UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)


☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from to

Commission file number 000-26251

NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

     Delaware

     04-2837575

     (State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

     (IRS Employer
Identification No.)

310 Littleton Road, Westford, MA 01886

(978) 614-4000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	NTCT	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x ☒ No ¨ ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x ☒ No ¨ ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x ☒ Accelerated filer ¨ ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

~~Non-accelerated~~If ~~filer ¨ Smaller~~an ~~reporting~~emerging growth company , indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO x ☒

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of September 30, ~~2024~~2025 (based on the last reported sale price on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as of such date) was approximately $1,~~504~~798,~~536~~552,~~501~~586. As of May 7, ~~2025~~2026, there were 71,~~328~~495,~~733~~215 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the ~~2025~~2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

NETSCOUT SYSTEMS, INC.

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, ~~2025~~ 2026

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
Item 1.	Business	4	~~Business~~	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	16	~~Risk Factors~~	16
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	34	~~Unresolved Staff Comments~~	31
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	34	~~Cybersecurity~~	31
Item 2.	Properties	35	~~Properties~~	32
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	35	~~Legal Proceedings~~	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	35	~~Mine Safety Disclosures~~	32
PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	36	~~Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities~~	33
Item 6.	[Reserved]	37	~~[Reserved]~~	35
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38	~~Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations~~	36
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	52	~~Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk~~	52
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	53	~~Financial Statements and Supplementary Data~~	53
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	53	~~Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure~~	53
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	53	~~Controls and Procedures~~	53
Item 9B.	Other Information	53	~~Other Information~~	54
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	53	~~Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections~~	54
PART III
Item 10.	Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant	54	~~Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant~~	55
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	54	~~Executive Compensation~~	55
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	54	~~Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters~~	55
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions	54	~~Certain Relationships and Related Transactions~~	55
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	54	~~Principal Accountant Fees and Services~~	55
PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	55	~~Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules~~	56
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	58	~~Form 10-K Summary~~	59
	Signatures	59	~~Signatures~~	60

Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (Annual Report) to "NetScout," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to NetScout Systems, Inc. and, where appropriate, our consolidated subsidiaries.

NetScout, the NetScout logo, Adaptive Service Intelligence and other trademarks or service marks of NetScout appearing in this Annual Report are the property of NetScout Systems, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries and/or affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. Any third-party trade names, trademarks and service marks appearing in this Annual Report are the property of their respective holders.

Table of Contents

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements under Section 21E of the Exchange Act (as defined below) and other federal securities laws. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and are identified by terminology such as "may," "will," "could," "should," "expects," "plans," "intends," "seeks," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "potential" or "continue," or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make.

Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements after completion of the filing of this Annual Report to reflect later events or circumstances or the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Risk Factor Summary

Our operating results and financial condition have varied in the past and may vary significantly in the future depending on a number of factors. Except for the historical information in this report, the matters contained in this report include forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. The following factors are among many that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by forward-looking statements made in this report. These statements involve the risks and uncertainties identified below as well as additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we currently think are immaterial but may also impact our business operations. Such factors are among many that may have a material adverse impact upon our business, results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition. These risks are more fully described in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors". These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

•Unfavorable and uncertain conditions in our industry, our customers' industries, the global economy, or reductions in information technology spending, could limit our ability to grow or maintain our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

•International trade policies, including trade protection measures such as tariffs, sanctions and trade barriers may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

•Potential product vulnerabilities or critical security defects, prioritization decisions regarding remedying vulnerabilities or security defects, or customers not deploying security releases or deciding not to upgrade products, services, or solutions could result in claims of liability against us, damage our reputation, or otherwise harm our business.

•If our products contain material errors or quality issues, such issues may be costly to correct, revenue may be delayed, we could be sued, and our reputation could be harmed.

•If our information technology systems, or those of third parties with whom we work, or our data are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse consequences.

•Our ability to quickly and successfully recover from a disaster, public health crisis, or other business continuity event could affect our ability to deliver our products and negatively impact our business reputation.

•If we fail to introduce new products and solutions or enhance our existing products and solutions to keep up with rapid technological change, demand for our products and solutions may decline.

•Our reliance on sole source suppliers could adversely impact our business.

•Increased customer demands on our technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

•The success of our business depends, in part, on the continued growth in the market for and the continued commercial demand for service delivery, service assurance and network security solutions.

•Failure to manage growth properly and to implement enhanced automated systems, including systems with AI, could adversely impact our business.

•Our success depends, in part, on our ability to manage and leverage our distribution channels. Disruptions to, or our failure to effectively develop and manage, these partners and the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our ability to generate revenues from the sale of our products and services. Managing these

Table of Contents

distribution channels and relationships requires experienced personnel, and lack of sufficient expertise could lead to a decrease in sales of our products and services, which could cause our operating results to suffer.

•Our business and operations, and the operations of our customers, partners, and/or suppliers, may be adversely affected by epidemics and pandemics.

•Necessary licenses for third-party technology may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

•Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights.

•Others may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights.

•Any current or future indebtedness may limit our operations and our use of our cash flow, and any failure to comply with the covenants that apply to any indebtedness could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

•Any failure to meet our debt obligations could damage our business.

•We may fail to secure necessary additional financing.

•The failure to recruit and retain qualified personnel and plan for and manage the succession of key executives could hinder our ability to successfully manage our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and operating results.

•Our business is subject to evolving ESG laws, regulations and expectations that could expose us to numerous risks, including risks to our reputation, business, financial performance and growth.

•We may not successfully complete acquisitions or integrate acquisitions we do make, which could impair our ability to compete and could harm our operating results.

•We face significant competition from other technology companies.

•Uncertainties of regulation of the Internet and data traveling over the Internet or over the use of AI and evolving technologies could have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

•We are subject to stringent and evolving U.S. state, local, and federal, and foreign laws, regulations, and rules, contractual obligations, industry standards, policies, and other obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual, or perceived failure to comply with such obligations (or such failure by third parties with whom we work) could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business, results of operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse business consequences.

•If we violate the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or applicable anti-bribery laws in other countries, or if we fail to comply with U.S. export controls and government contracting laws, our business could be harmed.

•Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

•Our effective tax rate may fluctuate, which could increase our income tax expense and reduce our net income.

•We may be impacted by changes in taxation, trade, and other regulatory requirements.

•Foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial statements.

•Our estimates and judgments related to critical accounting policies could be inaccurate.

•Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not be effective.

•Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations, which may be volatile and due to factors beyond our control.

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

WeNetScout ~~are~~is an industry leader with over four decades of experience in providing enterprise network observability, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity, and ~~cybersecurity~~Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS), protection solutions. ~~that~~Our unique visibility platform and solutions are ~~based~~powered onby our pioneering deep packet inspection, or DPI, technology at scale, which is used by many Fortune 500 companies to protect their digital business services against disruption. Service providers and enterprises, including local, state and federal government agencies, rely on our solutions to achieve the visibility and protection necessary to optimize network performance, ensure the delivery of high-quality, mission-critical applications and services, gain timely insight into the end -user experience, and protect their networks from attack. The majority of our solutions are designed to provide Smart Data, a high-fidelity, decision-grade data foundation derived from real-time network activity across legacy, hybrid, and cloud-native environments. This data enables a unified view of performance, availability, and security, supports faster root-cause analysis and operational decision-making, and is increasingly used to inform broader observability platforms and automated and AI-driven workflows. With our offerings, customers can quickly, efficiently and effectively identify and resolve issues that result in downtime, ~~interruptions~~service ~~to services~~interruptions, poor service quality, or compromised data, thereby reducing ~~meantime-~~mean time to- resolution of issues and driving compelling returns on their investments in their networks and broader technology initiatives. ~~Some~~Significant ~~of the more significant~~ technology trends and catalysts for our business include the evolution of customers' digital transformation initiatives, such as ~~the~~ migration to cloud environments and to the edges of their networks,; the rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape,; advancements in artificial intelligence (“AI”) and business analytics ~~advancements~~that can enhance observability and are increasing the need for high-quality, real-time data to support automated and AI-driven operations; and the continued evolution and potential opportunities related to 5G technology ~~evolution~~across in both the service provider and enterprise customer verticals.

Our operating results are influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the volume, mix, and quantity of products and services sold,; pricing, costs and availability of materials used in our products,; growth in employee-related costs, including commissions,; and the expansion of our operations. Factors that affect our ability to maximize our operating results include, but are not limited to, our ability to introduce new and enhance existing products,; the marketplace acceptance of those new or enhanced products,; continued expansion into international markets,; expansion into new or adjacent markets,; development of strategic partnerships,; competition,; successful acquisition and integration efforts,; and our ability to control costs, and make improvements in a highly competitive industry.

Markets

Our service assurance solutions are used by enterprises (including government agencies) and service providers to optimize network performance, quickly identify and resolve issues impacting application and service quality, and to gain insight into the end user experience. Our cybersecurity solutions are used by enterprises and service providers to identify and mitigate advanced, volumetric, multi-vector, and application-specific ~~distributed denial of service (~~DDoS) attacks, as well as assist enterprise security teams in rapidly identifying, isolating, investigating, and resolving other advanced network threats. These combined solutions provide a powerful platform to address ~~both~~observability, service assurance and cybersecurity challenges for our customers. Additionally, we are starting to allow our Smart Data to be leveraged for third party observability platform use and automated and AI workflows to complement other provider solutions.

Enterprise Market

Within the enterprise market, NetScout's nGeniusONE, ISNG, Omnis Insights, Omnis Cybersecurity solutions, and Arbor Edge Defense offerings enable IT organizations to support a growing range of performance management, observability, AI Ops, and cybersecurity use cases including:

•

•Network ~~Performance~~Observability ~~Management~~ - Our nGeniusONE analytics and our ISNG real-time information platform provide the necessary insight to optimize network performance, restore service and understand the quality of the users’ experience. By integrating certain acquired product lines and product features into our core offerings, our customers can benefit from a consistent view across their traditional wired network infrastructures, remote offices, and wireless networks ~~(WiFi).~~

•Application Performance Management: Data Center Transformation and Cloud Computing - We enable information technology (IT) organizations, from their development operations to their infrastructure teams, to manage the delivery of services across virtual and physical environments, providing a comprehensive, unified real-time view into network, application, server, and user communities' performance. We proactively detect emerging issues with the ability to help analyze both physical and virtual service delivery environments within the data center which enables organizations to optimize datacenter infrastructure investments, protect against service degradations, and simplify the operation of complex, multi-tier application environments in consolidated, state-of-the-art data centers. Our solutions are often used by enterprises to support private cloud computing environments that are aimed at enabling greater, more cost-effective accessibility to applications without compromising the reliability and security of those applications and the network. Our solutions portfolio also includes a range of virtual appliances that can help enterprise customers extend their monitoring of applications deeper into their traditional or "colo" data centers, confidently migrate applications into public cloud environments and gain a comprehensive, cohesive view into the resulting hybrid cloud environment.4

Table of Contents

(WiFi). Our Omnis Insights solution opens our DPI smart data to the broader observability markets, allowing our customers to stream Smart Data to partners and third-party platforms that enable observability, cybersecurity, and AI operations use cases.

•

Application Performance Management: Data Center Transformation and Cloud Computing - We enable information technology (IT) organizations, from their development operations to their infrastructure teams, to manage the delivery of services across virtual and physical environments, providing a comprehensive, unified real-time view into network, application, server, and user communities' performance. We proactively detect emerging issues with the ability to help analyze both physical and virtual service delivery environments within the data center which enables organizations to optimize datacenter infrastructure investments, protect against service degradations, and simplify the operation of complex, multi-tier application environments in consolidated, state-of-the-art data centers. Our solutions are often used by enterprises to support private cloud computing environments that are aimed at enabling greater, more cost-effective accessibility to applications without compromising the reliability and security of those applications and the network. Our solutions portfolio also includes a range of virtual appliances that can help enterprise customers extend their monitoring of applications deeper into their traditional or "colo" data centers, confidently migrate applications into public cloud environments and gain a comprehensive, cohesive view into the resulting hybrid cloud environment.

•

Unified Communications (UC) - We deliver deep application-level unified visibility into voice, data and video services side-by-side in order to understand the interrelationships of all UC services that traverse the network infrastructure and assess quality and performance of the delivery of these services. As a result, our real-time, actionable intelligence helps customers to deliver a high-quality UC experience as users make calls, video conference and engage in instant messaging. We also help desktop, network, telecom, and application teams manage UC through a common platform across complex, geographically dispersed, and multi-vendor environments.

•

Software-as-a-Service and Infrastructure Performance Management - We also provide enterprise customers with active agent-based offerings that can help them determine availability and performance levels for software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications, and gauge the health of servers, routers and switches as well as wireless and virtual infrastructures. As a result, customers can continuously monitor the performance of key business services and the infrastructure used to deliver them, regardless of how applications are deployed or where the user is located. Deployed independently or as part of our broader service assurance solution, these products also play an important role in helping enterprises deliver a superior user experience, achieve outstanding service quality and drive better returns on their application and infrastructure investments.

•

Application and Desktop Virtualization - We provide clear and actionable insights that help customers fully realize the operational benefits associated with Application and Desktop Virtualization and reduce the time it takes to identify and resolve service problems. We offer visibility across all virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) tiers including remote access, client, virtualization, web, front-end application, and related database systems, and help customers gain actionable metrics and insight from monitoring and analyzing the consumption and performance of VDI services.

•

Cybersecurity: DDoS Protection and Omnis Cyber Intelligence - Computer networks continue to be targeted for cyberattacks that are aimed at disrupting, damaging, or otherwise destroying an enterprise’s ability to conduct its business or gaining unauthorized access to corporate applications and restricting or stealing valuable information. We provide a range of network security solutions under the NetScout Arbor brand that enable enterprises to protect their networks from high-volume and application-specific DDoS attacks, which are aimed at either overwhelming the network with traffic or over-exercising specific functions or features of a website with the intention to disable those functions or features. We have also developed enhanced cybersecurity solutions for enterprises with our Omnis Cybersecurity Intelligence suite of products that provide greater deep-dive forensic capabilities as well as analytics that can provide visibility into anomalous behavior on the network that may be indicative of an advanced threat. These security analytics enable existing enterprise customers to leverage their historical investments in NetScout's service assurance solutions by using the Adaptive Service Intelligence (ASI) data already being generated to support service assurance for cybersecurity use cases.

Table of Contents

•Unified Communications (UC) - We deliver deep application-level unified visibility into voice, data and video services side-by-side in order to understand the interrelationships of all UC services that traverse the network infrastructure and assess quality and performance of the delivery of these services. As a result, our real-time, actionable intelligence helps customers to deliver a high-quality UC experience as users make calls, video conference and engage in instant messaging. We also help desktop, network, telecom, and application teams manage UC through a common platform across complex, geographically dispersed, and multi-vendor environments.

•Software-as-a-Service and Infrastructure Performance Management - We also provide enterprise customers with active agent-based offerings that can help them determine availability and performance levels for software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications, and gauge the health of servers, routers and switches as well as wireless and virtual infrastructures. As a result, customers can continuously monitor the performance of key business services and the infrastructure used to deliver them, regardless of how applications are deployed or where the user is located. Deployed independently or as part of our broader service assurance solution, these products also play an important role in helping enterprises deliver a superior user experience, achieve outstanding service quality and drive better returns on their application and infrastructure investments.

•Application and Desktop Virtualization - We provide clear and actionable insights that help customers fully realize the operational benefits associated with Application and Desktop Virtualization, and reduce the time it takes to identify and resolve service problems. We offer visibility across all virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) tiers including remote access, client, virtualization, web, front-end application, and related database systems, and help customers gain actionable metrics and insight from monitoring and analyzing the consumption and performance of VDI services.

•Cybersecurity: DDoS Protection and Omnis Cyber Intelligence - Computer networks continue to be targeted for cyberattacks that are aimed at disrupting, damaging, or otherwise destroying an enterprise’s ability to conduct its business or gaining unauthorized access to corporate applications and restricting or stealing valuable information. We provide a range of network security solutions under the NetScout Arbor brand that enable enterprises to protect their networks from high-volume and application-specific DDoS attacks, which are aimed at either overwhelming the network with traffic or over-exercising specific functions or features of a website with the intention to disable those functions or features. We have also recently developed enhanced cybersecurity solutions for enterprises with our Omnis Cybersecurity suite of products that provide greater deep-dive forensic capabilities as well as analytics that can provide visibility into anomalous behavior on the network that may be indicative of an advanced threat. These security analytics enable existing enterprise customers to leverage their historical investments in NetScout's service assurance solutions by using the Adaptive Service Intelligence (ASI) data already being generated to support service assurance for cybersecurity use cases.

Government Markets

Considered as part of our enterprise customer vertical, we have built a strong position with federal, state and local government agencies, both in the United States and abroad. Similar to our enterprise customers, government agencies are focused on streamlining and transforming IT into more efficient and more easily managed environments. To accomplish this, agencies are turning to IT solutions that will help simplify managing and assuring their IT environments as well as reducing costs. However, governmental markets differ from enterprise markets primarily due to their purchasing cycles being influenced by potential changes in government administrators, budgetary priorities and allocated funding for key projects.

Telecommunication Service Provider Markets

Today's service providers are focused on delivering a compelling set of services and ensuring a high-quality user experience, while also striving to minimize operational complexity, control costs and improve automation. This, coupled with the challenge of internet protocol (IP) transformation activities and complex technologies such as 5G, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Internet Protocol Television (IP-TV), WiFi, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), network slicing and cloud services drives the need for a more automated and unified approach to managing service delivery and the subscriber experience and protecting the mobile network. Our service provider solutions support an expanding range of use cases including:

•

•Service Assurance for Mobile, Fixed Line and Cable Operators - The fundamental transformation of the mobile network to all-IP enables mobile operators to build highly- scalable service delivery environments to offer new services to meet the growing subscriber demand for data, voice and video-centric services and to consolidate and simplify network operations. Mobile operators use our offerings to gain real-time, detailed IP packet-level insight and core-to-access visibility, which enables them to ensure services offered over the network meet certain pre-defined quality levels for an optimal subscriber experience. Our service assurance solutions help service providers effectively manage capacity, assess overall network quality, take proactive steps to modify the network before issues impact subscribers, and quickly identify and troubleshoot network problems. In addition to improving the overall return on their network infrastructure investments, mobile operators using our solutions also benefit from improved network quality and unique customer insights - both of which contribute to subscriber acquisition, retention, and monetization. The growing demand for high-bandwidth triple-play services, broadband connectivity, content anywhere, IP-TV, on-demand video traffic, newer 5G technology, extended WiFi initiatives, and carrier Ethernet services presents fixed line and cable multi-system operators with significant revenue opportunities. IP has become the de facto convergence mechanism for access, distribution and core networks, enabling new service offerings and simplifying network operations while reducing total cost of operations. For example, cable operators use our solutions to monitor and manage their local area WiFi connectivity services, ensure the high-quality delivery of video to consumers outside of their homes as well as provide broadband and telephony services targeting small- and medium-sized businesses.

•

Business Intelligence for Service Providers - Service providers strive to understand how the performance of their networks impacts customer experience, subscriber behavior and related usage trends. By combining network traffic data with other information, including support requests, subscriber calling plans, demographic data and other details, service providers can make more timely decisions about their offerings and sales and marketing initiatives to acquire, retain and further monetize their subscribers. Our analytics deliver timely insights into a service provider's subscribers, services, networks, and applications, as well as easy export capabilities so that this information can be integrated into their data lakes and third-party analytic platforms.

•

DDoS Protection - Internet Service Providers (ISPs), including leading telecommunications providers, cable multi-service operators and cloud providers, have seen significant increases in the sophistication, scale and frequency of high-volume, multi-vector and application-specific DDoS attacks on their networks. DDoS attacks are aimed at disrupting the online services of an ISP's business customer by overwhelming the network with traffic or by over-exercising specific functions or features of a website with the intention to disable those functions or features. NetScout Arbor smart DDoS solutions are used by a wide range of ISPs around the world to help protect their networks against DDoS attacks, and to resell certain DDoS offerings to their enterprise customers.

Table of Contents

quality levels for an optimal subscriber experience. Our service assurance solutions help service providers effectively manage capacity, assess overall network quality, take proactive steps to modify the network before issues impact subscribers, and quickly identify and troubleshoot network problems. In addition to improving the overall return on their network infrastructure investments, mobile operators using our solutions also benefit from improved network quality and unique customer insights - both of which contribute to subscriber acquisition, retention, and monetization. The growing demand for high-bandwidth triple-play services, broadband connectivity, content anywhere, IP-TV, on-demand video traffic, newer 5G technology, extended WiFi initiatives, and carrier Ethernet services presents fixed line and cable multi-system operators with significant revenue opportunities. IP has become the de facto convergence mechanism for access, distribution and core networks, enabling new service offerings and simplifying network operations while reducing total cost of operations. For example, cable operators use our solutions to monitor and manage their local area WiFi connectivity services, ensure the high-quality delivery of video to consumers outside of their homes as well as provide broadband and telephony services targeting small- and medium-sized businesses.

•Business Intelligence for Service Providers - Service providers strive to understand how the performance of their networks impact customer experience, subscriber behavior and related usage trends. By combining network traffic data with other information, including support requests, subscriber calling plans, demographic data and other details, service providers can make more timely decisions about their offerings and sales and marketing initiatives to acquire, retain and further monetize their subscribers. Our analytics deliver timely insights into a service provider's subscribers, services, networks, and applications, as well as easy export capabilities so that this information can be integrated into their data lakes and third-party analytic platforms.

•DDoS Protection - Internet Service Providers (ISPs), including leading telecommunications providers, cable multi-service operators and cloud providers, have seen significant increases in the sophistication, scale and frequency of high-volume and application-specific DDoS attacks on their networks. DDoS attacks are aimed at disrupting the online services of an ISP's business customer by overwhelming the network with traffic or by over-exercising specific functions or features of a website with the intention to disable those functions or features. NetScout Arbor smart DDoS solutions are used by a wide range of ISPs around the world to help protect their networks against DDoS attacks, and to resell certain DDoS offerings to their enterprise customers.

Products Overview

Since our founding in 1984, we have been an industry innovator in using IP-based network traffic to help organizations manage and optimize the delivery of services and applications over their networks, improve ~~the~~ end-user experience, and protect networks from ~~unwanted~~ cybersecurity threats. Using our patented ASI technology, our ~~solutions~~platform ~~instantaneously~~is ~~convert~~designed to captures every network-based ~~traffic~~interaction, ~~data~~transaction, ~~often~~and ~~referred~~experience tohappening asacross the business in real time, at wire ~~data~~speed, ~~into~~and with high fidelity to produce “Smart Data.” Rather than sampled metrics or synthetic data, Smart Data is structured, enriched, AI-~~value~~ready metadata that captures how services and applications are performing. This Smart Data forms the foundation of our platform, orsupporting ~~"smart~~observability, ~~data"~~service assurance, AI Ops, and cybersecurity use cases across our product portfolio. Our offerings can help customers quickly identify and troubleshoot network and application performance issues, defend their networks from DDoS and other cybersecurity attacks, and rapidly find and isolate advanced network threats. Our solutions are deployed by customers in one of four form factors: as integrated hardware and software appliance, as software only that is then integrated into commercial off-the-shelf hardware, in a virtualized environment as software only, or as a SaaS solution. Our solutions help our customers ~~meet~~keep ~~the~~pace with increasing customer demands and antechnological ~~ever-changing technology landscape of IP networks, service, applications, and cybersecurity threats~~complexity. To further elevate our value proposition and address the near- and long-term needs of customers and prospects, we have delivered major product upgrades across our product lines by integrating key functionality from acquired product lines, increasing the deployment flexibility of our solutions, and adding new features and capabilities that enable us to address a broader range of use cases. Our primary products can be categorized as follows:

Service Assurance Solutions for Network ~~Application Performance~~Observability, ~~and~~Artificial & Business Intelligence Analytics

•

•nGeniusONE Management Software and Analytic Modules - Our ~~nGeniusONE~~nGenius ~~management~~applications ~~software~~are is used to support our service provider, enterprise, and government customers enabling them to predict, preempt, and resolve network and service delivery problems while facilitating the optimization and capacity planning of their network infrastructures. Additionally, we market a range of specialized ~~platforms~~products and analytic modules that can enable our customers to analyze and troubleshoot traffic in radio access network and WiFi networks, as well as gain timely insight into high-value services, applications and systems, and better understand the subscriber's experience on the network. nGeniusPULSE is an active testing tool that enables enterprises to identify infrastructure performance issues and determine application availability, reliability, and performance. We also market our nGenius Business Analytics solution, which enables service providers to quickly and efficiently analyze their network traffic to gain greater and more timely insights into their subscribers, services, networks, and applications, as well as easily export our smart data into their data lakes and into third-party analytic platforms.

•

Visibility Products (Sensor, Packet Flow Systems and Taps) - Our platform provides real-time generation and analysis of information-rich, high-volume network-derived data for use across our applications and our partner networks. The Infinistream is an advanced passive network probe that can be deployed as a traditional appliance with integrated hardware and software, as software-only for use in commercial-off-the-shelf hardware or in virtualized or software only form factors. The virtualized form factor version, which is marketed as vSTREAM, can be deployed to support NFV environments as well as to cost-effectively monitor application performance in traditional data center, private cloud, and public cloud environments. We also provide comprehensive packet flow systems (also called network packet brokers or network visibility fabric switches), that deliver targeted network traffic access to a range of monitoring and cybersecurity tools and systems, including the nGeniusONE application. Additionally, we market a suite of test access points (TAPs) that enable full, non-disruptive access to network traffic with multiple link type and speed options.

•

Omnis Insights – Our Omnis Insights solution is designed to generate a high-fidelity, curated dataset that strengthens observability and cybersecurity operations. Supporting AI/ML processes with both real-time and historical insight, the dataset improves service performance while avoiding unnecessary processing and storage costs. Built on NetScout’s DPI technology, Omnis Insights delivers granular session-and conversation-level telemetry to accelerate troubleshooting and streamline complex workflows. AI-ready insights, derived from enriched metadata, are structured into domain-specific export feeds with feature extraction tailored to specific use cases. These insights can be easily ingested into data lakes or streamed to our partners like Splunk and ServiceNow.

Cybersecurity Solutions

•

We provide cybersecurity solutions that enable service providers and enterprises around the world to protect their networks against DDoS attacks under the Arbor solution portfolio. Certain of our service provider customers around the world also resell Arbor's solutions as a managed DDoS protection service to their enterprise customers. Our

Table of Contents

~~•Visibility~~portfolio ~~Products~~of ~~(Probes,~~DDoS ~~Packet~~protection ~~Flow~~solutions ~~Systems~~offers ~~and~~complete ~~Taps)~~deployment -flexibility ~~Our~~spanning ~~ISNG platform provides real~~on-~~time~~premise ~~collection~~offerings and ~~analysis~~cloud-based ofcapabilities ~~information-rich,~~to ~~high-volume~~meet ~~packet-flow~~a ~~data~~broad ~~from~~array ~~across~~of ~~the~~customer ~~network~~needs, ~~that~~as iswell ~~displayed~~as ~~through~~specialized ~~the~~analytics ~~nGeniusONE~~and ~~Service~~comprehensive ~~Assurance~~threat ~~Solution~~intelligence information. ~~The~~Our ~~ISNG~~DDoS isprotection anofferings ~~advanced~~for ~~passive~~service ~~network~~providers ~~probe~~include ~~that~~Arbor ~~can~~Sightline befor ~~deployed~~DDoS asvisibility aand ~~traditional~~threat ~~appliance~~detection, ~~with~~Arbor ~~integrated~~Threat ~~hardware~~Mitigation ~~and~~System ~~software,~~for asremoving ~~software-only~~DDoS ~~for~~attack ~~use~~traffic infrom ~~commercial-off-~~the~~-shelf~~ ~~hardware~~network orwithout indisruption ~~virtualized~~to orkey ~~software~~network ~~only~~services ~~form~~and ~~factors.~~Arbor ~~The~~Insight ~~virtualized~~for ~~form~~advanced ~~factor~~analytical ~~version~~and offorensic ~~our~~information. ~~intelligent~~Our ~~data~~DDoS ~~source,~~protection ~~which~~offerings isfor ~~marketed~~enterprises asinclude ~~vSTREAM,~~Arbor ~~can~~Edge beDefense, ~~deployed~~a toperimeter-based ~~support~~appliance ~~NFV~~for ~~environments~~identifying asand ~~well~~blocking asincoming toDDoS ~~cost-effectively~~attacks ~~monitor~~and ~~application~~outbound ~~performance~~malicious incommunications, ~~traditional~~and ~~data~~Arbor ~~center~~Cloud, ~~private~~a ~~cloud~~global, ~~and public~~ cloud-based ~~environments.~~traffic Wescrubbing ~~also~~service ~~provide~~that ~~comprehensive~~quickly ~~packet~~removes ~~flow~~DDoS ~~systems~~attack ~~(also~~traffic. ~~called~~Our ~~network~~Omnis ~~packet~~Cyber ~~brokers~~Intelligence oroffering ~~network~~utilizes ~~visibility~~packet ~~fabric~~forensic ~~switches),~~capabilities ~~that deliver targeted network traffic access~~ to aminimize ~~range~~the oftime ~~monitoring~~between ~~and~~threat ~~cybersecurity~~detection ~~tools~~ and ~~systems, including the nGeniusONE Service Assurance platform~~response. ~~Additionally,~~We weplan ~~market~~to afurther ~~suite~~enhance ofand ~~test~~expand ~~access~~these ~~points~~capabilities ~~(TAPs)~~in ways that will enable ~~full,~~greater ~~non-disruptive~~adoption ~~access~~of toour ~~network~~solutions ~~traffic~~by ~~with~~service ~~multiple~~provider ~~link type~~ and ~~speed~~enterprise ~~options~~customers.

