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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to ______________

Commission File Number: 001-40602

ERASCA, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware	83-1217027
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3115 Merryfield Row, Suite 300 San Diego, CA	92121
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 465-6511

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

     Title of each class

     Trading
Symbol(s)

     Name of each exchange on which registered

     Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share

     ERAS

     Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of May 6, 2025, the registrant had 283,287,382 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	33
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
Signatures		35

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Erasca, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and par value amounts)

(Unaudited)


	March 31,			December 31,
	2025			2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	70,482		$	67,739
Short-term marketable securities		234,103			230,570
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		10,032			10,484
Total current assets		314,617			308,793
Long-term marketable securities		106,492			142,164
Property and equipment, net		15,587			16,321
Operating lease assets		31,525			32,218
Restricted cash		408			408
Other assets		2,615			2,622
Total assets	$	471,244		$	502,526
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,262		$	468
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		18,418			26,308
Operating lease liabilities		4,791			4,619
Total current liabilities		25,471			31,395
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		46,020			47,270
Other liabilities		251			362
Total liabilities		71,742			79,027
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024		—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 283,265,716 and 283,218,344 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		28			28
Additional paid-in capital		1,197,475			1,190,729
Accumulated other comprehensive income		628			405
Accumulated deficit		(798,629	)		(767,663	)
Total stockholders' equity		399,502			423,499
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	471,244		$	502,526

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Erasca, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	25,969		$	28,574
General and administrative		9,661			10,277
Total operating expenses		35,630			38,851
Loss from operations		(35,630	)		(38,851	)
Other income (expense)
Interest income		4,740			3,900
Other expense, net		(76	)		(66	)
Total other income (expense), net		4,664			3,834
Net loss	$	(30,966	)	$	(35,017	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.23	)
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		283,260,289			151,161,741
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net		223			(287	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(30,743	)	$	(35,304	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Erasca, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


							Accumulated
					Additional		Other					Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated			Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2024		283,218,344	$	28	$	1,190,729	$	405	$	(767,663	)	$	423,499
Exercise of stock options		47,372		—		33		—		—			33
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		6,713		—		—			6,713
Net loss		—		—		—		—		(30,966	)		(30,966	)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net		—		—		—		223		—			223
Balance at March 31, 2025		283,265,716	$	28	$	1,197,475	$	628	$	(798,629	)	$	399,502


							Accumulated
					Additional		Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Comprehensive			Accumulated			Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)			Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023		151,462,103	$	15	$	922,607	$	77		$	(606,013	)	$	316,686
Exercise of stock options		35,035		—		24		—			—			24
Vesting of early exercised stock options		—		—		155		—			—			155
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		6,848		—			—			6,848
Net loss		—		—		—		—			(35,017	)		(35,017	)
Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net		—		—		—		(287	)		—			(287	)
Balance at March 31, 2024		151,497,138	$	15	$	929,634	$	(210	)	$	(641,030	)	$	288,409

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Erasca, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(30,966	)	$	(35,017	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		822			998
Stock-based compensation expense		6,713			6,848
Accretion on marketable securities, net		(1,986	)		(2,342	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current and long-term assets		459			(507	)
Accounts payable		1,794			633
Accrued expenses and other current and long-term liabilities		(8,006	)		(3,626	)
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net		(385	)		(238	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(31,555	)		(33,251	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities		(10,652	)		(43,987	)
Maturities of marketable securities		45,000			54,000
Purchases of property and equipment		(83	)		(42	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		34,265			9,971

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from prepayment of private placement		—			6,907
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		33			24
Net cash provided by financing activities		33			6,931

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		2,743			(16,349	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period		68,147			93,483
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	70,890		$	77,134

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Amounts accrued for offering costs	$	—		$	178
Vesting of early exercised options	$	—		$	155

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Erasca, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and basis of presentation

Organization and nature of operations

Erasca, Inc. (Erasca or the Company) is a clinical-stage precision oncology company singularly focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing therapies for patients with RAS/MAPK pathway-driven cancers. The Company has assembled a RAS/MAPK pathway-focused pipeline comprising modality-agnostic programs aligned with its three therapeutic strategies of: (1) targeting key upstream and downstream signaling nodes in the RAS/MAPK pathway; (2) targeting RAS directly; and (3) targeting escape routes that emerge in response to treatment. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on July 2, 2018, as Erasca, Inc., and is headquartered in San Diego, California. In September 2020, the Company established a wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Erasca Australia Pty Ltd (Erasca Australia), in order to conduct clinical activities in Australia for its development candidates. In November 2020, the Company entered into an agreement and plan of merger with Asana BioSciences, LLC (Asana) and ASN Product Development, Inc. (ASN) (the Asana Merger Agreement), pursuant to which ASN became the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary. In March 2021, the Company established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Erasca Ventures, LLC (Erasca Ventures), to make equity investments in early-stage biotechnology companies that are aligned with the Company’s mission and strategy.

Since inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts and resources to organizing and staffing the Company, business planning, raising capital, identifying, acquiring and in-licensing the Company’s product candidates, establishing its intellectual property portfolio, conducting research, preclinical studies, and clinical trials, establishing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of its product candidates and related raw materials, and providing general and administrative support for these operations. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $304.6 million in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities and $106.5 million in long-term marketable securities. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $798.6 million. The Company has incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations. From its inception through March 31, 2025, the Company’s financial support has primarily been provided from the sale of its convertible preferred stock and the sale of its common stock in its initial public offering (IPO), underwritten offerings, a private placement of common stock, and an "at the market" offering (ATM Offering).

The Company expects to use its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities to fund research and development, working capital, and other general corporate purposes. The Company does not expect to generate any revenues from product sales unless and until the Company successfully completes development and obtains regulatory approval for any of its product candidates, which will not be for at least the next several years, if ever. Accordingly, until such time as the Company can generate significant revenue from sales of its product candidates, if ever, the Company expects to finance its cash needs through equity offerings, debt financings, or other capital sources, including potential collaborations, licenses or other similar arrangements. However, the Company may not be able to secure additional financing or enter into such other arrangements in a timely manner or on favorable terms, if at all. The Company’s failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements when needed would have a negative impact on the Company’s financial condition and could force the Company to delay, limit, reduce or terminate its research and development programs or other operations, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that the Company would otherwise prefer to develop and market itself. The Company believes its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as of March 31, 2025 will be sufficient for the Company to fund operations for at least one year from the issuance date of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) for interim financial information and pursuant to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to US GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) and Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Erasca Australia, ASN, and Erasca Ventures. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Use of estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and management judgments reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual of research and development expenses, stock-based compensation expense, the fair value of long-lived assets, the fair value of equity investments and the incremental borrowing rate for determining the operating lease asset and liability. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Although estimates are based on the Company’s historical experience, knowledge of current events, and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Unaudited interim financial information

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2025 and the condensed consolidated results of its operations and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The condensed consolidated financial data and other information disclosed in these notes related to the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 20, 2025.

