

2024

~~2023~~

~~2024~~

~~2023~~

Product and services transferred at a point in time

~~416~~309.32

~~439~~348.89

~~1,195.0~~

~~1,313.2~~

Product and services transferred over time

48.62

810.20

~~23.1~~

~~31.0~~

Net sales

~~420~~317.94

~~448~~358.09

~~1,218.1~~

~~1,344.2~~

2623

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1617. Information on ~~Business~~Operating Segments

~~Effective~~The ~~January 1, 2024, the~~ Company ~~reorganized~~has ~~its~~two ~~previously reported North America, EMEA and International~~ operating segments ~~into~~based ~~two~~in ~~operating~~different ~~segments,~~geographic regions: Americas and International. ~~The~~Each ~~Americas~~operating ~~includes~~segment ~~the U.S.~~designs, ~~Canada~~markets, ~~Brazil~~sources, ~~Mexico~~manufactures and ~~Chile,~~sells ~~and~~recognized ~~International includes EMEA~~consumer, ~~Australia,~~technology ~~New Zealand~~ and ~~Asia.~~business ~~The~~branded ~~new~~products ~~organizational~~used ~~structure~~in ~~aligns~~schools, ~~with~~homes, ~~how the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") analyzes~~ and ~~evaluates~~at ~~the Company's performance~~work. ~~This~~Product ~~change~~designs ~~will~~are ~~simplify~~tailored ~~and~~to ~~delayer~~end-user ~~the~~preferences ~~Company's~~in ~~operating~~each ~~structure~~geographic ~~and reduce costs through headcount reductions~~region, ~~supply~~and ~~chain~~where ~~optimization~~possible, ~~global~~leverage ~~footprint~~common ~~rationalization~~engineering, design and ~~better leverage of our~~ sourcing ~~capabilities~~. ~~Prior period results have been reclassified to reflect this change in our operating segments.~~

~~The~~Our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), which is our President and Chief Executive Officer, analyzes and evaluates the Company's ~~two~~financial ~~segments~~results ~~are~~at asthe ~~follows:~~operating segment level to assess performance and allocate resources. This includes net revenue, gross margins, operating income, restructuring expense, components of working capital investments, and other ratio performance metrics. The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM.

~~Operating~~The ~~Segment~~Company's ~~Geography~~two ~~Primary~~operating ~~Brands~~segments ~~Primary~~are ~~Products~~as ~~ACCO~~follows: Brands Americas United States, Canada and Latin America Five Star®, PowerA®, Tilibra®, AT-A-GLANCE®, Kensington®, Quartet®, GBC®, Mead®, Swingline®, Barrilito®, Foroni® and Hilroy® Note taking products, computer and gaming accessories; planners; workspace machines, tools and essentials and dry erase boards and accessories. ACCO Brands International EMEA, Australia/N.Z., and Asia Leitz®, Rapid®, Kensington®, Esselte®, Rexel®, PowerA®, GBC®, NOBO®, Franken®, Derwent®, Marbig®, Artline®* and Spirax®*Australia/N.Z. only Filing and organization products; workspace machines, tools and essentials; computer and gaming accessories; dry erase boards and accessories; and writing and art products.


Operating Segment	Geography	Primary Brands	Primary Products
ACCO Brands Americas	United States, Canada and Latin America	Five Star®, PowerA®, Tilibra®, AT-A-GLANCE®, Kensington®, Quartet®, GBC®, Mead®, Swingline®, Barrilito®, Foroni® and Hilroy®	Note taking products, computer and gaming accessories; planners, workspace machines, tools and essentials; and dry erase boards and accessories.

ACCO Brands International	EMEA, Australia/N.Z., and Asia	Leitz®, Rapid®, Kensington®, Esselte®, Rexel®, PowerA®, GBC®, NOBO®, Franken®, Derwent®, Marbig®, Artline®* and Spirax® *Australia/N.Z. only	Filing and organization products; workspace machines, tools and essentials; computer and gaming accessories; dry erase boards and accessories; and writing and art products.

Customers

We distribute our products through a wide variety of channels to ensure that our products are readily and conveniently available for purchase by consumers and other end-users, wherever they prefer to shop. These channels include mass retailers, e-tailers, ~~technology distributors,~~ discount, drug/grocery and variety chains, warehouse clubs, hardware and specialty stores, independent office product dealers, office superstores, wholesalers, ~~and~~ contract stationers and specialist technology businesses. We also sell directly through e-commerce sites and our direct sales organization.

~~Net sales by reportable business segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:~~24

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2024		2023		2024		2023
ACCO Brands Americas	$	259.1	$	284.4	$	748.6	$	850.8
ACCO Brands International		161.8		163.6		469.5		493.4
Net sales	$	420.9	$	448.0	$	1,218.1	$	1,344.2

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

~~Operating~~The ~~income~~operating ~~(loss)~~results byregularly ~~business~~provided ~~segment~~to the CODM for ~~the~~our ~~three~~operating ~~and~~segments ~~nine~~for the three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024 ~~was~~were as follows:

		Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(in millions)		2024				2023				2024			2023
	ACCO Brands Americas			ACCO Brands International			Total
ACCO Brands Americas		$	25.9			$	33.8			$	(76.7	)	$	106.5
Net sales	$	173.9		$	143.5		$	317.4
ACCO Brands International			9.5				9.4				30.1			26.2
Cost of products sold		120.4			97.4			217.8
Segment operating income (loss)			35.4				43.2				(46.6	)		132.7
Gross profit		53.5			46.1			99.6
Corporate			(9.1	)			(11.0	)			(32.4	)		(35.2	)
Sales and marketing expenses(1)		25.8			22.6			48.4
Operating income (loss)⁽¹⁾			26.3				32.2				(79.0	)		97.5
Administrative expenses(2)		17.7			13.9			31.6
Interest expense			13.7				15.6				40.8			45.0
Restructuring		1.8			0.5			2.3
Interest income			(2.0	)			(1.6	)			(6.1	)		(6.2	)
All other(3)		7.3			4.0			11.3
Non-operating pension expense			0.4				0.2				5.6			0.5
Segment operating income		0.9			5.1			6.0
Other expense (income), net			0.4				(3.6	)			(0.4	)		(2.1	)
Corporate expense								12.7
Income (loss) before income tax		$	13.8			$	21.6			$	(118.9	)	$	60.3
Total consolidated operating loss								(6.7	)
Interest expense (income), net								8.9
Non-operating pension expense								0.5
Other expense, net								0.4
Loss before income tax							$	(16.5	)

Operating income (loss) is defined as i) net sales; ii) less cost of products sold; iii) less selling, general and administrative expenses; iv) less amortization of intangibles; v) less restructuring; and vi) less change in the fair value of contingent consideration.


	For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	ACCO Brands Americas		ACCO Brands International			Total
Net Sales	$	197.2	$	161.7		$	358.9
Cost of products sold		140.9		107.6			248.5
Gross profit		56.3		54.1			110.4

Sales and marketing expenses(1)		27.0		23.5			50.5
Administrative expenses(2)		16.9		13.8			30.7
Restructuring		—		(0.3	)		(0.3	)
All other(3)		6.3		4.3			10.6
Segment operating income		6.1		12.8			18.9
Corporate expense							13.0
Total consolidated operating income							5.9
Interest expense (income), net							11.4
Non-operating pension expense							0.4
Other income, net							(0.6	)
Loss before income tax						$	(5.3	)

(1)

~~17.~~Sales ~~Commitments~~and Marketing consists primarily of advertising, marketing, selling, customer service and ~~Contingencies~~research and development.

(2)

~~Pending~~Admin ~~Litigation~~expense -consists ~~Brazil~~primarily ~~Tax~~of ~~Assessments~~executive, finance, information technology and human resources expenses.

(3)

InAll ~~connection~~other ~~with~~expense ~~our~~primarily ~~May~~consists ~~1, 2012, acquisition~~ of ~~the~~amortization ~~Mead C&OP business, we assumed all~~ of ~~the tax liabilities for the acquired foreign operations including ACCO Brazil~~intangibles. For further information, see "Note 10. Income Taxes - Brazil Tax Assessments" for details on tax assessments issued by the FRD against ACCO Brazil challenging the tax deduction of goodwill from ACCO Brazil's taxable income for the years 2007 through 2010. If the FRD's initial position is ultimately sustained, payment of the amount assessed would materially and adversely affect our cash flow in the year of settlement.

~~Brazil Tax Credits~~25

In May 2021, the Supreme Court of Brazil issued its final ruling in a leading case related to the computation of certain indirect taxes which provides that the indirect tax base should not include the gross amount of the value-added tax known as “ICMS.” The Supreme Court further ruled that taxpayers can recognize future operating credits ("Tax Credits") for excess indirect tax payments from past periods due to the inclusion of ICMS in the indirect tax base to the extent the taxpayer had filed judicial challenges seeking to recover excess tax payments prior to March 15, 2017 and for any excess tax payments made after March 15, 2017.

ACCO Brazil filed legal actions requesting recovery of these excess tax payments by way of future Tax Credits covering various time periods prior to March 15, 2017. All of these cases have been finally decided in a court of law in favor of ACCO Brazil. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, ACCO Brazil completed the necessary administrative steps which allowed it to benefit from additional Tax Credits and record a gain of $1.9 million, which is included in "Other (income) expense, net," on our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The Tax Credits will be utilized against future tax obligations.

Indústria Gráfica Foroni Ltda. ("Foroni"), in years prior to its acquisition by ACCO Brazil, also filed a legal action in Brazil to recover these excess indirect tax payments and this legal action has been finalized. Upon the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, we are required under agreements with the former owners of the Foroni business to remit certain recovered tax credits, less the applicable tax and expenses, to the extent the tax credits relate to a tax period prior to the acquisition date.

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

InThe ~~September~~following oftable ~~2021,~~presents the ~~Supreme~~measure ~~Court~~ of ~~Brazil~~operating ~~issued~~segment ~~its~~assets ~~final~~used ruling in a leading case which provides that corporate income tax (“IRPJ”) and social contribution on net income (“CSLL”) should not be levied on the Special System of Clearance and Custody (“SELIC”) interest rate received by ~~taxpayers on~~ the ~~refund~~Company's ofCODM ~~overpaid taxes~~ as inof ~~our~~March ~~Tax Credits. During the nine months ended September 30~~31, ~~2024,~~2025 ~~ACCO Brazil filed legal actions requesting recovery of these excess tax payments~~ and ~~completed~~December ~~the~~31, ~~necessary administrative steps which allowed it to record an income tax benefit of $2.6 million.~~2024:


(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
ACCO Brands Americas	$	366.6	$	418.0
ACCO Brands International		194.6		201.3
Total segment assets(4)		561.2		619.3
Goodwill		468.7		446.4
Identifiable intangibles, net		713.6		709.6
Property, plant and equipment, net		139.2		137.5
Unallocated assets(5)		385.9		315.6
Total assets	$	2,268.6	$	2,228.4

(4)

Segment assets represent assets that are regularly provided to the CODM and consist of accounts receivable less allowances and inventory.

