UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35160

VOC ENERGY TRUST

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		80-6183103
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., Trustee
Global Corporate Trust
601 Travis Street, Floor 16
Houston, Texas		77002
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

1-713-483-6020

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Units of Beneficial Interest		VOC		The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ¨ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨		Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer x		Smaller reporting company x
		Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of November 10, 2025, 17,000,000 Units of Beneficial Interest in VOC Energy Trust were outstanding.

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

VOC ENERGY TRUST

STATEMENTS OF DISTRIBUTABLE INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Income from net profits interest	$	2,157,519		$	3,398,618		$	6,541,289		$	10,380,195
Cash on hand withheld for Trust expenses		(131,327	)		(136,130	)		(233,685	)		(350,411	)
General and administrative expenses ⁽¹⁾		(156,192	)		(202,488	)		(782,604	)		(679,784	)
Distributable income	$	1,870,000		$	3,060,000		$	5,525,000		$	9,350,000
Distributions per Trust unit (17,000,000 Trust units issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and 2024)	$	0.11		$	0.18		$	0.325		$	0.55

(1)

Includes $32,464 and $31,215 paid to VOC Brazos Energy Partners, LP (“VOC Brazos”) during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $96,143 and $92,444 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Also includes $37,500 paid to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. during each of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and $112,500 during each of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND TRUST CORPUS

	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,978,362		$	1,744,677
Investment in net profits interest		140,591,606			140,591,606
Accumulated amortization and impairment		(131,799,852	)		(130,464,406	)
Total assets	$	10,770,116		$	11,871,877

TRUST CORPUS
Trust corpus, 17,000,000 Trust units issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	$	10,770,116		$	11,871,877

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN TRUST CORPUS

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Trust corpus, beginning of period	$	11,093,493		$	12,687,168		$	11,871,877		$	13,372,565
Income from net profits interest		2,157,519			3,398,618			6,541,289			10,380,195
Cash distributions		(1,870,000	)		(3,060,000	)		(5,525,000	)		(9,350,000	)
Trust expenses		(156,192	)		(202,488	)		(782,604	)		(679,784	)
Amortization of net profits interest		(454,704	)		(458,673	)		(1,335,446	)		(1,358,351	)
Trust corpus, end of period	$	10,770,116		$	12,364,625		$	10,770,116		$	12,364,625

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed financial statements.

VOC ENERGY TRUST

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization of the Trust

VOC Energy Trust (the “Trust”) is a statutory trust formed on November 3, 2010 (capitalized on December 17, 2010) under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act pursuant to a Trust Agreement dated November 3, 2010 (as amended and restated on May 10, 2011, the “Trust Agreement”) among VOC Brazos Energy Partners, L.P., a Texas limited partnership (“VOC Brazos”), as trustor, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (the “Trustee”), and Wilmington Trust Company, as Delaware Trustee (the “Delaware Trustee”). The Trust was created to acquire and hold a term net profits interest for the benefit of the Trust unitholders.

VOC Brazos is a privately held limited partnership engaged in the production and development of oil and natural gas from properties located in Texas. VOC Kansas Energy Partners, L.L.C., a Kansas limited liability company (“VOC Kansas”), is a privately held limited liability company engaged in the production and development of oil and natural gas from properties primarily located in Kansas along with a limited number of Texas properties. In connection with the closing of the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in the Trust (“Trust Units”) in May 2011, VOC Brazos acquired all of the membership interests in VOC Kansas in exchange for newly issued limited partner interests in VOC Brazos pursuant to a Contribution and Exchange Agreement, dated August 30, 2010, as amended, by and between VOC Brazos and VOC Kansas. This resulted in VOC Kansas becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of VOC Brazos.

The Trust was created to acquire and hold a term net profits interest representing the right to receive 80% of the net proceeds (calculated as described below in Note 5) from production from the underlying properties (as defined below). The net profits interest consists of working interests in substantially all of the oil and natural gas properties held by VOC Brazos and VOC Kansas in the States of Kansas and Texas as of the date of the conveyance of the net profits interest to the Trust. We refer to the properties in which the Trust holds the net profits interest as the “underlying properties.”