Cybersecurity Solutions

•DDoS Protection – We provide cybersecurity solutions that enable service providers and enterprises around the world to protect their networks against DDoS attacks under the Arbor brand. Certain of our service provider customers around the world also resell Arbor's solutions as a managed DDoS service to their enterprise customers. Our portfolio of DDoS solutions offers complete deployment flexibility spanning on-premise offerings and cloud-based capabilities to meet a broad array of customer needs, as well as specialized analytics and comprehensive threat intelligence information. Our smart DDoS offerings for service providers include Arbor Sightline for DDoS visibility and threat detection, Arbor Threat Mitigation System for removing DDoS attack traffic from the network without disruption to key network services and Arbor Insight for advanced analytical and forensic information. Our smart DDoS offerings for enterprises include Arbor Edge Defense, a perimeter-based appliance for identifying and blocking incoming DDoS attacks and outbound malicious communications, and Arbor Cloud, a global, cloud-based traffic scrubbing service that quickly removes DDoS attack traffic. We plan to further enhance and expand these capabilities in ways that will enable greater adoption of our solutions by service provider and enterprise customers.

•Advanced Threat Detection – We have actively expanded our enterprise cybersecurity offerings into the Network Detection and Response (NDR) market to better leverage the investment that our enterprise customers have made in our traditional service assurance solutions. By collecting network traffic via our probes, we can expand our value proposition by providing specialized analytics for both service assurance and cybersecurity offerings. We continue to advance solutions such as new packet forensic capabilities, which includes Omnis Cyber Intelligence, designed specifically for security operations teams. This solution also creates anomalous behavior analytics that security teams can use to identify and investigate potential advanced network threats. Our Omnis suite of products is focused on addressing cybersecurity use cases.

Integration with Third-Party Solutions

To have greater operational impact on assuring performance of applications and service delivery, we have integrated our technology with third-party management consoles and business service management systems. This integration allows organizations to receive alarms on impending performance problems and to link into the nGenius Service Assurance solution in order to perform detailed problem analysis and troubleshooting. The third-party solution providers that we have integrated our solutions with include Cisco Systems, Cisco Sourcefire, Citrix Systems, Dell Technologies, Hewlett-Packard Company, IBM Tivoli, ServiceNow, Splunk, and VMWare. In addition, we have embedded NetScout Arbor DDoS mitigation capabilities on a blade within Cisco's market-leading ASR9000 router and will continue to evaluate partnership opportunities to support integration of its smart DDoS capabilities into various third-party platforms.

Growth Strategy

The following are key elements in our growth strategy for fiscal year ~~2026~~2027:

•

•Drive Platform Innovation - In order to support our customers' near-term and longer-term requirements, we plan to continue innovating by enhancing and expanding our product portfolio as well as developing an integrated platform to serve our customers combined service assurance and cybersecurity requirements. In particular, we continue to invest in research and development, and leverage the strong technical and domain expertise across our organization. Our engineering teams are focused on advancing technical innovation across our broad product portfolio. By capitalizing on our extensive experience with global ~~enterprise~~enterprises, service ~~provider~~providers, and government organizations with IP-based networks, we believe we remain well positioned to cross-leverage our technology development across all major platforms and relevant technologies to address the evolving demands of current and prospective customers.

•

Deliver Pervasive Visibility - By making our visibility products available in multiple form factors, including as an integrated appliance, software that can be deployed with commercial off-the-shelf servers and as virtual appliances, we believe that it is easier and more affordable for customers to deploy our technology more broadly across their hybrid network and IT infrastructures. By offering more cost-effective instrumentation options, we believe we are well positioned to help existing and new customers gain greater visibility into more places across their end-to-end network environments and address an even broader range of service assurance and cybersecurity use cases.

•

Extension into Adjacent Markets - By enhancing and expanding our product portfolio and driving product integration via internal development and acquisitions, we have expanded our reach into complementary adjacent markets such as application performance management, infrastructure performance management, data analytics, observability, AI Ops, and cybersecurity. We believe that this element of our strategy is integral to gaining access to larger budgets, increasing spending from existing customers, attracting new customers, and increasing our total addressable market. In particular, our Omnis Insights solution has opened our DPI data to the broader observability, cybersecurity, and AI Operations markets for the first time. Our customers can now stream DPI data to partners and third-party data lakes that enable AI use cases. We believe the scale and flexibility of our Omnis platform will be critical in unlocking the full potential of AI.

Table of Contents

•

~~•Deliver~~ ~~Pervasive~~Fortify ~~Visibility~~and -Expand ByExisting ~~making~~Customer ~~our~~Relationships ~~visibility~~- ~~products~~We ~~available~~have ~~in multiple form factors, including as~~ an ~~integrated appliance~~expansive, ~~software~~global ~~that~~customer ~~can~~base beof ~~deployed~~service ~~with~~providers ~~commercial off-the-shelf servers~~ and asenterprises ~~virtual appliances, we believe~~ that ithave ispurchased ~~easier~~our ~~and~~products ~~more~~in ~~affordable~~support ~~for~~of ~~customers~~major totechnology ~~deploy~~and ~~our~~network ~~technology~~initiatives ~~more~~that ~~broadly~~they ~~across~~have ~~their~~implemented ~~hybrid~~over ~~network~~the ~~and~~past ~~IT infrastructures~~decade. ByAs ~~offering~~a ~~more~~result, ~~cost-effective~~we ~~instrumentation~~believe ~~options,~~ we are well positioned to ~~help~~expand ~~existing~~the ~~and~~scope ~~new~~of ~~customers~~many ~~gain~~of ~~greater~~these ~~visibility~~relationships ~~into~~as ~~more~~well ~~places~~as ~~across~~acquire ~~their~~new ~~end-to-end~~customer ~~network~~relationships ~~environments~~as ~~and~~we ~~address~~identify annew ~~even~~opportunities ~~broader~~to ~~range~~support ofnew ~~service~~network, ~~assurance~~observability, ~~and~~AI Ops, cybersecurity, ~~use~~and ~~cases.~~broader technology projects.

•

~~•Extension~~Expand ~~into~~our ~~Adjacent~~Customer ~~Markets~~Base - ByWe ~~enhancing~~believe ~~and~~the ~~expanding~~investments ~~our product portfolio and driving product integration via internal development and acquisitions,~~ we have ~~expanded~~made ~~our~~over ~~reach~~the ~~into~~past ~~complementary~~several ~~adjacent~~years ~~markets~~to ~~such~~expand asour ~~application~~product ~~performance~~portfolio ~~management, infrastructure performance management, big data analytics,~~ and ~~cybersecurity.~~support Wegreater ~~believe~~deployment ~~that~~flexibility ~~this~~also ~~element~~position ofus ~~our strategy is integral~~ to ~~gaining~~win ~~access to larger budgets, increasing spending from existing customers, attracting~~ new customers, ~~and~~in ~~increasing~~established ~~our~~geographic ~~total~~markets ~~addressable~~where ~~market. In particular,~~ we ~~are~~can ~~broadening~~leverage our ~~cybersecurity~~global ~~solutions~~direct ~~beyond~~sales ~~the~~organization ~~DDoS market with enterprise security offerings such as Network Detection~~ and ~~Response~~an ~~(NDR)~~extensive ~~that~~network ~~can~~of ~~help our customers extract more~~ value-added ~~from~~resellers ~~the~~and ~~network~~systems ~~traffic that we are already collecting to support cybersecurity use cases~~integrators.

•

~~•Fortify~~Increase ~~and~~Market ~~Expand~~Relevance ~~Existing~~and ~~Customer~~Awareness ~~Relationships~~ - We ~~have~~plan anto ~~expansive,~~continue ~~global~~to ~~customer~~implement ~~base~~marketing ofcampaigns ~~service~~aimed ~~providers~~at ~~and~~generating ~~enterprises~~high-quality ~~that~~sales ~~have~~opportunities ~~purchased~~with ~~our~~both ~~products~~current inand ~~support~~prospective ofenterprise ~~major technology~~ and ~~network~~service ~~initiatives~~provider ~~that they have implemented over the past decade. As a result~~customers, wepromoting ~~believe~~thought weleadership ~~are~~and ~~well~~building ~~positioned to expand~~ the ~~scope~~NetScout ~~of many of these relationships as well as acquire new customer relationships as we identify new opportunities to support new network, cybersecurity, and broader technology projects~~brand.

•

~~•Expand~~Extend our ~~Customer~~Technology ~~Base~~Partner -Alliance ~~The~~Ecosystem ~~investments~~- weWe ~~have~~plan ~~made~~to ~~over~~continue ~~the~~to ~~past~~develop ~~several~~and ~~years~~fortify toalliances ~~expand~~with ~~our~~complementary ~~product~~solutions ~~portfolio~~providers ~~and~~that ~~support~~can ~~greater~~help ~~deployment~~us ~~flexibility~~support ~~also~~a ~~positions~~larger, usmore toglobal ~~win~~and ~~new~~more ~~customers~~diverse incustomer ~~established~~base. ~~geographic~~We ~~markets~~also ~~where~~plan weto ~~can~~continue ~~leverage~~to enhance our ~~global~~technology ~~direct~~value, ~~sales~~product ~~organization~~capabilities and ancustomer ~~extensive~~relevance ~~network~~through the continued integration of ~~value-added~~our ~~resellers~~products ~~and~~into ~~systems~~technology ~~integrators~~partner products.

•

~~•Increase~~Pursue ~~Market~~Strategic ~~Relevance~~Acquisitions ~~and Awareness~~ - We ~~plan~~have tocompleted ~~continue~~many toacquisitions ~~implement~~since ~~marketing~~our ~~campaigns~~inception ~~aimed~~that athave ~~generating~~helped ~~high-quality~~broaden ~~sales~~our ~~opportunities~~capabilities, ~~with~~enhance ~~both~~our ~~current~~products and ~~prospective~~technologies, ~~enterprise~~enable ~~and~~us ~~service~~to ~~provider~~expand ~~customers,~~into ~~promoting~~adjacent ~~thought~~markets ~~leadership~~ and ~~building~~better position us to meet the ~~NetScout~~needs ~~brand~~of a larger base of customers and prospects.

•

~~•Extend~~Improve ~~our~~Cost ~~Technology~~Structure ~~Partner~~and ~~Alliance~~Drive ~~Ecosystem~~Efficiencies - We plan to ~~continue~~balance toour ~~develop~~investments ~~and~~in ~~fortify~~key ~~alliances~~technology, ~~with~~product ~~complementary~~development, ~~solutions~~sales ~~providers~~and ~~that can help us support a larger~~marketing, ~~more global~~ and ~~more~~other ~~diverse~~initiatives ~~customer~~that ~~base.~~will Weenable ~~also~~us ~~plan~~ to continue to ~~enhance~~drive ~~our~~long-term ~~technology~~profitable ~~value,~~growth ~~product~~with ~~capabilities~~an ~~and~~ongoing ~~customer~~focus ~~relevance~~on ~~through~~managing ~~the~~costs ~~continued~~and ~~integration~~driving ~~of our products into technology partner products~~efficiencies.

•Pursue Strategic Acquisitions - We have completed many acquisitions since our inception that have helped broaden our capabilities, enhance our products and technologies, enable us to expand into adjacent markets and better position us to meet the needs of a larger base of customers and prospects.

•Improve Cost Structure and Drive Efficiencies - We plan to balance our investments in key technology, product development, sales and marketing, and other initiatives that will enable us to drive long-term profitable growth with an ongoing focus on managing costs and driving efficiencies.

Support Services

Customer satisfaction is a key driver of our success. Our ~~support~~ programs offer customers various levels of high-quality support services to assist in the deployment and use of our solutions. We have support personnel strategically deployed across the globe to deliver 24/7 support to our customers. Certain support services, such as on-site support activities, are provided by qualified third-party support partners. In addition, many of our certified resellers provide Partner Enabled Support to our end users. This is especially prevalent in international locations where time zones and language, among other factors, make it more efficient for end users to have the reseller provide initial support functions. Our support also includes updates to our software and firmware at no additional charge, if and when such updates are developed and made generally available to our commercial customer base. If ordered, support commences upon fulfilment or expiration of the standard warranty for software. For software, which also includes firmware, the standard warranty commences upon fulfilment and expires 60 to 90 days thereafter. With regard to hardware, the standard warranty commences upon fulfilment and expires 60 days to 12 months thereafter. WeOur ~~believe our~~ warranties are consistent with commonly accepted industry standards. We expect to continue to provide support services for the acquired platforms under existing agreements and ~~plan~~will to explore opportunities to further simplify and standardize our support obligations over the coming years. For customers requiring additional levels of service, we offer managed services in various forms, where we operate our technology platform to meet the customers’ requirements for observability and threat mitigation.

Table of Contents

Manufacturing

Our manufacturing operations consist primarily of final product assembly, configuration, and testing. We purchase components and subassemblies from suppliers and construct our hardware products in accordance with NetScout standard specifications. We inspect, test and use process controls to ensure the quality and reliability of our products. We maintain an ISO 9001 quality systems registration, a certification showing that our corporate procedures and manufacturing facilities comply with standards for quality assurance and process control. We also maintain an ISO 9001:2000 quality systems registration, a certification showing that our corporate procedures comply with standards for continuous improvement and customer satisfaction.

We generally use standard parts and components for our products, which can be sourced from various suppliers. We have generally been able to obtain adequate supplies of components in a timely manner from current suppliers. While certain components, such as computer network interface cards, are currently purchased from a single supplier, we have identified alternate suppliers that we believe can be qualified relatively quickly to fulfill our needs should an issue arise with the existing supplier. We continue to monitor the impact of the war in Ukraine and the hostilities in the Middle East, global geopolitical tension, and macroeconomic conditions, as well as other factors, on our supply chain. Although we have been able to manage supply challenges in the past, there is no guarantee that we will be able to continue to manage these challenges without significant impacts to our business if our supply chain becomes increasingly strained. Our reliance on single source suppliers and impacts on our supply chain are further described in Item 1A "Risk Factors."

Table of Contents

alternate suppliers that we believe can be qualified to fulfill our needs should an issue arise with the existing supplier. We also maintain escrow arrangements for certain technologies. We continue to monitor the impact of global geopolitical tension and conflicts, memory shortages related to significant AI-related datacenter buildouts, and macroeconomic conditions, as well as other factors, on our supply chain. Although we have been able to manage supply challenges in the past, there is no guarantee that we will be able to continue to manage these challenges without significant impacts to our business if our supply chain becomes increasingly strained. Our reliance on single source suppliers and impacts on our supply chain are further described in Item 1A "Risk Factors."

We manufacture our products based upon near-term demand estimates resulting from sales forecasts and historical fulfillment information. However, since these forecasts have a high degree of variability because of factors that include time of year, overall economic conditions and sales employee incentives, we believe it is prudent to maintain inventory levels in advance of receipt of firm orders to ensure that we have sufficient stock to satisfy incoming orders. The potential impacts of the global and macroeconomic conditions and potential supply chain disruptions on our business are further described in Item 1A "Risk Factors."

Sales and Marketing

Sales

We sell our products, support and services through a direct sales force and an indirect reseller and distribution channel.

Our direct sales force generally uses a "high-touch" sales model that consists of face-to-face or virtual meetings with customers to understand and identify their unique business challenges and requirements. Our sales teams translate our customers' requirements into tailored business solutions ~~that allow the customer to maximize the performance of its infrastructure and service delivery environment~~. Due to the complexity of the systems and the capital expenditures involved, our sales cycles typically take between three and twelve months. We build strategic relationships with our customers by continually enhancing our solution to help them address their evolving ~~service delivery management challenges~~needs. In addition to providing a comprehensive solution to meet these needs, we continually provide software enhancements to our customers as part of their maintenance contracts with us. These enhancements are designed to provide additional and ongoing value to our existing customers to promote loyalty and the expansion of their deployment of our products. Existing customer growth is also driven by the expansion and changes in their networks asor ~~they~~services ~~add~~in ~~new~~the ~~infrastructure~~case ~~elements,~~of ~~new~~the ~~users,~~service ~~new~~assurance ~~locations,~~products ~~new~~or ~~applications,~~the ~~experience~~need ~~increasing~~for ~~service~~more ~~traffic~~capacity ~~volumes~~ or ~~encounter~~capabilities ~~incremental~~in ~~cyber~~the ~~threats.~~case of the Arbor DDoS solutions.

We also maintain an indirect reseller and distribution channel. Sales to customers outside the United States are primarily export sales through channel partners. Our channel partners assist us by improving our reach to customers, extending our presence in new markets, and marketing and selling our products to a broad array of organizations globally. We sell through a range of channel partners including value-added resellers, value-added distributors, resellers, and system integrators, to our enterprise, service provider and government customers. Historically and currently, generally, we ~~have~~use ~~used~~ indirect distribution channels principally as intermediaries on contractual terms for customers with whom we do not have a contract. ~~Our~~or ~~sales~~if ~~force~~the ~~meets~~customer ~~with~~would ~~end~~like ~~user customers~~ to ~~present~~use ~~our~~the ~~products~~channel and solutions, conduct demonstrations, provide evaluation equipment, recommend detailed product solutions, develop product deployment designs and timelines, and assist in establishing financial and other justifications for ~~the proposed solution~~services. ~~During this selling process~~Generally, aour ~~channel~~sales ~~partner,~~force ~~who~~uses ~~has contracts with both~~ the ~~end~~same ~~customer~~“high-touch” ~~and~~approach ~~us, may be brought~~ in tomost ~~facilitate the transaction and to provide fulfillment services~~markets. In ~~the~~some ~~case of~~ international ~~channel~~markets ~~partners,~~where ~~those~~we ~~services~~do ~~usually~~not ~~also~~have ~~include~~strong ~~currency~~sales ~~translation~~presence, ~~and support. In~~ the ~~U.S., fulfillment services are usually limited to invoicing and cash collection. Under this approach, we have limited dependence upon~~ channel partners ~~for~~participate ~~the~~in ~~major elements of~~ the selling process. ~~In many cases~~However, ~~there~~in ~~are~~most ~~multiple~~markets, ~~channel partners with~~ the ~~required~~sale ~~contractual~~is ~~relationships,~~led soby ~~dependence~~the onNetScout ~~any~~sales ~~single channel partner is not significant~~teams.

During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2026 , 2025, and 2024, no direct customers or channel partners accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue.

Table of Contents

During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no direct customers or indirect channel partners accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, one direct customer, Verizon, accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue, while no indirect channel partners accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue.

Marketing

Our marketing organization drives our market research, strategy, product positioning and messaging, and produces and manages a variety of programs such as customer forums, trade shows, industry events, advertising, public and analyst relations, social media, direct mail, seminars and webinars, sales promotions and other online marketing programs. These programs are focused on promoting the sale and acceptance of our solutions to further build the NetScout brand for our service assurance and cybersecurity products within the marketplace.

Key elements of our marketing strategy focus on thought leadership, market positioning, market education, go to market strategies, reputation management, demand generation, and the acceleration of our strategic selling relationships with local and global resellers, systems integrators, and our technology alliance partners. During fiscal year ~~2025~~2026, we continued to invest in the promotion of the NetScout brand related to service assurance and cybersecurity products in their respective markets. We expect to continue these initiatives during fiscal year ~~2026~~2027.

Table of Contents

Research and Development

Our continued success depends significantly on our ability to anticipate and create solutions that will meet emerging customer requirements. We work closely with our largest enterprise and service provider customers to better understand and address their near-term and longer-term requirements. By better understanding the key, time-sensitive needs of our global customer base, we believe our development programs will continue to result in enhanced products that are able to meet the increasing challenges of an increasingly complex and dynamic global network environment.

We have invested significant financial resources and personnel into the development of our products and technology. Our continued investment in research and development is crucial to our business and our continued success in the market. We have assembled a team of highly skilled engineers with expertise in various technologies associated with our business and the technologies being deployed by our customers. We plan to continue to enhance and expand our product offerings and capabilities in the near future while integrating key capabilities from acquired product lines as appropriate. As a result, we plan to continue to invest and dedicate significant resources to our research and development activities for both our enterprise and service provider customers.

We predominantly develop our products internally, with some limited third-party contracting. We have also acquired developed technology through business acquisitions. To promote industry standards and manifest technology leadership, we participate in and support the activities and recommendations of industry standards bodies, and we also engage in close and regular dialogue with our key customers and alliance partners. These activities provide early insight into the direction of network and application performance requirements and the changing cybersecurity landscape that impacts current and emerging technologies.

Seasonality

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, quarterly variations in our order bookings as a result of a number of factors, including the ~~length~~calendar ofyear-end ~~the~~and ~~sales~~budget and procurement cycle, ~~complexity~~of many of ~~customer~~our ~~environments~~customers, ~~new~~as ~~product~~well ~~introductions~~as ~~and~~the ~~their~~fiscal ~~market~~year ~~acceptance~~end ~~and~~procurement ~~seasonal~~cycle ~~factors~~of ~~affected~~our bygovernment ~~customer~~customers, ~~projects~~particularly ~~and~~U.S. ~~typical~~government ITcustomers ~~buying~~with ~~cycles~~a fiscal year end of September 30. Due to these factors, we historically have experienced stronger bookings during our fiscal third and fourth quarters than in our fiscal first and second quarters. The timing of our order bookings can also be impacted by the length of certain product and service sales offerings cycles, complexity of certain customer environments, and new product introductions and their market acceptance.

Customers

We sell our products to enterprises, service providers and local, state, and federal governmental agencies with large-and medium-sized high-speed IP computer networks. Our enterprise customers cover a wide variety of industries, such as financial services, technology, manufacturing, healthcare, utilities, education, transportation and retail as well as government and associated agencies. Our telecommunications service provider customer group includes mobile operators, wireline operators, cable operators, internet service providers, and cloud providers.

Backlog

We produce our products on the basis of our forecast of near-term demand and maintain inventory in advance of receipt of firm orders from customers. We configure our products to customer specifications and generally deliver products shortly after receipt of the purchase order. Service engagements are also included in certain orders. Customers generally may reschedule or cancel unfulfilled orders with little or no penalty. Our total backlog at any particular time is not necessarily indicative of future sales levels. Within total backlog, fulfillable backlog includes what we consider to represent orders that are generally available to be delivered to customers as of the end of the reporting period. Delivery of our fulfillable backlog typically occurs early in the subsequent quarter. However, delivery may be delayed or accelerated due to various other reasons, including but not limited to, changes in timing of customer projects and product delivery schedules, which may not be within our control. Our total combined product backlog at March 31, 2026 was $50.8 million compared to $33.1 million at March 31, 2025. Combined product backlog included fulfillable backlog of $45.8 million and $25.1 million at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The increase in backlog was driven by the timing of orders from two large enterprise related customers.

Table of Contents

reschedule or cancel unfulfilled orders with little or no penalty. Our total backlog at any particular time is not necessarily indicative of future sales levels. Within total backlog, fulfillable backlog includes what we consider to represent orders that are generally available to be delivered to customers as of the end of the reporting period. Delivery of our fulfillable backlog typically occurs early in the subsequent quarter. However, delivery may be delayed or accelerated due to various other reasons, including but not limited to, changes in timing of customer projects and product delivery schedules, which may not be within our control. Our total combined product backlog at March 31, 2025 was $33.1 million compared to $6.8 million at March 31, 2024. Combined product backlog included fulfillable backlog of $25.1 million and $2.5 million at March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Total backlog includes orders that were received late in the quarter and radio frequency propagation modeling projects, as well as multi-year enterprise license agreements. In some cases, we have begun these projects but have not yet hit billable milestones. At March 31, 2025 and 2024, deferred revenue contained a gross balance of $8.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively related to these radio frequency propagation modeling project orders.

Competition

We compete with many companies in the markets we serve. The service assurance market, including the infrastructure, network, and application performance management markets, is highly competitive, rapidly evolving, and fragmented with overlapping technologies and a wide range of competitors, both large and small, who may deliver certain elements of our solution. Consequently, there are a number of companies who have greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, management, marketing, service, support, technical, distribution and other resources than we do. Additionally, certain competitors, either due to their size and resources or due to their technological strengths, may be able to respond more effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards and customer requirements.

Principal competitive factors in our service assurance market include scalability; ability to address a large number of applications, locations and users; product performance; the ability to easily deploy into existing network environments; the ability to offer virtualized solutions; and the ability to administer and manage the solution.

While we face multiple competitors within the service assurance industry, we believe that we compete favorably on the basis of the following factors:

•

•we provide a comprehensive service delivery management solution that is capable of addressing the needs of both enterprise and service provider customers and can be scaled to meet the challenges of today's dynamic service delivery environments;

•

•we believe that our solutions provide superior data and compete favorably on a broad range of metrics including the ability to recognize and track a large number of applications;

•

•we believe our solutions possess the scalability to support high and increasing levels of data and network traffic;

•

•our solutions look at both ~~data~~user and control plane traffic across an entire network; and

•

•our ASI technology is optimized to provide real-time information about service performance and real-time alerts to emerging service problems whereas traditional solutions are inherently latent, supporting only forensic-trouble shooting after an issue has occurred.

In the enterprise market, our competitors include companies who provide network ~~performance management~~observability, application performance management, infrastructure performance management and other related solutions such as CA Technologies (a Broadcom Inc. business), Cisco Systems, Dynatrace, Datadog, ExtraHop, IBM, Infovista, Viavi, Gigamon, New Relic, Riverbed Technology, ~~Splunk (a Cisco Systems business)~~ and SolarWinds. In addition, we both compete with and partner with large enterprise management vendors, such as HP and IBM, who offer performance management solutions. We also compete with smaller, privately held competitors who often focus on specific vertical markets.

In the service provider market, we compete with traditional probe vendors, network equipment manufacturers, big data and analytics vendors, and virtualization vendors. These vendors include Anritsu, Cisco, Ericsson, EXFO, Huawei, IBM, Infovista, Niksun, Elisa Polystar, Radcom, Splunk (a Cisco Systems business), Nokia and Viavi. We face additional competitive threats from startups and new entrants that seek to offer innovative solutions in an industry characterized by rapid technological change.

In the cybersecurity market, we face a range of competitors, including those that may have greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, management, marketing, service, support, technical, distribution and other resources than we do. We believe that the scalability of our solutions, flexible deployment, and price-performance of our cybersecurity solutions positions us well to compete against both larger network equipment and security companies and smaller niche security solutions vendors. We compete under the NetScout Arbor brand with a broad range of vendors including Radware, Akamai, F5 Networks, A10 Networks, Fortinet, Fastly, Cloudflare and Corero Network Security.

Table of Contents

In the service provider DDoS solutions market, we compete under the NetScout Arbor brand with a broad range of vendors including Radware, Akamai, F5 Networks, A10 Networks, Fortinet, Fastly, Cloudflare and Corero Network Security. In the enterprise market for Network Detection and Response (NDR) solutions that utilize specialized threat analysis, traffic analysis, and packet forensics to detect and raise alerts of advanced network threats, we compete under the NetScout Omnis Cybersecurity brand with a range of vendors including Darktrace, Vectra Networks, Extrahop, Cisco, and other specialist providers.

Our ability to sustain a competitive advantage depends on our ability to deliver continued technology innovation and adapt to meet the evolving needs of our customers. Competitive factors in our industry are further described in Item 1A "Risk Factors."

Intellectual Property Rights

We rely on patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws and contract rights to establish and maintain our rights in our technology and products. While our intellectual property rights are an important element in our success, our business does not depend on any one particular patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, license, or other intellectual property right.

Table of Contents

While our intellectual property rights are an important element in our success, our business does not depend on any one particular patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret, license, or other intellectual property right.

We use contracts, statutory laws, domestic and foreign intellectual property registration processes, and international intellectual property treaties to protect our intellectual property portfolio and rights from infringement. From a contractual perspective, we use license agreements and non-disclosure agreements to control the use of our intellectual property and protect our trade secrets from unauthorized use and disclosure. In addition to license agreements, we rely on U.S. and international copyright law to protect against unauthorized copying of software programs in the U.S. and abroad. We have obtained U.S. and international trademark registrations to preserve and protect certain trademarks. We have also filed and obtained U.S. patents and international counterparts to protect certain unique NetScout inventions from being unlawfully exploited by other parties. However, there is no assurance that pending or future patent applications will be granted, that we will be able to obtain patents covering all our products, or that we will be able to license, if needed, patents from other companies on favorable terms or at all. Our proprietary rights are subject to other risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A "Risk Factors."

Human Capital Management

We strive to remain a team of entrepreneurs, with the agility of a start-up and the sophistication of a global technology company. We believe that our culture is critical to our success and growth. Our Lean But Not Mean culture complements and augments our technology, exceptional talent, and forward-thinking innovation. "Lean" decision-making enables early resolution of tough choices and puts employees and the long-term success of the company first. We believe our commitment to our culture and values, aan ~~diverse~~inclusive workforce, talent development, and health and safety, and providing competitive total rewards motivates our employees around the world. Our Compensation Committee oversees our key human capital management strategies and programs and shares oversight of health and safety matters with the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors.

Employees

At March 31, ~~2025~~2026, we had 2,~~123~~073 employees worldwide – ~~over~~approximately 99% of whom were full time employees. Our employees are in 35 countries with 62% of our employees located in the United States.

Culture & Values

We believe that our company culture is critical to our success and growth. Our culture complements and augments our technology, exceptional talent, and forward-thinking innovation. As a result of our philosophy, we have pledged to be ~~considerate~~respectful of, ~~loyal~~committed to, and appreciative of our employees while also enacting decision-making processes and business strategies that result in efficient business outcomes.

We dedicate heightened attention to our mission as Guardians of the Connected World and this mission serves as a key component in our employee engagement program. We continuously communicate our mission, values, and goals to all of our global employees through town hall meetings that provide direct interaction with the CEO, and in-depth focus groups that support messaging from top executives. These meetings allow leaders to stay connected with all employees and ensure everyone is equipped with the knowledge and tools to align their efforts with our vision, mission and goals. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees these efforts as part of its comprehensive review of ~~environmental~~corporate governance, ~~social~~sustainability, and ~~governance~~engagement ~~(ESG) matters~~ and the Compensation Committee oversees NetScout's talent and human capital management as related to culture and values as well.