(5)

Unallocated assets consist primarily of cash, deferred taxes, derivatives, prepaid pension assets, prepaid debt issuances costs and right of use asset, leases.

Capital spend by operating segment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
ACCO Brands Americas	$	3.2	$	10.2
ACCO Brands International		0.9		6.8
Total capital spend	$	4.1	$	17.0

Depreciation expense by operating segment for three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:


(in millions)	March 31, 2025		March 31, 2024
ACCO Brands Americas	$	4.5	$	5.0
ACCO Brands International		2.2		2.4
Total depreciation	$	6.7	$	7.4

Property, plant, and equipment, net by operating segment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
U.S.	$	50.5	$	51.1
Canada		0.8		0.9
Latin America		23.9		22.7
ACCO Brands Americas		75.2		74.7

ACCO Brands EMEA		54.8		53.5
Australia/N.Z.		8.6		8.7
Asia-Pacific		0.6		0.6
ACCO Brands International		64.0		62.8
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	139.2	$	137.5

ACCO Brands Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

18. Commitments and Contingencies

Pending Litigation - Brazil Tax Assessments

In connection with our May 1, 2012, acquisition of the Mead C&OP business, we assumed all of the tax liabilities for the acquired foreign operations including ACCO Brazil. For further information, see "Note 11. Income Taxes - Brazil Tax Assessments" for details on tax assessments issued by the FRD against ACCO Brazil challenging the tax deduction of goodwill from ACCO Brazil's taxable income for the years 2007 through 2010. If the FRD's initial position is ultimately sustained, payment of the amount assessed would materially and adversely affect our cash flow in the year of settlement.

Other Pending Litigation

We are party to various lawsuits and regulatory proceedings, primarily related to alleged patent infringement, as well as other claims incidental to our business. In addition, we may be unaware of third-party claims of intellectual property infringement relating to our technology, brands, or products, and we may face other claims related to business operations. Any litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and might require us to pay monetary damages or enter into costly license agreements. We also may be subject to injunctions against development and sale of certain of our products.

It is the opinion of management that (other than the Brazil Tax Assessments) the ultimate resolution of currently outstanding matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. However, there is no assurance that we will ultimately be successful in our defense of any of these matters or that an adverse outcome in any matter will not affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flow. Further, future claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings could materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

2927

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Introduction

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024 should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of ACCO Brands Corporation and the accompanying notes contained therein.

Overview of the Company

ACCO Brands is a leading global consumer, technology and business branded products company, providing well-known brands and innovative product solutions used in schools, homes and at work. WeThese ~~have~~brands ~~expanded~~include ~~into~~At-A-Glance®, ~~higher~~Barrilito®, ~~growth~~Esselte®, ~~product~~Five ~~categories~~Star®, ~~while~~Foroni®, ~~increasing~~GBC®, ~~our~~Hilroy®, ~~sales~~Kensington®, ~~mix to higher growth channels~~Leitz®, ~~including retail and mass merchants~~Mead®, ~~e-tailers~~PowerA®, ~~and technology specialists. We have an experienced management team with a proven ability to grow brands~~Quartet®, ~~integrate acquisitions~~Rapid®, ~~manage seasonal businesses~~Swingline®, ~~run~~Tilibra® ~~lean organizations~~ and ~~navigate challenging environments~~others. Our products are sold primarily in the U.S., Europe, Australia, Canada, Brazil and Mexico.

~~Effective~~The ~~January 1, 2024, the~~ Company ~~reorganized~~has ~~its previously reported North America, EMEA and International operating segments into~~ two operating segments, Americas and International. ~~Americas~~Each ~~includes the U.S., Canada, Brazil, Mexico and Chile and International includes EMEA, Australia, New Zealand and Asia. This change will simplify and delayer the Company's~~ operating structure and reduce costs through headcount reductions, supply change optimization, global footprint rationalization, and better leverage of our sourcing capabilities. Prior period results have been reclassified to reflect this change in our operating segments. Each business segment designs, markets, sources, manufactures, and sells recognized consumer, technology and business branded products used in schools, homes and at work. Product designs are tailored to end-user preferences in each geographic region, and where possible, leverage common engineering, design, and sourcing.

Our product categories include gaming and computer accessories; storage and organization; notebooks; shredding; laminating and binding machines; stapling; punching; planners; dry erase boards; and do-it-yourself tools, among others. We distribute our products through a wide variety of channels to ensure that our products are readily and conveniently available for purchase by consumers and other end-users, wherever they prefer to shop. These channels include mass retailers, e-tailers, technology distributors, discount, drug/grocery and variety chains, warehouse clubs, hardware and specialty stores, independent office product dealers, office superstores, wholesalers, and contract stationers. We also sell directly through e-commerce sites and our direct sales organization.

Overview of Performance

The Company continues to be impacted by softer global demand, reflecting lower consumer and office spending due to the weak macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical ~~uncertainties~~instability. We expect these collective global trends to continue to impact our financial results.

