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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to________

Commission file number 0-22208

QCR HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	42-1397595
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3551 7^th Street, Moline, Illinois 61265

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(309) 736-3580

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value	QCRH	The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐		Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: As of November 1, 2025, the Registrant had outstanding 16,838,653 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share.

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

			Page Number(s)
Part I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	Item 1	Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

		Consolidated Balance Sheets As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	4

		Consolidated Statements of Income For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	5

		Consolidated Statements of Income For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	6

		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	7

		Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	8

		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024	9

		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10

		Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	10
		Note 2. Investment Securities	12
		Note 3. Loans/Leases Receivable	17
		Note 4. Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities	26
		Note 5. Derivatives and Hedging Activities	26
		Note 6. Other Borrowings	29
		Note 7. Subordinated Notes	30
		Note 8. Income Taxes	31
		Note 9. Earnings Per Share	32
		Note 10. Fair Value	32
		Note 11. Business Segment Information	35
		Note 12. Regulatory Capital Requirements	37
		Note 13. Commitments	38
		Note 14. Subsequent Event	38

	Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

		Introduction	39
		General	39
		Critical Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates	39
		Executive Overview	39
		Strategic Financial Metrics	41
		Strategic Developments	42
		GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations	43
		Net Interest Income - (Tax Equivalent Basis)	45
		Results of Operations	50

Table of Contents

		Interest Income	50
		Interest Expense	50
		Provision for Credit Losses	50
		Noninterest Income	51
		Noninterest Expense	54
		Income Taxes	56
		Financial Condition	57
		Investment Securities	57
		Loans/Leases	58
		Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans/Leases and OBS Exposures	60
		Nonperforming Assets	62
		Deposits	63
		Borrowings	63
		Stockholders' Equity	65
		Liquidity and Capital Resources	66
		Special Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements	67

	Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	69

	Item 4	Controls and Procedures	71

Part II	OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1	Legal Proceedings	72

	Item 1A	Risk Factors	72

	Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	72

	Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	72

	Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	72

	Item 5	Other Information	72

	Item 6	Exhibits	73

Signatures

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we use certain acronyms and abbreviations, as defined in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024


	September 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	77,581	$	91,732
Federal funds sold		22,200		27,150
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions		137,833		143,442

Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (including securities pledged on other borrowings of $200,283 and $0, respectively, net of allowance for credit losses)		954,115		835,797
Securities available for sale, at fair value		271,349		281,109
Securities trading, at fair value		83,225		83,529
Total securities		1,308,689		1,200,435

Loans receivable held for sale		1,457		2,143
Loans/leases receivable held for investment		7,177,464		6,782,261
Gross loans/leases receivable		7,178,921		6,784,404
Less allowance for credit losses		(88,770)		(89,841)
Net loans/leases receivable		7,090,151		6,694,563

Bank-owned life insurance		112,049		109,575
Premises and equipment, net		193,170		159,153
Restricted investment securities		35,810		35,412
Other real estate owned, net		—		661
Goodwill		138,595		138,595
Intangibles		9,077		11,061
Derivatives		207,775		186,781
Other assets		235,372		227,470
Total assets	$	9,568,302	$	9,026,030

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	931,774	$	921,160
Interest-bearing		6,448,294		6,140,027
Total deposits		7,380,068		7,061,187

Short-term borrowings		2,850		1,800
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		290,383		285,383
Other borrowings		130,609		—
Subordinated notes		234,027		233,489
Junior subordinated debentures		48,958		48,860
Derivatives		230,742		214,823
Other liabilities		163,750		183,101
Total liabilities		8,481,387		8,028,643


Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 250,000 September 2025 and December 2024 - no shares issued or outstanding		—		—
Common stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 20,000,000 September 2025 - 16,838,866 shares issued and outstanding December 2024 - 16,882,045 shares issued and outstanding		16,839		16,882
Additional paid-in capital		375,319		374,975
Retained earnings		747,323		665,171
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Securities available for sale		(36,920)		(37,965)
Derivatives		(15,646)		(21,676)
Total stockholders' equity		1,086,915		997,387
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	9,568,302	$	9,026,030

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Interest and dividend income:
Loans/leases, including fees:
Taxable	$	77,347	$	82,149
Nontaxable		29,820		27,416
Securities:
Taxable		4,879		4,440
Nontaxable		10,904		8,488
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions		1,340		1,915
Restricted investment securities		570		840
Federal funds sold		155		172
Total interest and dividend income		125,015		125,420