Commitment to Workplace Culture

NetScout's commitment to workplace culture is important to our organizational excellence and complements our core values of performing with integrity, compassion, collaboration, and innovation. We embrace our employees' differences and other characteristics that make our employees unique. Our ESG team, covering our Impact Programs (as described below), includes members from multiple functional areas whose activities are overseen by our executive Steering Committee, to foster transparent, merit-based, and consistent processes in employee engagement, onboarding, learning and development, policymaking, and career planning. Further, our Women in NetScout Network (WiNN) works to foster community and share insight into women’s

Table of Contents

~~Commitment~~experiences to ~~Workplace~~inspire ~~Culture~~members to succeed in the workplace.

NetScout's commitment to workplace culture is important to our organizational excellence and complements our core values of performing with integrity, compassion, collaboration, and innovation. We embrace and encourage our employees' differences in age, color, disability, ethnicity, family or marital status, gender identity or expression, language, national origin, physical and mental ability, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, veteran status, and other characteristics that make our employees unique. Our ESG team includes members from multiple functional areas whose activities are overseen by our executive ESG Steering Committee, to foster transparent, merit-based, and consistent processes in employee engagement, onboarding, learning and development, policymaking, and career planning.

Talent Development

We invest in the ongoing development of our employees across the globe. As part of that program, we offer opportunities to identify leaders and develop and support all employees, including:

•

•Management and leadership development – to create leaders who provide direction, apply disciplined management practices, collaborate across functions, and understand the impact they have on others.

•

•Diversity management training – to support an inclusive workplace and foster consistent management practices across the globe.

•

•Management talent assessment – to bring greater transparency and understanding of required skills and abilities as we identify leaders at all levels.

Health and Safety Regulatory Compliance

Our Health and Safety (H&S) Council is responsible for H&S policy, managing and coordinating H&S regulatory compliance, and tracking goals and results. The H&S Council reports to senior executives and its results are reported to the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors.

Total Rewards

We offer a competitive compensation and benefits package to attract, retain and motivate our employees. Our compensation package includes market-competitive pay, cash and equity incentive compensation, an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, retirement benefits, health benefits, paid time off and leave benefits.

~~Environmental,~~Sustainability ~~Social~~ and ~~Governance~~Engagement

We are committed to making a positive impact on the lives of our employees, incustomers, ~~our surrounding communities~~investors, and ~~for~~communities ~~our~~in ~~customers~~which ~~and~~we ~~investors~~operate, and believe that effectively managing sustainability ~~ESG~~and ~~matters~~engagement through strong governance is an important part of creating long-term value. As set out in its Charter, our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee oversees our governance, sustainability, and engagement programs, including those related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) ~~program~~matters. Underpinned by a strong governance foundation, these programs focus on driving meaningful impact toward NetScout’s sustainability in its operations and in the products we bring to market, as well as advancing the wellbeing of our workforce and the communities in which we live and work (“Impact Programs”). The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets regularly and reviews our Impact Programs and advises on ~~ESG~~our strategy and progress, and apprises the full Board of Directors,. ~~which~~Our ~~also~~Board of Directors considers our overall ~~ESG~~strategy ~~program~~ and ~~strategy as well as~~ its alignment with our mission. The Audit Committee also regularly reviews ~~ESG~~governance-related topics such as enterprise risk management, our anticorruption program, ethics and compliance issues, supply chain issues including human rights protections, and data privacy and security. The Compensation Committee regularly reviews ~~ESG~~workforce-related topics such as talent development, human capital management, compensation, and leadership training.

~~The~~A ~~ESG~~steering ~~Steering Committee~~committee, under the strategic direction of the Chief Executive Officer and chaired by our General Counsel, ~~who also serves as our Chief ESG Officer,~~ provides guidance and management oversight for ~~the~~our ~~ESG~~Impact ~~program~~Programs. The Office of ESG, ~~chaired~~covering by our ~~General~~efforts ~~Counsel,~~on ~~acting~~sustainability inand ~~his~~engagement, ~~role~~chaired ofby ~~Chief~~our ~~ESG~~General ~~Officer~~Counsel, is responsible for the development and implementation of ~~the~~our ~~ESG~~Impact ~~program~~Programs. With representation across key business functions, the mandate of the Office ~~of ESG~~ is to consider our existing ~~ESG~~sustainability and engagement efforts, understand stakeholder perspectives (including customers, investors, and employees among others), promote a positive and engaged workplace culture through our Lean But Not Mean philosophy, identify areas for improvement that align with our business, and monitors and reports on the progress of our program to hold ourselves accountable to our stakeholders and the broader community.

Our global ESG program aims to make a significant impact across various areas. We focus on reducing the environmental footprint of our operations and products. We promote a positive and engaged workplace culture through our Lean But Not Mean philosophy. We are committed to bridging the digital divide as Guardians of the Connected World. Additionally, we use our cybersecurity expertise to help our customers achieve network resiliency.

Table of Contents

Government Regulation

As a company with global operations, we are subject to a variety of evolving legal and regulatory requirements in the ~~countries~~jurisdictions in which we operate orand in which we offer our service assurance and cybersecurity solutions, including, ~~among~~requirements ~~other~~related ~~things,~~to data privacy, data security and cybersecurity, AI, ~~information~~trade ~~security,~~restrictions (including export, ~~antibribery,~~controls and ~~other~~tariffs), ~~legal~~economic sanctions, ~~regulatory~~antibribery and anti-corruption, and other compliance requirements. In the ordinary course of business, we may collect, receive, use, store, generate, transfer, dispose of, transmit, share, and process (collectively, "process") sensitive, proprietary, and confidential information, including personal information, business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, and confidential third-party data (collectively, "sensitive data"). Accordingly, we may be subject to numerous data privacy and security obligations, including federal, state, and local laws, regulations, industry standards, guidance, and other obligations related to data privacy ~~and security. Additionally~~, tocybersecurity ~~the~~and ~~extent we collect personal~~ information ~~from individuals outside of the United States, we are, or may become, subject to foreign data privacy and~~ security ~~laws, such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("EU GDPR")~~. ~~Foreign data privacy and security laws impose significant and complex compliance obligations on entities that are subject to those laws.~~

Additionally, to the extent we collect personal information from individuals outside of the United States, we are, or may become, subject to foreign data privacy and security laws, such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("EU GDPR") as well as other evolving requirements regarding cross-border data transfers and related compliance obligations. In addition, because we are embedding AI features in our products, emerging and evolving laws, regulations, and standards relating to the development, training, testing, deployment, and use of AI may impose additional compliance obligations (including requirements relating to transparency, documentation, monitoring, and risk management) and may restrict how we develop, market, or offer certain features. Foreign data privacy and security laws impose significant and complex compliance obligations on entities that are subject to those laws.

We are also subject to global laws and regulations that govern or restrict our business and activities in certain countries and with certain persons, including the U.S. Commerce Department's Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions regulations maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC), as well as anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the U.K. Bribery Act.

These laws are examples of the stringent and evolving regulatory frameworks related to our business activities that may increase our compliance obligations and exposure for any noncompliance. For more information on the potential impacts of government regulations affecting our business, see "Risk Factors" included under Part I, Item 1A.

Corporate Information

Our corporate headquarters are located at 310 Littleton Road, Westford, Massachusetts, and our telephone number is (978) 614-4000. We were incorporated in Delaware in 1984.

Our internet address is http://www.NetScout.com. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are made available free of charge on or through our website at ir.netscout.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. None of the information posted on our website is incorporated by reference into this Report.

We webcast our earnings calls and certain events we participate in or host with members of the investment community. They are made available on our investor relations website at ir.netscout.com//investors/events-and-presentations/events-calendar/default.aspx. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance, including SEC filings, investor events, press and earnings releases, as part of our investor relations website. We also use our investor relations website to disclose important information about the Company and comply with our disclosure obligations under Regulation Fair Disclosure. The contents of these sections of our investor relations website are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this report or in any other report or document we file with the SEC.

Table of Contents

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the information included elsewhere in this Annual Report and ~~other~~in ~~documents~~our weother ~~file with the~~ SEC filings. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we have identified as material; but they are not ~~the~~exhaustive; ~~only~~additional risks and uncertainties ~~facing us. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties that affect many other companies. Additional risks and uncertainties~~ not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business, including our results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition.

Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting our results of operations, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

~~Risks~~Summary ~~Related~~of toRisk ~~Our Business and Industry~~Factors

•

Unfavorable and uncertain conditions in our industry, our customers' industries, the global economy, or reductions in information technology spending, could limit our ability to grow or maintain our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

•

~~Unfavorable~~Potential ~~and~~product ~~uncertain~~vulnerabilities ~~conditions~~or incritical ~~the~~security ~~economy both in the United States and abroad~~defects, ~~including~~prioritization ~~conditions~~decisions ~~resulting~~regarding ~~from~~remedying ~~financial~~vulnerabilities ~~and~~or ~~credit~~security ~~market fluctuations~~defects, ~~high~~or ~~interest~~customers ~~rates,~~not ~~inflation,~~deploying ~~bank~~security ~~failures,~~releases international trade policies (including trade protection measures, such as tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers), political turmoil, a shifting regulatory landscape, changes in government spending patterns, natural catastrophes, outbreaks of contagious diseases, warfare, including in Ukraine, and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, the Asia Pacific region or ~~elsewhere,~~deciding ~~could~~not ~~cause~~to aupgrade decrease in business investments, including spending on information technology, and negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations. In addition, we serve certain industries that have historically been cyclical and have experienced periodic downturns that have had a material adverse impact on demand for the products, ~~software, and~~ services ~~that we offer. Many of our customers are concentrated in certain industries~~, ~~including~~or ~~financial~~solutions ~~services,~~could ~~public sector, healthcare, and the service provider market. Furthermore, consolidation in certain industries may~~ result in ~~reduced~~claims ~~overall spending on our products and solutions. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration~~ of ~~any~~liability ~~economic~~against ~~slowdown~~us, ~~instability,~~damage orour ~~recovery~~reputation, ~~generally~~ or ~~how~~otherwise ~~any~~harm ~~such event may impact~~ our business.

•

~~International~~If ~~trade~~our ~~policies,~~products ~~including~~contain ~~trade~~material ~~protection~~errors ~~measures~~or quality issues, such asissues ~~tariffs,~~may ~~sanctions~~be ~~and~~costly ~~trade~~to ~~barriers~~correct, revenue may ~~adversely~~be ~~affect~~delayed, ~~our~~we ~~business,~~could ~~financial~~be ~~condition~~sued, ~~results~~and ofour ~~operations~~reputation ~~and~~could ~~prospects~~be harmed.

•

~~The~~If ~~recent~~our ~~announcements~~information oftechnology ~~new tariffs and restrictive trade policies have created a dynamic and unpredictable trade landscape~~systems, ~~which may adversely impact our business. Although our current business model is not directly reliant on the import~~ or ~~export~~those of ~~physical~~third ~~goods,~~parties ~~trade~~with ~~policies~~whom ~~may~~we ~~indirectly~~work, ~~adversely~~or ~~impact~~ our ~~business~~data ~~and~~are ~~operations.~~or Inwere ~~addition~~compromised, ~~many~~we ofcould ~~our~~experience ~~customers~~adverse ~~operate~~consequences ~~businesses~~resulting ~~that~~from ~~may~~such ~~be impacted by trade policies~~compromise, ~~which~~including ~~may~~but ~~result~~not inlimited ~~decreased~~to ~~demand~~regulatory ~~for~~investigations ~~our products and services~~ or ~~extended~~actions; ~~sales~~litigation; ~~cycles~~fines asand ~~customers~~penalties; ~~assess~~disruptions ~~the impact~~ of ~~evolving~~our ~~trade~~business ~~policies on their~~ operations; ~~and~~reputational ~~face~~harm; ~~increased~~loss ~~costs~~of ~~or decreased~~ revenue ~~due~~or toprofits; ~~tariffs~~ and ~~trade~~other ~~restrictions.~~adverse consequences.

•

~~Trade~~If ~~disputes,~~we ~~trade~~fail ~~restrictions,~~to ~~tariffs,~~introduce ~~and~~new ~~other~~products ~~political tensions between the U.S.~~ and ~~other~~solutions ~~countries may also exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability, and economic recessions~~ or ~~downturns,~~enhance ~~which may also negatively impact customer demand for~~ our ~~services,~~existing ~~delay~~products ~~renewals~~and orsolutions ~~limit~~to ~~expansion~~keep ~~opportunities~~up with ~~existing~~rapid ~~customers,~~technological ~~limit our access to capital~~change, ordemand ~~otherwise~~for ~~negatively impact~~ our ~~business~~products and ~~operations.~~solutions ~~Ongoing tariff and macroeconomic uncertainty has and~~ may ~~continue to contribute to volatility in the price of our common stock~~decline.

•

~~While~~If we ~~continue~~are unable to ~~monitor~~effectively ~~international~~use ~~trade~~or ~~developments~~integrate AI, ~~the~~or ~~ultimate~~if ~~impact~~our use of ~~these~~AI ~~risks~~exposes ~~remains~~us ~~uncertain~~to ~~and~~significant ~~any~~risks, ~~prolonged~~we ~~economic~~may ~~downturn~~not orachieve ~~escalation~~intended inbenefits ~~trade tensions could materially~~ and ~~adversely affect~~ our ~~business,~~ results of operations, ~~financial~~could ~~condition~~be ~~and~~adversely ~~prospects~~affected. ~~In addition, tariffs and other trade developments have and may continue to heighten the risks related to the other risk factors described elsewhere in this report.~~

•

Disruptions in our global supply chain and our reliance on sole or limited source suppliers could adversely impact our business.

•

A portion of our revenue is generated by sales to government entities, which are subject to a number of challenges and risks.

•

Increased customer demands on our technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

•

The success of our business depends, in part, on the continued growth in the market for and the continued commercial demand for enterprise network observability, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity, and DDoS protection solutions.

•

Failure to manage growth properly and to implement enhanced automated systems, including systems with AI, could adversely impact our business.

•

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to manage and leverage our distribution channels. Disruptions to, or our failure to effectively develop and manage, these partners and the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our ability to generate revenues from the sale of our products and services. Managing these distribution channels and relationships requires experienced personnel, and lack of sufficient expertise could lead to a decrease in sales of our products and services, which could cause our operating results to suffer.

•

International trade policies, including trade protection measures such as tariffs, sanctions, and trade barriers may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

•

Our business and operations, and the operations of our customers, partners, and/or suppliers, may be adversely affected by significant business continuity events.

•

Necessary licenses for third-party technology may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

•

Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights.

•

Others may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights.

•

Any current or future indebtedness may limit our operations and our use of our cash flow, and any failure to comply with

Table of Contents

the covenants that apply to any indebtedness could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

•

Any failure to meet our debt obligations could damage our business.

•

We may fail to secure necessary additional financing.

•

The failure to recruit and retain qualified personnel and plan for and manage the succession of key executives could hinder our ability to successfully manage our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and operating results.

•

We may not successfully complete acquisitions or integrate acquisitions we do make, which could impair our ability to compete and could harm our operating results.

•

We face significant competition from other technology companies.

•

Uncertainties in the regulation of the Internet could have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

•

We are subject to stringent and evolving U.S. state, local, and federal, and foreign laws, regulations, and rules, contractual obligations, industry standards, policies, and other obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations (or such failure by third parties with whom we work) could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business, results of operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse business consequences.

•

If we violate the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or applicable anti-bribery laws in other countries, or if we fail to comply with U.S. export controls and government contracting laws, our business could be harmed.

•

Our business is subject to laws, regulations and expectations relating to sustainability, human capital, governance and other corporate responsibility matters, which could increase costs and expose us to additional risks.

•

Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

•

Our effective tax rate may fluctuate, which could increase our income tax expense and reduce our net income.

•

We may be impacted by changes in taxation, trade, tariffs, and other regulatory requirements.

•

Foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial statements.

•

Our estimates and judgments related to critical accounting policies could be inaccurate.

•

If we fail to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, investor confidence in our financial statements could decline, which could negatively impact the market price of our stock or our ability to raise capital.

•

Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations, which may be volatile and due to factors beyond our control.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Unfavorable and uncertain conditions in our industry, our customers' industries, the global economy, or reductions in information technology spending could limit our ability to grow or maintain our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

Unfavorable and uncertain conditions in the economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from financial and credit market fluctuations, high interest rates, inflation, international trade policies (including trade protection measures, such as tariffs, sanctions, and other trade barriers), domestic and international geopolitical unrest and turmoil, a shifting regulatory landscape, changes in government spending patterns, natural catastrophes, outbreaks of contagious diseases, armed conflicts or warfare, and terrorist attacks, could cause a decrease in business investments, including spending on information technology (IT), and negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations. In addition, we serve certain industries that have historically been cyclical and have experienced periodic downturns that have had a material adverse impact on demand for the products, software, and services that we offer. Many of our customers are concentrated in certain industries, including financial services, public sector, healthcare, and the service provider market. Furthermore, consolidation in certain industries may result in reduced overall spending on our products and solutions. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown, instability, or recovery, generally or how any such event may impact our business.

Table of Contents

Potential product vulnerabilities or critical security defects, prioritization decisions regarding remedying vulnerabilities or security defects, or customers not deploying security releases or deciding not to upgrade products, services, or solutions could result in claims of liability against us, damage our reputation, or otherwise harm our business.

The products and services we sell or license to customers, ~~including our cloud-based solutions and our service offerings,~~ may contain vulnerabilities or critical security defects which have not been identified or remedied. We may also make prioritization decisions in determining which vulnerabilities or security defects to fix, and the timing of these fixes, which could result in exploitation that compromises security.

In addition, advances in tools and automation, including artificial intelligence (“AI”), may both increase the speed and sophistication with which vulnerabilities are identified or exploited and influence how vulnerabilities are detected, prioritized, and remediated.

Customers also sometimes need to test security releases before they can be deployed, which can delay implementation. In addition, we rely on third-party providers of software and cloud-based services, and we cannot control the rate at which they remedy vulnerabilities. Customers may also not deploy a security release or decide not to upgrade to the latest versions of our products or services leaving them vulnerable.

If our products contain material errors or quality issues, such issues may be costly to correct, revenue may be delayed, we could be sued, and our reputation could be harmed.

Our products are inherently complex, and, despite our quality assurance processes and testing by our customers and us, errors or quality issues may be found in our products after commencement of commercial shipments, especially when products are first introduced or when new versions are released. These errors may result from components supplied by third parties incorporated into our products, which makes us dependent upon the cooperation and expertise of such third parties for the diagnosis and correction of such errors. If errors are discovered, we may not be able to correct them in a timely manner or at all. In addition, we may need to make significant expenditures to eliminate errors and failures. Material errors and failures in our products could result in loss of or delay in market acceptance of our products and could damage our reputation. Regardless of the source of these defects or errors, we may need to divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts to address the detection and correction of these errors and defects. If one or more of our products fail, a customer may assert warranty and other contractual claims for substantial damages against us. Our contracts with customers contain provisions relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, which may not be upheld. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management's attention and harm the market's perception of us and our products. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage proves inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

The occurrence or discovery of these types of errors or failures could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Any such errors, defects, or security vulnerabilities could also adversely affect the market's perception of our products and business.

If our information technology systems, or those of third parties with whom we work, or our data are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse consequences.

Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity, fraud, and similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our sensitive, proprietary, and confidential information, including personal information, business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, and confidential third-party data, and ~~information~~IT ~~technology~~ systems, and those of the third parties with whom we work. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect and increasingly sophisticated, including through the use of automation and AI, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer "hackers," threat actors, "hacktivists" promoting certain causes, organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse or unintentional disclosure), sophisticated nation states, and nation-state-supported actors.

Increasingly, cyber-attacks are being used for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities to drive strategic advantages for nation states and their supporters. During times of war and other major conflicts, we and the third parties with whom we work may be vulnerable to heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services.

We and the third parties with whom we work are subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks, credential stuffing, credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or human error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, 18

Table of Contents

We have experienced cyber incidents in the past, and we expect to continue to face such risks that could cause us to experience cyber incidents in the future. We and the third parties with whom we work have been, and continue to be, subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social-engineering attacks (including phishing attacks), malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks, credential stuffing, credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or human error, ransomware attacks, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, loss of data or other ~~information~~IT ~~technology~~ assets, telecommunications failures, and other similar threats, including attacks enhanced or facilitated through the use of ~~Artificial~~AI, ~~Intelligence~~such ("as AI")-enabled social engineering attacks. Severe ransomware attacks are also prevalent and could lead to significant interruptions in our operations, ability to provide our products or services, loss of sensitive data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds for us and our customers.

In addition, some of our customers are subject to the EU's Digital Operational Resilience Act and similar UK regulatory requirements on operational resilience which may obligate such customers to impose contractual provisions on us, including certain mandatory third-party risk management provisions. If we fail to materially comply with these contractual requirements, we may be subject to investigations, audits, or other adverse consequences.

Additionally, future or past business transactions could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated systems or technologies. Security issues not previously discovered during due diligence may arise in such systems or technologies.

Our reliance on third parties exposes ~~could~~us ~~also~~to ~~introduce~~ cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, including supply-chain attacks, and other threats to our business operations due to security incidents or other interruptions they experience. For example, we rely on third parties and technologies to operate some of our business systems and process sensitive data in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, cloud-based infrastructure, data center facilities, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, content delivery to customers, and other information systems. We also rely on third-party service providers to provide other products, services, or parts to our customers. ~~While~~Our ~~we have instituted a third-party risk management process that is designed to account for third party specific risks, our~~ ability to monitor these third parties' information security practices is limited. Third parties may not sufficiently maintain their information security measures or may change them without our knowledge or delay notification to us in a timely manner. If the third parties we rely on are subject to a security breach or otherwise suffer disruptions that affect the services we use, as has occurred in the past, the integrity and availability of our internal information could be compromised causing the loss of confidential or proprietary information, damage to our reputation, and economic loss. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties' infrastructure in our supply chain or the supply chains of third parties with whom we work have not been compromised. ~~While~~If ~~we may be entitled to damages if~~ a third party with whom we work fails to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, we cannot be certain that our applicable contracts with these third parties will adequately limit our data privacy or security-related liability to them or others, be sufficient to allow us to obtain indemnification or recovery from them, or be sufficient to cover all or any of our damages.

Although we have multiple and layered controls and security measures designed to prevent, detect, and respond to cyberattacks, experienced computer hackers are increasingly organized and sophisticated, and we cannot guarantee that our security measures will be sufficient to protect against unauthorized access to our IT networks, software, and systems. Malicious attack efforts operate on a large-scale and sometimes offer targeted attacks as a paid-for service. In addition, the techniques used to obtain access or sabotage networks change frequently, and we may be unable to anticipate such techniques, implement adequate preventative measures, or detect and stop security breaches that may arise from such techniques. As a provider of security solutions, we may be a more attractive target for such attacks. Other individuals or entities, including personnel or vendors, may also intentionally or unintentionally provide unauthorized access to our IT environments.

While we take steps to detect, mitigate, and remediate vulnerabilities in our information systems (such as hardware and/or software), vulnerabilities could be exploited and result in a security incident. We rely on third parties for vulnerability reporting including severity assessments that help prioritize patching. We may not, however, detect or remediate all such vulnerabilities including on a timely basis.

Any of the previously identified or similar threats ~~could~~can cause a security ~~incident~~incidents or other ~~interruption~~interruptions that could result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, ~~alternation~~alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive data or our ~~information~~IT ~~technology~~ systems, or those of the third parties with whom we work. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties with whom we work) to provide our products and services.

Applicable data privacy and security obligations may require us, or we may voluntarily choose, to notify relevant stakeholders, including affected individuals, customers, regulators and investors, of security incidents, or take other actions, such as providing credit monitoring and identity theft protection services. Such disclosures and related actions can be costly, and the disclosure or the failure to comply with such applicable requirements could lead to adverse consequences.19

Table of Contents

~~negative~~Applicable ~~publicity;~~data ~~reputational~~privacy ~~harm;~~and ~~interruptions~~security inobligations ~~our~~have ~~operations~~required, ~~(including~~and ~~availability~~may ofin ~~data);~~the ~~financial~~future ~~loss;~~require ~~and~~us, ~~other~~or ~~similar~~we ~~harms.~~may ~~Security~~voluntarily ~~incidents~~choose, ~~and~~to ~~attendant~~notify ~~consequences~~relevant ~~may~~stakeholders, ~~cause~~including affected individuals, customers, toregulators ~~stop~~and ~~using~~investors, ~~our~~of ~~services~~security incidents, ~~deter~~or ~~new~~take ~~customers~~other ~~from~~actions. ~~using~~Such ~~our~~disclosures ~~services~~and related actions could be costly, and ~~negatively~~the ~~impact~~disclosure ~~our~~or ~~ability~~the failure to ~~grow~~comply ~~and~~with ~~operate~~such ~~our~~applicable ~~business.~~requirements could lead to adverse consequences.

If we, or a third party with whom we work, experience a security incident or are perceived to have experienced a security incident, we may experience adverse consequences, such as government enforcement actions; additional reporting, disclosure, notification and/or oversight requirements; restrictions on processing sensitive data; litigation; indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms. Security incidents and attendant consequences may cause customers to stop using our services, deter new customers from using our services, and negatively impact our ability to grow and operate our business.

Our contracts may not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our data privacy and security obligations. We cannot be sure that our insurance coverage will be adequate or sufficient to protect us from or to mitigate liabilities arising out of our privacy and security practices, that such coverage will continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that such coverage will pay future claims.

Our ability to quickly and successfully recover from a disaster, public health crisis, or other business continuity event could affect our ability to deliver our products and negatively impact our business reputation.

The occurrence of a natural disaster, public health crisis, or an act of war or terrorism, or a decision or need to close any of our facilities without adequate notice or time for making alternative arrangements could result in interruptions in the delivery of our products and services. Our central business functions, including administration, human resources, finance services, legal, development, manufacturing and customer support depend on the proper functioning of our computer, telecommunication and other technology systems and operations, some of which are operated or hosted by third parties.

While we have business continuity programs in place, a disruption or failure of systems or operations because of a disaster, public health crisis or other business continuity event could cause data to be lost or otherwise delay our ability to complete sales and provide products and services and provide the highest level of service to our customers. In addition, we could have difficulty producing accurate financial statements on a timely basis, which could have an impact on our ability to make timely disclosures and could adversely affect the trading value of our stock. Although we endeavor to ensure there is redundancy in these systems and that they are regularly backed-up, there is no guarantee that data recovery in the event of a disaster would be effective or occur in an efficient and timely manner. Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our technology infrastructure against damage from business continuity events that could have a significant disruptive effect on our operations. We could experience material adverse interruptions to our operations or delivery of services to our clients in a disaster recovery scenario.

If we fail to introduce new products and solutions or enhance our existing products and solutions to keep up with rapid technological change, demand for our products and solutions may decline.

The market ~~for~~enterprise ~~application and~~ network ~~performance management~~observability, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity ~~solutions~~, and ~~business~~DDoS ~~intelligence~~protection solutions is highly competitive and characterized by rapid changes in technology, including AI, evolving industry standards, changes in customer requirements, a current high level of and increasing competition, and frequent product introductions and enhancements. Our success is dependent upon our ability to meet our customers' needs, which are driven by changes in technologies, new application technologies, new security risks and the emergence of new industry standards. In addition, new technologies may shorten the life cycle for our products and solutions or could render our existing or planned products and services less competitive or obsolete. We must address demand from our customers for advancements in our products and services applications to support our customers' growing needs and requirements in complex networks. To meet this challenge and remain competitive in the market, we must introduce new enhancements ~~and additional form factors~~ to our existing product lines and service offerings. If we are unable to develop, introduce and communicate new enterprise network ~~and~~observability, ~~application~~carrier ~~performance management and~~ service assurance, ~~products~~cybersecurity, ~~network~~and ~~security~~DDoS ~~products,~~protection ~~business~~solutions ~~intelligence~~or products, ~~and solutions~~ ,or enhancements to existing solutions or products in a timely and successful manner, this inability could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

As our success depends in part on our ability to develop product enhancements and new products and solutions that keep pace with continuing changes in technology, cyber risk and customer preferences, we must devote significant resources to research and development, development and introduction of new products and enhancements on a timely basis, and obtaining market acceptance for our existing products and new products. We have introduced and intend to continue to introduce new products and solutions~~, including ongoing migration to "software as a service" as well as cybersecurity products~~. If the introduction of these products and solutions is significantly delayed or if we are unsuccessful in bringing these products and solutions to market, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted. We are developing and are already deploying a number of new products as well as enhancements to our existing products and offerings, as well as additional software only solutions and products available in multiple form factors for most of our existing solutions.

We must invest in research and development to remain competitive in our industry. However, there can be no assurances that continued investment and increased research and development expenses will ultimately result in our maintaining or increasing our market share, which could result in a decline in our operating results. The process of developing new solutions is complex and uncertain; we must commit significant resources to developing new services or features without knowing whether our investments will result in services or features the market will accept. If our research and development expenses increase without a corresponding increase in our revenues, it could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Also, we may not be able to successfully complete the development and market introduction of new products or product enhancements in a timely manner. If we fail to develop and deploy new products and product enhancements on a timely basis, or if we fail to gain market acceptance of our new products, our revenues will likely decline, and we may lose market share to our competitors.