Concentration of credit risk and off-balance sheet risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts, and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held. The Company’s investment policy includes guidelines for the quality of the related institutions and financial instruments and defines allowable investments that the Company may invest in, which the Company believes minimizes the exposure to concentration of credit risk.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in readily available checking and savings accounts and money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

The Company had deposited cash of $408,000 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 to secure a letter of credit in connection with the lease of the Company’s facilities (see Note 10). The Company has classified the restricted cash as a noncurrent asset on its condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):


	March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	70,482	$	76,726
Restricted cash		408		408
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	70,890	$	77,134

Marketable securities and investments

The Company classifies all marketable securities as available-for-sale, as the sale of such securities may be required prior to maturity. Management determines the appropriate classification of its marketable securities at the time of purchase. Marketable securities with original maturities beyond three months at the date of purchase and which mature at, or less than 12 months from, the balance sheet date are classified as short-term marketable securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion are included in interest income. The Company regularly reviews all of its marketable securities for declines in fair value. The review includes the consideration of the cause of the impairment, including the creditworthiness of the security issuers, the number of securities in an unrealized loss position, the severity of the unrealized loss(es), whether the Company has the intent to sell the securities and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis. If the decline in fair value is due to credit-related factors, a loss is recognized in net income; whereas, if the decline in fair value is not due to credit-related factors, the loss is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in other income or expense. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income.

Accrued interest related to the Company's available-for-sale securities is presented within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. For purposes of identifying and measuring credit-related impairments, the Company’s policy is to exclude applicable accrued interest from both the fair value and the amortized cost basis of available-for-sale securities and to not measure an allowance for credit loss for accrued interest. The Company has elected to write-off any uncollectible accrued interest as a reversal of interest income in a timely manner, which the Company considers to be in the period in which it determines the accrued interest will not be collected by the Company. To date, the Company has not written off any accrued interest associated with its available-for-sale securities.

Through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Erasca Ventures, the Company has also invested in equity securities of companies whose securities are not publicly traded and whose fair value is not readily available (see Note 3). These investments are recorded using cost minus impairment, plus or minus changes in their estimated fair values resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values are assessed for potential impairment on a quarterly basis based on qualitative factors. These investments are included in other assets in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Fair value measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under US GAAP. Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3—Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies that the Company adopts as of the specified effective date. The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (JOBS Act) and has elected not to “opt out” of the extended transition related to complying with new or revised accounting standards, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and nonpublic companies, the Company can adopt the new or revised standard at the time nonpublic companies adopt the new or revised standard and can do so until such time that the Company either (i) irrevocably elects to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which is intended to provide enhancements to annual income tax disclosures. In particular, the standard will require more detailed information in the income tax rate reconciliation, as well as the disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, among other enhancements. The standard is effective for the Company in its annual period beginning after December 15, 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The standard allows for adoption on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to improve the disclosures of expenses by providing more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the standard on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3. Fair value measurements

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their respective input levels based on the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):


			Fair value measurements as of March 31, 2025 using
			Quoted prices in		Significant		Significant
			active markets		other		unobservable
	March 31,		for identical		observable		inputs
	2025		assets (level 1)		inputs (level 2)		(level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	67,904	$	67,904	$	—	$	—
US treasury securities(2)		54,794		54,794		—		—
US government agency securities(2)		26,746		—		26,746		—
Corporate debt securities(2)		21,791		—		21,791		—
Commercial paper(2)		125,742		—		125,742		—
Yankee debt securities(2)		5,030		—		5,030		—
US treasury securities(3)		50,164		50,164		—		—
US government agency securities(3)		56,328		—		56,328		—
Total fair value of assets	$	408,499	$	172,862	$	235,637	$	—

(1)

Included as cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)

Included as short-term marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)

Included as long-term marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.


			Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2024 using
			Quoted prices in		Significant		Significant
			active markets		other		unobservable
	December 31,		for identical		observable		inputs
	2024		assets (level 1)		inputs (level 2)		(level 3)
Assets:
Money market funds(1)	$	63,101	$	63,101	$	—	$	—
US treasury securities(2)		42,849		42,849		—		—
US government agency securities(2)		22,420		—		22,420		—
Corporate debt securities(2)		30,701		—		30,701		—
Commercial paper(2)		129,561		—		129,561		—
Yankee debt securities(2)		5,039		—		5,039		—
US treasury securities(3)		71,784		71,784		—		—
US government agency securities(3)		70,380		—		70,380		—
Total fair value of assets	$	435,835	$	177,734	$	258,101	$	—

(1)

Included as cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)

Included as short-term marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(3)

Included as long-term marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's equity investment in Affini-T Therapeutics, Inc. (Affini-T) was fair valued at $0 which represents cost, less impairment. To date, $2.2 million of impairment adjustments have been recorded related to the value of the Company’s equity investment in Affini-T. No adjustment was made to the value of the Company’s equity investment in Affini-T during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Company reassessed the fair value of its equity investment in Affini-T using a market approach which represented a Level 3 nonrecurring fair value measurement. Calculating the fair value of the equity investment involved unobservable inputs, including the terms and preferences of Affini-T's financings, cash flow projections and significant estimates and assumptions. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used could materially affect the amount of impairment losses recognized in the periods the equity investment is considered impaired. No transfers between levels have occurred during the periods presented.

Cash equivalents consist of money market funds, short-term marketable securities consist of US treasury securities, US government agency securities, corporate debt securities, commercial paper, and Yankee debt securities, and long-term marketable securities consist of US treasury securities and US government agency securities. The Company obtains pricing information from its investment manager and generally determines the fair value of marketable securities using standard observable inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, and bid and/or offers.

Note 4. Marketable securities

The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale securities (in thousands, except years):


	March 31, 2025
	Maturity	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Estimated
	(in years)	cost		gains		losses			fair value
US treasury securities	1 or less	$	54,581	$	213	$	—		$	54,794
US government agency securities	1 or less		26,653		93		—			26,746
Corporate debt securities	1 or less		21,772		19		—			21,791
Commercial paper	1 or less		125,695		62		(15	)		125,742
Yankee debt securities	1 or less		5,030		—		—			5,030
US treasury securities	1-2		50,060		104		—			50,164
US government agency securities	1-2		56,176		193		(41	)		56,328
Total		$	339,967	$	684	$	(56	)	$	340,595


	December 31, 2024
	Maturity	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Estimated
	(in years)	cost		gains		losses			fair value
US treasury securities	1 or less	$	42,694	$	155	$	—		$	42,849
US government agency securities	1 or less		22,350		70		—			22,420
Corporate debt securities	1 or less		30,641		60		—			30,701
Commercial paper	1 or less		129,500		107		(46	)		129,561
Yankee debt securities	1 or less		5,045		—		(6	)		5,039
US treasury securities	1-2		71,778		96		(90	)		71,784
US government agency securities	1-2		70,321		188		(129	)		70,380
Total		$	372,329	$	676	$	(271	)	$	372,734

The following tables present fair values and gross unrealized losses for those available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by category and the length of time that the securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):


	March 31, 2025
	Unrealized losses less than 12 months					Unrealized losses 12 months or greater				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Commercial paper	$	19,913	$	(15	)	$	—	$	—	$	19,913	$	(15	)
US government agency securities		9,082		(41	)		—		—		9,082		(41	)
Total	$	28,995	$	(56	)	$	—	$	—	$	28,995	$	(56	)


