UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 000-29621

NovAccess Global Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Colorado		84-1384159
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. employer Identification no.)

Address of principal executive offices, including zip code: 459 Columbus Ave, #607, New York, NY 10024

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (213) 642-9268

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, No Par Value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):

Large accelerated Filer ☐ Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-Accelerated Filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☒ Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. The aggregate market value of the 33,790,055 shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $337,901 calculated based on the $0.010 closing price on March 31, 2024

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. There were 61,652,385 shares of common stock outstanding on January 14, 2026.

Table of Contents

Item 1. Business.		1
Overview		1
Recent Events		1
Organization and History		2
Business and Operations		2
Market Drivers for Immunotherapy against Cancer		2
What We Do		2
Customers		3
Competition		3
Intellectual Property		3
Regulation		3
Employees and Consultants		4
Seasonality		4
Item 1A. Risk Factors.		4
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.		15
Item 1C. Cybersecurity.		15
Item 2. Properties.		16
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.		16
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.		16
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.		17
Unregistered Sales of Common Stock		17
Item 6. [Reserved]		17
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.		17
Cautionary and Forward-Looking Statements		17
Organization		17
New Business Plan		17
Results of Operations for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023		18
Revenue and Cost of Sales		18
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses		18
Other Income/(Expenses)		18
Net Loss		18
Liquidity and Capital Resources		19
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements		19
Critical Accounting Estimates		19
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.		19
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.		19
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.		20
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.		20
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures		20
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting		20
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting		20
Item 9B. Other Information.		20
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.		20
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.		21
Board of Directors and Executive Officers		21
Board Committees		22
Advisory Board		22
Code of Ethics		23
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies		23
Item 11. Executive Compensation.		24
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.		24
Equity Compensation Plan Information		26
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.		26
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.		26
Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.		27
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.		29

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Part I

Item 1. Business.

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we use the terms “Company,” “NovAccess,” “we,” “us,” and “our” to refer to NovAccess Global Inc.

Overview

NovAccess Global Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that is developing novel immunotherapies to treat brain tumor patients in the United States with plans to expand globally. We specialize in cutting-edge research related to utilizing a patient’s own immune system to attack the cancer. We are filing an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) and working closely with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to obtain approval for human clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of our drug product for brain cancer patients. We anticipate that it will take roughly twelve to eighteen months to generate the FDA requested data to submit the IND application. Once we have successfully completed the clinical trials and proven that the new therapy is safe and efficacious, we plan to commercialize the product. We also have expertise in successfully executing clinical trials, bringing products to market and increasing the market size of products through our advisory board. Our scientists are well versed in immunology, stem cell biology, neuroscience, molecular biology, imaging, small molecules development, gene therapy and other technical assays needed for protein and genetic analysis of cancer cells.

In September 2020, we acquired StemVax, LLC (“StemVax”), a biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for brain tumor patients that holds an exclusive patent license from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California (Cedars-Sinai) known as StemVax Glioblast (SVX-GB/TLR-AD1). TLR-AD1 specifically targets glioblastoma, the most common and lethal type of adult brain tumor. Christopher Wheeler, president of StemVax, has been involved in the pre-clinical research and development of the drug candidate at Cedars-Sinai Department of Neurosurgery since 1997. Dr. Wheeler began preparing the pre-IND application to obtain FDA approval to start human clinical trials. In 2021, Dr. Wheeler led pre-IND interactions with the FDA and obtained a recommended roadmap from the FDA to facilitate the filing of an IND application for a Phase I application or a Phase IIa application. We plan to submit an IND application in 2026. In October 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration notified us that the FDA had approved the Company’s application for orphan drug designation for TLR-AD1, a vaccine immunotherapy for the treatment of aggressive brain cancers, including glioblastoma and other high-grade gliomas. The FDA’s Office of Orphan Products Development grants orphan designation status to investigational drugs and therapies addressing rare medical diseases or conditions that affect fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Orphan drug designation provides benefits to drug developers which may include assistance in the drug development process, financial incentives to support clinical development, tax credits for clinical costs, exemptions from certain FDA fees and the potential for seven years of post-approval marketing exclusivity. In May 2024, NovAccess submitted a provisional patent, and in May 2025 a non-provisional patent, for new intellectual property developed at Cedars-Sinai to advance the Company’s immunotherapy platform. The patent pertains to the use of a specific protein, known as IDH1, which is commonly mutated in brain and other tumors. Groundbreaking research published by Dr. Wheeler, has shown that non-mutated IDH1 discerns long-term from short-term survivors after vaccine therapy in patients with brain tumors such as glioblastoma. With the filing, NovAccess effectively doubled its patent portfolio, and intends to support the development of IDH1 to help the Company deliver TLR-AD1 to the patients most likely to benefit from it. The Company will now approach the US Food and Drug Administration to determine how best to co-develop IDH1 and TLR-AD1.

Our website is www.NovAccessGlobal.com.

Recent Events

On December 29, 2023, NovAccess entered into a securities purchase agreement with Sumner Global LLC, an affiliate of Sumner Investment Group Inc. (“Sumner”), pursuant to which Sumner agreed to purchase 33.0 million newly issued shares of our unregistered common stock for $0.11 a share, or $3.63 million in total, and to loan us $7.05 million. Although Sumner agreed to purchase the shares of common stock on or before January 31, 2023, the transaction was subject to a number of contingencies, including Sumner completing its planned capital raise. When the Sumner transaction failed to close as expected, we decided to explore other opportunities.

