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1 min

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026

◻  Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 0-24649

REPUBLIC BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Kentucky		61-0862051
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

601 West Market Street, Louisville, Kentucky		40202
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (502) 584-3600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common	RBCAA	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ⌧ Yes ◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ⌧ Yes ◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ⌧	Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ◻
Emerging growth company ◻

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ◻ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, as of April 30, 2026 was 17,480,988 and 2,136,742.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements.	4

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	55

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.	98

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	98

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	98

Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	98

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	98

Item 5.	Other Information.	99

Item 6.	Exhibits.	99

	SIGNATURES	100

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

The terms identified in alphabetical order below are used throughout this Form 10-Q. You may find it helpful to refer to this page as you read this report.


Term		Definition

2025 Tax Season		December 2024 through February 2025
2026 Tax Season		December 2025 through February 2026
ACH		Automated Clearing House
ACLC		Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
ACLL		Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
AFS		Available-for-Sale
AI		Artificial Intelligence
AOCI		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
ARM		Adjustable Rate Mortgage
ASC		Accounting Standards Codification
ASU		Accounting Standards Update
ATM/ITM		Automated Teller Machine / Interactive Teller Machine
Basic EPS		Basic earnings per Class A Common Share
Board		Board of Directors
BOLI		Bank Owned Life Insurance
C&LD		Construction & Land Development
C&I		Commercial & Industrial
CCAD		Commercial Credit Administration Department
CDI		Core Deposit Intangible
CECL		Current Expected Credit Losses
CEO		Chief Executive Officer
CFO		Chief Financial Officer
CMO		Collateralized Mortgage Obligation
CODM		Chief Operating Decision Maker
Core Bank		The Traditional Banking and Warehouse Lending reportable segments of the Company
CRA		Community Reinvestment Act
CRE		Commercial Real Estate
DDA		Demand Deposit Account
Diluted EPS		Diluted earnings per Class A Common Share
DTA		Deferred Tax Asset
EPS		Earnings Per Share
ERA		Early Season Refund Advance
ESPP		Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Exchange Act		Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FDIC		Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FFTR		Federal Funds Target Rate
FHC		Financial Holding Company
FHLB		Federal Home Loan Bank
FHLMC		Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
FNMA		Federal National Mortgage Association
FOMC		Federal Open Market Committee
FRB		Federal Reserve Bank
FTP		Funds Transfer Pricing
GAAP		Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States
HELOC		Home Equity Line of Credit
HFS		Held for Sale
HTM		Held-to-Maturity
LOC		Line of Credit
LOC I		RCS product introduced in 2014 for which the Bank participates out a 90% interest and holds a 10% interest
LOC II		RCS product introduced in 2021 for which the Bank participates out a 95% interest and holds a 5% interest
LTV		Loan to value
MBS		Mortgage Backed Security
MSR		Mortgage Servicing Right
NA		Not Applicable
NIM		Net Interest Margin
NM		Not Meaningful
OBS		Off-Balance Sheet
OCI		Other Comprehensive Income
OREO		Other Real Estate Owned
POS		Point of sale
PCD		Purchased Credit Deteriorated
Prime		The Wall Street Journal Prime Interest Rate
Provision		Provision for Expected Credit Loss Expense
RA		Refund Advance
RBF		Republic Bank Finance
RB&T / the Bank		Republic Bank & Trust Company
RCS		Republic Credit Solutions segment
Republic / the Company		Republic Bancorp, Inc.
RPG		Republic Processing Group segment
RPS		Republic Payment Solutions segment
RRE		Residential Real Estate
RT		Refund Transfer
SBA		U.S. Small Business Administration
SEC		Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR		Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SSUAR		Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Tax Provider		Third-party tax preparers located throughout the U.S., as well as tax-preparation software providers that offer Republic Bank ERAs, RAs, and RTs
TBA		To Be Announced
TRS		Tax Refund Solutions segment
TRUP		Trust Preferred Security Investment
Warehouse		Warehouse Lending segment

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) (in thousands, except share data)


		March 31,			December 31,
		2026			2025
ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents		$	599,105		$	219,972
Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $888,314 in 2026 and $887,884 in 2025)			880,921			884,693
Held-to-maturity debt securities (fair value of $4,775 in 2026 and $4,929 in 2025)			4,775			4,944
Equity securities with a readily determinable fair value			945			945
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value			12,953			7,516
Consumer loans held for sale, at fair value			9,430			10,968
Consumer loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value			19,399			17,027
Other loans held for sale, at the lower of cost or fair value			—			81,839
Loans			5,366,973			5,446,329
Allowance for credit losses			(91,840)			(85,352)
Loans, net			5,275,133			5,360,977
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost			27,014			32,114
Premises and equipment, net			40,843			35,986
Right-of-use assets			30,443			31,330
Goodwill			40,516			40,516
Other real estate owned			896			1,277
Bank owned life insurance			111,272			110,721
Other assets and accrued interest receivable			199,634			201,236

TOTAL ASSETS		$	7,253,279		$	7,042,061

LIABILITIES

Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing		$	1,275,427		$	1,173,461
Interest-bearing			4,233,693			4,029,686
Total deposits			5,509,120			5,203,147