	December 31, 2024
	Unrealized losses less than 12 months					Unrealized losses 12 months or greater				Total
	Fair value		Unrealized losses			Fair value		Unrealized losses		Fair value		Unrealized losses
Commercial paper	$	41,041	$	(46	)	$	—	$	—	$	41,041	$	(46	)
Yankee debt securities		5,039		(6	)		—		—		5,039		(6	)
US treasury securities		54,836		(90	)		—		—		54,836		(90	)
US government agency securities		34,101		(129	)		—		—		34,101		(129	)
Total	$	135,017	$	(271	)	$	—	$	—	$	135,017	$	(271	)

As of March 31, 2025, there were five available-for-sale securities with an estimated fair value of $29.0 million in gross unrealized loss positions, none of which were in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. As of December 31, 2024, there were 22 available-for-sale securities with an estimated fair value of $135.0 million in gross unrealized loss positions, none of which were in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities are not attributed to credit risk. The Company believes that an allowance for credit losses is unnecessary because the unrealized losses on certain of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are due to market factors and changes in interest rates. Additionally, the Company does not intend to sell the securities nor is it more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

Accrued interest on the Company’s available-for-sale securities was $2.5 million and $2.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 5. Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31,			December 31,
	2025			2024
Laboratory equipment	$	4,785		$	4,741
Furniture and fixtures		3,712			3,712
Leasehold improvements		16,313			16,313
Computer equipment and software		1,599			1,564
Property and equipment		26,409			26,330
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(10,822	)		(10,009	)
Property and equipment, net	$	15,587		$	16,321

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $822,000 and $998,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 6. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Accrued research and development expenses	$	11,872	$	14,872
Accrued compensation		5,814		10,651
Accrued professional services		281		451
Other accruals and current liabilities		451		334
Total	$	18,418	$	26,308

Note 7. Asset acquisitions

The following purchased assets were accounted for as asset acquisitions as substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired were concentrated in a group of similar assets, and the acquired assets did not have outputs or employees. Because the assets had not yet received regulatory approval, the fair value attributable to these assets was recorded as in-process research and development expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Asana BioSciences, LLC

In November 2020, the Company entered into the Asana Merger Agreement, pursuant to which ASN became its wholly-owned subsidiary. Asana and ASN had previously entered into a license agreement, which was amended and restated prior to the closing of the merger transaction (the Asana License Agreement, and collectively with the Asana Merger Agreement, the Asana Agreements), pursuant to which ASN acquired an exclusive, worldwide license to certain intellectual property rights relating to inhibitors of ERK1 and ERK2 owned or controlled by Asana to develop and commercialize ERAS-007 and certain other related compounds for all applications.

Under the Asana Merger Agreement, in 2020, the Company made an upfront payment of $20.0 million and issued 4,000,000 shares of its Series B-2 convertible preferred stock to Asana at a value of $7.50 per share or a total fair value of equity of $30.0 million. In connection with the Company's IPO, these shares of Series B-2 convertible preferred stock were converted into 3,333,333 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company is obligated to make future development and regulatory milestone cash payments for a licensed product in an amount of up to $90.0 million. Additionally, upon achieving a development milestone related to demonstration of successful proof-of-concept in a specified clinical trial, the Company will also be required to issue 3,888,889 shares of its common stock to Asana. The Company is not obligated to pay royalties on the net sales of licensed products. No IPR&D expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no milestones had been accrued as the underlying contingencies were not probable or estimable.

Note 8. License agreements

Novartis Pharma AG

In December 2022, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement (as amended, the Novartis Agreement) with Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis) under which the Company was granted an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license to certain patent and other intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Novartis to develop, manufacture, use, and commercialize naporafenib in all fields of use. The Company has the right to sublicense (through multiple tiers) its rights under the Novartis Agreement, subject to certain limitations and conditions, and is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize licensed products in certain geographical markets.

The license granted under the Novartis Agreement is subject to Novartis’ reserved right to: (i) develop, manufacture, use, and commercialize compounds unrelated to naporafenib under the licensed patent rights and know-how, (ii) use the licensed patent rights and know-how for non-clinical research purposes, and (iii) use the licensed patent rights and know-how to the extent necessary to perform ongoing clinical trials and perform its obligations under existing contracts and under the Novartis Agreement.

Under the Novartis Agreement, the Company made an upfront cash payment to Novartis of $20.0 million and issued to Novartis 12,307,692 shares of common stock of the Company having an aggregate value of approximately $80.0 million. The Company is obligated to make future regulatory milestone payments of up to $80.0 million and sales milestone payments of up to $200.0 million. The Company is also obligated to pay royalties on net sales of all licensed products, in the low-single digit percentages, subject to certain reductions. No IPR&D expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Guangzhou Joyo Pharmatech Co., Ltd

In May 2024, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement (the Joyo License Agreement) with Guangzhou Joyo Pharmatech Co., Ltd. (Joyo) under which the Company was granted an exclusive, worldwide (except mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau), royalty-bearing license to certain patent and other intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Joyo to develop, manufacture, and commercialize certain pan-RAS inhibitors in all fields of use. The Company has an option to expand the territory of the license to include mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau by making a $50.0 million payment to Joyo on or prior to the first dosing of the first patient in a Phase 2 clinical trial by either the Company or Joyo, or a payment of $150.0 million after the first dosing of the first patient in a Phase 2 clinical trial by either the Company or Joyo and before filing a new drug application (or the foreign equivalent) by either the Company or Joyo. The Company has the right to sublicense (through multiple tiers) its rights under the Joyo License Agreement, subject to certain limitations and conditions, and is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize licensed products in the United States.

The license granted under the Joyo License Agreement is subject to Joyo’ reserved right to develop, manufacture, use, and commercialize licensed products in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau, unless the Company exercises its option to expand the license to include mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.

Under the Joyo License Agreement, the Company made an upfront cash payment to Joyo of $12.5 million. The Company is obligated to make development and regulatory milestone payments of up to $51.5 million (or up to $57.5 million if the Company’s territory is expanded to include mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau) and commercial milestone payments of up to $125.0 million upon the achievement of the corresponding milestones. The Company is also obligated to pay tiered royalties on net sales of all licensed products, in the low- to mid-single digit percentages, subject to certain reductions. No IPR&D expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Medshine Discovery Inc.

In May 2024, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement (the Medshine License Agreement) with Medshine Discovery Inc. (Medshine) under which the Company was granted an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license to certain patent and other intellectual property rights owned or controlled by Medshine to develop, manufacture, and commercialize certain pan-KRAS inhibitors in all fields of use. The Company has the right to sublicense (through multiple tiers) its rights under the Medshine License Agreement, subject to certain limitations and conditions, and is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to commercialize licensed products in certain geographical markets.