We have had ongoing discussions with Vital Science Innovations, LLC (“VSI”), a biotech holding company dedicated to advancing innovation in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. On August 21, 2025, one of VSI’s founders, Dr. David Alessi, guaranteed a portion of a $250,000 loan to the Company from AJB Capital Investments LLC.

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Organization and History

NovAccess Global Inc. is a Colorado corporation incorporated on February 25, 1997 as “Sun River Mining, Inc.” In 2003, the Company was renamed “XsunX, Inc.” and entered the solar business, specializing in the sale, design, and installation of solar photovoltaic power generation and energy storage systems. Effective August 25, 2020, we filed articles of amendment to our articles of incorporation with the Colorado Secretary of State to: effectuate a 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock; and change the name of the Company to “NovAccess Global Inc.” After completing the acquisition of StemVax, in September, 2020, we exited the solar business and focused all our efforts on our biopharmaceutical business.

Our website is www.NovAccessGlobal.com. Information appearing on our website is not part of this report.

Business and Operations

Market Drivers for Immunotherapy Against Cancer

Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor (glioma) and has less than a 15-month median survival period after diagnosis. Despite advances in chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there has been no change in survival for glioblastoma patients in over 50 years. As a result, there is significant demand for novel therapies to treat brain tumors. We identify two main drivers to bring immunotherapy to market as quickly as possible: (1) the National Institutes of Health has been promoting the development of novel immunotherapies for cancer for over 10 years; and (2) the biopharmaceutical industry has been promoting the development of novel immunotherapies to treat cancer and bringing novel products to market, including Dendreon’s Provenge drug to treat prostate cancer.

What We Do

NovAccess is a biopharmaceutical company that specializes in the research and development of a new drug to treat brain cancer and other cancers, as well as the development of unique biomarkers to predict cancer immunotherapy success. We perform pre-clinical and clinical trial experiments to bring the drugs and biomarkers to market. We determine if the new drug candidates are safe and effective for human use and to treat brain and other cancers, and whether our biomarkers predict or increase the success of our treatments. We seek to develop a new treatment or a cure for brain cancer patients and make these solutions for these patients a sound investment for our shareholders.

We are developing novel therapies for brain cancer patients in the US and ultimately globally. Our research and development process begins with testing drug and biomarker candidates through molecular and cellular based assays, animal models for diseases, testing for safety and efficacy in animal models, and human clinical trials to bring drug and biomarker candidates to market. Once our products have made it to market, we plan to license their use to bigger pharmaceutical companies to better access the patient populations and provide treatment.

Our dendritic cell-based immunotherapy utilizes a combination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) adjuvants for an enhanced anti-tumor response. The therapy is designed to utilize the patient’s tumor antigens and immune cells, dendritic cells, in combination with TLR adjuvants to initiate an efficient anti-tumor immune response. This process includes obtaining the patient’s tumor cells after surgery, and precursors cells that are matured into dendritic cells from peripheral blood. Antigens from the tumor cells are mixed with the dendritic cells ex-vivo to activate and sensitize them to the patient’s own tumor. Once processed, the activated, sensitized dendritic cells are returned to the patient subcutaneously, where they initiate the most powerful anti-tumor responses in the body. These immune responses can locate and kill glioblastoma tumors, thereby promoting patient survival.

The validity of this approach is supported by multiple preclinical and clinical studies, including our own, that demonstrate both the importance and feasibility of treating these tumors using a dendritic cell vaccine. We are currently preparing an IND application to submit to the FDA in order to obtain authorization to begin human clinical trials to test whether treating glioblastoma in this manner is safe and elicits antitumor immune responses that can ultimately prolong survival. Our primary goal is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic vaccine for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent malignant gliomas including glioblastoma. We will also assess immune response metrics, radiographic response data, and survival endpoints to evaluate whether this therapeutic approach warrants further study and progression through human clinical trials.

We will combine our approach to brain cancer treatment with the use of a specific protein, known as IDH1, which is commonly mutated in brain and other tumors. Specifically, we will incorporate mutated IDH1 within tumor tissue as a patient exclusion criterion, and high levels of non-mutated IDH1 as a patient inclusion/stratification criterion within treatment trials. This will allow the Company to deliver TLR-AD1 to the patients most likely to benefit from it. The Company will approach the US Food and Drug Administration to determine how best to co-develop IDH1 and TLR-AD1.

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If the safety and efficacy of our platform technology TRL-AD1 is established during human trials, we intend to file for FDA consideration of “Breakthrough Therapy Designation” for TLR-AD1 and/or similarly expedited approval programs. A successful application for Breakthrough Designation or an equivalent program could significantly accelerate our trial timelines and enhance the probability of TLR-AD1’s approval. While we will continue to align our trials to FDA regulations and expectations, we will monitor regulatory agencies outside of the United States, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA), for government-sponsored opportunities that may advance the development and approval of a safe and efficacious TLR-AD1. Our ultimate goal is to bring this novel immunotherapy to market globally and address an unmet need for brain tumor patients. Additional technologies that promise to further increase efficacy of the TLR-AD1 platform and other cancer immunotherapies are also in pre-clinical development.

We currently do not generate revenue. In order to finance our operations, including clinical trials development and execution, we intend to raise capital through financial institutions that invest in cancer therapeutics, including VSI. As we achieve milestones during the process of R&D, we expect our overall value to increase. We intend to commercialize our products immediately after successful completion of clinical trials. We plan to license our products to larger biopharmaceutical companies to deliver our product to as many patients as possible once we have obtained the required FDA approvals. We expect to have other treatment candidates outside of our lead candidate moving forward as we build our patent portfolio of other therapeutics to improve patient outcomes and overall quality of health.