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings			81,337			88,504
Operating lease liabilities			31,492			32,370
Federal Home Loan Bank advances			366,500			506,000
Other liabilities and accrued interest payable			131,443			109,747

Total liabilities			6,119,892			5,939,768

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Footnote 8)			—			—

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock, no par value			—			—
Class A Common Stock, no par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized, 17,467,057 shares (2026) and 17,393,095 shares (2025) issued and outstanding; Class B Common Stock, no par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 2,148,269 shares (2026) and 2,148,269 shares (2025) issued and outstanding			4,606			4,601
Additional paid in capital			159,457			156,695
Retained earnings			976,258			945,399
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(6,934)			(4,402)

Total stockholders’ equity			1,133,387			1,102,293

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		$	7,253,279		$	7,042,061

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2026		2025
INTEREST INCOME:

Loans, including fees	$	101,211	$	118,857
Taxable investment securities		8,889		4,557
Federal Home Loan Bank stock and other		3,687		6,424
Total interest income		113,787		129,838

INTEREST EXPENSE:

Deposits		18,832		21,378
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings		89		137
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		4,414		5,635
Total interest expense		23,335		27,150

NET INTEREST INCOME		90,452		102,688

Provision for expected credit loss expense on loans		9,780		17,672

NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION		80,672		85,016

NONINTEREST INCOME:

Service charges on deposit accounts		3,883		3,460
Net refund transfer fees		9,525		13,893
Mortgage banking income		1,825		1,821
Interchange fee income		2,873		3,077
Program fees		4,549		3,822
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance		930		793
Net losses on other real estate owned		(50)		(53)
Gain on sale of Republic Bank Finance ("RBF") loans/leases		5,845		—
Gain on sale of Visa Class B-1 shares		—		4,090
Other		579		2,251
Total noninterest income		29,959		33,154

NONINTEREST EXPENSE:

Salaries and employee benefits		32,117		31,069
Technology, equipment, and communication		7,946		8,643
Occupancy		3,648		3,564
Marketing and development		1,778		1,387
FDIC insurance expense		832		819
Interchange related expense		1,401		1,636
Legal and professional fees		450		1,118
Core conversion and related contract consulting fees		—		5,714
FHLB advances early termination penalties		2,316		—
Other		4,758		4,258
Total noninterest expense		55,246		58,208

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE		55,385		59,962
INCOME TAX EXPENSE		12,816		12,694
NET INCOME	$	42,569	$	47,268

BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Class A Common Stock	$	2.18	$	2.43
Class B Common Stock		1.98		2.21

DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Class A Common Stock	$	2.18	$	2.42
Class B Common Stock		1.98		2.20

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2026		2025

Net income	$	42,569	$	47,268

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Change in fair value of derivatives		699		(1,440)
Reclassification amount for net derivative (gains) losses realized in income		120		(46)
Unrealized gain (loss) on AFS debt securities		(4,202)		4,917
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax		(3,383)		3,431
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income		851		(858)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(2,532)		2,573

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	40,037	$	49,841

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

		Common Stock													Accumulated
		Class A		Class B					Additional						Other			Total
		Shares		Shares					Paid In			Retained			Comprehensive			Stockholders’
(in thousands, except per share data)		Outstanding		Outstanding		Amount			Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity

Balance, January 1, 2026		17,393		2,148		$	4,601		$	156,695		$	945,399		$	(4,402)		$	1,102,293

Net income		—		—			—			—			42,569			—			42,569
Net change in AOCI		—		—			—			—			—			(2,532)			(2,532)
Dividends declared on Common Stock:
Class A Shares ($0.495 per share)		—		—			—			—			(8,603)			—			(8,603)
Class B Shares ($0.450 per share)		—		—			—			—			(967)			—			(967)
Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld		26		—			5			1,732			(2,102)			—			(365)
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock		—		—			—			2			—			—			2
Deferred compensation - Class A Common Stock:
Directors		—		—			—			146			—			—			146
Designated key employees		27		—			—			202			—			—			202
Employee stock purchase plan - Class A Common Stock		2		—			—			159			—			—			159
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:
Performance stock units, net of shares tendered back		—		—			—			39			—			—			39
Restricted stock, net of shares tendered back		19		—			—			355			(38)			—			317
Stock options		—		—			—			127			—			—			127

Balance, March 31, 2026		17,467		2,148		$	4,606		$	159,457		$	976,258		$	(6,934)		$	1,133,387


		Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

		Common Stock													Accumulated
		Class A		Class B					Additional						Other			Total
		Shares		Shares					Paid In			Retained			Comprehensive			Stockholders’
(in thousands, except per share data)		Outstanding		Outstanding		Amount			Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity

Balance, January 1, 2025		17,298		2,150		$	4,587		$	148,053		$	853,627		$	(14,238)		$	992,029