During the ~~third~~first quarter, our net sales decreased $2741.15 million, or 611.06 percent, compared to the prior year's ~~third~~first quarter. The decrease is due to lower ~~back-to-school purchases by our customers in Latin America and North America. Additionally,~~ global demand ~~was weaker~~ for certain office related products and gaming accessories. These declines were partially offset by growth in ~~the~~computer ~~technology~~ accessories ~~categories~~. Gross margin increased 2060 basis points ~~compared~~reflecting toa ~~the~~favorable ~~prior-year~~sales ~~period~~mix ~~primarily~~and ~~due to the impact of~~ cost ~~reduction~~savings ~~actions,~~from ~~partly~~our ~~offset~~global byfootprint ~~the~~rationalization ~~impact of volume declines~~program.

We reported an operating ~~income~~loss of $266.37 million in the ~~third~~first quarter, compared to operating income of $325.29 million in the prior year's ~~third~~first quarter. The decline in operating results was primarily due to lower sales volume and higher restructuring expense.

30Our operating cash flow for the first three months was cash provided of $5.5 million compared to cash provided of $28.2 million in the prior year primarily reflecting reductions in working capital. Our operating cash flow continues to be seasonal with a historic pattern of strong inflows during the second half of the year.

Our operating cash flow for the first nine months was cash provided of $95.5 million compared to cash provided of $70.7 million in the prior year primarily reflecting reductions in working capital. Our operating cash flow continues to be seasonal with a historic pattern of strong inflows during the second half of the year.28

Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three ~~and Nine~~ Months Ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

	Three Months EndedSeptember 30,				Amount of Change				Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,		Amount of Change
		Three Months EndedMarch 31,				Amount of Change
(in millions, except per share data)	~~2024~~	2025	~~2023~~	2024	$	$	~~%/pts~~	%/pts	~~2024~~	~~2023~~	$	~~%/pts~~
Net sales	~~$420.9~~	$317.4	~~$448.0~~	$358.9	~~$(27.1)~~	$(41.5)	~~(6.0)%~~	(11.6)%	~~$1,218.1~~	~~$1,344.2~~	~~$(126.1)~~	~~(9.4)%~~
Cost of products sold	284.0		303.2		(19.2)		(6.3)%		818.2	915.9	(97.7)	(10.7)%
Comparable sales (Non-GAAP)(1)		$329.1		$358.9		$(29.8)		(8.3)%
Gross profit	~~136.9~~	99.6	~~144.8~~	110.4	~~(7.9)~~	(10.8)	~~(5.5)%~~	(9.8)%	~~399.9~~	~~428.3~~	~~(28.4)~~	~~(6.6)%~~
Gross profit margin	~~32.5 %~~	31.4 %	~~32.3 %~~	30.8 %			~~0.2~~	~~pts~~	~~32.8 %~~	~~31.9 %~~		~~0.9~~	~~pts~~
Selling, general and administrative expenses	~~92.2~~	92.7	~~98.8~~	94.2	~~(6.6)~~	(1.5)	~~(6.7)%~~	(1.6)%	~~274.4~~	~~291.8~~	~~(17.4)~~	~~(6.0)%~~
SG&A% to net sales	21.9 %		22.1 %				(0.2)	pts	22.5 %	21.7 %		0.8	pts
Intangible amortization and other operating expense		13.6		10.3		3.3		32.0 %
Amortization of intangibles	11.7		10.8		0.9		8.3 %		33.2	32.7	0.5	1.5 %
Operating (loss) income		(6.7)		5.9		(12.6)		NM
Restructuring	6.7		3.0		3.7		123.3 %		6.1	6.3	(0.2)	(3.2)%
Operating (loss) income margin		(2.1)%		1.6 %
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	—		—		—		NM		165.2	—	165.2	NM
Interest expense, net		8.9		11.4		(2.5)		(21.9)%
Operating income (loss)	26.3		32.2		(5.9)		(18.3)%		(79.0)	97.5	(176.5)	NM
Non-operating pension and other expense, net		0.9		(0.2)		1.1		NM
Operating income margin	6.2 %		7.2 %				(1.0)	pts	(6.5)%	7.3 %		(13.8)	pts
Loss before income tax		(16.5)		(5.3)		(11.2)		NM
Interest expense	13.7		15.6		(1.9)		(12.2)%		40.8	45.0	(4.2)	(9.3)%
Income tax (benefit) expense		(3.3)		1.0		(4.3)		NM
Interest income	(2.0)		(1.6)		(0.4)		25.0 %		(6.1)	(6.2)	0.1	(1.6)%
Effective tax rate		20.0 %		(18.9)%
Non-operating pension expense	0.4		0.2		0.2		100.0 %		5.6	0.5	5.1	NM
Net loss		(13.2)		(6.3)		(6.9)		109.5 %
Other expense (income), net	0.4		(3.6)		4.0		(111.1)%		(0.4)	(2.1)	1.7	(81.0)%
Diluted loss per share		$(0.14)		$(0.07)		$(0.07)		100.0 %
Income (loss) before income tax	13.8		21.6		(7.8)		(36.1)%		(118.9)	60.3	(179.2)	NM
Income tax expense	4.5		6.7		(2.2)		(32.8)%		3.3	22.7	(19.4)	(85.5)%
Effective tax rate	32.6 %		31.0 %				1.6		(2.8)%	37.6 %		(40.4)	pts
Net income (loss)	9.3		14.9		(5.6)		(37.6)%		(122.2)	37.6	(159.8)	NM
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding:	97.5		96.7		0.8		0.8 %		96.2	96.8	(0.6)	(0.6)%
Diluted income (loss) per share	$0.09		$0.15		$(0.06)		(40.0)%		$(1.27)	$0.39	$(1.66)	NM
Comparable sales (Non-GAAP)(1)	$425.3		$448.0		$(22.7)		(5.0)%		$1,225.5	$1,344.2	$(118.7)	(8.8)%

(1)

See reconciliation to GAAP contained in Part I, Item 2. "Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measure."