The key elements of our approach include:

●

Lead Drug and Biomarker Candidate. We perform pre-clinical R&D to test hypotheses to determine if a lead product is safe and efficacious to treat or predict treatment success in cancer patients. These experiments include, molecular testing, cell culture testing and animal testing.

●

Publish Data. When appropriate we publish our findings and pursue patents protection for all drug candidates to proceed with human clinical trial testing

●

Human Clinical Trial Testing. At the appropriate time we will seek FDA approval to begin clinical trials on our drug and biomarker candidates. We submit IND applications to the FDA to obtain this approval.

●

Commercialization. After successfully completing human clinical trials and demonstrating safety and efficacy of a drug and/or biomarker candidate, we will commercialize the product(s).

Customers

At this stage, we do not generate revenue but once we commercialize our products our customers are expected to be cancer patients and/or larger biopharmaceutical companies that we license our products through in order to complete human clinical trial testing and/or to commercialize our products. Because there is currently no immunotherapy to treat brain tumors on the market and survival rates for glioblastoma patients have not improved through standard operational procedures, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, we anticipate a significant market for our products.

Competition

We compete with other R&D biopharmaceutical companies developing novel immunotherapies to treat brain cancer or predict treatment success. Currently, there are no FDA approved immunotherapies available to glioblastoma patients in the market. We have platform technologies as our lead drug and biomarker candidates. Once we have commercialized the lead products after proving their safety and efficacy from our human clinical trial testing, we will seek approval to utilize our platform technology to treat other brain cancers, including childhood brain cancer and other cancers in general.

Intellectual Property

In September and June of 2017, Cedars-Sinai was issued patents, “Use of toll-like receptor ligands as adjuvants to vaccination therapy for brain tumors,” Patent numbers: 9764014 and 8728465. In 2018, StemVax obtained an exclusive license for these patents from Cedars-Sinai. The license term is for the full life of the patents on a country-by-country basis.

In May 2024, NovAccess submitted a provisional patent, and in May 2025 a non-provisional patent, for new intellectual property developed at Cedars-Sinai to advance the Company’s immunotherapy platform. The patent pertains to the use of a specific protein, IDH1, which is commonly mutated in brain and other tumors. Pre-clinical and clinical research published by Dr. Wheeler, has shown that mutated IDH1 in the tumor predicts poor response to dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy treatment for brain cancer, while high expression of non-mutated IDH1 in tumor tissue discerns long-term from short-term survivors in patients with brain tumors such as glioblastoma. With the filing, NovAccess effectively doubled its patent portfolio, and intends to use analysis of IDH1 in tumors to promote the delivery of TLR-AD1 to only the patients most likely to benefit from it. The Company plans to approach the US Food and Drug Administration to determine how best to co-develop IDH1 and TLR-AD1.

Regulation

Our business is subject to extensive regulation by the FDA governing the development, testing, marketing and sale of our biopharmaceuticals. However, compliance with environmental laws is not a significant cost for the Company.

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Employees and Consultants

Dr. Dwain Irvin is our chief executive and financial office, and Dr. Christopher Wheeler is president of StemVax. We also rely on qualified consultants to perform specific functions that otherwise would require an employee. As we expand our business developments efforts, we plan to add staff and executive officers to respond to and assist with operations. We consider relations with our full and part-time employees and consultants to be good. To conserve cash, we have relied on equity grants to attract and retain key personnel and service providers.

Seasonality

Research and development in medicine has no seasonality to its operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

We currently have no revenues or products approved for sale and have limited staff and assets. In addition, we are in default under multiple loans and have been sued to collect some of these obligations. We are delinquent with our SEC filings, and our stock is only eligible to trade on the OTC for unsolicited orders. As a result of these and other factors, an investment in NovAccess is inherently speculative and risky.

The new administration under President Trump has recently significantly reduced cancer funding through the NIH, disrupted the leadership and focus of the FDA and this can bring significant ambiguity to the future development of new cancer drugs and therapeutics and our ability to bring our assets to market.

Risks Related to our Business and Operations

We do not have the funds needed to continue operations or repay our past due debt.

We have been forced to suspend operations due to a lack of funds. We have outstanding debt of approximately $2.3 million, much of which is in default and past due, and we do not have the funds to repay our debt. Although we have obtained extensions for the repayment of most of our obligations to November 1, 2025, if the pending financing transaction with VSI does not close before then, we will be unable to make the required payments and will be in default of most of our loans. Many of these loans are convertible into shares of our common stock at a discount to the market price, which could cause significant dilution.

We will need to raise substantial funds, on an ongoing basis, for general corporate purposes and operations, including our clinical trials.

We will need substantial additional funding, on an ongoing basis, to continue execution of our clinical trials, to move our product candidates towards commercialization, to continue prosecution and maintenance of our patent portfolio, to continue development and optimization of our manufacturing and distribution arrangements, and for other corporate purposes. Any financing, if available, may include restrictive covenants and provisions that could limit our ability to take certain actions, preference provisions for the investors, and/or discounts, warrants, anti-dilution rights, the provision of collateral, or other incentives. Any financing will involve issuance of equity and/or debt, and these issuances will be dilutive to existing shareholders. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete any financing or that the terms will be acceptable. If we are unable to obtain additional funds on a timely basis or on acceptable terms, we may be required to curtail or cease some or all of our operations at any time.