Net income		—		—			—			—			47,268			—			47,268
Net change in AOCI		—		—			—			—			—			2,573			2,573
Dividends declared on Common Stock:
Class A Shares ($0.451 per share)		—		—			—			—			(7,799)			—			(7,799)
Class B Shares ($0.410 per share)		—		—			—			—			(882)			—			(882)
Stock options exercised, net of shares withheld		36		—			8			2,671			(2,304)			—			375
Net change in notes receivable on Class A Common Stock		—		—			—			(48)			—			—			(48)
Deferred compensation - Class A Common Stock:
Directors		—		—			—			143			—			—			143
Designated key employees		18		—			(1)			269			(179)			—			89
Employee stock purchase plan - Class A Common Stock		3		—			1			176			—			—			177
Stock-based awards - Class A Common Stock:		—					—
Performance stock units, net of shares tendered back		—		—			—			36			—			—			36
Restricted stock, net of shares tendered back		13		—			(1)			17			(44)			—			(28)
Stock options		—		—			—			156			—			—			156

Balance, March 31, 2025		17,368		2,150		$	4,594		$	151,473		$	889,687		$	(11,665)		$	1,034,089

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

^{CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS}^(UNAUDITED)

^{(in thousands)}


		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
		2026			2025
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Net income		$	42,569		$	47,268
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net amortization on investment securities and low-income housing investments			2,921			2,222
Net accretion and amortization on loans and deposits			(1,133)			(679)
Unrealized and realized gains on equity securities with a readily determinable fair value			—			(31)
Depreciation of premises and equipment			1,741			1,942
Amortization of mortgage servicing rights			495			415
Provision for on-balance sheet exposures			9,780			17,672
Provision for off-balance sheet exposures			80			20
Net gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale			(1,489)			(1,411)
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale			(47,990)			(41,233)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale			44,042			41,816
Net gain on sale of consumer loans held for sale			(3,773)			(3,055)
Origination of consumer loans held for sale			(291,165)			(266,651)
Proceeds from sale of consumer loans held for sale			294,104			266,633
Net gain on sale of other loans held for sale			(5,845)			—
Net gain realized on sale of other real estate owned			(3)			—
Writedowns of other real estate owned			53			53
Deferred compensation expense - Class A Common Stock			348			232
Stock-based awards and ESPP expense - Class A Common Stock			507			190
Amortization of right-of-use assets			1,653			1,519
Repayment of operating lease liabilities			(1,644)			(1,489)
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI			(930)			(793)
Gain from death benefits in excess of cash surrender value of BOLI			(185)			—
Gain on sale of Visa Class B-1 shares			—			(4,090)
Net change in other assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable			1,030			(1,124)
Accrued interest payable			970			(527)
Other assets			(1,641)			(4,867)
Other liabilities			28,511			35,067
Net cash provided by operating activities			73,006			89,099

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities			(147,712)			(134,584)
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of equity and available-for-sale debt securities			147,282			114,411
Proceeds from calls, maturities and paydowns of held-to-maturity debt securities			169			5,166
Net change in outstanding warehouse lines of credit			124,242			(18,742)
Net change in other loans, net of allowance			(46,940)			160,838
Net redemptions (purchases) of Federal Home Loan Bank stock			5,100			(2,270)
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned			331			—
Proceeds from sale of RBF loans and leases transferred to held for sale			87,684			—
Proceeds from sale of Visa Class B-1 shares			—			4,090
Proceeds of principal and earnings from BOLI			564			—
Investments in low-income housing tax partnerships			(10,062)			(4,977)
Net purchases of premises and equipment			(4,915)			(1,629)
Net cash provided by investing activities			155,743			122,303

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net change in deposits			305,973			195,346
Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings			(7,167)			(13,600)
Payments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances			(570,000)			(428,000)
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances			430,500			403,000
Net proceeds from Class A Common Stock purchased through employee stock purchase plan			135			151
Net proceeds from option exercises and equity awards vested - Class A Common Stock			(365)			375
Cash dividends paid			(8,692)			(7,805)
Net cash provided by financing activities			150,384			149,467

NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS			379,133			360,869
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD			219,972			432,151
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD		$	599,105		$	793,020
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASHFLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest		$	22,365		$	27,677
Income taxes			508			392
SUPPLEMENTAL NONCASH DISCLOSURES:
Mortgage servicing rights capitalized		$	377		$	316
Net transfers from loans held for investment to loans held for sale			—			4,977
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities			766			1,194
Premises and equipment obtained through the use of vendor credits			1,683			—

See accompanying footnotes to consolidated financial statements.

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FOOTNOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2026 and 2025 AND DECEMBER 31, 2025 (UNAUDITED)

1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation — The consolidated financial statements included in this report include the accounts of Republic Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Republic Bank & Trust Company. As used in this report, the terms “Republic,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Republic Bancorp, Inc. and, where the context requires, Republic Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary. The term the “Bank” refers to the Company’s subsidiary bank, Republic Bank & Trust Company, as well as its wholly owned subsidiary, RBT Insurance Agency LLC. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Republic is an FHC headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, which is the most populous city in Kentucky. The Bank is a Kentucky-based, state-chartered non-member financial institution that provides both traditional and non-traditional banking products and services through five reportable segments using a multitude of delivery channels. While the Bank operates primarily in its geographical market footprint where it has physical locations, its non-brick-and-mortar delivery channels allow it to reach clients across the U.S.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2026. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in Republic’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Certain amounts presented in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported prior periods’ net income or shareholders’ equity.