Under the Medshine License Agreement, the Company made an upfront cash payment to Medshine of $10.0 million. The Company is obligated to make development and regulatory milestone payments of up to $30.0 million and commercial milestone payments of up to $130.0 million upon the achievement of the corresponding milestones. The Company is also obligated to pay a low-single digit percentage royalty on net sales of all licensed products, subject to certain reductions. No IPR&D expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Katmai Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

In May 2024, the Company announced a strategic reprioritization which included deprioritizing its THUNDERBBOLT-1 clinical trial evaluating ERAS-801 in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. In April 2025, the Company entered into a Termination Agreement (the Katmai Termination Agreement) with Katmai Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Katmai). The Katmai Termination Agreement terminated the license agreement, dated March 12, 2020, between the Company and Katmai in which the Company obtained an exclusive worldwide license from Katmai to develop and commercialize ERAS-801 (the Katmai License Agreement). Pursuant to the Katmai Termination Agreement, the Katmai License Agreement was terminated as of April 1, 2025. Under the Katmai Termination Agreement, the Company has agreed to assign to Katmai certain know-how, intellectual property rights, third-party vendor agreements, regulatory filings, and materials that the Company developed in connection with the development of ERAS-801 under the Katmai License Agreement, and Katmai has agreed to make payments to the Company upon the occurrence of specific events related to Katmai’s future development and commercialization of ERAS-801. In addition, the Company has agreed to provide certain transition services to Katmai for a 90-day period, for which Katmai shall reimburse the Company for its internal costs related to such services. No IPR&D expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

NiKang Therapeutics, Inc.

In February 2020, the Company entered into a license agreement (the NiKang Agreement) with NiKang Therapeutics, Inc. (NiKang) under which the Company was granted an exclusive, worldwide license to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by NiKang related to certain SHP2 inhibitors to develop and commercialize ERAS-601 and certain other related compounds for all applications.

Under the NiKang Agreement, in 2020, the Company made an upfront payment of $5.0 million to NiKang and reimbursed NiKang $0.4 million for certain initial manufacturing costs. In addition, the Company paid $7.0 million in 2020 related to the publication of a US patent application that covered the composition of matter of ERAS-601. The Company is also obligated to pay (i) development and regulatory milestone payments in an aggregate amount of up to $16.0 million for the first licensed product, of which $4.0 million was paid in January 2021, and $12.0 million for a second licensed product, and (ii) commercial milestone payments in an aggregate amount of up to $157.0 million for the first licensed product and $151.0 million for a second licensed product. The Company is also obligated to: (i) pay tiered royalties on net sales of all licensed products in the mid-single digit percentages, subject to certain reductions; and (ii) equally split all net sublicensing revenues earned under sublicense agreements that the Company enters into with any third party before commencement of the first Phase I clinical trial for a licensed product. No IPR&D expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no milestones are accrued for any license agreements as the underlying contingencies are not probable or estimable.

Note 9. Stock-based compensation

In July 2021, the Company’s board of directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the Company’s 2021 Incentive Award Plan (the 2021 Plan), which became effective in connection with the IPO. Upon the adoption of the 2021 Plan, the Company ceased making equity grants under its 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2018 Plan). Under the 2021 Plan, the Company may grant stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and other stock or cash-based awards to individuals who are then employees, officers, directors or non-entity consultants of the Company. A total of 15,150,000 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan may be increased annually on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the 2021 Plan, beginning in 2022, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Company’s board of directors or an authorized committee of the board of directors. As of March 31, 2025, there were 14,043,506 stock-based awards available for future grant under the 2021 Plan.

Subsequent to July 2021, no further awards will be granted under the 2018 Plan and all future stock-based awards will be granted under the 2021 Plan. To the extent outstanding options or restricted stock granted under the 2018 Plan are cancelled, forfeited, repurchased, or otherwise terminated without being exercised or becoming vested, and would otherwise have been returned to the share reserve under the 2018 Plan, the number of shares underlying such awards will be available for future grant under the 2021 Plan.

Options granted are exercisable at various dates as determined upon grant and will expire no more than ten years from their date of grant. Stock options generally vest over a four-year term. The exercise price of each option shall be determined by the Company’s board of directors based on the estimated fair value of the Company’s stock on the date of the option grant. The exercise price shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the time the option is granted. For holders of more than 10% of the Company’s total combined voting power of all classes of stock, incentive stock options may not be granted at less than 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and for a term that exceeds five years. Early exercise was permitted for certain grants under the 2018 Plan.

Stock options

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under the 2021 Plan and 2018 Plan is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data and years):


						Weighted-
				Weighted-		average remaining		Aggregate
				average		contractual		intrinsic
	Shares			exercise price		term (years)		value
Outstanding at December 31, 2024		33,910,721		$	3.93		7.78	$	12,989
Granted		14,011,136			1.77
Exercised		(47,372	)		0.71
Canceled		(627,867	)		4.04
Outstanding at March 31, 2025		47,246,618		$	3.29		8.18	$	1,254
Options exercisable at March 31, 2025		19,689,171		$	4.50		6.82	$	1,228

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1.26 and $1.25, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants was $46.2 million and is expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 2.95 years. The intrinsic value of the options exercised for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $74,000 and $47,000, respectively.

The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of the employee and nonemployee stock option grants were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025	2024
Risk-free interest rate	4.02%-4.43%	3.84%-4.15%
Expected volatility	79.48%-80.80%	83.35%-83.91%
Expected term (in years)	5.28-6.08	5.28-6.01
Expected dividend yield	--%	--%

Effective May 21, 2024, and in accordance with the terms of the 2021 Plan, the Company's board of directors approved a stock option repricing (the Option Repricing) whereby the exercise price of each Repriced Option (as defined below) was reduced to $2.35 per share, the closing stock price on May 21, 2024. For purposes of the Option Repricing, “Repriced Options” are 7,478,918 outstanding stock options as of May 21, 2024 (vested and unvested) granted under the 2021 Plan and held by those eligible employees of the Company identified by the Company's board of directors, excluding the Company’s Section 16 officers (the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer, the Chief Medical Officer, and the General Counsel) and the Company's board of directors.

To the extent a Repriced Option is exercised prior to the Premium End Date (as defined below), the eligible employee will be required to pay the original exercise price per share of the Repriced Options in connection with any exercise of the Repriced Option. The “Premium End Date” means the earliest of (i) May 21, 2026; (ii) the date of a change in control of the Company; (iii) the date of the eligible employee’s death or disability; or (iv) the date of the eligible employee’s termination without cause, provided that such termination without cause occurs after May 21, 2025. Except for the reduction in the exercise prices of the Repriced Options as described above, the Repriced Options will retain their existing terms and conditions as set forth in the 2021 Plan and the applicable award agreements. All repriced options will retain their original vesting schedule.

The Option Repricing resulted in $1.1 million of incremental cost, which was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, of which $559,000 of the incremental cost will be recognized on a straight-line basis through the Premium End Date, and $558,000 of the incremental cost will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the greater of the period through the Premium End Date or the remaining service period. The incremental cost is included in general and administrative expense and research and development expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Employee stock purchase plan

In July 2021, the Company’s board of directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the Company's 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP), which became effective in connection with the IPO. The ESPP permits participants to contribute up to a specified percentage of their eligible compensation during a series of offering periods of 24 months, each comprised of four six-month purchase periods, to purchase the Company’s common stock. The purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day of trading of the applicable offering period or on the applicable purchase date, whichever is lower. A total of 1,260,000 shares of common stock was initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. In addition, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP may be increased annually on the first day of each calendar year during the term of the ESPP, beginning in 2022, by an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year or (ii) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Company’s board of directors or an authorized committee of the board of directors. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $214,000 and $342,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the ESPP was $465,000 and is expected to be recognized as expense over approximately 0.81 years. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $314,000 and $50,000 has been withheld on behalf of employees for future purchase under the ESPP, respectively, and is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. No shares were issued and sold under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Stock-based compensation expense

The allocation of stock-based compensation for all stock awards was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Research and development	$	3,117	$	3,484
General and administrative		3,596		3,364
Total	$	6,713	$	6,848

Common stock reserved for future issuance

Common stock reserved for future issuance consisted of the following as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Stock options issued and outstanding		47,246,618		33,910,721
Awards available for future grant		14,043,506		13,265,858
Shares available for purchase under the ESPP		4,402,135		1,569,952
Total		65,692,259		48,746,531

Note 10. Leases

Operating leases

The Company has facility leases for laboratory and office space under non-cancellable and cancellable operating leases with various expiration dates through 2032 and equipment under a non-cancellable operating lease with a term expiring in 2026.