TLR-AD1and IDH1 are our only assets in clinical development

Unlike many pharmaceutical companies that have several products in development, and which utilize many different technologies, we are currently dependent on the success of our TLR-AD1 platform technology and biomarkers of immunotherapy failure/success. While the TLR-AD1 technology has a wide scope of potential use and is embodied in several different product lines for different clinical situations, if the core TLR-AD1 technology is not effective or is toxic or is not commercially viable, our business could fail. Other technologies that could potentially provide alternative support for us are in pre-clinical development. Despite initially favorable clinical data on IDH1 as a biomarker of immunotherapy success, if we fail to generate a clinically useful anti-IDH1 antibody or other means to quantify it within tumors, or if its use fails to significantly predict glioblastoma clinical outcomes after TLR-AD1 administration to larger groups of patients prospectively, our trials could require many more patients, rendering them more costly without guaranteed efficacy. This could ultimately promote failure of our business as well.

We are likely to continue to incur substantial losses and may never achieve profitability.

We have a history of losses, and if we are not successful in commercializing our products, we may never achieve or sustain profitability.

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Our auditors have issued a “going concern” audit opinion.

Management has determined and our independent auditors have indicated in their report on our September 30, 2024, financial statements that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. A “going concern” opinion indicates that the financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if we do not continue as a going concern. Therefore, you should not rely on our consolidated balance sheet as an indication of the amount of proceeds that would be available to satisfy claims of creditors, and potentially be available for distribution to shareholders, in the event of liquidation.

Our management and our independent auditors have previously identified certain internal control deficiencies which were considered by our management and our independent auditor to be material weaknesses.

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2022, our management and our independent auditor identified a certain internal control deficiency that, in the aggregate, represented material weaknesses. This was remediated in the year ended September 30, 2023. Although we did not identify any material weaknesses as of September 30, 2023. if we do not successfully maintain a strong controlled environment this could lead to heightened risk for financial reporting mistakes and irregularities, and/or lead to a loss of public confidence in our internal controls that could have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock.

As a company with a novel technology and unproven business strategy, an evaluation of our business and prospects is difficult.

We are still in the process of developing our product candidates through clinical trials and pre-clinical development. Our platform technology is novel and involves mobilizing the immune system to fight a patient’s cancer. Immune therapies have been pursued by many parties for decades and have experienced many failures. In addition, our technology involves personalized treatment products, a new approach to medical products that involves new product economics and business strategies, which have not yet been shown to be commercially feasible or successful. We have not yet gone through the scale-up of our operations to commercial scale. The novelty of our technology, product economics, and business strategy, and the limited scale of our operations to date, makes it difficult to assess our prospects for generating revenues commercially in the future. While the use of mutant and non-mutated IDH1 as biomarkers of immunotherapy failure and success, respectively, fit better into conventional diagnostics business models, the lack of proprietary materials, discrete commercialization plans, and limited information on expansion to applications beyond glioblastoma also makes evaluation of their contribution to our business prospects difficult.

We will need to expand our management and technical personnel as our operations progress, and we may not be able to recruit such additional personnel and/or retain existing personnel.

As of September 30, 2024, we had only one full-time employee, our CEO. Other personnel are retained on a consulting or contractor basis. We are a small company with limited resources, our business prospects are uncertain, and our stock price is volatile. For some or all of such reasons, we may not be able to recruit all the management, technical and other personnel we need, and/or we may not be able to retain our existing personnel. In that event, we may have to continue our operations with a small team of personnel, and our business and financial results may suffer.

We will rely on third-party contract manufacturers and may be at risk for issues with manufacturing agreements, capacity limitations, supply disruptions, or issues with product equivalency.

We will rely upon specialized contract manufacturers, operating in specialized GMP (clean room) manufacturing facilities, to produce our vaccine products. We will need to enter into new contractual agreements for manufacturing our vaccine, and may encounter difficulties obtaining these agreements, or the terms of such agreements may not be favorable. In addition, after these contracts are in place, the third-party contractors may have capacity limitations and/or supply disruptions, and as a client we may not be able to prevent such limitations or disruptions and not be able to control or mitigate the impact on our programs. To mitigate manufacturing risks, we previously engaged a well-established global clinical manufacturing organization (CMO) experienced in both dendritic cell immunotherapy manufacturing and historic collaborations on TLR-AD1 precursor therapies at Cedars-Sinai. This, however, does not eliminate potential manufacturing risks, as outlined below. Similarly, for IDH1, we are in the very early stages of engagement with a prominent CLIA laboratory with substantial experience in tissue analysis for diagnostic use, but this does not completely eliminate potential diagnostic materials manufacturing, scale up, prioritization, and implementation risks as outlined below.

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Problems with the manufacturing facilities, processes or operations of our contract manufacturer(s) could result in a failure to produce, or a delay in producing adequate supplies of our immunotherapy products. A number of factors could cause interruptions or delays, including the inability of a supplier to provide raw materials, equipment malfunctions or failures, damage to a facility due to natural disasters or otherwise, changes in FDA regulatory requirements or standards that require modifications to our manufacturing processes, action by the FDA or by us that results in the halting or slowdown of production of components or finished products due to regulatory issues, our manufacturers going out of business or failing to produce product as contractually required, insufficient technical personnel and/or specialized facilities to produce sufficient products, and/or other factors. A number of factors could also cause possible issues about the equivalency of immunotherapy or biomarker products produced in different facilities or locations, which could make it necessary for us to perform additional studies and incur additional costs and delays. Because manufacturing processes for our immunotherapy is highly complex, require specialized facilities (dedicated exclusively immunotherapy production) and personnel that are not widely available in the industry, involve equipment and training with long lead times, and are subject to lengthy regulatory approval processes, alternative qualified production capacity may not be available on a timely basis or at all. Difficulties, delays or interruptions in the manufacturing and supply and delivery of our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 biomarker product candidates could require us to stop enrolling new patients into clinical trials, and/or require us to stop the trials or other programs, stop the treatment of patients in the trials or other programs, increase our costs, damage our reputation and, if our product candidates are approved for sale, cause us to lose revenue or market share if our manufacturers are unable to timely meet market demands.