The Company’s Executive Chair/CEO serves as the Company’s CODM. Net income before income tax expense is the reportable measure of segment profit or loss that the CODM regularly reviews and utilizes to allocate resources and evaluate performance.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company was divided into five reportable segments: (I) Traditional Banking, (II) Warehouse Lending, (III) TRS, (IV) RPS, and (V) RCS. Management considers the first two segments to collectively constitute “Core Bank” or “Core Banking” operations, while the last three segments collectively constitute RPG operations. See additional discussion regarding segment information under the Footnote titled “Segment Information” in this section of the report.

Core Banking Operations

The Core Bank consists of the Traditional Banking and Warehouse Lending segments.

(I)	Traditional Banking segment

The Traditional Banking segment provides traditional banking products and services primarily to customers in the Company’s market footprint with all products and services generally offered under the Company’s traditional RB&T brand. As of March 31, 2026, Republic had 47 full-service banking centers with locations as follows:

●

Kentucky — 29

●

Metropolitan Louisville — 19

●

Central Kentucky — 6

●

Georgetown — 1

●

Lexington — 5

●

Northern Kentucky (Metropolitan Cincinnati) — 4

●Bellevue— 1

●

Covington — 1

●

Crestview Hills — 1

●

Florence — 1

●

Indiana — 3

●

Southern Indiana (Metropolitan Louisville) — 3

●

Floyds Knobs — 1

Table of Contents

●

Jeffersonville — 1

●

New Albany — 1

●

Florida — 7

●

Metropolitan Tampa — 7

●

Ohio — 4

●

Metropolitan Cincinnati — 4

●

Tennessee — 4

●

Metropolitan Nashville — 4

Traditional Banking results of operations are primarily dependent upon net interest income, which represents the difference between the interest income and fees on interest-earning assets and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities used to fund those assets. Principal interest-earning Traditional Banking assets represent investment securities and commercial and consumer loans primarily secured by real estate and/or personal property. Interest-bearing liabilities primarily consist of interest-bearing deposit accounts, SSUAR, and short-term and long-term borrowing sources. FHLB advances have traditionally served as a significant borrowing and liquidity source for the Bank. Net interest income is impacted by both changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as market interest rates.

Other sources of Traditional Banking income include service charges on consumer and commercial deposit accounts, mortgage banking income, debit and credit card interchange fee income, title insurance commissions, swap fee income and increases in the cash surrender value of BOLI.

Traditional Banking operating expenses consist primarily of salaries and employee benefits; technology, equipment, and communication; occupancy; interchange related expense; marketing and development; FDIC insurance expense; and various other general and administrative costs. Traditional Banking results of operations are significantly impacted by general economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, government laws and policies, and actions of regulatory agencies.

(II)	Warehouse Lending segment

The Core Bank provides short-term, revolving credit facilities to mortgage bankers across the U.S. through mortgage warehouse lines of credit. These credit facilities are primarily secured by single-family, first-lien RRE loans. The credit facility enables the mortgage banking clients to close single-family, first-lien RRE loans in their own name and temporarily fund their inventory of these closed loans until the loans are sold to investors approved by the Bank. Individual loans are expected to remain on the warehouse LOC for an average of 15 to 30 days. Advances for reverse mortgage loans and construction loans typically remain on the LOC longer than conventional mortgage loans. Interest income and loan fees are accrued for each individual advance during the time the advance remains on the warehouse LOC and collected when the loan is sold. The Core Bank receives the sale proceeds of each loan directly from the investor and applies the funds to pay off the warehouse advance and related accrued interest and fees. The remaining proceeds are credited to the mortgage banking client.

Republic Processing Group Operations

Republic Processing Group consists of the Tax Refund Solutions, Republic Payment Solutions and Republic Credit Solutions segments.

(III)

Tax Refund Solutions segment

Through the TRS segment, the Bank facilitates the receipt and payment of federal and state tax refund products and offers a credit product through third-party tax preparers across the U.S., as well as through tax-preparation software providers that offer Republic Bank ERAs, RAs and RTs (collectively, the “Tax Providers”). The substantial majority of TRS’s business activity occurs during the first half of each year, while the second half of the year is characterized by limited revenue and costs associated with preparing for the upcoming tax season.

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Refund Advances:

The RA loan product is a loan made in conjunction with the filing of a taxpayer’s federal tax return, which allows the taxpayer to borrow funds as an advance of a portion of their tax refund. The RA product had the following features during the 2025 and 2026 Tax Seasons:

●

Offered only during the first two months of each year;

●

The taxpayer was given the option to choose from multiple loan-amount tiers, subject to underwriting, up to a maximum advance amount of $6,250 for both the 2025 and 2026 Tax Seasons;

●

No requirement that the taxpayer pays for another bank product, such as an RT;

●

Multiple disbursement methods were available through most Tax Providers, including direct deposit, prepaid card, or check, based on the taxpayer-customer’s election;

●

Repayment of the RA to the Bank via deduction from the taxpayer’s tax refund proceeds; and

●

If a tax refund is insufficient to repay the RA:

●

there is no recourse to the taxpayer,

●

no negative credit reporting on the taxpayer, and

●

no collection efforts against the taxpayer.