Interest expense:
Deposits		52,817		55,386
Short-term borrowings		22		32
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		2,348		5,971
Other borrowings		479		—
Subordinated notes		3,861		3,616
Junior subordinated debentures		689		693
Total interest expense		60,216		65,698
Net interest income		64,799		59,722
Provision for credit losses		4,305		3,484
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		60,494		56,238

Noninterest income:
Trust fees		3,544		3,270
Investment advisory and management fees		1,488		1,229
Deposit service fees		2,231		2,294
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net		529		385
Gains on sales of government guaranteed portions of loans, net		6		—
Capital markets revenue		23,832		16,290
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		952		814
Debit card fees		1,648		1,575
Correspondent banking fees		664		507
Loan related fee income		846		949
Fair value gain (loss) on derivatives and trading securities		324		(886)
Other		587		730
Total noninterest income		36,651		27,157

Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		34,338		31,637
Occupancy and equipment expense		7,363		6,168
Professional and data processing fees		6,741		4,457
Restructuring expense		—		1,954
FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees		2,035		1,711
Loan/lease expense		345		587
Net cost of (income from) and losses/(gains) on operations of other real estate		3		(42)
Advertising and marketing		1,830		2,124
Communication and data connectivity		40		333
Supplies		259		278
Bank service charges		678		603
Correspondent banking expense		338		325
Intangibles amortization		662		690
Goodwill impairment		—		432
Payment card processing		569		785
Trust expense		412		395
Other		974		1,128
Total noninterest expense		56,587		53,565
Net income before income taxes		40,558		29,830
Federal and state income tax expense		3,844		2,045
Net income	$	36,714	$	27,785

Basic earnings per common share	$	2.17	$	1.65
Diluted earnings per common share	$	2.16	$	1.64

Weighted average common shares outstanding		16,919,785		16,846,200
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding		17,015,730		16,982,400

Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.06	$	0.06

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands, except share data)
Interest and dividend income:
Loans/leases, including fees:
Taxable	$	226,557	$	239,023
Nontaxable		83,915		77,595
Securities:
Taxable		14,272		12,986
Nontaxable		30,274		23,350
Interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions		4,778		4,254
Restricted investment securities		1,726		2,383
Federal funds sold		413		624
Total interest and dividend income		361,935		360,215

Interest expense:
Deposits		154,217		159,855
Short-term borrowings		55		76
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		7,197		16,948
Other borrowings		479		—
Subordinated notes		11,062		10,678
Junior subordinated debentures		2,058		2,074
Total interest expense		175,068		189,631
Net interest income		186,867		170,584
Provision for credit losses		12,582		11,949
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		174,285		158,635

Noninterest income:
Trust fees		10,625		9,572
Investment advisory and management fees		3,996		3,544
Deposit service fees		6,601		6,302
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans, net		1,382		1,307
Gains on sales of government guaranteed portions of loans, net		107		36
Capital markets revenue		40,217		50,505
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance		2,474		4,646
Debit card fees		4,784		4,612
Correspondent banking fees		1,977		1,529
Loan related fee income		2,840		2,747
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities		(453)		(998)
Other		1,108		1,102
Total noninterest income		75,658		84,904

Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		90,176		94,576
Occupancy and equipment expense		20,655		19,059
Professional and data processing fees		17,974		13,893
Restructuring expense		—		1,954
FDIC insurance, other insurance and regulatory fees		5,965		5,510
Loan/lease expense		1,133		1,116
Net cost of (income from) and losses/(gains) on operations of other real estate		44		(44)
Advertising and marketing		5,189		5,172
Communication and data connectivity		604		1,052
Supplies		718		812
Bank service charges		1,994		1,793
Correspondent banking expense		981		993
Intangibles amortization		1,984		2,070
Goodwill impairment		—		432
Payment card processing		1,710		2,137
Trust expense		1,182		1,199
Other		2,400		2,419
Total noninterest expense		152,709		154,143
Net income before income taxes		97,234		89,396
Federal and state income tax expense		5,704		5,771
Net income	$	91,530	$	83,625