Lease costs were comprised of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Operating lease cost	$	1,831		$	1,911
Variable lease cost		1,143			916
Sublease income		(713	)		(84	)
Total lease cost	$	2,261		$	2,743

The Company paid $1.5 million and $2.1 million in cash for operating leases, net of cash received from subleases, that is included in the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of the Company’s operating leases were 7.09 years and 8.97%, respectively, at March 31, 2025. The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of the Company’s operating leases were 7.33 years and 8.97%, respectively, at December 31, 2024. The weighted-average remaining lease term does not include any renewal options at the election of the Company.

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Facility leases

In September 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for 59,407 square feet of laboratory and office space in San Diego, California, which represented a portion of a new facility that was under construction and which was subsequently amended in March 2021 to expand the rented premises by 18,421 square feet (the 2020 Lease). The construction and design of the asset was the primary responsibility of the lessor. The Company was involved in certain aspects of construction and design for certain interior features and leasehold improvements that is beneficial to the Company to better suit its business needs and intended purpose of the space. The lease is accounted for as an operating lease and commenced in August 2021. In April 2022, the 2020 Lease was modified to amend the rent commencement date from February 2022 to May 2022. The 2020 Lease, as amended, has a term of 10.75 years and includes aggregate monthly payments to the lessor of approximately $51.6 million beginning in May 2023 with a rent escalation clause, and a tenant improvement allowance of approximately $16.8 million. The Company is responsible for its share of operating expenses based on actual operating expenses incurred by the landlord. The 2020 Lease is cancellable at the Company’s request after the 84th month with 12 months written notice and a lump-sum cancellation payment of $2.5 million. The termination option has not been included in the Company's operating lease assets and liabilities. As discussed in Note 2, the Company provided a letter of credit to the lessor for $408,000, which expires July 29, 2032.

In December 2021, the Company entered into a lease agreement for 29,542 square feet of office and laboratory space in South San Francisco, California. The lease is accounted for as an operating lease with the associated operating lease assets and liabilities recorded upon commencement, which occurred in July 2022. The non-cancellable operating lease has an initial term of 124 months with an option to extend the lease term by 5 years at the then-current market rates and includes aggregate monthly payments to the lessor of approximately $34.4 million beginning in November 2022 with a rent escalation clause and a tenant improvement allowance of approximately $8.2 million. The renewal option has not been included in the Company's operating lease assets and liabilities. The Company is responsible for its share of operating expenses based on actual operating expenses incurred by the landlord. The construction and design of the tenant improvements was the primary responsibility of the lessor. While the Company was involved in certain aspects of construction and design for certain interior features and leasehold improvements that is beneficial to the Company to better suit its business needs and intended purpose of the space, all construction was handled directly by the landlord. The Company was not deemed to be the accounting owner of the tenant improvements prior to or after the construction period. All payments made by the Company for landlord-owned tenant improvements were recorded as prepaid rent on the condensed consolidated balance sheets prior to lease commencement and included in the operating lease asset upon lease commencement. In February 2022, the expected project costs exceeded the tenant improvement allowances by $5.1 million, which was paid directly to the landlord by the Company and was recorded as prepaid rent in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a cash outflow from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Upon lease commencement, the $5.1 million of prepaid rent was included in the operating lease asset. The Company paid a security deposit of $874,000 in December 2021 that was recorded as other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In January 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to sublease the second floor of its corporate headquarters in San Diego, California. Pursuant to the agreement, the subleased space is approximately 10,000 square feet of office space with a sublease term of three years which includes an option for the subtenant to renew for an additional year and an early termination clause. In November 2024, the Company received notice of the subtenant’s exercise of the early termination clause. As a result of the subtenant’s exercise of the early termination clause, the term of this sublease will end on January 31, 2026. In July 2024, the Company executed an agreement to sublease the first floor of its corporate headquarters. Pursuant to the agreement, the subleased space is 18,421 square feet of office space with a sublease term of 61 months beginning in October 2024, and early access in August 2024. The agreement includes an option for the subtenant to renew for an additional year and an early termination clause. In September 2024, the Company entered into an agreement to sublease a portion of the third floor of its corporate headquarters in San Diego, California. Pursuant to the agreement, the subleased space is approximately 5,000 square feet of laboratory space with a sublease term of one year which includes an option for the subtenant to renew for an additional year.

The Company determined the subleases to be operating leases. Therefore, the Company recognizes sublease income on a straight-line basis over the lease term in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as a reduction to lease costs because the subleases are outside of the Company's normal business operations. The Company will continue to account for the operating lease assets and related liabilities of the original lease as it did prior to the commencement of the subleases. The Company recorded a reduction to lease costs of $713,000 and $84,000 related to income from these subleases during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In connection with committing to the plan to sublease the first floor of its corporate headquarters in June 2024, the Company reassessed its asset groups for testing long-lived assets for impairment and determined the first floor operating lease assets and related property and equipment represented an asset group separate from the entity wide asset group. As of June 30, 2024, the Company concluded that the carrying value of the first floor asset group was not recoverable as it exceeded the future net undiscounted cash flows that are expected to be generated from the use and eventual disposition of the assets within the asset group. The Company determined the fair value of the first floor asset group based on the income approach using a discounted cash flow model. The cash flows used in the model were discounted using a rate of 13.5%. Based on this analysis, the Company recognized a noncash impairment charge of $4.7 million, including $2.4 million for the operating lease assets and $2.3 million for the leasehold improvements and furniture, of which $3.0 million was recorded to research and development expense and $1.7 million was recorded to general and administrative expense, during the three months ended June 30, 2024. This represented a Level 3 nonrecurring fair value measurement. Calculating the fair value of the asset group involves significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows and a discount rate. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used could materially affect the amount of impairment loss recognized in the period the asset group is considered impaired.

Future minimum lease payments and sublease receipts under operating leases as of March 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Lease Payments			Operating Sublease Receipts
Year ending December 31,
2025 (remaining nine months)	$	6,807		$	1,874
2026		9,170			1,409
2027		9,199			1,406
2028		9,277			1,448
2029		9,572			1,237
Thereafter		25,526			—
Total lease payments or sublease receipts	$	69,551		$	7,374
Less: Amount representing interest		(18,740	)
Operating lease liabilities	$	50,811

Note 11. Commitments and contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. There are no matters currently outstanding for which any such liabilities have been accrued.

Note 12. Income taxes

No provision for federal, state or foreign income taxes has been recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company has incurred net operating losses for all the periods presented and has not reflected any benefit of such net operating loss carryforwards in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements due to uncertainty around utilizing these tax attributes within their respective carryforward periods. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against all of its deferred tax assets as it is not more likely than not that such assets will be realized in the near future. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has not recognized any interest or penalties related to income taxes.