The net profits interest is passive in nature, and the Trustee has no management control over and no responsibility relating to the operation of the underlying properties. The net profits interest entitles the Trust to receive 80% of the net proceeds attributable to VOC Brazos’ interest from the sale of production from the underlying properties during the term of the Trust. The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2030 or (2) the time when 10.6 million barrels of oil equivalent (“MMBoe”) (which is the equivalent of 8.5 MMBoe in respect of the net profits interest) have been produced from the underlying properties and sold, and the Trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate.

As of September 30, 2025, cumulatively, since inception, the Trust has received payment for 80% of the net proceeds attributable to VOC Brazos’ interest from the sale of 9.5 MMBoe of production from the underlying properties (which is the equivalent of 7.6 MMBoe (unaudited) in respect of the net profits interest).

The Trustee can authorize the Trust to borrow money to pay administrative or incidental expenses of the Trust that exceed cash held by the Trust. The Trustee may authorize the Trust to borrow from the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee as a lender provided the terms of the loan are similar to the terms it would grant to a similarly situated commercial customer with whom it did not have a fiduciary relationship. The Trustee may also deposit funds awaiting distribution in an account with itself and make other short-term investments with the funds distributed to the Trust.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Statement of Assets and Trust Corpus as of December 31, 2024, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim financial statements as of September 30, 2025 and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations.

The preparation of financial statements requires the Trust to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Trustee believes such information includes all the disclosures necessary to make the information presented not misleading. The information furnished reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of the Trustee, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim period presented. The financial information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Note 3. Trust Accounting Policies

The Trust uses the modified cash basis of accounting to report receipts of the net profits interest and payments of expenses incurred. The net profits interest represents the right to receive revenues (oil and natural gas sales), less direct operating expenses (lease operating expenses, lease maintenance, lease overhead, and production and property taxes) and an adjustment for lease equipment costs and lease development expenses (which are capitalized in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”)) of the underlying properties, times 80%. Actual cash receipts may vary due to timing delays of actual cash receipts from the property operators or purchasers and due to wellhead and pipeline volume balancing agreements or practices. The actual cash distributions of the Trust will be made based on the terms of the conveyance that created the Trust’s net profits interest. Expenses of the Trust, which include accounting, engineering, legal and other professional fees, Trustee fees, an administrative fee paid to VOC Brazos and out-of-pocket expenses, are recognized when paid. Under U.S. GAAP, revenues and expenses would be recognized on an accrual basis. Amortization of the investment in net profits interest is recorded on a unit-of-production method in the period in which the cash is received with respect to such production. Such amortization does not reduce distributable income, rather it is charged directly to Trust corpus.

This comprehensive basis of accounting other than U.S. GAAP corresponds to the accounting permitted for royalty trusts by the SEC as specified by Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 12:E, Financial Statements of Royalty Trusts.

Investment in the net profits interest was recorded initially at the historical cost of VOC Brazos and is periodically assessed to determine whether its aggregate value has been impaired below its total capitalized cost based on the underlying properties. The Trust will provide a write-down to its investment in the net profits interest if and when total capitalized costs, less accumulated amortization, exceeds undiscounted future net revenues attributable to the proved oil and gas reserves of the underlying properties. There was no impairment of the investment in the net profits interest during the quarters ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.

The Trust has one business activity as the owner of an investment in net profits interest, as reported in accompanying the Statements of Assets and Trust Corpus, and operates in a single operating and reportable segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), which is the Trustee. The segment participates in activities and derives its income from net profits interest as reported in the accompanying Statements of Distributable Income, and the CODM uses this in making decisions about the allocation of cash reserves for current and future Trust general and administrative expenses and the ultimate distribution to the Trust unitholders.

No new accounting pronouncements were adopted or issued during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that would impact the financial statements of the Trust.