Early Season Refund Advances:

Since its introduction in December of 2022, the ERA loan product has been structured similarly to the RA, with the primary differences being the timing of when the ERAs are originated and the documentation available to underwrite the ERAs. The ERA is originated prior to the taxpayer receiving their fiscal year taxable income documentation, such as Form W-2, and the filing of the taxpayer’s final federal tax return. As such, the Company generally uses paystub information to underwrite the ERA. The repayment of the ERA is incumbent upon the taxpayer client returning to the Bank’s Tax Provider for the filing of their final federal tax return in order for the tax refund to potentially be received by the Bank from the federal government to pay off the advance. The ERA product had the following features during the 2025 and 2026 Tax Seasons:

●

Only offered during December and the following January in connection with the upcoming first quarter tax business for each period;

●

The taxpayer was given the option to choose from multiple loan-amount tiers, subject to underwriting, up to a maximum advance amount of $2,000 for both the 2025 and 2026 Tax Seasons;

●

No requirement that the taxpayer pays for another bank product, such as an RT;

●

Multiple disbursement methods available through most Tax Providers, including direct deposit or prepaid card, based on the taxpayer-customer’s election;

●

Repayment of the ERA to the Bank via deduction from the taxpayer’s tax refund proceeds; and

●

If a tax refund is insufficient to repay the ERA, including but not limited to the failure to file a final federal tax return through a Republic Tax Provider:

●

there is no recourse to the taxpayer,

●

no negative credit reporting on the taxpayer, and

●

no collection efforts against the taxpayer.

The Company reports fees earned for ERAs/RAs as “Interest income on loans.” The number of days for delinquency eligibility is based on management’s annual analysis of tax return processing times. RAs, including ERAs that were originated related to the first quarter 2025 Tax Season were repaid, on average, within 32 days after the taxpayer’s tax return was submitted to the applicable taxing authority. Since ERAs/RAs do not have a contractual due date, the Company considered the advance delinquent during 2026 if it remained unpaid 35 days after the taxpayer’s tax return was submitted to the applicable taxing authority.

Provisions on ERAs/RAs are estimated when advances are made. Unpaid ERAs/RAs, related to the first quarter tax filing season of a given year are considered delinquent at June 30th of that year and charged-off. In addition, RAs that are subject to Tax Provider loan loss guarantees are charged-off and immediately recorded as recoveries of previously charged-off loans with corresponding receivables recorded in other assets for the Tax Provider guarantees. Corresponding receivables are settled during the third quarter of each year. RAs collected during the second half of each year, not subject to loan loss guarantee arrangements, are recorded as recoveries of previously charged-off loans.

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Refund Transfers:

RTs are fee-based products whereby a tax refund is issued to the taxpayer after the Bank has received the refund from the federal or state government. There is no credit risk or borrowing cost associated with these products because they are only delivered to the taxpayer upon receipt of the tax refund directly from the governmental paying authority. Fees earned by the Company on RTs, net of revenue share, are reported as noninterest income under the line item “Net refund transfer fees.”

(IV)Republic Payment Solutions segment

The RPS segment offers a range of payment-related products and services to consumers through third-party service providers. Through the Bank, the RPS segment offers both issuing solutions and money movement capabilities.

Issuing Solutions:

The RPS segment offers prepaid and debit solutions primarily marketed to the consumer industry. Prepaid solutions include the issuing of payroll and general purpose reloadable cards. Characteristics of these cards include the following:

●

Similar to a traditional debit card with features including traditional POS purchasing, ATM/ITM withdrawals and direct deposit;

●

Funds associated with these products are typically held in pooled accounts at the Bank, with the Bank maintaining records of individual balances within these pooled accounts; and

●

Payroll cards facilitate the loading of an employer’s payroll onto a card via direct deposit, with payroll and general purpose reloadable cards generally distributed through retail locations and reloadable through participating retail load networks.

Debit solutions include the issuing of DDAs, savings accounts and/or debit cards. In addition to offering traditional POS purchasing, ATM/ITM withdrawals, and direct deposit options, these accounts may include overdraft protection.

Money Movement Capabilities:

Through RPS, the Bank participates in traditional money movement solutions including ACH transactions, wire transfers, check processing, and the Mastercard Remote Payment and Presentment Service. These capabilities are also complementary products facilitating the movement of money for other RPG divisions.

The Company reports its share of client-related charges and fees for RPS programs as noninterest income under “Program fees.” Additionally, the Company’s portion of interchange revenue generated by prepaid card transactions is reported as noninterest income under “Interchange fee income.” The Company began sharing interest income revenue with its largest prepaid marketer-servicer during 2024, with the interest shared reported as “Interest expense on deposits.” The Company did not share interest income revenue with its largest prepaid marketer-servicer during 2025 and the first three months of 2026, as minimum deposit balance thresholds were not met.