The manufacturing of our product candidates will have to be greatly scaled up for commercialization, and we do not have this type of experience.

As is the case with any clinical trial, our Phase II clinical trial of TLR-AD1 for glioblastoma involves a number of patients that is a small fraction of the number of potential patients for whom TLR-AD1 may be applicable in the commercial market. The same will be true of our other clinical programs with TLR-AD1, other TLR-AD1 product candidates, or IDH1 products and candidates. If our TLR-AD1, other TLR-AD1, and IDH1 product candidates are approved for commercial sale, it will be necessary to greatly scale up the volume of manufacturing, far above the level needed for clinical trials. We do not have experience with this kind of scale-up. In addition, for TLR-AD1 there are likely only a few consultants or advisors in the industry who have such experience and can provide guidance or assistance, because active immune therapies such as TLR-AD1 are a fundamentally new category of product in two major ways: these active immune therapy products consist of living cells, not chemical or biologic compounds, and the products are personalized. To our knowledge, very few of these products have successfully completed the necessary scale-up for commercialization. For example, Dendreon Corporation encountered substantial difficulties trying to scale up the manufacturing of its Provenge® product for commercialization. To our knowledge, even the CAR-T products which are being commercialized have so far only scaled up to moderate product volumes. Although the nature of IDH1 biomarker products renders them subject to fewer scale up challenges, we will be reliant on third-party engagement for their scale up as well.

The necessary specialized facilities, equipment and personnel may not be available or obtainable for the scale-up of manufacturing of our product candidates.

The manufacture of living cells requires specialized facilities, equipment and personnel which are entirely different than what is required for the manufacturing of chemical or biologic compounds. Scaling up the manufacturing of living cell products to volume levels required for commercialization will require enormous amounts of these specialized facilities, equipment and personnel, especially where, as in the case of our TLR-AD1 product candidates, the product is personalized and must be made for each patient individually. Since living cell products are so new, and have barely begun to reach commercialization, the supply of the specialized facilities and personnel needed for them is not widely available and therefore is in the process of being developed. However, there has been a sharp increase in the demand for these specialized facilities and personnel, as large numbers of companies seek to develop T cell and other immune cell products. Similarly, although manufacture of biologics for tissue analysis is more straight forward and tested, it still requires specialized facilities, equipment and personnel. It may not be possible for us or our manufacturers to obtain all of the specialized facilities and personnel needed for commercialization of our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 product candidates, or even for further sizeable trials. This could delay or halt our commercialization and/or further substantial trials.

Our technology is novel, involves complex immune system elements, and may not prove to be effective.

Data already obtained, or in the future obtained, from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials do not necessarily predict the results that will be obtained from later pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Over the course of several decades, there have been many different immune therapy and immune analysis product designs and many product failures and company failures. While at least 35 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for cancer by FDA, these carry serious potential side effects relative to personalized immunotherapies, and for unknown reasons have been ineffective in Glioblastoma. To our knowledge, to date very few personalized active immune therapies have been approved by the FDA, including one dendritic cell therapy and our CAR-T cell therapies. The human immune system is complex, with many diverse elements, and the state of scientific understanding of the immune system is still limited. Some immune therapies previously developed by other parties showed surprising and unexpected toxicity in clinical trials. Moreover, numerous biomarkers of immunotherapy failure or success have been examined, with many proving highly variable depending on clinical context or applications. Although we believe the results from our animal studies of TLR-AD1 for newly diagnosed glioblastoma were quite positive, as were animal and clinical studies of mutated and non-mutated IDH1, those results may not be achieved in our later stage clinical trials.

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Clinical trials for our product candidates are expensive and time consuming, and their outcome is uncertain.

The process of obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals for new therapeutic products is expensive, lengthy and uncertain. Costs and timing of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to any or all of the following non-exclusive reasons: the duration of the clinical trial; the number of sites included in the trials; the countries in which the trial is conducted; the length of time required and ability to enroll eligible patients; the number of patients that participate in the trials; the number of doses that patients receive; the drop-out or discontinuation rates of patients; per patient trial costs; third-party contractors failing to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner; our final product candidates having different properties in humans than in laboratory testing; the need to suspend or terminate our clinical trials; insufficient or inadequate supply or quality of necessary materials to conduct our trials; potential additional safety monitoring, or other conditions required by the FDA regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials, or other studies requested by regulatory agencies; problems engaging independent review boards, or IRBs, to oversee trials or in obtaining and maintaining IRB approval of studies; the duration of patient follow-up; the efficacy and safety profile of a product candidate; the costs and timing of obtaining regulatory approvals; and the costs involved in enforcing or defending patent claims or other intellectual property rights.