Note 4. Investment in Net Profits Interest

The net profits interest was recorded at the historical cost of VOC Brazos on May 10, 2011, the date of the conveyance of the net profits interest to the Trust, and was calculated as follows:

Oil and gas properties	$	197,270,173
Accumulated depreciation and depletion		(17,681,155	)
Hedge liability		(1,717,713	)
20-year asset retirement liability		(2,131,797	)
Net property to be conveyed		175,739,508
Times 80% net profits interest to Trust	$	140,591,606

Note 5. Income from Net Profits Interest

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs⁽¹⁾	$	2,696,899		$	4,248,273		$	8,176,611		$	12,975,244
Times 80% net profits interest to Trust		80	%		80	%		80	%		80	%
Income from net profits interest before reserve adjustments		2,157,519			3,398,618			6,541,289			10,380,195
VOC Brazos reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—
Income from net profits interest⁽³⁾	$	2,157,519		$	3,398,618		$	6,541,289		$	10,380,195

(1)

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs reflect expenses and costs incurred by VOC Brazos during each of the March through May production periods for the three months ended September 30 and during each of the September through May production periods for the nine months ended September 30. Pursuant to the terms of the conveyance of the net profits interest, lease equipment and development costs are to be deducted when calculating the distributable income to the Trust.

(2)

Pursuant to the terms of the conveyance of the net profits interest, VOC Brazos can reserve up to $1.0 million for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures at any time. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, VOC Brazos did not withhold or release any dollar amounts due to the Trust from the reserve. The reserve balance was $1.0 million at September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(3)

The income from net profits interest is based upon the cash receipts from VOC Brazos for the oil and gas production. The revenues from oil production are typically received by VOC Brazos one month after production; thus, the cash received by the Trust during the three months ended September 30, 2025 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from March 2025 through May 2025, and the cash received by the Trust during the three months ended September 30, 2024 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from March 2024 through May 2024. The cash received by the Trust during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from September 2024 through May 2025, and the cash received by the Trust during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from September 2023 through May 2024.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, MV Purchasing, LLC, an affiliate of VOC Brazos, purchased a significant portion of the production of the underlying properties. Sales to MV Purchasing LLC, are under short-term arrangements, ranging from one to six months, using market sensitive pricing.

Note 6. Income Taxes

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and is not required to pay federal or state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes has been made.

Note 7. Distributions to Unitholders

VOC Brazos makes quarterly payments of the net profits interest to the Trust. The Trustee determines for each quarter the amount available for distribution to the Trust unitholders. This distribution is expected to be made on or before the 45th day following the end of each quarter to the Trust unitholders of record on the 30th day of the month following the end of each quarter (or the next succeeding business day). Such amounts will be equal to the excess, if any, of the cash received by the Trust relating to the preceding quarter, over the expenses of the Trust paid for such quarter, subject to adjustments for changes made by the Trustee during such quarter in any cash reserves established for future expenses of the Trust. From the first quarter of 2022 to the second quarter of 2023, the Trustee withheld a portion of the proceeds otherwise available for distribution each quarter and built a $1.175 million cash reserve for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities of the Trust. The Trustee may increase or decrease this reserve amount at any time and may increase or decrease the rate at which it withholds funds to build the cash reserve at any time, without advance notice to the unitholders. Cash held in reserve will be invested as required by the Trust Agreement. Any cash reserved in excess of the amount necessary to pay or provide for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities eventually will be distributed to unitholders, together with interest earned on the funds. This cash reserve is included in cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying Statements of Assets and Trust Corpus.

The first quarterly distribution during 2025 was $1,445,000, or $0.085 per Trust Unit, and was made on February 13, 2025 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of January 30, 2025. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from October 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024.

The second quarterly distribution during 2025 was $2,210,000, or $0.13 per Trust Unit, and was made on May 15, 2025 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of April 30, 2025. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from January 1, 2025 through March 31, 2025.

The third quarterly distribution during 2025 was $1,870,000, or $0.11 per Trust Unit, and was made on August 14, 2025 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of July 30, 2025. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from April 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025.

The first quarterly distribution during 2024 was $3,230,000, or $0.19 per Trust Unit, and was made on February 14, 2024 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of January 30, 2024. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from October 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.