(V)Republic Credit Solutions segment

Through the RCS segment, the Bank offers consumer credit products. In general, the credit products are unsecured, small dollar consumer loans that are dependent on various factors. RCS loans typically earn a higher yield but also have higher credit risk compared to loans originated through the Traditional Banking segment, with a significant portion of RCS clients considered subprime or near-prime borrowers. Ordinary gains or losses on the sale of RCS products are reported as a component of “Program fees.” Through the Bank, RCS uses third-party service providers for certain services such as marketing and loan servicing for RCS’s LOC products, installment loan product and healthcare receivables products.

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LOC Products:

Through the RCS segment, the Bank uses third-party service providers to originate two line-of-credit products (“LOC I” and “LOC II”) offered generally to subprime or near-prime borrowers across multiple states. These service providers, operating under the Bank’s oversight and supervision, perform certain marketing, servicing, technology, and support functions. In addition, a separate third-party provides customer support, servicing, and other operational services on the Bank’s behalf. The Bank is the lender for both products and is marketed as such. The Bank establishes and controls the loan terms and underwriting guidelines and exercises consumer-compliance oversight over each product. The Bank sells participation interests in these products as follows:

●

LOC I – The Bank sells a 90% participation interest in advances made to borrowers, generally three business days after funding the associated advances. Although the Bank retains a 10% participation interest in each advance, it retains 100% ownership of the underlying LOC I account with each borrower. Loan balances HFS through this program are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

●

LOC II – The Bank sells a 95% participation interest in advances made to borrowers, generally three business days after funding the associated advances. Although the Bank retains a 5% participation interest in each advance, it retains 100% ownership of the underlying LOC II account with each borrower. Loan balances HFS through this program are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

Installment Loan Product:

Through the RCS segment, the Bank offers installment loans with terms ranging from 12 to 60 months to borrowers in multiple states. The same third-party service provider for RCS’s LOC II is the third-party provider for the installment loan product. This third-party provider is subject to the Bank’s oversight and supervision and provides the Bank with marketing services and loan servicing for these RCS installment loans. The Bank is the lender for these loans and is marketed as such. Furthermore, the Bank controls the loan terms and underwriting guidelines, and the Bank exercises consumer compliance oversight of this RCS installment loan product. Currently, all loan balances originated under this RCS installment loan program are carried as HFS on the Bank’s balance sheet, with the intent to sell to a third-party, who is an affiliate of the Bank’s third-party service provider, generally within 16 days following the Bank’s origination of the loans. Loans originated under this RCS installment loan program are carried at fair value under a fair-value option, with the portfolio marked to market monthly.

Healthcare Receivables Products:

Through the RCS segment, the Bank originates healthcare receivables products across the U.S. through three different third-party service providers. For two of the programs, the Bank retains 100% of the receivables, with recourse in the event of default. For the remaining program, in some instances the Bank retains 100% of the receivables originated, with recourse in the event of default, and in other instances, the Bank sells 100% of the receivables generally within one month of origination. Loan balances HFS through this program are carried at the lower of cost or fair value.

For the RCS LOC and healthcare receivable products, the Company reports interest income and loan origination fees under “Loans, including fees,” while any net gains or losses on sale and mark-to-market adjustments of RCS loans are reported as noninterest income under “Program fees.” The Company has elected fair value accounting for its RCS installment loan product that it sells after an initial holding period. As a result, interest income on loans, loan origination fees, net gains or losses on sale, and mark-to-market adjustments for the RCS installment loan product are reported as noninterest income under “Program fees.”

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates — To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that require difficult, complex, or subjective judgments, some of which may relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Estimates are susceptible to material changes as a result of changes in facts and circumstances. Facts and circumstances which could affect these judgments include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy and changes in the financial condition of borrowers. The Company’s accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management’s discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. At March 31, 2026, the accounting policy considered the most critical in preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements is the determination of the ACLL.

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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

There were no ASUs adopted by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Accounting Standards Update

The following not-yet-effective ASUs are considered relevant to the Company’s financial statements. Generally, if an issued-but-not-yet-effective ASU with an expected immaterial impact to the Company has been disclosed in prior Company filings, that ASU will not be subsequently redisclosed.


			Date Adoption	Adoption	Expected
ASU. No.	Topic	Nature of Update	Required	Method	Financial Impact
2024-03	Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses	This ASU requires public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2027.	Retrospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-01	Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date	This ASU amends the effective date of ASU No. 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2027.	Retrospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-06	Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.	This ASU modernizes and clarifies the threshold for when an entity is required to start capitalizing software costs and is based on when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and (ii) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods.	Prospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-07	Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract	This ASU refines the scope of Topic 815 to clarify which contracts are subject to derivative accounting. The guidance also provides clarification under Topic 606 for share-based payments from a customer in a revenue contract.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods.	Prospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-08	Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans	The ASU expands the population of acquired financial assets accounted for using the gross-up approach. Acquired loans (excluding credit cards) are deemed purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach upon acquisition if criteria established by the new guidance are met. This change aims to enhance comparability, consistency, and better reflect the economics of acquiring financial assets.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods.	Prospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-09	Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements	The ASU enables entities to apply hedge accounting to a greater number of highly effective economic hedges.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods.	Prospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-11	Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements	This ASU does not change the fundamental nature of interim reporting or expand or reduce current interim disclosure requirements. The ASU clarifies that all entities preparing GAAP‑compliant interim financial statements must follow Topic 270. It also creates a complete list of required interim disclosures, adds a principle requiring disclosure of material events occurring after year‑end, and improves guidance on the content and format of interim financial statements.	Interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027.	Prospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

2025-12	Codification Improvements	These amendments in this ASU update the FASB Accounting Standards Codification® for a broad range of Topics arising from technical corrections, unintended application of the Codification, clarifications, and other minor improvements.	Annual reporting periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods.	Prospectively	The Company is currently analyzing the impact of this ASU on its financial statements.