Basic earnings per common share	$	5.41	$	4.97
Diluted earnings per common share	$	5.38	$	4.94

Weighted average common shares outstanding		16,916,371		16,814,787
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding		17,011,877		16,938,309

Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.18	$	0.18


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)

Net income	$	36,714	$	27,785

Other comprehensive income:

Unrealized gains on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period before tax		9,262		9,425
		9,262		9,425

Unrealized gains on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period before tax		1,784		6,624
Less: reclassification adjustment for caplet amortization before tax		—		(130)
		1,784		6,754

Other comprehensive income, before tax		11,046		16,179
Tax expense		3,054		4,121
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		8,342		12,058

Comprehensive income	$	45,056	$	39,843


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)

Net income	$	91,530	$	83,625

Other comprehensive income:

Unrealized gains on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period before tax		1,365		5,833
Less reclassification adjustment for impairment losses included in net income before tax		—		445
		1,365		5,388
Unrealized gains on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period before tax		8,061		2,750
Less reclassification adjustment for caplet amortization before tax		—		(376)
		8,061		3,126

Other comprehensive income, before tax		9,426		8,514
Tax expense		2,351		2,197
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		7,075		6,317

Comprehensive income	$	98,605	$	89,942

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


							Accumulated
			Additional				Other
	Common		Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		(Loss)		Total

	(dollars in thousands)

Balance December 31, 2024	$	16,882	$	374,975	$	665,171	$	(59,641)	$	997,387
Net income		—		—		25,797		—		25,797
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		404		404
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share		—		—		(1,015)		—		(1,015)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		1,299		—		—		1,299
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans		38		(1,163)		—		—		(1,125)
Balance, March 31, 2025	$	16,920	$	375,111	$	689,953	$	(59,237)	$	1,022,747
Net income		—		—		29,019		—		29,019
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		(1,671)		(1,671)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share		—		—		(1,016)		—		(1,016)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		622		—		—		622
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans		15		838		—		—		853
Balance, June 30, 2025	$	16,935	$	376,571	$	717,956	$	(60,908)	$	1,050,554
Net income		—		—		36,714		—		36,714
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		8,342		8,342
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share		—		—		(1,017)		—		(1,017)
Repurchase and cancellation of 115,735 shares of common stock
as a result of a share repurchase program		(116)		(2,547)		(6,330)		—		(8,993)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		687		—		—		687
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans		20		608		—		—		628
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	16,839	$	375,319	$	747,323	$	(52,566)	$	1,086,915


							Accumulated
			Additional				Other
	Common		Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		(Loss)		Total

	(dollars in thousands)

Balance December 31, 2023	$	16,749	$	370,814	$	554,992	$	(55,959)	$	886,596
Net income		—		—		26,726		—		26,726
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		(5,373)		(5,373)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share		—		—		(1,008)		—		(1,008)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		941		—		—		941
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans		58		(598)		—		—		(540)
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	16,807	$	371,157	$	580,710	$	(61,332)	$	907,342
Net income		—		—		29,114		—		29,114
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		—		—		—		(368)		(368)
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share		—		—		(1,008)		—		(1,008)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		696		—		—		696
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans		18		525		—		—		543
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	16,825	$	372,378	$	608,816	$	(61,700)	$	936,319
Net income		—		—		27,785		—		27,785
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		—		—		—		12,058		12,058
Common cash dividends declared, $0.06 per share		—		—		(1,012)		—		(1,012)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		235		—		—		235
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans		36		1,199		—		—		1,235
Balance, September 30, 2024	$	16,861	$	373,812	$	635,589	$	(49,642)	$	976,620

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Table of Contents

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	91,530	$	83,625
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		6,995		6,200
Provision for credit losses		12,582		11,949
Stock-based compensation expense		2,608		1,872
Deferred compensation expense accrued		4,373		4,373
Gains on other real estate owned, net		(35)		(223)
Amortization of premiums on securities, net		(285)		871
Caplet amortization		—		376
Fair value loss on derivatives and trading securities		452		999
Ineffectiveness on fair value hedges		16		16
Loans originated for sale		(60,484)		(57,256)
Proceeds on sales of loans		62,659		60,087
Gains on sales of residential real estate loans		(1,382)		(1,307)
Gains on sales of government guaranteed portions of loans		(107)		(36)
Proceeds from loan securitizations		—		193,520
Net gain on loan securitizations		—		473
Losses on sales and disposals of premises and equipment		6		143
Amortization of intangibles		1,984		2,070
Accretion of acquisition fair value adjustments, net		(451)		(463)
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance		(2,474)		(2,414)
Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefits		—		(2,232)
Goodwill impairment		—		432
Increase in other assets		(9,722)		(7,628)
Decrease in other liabilities		(22,132)		(28,239)
Net cash provided by provided by operating activities	$	86,133	$	267,208