Net Sales

For the three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, net sales decreased $2741.15 million, or 611.06 percent, including $411.47 million, or 13.03 percent, from adverse foreign exchange. Comparable net sales decreased 58.03 percent. The reported sales decline was driven by lower volume, which was down 4$30.71 million, or 8.4 percent, primarily due to lower ~~back-to-school sales in Latin America and North America. Additionally,~~ global demand ~~was weaker~~ for certain office related products. ~~These~~and ~~declines~~gaming ~~were~~accessories, ~~partially~~partly offset by growth in ~~the~~computer ~~technology~~ accessories ~~categories~~. ~~The exit of lower margin business in North America accounted for approximately 2.0 percent of the decline.~~

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net sales decreased $126.1 million, or 9.4 percent, including $7.4 million, or 0.6 percent, from adverse foreign exchange. Comparable net sales decreased 8.8 percent. The sales decline was driven by lower volume, which was down 8.5 percent, primarily due to softer global business and consumer demand for certain product categories, and from the exit of lower margin business in North America which accounted for approximately 3.0 percent of the decline.

Gross Profit

For the three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, gross profit decreased $710.98 million, or 59.58 percent, primarily due to volume declines partly offset by improved product mix and savings from the impact of our global cost reduction actions. Adverse foreign exchange reduced gross profit by $13.46 million, or 13.03 percent.

~~For the nine months ended September 30~~Selling, ~~2024,~~General ~~gross profit decreased $28.4 million, or 6.6 percent, primarily due to volume declines partly offset by the impact of global cost reduction actions~~ and ~~improved~~Administrative ~~product~~Expenses ~~mix. Adverse foreign exchange reduced gross profit by $2.0 million, or 0.5 percent.~~("SG&A")

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, SG&A decreased $1.5 million, or 1.6 percent. The decrease was due to favorable foreign exchange which reduced SG&A by $2.3 million, or 2.4 percent, as well as the positive impact of global cost reductions, offset by people costs.

~~Selling,~~Operating ~~General~~(Loss) ~~and Administrative Expenses~~Income

~~Selling,~~For ~~general~~the ~~and~~three ~~administrative~~months ~~expenses~~ended ~~("SG&A")~~March ~~include advertising~~31, ~~marketing~~2025, ~~selling~~we ~~(including~~reported ~~commissions),~~an ~~research~~operating ~~and~~loss ~~development,~~of ~~customer~~$6.7 ~~service~~million, ~~depreciation~~compared ~~related~~ to ~~assets~~operating ~~outside~~income ~~the~~of ~~manufacturing~~$5.9 ~~and~~million ~~distribution~~in ~~processes~~the prior year, ~~and~~primarily ~~all~~due ~~other~~to ~~general~~the impact of lower sales volume and ~~administrative~~higher ~~expenses~~restructuring ~~outside~~costs ~~the~~partly ~~manufacturing~~offset by lower SG&A expense and ~~distribution~~positive ~~functions~~sales (emix.~~g.,~~ ~~finance,~~Adverse ~~human~~foreign ~~resources~~exchange increased operating loss by $1.0 million, ~~information~~or ~~technology)~~16.9 percent.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, SG&A decreased $6.6 million, or 6.7 percent, primarily due to the impact of global cost reduction actions and lower incentive compensation expense, partly offset by people cost inflation. Favorable foreign exchange reduced SG&A by $0.7 million, or 0.7 percent.29

~~For~~Interest ~~the nine months ended September 30~~Expense, 2024, SG&A decreased $17.4 million, or 6.0 percent, primarily due to the impact of global cost reduction actions and lower incentive compensation expense, partly offset by people cost inflation. Favorable foreign exchange reduced SG&A by $1.0 million, or 0.3 percent.Net

~~Operating~~For ~~Income~~the ~~(Loss)~~three months ended March 31, 2025, interest expense, net decreased $2.5 million, or 21.9 percent, primarily due to lower variable interest rates on lower variable debt balances versus the prior year. The weighted average interest rate on $361.5 million of outstanding variable rate debt as of March 31, 2025 decreased to 4.73 percent from 6.26 percent in the prior year.

~~For~~Income ~~the~~Tax ~~three~~(Benefit) months ended September 30, 2024, we reported operating income of $26.3 million, a decrease of $5.9 million, primarily due to the impact of lower sales volume and higher restructuring expense, partly offset by lower SG&A expense.Expense

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, we ~~reported~~recorded an ~~operating~~income ~~loss~~tax ofbenefit ~~$79.0 million, a decrease~~ of $~~176~~3.53 million, ~~primarily~~on ~~due~~a toloss ~~non-cash~~before ~~impairment~~taxes ~~charges~~ of $~~165~~16.25 million. ~~related~~For tothe ~~goodwill~~three ~~and~~months anended ~~indefinite-lived~~March ~~trade~~31, ~~name~~2024, ~~within~~we ~~our~~recorded ~~Americas~~income ~~reporting~~tax ~~unit.~~expense ~~In addition, the impact~~ of ~~lower~~$1.0 ~~sales~~million ~~volume~~on ~~more~~a ~~than~~loss ~~offset~~before ~~moderating~~taxes ~~product~~of ~~costs~~$5.3 ~~and lower SG&A expense~~million.