The second quarterly distribution during 2024 was $3,060,000, or $0.18 per Trust Unit, and was made on May 15, 2024 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of April 30, 2024. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from January 1, 2024 through March 31, 2024.

The third quarterly distribution during 2024 was $3,060,000, or $0.18 per Trust Unit, and was made on August 14, 2024 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of July 30, 2024. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from April 1, 2024 through June 30, 2024.

Note 8. Advance for Trust Expenses

Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, the Trustee is allowed to borrow money to pay Trust expenses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no borrowings or amounts owed for money borrowed in previous quarters. Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, VOC Brazos has provided a letter of credit in the amount of $1.7 million to the Trustee to protect the Trust against the risk that it does not have sufficient cash to pay future expenses.

Note 9. Subsequent Events

On October 20, 2025, the Trust announced a Trust distribution of net profits for the quarterly payment period ended September 30, 2025. Unitholders of record on October 30, 2025 will receive a distribution amounting to $1,870,000, or $0.11 per Trust Unit, which will be paid on November 14, 2025.

Item 2. Trustee’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion of the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto. The Trust’s purpose is, in general, to hold the net profits interest, to distribute to the Trust unitholders cash that the Trust receives in respect of the net profits interest and to perform certain administrative functions in respect of the net profits interest and the Trust Units. The Trust derives substantially all of its income and cash flows from the net profits interest. All information regarding operations has been provided to the Trustee by VOC Brazos.

Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Quarters Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

The following is a summary of income from net profits interest received by the Trust for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 consisting of the July distribution for each respective year:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2025			2024
Sales volumes:
Oil (Bbl)		115,025			116,006
Natural gas (Mcf)		52,514			65,815
Total (BOE)		123,777			126,975
Average sales prices:
Oil (per Bbl)	$	61.11		$	78.36
Natural gas (per Mcf)	$	3.72		$	2.74
Gross proceeds:
Oil sales	$	7,029,457		$	9,090,488
Natural gas sales		195,603			180,419
Total gross proceeds		7,225,060			9,270,907
Costs:
Production and development costs:
Lease operating expenses		3,510,384			3,784,091
Production and property taxes		564,734			539,469
Development expenses		453,043			699,074
Total costs		4,528,161			5,022,634

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs		2,696,899			4,248,273
Times net profits interest over the term of the Trust		80	%		80	%
Income from net profits interest before reserve adjustments		2,157,519			3,398,618
VOC Brazos reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures		—			—
Income from net profits interest	$	2,157,519		$	3,398,618

The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 substantially represents the production by VOC Brazos from March 2025 through May 2025. The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 substantially represents the production by VOC Brazos from March 2024 through May 2024. The revenues from oil production are typically received by VOC Brazos one month after production.

Gross proceeds. Oil and natural gas sales were $7,225,060 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $2,045,847 or 22.1% from $9,270,907 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Revenues are a function of oil and natural gas volumes sold and prices received. The decrease in gross proceeds was due to a decrease in the market price for oil sales partially offset by an increase in the market price for natural gas sales during the third quarter of 2025. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the average price for oil decreased 22.0% to $61.11 per Bbl and the average price for natural gas increased 35.9% to $3.72 per Mcf. Oil sales volumes were 115,025 Bbls for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of 981 Bbls or 0.8% from 116,006 Bbls for the three months ended September 30, 2024, while natural gas sales volumes were 52,514 Mcf, a decrease of 13,301 Mcf or 20.2% from 65,815 Mcf for the same period in 2024.

Costs. Lease operating expenses were $3,510,384 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $273,707 or 7.2% from $3,784,091 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Production and property taxes were $564,734 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $25,265 or 4.7% from $539,469 for the same period in 2024. This increase is the result of an increase of $14,669 or 8.3% in production taxes due primarily to a tax refund for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and an increase of $10,596 or 2.9% in property taxes. Development expenses were $453,043 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $246,031 or 35.2% from $699,074 for the same period in 2024. This increase was primarily due to decreased development activity during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs. The excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs from the underlying properties was $2,696,899 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $1,551,374 or 36.5% from $4,248,273 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Trust’s 80% net profits interest of these totals was $2,157,519 and $3,398,618, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, VOC Brazos did not withhold or release any dollar amounts due to the Trust from the previously established cash reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures, which resulted in income from the net profits interest of $2,157,519 and $3,398,618 for such periods, respectively. These amounts were reduced by a Trustee holdback for current estimated Trust expenses of $287,519 and $338,618 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Trustee paid general and administrative expenses of $156,192 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $46,296 from $202,488 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. These factors resulted in distributable income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 of $1,870,000, a decrease of $1,190,000 from $3,060,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