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net decrease in federal funds sold		4,950		22,250
Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing deposits at financial institutions		5,609		(41,040)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		806		1,687
Activity in securities portfolio:
Purchases		(170,497)		(148,091)
Calls, maturities and redemptions		41,846		35,284
Paydowns		22,046		13,528
Sales		—		445
Activity in restricted investment securities:
Purchases		(4,606)		(6,272)
Redemptions		4,208		8,534
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance death benefits		—		4,085
Net increase in loans/leases originated and held for investment		(407,482)		(525,328)
Purchase of premises and equipment		(42,863)		(30,542)
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment		1,845		2
Purchase of swaptions		—		(4,500)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(544,138)	$	(669,958)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net increase in deposit accounts		318,881		470,628
Net increase in short-term borrowings		1,050		1,250
Activity in Federal Home Loan Bank advances:
Term advances		—		10,383
Net change in short-term and overnight advances		5,000		(70,000)
Activity in other borrowings:
Proceeds from other borrowings		130,604		—
Prepayments of subordinated notes		(70,000)		—
Proceeds from subordinated notes		70,000		—
Payment of cash dividends on common stock		(3,044)		(4,032)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net		356		1,238
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock		(8,993)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	443,854	$	409,467

Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks		(14,151)		6,717

Cash and due from banks, beginning		91,732		97,123
Cash and due from banks, ending	$	77,581	$	103,840


	2025		2024

	(dollars in thousands)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information, cash payments for:
Interest	$	177,880	$	188,761
Income/franchise taxes		635		4,353

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities:
Change in fair value of fair value hedges		(2,004)		—
Transfers of loans to other real estate owned		110		486
Transfer of loans to held for sale for securitizations in preparation		—		165,941
Beneficial interests (trading securities) acquired in securitizations		—		36,670
Increase in the fair value of back-to-back interest rate swap assets and liabilities		23,186		73,885
Dividends payable		1,017		—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Table of Contents

Part I

Item 1

QCR HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

September 30, 2025

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation: The interim unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025. Accordingly, footnote disclosures, which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, have been omitted.

The financial information of the Company included herein has been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting and has been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Such information reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. Any differences appearing between the numbers presented in financial statements and management's discussion and analysis are due to rounding. The results of the interim period ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, 2025, or for any other period.

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It may be helpful to refer back to this page as you read this report.


ACL: Allowance for credit losses	FTEs: Full-time equivalents
AFS: Available for sale	GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Allowance: Allowance for credit losses	GB: Guaranty Bank
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	GFED: Guaranty Federal Bancshares, Inc.
ASC: Accounting Standards Codification	HTM: Held to maturity
ASU: Accounting Standards Update	ICS: Insured Cash Sweep
BOLI: Bank-owned life insurance	LIHTC: Low-income housing tax credit
Caps: Interest rate cap derivatives	m2: m2 Equipment Finance, LLC
CDARS: Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service	NIM: Net interest margin
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses	NPA: Nonperforming asset
Community National: Community National Bancorporation	NPL: Nonperforming loan
Company: QCR Holdings, Inc.	OBS: Off-balance sheet
CRBT: Cedar Rapids Bank & Trust Company	OREO: Other real estate owned
CRE: Commercial real estate	PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
CSB: Community State Bank	Provision: Provision for credit losses
C&I: Commercial and industrial	QCBT: Quad City Bank & Trust Company
EBA: Excess balance account	ROAA: Return on average assets
EPS: Earnings per share	ROAE: Return on average equity
Exchange Act: Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as	SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
amended	SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board	SPE: Special purpose entity
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	Swaption: Swap option
Federal Reserve: Board of Governors of the Federal	TA: Tangible assets
Reserve System	TCE: Tangible common equity
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank	TEY: Tax equivalent yield
FRB: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago	VIE: Variable interest entities