1920

Table of Contents

~~complex~~ ~~and~~If ~~uncertain;~~ we ~~must~~are ~~commit~~unable ~~significant resources~~ to ~~developing~~effectively ~~new~~use ~~services~~ or ~~features~~integrate ~~without~~AI, ~~knowing whether our investments will result in services~~ or ~~features~~if ~~the market will accept. If~~ our ~~research~~use ~~and~~of ~~development~~AI ~~expenses~~exposes ~~increase~~us ~~without~~to asignificant ~~corresponding increase in our revenues~~risks, ~~it could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. Also,~~ we may not beachieve ~~able~~intended tobenefits ~~successfully complete the development~~ and ~~market~~our ~~introduction~~results of ~~new~~operations ~~products~~could orbe ~~product~~adversely ~~enhancements in a timely manner~~affected. If we fail to develop and deploy new products and product enhancements on a timely basis, or if we fail to gain market acceptance of our new products, our revenues will likely decline, and we may lose market share to our competitors.

~~Our~~We ~~reliance~~have onintegrated, ~~sole~~and plan to further integrate, AI technologies developed by third parties and open-source ~~suppliers~~communities into our products, services, and internal operations. These AI-related initiatives, whether successful or not, could ~~adversely~~require ~~impact~~us ~~our~~to ~~business~~incur substantial costs and could result in delays in developing, enhancing, or releasing products and services.

~~Specific~~In ~~components that are necessary for the hardware assembly of our instruments are obtained from separate sole source suppliers or a limited group of suppliers~~addition, ~~including~~AI ~~some~~algorithms ~~with operations in locations with geopolitical uncertainty. These components include our network interface cards~~ and ~~proprietary~~models ~~hardware.~~may ~~Our~~be ~~reliance on sole or limited suppliers involves several risks~~flawed, ~~a lack of control over the manufacturing process~~ and ~~inventory management, potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, and~~ the ~~inability~~datasets tounderlying ~~exercise~~them ~~control~~may ~~over~~be ~~pricing~~insufficient, ~~quality and timely delivery of components. For most of our products~~outdated, weor docontain ~~not~~biased ~~have~~or ~~the~~otherwise ~~internal~~problematic ~~manufacturing~~information. ~~capabilities~~If toAI ~~meet~~tools ~~our~~that ~~customers' demands so~~ we ~~rely on third parties to supplement our capabilities. It is our practice to mitigate these risks by partnering with key suppliers~~develop, ~~including distributors~~integrate, toor ~~establish a variety of supply continuity practices. These practices may include~~use, ~~among~~including ~~other~~AI ~~approaches,~~systems ~~establishing~~that ~~buffer~~operate ~~supply~~with ~~requiring~~varying ~~suppliers~~levels ~~to maintain adequate stocks~~ of ~~materials~~autonomy and ~~use-based~~may ~~and~~interact ~~kanban programs to set supply thresholds. We also maintain escrow arrangements for certain technologies. Where possible, we use widely available off-the-shelf hardware and work~~ with ~~large~~other ~~suppliers~~systems ~~with multiple factories in diverse geographies. However, failure of supply, including because of a public health crisis, geopolitical conflicts, terrorism~~ or ~~war~~tools, ~~tariffs~~generate ~~and associated trade wars~~outputs, ~~sanctions or embargoes~~analyses, or ~~failure~~recommendations tothat ~~execute~~are ~~effectively on any of our risk mitigation practices could result in our inability to obtain adequate supply~~ or ~~deliveries or to ship our products on a timely basis or at all. Moreover, if we~~ are ~~unable~~alleged to ~~continue to acquire from these suppliers on acceptable terms or should any of these suppliers cease to supply us with components for any reason, we may not~~ be ~~able to identify and integrate an alternative source of supply in a timely fashion or at the same costs. Any transition to one or more alternate manufacturers could result in significant delays~~deficient, ~~operational problems~~inaccurate, ~~and~~or ~~increased costs~~biased, ~~and may limit~~ our ~~ability~~reputation, ~~to deliver our products to our customers on time for such transition period or~~business, infinancial ~~extreme circumstances~~condition, ~~at all. These risks could damage relationships with our current~~ and ~~prospective~~results ~~customers,~~of ~~cause~~operations ~~shortfalls~~may inbe ~~expected revenue, and could materially and~~ adversely ~~impact our business, operating results and financial condition~~affected.

AI technologies, including those integrated into our products, services or operations or used by our workforce or vendors, are subject to evolving laws and regulations and increased scrutiny, including with respect to data privacy, cybersecurity and intellectual property.

The use of AI by third parties or us may increase the risk of cybersecurity incidents or unauthorized access and could expose sensitive, confidential, proprietary, or personal data. In addition, while we have policies, protocols, and procedures in place, our use of AI may increase the risk of claims that our use of data, training materials, or outputs violates contractual, legal, or ethical standards, including with respect to intellectual property. Any legislation or regulatory requirements concerning AI adopted domestically or globally may require us to expend significant resources to comply, lead to regulatory investigations, fines, or penalties, require changes to our products, services, or business practices, or prevent or limit our use of AI. In addition, our use of third-party AI services may subject us to risks related to service availability, performance, and cost volatility.

In addition, if we are unable to effectively integrate AI into our products and services, or if our competitors adopt AI more rapidly or successfully, our competitive position may be adversely affected.

Disruptions in our global supply chain and our reliance on sole or limited source suppliers could adversely impact our business.

We rely on a global supply chain for the production of components for our products. Disruptions to the global supply chain generally and hardware shortages caused by the rapid build out of AI data centers have led to and could in the future continue to lead to delays, shortages, longer than normal lead times, unfavorable contractual terms relating to pricing and refundability and cancellation, discontinued components, and increased costs, which could negatively impact our revenue and our results of operations. Continued price increases across our supply chain may adversely affect our gross margins.

In response, we may take steps to mitigate supply-chain issues, including entering into additional or long‑term purchase commitments with suppliers or maintaining higher inventory levels. However, these actions could negatively impact our cash flow and financial results if we do not accurately forecast customer demand or if customers change their purchasing patterns in response to evolving supply‑chain conditions. We continue to monitor supply‑chain categories and key suppliers to manage these risks.

Specific components that are necessary for the hardware assembly of our instruments are obtained from separate sole source suppliers or a limited group of suppliers, including some with operations in locations with geopolitical uncertainty. These components include our network interface cards and proprietary hardware. Our reliance on sole or limited suppliers involves several risks, a lack of control over the manufacturing process and inventory management, potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, and the inability to exercise control over pricing, quality, and timely delivery of components. For most of our products, we do not have the internal manufacturing capabilities to meet our customers' demands so we rely on third parties to supplement our capabilities. It is our practice to mitigate these risks by partnering with key suppliers, including distributors, to establish a variety of supply continuity practices. These practices may include, among other approaches, establishing buffer supply requiring suppliers to maintain adequate stocks of materials and use-based and kanban programs to set supply thresholds. We also maintain escrow arrangements for certain technologies. Where possible, we use widely available off-the-shelf hardware and work with large suppliers with multiple factories in diverse geographies. However, failure of supply, including because of a public health crisis, geopolitical conflicts, terrorism or war, tariffs and associated trade wars, sanctions or embargoes, or failure to execute effectively on any of our risk mitigation practices could result in our inability to obtain adequate supply or deliveries or to ship our products on a timely basis or

Table of Contents

at all. Moreover, if we are unable to continue to acquire from these suppliers on acceptable terms or should any of these suppliers cease to supply us with components for any reason, we may not be able to identify and integrate an alternative source of supply in a timely fashion or at the same costs. Any transition to one or more alternate manufacturers could result in significant delays, operational problems, and increased costs, and may limit our ability to deliver our products to our customers on time for such transition period or, in extreme circumstances, at all. These risks could damage relationships with our current and prospective customers, cause shortfalls in expected revenue, and could materially and adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

A portion of our revenue is generated by sales to government entities, which are subject to a number of challenges and risks.

Our public sector sales are conducted primarily through third‑party distribution and other intermediary arrangements or channel partners, which may limit our control over certain aspects of the sales process and increase our reliance on a limited number of such distributors or channel partners.

Selling to government entities can be highly competitive, expensive, and time-consuming, and often requires significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that we will win a sale. In addition, certain government customers require our products and service offerings to obtain and maintain specific certifications, authorizations, or accreditations, before they may be deployed. The process of obtaining and maintaining such certifications, authorizations, or accreditations can be costly, time-consuming and subject to evolving standards and ongoing compliance requirements, and there can be no assurance that we will obtain, maintain or timely renew any required certifications, authorizations, or accreditations. If we fail to do so, or if applicable requirements change, we may be unable to sell to certain government customers or may incur additional costs, which could adversely affect our public sector revenue.

Government demand and payment for our products and service offerings may also be impacted by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our offerings. Actual or threatened government shutdowns, continuing resolution, sequestration and other fiscal or budgetary disruptions may delay procurements, contract awards, renewals and payments, reduce spending on cybersecurity initiatives and otherwise adversely affect our public sector revenue and cash flows. Government entities may also have statutory, contractual or other legal rights to terminate contracts with us for convenience or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely affect our future operating results.

In the United States, federal government agencies may promulgate regulations, and the President may issue executive orders, requiring federal contractors to adhere to different or additional requirements after a contract is signed. Government contract laws and regulations affect how we do business with our customers and, in some instances, impose added costs on our business, including the establishment of compliance procedures and obtaining and maintaining required security clearances. If we do not meet applicable requirements of law or contract, we could be subject to fines and penalties, contract termination, suspension or debarment from government contracting, or other adverse consequences, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Increased customer demands on our technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

We offer technical support services with many of our products. Our customers depend on our support organization to resolve issues relating to our products deployed on their networks. A high level of support is critical for continued relationships with our customers. If we or our channel partners do not effectively assist our customers in deploying our products, succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues, and provide effective ongoing support, it could adversely affect our ability to sell our products to existing customers and could harm our reputation with existing and potential customers. Any failure to maintain high quality support and services could harm our operating results and reputation. Further, if customers demand these services, and we cannot adequately meet their demand, or if we cannot realize revenues in connection with our provision of services related to product support, it could have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The success of our business depends, in part, on the continued growth in the market for and the continued commercial demand for ~~service~~enterprise ~~delivery~~network observability, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity, and ~~network~~DDoS ~~security~~protection solutions.

We derive nearly all our revenue from the sale of products and services that are designed to ~~allow~~protect our customers tofrom ~~ensure~~cyberattacks ~~the~~and ~~delivery of services through management of the~~ performance and ~~network~~availability ~~security of applications across IP networks~~disruptions. We have expanded our operations in the past through acquisitions and organic growth and may continue to expand them in the future to gain share in the evolving markets in which we operate. Therefore, we must be able to predict the appropriate features and prices for future products to address the market, the optimal distribution strategy, and the future changes to the competitive environment. For us to be successful, our potential customers must recognize the value of more sophisticated application management and network security solutions, decide to invest in the management of their networked applications and adopt our management solutions. Any failure of this market to continue to be viable would materially and adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition. Additionally, businesses may choose to outsource the operations and management of their networks to managed service providers. Our business may depend on our ability to continue to develop relationships with these service providers and successfully market our products to them.

2022

Table of Contents

organic growth and may continue to expand them in the future to gain share in the evolving markets in which we operate. Therefore, we must be able to predict the appropriate features and prices for future products and services to address the market, the optimal distribution strategy, and the future changes to the competitive environment. For us to be successful, our potential customers must recognize the value of more sophisticated solutions, decide to invest in the management of their networks and adopt our management solutions. Any failure of this market to continue to be viable would materially and adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition. Additionally, businesses may choose to outsource the operations and management of their networks to managed service providers. Our business may depend on our ability to continue to develop relationships with these service providers and successfully market our products to them.

Failure to manage growth properly and to implement enhanced automated systems, including systems with AI, could adversely impact our business.

The growth in size and complexity of our business and our customer base has been and will continue to be a challenge to our management and operations. Additional growth will place significant demands on our management, infrastructure, and other resources. To manage further growth effectively, we must increase management depth and enhance succession planning. It is also important to our continued success that we hire qualified employees, properly train them, and ~~manage~~appropriately ~~out~~address ~~poorly~~underperformance ~~performing personnel~~issues, all while maintaining our corporate culture and spirit of innovation. If we are not successful at these efforts, our growth and operations could be adversely affected, and we may not be able to achieve our near- and long-term financial or operational goals. We will also need to maintain and continually improve our financial and management controls, reporting systems, and procedures as our business grows and evolves over time. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our costs, the quality of our products, the effectiveness of our sales organization, our ability to attract and retain key personnel, our business, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted. To manage our growth effectively, we may need to implement new or enhanced automated infrastructure technology and systems, including systems with AI.

Any disruptions or ineffectiveness relating to our systems implementations and enhancements could adversely affect our ability to process customer orders, ship products, provide services and support to our customers, bill and track our customers, fulfill contractual obligations, and otherwise run our business.

As our business evolves, we must also expand and adapt our ~~information technology (~~IT) and operational infrastructure. Our business relies on our data systems, billing systems and other operational and financial reporting and control systems. These systems have become increasingly complex due to the complexity of our business and acquisitions of new businesses with different systems. To manage our technical support infrastructure effectively and improve our sales efficiency, we will need to continue to upgrade and improve our data systems, billing systems, ordering processes, customer relationship management systems, and other operational and financial systems, procedures and controls. These upgrades and improvements may be difficult and costly, and they may require employees to dedicate a significant amount of time to implement. If we are unable to adapt our systems and organization in a timely, efficient, and cost-effective manner to accommodate changing circumstances, our business may be adversely affected.

Our future growth and success may require us to increase the number and use of our indirect sales efforts through our distributors and channel partners and to leverage those relationships to expand these distribution channels and to develop new indirect distribution channels to increase revenue. Our channel partners have no obligation to purchase any products from us. Some of our distribution and channel partners also distribute and sell competitive products and services and the reduction in sales of our products by these partners could materially reduce our revenues. In addition, they could internally develop products that compete with our solutions or partner with our competitors and bundle or resell competitors' solutions, possibly at lower prices. The potential inability to develop relationships with new partners in new markets, expand and manage our existing partner relationships, the unwillingness of our partners to market and sell our products effectively or the loss of existing partnerships or experienced personnel could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Sales to customers outside the United States accounted for 43%, 43%, and 36% of our total revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The need to develop such relationships can be particularly acute in areas outside of the U.S. Recruiting and retaining qualified channel partners and training them in the use of our technology and services and ensuring that they comply with our legal and policy requirements requires significant time and resources throughout the relationship. If we are unable to devote the time necessary to retain and train such channel partners, our revenues could be negatively impacted.23

Our business and operations, and the operations of our customers, partners, and/or suppliers, may be adversely affected by epidemics and pandemics.

We face risks related to epidemics, pandemics, and other outbreaks of communicable diseases that adversely affect the commercial activity, economies, financial markets, and communities in which we and our customers, suppliers and other business partners operate. An epidemic, pandemic, or other outbreak of communicable diseases poses the risk that we, our

Table of Contents

~~customers,~~material ~~suppliers,~~ and ~~other~~adverse ~~business~~impact ~~partners~~on ~~may~~our bebusiness, ~~disrupted~~operating orresults ~~prevented~~and ~~from~~financial ~~conducting~~condition. ~~normal~~Sales ~~business~~to ~~activities~~customers ~~for~~outside ~~certain periods of time,~~ the ~~durations~~United ofStates ~~which~~accounted ~~are~~for ~~uncertain~~45%, 43%, and ~~may~~36% ~~otherwise experience significant impairment~~ of ~~business~~our ~~activities.~~total ~~Our~~revenue ~~business continuity plans and processes may not anticipate or plan~~ for ~~every potential risk scenario for~~ the ~~outbreak~~fiscal ofyears anended ~~epidemic~~March ~~or pandemic and our customers~~31, ~~suppliers~~2026, ~~and~~2025 ~~other business partners may not have similarly robust continuity plans~~ and ~~processes~~2024, ~~in place~~respectively.

InThe ~~addition,~~need weto ~~rely~~develop onsuch ~~third-party~~relationships ~~suppliers~~can ~~and~~be ~~manufacturers~~particularly ~~throughout~~acute ~~the~~in ~~globe,~~areas ~~which~~outside ~~may~~of bethe ~~impacted~~U.S. byRecruiting ~~epidemics~~and orretaining ~~pandemics.~~qualified ~~Future~~channel ~~epidemics~~partners orand ~~pandemics~~training ~~may~~them ~~result~~ in the ~~shutdown~~use of ~~certain~~our ~~businesses~~technology and ~~the~~services ~~closure~~and ofensuring ~~international~~that ~~borders,~~they ~~which~~comply ~~may~~with ~~result in disruptions to~~ our ~~supply~~legal ~~chain,~~and ~~including~~policy ~~from~~requirements ~~temporary~~requires ~~closure~~significant oftime ~~third-party supplier~~ and ~~manufacturer~~resources ~~facilities,~~throughout ~~interruptions in product supply or restrictions on~~ the ~~export~~relationship. orIf ~~shipment of our products, as well as the import of products into countries in which~~ we ~~operate.~~are ~~These~~unable ~~potential~~to ~~events~~retain ~~could~~and ~~have~~train ansuch ~~adverse~~channel ~~effect~~partners, on our revenues ~~and~~could ~~operating~~be ~~results~~negatively impacted.

ToInternational ~~the~~trade ~~extent~~policies, aincluding ~~future~~trade ~~epidemic~~protection ormeasures ~~pandemic~~such ~~adversely~~as ~~affects~~tariffs, ~~our~~sanctions, ~~business~~ and ~~financial~~trade ~~results,~~barriers it may ~~also~~adversely ~~have~~affect ~~the~~our ~~effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this "Risk Factors" section~~business, ~~such~~financial ~~as those relating to the estimates made for our critical accounting policies~~condition, ~~and~~results ~~the operation~~ of ~~internal controls over such estimates~~operations, ~~as well as on our liquidity~~ and ~~on our ability to satisfy any indebtedness obligations and debt covenants~~prospects.

Developments relating to tariffs and restrictive trade policies have created a dynamic trade landscape, which may adversely impact our business. In addition, many of our customers operate businesses that may be impacted by trade policies, which may result in decreased demand for our products and services or extended sales cycles as customers assess the impact of evolving trade policies on their operations and face increased costs or decreased revenue due to tariffs and trade restrictions.

Trade disputes, trade restrictions (including export control laws and regulations and tariffs) and political tensions between the U.S. and other countries may also exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions, including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability and economic recessions or downturns, which may in turn negatively impact customer demand for our products and services, delay renewals, or limit expansion opportunities with existing customers or otherwise negatively impact our business and operations. Ongoing trade-related and macroeconomic uncertainty may contribute to volatility in the price of our common stock.

Although the ultimate impact of these risks has not significantly affected our business to date, it remains uncertain and any prolonged economic downturn or escalation in trade tensions could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. In addition, tariffs and other international trade developments have heightened and may continue to heighten the risks related to the other risk factors described elsewhere in this report.

Our business and operations, and the operations of our customers, partners, and/or suppliers, may be adversely affected by significant business continuity events.

We face risks related to epidemics, pandemics, public health crises, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, and other significant business continuity events that could disrupt our operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and other business partners. Such events may impair or prevent normal business activities for uncertain periods of time and could adversely affect commercial activity, supply chains, financial markets and the communities in which we operate.

We rely on third-party suppliers, manufacturers and service providers globally, and these parties may be impacted by such events, including through facility closures, workforce disruptions, transportation constraints, border closures, or restrictions on the export, import, or shipment of products. These disruptions may result in the delays or interruptions in product availability, increased costs, or reduced demand of our products and services, which could adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

In addition, our operations depend on the effective functioning of our technology infrastructure and systems, many of which are operated or hosted by third parties. The business continuity and disaster recovery programs we maintain may not anticipate or effectively address every risk scenario, and they may not always be fully or even partially successful or effective in preventing or mitigating third-party risks, which are out of our control, that could have a material impact on our business, operations and financial condition. A significant disruption could result in the loss of data, delays in completing sales or providing products and services, challenges in producing accurate and timely financial statements, or difficulties in meeting our disclosure obligations, which could adversely affect our reputation and the trading price of our common stock.

To the extent any such event adversely affects our business or financial results, it may also heighten many of the other risks described in this "Risk Factors" section, such as those relating to the estimates made for our critical accounting policies and the operation of internal controls over such estimates, as well as on our liquidity and on our ability to satisfy any indebtedness obligations and debt covenants.

Table of Contents

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Necessary licenses for third-party technology may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

We currently, and will in the future, license technology from third parties that we use to produce or embed in our products. ~~While we have generally been able to license required third~~Third-party ~~technology to date, third-party~~ licenses required in the future may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain any necessary third-party licenses, we would be required to redesign our product or obtain substitute technology, which may not perform as well, be of lower quality, or be more costly. The loss of these licenses or the inability to maintain any of them on commercially acceptable terms could delay development of future products or the enhancement of existing products. We may also choose to pay a premium price for such a license in certain circumstances where continuity of the licensed ~~product~~technology would outweigh the premium cost of the license. The unavailability of these licenses or the necessity of agreeing to commercially unreasonable terms for such licenses could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

Our success depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property rights.

Our business is heavily dependent on our intellectual property. We rely upon a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws and registrations and non-disclosure and other contractual and license arrangements to protect our intellectual property rights. The reverse engineering, unauthorized copying, or other misappropriation of our intellectual property, including intentionally or unintentionally through AI, could enable third parties to benefit from our technology without compensating us or make claims on our intellectual property. Furthermore, the laws of some foreign jurisdictions do not offer the same protections for our proprietary rights as the laws of the United States, and we may be subject to unauthorized use of our products in those countries. Legal proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights could be burdensome and expensive and could involve a high degree of uncertainty. In addition, legal proceedings may divert management's attention from growing our business. There can be no assurance that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will be adequate to deter misappropriation or loss of proprietary information, or that we will be able to detect unauthorized use by third parties and take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights. The unauthorized copying or use of our products or proprietary information could result in reduced sales of our products and eventually harm our operating results.

Others may claim that we infringe on their intellectual property rights.

We have been and may continue to be subject to claims by others, whether valid or not, that our products infringe on their intellectual property rights, patents, copyrights, or trademarks. Further, intellectual property issues, such as ownership, copyright, and patentability, have not been fully settled with respect to AI technology. ~~These~~Inventions ~~claims, whether valid~~ or ~~not,~~works ~~could~~of ~~require~~authorship uscreated tothrough ~~spend~~the ~~significant~~use ~~sums~~of inAI ~~litigation,~~technology ~~pay damages or royalties, delay product shipments, reengineer our products, rename our products and rebuild name recognition or acquire licenses to such third-party intellectual property. We~~ may ~~not~~ be ~~able~~based toor ~~secure~~rely ~~any required licenses~~ on, ~~commercially reasonable terms~~ or ~~secure them at all~~contain, ~~which~~materials ~~could~~that ~~force~~were ~~our~~used ~~customers to stop using our products, or~~ in the ~~case~~training of ~~resellers~~such technologies and ~~others,~~which ~~stop~~are ~~selling~~subject ~~our~~to ~~products. In some instances, we have defended against specious patent infringement claims by non~~third-~~practicing~~party orintellectual ~~patent assertion entities~~property, which ~~ultimately~~could ~~achieved~~further ~~successful~~limit ~~outcomes.~~our Inability ~~some cases, we have agreed~~ to ~~contract~~obtain ~~terms that indemnify our customers and partners if our products or technology infringe or misappropriate third party~~ intellectual property ~~rights;~~protection ~~therefore,~~in wesuch ~~could~~inventions ~~become~~or ~~involved~~works inof ~~litigation~~ authorship.

22These claims, whether valid or not, could require us to spend significant sums in litigation, pay damages or royalties, delay product shipments, reengineer our products, rename our products and rebuild name recognition, or acquire licenses to such third-party intellectual property. We may not be able to secure required licenses on commercially reasonable terms or secure them at all, which could force our customers to stop using our products, or in the case of resellers and others, stop selling our products. In some instances, we have defended against specious patent infringement claims by non-practicing or patent assertion entities and ultimately achieved successful outcomes. In some cases, we have agreed to contract terms that indemnify our customers and partners if our products or technology infringe or misappropriate third party intellectual property rights; therefore, we could become involved in litigation or claims brought against our customers or partners if our products or technology are the subject of such allegations. Any of these claims or resulting events could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Table of Contents

or claims brought against our customers or partners if our products or technology are the subject of such allegations. Any of these claims or resulting events could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Liquidity and Financial Condition

Any current or future indebtedness may limit our operations and our use of our cash flow, and any failure to comply with the covenants that apply to any indebtedness could adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

We are party to a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which provides for a five-year $600.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $75.0 million. We may elect to use the ~~new~~ credit facility for working capital ~~purposes~~or ~~(including~~for toother ~~finance~~capital ~~the~~allocation ~~repurchase of common stock)~~purposes. The commitments under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will expire on October 4, 2029, and any outstanding loans will be due on that date. As of the date of this report, we did not have any amounts outstanding under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Our debt level can have negative consequences, including exposing us to future interest rate risk. We may incur significantly more debt in the future, and there can be no assurance that our cost of funding will not substantially increase. Our current revolving credit facility also imposes certain restrictions on us; for a more detailed description please refer to "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Upon an event of default, for example, the administrative agent, with the consent of, or at the request of, the holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the loans and commitments, may terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans outstanding and enforce certain other remedies under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and other loan documents, which would adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. If we take on additional indebtedness, the risks described above could increase.

Table of Contents

will expire on October 4, 2029, and any outstanding loans will be due on that date. As of the date of this report, we did not have any amounts outstanding under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

The revolving credit facility also imposes certain restrictions on us; for a more detailed description please refer to "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Upon an event of default, for example, the administrative agent, with the consent of, or at the request of, the holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the loans and commitments, may terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans outstanding and enforce certain other remedies under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and other loan documents, which would adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. If we take on additional indebtedness, the risks described above could increase.

Moreover, our debt level can have negative consequences, including exposing us to future interest rate risk. We may incur additional debt in the future, and there can be no assurance that our cost of funding will not substantially increase at that time.

Any failure to meet our debt obligations could damage our business.

Our ability to meet our obligations, if any, under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will depend on market conditions and our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to remain profitable, or if we use more cash than we generate in the future, our level of indebtedness at such time could adversely affect our operations by limiting or prohibiting our ability to obtain financing for additional capital expenditures, acquisitions and general corporate purposes. In addition, if we are unable to make payments as may be required under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we would be in default under the terms of the loans, which could result in the acceleration of our indebtedness, restrictions on our operations, or the exercise of remedies by the lenders, and seriously harm our business. If we incur significantly more debt, this could intensify the risks described above.

We may fail to secure necessary additional financing.

Our future success may depend in part on our ability to obtain additional financing to support our continued growth and operations and any downgrades in our credit rating could affect our ability to obtain additional financing in the future or may affect the terms of any such financing. If our existing sources of liquidity are insufficient to satisfy our operating requirements, we may need to seek to raise capital by one or more of the following:

•

•issuing additional common stock or other equity instruments;

•

•acquiring additional bank debt;

•

•issuing debt securities; or

•

•obtaining lease financings.

However, we may not be able to obtain additional capital when we want or need it, or capital may not be available on satisfactory terms, including in light of current macroeconomic conditions, such as heightened inflation and increasing interest rates, stock price volatility, and the risk of a potential recession. Furthermore, any additional capital may have terms that adversely affect our business, such as new financial or operating covenants, or that may result in dilution to our stockholders.

We expect that existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, cash provided from operations and our bank credit facilities will be sufficient to meet ongoing cash requirements. However, our failure to generate sufficient cash as our debt becomes due or to renew credit lines prior to their expiration could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

Table of Contents

Other Risks Related to Our Business

We operate in global markets where there is intense competition for experienced personnel. We depend on our ability to identify, recruit, hire, train, develop and retain qualified and effective professionals and to attract and retain talent needed to execute our business strategy. Our future success depends in large part upon our ability to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled employees, particularly executives, sales and marketing personnel, software engineers, and technical support personnel. The complexity of our products, software systems and services require highly trained professionals. The labor market for these individuals has historically been very competitive due to the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding. If we are unable to attract and retain the highly skilled technical personnel that are integral to our sales, marketing, product development and technical support teams, the rate at which we can generate sales and develop new products or product enhancements may be limited. This inability could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Table of Contents

complexity of our products, software systems and services require highly trained professionals. The labor market for these individuals has historically been very competitive due to the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding. If we are unable to attract and retain the highly skilled technical personnel that are integral to our sales, marketing, product development and technical support teams, the rate at which we can generate sales and develop new products or product enhancements may be limited. This inability could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

In addition, we must maintain the size of our sales force to support our direct sales and indirect sales channels. Because our products are very technical, salespeople require a comparatively long period of time to become productive, typically three to twelve months. This lag in productivity, as well as the challenge of attracting qualified candidates, may make it difficult to maintain our sales force. If we are unable to maintain our sales capability, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted.

Loss of key personnel or a failure of our succession plan could adversely impact our business. Our future success depends to a significant degree on the skills, experience and efforts of Anil Singhal, our President, Chief Executive Officer, and co-founder, and our other key executive officers and senior managers to work effectively as a team. Effective succession planning is also important for our long-term success~~. For example~~, ~~on May 8, 2025, we announced the retirements from their roles of Ms. Bua, our Chief Financial Officer,~~ and ~~Mr.~~any ~~Szabados,~~future ~~our~~failure ~~Chief Operating Officer, each~~ to ~~be effective May 31, 2025, and the appointments of Mr. Piazza as our new Chief Financial Officer and Mr. Munshi as our new Chief Operating Officer, each to be effective on June 1, 2025. Failure to~~ ensure effective transfers of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution. The loss of one or more of our key personnel could have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition. We must, therefore, continuously plan for and manage the succession of key executives due to retirement, illness, or competitive offers.

Our business is subject to evolving ESG laws, regulations and expectations that could expose us to numerous risks, including risks to our reputation, business, financial performance and growth.