See "Note 11. Income ~~Tax~~Taxes" ~~Expense~~for more information.

~~For~~Segment ~~the~~Net ~~three~~Sales ~~months~~and ~~ended~~Operating ~~September~~Income ~~30, 2024, we recorded income tax expense of $4.5 million on income before taxes of $13.8 million. This compared with an income tax expense of $6.7 million on income before taxes of $21.6 million~~ for the ~~three~~Three ~~months~~Months ~~ended~~Ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2023.~~2025 and 2024

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recorded income tax expense of $3.3 million on a loss before taxes of $118.9 million. This compared with an income tax expense of $22.7 million on income before taxes of $60.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

See "Note 10. Income Taxes" for more information.

Net Income (Loss)/Diluted Income (Loss) per Share

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net income was $9.3 million compared to net income of $14.9 million in the prior year. The decrease was due to lower operating income as noted above.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net loss was $122.2 million compared to a net income of $37.6 million in the prior year. The net loss was primarily due to the non-cash impairment charges related to goodwill and an indefinite-lived trade name.

Segment Net Sales and Operating Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

ACCO Brands Americas

	Three Months EndedSeptember 30,				Amount of Change				Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,		Amount of Change
		Three Months EndedMarch 31,				Amount of Change
(in millions)	~~2024~~	2025	~~2023~~	2024	$	$	~~%/pts~~	%/pts	~~2024~~	~~2023~~	$	~~%/pts~~
Net sales	~~$259.1~~	$173.9	~~$284.4~~	$197.2	~~$(25.3)~~	$(23.3)	~~(8.9)%~~	(11.8)%	~~$748.6~~	~~$850.8~~	~~$(102.2)~~	~~(12.0)%~~
Segment operating income (loss)⁽¹⁾	25.9		33.8		(7.9)		(23.4)%		(76.7)	106.5	(183.2)	NM
Comparable sales (Non-GAAP)⁽¹⁾		$180.9		$197.2		$(16.3)		(8.3)%
Segment operating income (loss) margin	10.0 %		11.9 %				(1.9)	pts	(10.2)%	12.5 %		(22.7)	pts
Segment operating income⁽²⁾		0.9		6.1		(5.2)		(85.2)%
Comparable sales (Non-GAAP)⁽²⁾	$265.5		$284.4		$(18.9)		(6.6)%		$754.1	$850.8	$(96.7)	(11.4)%
Segment operating income margin		0.5 %		3.1 %

(1)

Segment operating income (loss) excludes corporate costs. See "Part I, Item 1. Note 16. Information on Business Segments" for a reconciliation of total "Segment operating income (loss)" to "Income (loss) before income tax."

See reconciliation to GAAP contained in Part I, Item 2. "Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measure."

(2)

~~For~~Segment ~~the~~operating ~~three~~income ~~months~~excludes ~~ended~~corporate ~~September 30, 2024, net sales decreased $25~~costs.3 ~~million,~~See or"Part ~~8.9 percent~~I, asItem ~~a result of lower volume of $15.3 million, or 5.4 percent, and price decreases which reduced sales by $3.6 million, or~~ 1.3 ~~percent.~~Note ~~The volume decline was primarily due to moderating demand trends in Latin America and lower replenishment for back-to-school products in North America~~17. ~~The~~Information ~~exit~~on ofOperating ~~lower~~Segments" ~~margin business in North America accounted~~ for ~~approximately~~a ~~3.0~~reconciliation ~~percent~~ of ~~the~~total ~~decline.~~"Segment ~~These~~operating ~~declines~~income" ~~were~~to ~~partially~~"Loss ~~offset~~before byincome ~~growth in technology accessories~~tax. ~~Adverse foreign exchange reduced net sales $6.4 million, or 2.3 percent.~~"

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, net sales decreased $~~102~~23.23 million, or 1211.08 percent, asincluding ~~a result of lower volume of~~ $847.0 million, or 93.95 percent, ~~and~~from ~~price~~adverse ~~decreases~~foreign ~~which~~exchange. ~~reduced~~Comparable net sales bydecreased ~~$12~~8.73 ~~million, or 1.5~~ percent. The ~~volume~~reported sales decline was ~~primarily~~driven ~~due~~by tolower ~~softer~~volume, ~~business~~which ~~and~~was ~~consumer~~down ~~demand~~$13.5 ~~for~~million, ~~our~~or ~~office~~6.8 ~~products~~percent, ~~and~~primarily ~~from~~due ~~the~~to ~~exit of~~ lower ~~margin~~demand ~~business~~for intechnology ~~North~~accessories ~~America,~~and ~~which~~certain ~~accounted~~consumer ~~for~~and ~~approximately~~business 4products.0 ~~percent.~~Price ~~Adverse~~decreases ~~foreign~~of ~~exchange reduced net sales~~ $52.57 million, or 01.64 percent also contributed to the decline.

For the three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, we reported operating income of $250.9 million, a decrease of $75.92 million, primarily due to the impact of lower sales volume and $31.48 million of ~~higher~~ restructuring expense, ~~partly~~in ~~offset~~the bycurrent ~~lower~~year ~~SG&A expense as a result of our cost reduction initiatives and reduced incentive compensation~~period. Adverse foreign exchange reduced operating income $0.6 million, or 19.8 percent.