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2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities along with the corresponding amounts of related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in AOCI:


					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			Unrealized			Unrealized		Fair
March 31, 2026 (in thousands)		Cost			Gains			Losses		Value

U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies		$	269,953		$	62		$	(2,470)	$	267,545
Private label mortgage-backed security			—			1,359			—		1,359
Mortgage-backed securities - residential			596,356			1,913			(8,023)		590,246
Collateralized mortgage obligations			17,066			29			(397)		16,698
Corporate bonds			1,001			—			—		1,001
Trust preferred security			3,938			134			—		4,072
Total available-for-sale debt securities		$	888,314		$	3,497		$	(10,890)	$	880,921


					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			Unrealized			Unrealized		Fair
December 31, 2025 (in thousands)		Cost			Gains			Losses		Value

U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies		$	294,940		$	159		$	(1,724)	$	293,375
Private label mortgage-backed security			—			1,439			—		1,439
Mortgage-backed securities - residential			570,491			4,210			(6,792)		567,909
Collateralized mortgage obligations			17,528			27			(648)		16,907
Corporate bonds			1,001			—			—		1,001
Trust preferred security			3,924			138			—		4,062
Total available-for-sale debt securities		$	887,884		$	5,973		$	(9,164)	$	884,693

Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of HTM debt securities along with the corresponding amounts of related gross unrecognized gains and losses:


					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			Unrecognized			Unrecognized			Fair
March 31, 2026 (in thousands)		Cost			Gains			Losses			Value

Mortgage-backed securities - residential		$	13		$	—		$	—		$	13
Collateralized mortgage obligations			4,762			30			(30)			4,762
Total held-to-maturity debt securities		$	4,775		$	30		$	(30)		$	4,775


					Gross			Gross
		Amortized			Unrecognized			Unrecognized			Fair
December 31, 2025 (in thousands)		Cost			Gains			Losses			Value

Mortgage-backed securities - residential		$	13		$	—		$	—		$	13
Collateralized mortgage obligations			4,931			29			(44)			4,916
Total held-to-maturity debt securities		$	4,944		$	29		$	(44)		$	4,929

There were no HTM debt securities on nonaccrual or past due 90 days or more as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025. There were no HTM debt securities considered collateral dependent as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025.

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Sales and Calls of Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, there were no material gains or losses on sales or calls of AFS debt securities.

Debt Securities by Contractual Maturity

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity as of March 31, 2026, follows. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are detailed separately.


		Available-for-Sale						Held-to-Maturity
		Debt Securities						Debt Securities
		Amortized			Fair			Amortized			Fair
March 31, 2026 (in thousands)		Cost			Value			Cost			Value

Due in one year or less		$	105,961		$	104,864		$	—		$	—
Due from one year to five years			164,993			163,682			—			—
Due from five years to ten years			—			—			—			—
Due beyond ten years			3,938			4,072			—			—
Private label mortgage-backed security			—			1,359			—			—
Mortgage-backed securities - residential			596,356			590,246			13			13
Collateralized mortgage obligations			17,066			16,698			4,762			4,762
Total debt securities		$	888,314		$	880,921		$	4,775		$	4,775

Unrealized Loss Analysis on Debt Securities

The following tables summarize AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an ACLS had not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:


		Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
					Unrealized						Unrealized						Unrealized
March 31, 2026 (in thousands)		Fair Value			Losses			Fair Value			Losses			Fair Value			Losses

Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies		$	163,632		$	(1,340)		$	78,862		$	(1,130)		$	242,494		$	(2,470)
Mortgage-backed securities - residential			218,186			(1,459)			80,332			(6,564)			298,518			(8,023)
Collateralized mortgage obligations			598			(2)			13,868			(395)			14,466			(397)
Total available-for-sale debt securities		$	382,416		$	(2,801)		$	173,062		$	(8,089)		$	555,478		$	(10,890)


	Less than 12 months						12 months or more						Total
				Unrealized						Unrealized						Unrealized
December 31, 2025 (in thousands)	Fair Value			Losses			Fair Value			Losses			Fair Value			Losses

Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies	$	84,947		$	(53)		$	78,317		$	(1,671)		$	163,264		$	(1,724)
Mortgage-backed securities - residential		84,131			(149)			86,744			(6,643)			170,875			(6,792)
Collateralized mortgage obligations		—			—			14,242			(648)			14,242			(648)
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	169,078		$	(202)		$	179,303		$	(8,962)		$	348,381		$	(9,164)

As of March 31, 2026, the Bank’s security portfolio consisted of 198 securities, 103 of which were in an unrealized loss position.