Late-stage clinical trials, (e.g., Phase III clinical trials) for glioblastoma patients are especially expensive, typically requiring tens or hundreds of millions of dollars, and take years to reach their outcomes. These outcomes often fail to reproduce the results of earlier trials. It is often necessary to conduct multiple late-stage trials (including multiple Phase III trials) to obtain sufficient results to support product approval, which further increases the expense and time involved. Sometimes trials are further complicated by changes in requirements while the trials are under way (for example, when the standard of care changes for the disease that is being studied in the trial, or when there are changes in the scientific understanding of the disease or the treatment, and/or changes in the competitive landscape.) There has been a very large proliferation of new treatments in various stages of development, as well as some new product approvals, for brain cancer. Any of our current or future product candidates could take a significantly longer time to gain regulatory approval than we expect, or may never gain approval, either of which could delay or stop the commercialization of our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 product candidates.

We have limited experience in conducting and managing clinical trials, or collecting, confirming and analyzing trial data, and we rely on third parties to conduct these activities.

We will rely on third parties to assist us, on a contract services basis, in managing and monitoring all of our clinical trials as well as the collection, confirmation and analysis of the trial data. We do not have experience conducting Phase III clinical trials, or collecting, validating and analyzing trial data by ourselves without third party service firms, nor do we have experience in supervising such third parties in managing multi-hundred patient clinical trials, and collecting, validating and analyzing the data for a Phase III trial for glioblastoma. Our lack of experience and/or our reliance on these third-party service firms may result in delays or a failure to complete these trials and/or the data collection, validation and analyses successfully or on time. If the third parties fail to perform, we may not be able to find sufficient alternative suppliers of those services in a reasonable time, or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.

Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements in multiple countries, including current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and production restrictions and criminal prosecutions.

Regulatory approval of our product candidates may be withdrawn at any time.

After any regulatory approval has been obtained for medical products (including any early or conditional approval), the product and the manufacturer are subject to continual review, including the review of adverse experiences and clinical results that are reported after our products are made available to patients, and there can be no assurance that approval will not be withdrawn or restricted. Regulators may also subject approvals to restrictions or conditions or impose post-approval obligations on the holders of these approvals, and the regulatory status of such products may be jeopardized if such obligations are not fulfilled. If post-approval studies are required, these studies may involve significant time and expense.

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The manufacturer and manufacturing facilities we use to make any of our products will also be subject to periodic review and inspection by the FDA or other regulators.

The discovery of any new or previously unknown problems with the product, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions on the product or manufacturer or facility, including withdrawal of the product from the market. We will continue to be subject to the FDA and other regulatory requirements governing the labeling, packaging, storage, advertising, promotion, recordkeeping, and submission of safety and other post-market information for all of our product candidates, even those that the FDA or other regulator had approved. If we fail to comply with applicable continuing regulatory requirements, we may be subject to fines, restriction, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval, product recalls and seizures, operating restrictions and other adverse consequences.

We may not be successful in negotiating reimbursement.

If any of our TLR-AD1 and/or IDH1 products obtains regulatory approval, commercialization will be difficult and may not be feasible unless we obtain coverage by health insurance and/or national health systems for reimbursement of our product price. Obtaining coverage by health insurance and/or national health systems will be difficult, and we do not have experience with this process. Our TLR-AD1 product is a fully personalized, individual product and, as a result, is expected to be expensive. In addition, our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 products involves a cost structure (with much of the costs upfront, in connection with the manufacturing of the IDH1 biomarker materials, plus personalized TLR-AD1 product for a patient) that is different than traditional drugs and may require different reimbursement arrangements. These factors may make our negotiations for reimbursement more difficult. We may not be successful in negotiating or obtaining reimbursement or obtaining it on acceptable or viable terms.

Our product candidates will require a different distribution model than conventional therapeutic products, and this may impede commercialization of our product candidates.

Our TLR-AD1 product candidates consist of living human immune cells. Such products are entirely different from chemical or biologic drugs, and require different handling, distribution and delivery than chemical or biologic drugs. One crucial difference is that the biomaterial ingredients (immune cells and tumor tissue) from which we make TLR-AD1 products and the finished TLR-AD1 products themselves are subject to time constraints in shipping and handling. The biomaterial ingredients come from the medical centers to the manufacturing facility fresh and not frozen and must arrive within a certain window of time and in usable condition. Performance failures by the medical center or the courier company can result in biomaterials that are not usable, in which case it may not be possible to make TLR-AD1 product for the patient involved. The finished TLR-AD1 products are frozen and must remain frozen throughout the process of distribution and delivery to the medical center or physician’s office, until the time of administration to the patient, and cannot be handled at room temperature until then or their viability will be lost. Each product shipment for each patient must be tracked and managed individually. For all of these reasons, among others, we will not be able to simply use the distribution networks and processes that already exist for conventional drugs. It may take time for shipping companies, hospitals, pharmacies and physicians to adapt to the requirements for handling, distribution and delivery of these products, which may adversely affect our commercialization.

We lack sales and marketing experience, and our product candidates will require different marketing and sales methods and personnel than conventional therapeutic products.

The commercial success of any of our product candidates will depend upon the strength of our sales and marketing efforts. We do not have a marketing or sales force and have no experience in marketing or sales of products like our lead product, TLR-AD1 for glioblastoma, or our additional products such as IDH1 immunotherapy biomarkers. To fully commercialize our product candidates, we will need to recruit and train marketing staff and a sales force with technical expertise and ability to manage the distribution of our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 biomarkers for glioblastoma. As an alternative, we could seek assistance from a corporate partner or a third-party services firm with a large distribution system and a large direct sales force. However, since our TLR-AD1 products are living cell, immune therapy products, and these are a fundamentally new and different type of product than are on the market today, we would still have to train our partner’s or such services firm’s personnel about our products and would have to make changes in their distribution processes and systems to handle our products. We may be unable to recruit and train effective sales and marketing forces of our own, or of a partner or a services firm, and/or doing so may be more costly and difficult than anticipated. These factors may result in significant difficulties in commercializing our product candidates, and we may be unable to generate significant revenues.