~~For the nine months ended September~~ 30, 2024, we reported an operating loss of $76.7 million, a decrease of $183.2 million, primarily due to the non-cash impairment charges totaling $165.2 million related to goodwill and an indefinite-lived trade name. The remaining change in operating results was from the impact of lower sales volume and $3.2 million of higher net restructuring expense, partly offset by moderating product costs and lower SG&A expense as a result of our cost reduction initiatives and reduced incentive compensation. Adverse foreign exchange increased operating loss $0.2 million, or 0.2 percent.

ACCO Brands International

	Three Months EndedSeptember 30,								Amount of Change								Nine Months EndedSeptember 30,						Amount of Change
		Three Months EndedMarch 31,								Amount of Change
(in millions)	~~2024~~	2025			~~2023~~	2024			$	$			~~%/pts~~	%/pts			~~2024~~			~~2023~~			$			~~%/pts~~
Net sales	$	~~161.8~~$	143.5		$	~~163.6~~$	161.7		$	~~(1.8~~$	)(18.2	)		~~(1.1~~	)%(11.3	)%	$	~~469.5~~		$	~~493.4~~		$	~~(23.9~~	)		~~(4.8~~	)%
Segment operating income⁽¹⁾		9.5				9.4				0.1				1.1	%			30.1			26.2			3.9			14.9	%
Comparable sales (Non-GAAP)⁽¹⁾		$	148.2			$	161.7			$	(13.5	)			(8.4	)%
Segment operating income margin		5.9	%			5.7	%							0.2		pts		6.4	%		5.3	%					1.1		pts
Segment operating income⁽²⁾			5.1				12.8				(7.7	)			(60.2	)%
Comparable sales (Non-GAAP)⁽²⁾	$	159.8			$	163.6			$	(3.8	)			(2.3	)%		$	471.4		$	493.4		$	(22.0	)		(4.4	)%
Segment operating income margin			3.6	%			7.9	%

(1)

Segment operating income excludes corporate costs. See "Part I, Item 1. Note 16. Information on Business Segments" for a reconciliation of total "Segment operating income (loss)" to "Income (loss) before income tax."

See reconciliation to GAAP contained in Part I, Item 2. "Supplemental Non-GAAP Financial Measure."

(2)

~~For~~Segment ~~the~~operating ~~three~~income ~~months~~excludes ~~ended~~corporate ~~September 30, 2024, net sales decreased $1~~costs.8 ~~million,~~See or"Part ~~1.1 percent~~I, ~~primarily~~Item ~~due to lower volume of $5.6 million, or 3.4 percent, partly offset by price increases which added $~~1.8 ~~million,~~Note ~~or 1~~17.1 ~~percent.~~Information ~~The~~on ~~lower~~Operating ~~volume~~Segments" ~~reflects reduced business and consumer demand~~ for ~~our~~a ~~office~~reconciliation ~~products,~~of ~~partially~~total ~~offset~~"Segment byoperating ~~growth~~income" into ~~technology~~"Loss ~~accessories.~~before ~~Favorable~~income ~~foreign exchange increased net sales $2~~tax.~~0 million, or 1.2 percent.~~"

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, net sales decreased 11.3 percent, including $234.97 million, or 42.89 percent, ~~primarily~~from ~~due~~adverse toforeign ~~lower~~exchange. ~~volume~~Comparable ofnet ~~$30.7~~sales ~~million,~~decreased ~~or 6~~8.24 percent,. ~~partly~~The ~~offset~~reported sales decline was driven by ~~price~~lower ~~increases~~volume, which ~~added~~was down $816.76 million, or 110.83 percent., ~~The~~primarily ~~lower~~due ~~volume~~to ~~reflects~~ reduced business and consumer demand for ~~our~~ office products, ~~partially~~partly offset by growth in technology accessories. ~~Adverse~~and ~~foreign~~the ~~exchange~~benefit ~~reduced~~of ~~net~~price ~~sales~~increases of $13.90 million, or 01.49 percent.

For the three months ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, operating income ~~increased~~decreased $07.17 million primarily due to ~~the~~lower ~~cumulative~~sales ~~benefit~~volume, ofpartly ~~cost~~offset ~~reduction~~by ~~actions~~cost ~~offsetting~~savings ~~the~~and ~~impact~~pricing ~~of lower volume~~actions. ~~Favorable~~Adverse foreign exchange ~~increased~~reduced operating income $0.24 million, or 23.1 percent.

~~For~~Impact ~~the nine months ended September 30, 2024, operating income increased $3.9 million primarily due to lower restructuring expense~~ and ~~the~~Potential ~~cumulative~~Impact ~~benefit~~ of ~~cost reduction actions offsetting the impact of lower volume. Adverse foreign exchange reduced operating income $0.5 million, or 1.9 percent.~~Tariffs

During the first quarter of 2025, the impact of the new U.S. and reciprocal tariffs on our business was not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. We expect the environment to remain uncertain throughout 2025 until there is greater clarity on the tariffs and business and consumer demand. In reaction to the evolving tariff landscape, we have initiated a number of actions:

•

Implementing price increases,

•

In the near term, investing in inventory arriving from countries with lower tariffs,

•

Moving sourcing of our U.S. products to countries where we believe tariffs will be lower over the long term,

•

Evaluating our own manufacturing facilities to utilize existing capacity where it makes economic sense, and

•

Expanding our SKU rationalization in the U.S. and offering our customers item substitutions for high-cost products.