As of December 31, 2025, the Bank’s security portfolio consisted of 198 securities, 86 of which were in an unrealized loss position.

As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there were no holdings of debt securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

Accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities is presented as a component of other assets on the Company’s balance sheet and is excluded from the ACLS, if applicable. Accrued interest on AFS debt securities totaled $5 million and $5 million as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities totaled $11,000 as of March 31, 2026, and $12,000 as of December 31, 2025.

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Mortgage-Backed Securities and Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

As of March 31, 2026, with the exception of the $1.4 million private label MBS, all other MBS’s and CMO’s held by the Bank were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, primarily the FHLMC and FNMA. As of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, there were gross unrealized losses of approximately $8 million and $7 million related to AFS MBS’s and CMO’s. Because these unrealized losses are attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and because the Bank does not have the intent to sell these securities, and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, management does not consider these securities to have credit-related impairment that would require a provision adjustment to the ACLS.

Pledged Debt Securities

Debt securities pledged to secure public deposits, SSUAR, and debt securities held for other purposes, as required or permitted by law, were as follows:


		As of
(in thousands)		March 31, 2026			December 31, 2025

Amortized cost		$	143,060		$	168,530
Fair value			141,459			166,757
Carrying amount			141,459			166,757

Equity Securities

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of equity securities with readily determinable fair values:

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Amortized

Unrealized

Fair

March 31, 2026 (in thousands)

Cost

Gains

Losses

Value

Freddie Mac preferred stock

—

945

—

945

 

Gross

 

Gross

 

Amortized

Unrealized

Fair

December 31, 2025 (in thousands)

Cost

Gains

Losses

Value

Freddie Mac preferred stock

—

945

—

945

For equity securities with readily determinable fair values, the gross realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income were as follows:

Gains (Losses) Recognized on Equity Securities

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

 

(in thousands)

 

Realized

 

Unrealized

 

Total

 

Realized

 

Unrealized

 

Total

Freddie Mac preferred stock

—

3.LOANS HELD FOR SALE

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank originates for sale mortgage loans and consumer loans. Mortgage loans originated for sale are primarily originated and sold into the secondary market through the Bank’s Traditional Banking segment, while consumer loans originated for sale are originated and sold through the RCS segment.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

See additional detail regarding mortgage loans originated for sale, at fair value under the Footnote titled “Mortgage Banking Activities” in this section of the report.

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Consumer Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

Through RCS, the Bank offers RCS installment loans with terms ranging from 12 to 60 months to borrowers in multiple states. Balances originated under this RCS installment loan program are carried as HFS on the Bank’s balance sheet, with the intent to sell to a third-party, who is an affiliate of the Bank’s third-party service provider, generally within 16 days following origination. Loans originated under the RCS installment loan program are carried at fair value under a fair-value option, with the portfolio marked to market monthly.

Activity for consumer loans HFS and carried at fair value follows:


		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
(in thousands)		2026			2025

Balance, beginning of period		$	10,968		$	5,443
Origination of consumer loans held for sale			45,548			34,347
Proceeds from the sale of consumer loans held for sale			(48,408)			(32,020)
Net gain on sale of consumer loans held for sale			1,322			832
Balance, end of period		$	9,430		$	8,602

Consumer Loans Held for Sale, at the Lower of Cost or Fair Value

RCS originates for sale 90% or 95% of the balances from its LOC products and 100% for some of its healthcare receivables products. Ordinary gains or losses on the sale of these RCS products are reported as a component of “Program fees.”

During the first quarter of 2025, Management reached an agreement to sell $5 million of consumer credit cards, and as a result, these balances were re-classified from held for investment to HFS as of March 31, 2025 with the sale finalized during the second quarter of 2025.

Activity for consumer loans HFS and carried at the lower of cost or market value was as follows:


		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
(in thousands)		2026			2025

Balance, beginning of period		$	17,027		$	18,632
Origination of consumer loans held for sale			245,617			232,304
Transferred from held for investment to held for sale			—			4,977
Proceeds from the sale of consumer loans held for sale			(245,696)			(234,613)
Net gain on sale of consumer loans held for sale			2,451			2,223
Balance, end of period		$	19,399		$	23,523

Other Loans Held for Sale, at the Lower of Cost or Fair Value

During the fourth quarter of 2025, approximately $82 million of loans and leases were reclassified from held for investment to HFS, as the Bank entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to sell its St. Louis-based RBF operations during December 2025. The transaction closed in February 2026.

Activity for other loans HFS and carried at the lower of cost or market value was as follows:


		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
(in thousands)		2026			2025

Balance, beginning of period		$	81,839		$	—
Transferred from held for investment to held for sale			—			—
Proceeds from the sale of loans held for sale			(87,684)			—
Net gain on sale of loans held for sale			5,845			—
Balance, end of period		$	—		$	—

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4.LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS

The composition of the loan portfolio follows:


(in thousands)		March 31, 2026		December 31, 2025

Traditional Banking:
Residential real estate:

REPUBLIC BANCORP INC /KY/ 10-Q