Note 13. Net loss per share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of the Company (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Net loss	$	(30,966	)	$	(35,017	)
Weighted-average shares of common stock used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted		283,260,289			151,161,741
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.11	)	$	(0.23	)

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include options to purchase common stock, shares purchasable under the ESPP and common stock subject to repurchase related to options early exercised, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented as amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:


	March 31,		March 31,
	2025		2024
Options to purchase common stock		47,246,618		34,647,123
Options early exercised subject to future vesting		—		247,919
Estimated shares purchasable under the ESPP		558,829		1,301,205
Total potentially dilutive shares		47,805,447		36,196,247

Note 14. Segment Information

The Company operates and manages its business as a single operating and reportable segment focused on the discovery and development of precision medicines for the benefit of patients with cancer. The Company's CODM is the chief executive officer and the CODM manages and allocates resources to the Company on a consolidated basis. Managing and allocating resources on a consolidated basis enables the CODM to assess the overall level of resources available, including cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and how to best deploy these resources based on unmet medical need, scientific data, probability of successful development, market potential and other considerations to best support the long-term growth of its business.

The CODM assesses performance for the segment based on net loss, which is reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as consolidated net loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets.

The CODM uses cash forecast models in deciding how to invest into the segment. Such cash forecast models are reviewed to assess the consolidated operating results and performance. Net loss is used to monitor budget versus actual results. Monitoring budgeted versus actual results is used in assessing performance of the segment and in establishing cash forecast models. Significant segment expenses provided to the CODM are the same as presented on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 20, 2025.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, research and development plans, the anticipated timing, costs, design and conduct of our ongoing and planned preclinical studies and planned clinical trials for our product candidates, the timing and likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals for our product candidates, our ability to commercialize our product candidates, if approved, the impact of global geopolitical and economic events and war on our business, the pricing and reimbursement of our product candidates, if approved, the potential to develop future product candidates, the potential benefits of current and future licenses, acquisitions, and strategic arrangements with third parties, and our intent to enter into any future strategic arrangements, the timing and likelihood of success, plans and objectives of management for future operations and future results of anticipated product development efforts, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” "target," “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage precision oncology company singularly focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing therapies for patients with RAS/MAPK pathway-driven cancers. Molecular alterations in RAS, the most frequently mutated oncogene, and the MAPK pathway, one of the most frequently altered signaling pathways in cancer, account for more than five million new patients diagnosed with cancer globally each year. Our company was co-founded by leading pioneers in precision oncology and RAS targeting to create novel therapies and combination regimens designed to comprehensively shut down the RAS/MAPK pathway for the treatment of patients with cancer. Our focused RAS/MAPK pipeline comprises modality-agnostic programs aligned with our three therapeutic strategies of: (1) targeting key upstream and downstream signaling nodes in the RAS/MAPK pathway; (2) targeting RAS directly; and (3) targeting escape routes that emerge in response to treatment.

The following figure shows the RAS/MAPK pathway and how the three therapeutic strategies listed above attempt to comprehensively and synergistically shut down the RAS/MAPK pathway.

Our pipeline enables us to pursue a systematic, data-driven, portfolio-wide clinical development effort to identify therapeutic approaches with the goal of prolonging survival in numerous patient populations with high unmet medical needs. Our modality-agnostic approach aims to allow us to selectively and potently target critical signaling nodes with the most appropriate modality, including small and large molecule therapeutics. Our purpose-built pipeline includes two clinical-stage programs (naporafenib, a pan-RAF inhibitor, and ERAS-0015, a pan-RAS molecular glue), ERAS-4001 (a pan-KRAS inhibitor) for which we filed an investigational new drug application (IND) with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2025, with FDA clearance of the IND anticipated in June 2025, and ERAS-12, a discovery-stage program (an EGFR D2/D3 biparatopic antibody). We believe our world-class team’s capabilities and experience, further guided by our scientific advisory board, which includes the world’s leading experts in the RAS/MAPK pathway, uniquely position us to achieve our bold mission of erasing cancer.

We in-licensed our RAS-targeting franchise in May 2024. The RAS targeting landscape can be divided into pan-RAS, pan-KRAS, and mutant-selective approaches. We believe pan-RAS and pan-KRAS targeting molecules can address a broad population of patients with G12X, G13X, and possibly Q61X mutations, and also have the potential to address or prevent resistance by blocking wildtype RAS activation.

ERAS-0015 is a potential best-in-class pan-RAS molecular glue in development for the treatment of patients with RAS-mutated solid tumors. In vitro, ERAS-0015 has shown approximately 8-21 times higher binding affinity to cyclophilin A versus the most advanced pan-RAS molecular glue in development. We believe this higher binding affinity results in approximately 5 times more potent RAS inhibition than the comparator that has been demonstrated in cell-based assays. ERAS-0015 also has favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) and PK properties in multiple animal species. As a result of these favorable in vitro potency and ADME/PK attributes, ERAS-0015 has demonstrated comparable to greater in vivo antitumor activity at doses which are approximately one-tenth to one-eighth of the dose of the most advanced pan-RAS molecular glue. In combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody, ERAS-0015 was able to achieve complete disappearance of tumors in mice on day 31. The combination of ERAS-0015 plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab induced significant tumor growth inhibition and demonstrated the combination benefit of blocking both oncogenic drivers. The initial clinical trial for ERAS-0015 will be AURORAS-1. The IND for AURORAS-1 was cleared by the FDA in May 2025. We anticipate a Phase 1 monotherapy data readout from the AURORAS-1 trial in 2026.

ERAS-4001 is a potential first-in-class pan-KRAS inhibitor in development for the treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated solid tumors. The preclinical in vitro potency of ERAS-4001 showed good activity against KRAS G12X mutations, as well as KRAS wildtype amplifications, with no activity observed against HRAS or NRAS wildtype proteins. We believe sparing wildtype HRAS and NRAS has the potential to provide a wider therapeutic window in the clinic. ERAS-4001 demonstrated activity against both GDP-bound (“inactive state”) and GTP-bound (“active state”) KRAS G12D with single digit nanomolar IC50 (a measure of the drug concentration needed to achieve half-maximal inhibition) values in a biochemical RAS – RAF1 RBD (RAS Binding Domain) assay. In vivo, ERAS-4001 showed tumor regression in multiple models when administered as a monotherapy. In combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody, ERAS-4001 was able to achieve complete disappearance of tumors in mice on day 31. The combination of ERAS-4001 plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab induced significant tumor growth inhibition and demonstrated the combination benefit of blocking both oncogenic drivers. The initial clinical trial for ERAS-4001 will be BOREALIS-1. We filed an IND for BOREALIS-1 in May 2025 and anticipate receiving FDA clearance of the IND in June 2025. We anticipate a Phase 1 monotherapy data readout from the BOREALIS-1 trial in 2026.

We believe ERAS-0015 has the potential to address unmet medical needs in approximately 2.7 million patients who are diagnosed annually worldwide with RAS-mutant tumors, including the more than 2.2 million patients with KRAS-mutant tumors whom ERAS-4001 could also address.