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The availability and amount of potential reimbursement for our product candidates by government and private payers is uncertain and may be delayed or inadequate.

The availability and extent of reimbursement by governmental and private payers is essential for most patients to be able to afford expensive treatments, such as cancer treatments. In the United States, the principal decisions about reimbursement for new medicines are typically made by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as CMS decides whether and to what extent a new medicine will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare. Private payers tend to follow CMS to a substantial degree. It is difficult to predict what CMS will decide with respect to reimbursement for fundamentally novel products like ours, as there have been very few products similar to ours to date. We are aware of only a few active immune therapies that have reached the stage of reimbursement decision making processes, including one dendritic cell therapy and a couple of CAR-T cell therapies, none of which utilize proprietary companion diagnostic biomarkers such as IDH1. Although CMS has approved coverage and reimbursement for some of these products, and private payers seem to be following suit in the US, there remain substantial questions and concerns about reimbursement for these products, especially outside the US.

Various factors could increase the difficulties for our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 products to obtain reimbursement. Costs and/or difficulties associated with the reimbursement of Provenge and/or T cell therapies could create an adverse environment for reimbursement of other immune therapies, such as our TLR-AD1 products. Approval of other competing products (drugs and/or devices) for the same disease indications could make the need for our products and the cost-benefit balance less compelling. The cost structure of our product is not a typical cost structure for medical products, as most of our costs are incurred up front, when the manufacturing of the personalized product is done. Our atypical cost structure may not be accommodated in any reimbursement for our products. If we are unable to obtain adequate levels of reimbursement, our ability to successfully market and sell our product candidates will be adversely affected.

In markets outside the U.S., the prices of medical products are subject to direct price controls and/or to reimbursement with varying price control mechanisms, as part of national health systems. In general, the prices of medicines under such systems are substantially lower than in the U.S. Some jurisdictions operate positive and/or negative list systems under which products may only be marketed once a reimbursement price has been agreed. Other countries allow companies to fix their own prices for medicines but monitor and control company profits. The downward pressure on healthcare costs in general, particularly prescription drugs, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products. Accordingly, in markets outside the U.S., the reimbursement for our products may be reduced compared with the U.S. and may be insufficient to generate commercially reasonable revenues and profits.

Competition in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industry is intense, rapidly expanding and most of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do.

The biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries are characterized by rapidly advancing technologies, intense competition and a strong emphasis on proprietary products. A growing number of other companies, such as Adaptimmune, Allogene Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, CRISPR Therapeutics, ElevateBio, Fate Therapeutics, Genentech (Roche), Iovance Biotherapeutics, Umoja Biopharma, and many others, are actively involved in the research and development of immune therapies or cell-based therapies for cancer. In addition, other novel technologies for cancer are under development or commercialization, such as checkpoint inhibitor drugs (which are being rapidly developed by numerous big pharma companies including AstraZeneca, BMS, BeiGene, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Merck & Co., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sanofi and others) and various T cell-based therapies (which are also being rapidly developed by numerous companies with extraordinary resource backing), as well as OPTUNE GIO®, the electro-therapy device of NovoCure. Additionally, many companies are actively involved in the research and development of monoclonal antibody-based cancer therapies. Currently, a substantial number of antibody-based products are approved for commercial sale for cancer therapy, and many additional ones are under development, including late-stage trials. Many other third parties compete with us in developing alternative therapies to treat cancer, including: biopharmaceutical companies; biotechnology companies; pharmaceutical companies; academic institutions; and other research organizations, as well as some medical device companies (e.g., NovoCure and MagForce Nano Technologies AG). Our competitors are likely to examine combination therapies or use of their therapeutic candidates in conjunction with devices and companion diagnostic technologies, including molecular diagnostic platforms similar to IDH1.

We face extensive competition from companies developing new treatments for brain cancer. These include a variety of immune therapies, as mentioned above (including T cell-based therapies and checkpoint inhibitor drugs), as well as a variety of small molecule drugs and biologics drugs. There are also several existing drugs used for the treatment of brain cancer that may compete with our product, including, Avastin® (Roche Holding AG), Gliadel® (Eisai Co. Ltd.), and Temodar® (Merck& Co., Inc.), as well as NovoCure’s electrotherapy device, OPTUNE GIO®.

Most of our competitors have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in research and development, manufacturing, pre-clinical testing, conducting clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing and sales than we do. Smaller or early-stage companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularly if they enter into collaborative arrangements with large and established companies.

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Our competitors may complete their clinical development more rapidly than we and our products do, may develop more effective or affordable products, or may achieve earlier or longer patent protection or earlier product marketing and sales. Any products developed by us may be rendered obsolete and non-competitive.

We may be exposed to potential product liability claims, and insurance may not be available or cover these claims.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale and use of therapeutic products. Our insurance may not cover any claims made and insurance coverage may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Insurance that we obtain may not be adequate to cover claims against us. Regardless of whether they have any merit or not, and regardless of their eventual outcome, product liability claims may result in substantially decreased demand for our products, injury to our reputation, withdrawal of clinical trial participants or physicians, and/or loss of revenues. Thus, whether or not we are insured, a product liability claim, or product recall may result in losses that could be material.