We and our suppliers are subject to, and may become subject to, evolving laws and regulations pertaining to identifying, measuring, and reporting ESG matters. In addition, regulators, customers, investors, employees and other stakeholders remain focused on ESG matters and related disclosures. These changing rules, regulations and stakeholder expectations have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, expense and management time and attention spent complying with or meeting such regulations and expectations. We also communicate certain ESG initiatives and goals in our public disclosures. Statements about our ESG initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. If our ESG-related data, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail or are perceived to have failed to achieve progress with respect to our ESG goals on a timely basis, or at all, our reputation, business, financial performance and growth could be adversely affected. However, the lack of harmonization in the ESG legal and regulatory landscape across the jurisdictions in which we operate may subject us to enhanced compliance risks and costs. In the U.S., efforts targeting diversity, equity, and inclusion programs and ESG efforts whether through legislation, policies, investigations, litigation, and regulatory scrutiny could result in the Company facing additional obligations, becoming the subject of investigations or enforcement actions, or sustaining reputational harm.

We may not successfully complete acquisitions or integrate acquisitions we do make, which could impair our ability to compete and could harm our operating results.

We may choose to acquire complementary businesses, products, or technologies to remain competitive or expand our business. We investigate and evaluate potential acquisitions of complementary businesses, products, and technologies in the ordinary course of business. We may compete for acquisition opportunities with entities having significantly greater resources than we have. As a result, we may not succeed in acquiring some or all businesses, products, or technologies that we seek to acquire. Our inability to effectively consummate acquisitions on favorable terms could significantly impact our ability to compete effectively in our targeted markets and could negatively affect our results of operations.

Table of Contents

acquire. Our inability to effectively consummate acquisitions on favorable terms could significantly impact our ability to compete effectively in our targeted markets and could negatively affect our results of operations.

Acquisitions that we do complete could adversely impact our business. The potential adverse consequences from acquisitions include:

•

•the potentially dilutive issuance of common stock or other equity instruments;

•

•the incurrence of debt and amortization expenses related to acquired intangible assets;

•

•the potential litigation or other liabilities or claims or regulatory actions in connection with an acquisition;

•

•the incurrence of significant costs and expenses to complete the acquisition and integrate the acquired business; and

•

•the potentially negative impact of poor performance of an acquisition on our earnings per share.

•

Acquisition transactions also involve numerous business risks. These risks from acquisitions include:

•

•difficulties in assimilating the acquired operations, technologies, personnel, and products;

•

•difficulties in assimilating diverse financial reporting and management information systems as well as differing ordering processes and customer relationship management systems;

•

•use of cash to pay for acquisitions that may limit other potential uses of our cash, including stock repurchases and repayment of outstanding indebtedness;

•

•substantial accounting charges for restructuring and related expenses, write-off of in-process research and development, impairment of goodwill, amortization or impairment of intangible assets and share-based compensation expense;

•

•the potential loss of key employees, customers, distributors, or suppliers; and

•

•the inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition or investment costs.

Table of Contents

If we are not able to successfully manage these issues, the anticipated benefits and efficiencies of the acquisitions may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected, and our ability to compete, our revenue and gross margins and our results of operations may be adversely affected.

We face significant competition from other technology companies.

The ~~service~~enterprise ~~assurance~~network observability, ~~application~~carrier ~~performance~~service ~~management~~assurance, ~~network security~~cybersecurity, ~~cybersecurity~~ and ~~business~~DDoS ~~intelligence~~protection solutions markets are highly competitive, rapidly evolving, and fragmented markets that have overlapping technologies and competitors, both large and small, and we expect increasing competition on solutions offerings and pricing. We believe customers make ~~service management system, network security, cybersecurity and business intelligence~~ purchasing decisions based primarily upon the following factors:

•

•product and service performance, functionality, and price;

•

•timeliness of new product and service introductions;

•

•network capacity;

•

•ease of installation, integration, and use;

•

•customer service and technical support;

•

•name and reputation of vendor;

•

•quality and value of the product and services; and

•

•alliances with industry partners.

We compete with a large and growing number of providers of ~~service~~enterprise ~~assurance~~network observability, ~~application~~carrier ~~performance~~service ~~management~~assurance, ~~solutions~~cybersecurity, ~~network security offerings~~ and ~~network~~DDoS ~~traffic~~protection ~~analyzers and probes, as well as with providers of business intelligence services~~solutions. In addition, leading network equipment, network security and service assurance and application technology vendors offer their own management solutions, including products which they license from other competitors. Some of our current and potential competitors have greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, management, marketing, service, support, technical, distribution and other resources than we do. Other competitors may take greater advantage of emerging new technologies and applications to compete with us. In addition, some of our customers develop their own in-house solutions to meet their technological needs. Further, in recent years some of our competitors have been acquired by larger companies that are seeking to enter or expand in the markets in which we operate. We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions in an evolving industry. Therefore, given their larger size and greater resources, our competitors may be able to respond more effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards and customer requirements, including by lowering prices to attract our customers, and may be less dependent on key industry events to generate sales for their products.

25As a result of the competitive factors highlighted in this section and in other risk factors, including the introduction of disruptive technologies, we may not be able to compete effectively with our current or future competitors. If we are unable to anticipate or react to these competitive challenges or if existing or new competitors gain market share in any of our markets, our competitive position could weaken, and we could experience a decline in our sales that could adversely affect our business and operating results. This competition could result in increased pricing pressure, reduced profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses, and failure to increase, or the loss of market share, any of which would likely have a material and adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Uncertainties in the regulation of the Internet could have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be materially adversely affected by increased regulation of the Internet in any country where we operate, as well as access to or commerce conducted on the Internet. Governments may change or increase regulations or impose restrictions on sales, licensing, distribution, and the exporting or importing of certain technologies to or from certain countries.

The adoption of additional regulations of the Internet could decrease demand for our products, and, at the same time, increase the cost of selling our products, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governments. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. These laws and regulations may also impact our innovation and business drivers in developing or using new and emerging technologies, including those related to AI and machine learning.

Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing Internet access could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, lost profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions or other consequences, and could materially

Table of Contents

Asadversely aaffect ~~result~~our ~~of the competitive factors highlighted in this section and in other risk factors~~business, ~~including the introduction of disruptive technologies~~reputation, weresults may not be able to compete effectively with our current or future competitors. If we are unable to anticipate or react to these competitive challenges or if existing or new competitors gain market share in any of ~~our~~operations ~~markets, our competitive position could weaken~~ and wefinancial ~~could experience a decline in our sales that could adversely affect our business and operating results~~condition. ~~This~~In ~~competition could result in increased pricing pressure~~addition, ~~reduced~~responding ~~profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses, and failure~~ to ~~increase, or the loss of market share,~~ any ofaction ~~which~~will ~~would~~ likely ~~have~~result in a ~~material~~significant ~~and~~diversion ~~adverse~~of ~~impact~~management’s onattention ~~our business, operating results~~ and ~~financial condition~~resources.

~~Uncertainties~~We ofare ~~regulation~~subject ofto ~~the~~stringent ~~Internet~~and evolving U.S. state, local, and ~~data~~federal, ~~traveling~~and ~~over~~foreign ~~the~~laws, ~~Internet~~regulations, orand ~~over~~rules, ~~the~~contractual ~~use~~obligations, ofindustry AIstandards, policies, and ~~evolving~~other ~~technologies~~obligations ~~could~~related ~~have~~to adata ~~material~~privacy and ~~adverse~~security. ~~impact~~Our onactual ~~our~~or ~~financial~~perceived ~~condition~~failure to comply with such obligations (or such failure by third parties with whom we work) could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business, results of operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse business consequences.

We could be materially adversely affected by increased regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce in any country where we operate, as well as access to or commerce conducted on the Internet. Further, governments may change or increase regulation or restriction of sales, licensing, distribution, and exporting or importing of certain technologies to certain countries. The adoption of additional regulation of the Internet and Internet commerce could decrease demand for our products, and, at the same time, increase the cost of selling our products, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Failure to comply with governmental laws and regulations related to evolving technologies, such as AI, could harm our business. Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governments. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. These laws and regulations may also impact our innovation and business drivers in developing or using new and emerging technologies, including those related to AI and machine learning. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, enforcement actions, lost profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions or other consequences. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, reputation, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources.

We are subject to stringent and evolving U.S. state, local, and federal, and foreign laws, regulations and rules, contractual obligations, industry standards, policies, and other obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual, or perceived failure to comply with such obligations (or such failure by the third parties with whom we work) could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business, results of operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; and other adverse business consequences.

Our data processing activities subject us to numerous data privacy and security obligations, such as various laws, regulations, guidance, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contractual requirements, and other obligations relating to data privacy and security. The regulatory framework for data privacy and security issues worldwide has and will continue to evolve, and as a result, legal requirements and enforcement practices are likely to continue to impact business requirements regarding the processing of sensitive data. In many jurisdictions, enforcement activities and consequences for noncompliance are rising.

In the United States, federal, state, and local governments have enacted and are continuing to enact numerous data privacy and security laws, including data breach notification laws, personal information privacy laws, consumer protection laws, and other similar laws. Furthermore, under various privacy laws and other obligations, we may be required to obtain certain consents to process personal information. Our inability or failure to do so could result in adverse consequences.

InNumerous ~~the past few years, numerous~~ U.S. states have enacted comprehensive data privacy and security laws that impose certain obligations on covered businesses, including providing specific disclosures in privacy notices and affording residents with certain rights concerning their personal information, such as the right to access, correct, or delete certain personal information. As applicable, the exercise of these rights may impact our business and ability to provide our products and services. These state laws allow for statutory fines for noncompliance. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, applies to personal information of consumers, business representatives, and employees who are California residents and provides for fines for intentional violations and allows private litigants affected by certain data breaches to recover significant statutory damages. These developments may further complicate compliance efforts and increase legal risk and compliance costs for us and the third parties with whom we work.

Outside the United States, a number of laws, regulations, and industry standards also govern data privacy and security. These and other obligations may be subject to differing applications and interpretations, which may be inconsistent or conflict among jurisdictions. For example, the EU GDPR, the United Kingdom's GDPR and similar laws in other countries impose strict requirements for processing personal information. ~~Preparing~~Complying ~~for and complying~~ with these obligations requires us to devote resources and may necessitate changes to our services, information technologies, systems, and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal information on our behalf.

26In addition, we may be unable to transfer personal information from Europe and other jurisdictions to the United States or other countries due to data localization requirements or limitations on cross-border data transfers. The various legal mechanisms available to transfer personal information from Europe to the United States and other countries such as the European Economic Area’s standard contractual clauses, the UK's International Data Transfer Agreement/Addendum, and the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework, are subject to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that in the future we will be able to rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal information to the United States. If there is no lawful manner for us to transfer personal information from Europe or other jurisdictions to the United States, or if the requirements for a legally-compliant transfer are too onerous, we could face significant adverse consequences, including the interruption or degradation of our operations, the need to relocate part of or all of our data processing activities to other jurisdictions at significant expense, increased exposure to regulatory actions, fines and penalties, the inability to transfer data and work with resellers, vendors and other third parties, and injunctions against our processing or transferring of personal information necessary to operate our business.

Table of Contents

considerable resources and may necessitate changes to our services, information technologies, systems, and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal information on our behalf.

In addition, we may be unable to transfer personal information from Europe and other jurisdictions to the United States or other countries due to data localization requirements or limitations on cross-border data transfers. In particular, the European Economic Area ("EEA") and the United Kingdom ("UK") have significantly restricted the transfer of personal information to the United States and other countries. Other jurisdictions may adopt similarly stringent interpretations of their data localization and cross-border data transfer laws. Although there are currently various legal mechanisms available to transfer personal information from Europe to other countries, including the United States, such as the EEA's standard contractual clauses, the UK's International Data Transfer Agreement/Addendum and the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework and the UK extension thereto (which allows for transfers to relevant U.S.-based organizations who self-certify compliance and participate in the Framework), these mechanisms are subject to legal challenges, and there is no assurance that we can satisfy or rely on these measures to lawfully transfer personal information to the United States. If there is no lawful manner for us to transfer personal information from Europe or other jurisdictions to the United States, or if the requirements for a legally-compliant transfer are too onerous, we could face significant adverse consequences, including the interruption or degradation of our operations, the need to relocate part of or all of our data processing activities to other jurisdictions at significant expense, increased exposure to regulatory actions, fines and penalties, the inability to transfer data and work with resellers, vendors and other third parties, and injunctions against our processing or transferring of personal information necessary to operate our business.

In addition to data privacy and security laws, we are also bound by contractual obligations related to data privacy and security, and our efforts to comply with such obligations may not be successful.

We publish policies, marketing materials and other statements regarding our data privacy and security compliance activities. Regulators in the United States are increasingly scrutinizing these statements, and if these policies, materials or statements are found to be inaccurate, misleading, or incomplete we may be subject to investigation, enforcement actions by regulators, or other adverse consequences.

Table of Contents

We may at times fail, or be perceived to have failed, in our efforts to comply with our data privacy and security obligations. Moreover, despite our efforts, our personnel or third parties with whom we work may fail to comply with such obligations, which could negatively impact our business operations. If we or the third parties with whom we work fail, or are perceived to have failed, to address or comply with applicable data privacy and security obligations, we could face significant consequences, including but not limited to: government enforcement actions; litigation; additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; bans on processing personal information; and orders to destroy or not use personal information. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, or financial condition, including but not limited to, loss of customers, inability to process personal information or to operate in certain jurisdictions, limited ability to develop or commercialize our products, expenditure of time and resources to defend any claim or inquiry, adverse publicity, or substantial changes to our business model or operations.

A material portion of our revenue is derived from international sales. We must comply with foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials and others, as well as anti-competition regulations.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment and requires companies to maintain appropriate record-keeping and internal accounting practices to accurately reflect the transactions of the company. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by agents or local partners or representatives. In addition, regulators may seek to hold us liable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies which we acquire. We are also subject to the U.K. Bribery Act and may be subject to anti-corruption laws of other countries in which we do business.

In addition to anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws, we are also subject to the export and re-export control laws of the U.S., including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and the Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC), as well as to U.S. and state and local government contracting laws, complex procurement rules and regulations, and may be subject to government contracting laws of other countries in which we do business. If we or our distributors, resellers, agents, or other intermediaries fail to comply with the FCPA, the EAR, OFAC, or U.S. or state and local government contracting laws, or the anti-corruption, export or governmental contracting laws of other countries, governmental authorities in the U.S. or other countries could seek to impose civil and/or criminal penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial conditions and cash flows. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, restrictions on our business conduct including suspension or debarment from future government business, and on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries. Such violations could also adversely affect our reputation with existing and prospective customers, which could negatively impact our operating results and growth prospects.

27Our business is subject to laws, regulations and expectations relating to sustainability, human capital, governance and other corporate responsibility matters, which could increase costs and expose us to additional risks.

~~Table~~We and our suppliers are subject to evolving laws and regulations pertaining to identifying, measuring, and reporting sustainability, human capital, governance, and other corporate responsibility matters. In addition, regulators, customers, investors, employees, and other stakeholders remain focused on these matters and related disclosures. These changing rules, regulations, and requirements have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, expense, time, and attention spent complying with or meeting such regulations. We also communicate certain corporate responsibility initiatives and goals in our public disclosures. Statements about our initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. If our corporate responsibility-related data, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail or are perceived to have failed to achieve progress with respect to our corporate responsibility goals on a timely basis, or at all, may expose us to government investigations, enforcement actions or private litigation, and our reputation, business, financial performance and growth could be adversely affected. The lack of ~~Contents~~harmonization in the legal and regulatory landscape across the jurisdictions in which we operate may also subject us to enhanced compliance risks and costs.

countries could seek to impose civil and/or criminal penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial conditions and cash flows. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, restrictions on our business conduct including suspension or debarment from future government business, and on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries. Such violations could also adversely affect our reputation with existing and prospective customers, which could negatively impact our operating results and growth prospects.

General Risk Factors

Table of Contents

Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

We generally release guidance regarding our future performance on our quarterly earnings conference calls, quarterly earnings releases, and otherwise. Such guidance, which includes forward-looking statements, reflects our management’s estimates as of the date of release and is based on projections prepared by our management. We may also decide not to release, or to defer, issuing guidance, where such guidance might not be appropriate or when we do not have sufficient visibility or clarity to issue such guidance. In those situations, we expect to communicate our reasons for not releasing or deferring release of guidance.

Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, some of which will change. The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business outlook with analysts and investors. We are not responsible for any projections or reports published by any such analysts or investors.

Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions underlying the guidance furnished by us will not materialize or will vary significantly from actual results. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date of release. Actual results may vary from our guidance, and the variations may be material. In light of the foregoing, investors are urged not to rely solely upon our guidance in making an investment decision regarding our common stock.

Any failure to successfully implement or execute our operating strategy or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances set forth in this "Risk Factors" section in this report could result in the actual operating results being different from our guidance, and the differences may be adverse and material.

Our effective tax rate may fluctuate, which could increase our income tax expense and reduce our net income.

Our effective tax rate or the taxes we owe could be adversely affected by several factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:

•

•changes in the relative proportions of revenues and income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which we operate that have differing statutory tax rates;

•

•changing tax laws, regulations, and interpretations in multiple jurisdictions in which we operate as well as the requirements of certain tax rulings;

•

•changes in the research and development tax credit laws;

•

•earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory rates and being higher than anticipated in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory rates;

•

•the valuation of generated and acquired deferred tax assets and the related valuation allowance on these assets;

•

•transfer pricing adjustments;

•

•the tax effects of purchase accounting for acquisitions and restructuring charges that may cause fluctuations between reporting periods; and

•

•tax assessments or any related tax interest or penalties that could significantly affect our income tax expense for the period in which the settlements take place.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and in numerous foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, we may receive notices that a tax authority in a particular jurisdiction believes that we owe a greater amount of tax than we have reported to such authority. ~~While~~There wecan ~~regularly~~be ~~assess~~no ~~the~~assurance ~~likelihood~~that ~~of adverse outcomes from such examinations and the adequacy of~~ our provision for income taxes, ~~there can be no assurance that such provision~~ is sufficient and that a determination by a tax authority will not have an adverse effect on our results of operations. An adverse change in our effective tax rate could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations and the price of our common stock could decline if our financial results are materially affected by an adverse change in our effective tax rate.

Table of Contents

We may be impacted by changes in taxation, trade, tariffs, and other regulatory requirements.

We are subject to income tax in local, national, and international jurisdictions. In addition, our products are subject to import and excise duties and/or sales or value-added taxes ("VAT") in many jurisdictions. We are also subject to the examination of our tax returns and other tax matters by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities and governmental bodies. We regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for taxes. Additionally, changes in or the improper application of import and excise duties and or sales taxes or VAT may negatively impact our operating results. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations. Fluctuations in tax rates and duties, changes in tax legislation or regulation or adverse outcomes of these examinations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Table of Contents

Additionally, changes in or the improper application of import and excise duties and or sales taxes or VAT may negatively impact our operating results. There can be no assurance as to the outcome of these examinations. Fluctuations in tax rates and duties, changes in tax legislation or regulation or adverse outcomes of these examinations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

There is increased uncertainty with respect to tax policy, continuing trade agreements, and trade relations between the U.S. and other countries. Major developments in tax policy or trade relations, such as the imposition of unilateral or retaliatory tariffs or international sanctions on imported products, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial statements.

A material portion of our revenue is derived from international operations. Our consolidated financial results are reported in U.S. dollars. Most of the ~~revenue and~~ expenses of our foreign subsidiaries are denominated in local currencies. Given that cash is typically received over an extended period of time for many of our license and support agreements and given that a material portion of our revenue is generated outside of the United States, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates (including the Euro, British Pound, Indian Rupee, and Canadian Dollar) against the U.S. dollar could result in substantial changes in reported revenues and operating results due to the foreign exchange impact upon translation of these transactions into U.S. dollars.

In the normal course of business, we employ various hedging strategies to partially mitigate these risks, including the use of derivative instruments. These strategies may not be effective in fully protecting us against the effects of fluctuations from movements in foreign exchange rates, including the increased volatility in foreign exchange rates relating to ~~the~~armed ~~war~~conflicts inor ~~Ukraine~~wars, ~~future~~related ~~global~~geopolitical ~~pandemics~~tensions, ~~and~~as ~~other~~well ~~events~~as public health crises. Fluctuations of the foreign exchange rates could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flow.

Additionally, sales and purchases in currencies other than the U.S. dollar expose us to fluctuations in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar and may adversely affect our financial statements. Increased strength of the U.S. dollar increases the effective price of our products sold in U.S. dollars into other countries, which may require us to lower our prices or adversely affect sales. Decreased strength of the U.S. dollar could adversely affect the cost of materials, products, and services we purchase overseas. Sales and expenses of our non-U.S. businesses are also translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes and the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar could result in unfavorable translation effects. In addition, we may invoice customers in a currency other than the functional currency of our business, and movements in the invoiced currency relative to the functional currency could also result in unfavorable translation effects. We also face exchange rate risk from our investments in subsidiaries owned and operated in foreign countries.

Our estimates and judgments related to critical accounting policies could be inaccurate.

We consider accounting policies related to revenue recognition, and valuation of goodwill to be critical in fully understanding and evaluating our financial results. Management makes judgments and creates estimates when applying these policies. These estimates and judgments affect, among other things, the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, the amounts of charges accrued by us, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and at the time they are made. If our estimates or the assumptions underlying them are not correct, actual results may differ materially from our estimates and we may need to, among other things, accrue additional charges or impair assets that could adversely impact our business. As a result, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in future periods.

~~Our~~If we fail to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, ~~may~~investor ~~not~~confidence bein ~~effective~~our financial statements could decline, which could negatively impact the market price of our stock or our ability to raise capital.

Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting ~~may~~are ~~not~~designed ~~prevent~~to ~~all~~provide ~~material~~reasonable ~~errors~~assurance ~~and~~regarding ~~intentional~~the ~~misrepresentations.~~reliability ~~Any~~of ~~system~~our offinancial ~~internal~~reporting ~~control~~and ~~can~~the ~~only~~preparation ~~provide~~of ~~reasonable~~financial ~~assurance~~statements ~~that~~in ~~all~~accordance ~~control~~with ~~objectives~~applicable ~~are~~accounting ~~met~~standards. ~~Some~~Like ofall ~~the~~control ~~potential risks involved could include~~systems, ~~but~~they are ~~not~~subject ~~limited~~ to, ~~management~~inherent ~~judgments,~~limitations ~~simple~~and ~~errors~~may not prevent or ~~mistakes,~~detect ~~misinterpretation~~all errors, ~~and~~misstatements ~~willful~~or ~~misconduct~~intentional ~~regarding controls~~misconduct. ~~Under~~These ~~Section~~limitations ~~404~~may ofarise ~~the Sarbanes-Oxley Act~~from, weamong ~~are~~other ~~required~~things, tomanagement ~~evaluate~~judgments, ~~and~~human ~~determine~~errors, ~~the~~misinterpretation ~~effectiveness~~ of ~~our~~information ~~internal~~or ~~control~~circumvention ~~over~~of ~~financial reporting~~controls. ~~Compliance with~~

2932

Table of Contents

~~this~~Under ~~provision~~Section ~~requires~~404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, management's ~~attention~~is required to evaluate and ~~expense.~~determine ~~Management's~~the ~~assessment~~effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, ~~may~~which orrequires ~~may~~significant ~~not~~management ~~identify~~attention ~~weaknesses~~and ~~that~~resources. ~~need~~As toour bebusiness, ~~addressed~~operations, insystems ~~our~~and ~~internal~~regulatory ~~control~~requirements ~~system.~~evolve, If we ~~are~~may ~~unable~~be required to ~~conclude~~modify ~~that~~or enhance our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting isto ~~effective,~~address ~~investors~~new ~~could~~or ~~lose~~increased ~~confidence~~complexity. inIf ~~our~~we ~~reported~~are ~~financial~~unable ~~information~~to ~~which~~adapt ~~could~~our ~~have~~controls anto ~~adverse~~such ~~effect~~changes onin the ~~market~~future, ~~price~~or ofif ~~our~~control ~~stock~~deficiencies orarise ~~impact~~that ~~our~~are ~~borrowing~~not ~~ability.~~adequately ~~In addition~~remediated, ~~changes~~investor inconfidence ~~operating conditions and changes~~ in ~~compliance~~our ~~with~~reported ~~policies~~financial ~~and~~information ~~procedures~~could ~~currently~~decline, inwhich ~~place~~could ~~may~~negatively ~~result~~impact inthe ~~inadequate~~market ~~disclosure~~price ~~controls~~of ~~and~~our ~~procedures~~stock ~~and~~or ~~internal~~our ~~control~~ability ~~over~~to ~~financial~~access ~~reporting in the future~~capital.

Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations, which may be volatile and due to factors beyond our control.

The market price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed in this "Risk Factors" section and elsewhere in this report, factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include the following:

•

•ratings changes by any securities analysts who follow our company;

•

•announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;

•

•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;

•

•changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

•

•actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;

•

•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or our products and platform capabilities, or third-party proprietary rights;

•

•cybersecurity attacks or incidents;

•

•announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;

•

•changes in our board of directors or management;

•

•announced or completed equity or debt transactions involving our securities;

•

•sales of shares of our common stock by us, our officers, directors, or other stockholders; and

•

•other events or factors, including those resulting from global and macroeconomic conditions, including heightened inflation, rising interest rates, bank failures, and a potential recession, and speculation regarding the same, as well as public health crises, ~~the~~armed ~~war~~conflicts ~~in Ukraine~~ or ~~other~~ wars, ~~and~~ related geopolitical ~~tension~~tensions, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.

In addition, the market for technology stocks and the stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. A decline in the value of our common stock, including as a result of one or more factors set forth above, may result in substantial losses for our stockholders.

3033

Table of Contents

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Risk management and strategy

NetScout has implemented and maintains information security processes designed to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats to our critical computer networks, third party hosted services, communications systems, hardware and software, and our critical data, including intellectual property, confidential information, and the information of our customers and employees ("Information Systems and Data").

Our Cybersecurity Executive Council ("Council"), which is led by the Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO") and includes our Chief Information Officer ("CIO"), Chief Operating Officer ("COO"), General Counsel ("GC"), Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"), SVP of Research & Development, ~~Senior~~and ~~Director of Engineering,~~ SVP of Global Services Operations, ~~and AVP of Engineering,~~ oversees NetScout's cybersecurity program, including strategy, threats, risks, and mitigations. The CISO, who reports to the CIO, ~~and the Senior Director of Engineering, who reports to the SVP of Research and Development,~~ with oversight by the Council, ~~work~~works to identify and assess risks from cybersecurity threats by monitoring and evaluating our threat environment and NetScout's risk profile using various methods such as implementing manual and automated tools, subscribing to services that identify cybersecurity threats, analyzing reports of certain threats and actors, conducting scans of the threat environment, evaluating our and our industry’s risk profile, conducting audits and threat assessments, conducting vulnerability assessments to identify vulnerabilities, and engaging in tabletop incident response exercises.

Depending on the environment, we implement and maintain various technical, physical, and organizational measures, processes, and policies designed to manage and mitigate material risks from cybersecurity threats to our Information Systems and Data, including, among other things: incident response, identity and access management, vulnerability management, logging and systems monitoring, disaster recovery and business continuity plans; risk assessments; encryption of certain data; network security controls for certain systems; data segregation and access controls for certain systems; physical security measures; asset management; annual employee training; certain testing; and IT and software development lifecycle training. NetScout also employs certain proprietary detection tools, enabling enhanced visibility and warning systems in response to certain cybersecurity threats.

We also use third-party service providers to assist us from time to time to identify, assess, audit and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats, including professional services firms, threat intelligence service providers, cybersecurity consultants, cybersecurity software providers and certain testing firms.

We use third-party service providers to perform a variety of other functions throughout our business, such as application providers, hosting companies, and supply chain resources (such as shipping). We have a vendor management program to manage cybersecurity risks associated with our use of these providers. Depending on the nature of the services provided, the sensitivity of the Information Systems and Data at issue, and the identity of the provider, our vendor management process may involve risk assessments, data privacy and security questionnaires, risk assessments, and imposition of cybersecurity-related contractual obligations on the vendor.

Our risk-based assessment and management of material risks from cybersecurity threats are integrated into NetScout’s overall risk management processes. Cybersecurity risks are addressed as a component of NetScout’s enterprise risk management program and our enterprise risk management processes include an Enterprise Risk Management Steering Committee ("Steering Committee"), led by the CCO and includes all members of the Council as well as other members of management, that meets quarterly and considers ways to mitigate cybersecurity threats that are more likely to lead to a material impact to our business. The Steering Committee evaluates material risks from cybersecurity threats against our overall business objectives and provides a risk register report to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (“Audit Committee”), which evaluates our overall enterprise risk.

Governance

Our Board of Directors addresses NetScout's cybersecurity risk management as part of its oversight function. The ~~Board of Directors'~~ Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing NetScout's cybersecurity risk management processes, including oversight of mitigation of risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Council, in turn, oversees management's cybersecurity efforts.

31Table of Contents

Our cybersecurity risk assessment and management processes are implemented and maintained by certain members of NetScout's management, including our CISO, who reports to the CIO and has over 25 years of experience in cybersecurity and information technology management, the CCO, who reports to the General Counsel, and the Senior Director of Engineering, who reports to the SVP of Research and Development~~, for security~~.

The CISO and Senior Director of Engineering are each responsible for helping to integrate cybersecurity risk considerations into NetScout’s overall risk management strategy and communicating key priorities to relevant personnel. The CISO and Senior Director of Engineering are also responsible for helping prepare for cybersecurity incidents, approving cybersecurity processes, and reviewing security assessments and other security-related reports.