Our latest clinical stage product candidate is naporafenib, for which we initiated two trials to evaluate the naporafenib plus trametinib (MEKINIST) combination (neither of which is enrolling patients currently), the SEACRAFT-2 pivotal Phase 3 trial for patients with NRAS-mutated (NRASm) melanoma and the SEACRAFT-1 Phase 1b trial for patients with RAS Q61X solid tumors. Naporafenib is a pan-RAF inhibitor with first-in-class and best-in-class potential for patients with NRASm melanoma and other RAS/MAPK pathway-driven tumors. RAF proteins are ubiquitously expressed serine-threonine kinases that constitute a key node of the RAS/MAPK pathway downstream of RAS and upstream of MEK. The RAF protein family consists of ARAF, BRAF, and CRAF (RAF1) that are activated through dimerization. Mutations in RAF proteins have been observed in many cancers, such as melanoma, colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and thyroid cancer. We in-licensed naporafenib from Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis) in December 2022. Naporafenib has been dosed in over 600 patients to date, whereby safety, tolerability, and acceptable pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics have been established in both monotherapy and select combinations, with clinical proof-of-concept (PoC) data in combination with trametinib for patients with NRASm melanoma, which includes NRAS Q61X melanoma. In December 2023, we announced that the FDA granted Fast Track Designation (FTD) to naporafenib in combination with trametinib for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma who have progressed on, or are intolerant to, an anti‑programmed death-1 (ligand 1) (PD‑(L)1)-based regimen, and whose tumors contain an NRAS mutation. Programs that receive FTD may benefit from early and frequent interactions with the FDA during the clinical development process and, if relevant criteria are met, the FDA may consider reviewing portions of a marketing application before the sponsor submits the complete application.

In connection with our SEACRAFT-2 trial, we have entered into a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement (CTCSA) with Novartis for its MEK inhibitor, trametinib. Pursuant to the CTCSA, we are sponsoring and funding the clinical trial and Novartis is providing its drug to us free of charge. In addition, we are evaluating additional combinations of naporafenib with our other RAS/MAPK pathway targeting agents and/or external agents in preclinical models.

On October 24, 2024, we announced preliminary data from our SEACRAFT-1 trial in an oral presentation at the 36th EORTC-NCI-AACR (ENA) Symposium. The preliminary clinical activity of naporafenib plus trametinib in the melanoma cohort of SEACRAFT-1 include, as of the efficacy cutoff date*:

•

40% (4/10) response rate observed in the efficacy-evaluable patients with NRAS Q61X melanoma, including three confirmed partial responses and one unconfirmed partial response; the melanoma cohort in SEACRAFT-1 is generally representative of the patient population currently being enrolled in the pivotal SEACRAFT-2 trial

•

70% (7/10) of patients remained on treatment as of the data cutoff, including all four responders

In addition, we reported that naporafenib plus trametinib was generally well tolerated as of the safety cutoff date*, with mostly low-grade adverse events in the majority of patients. We believe that the use of mandatory primary rash prophylaxis helped reduce the frequency and severity of skin toxicities, reduced the drug discontinuation rate due to skin-related adverse events, and improved the observed tolerability results as measured by the increased relative dose intensity, as compared to the prior clinical trials of naporafenib plus trametinib conducted by Novartis, which did not include the use of mandatory primary rash prophylaxis.

* Efficacy data cutoff date was September 5, 2024. Safety data cutoff date was September 3, 2024.

In May 2025, following the IND clearance of ERAS-0015 and the IND filing for ERAS-4001, we conducted a strategic pipeline review. Following this review, in order to prioritize organizational focus and resources to rapidly advance our differentiated RAS-targeting franchise, we have decided to evaluate strategic alternatives for the Stage 2 portion of the naporafenib Phase 3 trial, including pursuing potential partnership opportunities. As a result of this decision, we will not read out data from Stage 1 of the SEACRAFT-2 trial in the second half of 2025.

Our next program is ERAS-12, our investigational EGFR D2/D3 biparatopic antibody (bpAb). ERAS-12 is a potential best-in-class biologic that is designed to inhibit EGFR through multiple proposed mechanisms of action. In tumors where EGFR signaling is thought to be a primary driver of tumor growth, an antibody-based approach has been shown to be an effective way to target the receptor. However, all approved anti-EGFR antibodies target domain III (D3) only, which is the main site for ligand binding, and no approved antibodies target domain II (D2), which is responsible for dimerization of EGFR upon ligand binding. Binding of D2 prevents both EGFR homodimerization as well as heterodimerization. We believe the combined binding of D2 and D3 could result in differentiated and improved inhibition of downstream EGFR signaling. ERAS-12 also aims to exploit the innate immune system to induce tumor cell apoptosis. The Fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of IgG1 antibodies contain binding spots for both immune effector cells (e.g., NK cells) and the classical complement component C1q. By combining novel cell signal inhibition with enhancements to the Fc, we aim to create a potent multi-modal BIC anti-EGFR biologic which we believe could function as a targeted therapy with immunomodulatory activity.

We do not own or operate, and currently have no plans to establish, any manufacturing facilities. We rely, and expect to continue to rely, on third parties for the manufacture of our product candidates for preclinical and clinical testing, as well as for commercial manufacture if any of our product candidates obtain marketing approval. We are working with our current manufacturers to ensure that we will be able to scale up our manufacturing capabilities to support our clinical plans. We are also in the process of locating and qualifying additional manufacturers to build redundancies into our supply chain. In addition, we rely on third parties to package, label, store, and distribute our product candidates, and we intend to continue to rely on third parties with respect to our commercial products if marketing approval is obtained. We believe that this strategy allows us to maintain a more efficient infrastructure by eliminating the need for us to invest in our own manufacturing facilities, equipment, and personnel while also enabling us to focus our expertise and resources on the design and development of our product candidates.

In December 2022, we completed the sale and issuance of 15,384,616 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $6.50 per share (the 2022 Offering). Proceeds from the 2022 Offering were $94.9 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs of $5.1 million.

In March 2024, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with the purchasers named therein for the private placement of 21,844,660 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.06 per share, which closed on April 2, 2024 (the 2024 Private Placement). Proceeds from the 2024 Private Placement were $43.6 million, after deducting placement agent fees and expenses of approximately $1.4 million.

In May 2024, we completed the sale and issuance of 99,459,458 shares of our common stock, including the exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase 12,972,972 shares of our common stock, at a price to the public of $1.85 per share (the 2024 Offering). Proceeds from the 2024 Offering were $174.4 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs of $9.6 million.

In August 2022, we entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement (the Sale Agreement) with Jefferies LLC (the Agent), pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $200 million from time to time, in an “at-the-market offering” (ATM Offering) through the Agent. Sales of the shares of common stock, if any, will be made at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, or as otherwise agreed with the Agent. Pursuant to the Sale Agreement, the Agent will receive a commission from us of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Sale Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 9,231,114 shares of our common stock under the Sale Agreement at a weighted-average price of $2.37 per share. Proceeds from the ATM Offering during the year ended December 31, 2024 were $21.0 million, net of commissions and expenses of $0.8 million. No shares of our common stock were sold under the Sale Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, we had $178.1 million of shares available for sale under the ATM program.