Table of Contents

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries which include the accounts of four commercial banks: QCBT, CRBT, CSB and GB. All four banks are state-chartered commercial banks and all are members of the Federal Reserve system. The Company has historically engaged in direct financing lease contracts through m2, a wholly owned subsidiary of QCBT. Since the third quarter of 2024, m2 has discontinued offering new loans and leases. Additionally, the Company also engages in wealth management services through its banking subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Recent accounting developments:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Investors, lenders, creditors and other allocators of capital information will be able to use the expanded disclosures to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operation opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest and Similar Awards.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance improves GAAP by adding an illustrative example to demonstrate how an entity should apply the scope guidance of “Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation” for profits interest and similar awards. The illustrative examples will benefit investors and other allocators of capital by providing them with more consistent information. The ASU is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those annual periods. The standard was adopted on January 1, 2025 and did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” Under the standard, the accounting guidance improves disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses, and provides more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Table of Contents

NOTE 2– INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:


			Allowance		Gross		Gross
	Amortized		for Credit		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		(Losses)		Gains		(Losses)		Value

	(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025:
Securities HTM:
Municipal securities	$	924,179	$	(254)	$	17,002	$	(119,656)	$	821,271
Corporate securities		29,149		(8)		3,583		—		32,724
Other securities		1,050		(1)		—		—		1,049
	$	954,378	$	(263)	$	20,585	$	(119,656)	$	855,044

Securities AFS:
U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities	$	16,076	$	—	$	2	$	(1,870)	$	14,208
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities		60,800		—		245		(3,937)		57,108
Municipal securities		203,826		—		31		(42,367)		161,490
Asset-backed securities		4,822		—		96		—		4,918
Corporate securities		34,688		—		109		(1,172)		33,625
	$	320,212	$	—	$	483	$	(49,346)	$	271,349


			Allowance		Gross		Gross
	Amortized		for Credit		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		(Losses)		Gains		(Losses)		Value

	(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2024:
Securities HTM:
Municipal securities	$	806,992	$	(254)	$	23,292	$	(63,164)	$	766,866
Corporate securities		28,018		(8)		4,665		—		32,675
Other securities		1,050		(1)		—		(7)		1,042
	$	836,060	$	(263)	$	27,957	$	(63,171)	$	800,583

Securities AFS:
U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities	$	23,113	$	—	$	7	$	(2,529)	$	20,591
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities		55,641		—		3		(5,602)		50,042
Municipal securities		204,664		—		—		(40,089)		164,575
Asset-backed securities		9,053		—		171		—		9,224
Corporate securities		38,866		—		4		(2,193)		36,677
	$	331,337	$	—	$	185	$	(50,413)	$	281,109

The Company's HTM municipal securities consist largely of private issues of municipal debt. The large majority of the municipalities are located within the Midwest. The municipal debt investments are underwritten using specific guidelines with ongoing monitoring.

The Company's residential mortgage-backed and related securities portfolio consists entirely of government sponsored or government guaranteed securities. The Company has not invested in private mortgage-backed securities or pooled trust preferred securities.

Table of Contents

Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are summarized in the tables below. Securities AFS, for which an allowance for credit losses has been provided, are not included in these disclosures as there are no unrealized losses remaining after consideration of the ACL.


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
			Gross				Gross				Gross
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses

	(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2025:
Securities HTM:
Municipal securities	$	176,393	$	(59,388)	$	291,912	$	(60,268)	$	468,305	$	(119,656)

Securities AFS:
U.S. treasuries and govt. sponsored agency securities	$	—	$	—	$	13,607	$	(1,870)	$	13,607	$	(1,870)
Residential mortgage-backed and related securities		4,560		(51)		33,832		(3,886)		38,392		(3,937)
Municipal securities		1,421		(19)		157,552		(42,348)		158,973		(42,367)
Corporate securities		480		(1)		24,679		(1,171)		25,159		(1,172)
	$	6,461	$	(71)	$	229,670	$	(49,275)	$	236,131	$	(49,346)

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or More

Total

Gross

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

Value

Losses

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2024:

Securities HTM:

Municipal securities

162,914

(14,382)

QCR HOLDINGS INC 10-Q