Our cybersecurity incident response policy and plan are designed to escalate certain cybersecurity incidents to a Security Incident Response Team ("SIRT"), comprised of the CIO, CISO, GC, CCO and Senior Director of Engineering. The SIRT works with NetScout’s incident response team to help NetScout mitigate and remediate cybersecurity incidents of which they are notified. In addition, NetScout's incident response plan includes reporting to the CEO and Chair of the Audit Committee ~~of the Board of Directors~~ for certain cybersecurity incidents. NetScout's Cybersecurity Disclosure Committee, which includes the SIRT and the Chief Financial Officer, ~~assess~~assesses the materiality of cybersecurity incidents for potential disclosure requirements according to an escalation process defined in NetScout's Cybersecurity Protocol for Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

The Board of Directors receives quarterly reports from the CISO and CIO concerning NetScout's significant cybersecurity threats and risk and the processes NetScout has implemented to address them. The Board of Directors also receives various reports, summaries and presentations related to cybersecurity strategy, threats, risk and mitigation.

To date, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents and the expenses we have incurred from cybersecurity incidents were immaterial. For a description of the risks from cybersecurity threats that may materially affect NetScout and how they may do so, see our risk factors under Part 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report.

Item 2. Properties

Our headquarters and our U.S. manufacturing are located in Westford, MA, in approximately 175,000 square feet of space under a lease expiring in September 2030. InAs ~~addition~~of March 31, 2026, we ~~lease~~leased 18 facilities in 10 countries of approximately 600,000 square feet of office and~~/or~~ ~~manufacturing~~warehousing space inand other ~~locations~~related ~~globally~~facilities, ~~with~~primarily ~~some~~in of the ~~more~~United ~~significant~~States, ~~locations~~Europe ~~from~~and aIndia. ~~cost~~Additional orinformation ~~size~~regarding ~~perspective~~our ~~being~~leases inis ~~Allen,~~provided ~~Texas;~~in ~~San~~Note ~~Jose,~~18 ~~California;~~to ~~Ann~~the ~~Arbor,~~consolidated ~~Michigan; Colorado~~financial ~~Springs,~~statements ~~Colorado;~~included ~~Bangalore,~~in ~~India;~~Item ~~Pune,~~8 ~~India;~~of ~~and~~this ~~Shanghai,~~Form ~~China~~10-K.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate expense with respect to any current legal proceedings and claims, if determined adversely, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

For additional information regarding our legal proceedings, if any, refer to Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 15 of this report.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

3235

Table of Contents

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, under the symbol NTCT.

Stockholders

At May 7, ~~2025~~2026, we had 7470 stockholders of record. We believe that the number of beneficial holders of our common stock exceeds 24,000.

Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NetScout under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

The Stock Performance Graph set forth below compares the yearly change in the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock during the five-year period from March 31, ~~2020~~2021 through March 31, ~~2025~~2026 with the cumulative total return of the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Nasdaq U.S. Benchmark Computer Services TR Index. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on March 31, ~~2020~~2021 in our common stock or in the Nasdaq Composite Index, or the Nasdaq U.S. Benchmark Computer Services TR Index, as applicable, and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any.

Table of Contents

The stock price performance shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Information used in the graph was obtained from Zacks Investment Research, Inc.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN

Assumes Initial Investment of $100

	3/31/2020		3/31/2021		3/31/2022		3/31/2023		3/31/2024		3/31/2025
NetScout Systems, Inc.	$	100.00	$	118.97	$	135.51	$	121.01	$	92.24	$	88.72
Nasdaq Composite – Total Returns	$	100.00	$	173.40	$	187.36	$	162.49	$	219.49	$	233.47
Nasdaq US Benchmark Computer Services TR Index	$	100.00	$	156.36	$	161.07	$	135.40	$	171.22	$	187.44

Table of Contents


	3/31/2021		3/31/2022		3/31/2023		3/31/2024		3/31/2025		3/31/2026
NetScout Systems, Inc.	$	100.00	$	113.91	$	101.72	$	77.53	$	74.57	$	112.82
Nasdaq Composite – Total Returns	$	100.00	$	108.06	$	93.71	$	126.58	$	134.65	$	169.11
Nasdaq US Benchmark Computer Services TR Index	$	100.00	$	103.01	$	86.59	$	109.50	$	119.88	$	122.25

Dividend Policy

In fiscal years ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025, we did not declare any cash dividends and do not anticipate declaring cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our credit facility limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock. It is our intention to retain all future earnings for reinvestment to fund our expansion and growth, ~~to pay down our debt,~~ and to fund our stock buyback program further described under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 7. Any future cash dividend declaration will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, general financial conditions, capital requirements, existing bank covenants and general business conditions.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Table of Contents

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

	Total Numberof SharesPurchased (1)	Average PricePaid per Share		Total Number ofShares Purchasedas Part of PubliclyAnnounced Plansor Programs	Maximum Number of Shares That MayYet be PurchasedUnder theProgram
1/1/2025 - 1/31/2025	5,027	$	22.60	—	23,023,279
2/1/2025 - 2/28/2025	551	24.09		—	23,023,279
3/1/2025 - 3/31/2025	250	21.50		—	23,023,279
Total	5,828	$	22.69	—	23,023,279

The following table provides information about purchases we made during the quarter ended March 31, 2026 of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act:

(1)We purchased an aggregate of 5,828 shares transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock units during the period. Such purchases reflected in the table do not reduce the maximum number of shares that may be purchased under our 25 million share repurchase program authorized in May 2022 (2022 Share Repurchase Program).


	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
1/1/2026 - 1/31/2026		—	$	—	—			21,521,049
2/1/2026 - 2/28/2026		589,000		29.03		589,000		20,932,049
3/1/2026 - 3/31/2026		411,000		29.53		411,000		20,521,049
Total		1,000,000	$	29.23		1,000,000		20,521,049

(1) On May 3, 2022, the Company's board of directors approved a share repurchase program that enables the Company to repurchase up to twenty-five million shares of its common stock (2022 Share Repurchase Program). The 2022 Share Repurchase Program became effective in the third quarter of fiscal year 2024. The Company is not obligated to acquire any specific amount of common stock within any particular timeframe as a result of the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the Company repurchased 1,000,000 shares of its common stock.

Item 6. [Reserved]

3537

Table of Contents

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial information and the notes thereto included in this Annual Report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion and other parts of this Annual Report contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially due to the factors discussed in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report. These factors may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statement. See the section titled "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" that appears at the beginning of this Annual Report.

Overview

We are an industry leader with over four decades of experience in providing enterprise network observability, carrier service assurance, cybersecurity, and ~~cybersecurity~~DDoS, protection solutions. ~~that~~Our unique visibility platform and solutions are ~~based~~powered onby our pioneering ~~deep~~DPI, ~~packet inspection~~ technology at scale, which is used by many Fortune 500 companies to protect their digital business services against disruption. Service providers and enterprises, including local, state and federal government agencies, rely on our solutions to achieve the visibility and protection necessary to optimize network performance, ensure the delivery of high-quality, mission-critical applications and services, gain timely insight into the end -user experience, and to protect their networks from attack. The majority of our solutions are designed to provide Smart Data, a high-fidelity, decision-grade data foundation derived from real-time network activity across legacy, hybrid, and cloud-native environments. This data enables a unified view of performance, availability, and security, supports faster root-cause analysis and operational decision-making, and is increasingly used to inform broader observability platforms and automated and AI-driven workflows. With our offerings, customers can quickly, efficiently and effectively identify and resolve issues that result in downtime, ~~interruptions~~service ~~to services~~interruptions, poor service quality, or compromised data, thereby reducing ~~meantime-~~mean time to- resolution of issues and driving compelling returns on their investments in their networks and broader technology initiatives. ~~Some~~Significant ~~of the more significant~~ technology trends and catalysts for our business include the evolution of customers' digital transformation initiatives, such as ~~the~~ migration to cloud environments and to the edges of their networks,; the rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape,; advancements in artificial intelligence and business analytics ~~advancements~~that can enhance observability and are increasing the need for high-quality, real-time data to support automated and AI-driven operations; and the continued evolution and potential opportunities related to 5G technology ~~evolution~~across in both the service provider and enterprise customer verticals.

Our operating results are influenced by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the volume, mix, and quantity of products and services sold,; pricing, costs and availability of materials used in our products,; growth in employee-related costs, including commissions,; and the expansion of our operations. Factors that affect our ability to maximize our operating results include, but are not limited to,: our ability to introduce and enhance existing products,; the marketplace acceptance of those new or enhanced products,; continued expansion into international markets,; expansion into new or adjacent markets,; development of strategic partnerships,; competition,; successful acquisition and integration efforts,; and our ability to control costs and make improvements in a highly competitive industry.

Global and Macroeconomic Conditions

We continue to closely monitor current global and macroeconomic conditions, including the impacts of ~~the~~armed ~~ongoing~~conflicts ~~wars~~or ~~in Ukraine and the Middle East~~warfare, global geopolitical tension, stock market volatility, industry-specific capital spending trends, exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, interest rates, international trade relations (including trade protection measures, such as tariffs and other trade barriers), and the risk of a recession, including the manner and extent to which they have impacted and could continue to impact our business, customers, employees, supply chain, and distribution network. In addition, our industry is experiencing AI-related supply-chain dynamics which could influence the timing and size of certain customer orders. The full extent of the impacts of these global and macroeconomic conditions remain ~~uncertain~~dynamic. InWe ~~response~~remain tooptimistic ~~the~~but ~~war~~cognizant inof ~~Ukraine,~~ongoing wemacroeconomic ~~ceased~~dynamics ~~business~~and ~~operations~~constrained customer spending in ~~Russia,~~the ~~including~~service ~~sales,~~provider ~~support~~market onand ~~existing~~firmly ~~contracts~~focused ~~and~~on ~~professional~~driving ~~services.~~product ~~The~~innovation, ~~macroeconomic~~sustaining ~~environment~~annual ~~remains~~revenue ~~challenging~~growth, ~~with~~and ~~constrained~~enhancing ~~customer~~margins ~~spending~~through ~~and~~continued wedisciplined ~~expect~~cost ~~this~~management toas ~~persist~~we ~~during~~navigate ~~fiscal~~the ~~year~~current ~~2026~~macroeconomic landscape. As a result, we have continued our efforts to manage discretionary costs and align spending with the current environment while we continue to execute on our long-term strategic plans.

Though we continue to monitor the impacts of evolving global and macroeconomic conditions on our business, we believe our current cash reserves and access to capital through our revolving credit facility leave us well-positioned to manage our business in today's environment. We expect net cash provided by operations combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, debt service requirements and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months. We continue to take actions to manage costs and increase productivity throughout our company, including managing discretionary spending and hiring activities, but are continuing to invest in areas that advance our business for the future. In addition to our cash equivalents, based on covenant levels at March 31, 2025, we had an incremental $600 million available to us under our revolving credit facility.38

Table of Contents

Though we continue to monitor the impacts of evolving global and macroeconomic conditions on our business, we believe our current cash reserves and access to capital through our revolving credit facility leave us well-positioned to manage our business in today's environment. We expect net cash provided by operations combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility to provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months. We continue to take actions to manage costs and increase productivity throughout our company, including managing discretionary spending and hiring activities, but are continuing to invest in areas that advance our business for the future. In addition to our cash equivalents, based on covenant levels at March 31, 2026, we had an incremental $600 million available to us under our revolving credit facility.

Results Overview

Total revenue ~~decreased~~increased $636.8 million, or 4% for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026, as compared to ~~total revenue for~~ the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2024.~~2025, Indriven ~~the~~by ~~aggregate,~~increases ~~the~~in ~~decline~~both product and service revenue. Growth was ~~primarily~~supported ~~attributable~~by tohigher ~~the~~demand ~~Test~~for ~~Optimization~~service ~~business~~assurance ~~(TO~~and ~~Business)~~cybersecurity weofferings ~~divested~~across inenterprise ~~September~~and ofservice ~~2024.~~provider ~~Additionally,~~customer ~~fiscal~~verticals. ~~year~~International ~~2024~~revenue ~~benefited~~increased ~~from~~8% ~~approximately~~and ~~$48~~U.S. ~~million~~revenue ofincreased 2%.

36Our gross profit percentage increased by one percentage point to 79% during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 as compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 primarily driven by a two percentage point increase to 86% in product gross profit percentage due to a more favorable product mix associated with increased licensing of our software products.

Net income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 was $95.5 million as compared with net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 of $366.9 million. The increase of $462.5 million in net income was primarily due to the absence of goodwill impairment charges in 2026, compared to $427.0 million in goodwill impairment charges in fiscal year 2025, as well as a $36.8 million increase in revenue, a $19.6 million decrease in restructuring charges, a $5.5 million decrease in interest expense, and a $3.1 million increase in interest income. The increases to net income were partially offset by a $21.8 million increase in income tax expense, and a $17.9 million increase in employee-related expenses primarily due to an increase in variable incentive compensation.

At March 31, 2026, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities and investments (current and non-current) of $705.1 million . This represents an increase of $212.7 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to $294.5 million of net cash provided by operations, $67.9 million proceeds from maturity of marketable securities, $11.8 million proceeds from sale of an equity investment, partially offset by $163.4 million used to purchase of marketable securities, $60.8 million used to repurchase shares of our common stock, $15.9 million used for tax withholdings on restricted stock units, and $9.1 million used for capital expenditures, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.

Table of Contents

backlog-related revenue that created a headwind for fiscal year 2025 and a challenging comparison. Adjusting for these two factors, revenue would have increased on a year-over-year basis. The decrease in total revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 as compared to total revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 reflected lower revenue from both service provider and enterprise customers from service assurance offerings, including radio frequency propagation modeling projects, due to industry-specific capital spending constraints, as well as a decrease in revenue from service provider customers from cybersecurity offerings, partially offset by an increase in revenue from enterprise customers from cybersecurity offerings.

Our gross profit percentage increased by one percentage point to 78% during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 as compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to lower employee-related expenses in fiscal year 2025.

Net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 was $366.9 million, as compared with net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 of $147.7 million. The increase of $219.2 million in net loss was primarily due to a $209.7 million increase in goodwill impairment charges, a $20.1 million increase from restructuring charges, a $6.8 million decrease in revenue, a $6.7 million increase in expenses related to trade shows, user conferences, and other events, a $5.6 million decrease in other income mainly due to the change in fair value of a foreign equity investment, a $5.6 million increase in legal fees mainly due to a favorable decision related to the Packet Intelligence LLC appeal recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, a $3.8 million gain on the divestiture of the TO business recognized in fiscal year 2024, a $2.5 million increase in commissions expense, a $2.0 million increase from software licenses, and a $1.6 million increase in other marketing related expenses. These increases to net loss were partially offset by a $21.0 million net decrease in employee related expenses as a result of a decrease in headcount, partially offset by an increase in variable incentive compensation, a $7.0 million decrease in amortization expense of intangible assets, a $4.0 million decrease from depreciation expense, a $1.9 million decrease in advertising expense, a $1.6 million decrease in rent and other facilities related costs, a $1.5 million decrease in interest expense, a $1.3 million decrease in direct material costs, a $1.3 million decrease in the cost of materials used to support customers under service contracts, and a $1.1 million increase in interest income.

At March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities and investments (current and non-current) of $492.5 million. This represents an increase of $68.4 million compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. This increase was primarily due to $217.7 million of net cash provided by operations, partially offset by a net $100.0 million used to repay long-term debt, $25.3 million used to repurchase shares of our common stock, $13.9 million used for tax withholdings on restricted stock units, $5.4 million used for capital expenditures, $2.8 million used for the payment of debt issuance costs, and $1.3 million used to acquire technology licenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We supplement the United States ~~generally accepted accounting principles (~~GAAP) financial measures we report in quarterly and annual earnings announcements, investor presentations and other investor communications by reporting the following non-GAAP measures: non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP diluted net income per share ~~(diluted) and non-GAAP earnings before interest and other expense~~, ~~income taxes, depreciation,~~ and ~~amortization~~adjusted ~~(Non-GAAP~~ EBITDA~~) from operations~~. Non-GAAP gross profit removes expenses related to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, and acquisition-related depreciation expense from gross profit (GAAP). Non-GAAP income from operations includes the aforementioned adjustments related to non-GAAP gross profit and also removes ~~restructuring charges,~~ goodwill impairment charges, ~~gain~~executive ontransition ~~the~~costs, ~~divestiture~~and ofrestructuring acharges ~~business,~~from ~~and~~income ~~legal~~ (~~benefit~~loss) ~~expense~~from ~~related~~operations ~~to civil judgments~~(GAAP). Non-GAAP net income includes the foregoing adjustments related to non-GAAP income from operations, and also removes ~~loss~~the onincome ~~extinguishment~~tax effects of ~~debt,~~such ~~and~~adjustments ~~change~~as inwell ~~fair~~as ~~value~~any ofloss ~~derivative~~on ~~instrument,~~extinguishment ~~net~~ of ~~related~~debt from net income ~~tax~~(loss) ~~effects~~(GAAP). Non-GAAP diluted net income per share is non-GAAP net income divided by total outstanding shares on a diluted basis. Adjusted EBITDA includes the ~~foregoing~~aforementioned adjustments related to non-GAAP net income and also removes interest and other expense, income taxes, and non-acquisition related depreciation from net income (GAAP). ~~Non~~Beginning in the third quarter of fiscal year 2026, we have renamed non-GAAP EBITDA from operations ~~includes~~to ~~the~~adjusted ~~aforementioned~~EBITDA. ~~items~~We ~~related~~now reconcile this metric to ~~non-~~GAAP net income, ~~from~~however, ~~operations~~the adjustments included, and ~~also~~the ~~removes~~resulting ~~non-acquisition~~amounts ~~related~~are ~~depreciation~~unchanged ~~expense~~from prior periods. This change is intended to align terminology with common market practice.

These non-GAAP measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, should not be considered an alternative for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP (~~revenue,~~ gross profit, ~~operating~~income ~~margin~~(loss) from operations, net income, and diluted net income per share), and may have limitations because they do not reflect all our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures. The presentation of non-GAAP information is not meant to be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures should not be used to evaluate our results of operations against those of our peers or other companies, as the definitions and calculations of our non-GAAP measures may not be the same as those used by other companies, even if the measures share the same name.

Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures will enhance the reader's overall understanding of our current financial performance and our prospects for the future by providing a higher degree of transparency for certain financial measures and providing a level of disclosure that helps investors understand how wemanagement ~~plan~~plans and ~~measure~~measures our business. We believe that providing these non-GAAP measures ~~affords~~to investors provides them with a view of our operating results that may be more easily compared to peer companies and also enables investors to consider our operating results on both a GAAP and non-GAAP basis during and following the integration period of our acquisitions. Presenting the GAAP measures on their own may not be indicative of our core operating results. Furthermore, management believes that the presentation of non-GAAP measures when shown in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures provides useful information to management and investors regarding present and future business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations.

37The following table reconciles gross profit, income (loss) from operations, net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share on a GAAP and non-GAAP basis for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively (dollars in thousands, except for per share data):

Table of Contents

core operating results. Furthermore, management believes that the presentation of non-GAAP measures when shown in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures provides useful information to management and investors regarding present and future business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31,
	2026			2025			2024
Revenue	$	859,482		$	822,679		$	829,455

GAAP gross profit	$	682,494		$	643,944		$	642,043
Share-based compensation expense		9,830			9,806			10,229
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		2,202			3,978			6,549
Acquisition related depreciation expense		7			6			12
Non-GAAP gross profit	$	694,533		$	657,734		$	658,833

GAAP income (loss) from operations	$	109,825		$	(367,602	)	$	(149,826	)
Share-based compensation expense		59,948			64,785			70,799
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		46,804			50,418			56,886
Restructuring charges		883			20,500			—
Goodwill impairment		—			426,967			217,260
Acquisition related depreciation expense		48			47			119
Executive transition costs		959			—			—
Gain on divestiture of a business		—			—			(3,806	)
Legal benefit related to civil judgments		—			—			(4,380	)
Non-GAAP income from operations	$	218,467		$	195,115		$	187,052

GAAP net income (loss)	$	95,531		$	(366,922	)	$	(147,734	)
Share-based compensation expense		59,948			64,785			70,799
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		46,804			50,418			56,886
Restructuring charges		883			20,500			—
Goodwill impairment		—			426,967			217,260
Acquisition-related depreciation expense		48			47			119
Executive transition costs		959			—			—
Gain on divestiture of a business		—			—			(3,806	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			1,134			—
Legal benefit related to civil judgments		—			—			(4,380	)
Change in fair value of derivative instrument		—			—			(206	)
Income tax adjustments		(22,135	)		(36,503	)		(29,828	)
Non-GAAP net income	$	182,038		$	160,426		$	159,110
GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share	$	1.30		$	(5.12	)	$	(2.07	)
Per share impact of non-GAAP adjustments identified above		1.18			7.34			4.27
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share	$	2.48		$	2.22		$	2.20

GAAP net income (loss)	$	95,531		$	(366,922	)	$	(147,734	)
Previous adjustments to determine non-GAAP net income		86,507			527,348			306,844
Non-GAAP net income		182,038			160,426			159,110

Interest and other income, net non-GAAP		(8,683	)		(2,942	)		(5,110	)
Depreciation excluding acquisition related depreciation expense		9,681			13,321			17,981
Income tax expense non-GAAP		45,112			37,631			33,052
Adjusted EBITDA	$	228,148		$	208,436		$	205,033

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Revenue	$	822,679	$	829,455	$	914,530
GAAP gross profit	$	643,944	$	642,043	$	691,432
Share-based compensation expense	9,806		10,229		8,415
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	3,978		6,549		9,284
Acquisition related depreciation expense	6		12		22
Non-GAAP gross profit	$	657,734	$	658,833	$	709,153
GAAP income (loss) from operations	$	(367,602)	$	(149,826)	$	77,664
Share-based compensation expense	64,785		70,799		61,986
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	50,418		56,886		64,674
Restructuring charges	20,500		—		1,782
Goodwill impairment	426,967		217,260		—
Acquisition related depreciation expense	47		119		241
Gain on divestiture of a business	—		(3,806)		—
Legal (benefit) expense related to civil judgments	—		(4,380)		476
Non-GAAP income from operations	$	195,115	$	187,052	$	206,823
GAAP net income (loss)	$	(366,922)	$	(147,734)	$	59,648
Share-based compensation expense	64,785		70,799		61,986
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	50,418		56,886		64,674
Restructuring charges	20,500		—		1,782
Goodwill impairment	426,967		217,260		—
Acquisition-related depreciation expense	47		119		241
Gain on divestiture of a business	—		(3,806)		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,134		—		—
Legal (benefit) expense related to civil judgments	—		(4,380)		476
Change in fair value of derivative instrument	—		(206)		1,380
Income tax adjustments	(36,503)		(29,828)		(30,626)
Non-GAAP net income	$	160,426	$	159,110	$	159,561
GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share	$	(5.12)	$	(2.07)	$	0.82
Per share impact of non-GAAP adjustments identified above	7.34		4.27		1.36
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share	$	2.22	$	2.20	$	2.18
GAAP income (loss) from operations	$	(367,602)	$	(149,826)	$	77,664
Previous adjustments to determine non-GAAP income from operations	562,717		336,878		129,159
Non-GAAP income from operations	195,115		187,052		206,823
Depreciation excluding acquisition related	13,321		17,981		21,003
Non-GAAP EBITDA from operations	$	208,436	$	205,033	$	227,826

Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We consider accounting policies and estimates related to revenue recognition, and valuation of goodwill to be critical in fully understanding and evaluating our financial results. We apply significant judgment and create estimates when applying these policies.

Revenue Recognition

We exercise judgment and use estimates in connection with determining the amounts of product and service revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.

We derive revenues primarily from the sale of network management tools and cybersecurity solutions for service provider and enterprise customers, which include hardware, software, and service offerings. Our product sales consist of ~~software only~~ offerings ~~and offerings~~ which include hardware appliances with embedded software that are essential to providing customers the intended functionality of the solutions, and software only offerings.

We account for revenue once a legally enforceable contract with a customer has been approved by the parties and the related promises to transfer products or services have been identified. A contract is defined by us as an arrangement with commercial substance identifying payment terms, each party's rights and obligations regarding the products or services to be transferred and the amount we deem probable of collection. Customer contracts may include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether the products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or as one combined performance obligation may require significant judgment. Revenue is recognized when control of the products or services ~~are~~is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for products and services.

Product revenue is typically recognized upon fulfillment, provided a legally enforceable contract exists, control has passed to the customer, and in the case of software products, when the customer has the rights and ability to access the software, and collection of the related receivable is probable. If any significant obligations to the customer remain post-delivery, typically involving obligations relating to installation and acceptance by the customer, revenue recognition is deferred until such obligations have been fulfilled. Our service offerings include installation, integration, extended warranty and maintenance services, post-contract customer support, stand-ready SaaS solutions and other professional services including consulting and training. We generally provide software and/or hardware support as part of product sales. Revenue related to the initial bundled software and hardware support is recognized ratably over the support period. In addition, customers can elect to purchase extended support agreements for periods after the initial software/hardware warranty expiration. Support services generally include rights to unspecified upgrades (when and if available), telephone and internet-based support, updates, bug fixes and hardware repair and replacement. Consulting services are recognized upon delivery or completion of performance depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenditures incurred in connection with providing consulting services are included in services revenue, with the offsetting expense recorded in cost of service revenue. Training services include on-site and classroom training. Training revenues are recognized upon delivery of the training.

Generally, our contracts are accounted for individually. However, when contracts are closely interrelated and dependent on each other, it may be necessary to account for two or more contracts as one to reflect the substance of the group of contracts.

Bundled arrangements are concurrent customer purchases of a combination of our product and service offerings that may be delivered at various points in time. We allocate the transaction price among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative standalone selling prices (SSP) of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP for each of the products and services sold, based primarily on the performance obligation's historical pricing. We also consider our overall pricing objectives and practices across different sales channels and geographies, and market conditions. Generally, we have established SSP for a majority of our service performance obligations based on historical standalone sales. In certain instances, we have established SSP for services based upon an estimate of profitability and the underlying cost to fulfill those services. SSP has primarily been established for product performance obligations as the average or median selling price the performance obligation was recently sold for, whether sold alone or sold as part of a bundle transaction. We review sales of the product performance obligations on a quarterly basis and update, when appropriate, SSP for such performance obligations to ensure that it reflects recent pricing experience. Our products are distributed through our direct sales force and indirect distribution channels through alliances with resellers and distributors. Revenue arrangements with resellers and distributors are recognized on a sell-in basis; that is, when control of the product transfers to the reseller or distributor. We record consideration given to a customer as a reduction of revenue to the extent we have recorded revenue from the customer. With limited exceptions, our return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. Returns have been insignificant to date. In addition, we have a history of successfully collecting receivables from our resellers and distributors.

3942

Table of Contents

to a customer as a reduction of revenue to the extent we have recorded revenue from the customer. With limited exceptions, our return policy does not allow product returns for a refund. Returns have been insignificant to date.

Valuation of Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to annual impairment tests; or more frequently if events or circumstances occur (a "Triggering Event") that would indicate the fair value of our reporting unit is below its carrying value. We perform the assessment annually during the fourth quarter and on an interim basis if potential impairment indicators arise.

Reporting units are determined based on the components of a company's operating segments that constitute a business for which financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by segment management. We have one reporting unit.

To test impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. If based on our qualitative assessment it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying amount, quantitative impairment testing is required. However, if we conclude otherwise, quantitative impairment testing is not required. The key assumption used in the quantitative impairment testing is the company-specific control premium, which is estimated using expected synergies that would be realized by a hypothetical buyer.

Comparison of Years Ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025

The sections that follow discuss our consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 and March 31, ~~2024~~2025 including results as a percentage of revenue for those periods. For a discussion of (i) our consolidated statement of operations data for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2023~~2024 including results as a percentage of revenue for that period, as well as (ii) our liquidity and capital resources for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2023~~2024, see "Comparison of Years Ended March 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024" and "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2024~~2025, filed with the SEC on May 1615, ~~2024~~2025.

Results of Operations

Revenue

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	2025				2024				Change
			% ofRevenue				% ofRevenue		$		%
Revenue:
Product	$	359,894	44	%	$	360,444	43	%	$	(550)	—	%
Service	462,785		56		469,011		57		(6,226)		(1)	%
Total revenue	$	822,679	100	%	$	829,455	100	%	$	(6,776)	(1)	%

Total revenue increased $36.8 million, or 4% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, driven by increases in both product and service revenue. Service revenue increased 6%, primarily due to the timing and composition of maintenance and contract renewals and continued expansion of cloud and subscription services. Product revenue increased 3%, driven by increased service provider demand for cybersecurity offerings, as well as increased U.S. Government agency orders across both service assurance and cybersecurity offerings. International revenue increased 8%, benefiting from increased enterprise and service provider demand, and U.S. revenue increased 2%, benefiting from increased enterprise demand. By product line, cybersecurity revenue increased 8% and service assurance revenue increased 3%, both supported by the timing of maintenance renewals. The increase in revenue from the cybersecurity product line compared to the same period last year was due to an increase in revenue from service provider and enterprise customers. The increase in revenue from the service assurance product line compared to the same period last year was due to an increase in revenue from enterprise customers, partially offset by a decrease in service provider product revenue. From a customer-vertical perspective, service provider revenue increased 3%, driven by an increase in service revenue. Enterprise revenue increased 5%, driven by an increase in both product and service revenue.