The following is a summary of income from net profits interest received by the Trust for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 consisting of the January, April and July distributions for each respective year:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2025			2024
Sales volumes:
Oil (Bbl)		333,850			342,945
Natural gas (Mcf)		178,083			198,544
Total (BOE)		363,531			376,036
Average sales prices:
Oil (per Bbl)	$	65.96		$	77.10
Natural gas (per Mcf)	$	3.24		$	3.03
Gross proceeds:
Oil sales	$	22,021,907		$	26,440,170
Natural gas sales		577,279			601,499
Total gross proceeds		22,599,186			27,041,669
Costs:
Production and development costs:
Lease operating expenses		10,628,735			11,004,093
Production and property taxes		1,612,659			1,557,681
Development expenses		2,181,181			1,504,651
Total costs		14,422,575			14,066,425

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs		8,176,611			12,975,244
Times net profits interest over the term of the Trust		80	%		80	%
Income from net profits interest before reserve adjustments		6,541,289			10,380,195
VOC Brazos reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures		—			—
Income from net profits interest	$	6,541,289		$	10,380,195

The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 substantially represents the production by VOC Brazos from September 2024 through May 2025. The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 substantially represents the production by VOC Brazos from September 2023 through May 2024. The revenues from oil production are typically received by VOC Brazos one month after production.

Gross proceeds. Oil and natural gas sales were $22,599,186 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $4,442,483 or 16.4% from $27,041,669 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Revenues are a function of oil and natural gas volumes sold and prices received. The decrease in gross proceeds was due to decreases in oil and natural gas sales volumes and in the market price for oil sales partially offset by a slight increase in the market price for natural gas sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the average price for oil decreased 14.4% to $65.96 per Bbl and the average price for natural gas increased 7.0% to $3.24 per Mcf. Oil sales volumes were 333,850 Bbls for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of 9,095 Bbls or 2.7% from 342,945 Bbls for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, while natural gas sales volumes were 178,083 Mcf, a decrease of 20,461 Mcf or 10.3% from 198,544 Mcf for the same period in 2024.

Costs. Lease operating expenses were $10,628,735 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $375,358 or 3.4% from $11,004,093 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Production and property taxes were $1,612,659 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $54,978 or 3.5% from $1,557,681 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase is the result of a decrease of $47,277 or 7.4% in production taxes due primarily to lower sales volumes for oil and natural gas and an increase of $102,255 or 11.1% in property taxes. Development expenses were $2,181,181 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $676,530 or 45.0% from $1,504,651 for the same period in 2024. This increase was primarily due to increased development activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs. The excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs from the underlying properties was $8,176,611 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $4,798,633 or 37.0% from $12,975,244 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Trust’s 80% net profits interest of these totals was $6,541,289 and $10,380,195, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, VOC Brazos did not withhold or release any dollar amounts due to the Trust from the previously established cash reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures, which resulted in income from the net profits interest of $6,541,289 and $10,380,195 for such periods, respectively. These amounts were reduced by a Trustee holdback for current estimated Trust expenses of $1,016,289 and $1,030,195 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Trustee paid general and administrative expenses of $782,604 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $102,820 from $679,784 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. These factors resulted in distributable income of $5,525,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $9,350,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Other than Trust administrative expenses, including any reserves established by the Trustee for future liabilities, the Trust’s only use of cash is for distributions to Trust unitholders. Administrative expenses include payments to the Trustee as well as a quarterly administrative fee to VOC Brazos pursuant to an administrative services agreement. Each quarter, the Trustee determines the amount of funds available for distribution. Available funds are the excess cash, if any, received by the Trust from the net profits interest and other sources (such as interest earned on any amounts reserved by the Trustee) in that quarter, over the Trust’s expenses paid for that quarter. Available funds are reduced by any cash that the Trustee decides to reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenses. As of September 30, 2025, the Trustee held $1,978,362 as cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying Statements of Assets and Trust Corpus, which includes the $1.175 million cash reserve described below, as such a reserve.