Since our inception in 2018, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, identifying, acquiring, and in-licensing our product candidates, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, conducting research, preclinical studies and clinical trials, establishing arrangements with third parties for the manufacture of our product candidates and related raw materials, and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue. As of March 31, 2025, we have raised a total of $1.0 billion to fund our operations, comprised primarily of gross proceeds from our IPO, underwritten offerings, a private placement of our common stock and the sale and issuance of convertible preferred stock. As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $411.1 million.

We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. Our net losses were $31.0 million and $35.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $798.6 million. We expect our expenses and operating losses will increase substantially for the foreseeable future, particularly if and as we conduct our ongoing and planned clinical trials and preclinical studies; continue our research and development activities; utilize third parties to manufacture our product candidates and related raw materials; hire additional personnel; acquire, in-license, or develop additional product candidates; expand and protect our intellectual property; and incur additional costs associated with being a public company. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution. In addition, as our product candidates progress through development and toward commercialization, we will need to make milestone payments to the licensors and other third parties from whom we have in-licensed or acquired our product candidates. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials and preclinical studies and our expenditures on other research and development activities.

Based upon our current operating plans, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as of March 31, 2025 will be sufficient to fund our operations into the second half of 2028. We do not expect to generate any revenues from product sales until we successfully complete development and obtain regulatory approval for one or more of our product candidates, which we expect will take a number of years and may never occur. Accordingly, until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our product candidates, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources, including potential collaborations, licenses, and other similar arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce, or terminate our research and development programs or other operations, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Our financial condition and results of operations may also be impacted by other factors we may not be able to control, such as geopolitical and economic events. We do not believe that such factors had a material adverse impact on our results of operations during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Our acquisition and license agreements

We have entered into in-license and acquisition agreements pursuant to which we in-licensed or acquired certain intellectual property rights related to our product candidates and development programs.

Katmai Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

In May 2024, we announced a strategic reprioritization which included deprioritizing our THUNDERBBOLT-1 clinical trial evaluating ERAS-801 in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. In April 2025, we entered into a Termination Agreement (the Katmai Termination Agreement) with Katmai Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Katmai). The Katmai Termination Agreement terminated the license agreement, dated March 12, 2020, between us and Katmai in which we obtained an exclusive worldwide license from Katmai to develop and commercialize ERAS-801 (the Katmai License Agreement). Pursuant to the Katmai Termination Agreement, the Katmai License Agreement was terminated as of April 1, 2025. Under the Katmai Termination Agreement, we have agreed to assign to Katmai certain know-how, intellectual property rights, third-party vendor agreements, regulatory filings, and materials that we developed in connection with the development of ERAS-801 under the Katmai License Agreement, and Katmai has agreed to make payments to us upon the occurrence of specific events related to Katmai’s future development and commercialization of ERAS-801. In addition, we have agreed to provide certain transition services to Katmai for a 90-day period, for which Katmai shall reimburse us for our internal costs related to such services.

For additional information regarding our other in-license and acquisition agreements, see the section titled “Business—Our acquisition and license agreements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 20, 2025.

Components of results of operations

Revenue

We do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products unless and until such time that our product candidates have advanced through clinical development and obtained regulatory approval, if ever. If we fail to complete preclinical and clinical development of product candidates or obtain regulatory approval for them, our ability to generate future revenues, and our results of operations and financial position would be adversely affected.

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses consist of external and internal costs associated with our research and development activities, including our discovery and research efforts and the preclinical and clinical development of our product candidates. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Our research and development expenses include:

• external costs, including expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations (CROs), contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs), consultants and our scientific advisors; and

• internal costs, including:

• employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation for those individuals involved in research and development efforts;

• the costs of laboratory supplies and acquiring, developing and manufacturing preclinical study materials; and

• facilities and depreciation, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent of facilities and depreciation.

The following table summarizes our research and development expenses incurred for the following periods (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024
ERAS-0015(1)		$	6,544		$	—
Naporafenib			10,597			12,970
Other clinical programs			—			7,047
Other discovery and preclinical programs			8,828			8,557
Total research and development expenses		$	25,969		$	28,574

(1) We in-licensed ERAS-0015 in May 2024.

We expect our research and development expenses to increase substantially for the foreseeable future as we continue to conduct our ongoing research and development activities, conduct clinical trials and advance our preclinical research programs toward clinical development, particularly as more of our product candidates move into later stages of development, which typically cost more. The process of conducting clinical trials and preclinical studies necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time-consuming. We may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for any of our product candidates.

The timelines and costs with research and development activities are uncertain, can vary significantly for each product candidate and program and are difficult to predict. We anticipate we will make determinations as to which product candidates and programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each product candidate and program on an ongoing basis in response to preclinical and clinical results, regulatory developments, ongoing assessments as to each product candidate’s and program’s commercial potential, and our ability to enter into collaborations, licenses, or other similar agreements to the extent we determine the resources or expertise of a third-party would be beneficial for a given product candidate or program. We will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future. In addition, we cannot forecast which product candidates and programs may be subject to future collaborations, licenses, or other agreements, when such arrangements will be secured, if at all, and to what degree such arrangements would affect our development plans and capital requirements.

Our development costs may vary significantly based on factors such as:

• the number and scope of preclinical and IND-enabling studies and clinical trials;

• per patient trial costs;

• the number of trials required for approval;

• the number of sites included in the trials;

• the countries in which the trials are conducted;

• the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;

• the number of patients that participate in the trials;

• the number of doses that patients receive;

• the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients;

• potential additional safety monitoring requested by regulatory agencies;

• the duration of patient participation in the trials and follow-up;

• the cost and timing of manufacturing our product candidates;

• the phase of development of our product candidates;

• the efficacy and safety profile of our product candidates;

• the timing, receipt and terms of any approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;

• maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of our products following approval, if any;

• significant and changing government regulation and regulatory guidance;

• the impact of any interruptions to our operations or to those of third parties with whom we work due to geopolitical and economic events; and

• the extent to which we establish additional collaboration, license or other arrangements.

In-process research and development

In-process research and development expenses include rights acquired as part of asset acquisitions or in-licenses to develop and commercialize product candidates. Upfront payments that relate to the acquisition of a new product candidate, as well as pre-commercial milestone payments, are immediately expensed as in-process research and development in the period in which they are incurred, provided that the new product candidate did not also include processes or activities that would constitute a “business” as defined under US generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP), the product candidate has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no established alternative future use.

In-process research and development expenses consist primarily of our upfront payments, milestone payments, and our stock issuances in connection with our acquisition and in-license agreements.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation, for employees in our finance, accounting, legal, information technology, business development and support functions. Other general and administrative expenses include allocated facility and depreciation related costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses and professional fees for auditing, tax, intellectual property and legal services. Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are recognized as general and administrative expenses as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.

We expect our general and administrative expenses will increase substantially for the foreseeable future as we continue to increase our general and administrative headcount to support our continued research and development activities and, if any product candidates receive marketing approval, commercialization activities, as well as to support our operations generally.

Other income (expense), net

Interest income

Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Results of operations

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024			Change
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	25,969		$	28,574		$	(2,605	)
General and administrative		9,661			10,277			(616	)
Total operating expenses		35,630			38,851			(3,221	)
Loss from operations		(35,630	)		(38,851	)		3,221
Total other income (expense), net		4,664			3,834			830
Net loss	$

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

Erasca, Inc. 10-Q