Product. The $0.6 million decrease in product revenue compared with the same period last year was due to a decrease in revenue from service provider customers from service assurance and cybersecurity offerings, partially offset by an increase in revenue from enterprise customers from service assurance and cybersecurity offerings. The results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 benefited from approximately $48 million of backlog-related revenue. Excluding backlog-related revenue, as well as revenue related to the divested TO business, total revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 compared with the same period last year would have increased year over year.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026					2025					Change
			% of Revenue					% of Revenue			$		%
Revenue:
Product	$	370,145		43	%	$	359,894		44	%	$	10,251		3	%
Service		489,337		57			462,785		56			26,552		6	%
	$	859,482		100	%	$	822,679		100	%	$	36,803		4	%

Service. The 1%, or $6.2 million, decrease in service revenue compared with the same period last year was primarily due to a decrease in revenue from maintenance contracts and professional service contracts primarily related to the service assurance product line.43

Table of Contents

Total revenue by geography was as follows:

			Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	Fiscal Years Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
			2025										2024								Change
	2026							2025							Change
					% ofRevenue			~~% ofRevenue~~			% ofRevenue				$			% ~~ofRevenue~~			$		%
United States	$	474,359	$	~~465,470~~		55	%	57$	465,470	%		57	$%	~~470,338~~	$	8,889		57	2	%	$	~~(4,868)~~	~~(1)~~	%
International:
Europe		158,766	~~156,715~~			19		19	156,715			19	~~146,915~~			2,051		18	1	%	~~9,800~~		7	%
Asia		63,075	~~63,624~~			7		8	63,624			8	~~65,396~~			(549	)	8	(1	)%	~~(1,772)~~		~~(3)~~	%
Rest of the world		163,282	~~136,870~~			19		16	136,870			16	~~146,806~~			26,412		17	19	%	~~(9,936)~~		~~(7)~~	%
Subtotal international		385,123	~~357,209~~			45		43	357,209			43	~~359,117~~			27,914		43	8	%	~~(1,908)~~		~~(1)~~	%
Total revenue	$	859,482	$	~~822,679~~		100	%	~~100~~$	822,679	%		100	$%	~~829,455~~	$	36,803		~~100~~	4	%	$	~~(6,776)~~	~~(1)~~	%

~~United~~Total ~~States~~ revenue decreased 1%, or $4.9 million, compared with the same period last year primarily due to a decrease in revenue from service assurance offerings from enterprise customers, including the impact from the divested TO business. International revenue decreased 1%, or $1.9 million, compared to the same period last year primarily driven by ~~lower~~product ~~revenue~~line ~~from~~was ~~service~~as provider customers from both service assurance and cybersecurity offerings, partially offset by an increase in revenue from enterprise customers from both service assurance and cybersecurity offerings.follows:

			Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	Fiscal Years Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
			2025										2024							Change
	2026							2025							Change
					% ofRevenue			~~% ofRevenue~~			% ofRevenue				$		% ~~ofRevenue~~			$		%
Revenue:
Service assurance	$	547,021	$	~~532,884~~		64	%	65$	532,884	%		65	$%	~~557,626~~	$	14,137	67	3	%	$	~~(24,742)~~	~~(4)~~	%
Cybersecurity		312,461	~~289,795~~			36		35	289,795			35	~~271,829~~			22,666	33	8	%	~~17,966~~		7	%
Total revenue	$	859,482	$	~~822,679~~		100	%	~~100~~$	822,679	%		100	$%	~~829,455~~	$	36,803	~~100~~	4	%	$	~~(6,776)~~	~~(1)~~	%

~~The~~Total ~~4%, or $24.7 million, decrease in~~ revenue ~~from~~by ~~the~~customer ~~service~~vertical ~~assurance product line~~ was ~~due to a decrease in revenue from both enterprise and service provider customers, including the impact from the divested TO business,~~ as well as lower revenue from radio frequency propagation modeling projects. The 7%, or $18.0 million, increase in revenue from the cybersecurity product line was due to an increase in revenue from enterprise customers, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from service provider customers.follows:


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026					2025					Change
			% of Revenue					% of Revenue			$		%
Revenue:
Service provider	$	362,510		42	%	$	350,968		43	%	$	11,542		3	%
Enterprise		496,972		58			471,711		57			25,261		5	%
Total revenue	$	859,482		100	%	$	822,679		100	%	$	36,803		4	%

Table of Contents

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	2025				2024				Change
			% ofRevenue				% ofRevenue		$		%
Revenue:
Service provider	$	350,968	43	%	$	390,455	47	%	$	(39,487)	(10)	%
Enterprise	471,711		57		439,000		53		32,711		7	%
Total revenue	$	822,679	100	%	$	829,455	100	%	$	(6,776)	(1)	%

The 10%, or $39.5 million, decrease in revenue from the service provider customer vertical was due to a decrease in product and service revenue from both the service assurance and cybersecurity product lines. The 7%, or $32.7 million, increase in revenue from the enterprise customer vertical was due to an increase in product and service revenue from the cybersecurity product line, partially offset by a decrease in the service assurance product line.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Profit

Cost of product revenue consists primarily of material components, personnel expenses, packaging materials, overhead and amortization of acquired developed technology. Cost of service revenue consists primarily of personnel, material, overhead and support costs.

			Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)																		Change
	Fiscal Years Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
			2025										2024
	2026							2025							Change
					% ofRevenue			~~% ofRevenue~~			% ofRevenue				$			% ~~ofRevenue~~			$			%
Cost of revenue:
Product	$	50,594	$	~~57,463~~		6	%	7$	57,463	%		7	$%	~~64,057~~	$	(6,869	)	8	(12	)%	$	~~(6,594)~~		~~(10)~~	%
Service		126,394	~~121,272~~			15		15	121,272			15	~~123,355~~			5,122		15	4		~~(2,083)~~			~~(2)~~	%
Total cost of revenue	$	176,988	$	~~178,735~~		21	%	22$	178,735	%		22	$%	~~187,412~~	$	(1,747	)	23	(1	)%	$	~~(8,677)~~		~~(5)~~	%
Gross profit:
Product $	$	319,551	$	~~302,431~~		37	%	37$	302,431	%		37	$%	~~296,387~~	$	17,120		36	6	%	$	~~6,044~~		2	%
Product gross profit %		86	84%		%				84	%			82		%	2	%				2		%
Service $		362,943	$	~~341,513~~		42	%	42	341,513	%		42	$%	~~345,656~~		21,430		42	6	%	$	~~(4,143)~~		~~(1)~~	%
Service gross profit %		74	74%		%				74	%			74		%	0	%				—		%
Total gross profit $	$	682,494	$	~~643,944~~				$	643,944				$	~~642,043~~	$	38,550			6	%	$	~~1,901~~		—	%
Total gross profit %		79	78%		%				78	%			77		%	1	%				1		%

Product. The 1012%, or $6.69 million, decrease in cost of product revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026, ~~compared~~despite ~~to the same period last year was primarily due to~~ a $3.1% ~~million~~increase ~~decrease~~ in ~~the~~total ~~amortization~~product ofrevenue ~~intangible~~compared ~~assets,~~to ~~a $1.7 million decrease in employee-related costs associated with~~ the ~~timing~~same ofperiod ~~certain~~last ~~projects~~year, awas ~~$1.3~~primarily ~~million~~driven ~~decrease in direct material costs,~~ a ~~$0.9~~more ~~million~~favorable ~~decrease~~product inmix ~~inventory~~associated ~~obsolescence~~with ~~charges,~~increased ~~and~~licensing ~~a $0.5 million decrease in inventory related expenses. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.9 million increase in costs related to the delivery~~ of ~~radio~~our ~~frequency~~software ~~propagation modeling projects~~products. ~~The~~Our product gross profit percentage increased by two percentage points ~~to 84%~~ during the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 as compared to the same period in the prior year~~. The 2%~~, orprimarily ~~$6.0~~due ~~million,~~to ~~increase~~favorable in product ~~gross profit corresponds with the 10%, or $6~~mix.~~6 million, decrease in cost of product revenue, partially offset by the $0.6 million decrease in product revenue.~~

Service. The 24%, or $25.1 million, ~~decrease~~increase in cost of service revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 compared to the same period last year was primarily ~~due~~driven toby a $126.86 million, ~~decrease~~or in6% ~~employee-related expenses largely driven by a decrease in costs due to a reduction in headcount partially offset by an~~ increase ~~in variable incentive compensation as well as the timing of certain projects~~, ~~a $1.3 million decrease~~ in ~~the cost of materials used to support customers under~~ service ~~contracts~~revenue, and aan ~~$0.5 million decrease in depreciation expense. These decreases were partially offset by a $1.1 million~~ increase in ~~contractor~~employee-related ~~fees,~~variable ~~and~~incentive ~~a $1~~compensation.1 ~~million~~Our ~~increase in allocated overhead. The~~ service gross profit percentage remained ~~flat~~consistent at 74% during the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 compared to the same period in the prior year. ~~The 1%, or $4.1 million,~~

4245

Table of Contents

~~decrease~~Operating ~~in service gross profit corresponds with the 1%, or $6.2 million, decrease in service revenue, partially offset by the 2%, or $2.1 million, decrease in cost of services revenue.~~Expenses

Total gross profit. Our total gross profit increased $1.9 million, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period last year. This increase is attributable to the 5%, or $8.7 million, decrease in cost of revenue, partially offset by the 1%, or $6.8 million, decrease in revenue. The gross profit percentage increased by one percentage point to 78% during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in the prior year.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026					2025					Change
			% of Revenue					% of Revenue			$			%
Research and development	$	159,461		19	%	$	152,864		19	%	$	6,597			4	%
Sales and marketing		264,538		31			268,051		32			(3,513	)		(1	)%
General and administrative		103,185		12			96,724		12			6,461			7	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		44,602		5			46,440		6			(1,838	)		(4	)%
Restructuring charges		883		—			20,500		2			(19,617	)		(96	)%
Goodwill impairment		—		—			426,967		52			(426,967	)		(100	)%
Total operating expenses	$	572,669		67	%	$	1,011,546		123	%	$	(438,877	)		(43	)%

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)								Change
	2025				2024
			% ofRevenue				% ofRevenue		$		%
Research and development	$	152,864	19		$	161,213	19	%	$	(8,349)	(5)	%
Sales and marketing	268,051		32		270,979		33		(2,928)		(1)	%
General and administrative	96,724		12		95,886		12		838		1	%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	46,440		6		50,337		6		(3,897)		(8)	%
Restructuring charges	20,500		2		—		—		20,500		100	%
Goodwill impairment	426,967		52		217,260		26		209,707		97	%
Gain on divestiture of a business	—		—		(3,806)		—		3,806		100	%
Total operating expenses	$	1,011,546	123	%	$	791,869	96	%	$	219,677	28	%

Research and development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, fees for outside consultants, overhead and related expenses associated with the development of new products and the enhancement of existing products.

The 54%, or $86.36 million, ~~decrease~~increase in research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to aan ~~$6.6~~increase ~~million decrease~~ in employee-related ~~expense~~variable ~~largely~~incentive ascompensation, apartially ~~result~~offset ofby a ~~reduction in headcount, a~~ $21.24 million decrease ~~from~~in depreciation expense, and a $01.~~8 million decrease in contractor fees. These decreases were partially offset by a $~~2.0 million increase in ~~allocated~~software ~~overhead~~capitalization.

Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses and commissions, overhead and other expenses associated with selling activities and marketing programs such as trade shows, seminars, advertising, and new product launch activities.

The 1%, or $23.95 million, decrease in sales and marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to ana $111.49 million decrease in ~~employee-related~~ expenses asassociated awith ~~result~~events ~~of a decrease in headcount~~ and a ~~decrease in variable incentive compensation, a~~ $1.98 million decrease in ~~advertising~~employee-related ~~expense,~~expenses adue ~~$0.5~~to ~~million~~a ~~decrease~~reduction in ~~travel expense~~headcount, ~~and a $0.5 million decrease in rent expense. These decreases were~~ partially offset by aan ~~$6.7 million~~ increase ~~related to trade shows, user conferences and other events, a $2.5 million increase~~ in ~~commissions expense, a $1.6 million increase in other marketing~~ employee-related ~~costs,~~variable ~~and~~incentive ~~a $0~~compensation.~~9 million increase in contractor fees.~~

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses for executive, financial, legal, and human resource employees, overhead, and other corporate expenditures.

The 17%, or $06.85 million, increase in general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to aan ~~$5.6 million~~ increase in ~~legal~~employee-related ~~expenses~~variable asincentive ~~a result of a favorable decision related to the Packet Intelligence LLC appeal recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31~~compensation, ~~2024. This increase was partially offset by~~ a $1.78 million ~~decrease~~increase in ~~contractor~~professional ~~fees~~services, a $01.~~8 million decrease in depreciation, a $~~0.7 million ~~decrease~~increase in ~~allocated~~software ~~overhead~~expenses, apartially ~~$0.6~~offset ~~million~~by ~~decrease in the allowance for credit losses, and~~ a $02.53 million ~~decrease~~increase in software ~~maintenance fees~~capitalization.

~~Amortization~~Restructuring charges. During the first quarter of ~~acquired~~fiscal ~~intangible~~year ~~assets~~2025, we implemented a voluntary separation program for employees who met certain age and service requirements to reduce overall headcount. ~~Amortization~~As a result of ~~acquired~~the ~~intangible~~related ~~assets~~workforce ~~consists~~reduction, ~~primarily~~during ofthe ~~amortization~~fiscal ofyear ~~customer~~ended ~~relationships~~March 31, ~~definite~~2025, we recorded restructuring charges totaling $19.6 million related to one-~~lived~~time ~~trademark~~termination ~~and~~benefits ~~trade~~for ~~names~~one hundred forty-two employees who voluntarily terminated their employment with us during that period. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2025, ~~and~~we ~~leasehold~~also ~~interests~~entered ~~related~~into transition agreements that provided termination benefits for certain employees to ~~our~~ensure ~~acquisition~~an orderly transition of ~~Danaher~~responsibilities ~~Corporation's~~for ~~communication~~continuity ~~business~~purposes. ~~(Comms~~As ~~Transaction),~~a ~~Network~~result ~~General~~of ~~Corporation~~these related workforce changes, ~~Avvasi~~during ~~Incorporated~~the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 and ~~Efflux~~2025, ~~Systems~~we recorded restructuring charges in each year totaling $0.9 million, ~~Inc~~respectively.

43Goodwill impairment. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, due to a decrease in our stock price and overall market capitalization, along with other qualitative considerations including the continued impact from the conditions in the macroeconomic environment, it was determined a Triggering Event occurred, indicating goodwill may be impaired. Accordingly, we conducted an interim quantitative impairment test of our goodwill at June 30, 2024 using the market approach to estimate the fair value of its reporting unit. As a result of that interim impairment test, we recorded a $427.0 million goodwill impairment charge during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025.

Table of Contents

~~The~~Interest ~~8%,~~and orOther ~~$3.9 million~~Income, decrease in amortization of acquired intangible assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to a decrease in the amortization of intangible assets acquired as part of the Comms Transaction and the Network General Corporation transaction.Net

~~Restructuring~~Interest ~~charges.~~and ~~During~~other ~~the first quarter of fiscal year 2025~~income, wenet ~~implemented~~includes ainterest ~~voluntary~~earned ~~separation~~on ~~program~~our ~~(VSP)~~cash, ~~for~~cash ~~employees~~equivalents ~~who met certain age~~ and ~~service~~marketable ~~requirements to reduce overall headcount. As a result of the related workforce reduction~~securities, ~~during~~interest ~~the~~expense ~~fiscal~~and ~~year~~other ~~ended March 31, 2025, we recorded restructuring charges totaling $19.6 million related to one~~non-~~time~~operating ~~termination~~gains ~~benefits~~or ~~for one hundred forty-two employees who voluntarily terminated their employment with us during that period~~losses. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2025, we also entered into transition agreements that provided termination benefits for certain employees to ensure an orderly transition of responsibilities for continuity purposes. As a result of these related workforce changes, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, we recorded restructuring charges totaling $0.9 million.

Goodwill impairment. During fiscal year 2024, we recorded $217.3 million in goodwill impairment charges as a result of the sustained decrease in our stock price and overall market capitalization. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, due to the continued decrease in our stock price and overall market capitalization, along with other qualitative considerations including the continued impact from the conditions in the macroeconomic environment, it was determined a Triggering Event occurred, indicating goodwill may be impaired. Accordingly, we conducted a quantitative impairment test of our goodwill at June 30, 2024. We estimated the implied fair value of our goodwill using a market approach. As a result of the quantitative impairment test performed during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, we determined goodwill was impaired and recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $427.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The additional impairment charge recorded in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to the continued decrease in our stock price from March 31, 2024 to June 30, 2024, an increase in our weighted-average cost of capital, and the refinement to the expected cost synergies that could be realized by a hypothetical buyer as a result of the VSP we implemented in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, which impacted the company-specific control premium used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit under the market approach. During fiscal year 2025, our annual impairment test was completed as of January 31, 2025 using the qualitative assessment, which indicated that goodwill was not impaired. At September 30, 2024, December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2025, we performed a Triggering Event assessment and concluded no event or circumstances occurred that indicated goodwill was further impaired.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026					2025					Change
			% of Revenue					% of Revenue			$		%
Interest and other income, net	$	8,683		1	%	$	1,808		—	%	$	6,875		380	%

The ~~key~~380%, ~~assumption~~or in$6.9 ~~the~~million, ~~market~~increase ~~approach used~~ in ~~the~~interest ~~quantitative~~and ~~impairment~~other ~~test~~income, ~~performed~~net ~~during~~for the ~~first quarter of~~ fiscal year ~~2025~~ended ~~was~~March ~~the company-specific control premium~~31, ~~which~~2026 ~~was estimated using expected synergies that would be realized by a hypothetical buyer. We also~~ compared ~~its implied control premium~~ to ~~recent control premiums paid in~~ the ~~industry,~~same asperiod ~~evidenced~~last byyear ~~guideline public company comparable transactions. This information corroborated that the company-specific control premium~~ was ~~within~~primarily ~~the~~due ~~range~~to ofa ~~premiums for other companies operating in the industry~~$5.5 ~~Changes~~million indecrease ~~the estimates or assumptions used~~ in ~~its~~interest ~~quantitative~~expense ~~impairment test could materially affect the determination of fair value~~ and ~~the~~a ~~associated goodwill impairment assessment~~$3.1 ~~Potential~~million ~~events~~increase ~~and circumstances that could have an adverse impact on our estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, continued increases~~ in ~~costs, and high~~ interest ~~rates and other macroeconomic factors~~income. AnThis increase orwas ~~decrease~~partially ofoffset 1%by ina ~~the~~$1.6 ~~company-specific~~million ~~control premium used in the determination of the fair value of the reporting unit under the market approach would have resulted in an~~ increase ~~or decrease~~ in ~~the~~foreign ~~goodwill~~exchange ~~impairment recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 of approximately $13~~expense.~~0 million.~~

We will continue to monitor relevant facts and circumstances, including future changes in our stock price. We may be required to record additional goodwill impairment charges. While management cannot predict if or when additional goodwill impairments may occur, future goodwill impairments could have material adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

Gain on Divestiture of a Business. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a $3.8 million gain on the divestiture of the Test Optimization business.

Table of Contents

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)								Change
	2025				2024
			% ofRevenue				% ofRevenue		$		%
Interest and other income (expense), net	$	1,808	—	%	$	5,316	1	%	$	(3,508)	(66)	%

The 66%, or $3.5 million, decrease in interest and other income (expense), net was primarily due to a $6.2 million decrease in other income largely due to a decrease in the fair value of the equity investment in Napatech A/S (Napatech), partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in interest expense due to debt repayments on the credit facility during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, and a $1.1 million increase in interest income.

Income Tax Expense

In 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development announced an Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting including Pillar Two Model Rules defining the global minimum tax, which calls for the taxation of large multinational corporations at a minimum rate of 15%. Subsequently multiple sets of administrative guidance have been issued, including the release of a comprehensive Side-by-Side Package announced by the OECD in January 2026. Many non-US tax jurisdictions have either recently enacted legislation to adopt certain components of the Pillar Two Model Rules beginning in 2024 with the adoption of additional components in later years or announced their plans to enact legislation in future years. Considering we do not have material operations in jurisdictions with tax rates lower than the Pillar Two minimum, these rules are not expected to materially increase our global tax costs. There remains uncertainty as to the final Pillar Two model rules. We are continuing to evaluate the impacts of enacted legislation and pending legislation to enact Pillar Two Model Rules in the non-US tax jurisdictions we operate in.

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)								Change
	2025				2024
			% ofRevenue				% ofRevenue		$		%
Income tax expense	$	1,128	—	%	$	3,224	—	%	$	(2,096)	(65)	%

The annual effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 was 19.4%, compared to an annual effective tax rate of 0.3% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 is different than the effective rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to a significant nondeductible goodwill impairment charge, a discrete benefit related to the finalization of our tax return filings, and a charge related to stock compensation.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026					2025					Change
			% of Revenue					% of Revenue			$		%
Income tax expense	$	22,977		3	%	$	1,128		—	%	$	21,849		1937	%

Commitment and Contingencies

We account for claims and contingencies in accordance with authoritative guidance that requires us to record an estimated loss from a claim or loss contingency when information available prior to issuance of our consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. If we determine that it is reasonably possible, but not probable, that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred, or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, then, in accordance with the authoritative guidance, we disclose the amount or range of estimated loss if the amount or range of estimated loss is material. Accounting for claims and contingencies requires us to use our judgment. We consult with legal counsel on those issues related to litigation and seek input from other experts and advisors with respect to matters in the ordinary course of business.

Legal - From time to time, we ~~are~~may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, ~~the~~none ~~amount~~ of ~~ultimate~~our ~~expense with respect to any~~ current legal proceedings and claims, if determined adversely, ~~will~~and ~~not~~based ~~have a material adverse effect~~ on ~~our~~the ~~financial~~information ~~condition,~~known ~~results~~to ofthe ~~operations or cash flows.~~

4547

Table of Contents

Asmanagement previously disclosed, in March 2016, Packet Intelligence LLC (Packet Intelligence or Plaintiff) filed a Complaint against NetScout and two subsidiary entities in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas asserting infringement of five United States patents. Plaintiff's Complaint alleged that legacy Tektronix GeoProbe products, including the G10 and GeoBlade products, infringed these patents. NetScout filed an Answer denying Plaintiff's allegations and asserting that Plaintiff's patents were, among other things, invalid, not infringed, and unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. In October 2017, a jury rendered a verdict finding in favor of the Plaintiff and that Plaintiff was entitled to $3.5 million for pre-suit damages and $2.3 million for post-suit damages. In September 2018, the Court entered judgment and "enhanced" the jury verdict in the amount of $2.8 million as ~~a result~~ of ~~a jury finding. The judgment also awarded pre- and post-judgment interest, and a running royalty on~~ the ~~G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last~~ date ~~being June 2022. Following the entry~~ of final judgment, NetScout appealed, and in July 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) issued a decision vacating the $3.5 million pre-suit damages award, affirming the $2.3 million post-suit damages award, vacating the $2.8 million enhancement award, and remanding to the district court to determine what, if any, enhancement should be awarded. In March 2021, NetScout filed a petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, which was denied, challenging, among other issues, the basis for enhanced damages and the patentability of the claimed technology. On September 8 and 9, 2021, in proceedings initiated by third parties that did not involve NetScout, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) invalidated all the patent claims that were also asserted against NetScout in this ~~case.~~Annual ~~After the PTAB decisions were issued~~Report, ~~NetScout~~is ~~moved,~~expected ~~among other things,~~ to ~~dismiss~~have the case and enter judgment in its favor on the grounds that the PTAB decisions invalidating the asserted claims precluded Plaintiff from continuing to assert its patent infringement causes of action and from seeking damages from NetScout. The District Court denied NetScout’s motion with respect to its request to dismiss the case and enter judgment in its favor. The District Court entered an amended final judgment awarding Plaintiff $2.3 million in post-suit damages, $1.1 million in enhanced damages, pre- and post-judgment interest, and a ~~running~~material ~~royalty~~adverse oneffect the G10 and GeoBlade products until the expiration of the patents at issue, the last expiration date being June 2022. On July 20, 2022, NetScout filed a notice of appeal to the Federal Circuit from, among other things, the amended final judgment. On May 2, 2024, in a separate action the Federal Circuit affirmed the PTAB decisions, which as a result found that all of the patent claims asserted by Packet Intelligence against NetScout were invalid. Also on ~~May~~our 2,financial ~~2024~~condition, ~~the~~results Federal Circuit ruled in NetScout's favor in its appeal, vacating the District Court's final judgment and remanding the case to the District Court to dismiss the case against NetScout as moot. As a result, during the year ended March 31, 2024, NetScout concluded that the risk of ~~loss~~operations ~~associated~~or ~~with~~cash ~~damages that may result from this case was remote and recorded a $4~~flows.6 ~~million reduction in contingent liabilities and legal fees. On June 26, 2024, the District Court issued its Order dismissing the case against NetScout.~~

Warranty and Indemnification- We warrant that our software and hardware products will substantially conform to the documentation accompanying such products on their original date of shipment. For software, which also includes firmware, the standard warranty commences upon shipment and generally expires 60 to 90 days thereafter. With regard to hardware, the standard warranty commences upon shipment and generally expires 60 days to 12 months thereafter. Additionally, this warranty is subject to various exclusions which include, but are not limited to, non-conformance resulting from modifications made to the software or hardware by a party other than NetScout; customers' failure to follow our installation, operation or maintenance instructions; and events outside of our reasonable control. We also warrant that all support services will be performed in a good and workmanlike manner. We believe that our product and support service warranties are consistent with commonly accepted industry standards. Warranty cost information is presented, and no material warranty costs are accrued since service revenue associated with warranty is deferred at the time of sale and recognized ratably over the warranty period.

Contracts that we enter into in the ordinary course of business may contain standard indemnification provisions. Pursuant to these agreements, we may agree to defend third party claims brought against a partner or direct customer claiming infringement of such third party’s (i) U.S. patent and/or European Union (EU), or other selected countries' patents, (ii) Berne convention member country copyright, and/or (iii) U.S., EU, and/or other selected countries’ trademark or intellectual property rights. Moreover, this indemnity may require us to pay any damages awarded against the partner or direct customer in such type of lawsuit as well as reimburse the partner or direct customer for reasonable attorney's fees incurred by them from the lawsuit.

We may also agree from time to time to provide other forms of indemnification to partners or direct customers, such as indemnification that would obligate us to defend and pay any damages awarded to a third party against a partner or direct customer based on a lawsuit alleging that such third party has suffered personal injury or tangible property damage legally determined to have been caused by negligently designed or manufactured products.

We have agreed to indemnify our directors and officers and our subsidiaries' directors and officers if they are made a party or are threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of NetScout) by reason of the fact that the indemnified are agents of NetScout. The indemnity is for any and all expenses and liabilities of any type (including but not limited to, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by the directors or officers in connection with the investigation, defense, settlement or appeal of such proceeding, provided they acted in good faith.

Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

	At March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	2025		2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	457,415	$	389,674
Short-term marketable securities and investments	34,058		33,459
Long-term marketable securities	1,004		994
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments	$	492,477	$	424,127

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and investments consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of March 31,
	(Dollars in Thousands)
	2026		2025
Cash and cash equivalents	$	586,499	$	457,415
Short-term marketable securities and investments		81,458		34,058
Long-term marketable securities		37,188		1,004
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments	$	705,145	$	492,477

Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments

At March 31, ~~2025~~2026, cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments (current and non-current) totaled $~~492~~705.51 million. This represents an increase of $68212.47 million from $~~424~~492.15 million at March 31, ~~2024~~2025. This increase was primarily due to $~~217~~294.75 million of net cash provided by operations, $67.9 million proceeds from maturity of marketable securities, $11.8 million proceeds from sale of equity investment, partially offset by ~~a net~~ $~~100~~163.04 million used to ~~repay~~purchase ~~long-term~~marketable ~~debt~~securities, $2560.38 million used to repurchase shares of our common stock, $1315.9 million used for tax withholdings on restricted stock units, and $59.41 million used for capital expenditures, ~~$2.8 million used for the payment of debt issuance costs, and $1.3 million used to acquire technology licenses~~ during the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026.

At March 31, 2025, cash, short-term and long-term marketable securities in the United States was approximately $303.2 million, while cash and short-term investments held outside of the United States was approximately $189.3 million.

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	2025		2024
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	217,670	$	58,811
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(6,996)	$	13,358
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(142,011)	$	(69,352)

Net cash from operating activities

Fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024

Net cash provided by operating activities was $217.7 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, compared to $58.8 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. This $158.9 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities was due in part to a $209.7 million increase from goodwill impairment charges recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, a $77.0 million increase from accounts receivable, a $54.2 million increase from accrued compensation and other expenses, a $24.5 million increase from deferred revenue, an $8.4 million increase from deferred income taxes, a $5.1 million increase from accounts payable, a $5.0 million increase from the change in the fair value of an equity investment, a $3.8 million increase related to the gain recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 for the divestiture of a business, a $3.7 million increase from income taxes payable, a $3.6 million increase from prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $1.1 million increase from the loss on extinguishment of debt. These increases were partially offset by a $219.2 million decrease from the change in net loss, an $11.2 million decrease from depreciation and amortization expense, and a $6.0 million decrease from share-based compensation expense during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 as compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. Accounts receivable days sales outstanding was 68 days at March 31, 2025 compared to 81 days at March 31, 2024.

Table of Contents

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	2025		2024
Cash (used in) provided by investing activities included the following:
Purchase of marketable securities and investments	$	(45,061)	$	(52,774)
Proceeds from sales and maturity of marketable securities	44,762		64,728
Purchase of fixed assets	(5,407)		(6,362)
Purchase of intangible assets	(1,290)		—
Proceeds from divestiture of a business	—		7,766
	$	(6,996)	$	13,358

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities decreased by $20.4 million to $7.0 million of net cash used in investing activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, compared to $13.4 million of net cash provided by investing activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The $20.4 million decrease in net cash (used in) provided by investing activities was due in part to a $12.3 million net decrease in cash inflow from the purchase and sale of marketable securities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 when compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, a $7.8 million decrease in proceeds due to the divestiture of the Test Optimization business during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, and $1.3 million in cash used to acquire technology licenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. These decreases in cash were partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in cash used to purchase fixed assets during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

Our investments in property and equipment consist primarily of computer equipment, demonstration units, office equipment and facility improvements. We plan to continue to invest in capital expenditures to support our infrastructure in our fiscal year 2026.