The Trustee may cause the Trust to borrow funds required to pay expenses if the Trustee determines that the cash on hand and the cash to be received are insufficient to cover the Trust’s expenses. If the Trust borrows funds, the Trust unitholders will not receive distributions until the borrowed funds are repaid. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no such borrowings. VOC Brazos has provided a letter of credit in the amount of $1.7 million to the Trustee to protect the Trust against the risk that it does not have sufficient cash to pay future expenses.

From the first quarter of 2022 to the second quarter of 2023, the Trustee withheld a portion of the proceeds otherwise available for distribution each quarter and built a $1.175 million cash reserve for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities of the Trust. This amount is in addition to the $1.7 million letter of credit described above. The Trustee may increase or decrease this reserve amount at any time and may increase or decrease the rate at which it withholds funds to build the cash reserve at any time, without advance notice to the unitholders. Cash held in reserve will be invested as required by the Trust Agreement. Any cash reserved in excess of the amount necessary to pay or provide for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities eventually will be distributed to Trust unitholders.

Income to the Trust from the net profits interest is based on the calculation and definitions of “gross proceeds” and “net proceeds” contained in the conveyance.

As substantially all of the underlying properties are located in mature fields, VOC Brazos does not expect future costs for the underlying properties to change significantly compared to recent historical costs other than changes due to fluctuations in the general cost of oilfield services. VOC Brazos may establish a cash reserve of up to $1,000,000 in the aggregate at any given time from the dollar amount otherwise distributable to the Trust to reduce the impact on distributions of uneven capital expenditure timing. The cash reserve balance was $1,000,000 at September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Form 10-Q, including without limitation the statements under “Trustee’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, are forward-looking statements. Although VOC Brazos advised the Trust that it believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, such expectations may not prove to have been correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations (“Cautionary Statements”) are disclosed in this Form 10-Q and in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “Form 10-K”), including under the section “Item 1A. Risk Factors”. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Trust or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the Cautionary Statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The Trust is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Trustee maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust is accumulated and communicated by VOC Brazos to the Trustee, as trustee of the Trust, and its employees who participate in the preparation of the Trust’s periodic reports as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Trustee carried out an evaluation of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. A Trust Officer of the Trustee has concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures of the Trust are effective.

Due to the contractual arrangements of (i) the Trust Agreement and (ii) the conveyance of the net profits interest, the Trustee relies on (A) information provided by VOC Brazos, including historical operating data, plans for future operating and capital expenditures, reserve information and information relating to projected production and (B) conclusions and reports regarding reserves by the Trust’s independent reserve engineers. See “Risk Factors—Neither the Trust nor the Trust’s unitholders have the ability to influence VOC Brazos or control the operations or development of the underlying properties” in the Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, there was no change in the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. The Trustee notes for purposes of clarification that it has no authority over, and makes no statement concerning, the internal control over financial reporting of VOC Brazos.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have not been any material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Trust’s response to Item 1A to Part I of the Form 10-K.

Item 5. Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, no officer or employee of the Trustee who performs policy-making functions for the Trust adopted, modified, or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, with respect to the Trust Units.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The exhibits listed below are filed or furnished as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Exhibit Number		Description
31		Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	VOC ENERGY TRUST

	By:	The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee

	By:	/s/ ELAINA C. RODGERS
		Elaina C. Rodgers
		Vice President

Date: November 10, 2025

The Registrant, VOC Energy Trust, has no principal executive officer, principal financial officer, board of directors or persons performing similar functions. Accordingly, no additional signatures are available and none have been provided. In signing the report above, the Trustee does not imply that it has performed any such function or that such function exists pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement under which it serves.

VOC Energy Trust 10-Q