For further information on our risks related to the impact of tariffs, see "Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary liquidity needs are to support our working capital requirements, service indebtedness and fund capital expenditures, dividends, stock repurchases and ~~dividends~~acquisitions. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows from operating activities, cash and cash equivalents held, and seasonal borrowings under our $~~600~~467.5 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Facility"). As of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, there was $22221.54 million in borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Facility ($1718.05 million reported in "Current portion of long-term debt" and $5202.59 million reported in "Long-term debt, net"), and the amount available for borrowings was $~~569~~235.09 million (allowing for $810.52 million of letters of credit outstanding on that date). We had $~~102~~134.06 million in cash on hand. Weas ~~maintain~~of ~~adequate~~March ~~financing~~31, ~~arrangements at market rates~~2025.

As of ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024~~2025, our Consolidated Leverage Ratio was approximately 3.5065 to 1.00 versus our maximum covenant of 4.0050 to 1.00. We had no debt maturities before March ~~2026~~2029.

Our priorities for cash flow use, after funding business operations, include debt reduction, dividends, share repurchases and funding strategic acquisitions.

The $~~339~~361.45 million of debt currently outstanding ~~as of September 30, 2024~~ under our senior secured credit facilities had a weighted average interest rate of 64.7273 percent as of March 31, 2025, and the $575.0 million outstanding principal amount of our senior unsecured notes due March 2029 had a fixed interest rate of 4.25 percent.

OnBecause ~~October~~of ~~30, 2024,~~ the ~~Company~~seasonality ~~entered~~of ~~into~~our abusiness, ~~seventh~~generally ~~amendment~~our tooperating ~~the~~cash ~~Credit~~flow ~~Agreement~~is togenerated ~~extend~~in the ~~maturity~~second half of the ~~credit~~year, ~~facility~~as tothe ~~October~~cash ~~30,~~inflows ~~2029.~~in ~~The~~the ~~Company~~first ~~repaid~~and insecond ~~full~~quarters ~~the~~are ~~outstanding~~consumed ~~USD~~building ~~Senior~~working ~~Secured~~capital ~~Term~~and ~~Loan~~making A,our ~~the~~annual ~~Australian~~performance-based ~~Dollar~~compensation ~~Senior~~payments ~~Secured~~when ~~Term~~earned. ~~Loan~~Our Athird and ~~part~~fourth ofquarter ~~the~~cash ~~outstanding~~flows ~~Euro~~come ~~Senior~~from ~~Secured~~completing ~~Term~~the ~~Loan~~working Acapital ~~by borrowing~~ cycle.

under the Revolving Facility. After giving effect to the seventh amendment, the current Revolving Facility provides for outstanding borrowings not to exceed $467.5 million. See "Note 3. Long-term Debt and Short-term Borrowings" for more information.

Adequacy of Liquidity Sources

We believe that cash flow from operations, our current cash balance and other sources of liquidity, including borrowings available under our Revolving Facility, will be adequate to support our requirements for working capital and restructuring expenditures, and to service indebtedness for the foreseeable future.

Restructuring Activities

~~From~~The ~~time to time the~~ Company may implement restructuring, realignment or cost-reduction plans and activities, including those related to integrating acquired businesses.

~~For~~In ~~additional~~January ~~details~~2024, ~~see~~the ~~"Note~~Company 9announced a multi-year restructuring and cost savings program, with currently anticipated annualized pre-tax cost savings of approximately $100.0 ~~Restructuring"~~million by the end of 2026. The program incorporates initiatives to simplify and delayer the ~~condensed~~Company's ~~consolidated~~operating ~~financial~~structure ~~statements~~and ~~contained~~reduce incosts ~~"Part~~through Iheadcount reductions, ~~Item~~supply 1.chain ~~Financial~~optimization, ~~Information"~~global offootprint ~~this~~rationalization, ~~Quarterly~~and ~~Report~~better onleveraging ~~Form~~the ~~10-Q~~Company's sourcing capabilities.

~~Cash~~For ~~Flow~~additional ~~for~~details, see "Note 10. Restructuring" to the ~~Nine~~condensed ~~Months~~consolidated ~~Ended~~financial ~~September~~statements 30contained in "Part I, ~~2024~~Item ~~and~~1. ~~2023~~Financial Information" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

~~During~~Cash Flow for the ~~nine~~Three ~~months~~Months ~~ended~~Ended ~~September~~March 3031, ~~2024,~~2025 ~~our cash~~ and cash equivalents increased $35.6 million, as compared to an increase of $11.5 million in the first nine months of the prior year. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:2024

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2024			2023			Amount of Change
Net cash flow provided by:
Operating activities	$	95.5		$	70.7		$	24.8
Investing activities		(8.5	)		(7.5	)		(1.0	)
Net (repayments) borrowings		(13.6	)		(30.8	)		17.2
Dividends paid		(21.5	)		(21.4	)		(0.1	)
All other financing		(14.4	)		(1.7	)		(12.7	)
Financing activities		(49.5	)		(53.9	)		4.4
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(1.9	)		2.2			(4.1	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	35.6		$	11.5		$	24.1

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents increased $60.5 million, as compared to an increase of $58.2 million in the first three months of the prior year. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025			2024			Amount of Change
Net cash flow provided (used) by:
Operating activities	$	5.5		$	28.2		$	(22.7	)
Investing activities		(12.3	)		(2.3	)		(10.0	)

Net borrowings		86.6			42.3			44.3
Dividends paid

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