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31,(Dollars in Thousands)
	2025		2024
Cash used in financing activities included the following:
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	$	3	$	3
Treasury stock repurchases	(25,257)		(50,000)
Tax withholding on restricted stock units	(13,962)		(19,355)
Payment of debt issuance costs	(2,795)		—
Repayment of long-term debt	(175,000)		—
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	75,000		—
	$	(142,011)	$	(69,352)

Net cash used in financing activities increased $72.6 million to $142.0 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, compared to $69.4 million of net cash used in financing activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, we repurchased a total of 1,362,205 shares of our common stock for $25.3 million in the open market under our 2022 Share Repurchase Program. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased a total of 1,209,153 shares of our common stock for $33.6 million in the open market under our twenty-five million share repurchase program authorized in 2017 (2017 Share Repurchase Program), and 614,516 shares for $16.4 million in the open market under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

In connection with the delivery of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, we have withheld 703,727 shares for $13.9 million, and 653,645 shares for $19.4 million related to minimum statutory tax withholding requirements on these restricted stock units during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These withholding transactions do not fall under the repurchase program described above, and therefore do not reduce the amount that is available for repurchase under that program.

Table of Contents

~~During~~At ~~the fiscal year ended~~ March 31, ~~2025~~2026, wecash, ~~repaid~~short-term aand ~~net~~long-term ~~$100.0~~marketable ~~million~~securities ofin ~~borrowings under~~ the ~~Third~~United ~~Amended~~States ~~and~~was ~~Restated~~approximately ~~Credit Agreement, and we paid~~ $2488.84 million, inwhile ~~debt~~cash ~~issuance~~and ~~costs~~short-term ~~related~~investments toheld ~~the~~outside ~~execution~~ of ~~our~~the ~~Third~~United ~~Amended~~States ~~and~~was ~~Restated~~approximately ~~Credit~~$216.7 ~~Agreement~~million.

~~Sources of~~ Cash and ~~Cash~~cash ~~Requirements~~equivalents were impacted by the following:

Credit Facility


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026			2025
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	294,538		$	217,670
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(92,830	)	$	(6,996	)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(76,691	)	$	(142,011	)

OnNet ~~July~~cash ~~27,~~from ~~2021,~~operating we amended and extended our existing credit facility (as amended, the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement), which provided for a five-year, $800.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $75.0 million. The commitments under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement were set to expire on July 27, 2026, and any outstanding loans were due on that date. On May 13, 2024, we repaid $25.0 million of borrowings under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.activities

OnFiscal ~~October~~year 4,2026 ~~2024,~~compared weto ~~amended~~fiscal ~~and~~year ~~restated~~2025 the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended and restated, the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) with a syndicate of lenders by and among: us, as borrower; certain subsidiaries of NetScout Systems, Inc., as borrower; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd, as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; TD Bank, N.A. and Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as co-documentation agents; and the lenders and issuing banks party thereto.

~~The~~Net ~~Third~~cash ~~Amended~~provided ~~and~~by ~~Restated~~operating ~~Credit~~activities ~~Agreement~~of ~~provides~~$294.5 million for ~~a five-~~year ended March 31, ~~$600.0~~2026, ~~million~~was ~~senior~~primarily ~~secured~~attributable ~~revolving~~to ~~credit~~net ~~facility~~income, ~~including~~as aadjusted ~~letter~~for ofshare-based ~~credit~~compensation ~~sub-facility~~expense, depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, operating lease right-of-use upassets, toand a $7599.08 million. Weworking ~~may~~capital ~~elect~~inflow. toThe ~~use~~working ~~the~~capital ~~amended~~inflow ~~credit~~was ~~facility~~primarily ~~for~~driven ~~working~~by ~~capital~~a ~~and~~$49.2 ~~other~~million ~~general~~increase ~~corporate~~in ~~purposes~~deferred ~~(including~~revenue, toa ~~repurchase~~$35.1 ~~shares~~million ofincrease ~~our~~in ~~common~~accrued ~~stock).~~compensation, ~~The~~a ~~commitments~~$12.4 ~~under~~million ~~the~~decrease ~~Third~~in ~~Amended~~accounts ~~and~~receivable, ~~Restated~~a ~~Credit~~$10.9 ~~Agreement~~million ~~will~~decrease ~~expire~~in onprepaid ~~October~~expenses, a $4,.7 ~~2029~~million increase in accounts payable, ~~and~~partially ~~any~~offset ~~outstanding~~by ~~loans~~a ~~will~~$11.6 bemillion ~~due~~decrease onin ~~that~~operating ~~date~~lease liabilities.

InNet ~~connection~~cash ~~with~~from ~~the~~investing Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we paid off the outstanding balance of $75.0 million under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement on October 4, 2024 by borrowing the same amount under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Additionally, we recorded a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million, representing the write off of unamortized deferred financing costs, which was included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. On February 3, 2025, we paid the outstanding balance of $75.0 million in full. At March 31, 2025, there were no amounts outstanding under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.activities

At our election, revolving loans under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bear interest at either (a) a term SOFR rate plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% or (b) an Alternate Base Rate (defined in a customary manner), in each case plus an applicable margin. For the period from the delivery of our financial statements for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, until we have delivered financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the applicable margin will be 1.00% per annum for term SOFR loans and 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans, and thereafter the applicable margin will vary depending on our consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 1.00% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 2.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, down to 0% per annum for Alternate Base Rate loans and 1.00% per annum for term SOFR loans if our consolidated gross leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1.50 to 1.00.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026			2025
Net cash used in investing activities included the following:
Purchase of marketable securities and investments	$	(163,365	)	$	(45,061	)
Proceeds from sales and maturity of marketable securities		67,875			44,762
Purchase of fixed assets		(9,112	)		(5,407	)
Purchase of intangible assets		—			(1,290	)
Proceeds from sale of equity investment		11,772			—
	$	(92,830	)	$	(6,996	)

~~Our~~Net ~~consolidated~~cash ~~gross~~used ~~leverage~~in ~~ratio~~investing isactivities ~~the~~increased ~~ratio~~by $85.8 million to $92.8 million of ~~our~~net ~~consolidated~~cash ~~total~~used ~~debt~~in investing activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, compared to ~~our~~$7.0 ~~consolidated~~million ~~EBITDA~~of asnet ~~defined~~cash used in investing activities during the ~~Third~~fiscal ~~Amended~~year ~~and~~ended ~~Restated~~March ~~Credit~~31, ~~Agreement~~2025. ~~(consolidated~~The ~~adjusted~~$85.8 ~~EBITDA)~~million increase in net cash used in investing activities was partially due to an additional $118.3 ~~Consolidated~~million ~~adjusted~~in ~~EBITDA~~purchase ~~includes~~of ~~certain~~marketable ~~adjustments~~securities, ~~including,~~and ~~without~~an ~~limitation,~~additional ~~adjustments~~$3.7 ~~relating~~million used to ~~extraordinary,~~purchase ~~unusual~~of orfixed ~~non-recurring~~assets ~~charges,~~during ~~certain~~the ~~restructuring~~fiscal ~~charges~~year ended March 31, ~~non-cash~~2026, ~~charges~~compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, ~~certain~~2025. ~~transaction~~These ~~costs~~increases ~~and~~in ~~expenses~~cash ~~and~~were ~~certain~~partially ~~pro~~offset ~~forma~~by ~~adjustments~~an additional $23.1 million in ~~connection~~proceeds ~~with~~from ~~material~~maturity ~~acquisitions~~of ~~and~~marketable ~~dispositions~~securities, ~~all~~and asan ~~set~~$11.8 ~~forth~~million in ~~detail~~proceeds infrom the ~~Third~~sale ~~Amended~~of ~~and~~our ~~Restated~~entire ~~Credit~~Napatech ~~Agreement.~~equity investment during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, compared with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025.

~~Commitment~~Our ~~fees~~investments ~~will~~in ~~accrue~~property onand ~~the~~equipment ~~daily~~consist ~~unused~~primarily ~~amount~~ of ~~the~~computer ~~credit~~equipment ~~facility.~~and ~~For~~internal ~~the~~use ~~period from the delivery of our financial statements for the quarter ended December 31~~software, ~~2025,~~demonstration ~~until we have delivered financial statements for the quarter ended March 31~~units, ~~2025,~~office ~~the~~equipment ~~commitment fee will be 0.15% per annum,~~ and ~~thereafter~~facility ~~the commitment fee will vary depending on our consolidated gross leverage ratio, ranging from 0~~improvements.~~30%~~ ~~per~~We ~~annum~~plan ifto ~~our~~continue ~~consolidated~~to ~~gross~~invest ~~leverage~~in ~~ratio~~capital isexpenditures ~~greater than 3.50~~ to ~~1.00,~~support ~~down~~our toinfrastructure ~~0.15%~~in ~~per annum if~~ our ~~consolidated~~fiscal ~~gross~~year ~~leverage ratio is equal to or less than 1~~2027.~~50 to 1.00.~~

Letter of credit participation fees are payable to each lender providing the letter of credit sub-facility on the amount of such lender's letter of credit exposure, during the period from the closing date of the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to, but excluding, the date which is the later of (i) the date on which such lender's commitment terminates or (ii) the date on which such lender ceases to have any letter of credit exposure, at a rate per annum equal to the applicable margin for

Table of Contents

~~term~~Net ~~SOFR~~cash ~~loans.~~from ~~Additionally,~~financing ~~we will pay a fronting fee to each issuing bank in amounts to be agreed to between us and the applicable issuing bank.~~activities

Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable at the end of each calendar quarter. Interest on term SOFR loans is payable at the end of each interest rate period or at the end of each three-month interval within an interest rate period if the period is longer than three months. We may also prepay loans under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement at any time, without penalty, subject to certain notice requirements.


	Fiscal Years Ended March 31, (Dollars in Thousands)
	2026			2025
Net cash used in financing activities included the following:
Issuance of common stock under stock plans	$	2		$	3
Treasury stock repurchases		(60,799	)		(25,257	)
Tax withholding on restricted stock units		(15,894	)		(13,962	)
Payment of debt issuance costs		—			(2,795	)
Repayment of long-term debt		—			(175,000	)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs		—			75,000
	$	(76,691	)	$	(142,011	)

~~The~~Net ~~loans~~cash ~~and~~used ~~other~~in ~~obligations~~financing ~~under~~activities ~~the~~decreased ~~credit~~$65.3 ~~facility~~million ~~are (a) guaranteed by each of our wholly-owned material domestic restricted subsidiaries, subject~~ to ~~certain~~$76.7 ~~exceptions,~~million ~~and~~during ~~(b) are secured by substantially all of~~ the ~~assets~~fiscal ofyear usended ~~and~~March ~~the subsidiary guarantors~~31, ~~including a pledge of all the capital stock of material subsidiaries held directly by us and the subsidiary guarantors (which pledge~~2026, incompared ~~the case of any foreign subsidiary, is limited~~ to ~~65% of the voting stock), subject to certain customary exceptions and limitations~~$142.0 ~~The~~million ~~Third~~of ~~Amended~~net ~~and~~cash ~~Restated~~used ~~Credit~~in ~~Agreement~~financing ~~generally~~activities ~~prohibits~~during ~~any other liens on~~ the ~~assets~~fiscal ofyear ~~NetScout~~ended ~~and~~March ~~our restricted subsidiaries~~31, ~~subject to certain exceptions as described in the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement~~2025.

~~The~~During ~~Third~~the ~~Amended~~fiscal ~~and~~year ~~Restated~~ended ~~Credit~~March ~~Agreement~~31, ~~contains~~2026, ~~certain~~we ~~covenants~~repurchased ~~applicable~~approximately to2.5 usmillion ~~and~~shares of our ~~restricted~~common ~~subsidiaries,~~stock ~~including,~~for ~~without~~$60.8 ~~limitation,~~million ~~limitations~~in onthe ~~additional~~open ~~indebtedness,~~market ~~liens,~~under ~~various~~our ~~fundamental~~2022 ~~changes,~~Share ~~dividends~~Repurchase ~~and~~Program. ~~distributions,~~During ~~investments~~the ~~(including~~fiscal ~~acquisitions),~~year ~~transactions~~ended ~~with~~March ~~affiliates~~31, ~~asset sales~~2025, ~~including~~we ~~sale-leaseback~~repurchased ~~transactions,~~a ~~speculative~~total ~~hedge agreements, payment~~ of ~~junior~~approximately ~~financing, changes in business and other limitations customary in senior secured credit facilities~~1.4 ~~The~~million ~~Third~~shares ~~Amended~~of ~~and Restated Credit Agreement provides for certain baskets that are available to us and~~ our ~~restricted~~common ~~subsidiaries~~stock ~~to incur additional indebtedness, to repay junior financing,~~ for ~~asset sales and to make investments and restricted payments~~$25.3 ~~Such~~million ~~baskets~~in ~~are substantially similar to~~ the ~~baskets~~open ~~set~~market ~~forth~~under in our ~~previous~~2022 ~~amended~~Share ~~credit~~Repurchase ~~agreement~~Program.

~~The~~There ~~Third~~was ~~Amended~~no ~~and~~debt ~~Restated~~outstanding ~~Credit~~during ~~Agreement~~the ~~requires~~fiscal usyear toended ~~maintain~~March a31, ~~certain consolidated net leverage ratio~~2026. ~~Our~~During ~~consolidated net leverage ratio is~~ the ~~ratio~~fiscal ofyear ~~our~~ended ~~Consolidated~~March ~~Total~~31, ~~Debt~~2025, ~~minus~~we ~~the~~repaid ~~lesser~~a ~~of unrestricted cash and 125% of adjusted consolidated EBITDA compared to its adjusted consolidated EBITDA. Our maximum consolidated~~ net ~~leverage ratio is 4~~$100.000 tomillion ~~1.00.~~of ~~These~~borrowings ~~covenants~~under ~~and limitations are more fully described in~~ the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement~~. At March 31~~, ~~2025,~~and we ~~were~~paid $2.8 million in ~~compliance~~debt ~~with~~issuance ~~all~~costs ~~covenants,~~related ~~including~~to the ~~specified~~execution ~~total~~of ~~consolidated~~our ~~net~~Third ~~leverage~~Amended ~~ratio~~and ~~range~~Restated ofCredit 4Agreement.~~00 to 1.00.~~

~~The~~Sources ~~Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides that events~~ of ~~default~~Cash ~~will exist in certain circumstances, including failure to make payment of principal or interest on the loans when required, failure to perform certain obligations under the Third Amended~~ and ~~Restated~~Cash Credit Agreement and related documents, defaults under certain other indebtedness, certain insolvency events, certain events arising under ERISA, a change of control and certain other events. Upon an event of default, the administrative agent may, or at the request of the holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the loans and commitments shall, terminate the commitments and accelerate the maturity of the loans and enforce certain other remedies under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the other loan documents.Requirements

WeCredit had unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs, net of $3.3 million at March 31, 2025, which are being amortized over the life of the revolving credit facility. The unamortized capitalized debt issuance costs balance of $0.7 million was included as prepaid expenses and other current assets and a balance of $2.6 million was included as other assets in our consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2025.Facility

We have a five-year, $600 million senior secured revolving credit facility under our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which matures on October 4, 2029. The facility includes a $75 million letter-of-credit sub-facility and may be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

We had no outstanding borrowings under the facility at March 31, 2026 or March 31, 2025, and the full commitment was available. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at variable rates based on term SOFR or an alternate base rate, plus an applicable margin. We also pay commitment fees on the unused portion of the facility.

The credit agreement contains customary covenants, including a consolidated net leverage ratio requirement and certain limitations on additional indebtedness, liens, investments, dividends, and other matters. We were in compliance with all covenants as of March 31, 2026.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations at March 31, ~~2025~~2026 consisted mainly of (i) principal and interest related to our long-term debt obligations (see Long-Term Debt, Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) operating lease obligations (see Leases, Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (iii) unconditional purchase obligations, primarily under purchase orders to purchase inventory as well as commitments for products and services used in the normal course of business (see Commitments and Contingencies, Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), (ii) operating lease obligations (see Leases, Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), and (iviii) pension benefit plan (see Pension Benefit Plans, Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

At March 31, ~~2025~~2026, the total accrual of our retirement obligation for our chairman and CEO was $1.2 million. The payment stream for this retirement obligation is based upon the retirement date which is currently not determinable.

At March 31, ~~2025~~2026, the total amount of net unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions and the accrual for the related interest was $0.9 million. We are unable to make a reliable estimate when cash settlement, if any, will occur with a tax authority as the timing of examinations and ultimate resolution of those examinations is uncertain.

Table of Contents

Cash Requirements

We are actively managing the business to generate cash flow and believe that we currently have adequate liquidity. We believe that these factors will allow us to meet our anticipated funding requirements for at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.

We have contractual obligations for operating leases, unconditional purchase obligations, pension benefits plans and certain other long-term liabilities. We expect net cash provided by operating activities combined with cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and investments and borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility will provide sufficient liquidity to fund current obligations, capital spending, ~~debt service requirements~~ and working capital requirements over at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of cash flows from operating activities, available cash balances, and our revolving credit facility. However, macroeconomic conditions, including high inflation and interest rates, and international trade relations (including trade ~~protection~~protections measures, such as tariffs and other trade barriers), ~~and a potential recession,~~ could increase our anticipated funding requirements or make it more difficult for us to access capital.

A portion of our cash may be used to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products, to obtain the right to use complementary technologies, ~~to repay borrowings under our Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement,~~ or to repurchase shares of our common stock through our stock repurchase programs. From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, we evaluate potential acquisitions of such businesses, products or technologies. If our existing sources of liquidity are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities. Macroeconomic conditions, including high interest rates and volatility in the capital markets, may make it difficult for us to secure additional financing on favorable terms or at all. Any sale of additional equity or debt securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

Recent Accounting Standards

For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, See Note 2 contained in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" included in Part IV of this Annual Report.

Table of Contents

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk. We hold our cash, cash equivalents and investments for working capital purposes. Some of the securities we invest in are subject to market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. To minimize this risk, we maintain our portfolio of cash, cash equivalents and investments in a variety of securities, including money market funds and corporate and government debt securities. The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to our investment portfolio. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, we believe that we do not have any material exposure to changes in the fair value of our investment portfolio as a result of changes in interest rates. Declines in interest rates, however, would reduce future interest income. The effect of a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in overall interest rates would not have had a material impact on our operating results or the total fair value of the portfolio.

Credit Risk. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities consist primarily of U.S government and municipal obligations, agency bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, and money market instruments.

At March 31, ~~2025~~2026 and periodically throughout the year, we have maintained cash balances in various operating accounts in excess of federally insured limits. We limit the amount of credit exposure with any one financial institution by evaluating the creditworthiness of the financial institutions with which we invest.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. As a result of our foreign operations, we face exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates, primarily the Euro, British Pound, ~~Canadian~~Indian ~~Dollar~~Rupee, and ~~Indian~~Canadian ~~Rupee~~Dollar. The current exposures arise primarily from expenses denominated in foreign currencies. We currently engage in foreign currency hedging activities in order to limit these exposures. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative trading purposes.

At March 31, ~~2025~~2026, we had foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments with notional amounts totaling $1011.60 million. The valuation of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at March 31, ~~2025~~2026 resulted in a liability balance of $550.3 ~~thousand~~million, reflecting unfavorable contract rates in comparison to current market rates at this date and an asset balance of less than $~~197~~0.1 ~~thousand~~million, reflecting favorable rates in comparison to current market rates. At March 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedging instruments with notional amounts totaling $1110.76 million. The valuation of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at March 31, ~~2024~~2025 resulted in a liability balance of $740.1 ~~thousand~~million, reflecting unfavorable contract rates in comparison to current market rates at this date and an asset balance of $110.2 ~~thousand~~million, reflecting favorable rates in comparison to current market rates ~~at this date~~. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would not have a material impact on our historical consolidated financial statements. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.

Table of Contents

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Our Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm appear beginning on page F-1 attached to this report.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

There have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting or financial disclosure matters.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of March 31, ~~2025~~2026, NetScout, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of March 31, ~~2025~~2026 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information relating to NetScout, including its consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed by NetScout in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended March 31, ~~2025~~2026, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, ~~2025~~2026. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework in 2013. Based on our assessment, we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, ~~2025~~2026.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, ~~2025~~2026 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Item 8 herein.

Table of Contents

Item 9B. Other Information

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements:

Name & Title

Date Adopted

Character of Trading Arrangement(1)

Aggregate Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Purchased or Sold Pursuant to Trading Arrangement

Duration(2)

Date Terminated

John Downing, Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales

February 21, 2025

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement

Up to 24,000 shares to be sold

February 27, 2026

N/A

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

(1) Each trading arrangement marked as a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement” is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), as amended (the “Rule”).

(2) Represents the expiration date of the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement.. Pursuant to the terms of the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement, the Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement may terminate earlier upon the occurrence of certain events.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

5453

Table of Contents

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item 10 relating to our nominees and directors will be included under the heading “Proposal 1 – Election of Directors” in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect to our ~~2025~~2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report (our “Proxy Statement”) and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item 10 relating to our executive officers will be included under the heading “Executive Officers” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item 10 regarding our Audit Committee will be included under the headings “Audit Committee Matters” and “Corporate Governance” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. We will provide disclosure of delinquent Section 16(a) reports, if any, in our Proxy Statement, and such disclosure, if any, is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a written code of business conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The code of business conduct and ethics is available on our corporate website at ir.netscout.com under the section entitled "Governance Overview & Related Materials" in the "Corporate Governance" menu. If we make any substantive amendments to our code of business conduct or grant any of our directors or executive officers any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of our code of business conduct and ethics, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on our website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

The information required by this Item 10 relating to our insider trading policies and procedures will be included under the sub-heading “Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Policies for Compensation Risk Mitigation” in our Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item 11 relating to director and executive compensation will be included inunder ~~our~~the ~~definitive~~headings ~~Proxy~~“Compensation ~~Statement~~Discussion ~~with~~and ~~respect~~Analysis,” to“Report ~~our~~of ~~2025~~Compensation ~~Annual~~Committee ~~Meeting~~ of ~~Stockholders~~the toBoard beof ~~filed~~Directors,” ~~with~~“Compensation ~~the~~Committee ~~SEC~~Interlocks ~~not~~and ~~later~~Insider ~~than~~Participation” ~~120 days~~and ~~after~~“Compensation ~~the~~and ~~end~~Other ofInformation ~~the~~Concerning ~~fiscal~~Executive ~~year~~Officers” ~~covered~~in byour ~~this~~Proxy ~~Annual~~Statement ~~Report~~ and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item 12 relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management will be included under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our ~~definitive~~ Proxy Statement ~~with~~and ~~respect~~the toinformation ~~our~~required ~~2025~~by ~~Annual~~this ~~Meeting~~Item of12 ~~Stockholders~~relating to besecurities ~~filed~~authorized ~~with~~for ~~the~~issuance ~~SEC~~under ~~not~~equity ~~later~~compensation ~~than~~plans ~~120 days~~is ~~after~~included under the ~~end~~heading of“Equity ~~the~~Compensation ~~fiscal~~Plan ~~year~~Information” ~~covered~~in byour ~~this~~Proxy ~~Annual~~Statement, ~~Report~~ and in each case is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item 13 ~~will~~relating ~~be included in our definitive Proxy Statement with respect~~ to ~~our~~the ~~2025~~review, ~~Annual~~approval ~~Meeting~~or ratification of ~~Stockholders~~transactions ~~to be filed~~ with ~~the~~related ~~SEC~~persons ~~not~~will ~~later~~be ~~than~~included ~~120 days~~under ~~after~~ the ~~end~~heading of“Transactions ~~the~~with ~~fiscal~~Related ~~year~~Persons” ~~covered~~in byour ~~this~~Proxy ~~Annual~~Statement ~~Report~~ and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this Item 14 will be included inunder ~~our~~the ~~definitive~~heading ~~Proxy~~“Audit ~~Statement~~Committee ~~with~~Matters” ~~respect~~in to our ~~2025~~Proxy ~~Annual~~Statement ~~Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report~~ and is incorporated herein by reference.

5554

Table of Contents

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)

1Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~Consolidated Financial Statements.~~

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)

F-2

~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)~~

~~F-2~~

Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2025 and 2024

F-5

Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2026 and 2025

F-4

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

F-6

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended March 31, 2026, 2025 and 2024

F-5

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

F-7

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended March 31, 2026, 2025 and 2024

F-6

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

F-8

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended March 31, 2026, 2025 and 2024

F-7

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

F-9

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended March 31, 2026, 2025 and 2024

F-8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

F-9

~~Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements~~

~~F-10~~

2Financial Statement Schedule.

~~Financial Statement Schedule.~~

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

S-1

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended March 31, 2026, 2025 and 2024

S-1

No other financial statement schedules have been included because they are either not applicable or the information is in the consolidated financial statements.

~~No other financial statement schedules have been included because they are either not applicable or the information is in the consolidated financial statements.~~

3Exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report.

~~Exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report.~~

(b)

We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the exhibits listed in Item 15(a)(3) above.

~~We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the exhibits listed in Item 15(a)(3) above.~~

(c)

We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)(2) above.

~~We hereby file as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(a)(2) above.~~

5655

Table of Contents

NetScout Systems, Inc.

Index to Exhibits

3.1, 4.1		Composite conformed copy of Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NetScout (as amended) (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to NetScout’s current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on September 21, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.1	Composite conformed copy of Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NetScout (as amended) (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to NetScout’s current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on September 21, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2, 4.2		Amended and Restated By-laws of NetScout (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to NetScout’s current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 11, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
3.2	Amended and Restated By-laws of NetScout (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to NetScout’s current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 11, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.3		Specimen Certificate for shares of NetScout’s Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2001, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 29, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1	Description of Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to NetScout's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.4		Description of Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to NetScout's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1*	Form of Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement between NetScout and each director and executive officer (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed January 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1*		Form of Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement between NetScout and each director and executive officer filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2013, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed January 28, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.2	Lease between Arturo J. Gutierrez and John A. Cataldo, Trustees of Nashoba Westford Realty Trust, u/d/t dated April 27, 2000 and recorded with the Middlesex North Registry of Deeds in Book 10813, Page 38 and NetScout for Westford Technology Park West, as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2001, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 29, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.2		Lease between Arturo J. Gutierrez and John A. Cataldo, Trustees of Nashoba Westford Realty Trust, u/d/t dated April 27, 2000 and recorded with the Middlesex North Registry of Deeds in Book 10813, Page 38 and NetScout for Westford Technology Park West, as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.26 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2001, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 29, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference).
10.3	Third Amendment Agreement, dated August 10, 2010, to that certain Lease, dated August 17, 2000, as amended, between the Company and Westford West I Limited Partnership, as successor to Arturo J. Gutierrez and John A. Cataldo, Trustees of Nashoba Westford Realty Trust, u/d/t dated April 27, 2000 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed November 9, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.3*		Agreement Relating to Employment, dated January 3, 2007, by and between NetScout and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on January 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.4	Third Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2024, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2021, by and among NetScout Systems, Inc., as borrower; certain subsidiaries of NetScout Systems, Inc., as loan parties; the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent attaching the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2024, by and among NetScout Systems, Inc., as borrower; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent; JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., RBC Capital Markets, PNC Capital Markets LLC and Mizuho Bank, Ltd., as joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners; TD Bank, N.A. and Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company, as co-documentation agents; and the lenders and issuing banks party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout's current report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on October 4, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.4*		Amendment No. 1, dated February 2, 2007, to Agreement Relating to Employment by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2006, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed February 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.5*	Agreement Relating to Employment, dated January 3, 2007, by and between NetScout and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on January 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.5*		Amendment No. 2, dated December 22, 2008, to Agreement Relating to Employment by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2008, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed February 6, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.6*	Amendment No. 1, dated February 2, 2007, to Agreement Relating to Employment by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2006, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed February 5, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.6*		Amendment No. 3, dated May 28, 2012, to Agreement Relating to Employment, by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 1, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.7*	Amendment No. 2, dated December 22, 2008, to Agreement Relating to Employment by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2008, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed February 6, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.7*		Form of Amended and Restated Severance Agreement for Executive Officers (other than the CEO) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 1, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.8*	Amendment No. 3, dated May 28, 2012, to Agreement Relating to Employment, by and between the Company and Anil K. Singhal (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 1, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.8*		Transition agreement, dated May 7, 2025 by and between the Company and Jean Bua (filed herewith).
10.9*	Form of Amended and Restated Severance Agreement for Executive Officers (other than the CEO) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to NetScout’s Current Report on Form 8-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on June 1, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.9*		Transition agreement, dated May 7, 2025 by and between the Company and Michael Szabados (filed herewith).
10.10*	Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Severance Agreement for Executive Officers (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to NetScout’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2014, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on January 27, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.10*		Offer Letter, dated May 7, 2025, by and between the Company and Anthony Piazza (filed herewith).
10.11*		Offer Letter, dated May 7, 2025, by and between the Company and Sanjay Munshi (filed herewith).

Table of Contents


10.11*		Transition and Separation Agreement, dated May 7, 2025 by and between the Company and Jean Bua (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 15, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.12*		Transition and Separation Agreement, dated May 7, 2025 by and between the Company and Michael Szabados (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 15, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.13*		Offer Letter, dated May 7, 2025, by and between the Company and Anthony Piazza (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 15, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.14*		Offer Letter, dated May 7, 2025, by and between the Company and Sanjay Munshi (filed as Exhibit 10.11 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 15, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.15*		NetScout Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to NetScout’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, SEC File No. 333-267069, filed on August 25, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.16*		Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to NetScout's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on November 4, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.17*		NetScout Systems, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to NetScout's Registration Statement on Form S-8, SEC File No. 333-290226, filed on September 12, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.18*		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement with respect to the NetScout Systems, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.18 to NetScout’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, SEC File No. 000-26251, filed on May 15, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference).

Filing Compare · NETSCOUT SYSTEMS INC