We may be subject to environmental regulatory requirements, and could fail to meet such requirements, and we do not carry insurance against environmental damage or injury claims.

We may need to store, handle, use and dispose of controlled hazardous and biological materials in our business. Our development activities may result in our becoming subject to regulatory requirements, and if we fail to comply with applicable requirements, we could be subject to substantial fines and other sanctions, delays in research and production, and increased operating costs. In addition, if regulated materials were improperly released at our current or former facilities or at locations to which we send materials for disposal, we could be liable for substantial damages and costs, including cleanup costs and personal injury or property damages, and we could incur delays in research and production and increased operating costs.

Collaborations play an important role in our business and could be vulnerable to competition or termination.

We work with scientists and medical professionals at academic and other institutions, some of whom have conducted research for us or have assisted in developing our research and development strategy. These scientists and medical professionals are collaborators, not our employees. They may have commitments to, or contracts with, other institutions or businesses (including competitors) that limit the amount of time they have available to work with us. We have little control over these individuals. We can only expect that they devote time to NovAccess and our programs as required by any license, consulting or sponsored research agreements we may have with them. In addition, these individuals may have arrangements with other companies to assist in developing technologies that may compete with our products. If these individuals do not devote sufficient time and resources to our programs, or if they provide substantial assistance to our competitors, our business could be seriously harmed.

Our business could be adversely affected by new legislation or product-related issues.

Changes in applicable legislation and/or regulatory policies or discovery of problems with the product, production process, site or manufacturer may result in delays in bringing products to market, the imposition of restrictions on the product’s sale or manufacture, including the possible withdrawal of the product from the market, or may otherwise have an adverse effect on our business.

Our business could be adversely affected by animal rights activists.

Our business activities have involved animal testing and could involve further animal testing, as this type of testing is required before new medical products can be tested in clinical trials in human patients. Animal testing has been the subject of controversy and adverse publicity. Some organizations and individuals have attempted to stop animal testing by pressing for legislation and regulation in these areas. To the extent that the activities of these groups are successful, our business could be adversely affected. Negative publicity about us, our pre-clinical trials and our product candidates could also adversely affect our business.

Multiple late-stage clinical trials of TLR-AD1 for glioblastoma, our lead product, and IDH1 companion biomarkers may be required before we can obtain regulatory approval.

Typically, companies conduct multiple late-stage clinical trials of their product candidates before seeking product approval. Our application for approval of a Phase IIa clinical trial is a relatively early-stage clinical trial and we must prove safety and efficacy before we can obtain FDA approval to start a late-stage clinical trial. We may be unable to prove safety and efficacy or obtain approval to start late-stage clinical trials. This would substantially delay our commercialization, and might not be possible to complete, due to development or approval of competing products, lack of funding, or other factors. In addition, a rapidly growing number of products are under development for brain cancer, including immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitor drugs and T cell-based therapies, and some (e.g., NovoCure’s, OPTUNE GIO® device)have been approved in the U.S. It is possible that the standard of care for brain cancer could change before we are approved to start a Phase II trial and analysis of its results, or before we are able to seek approval for late-stage trials and commercialization. This could necessitate further clinical trials with our TLR-AD1 and IDH1 product candidates for brain cancer, which may not be feasible.

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Changes in manufacturing methods for TLR-AD1 could require us to conduct equivalency studies and/or additional clinical trials.

With biologics products and analysis, in some cases “the process is the product:” i.e., the manufacturing process is as integral to the product as is the composition of the product itself. If any changes are made in the manufacturing process, and these changes are considered material by the regulatory authorities, the company sponsor may be required to conduct equivalency studies to show that the product is equivalent under the changed manufacturing processes as under the original manufacturing processes, or the company sponsor may be required to conduct additional clinical trials. In addition, if there are multiple manufacturing locations, equivalency studies may be required to show that the products produced in the respective facilities are substantially the same. Accordingly, we may be required to conduct equivalency studies, and/or additional clinical trials, before we can obtain product approval, unless the regulatory authorities are satisfied that the changes in processes do not affect the quality, efficacy or safety of the product, and satisfied that the products made in each manufacturing location are substantially the same.

We may not receive regulatory approvals for our product candidates or there may be a delay in obtaining such approvals.

Our products and our ongoing development activities are subject to regulation by regulatory authorities in the countries in which we and our collaborators and distributors wish to test, manufacture or market our products. For instance, the FDA will regulate our product in the U.S. Regulatory approval by the FDA will be subject to the evaluation of data relating to the quality, efficacy and safety of the product for its proposed use, and there can be no assurance that the regulatory authorities will find our data sufficient to support product approval of TLR-AD1 or IDH1. In addition, the endpoint against which the data is measured must be acceptable to the regulatory authorities, and the statistical analysis plan for how the data will be evaluated must also be acceptable to the regulatory authorities.

The time required to obtain regulatory approval varies between countries. In the U.S., for products without “Fast Track” status, it can take up to 18 months after submission of an application for product approval to receive the FDA’s decision. Even with Fast Track status, FDA review and decision can take up to 12 months. At present, we do not have Fast Track status for our lead product, TLR-AD1 for glioblastoma, or for its proposed companion diagnostic, IDH1.

Different regulators may impose their own requirements and may refuse to grant, or may require additional data before granting, an approval, even if regulatory approval may have been granted by other regulators. Regulatory approval may be delayed, limited or denied for a number of reasons, including clinical data, the product not meeting safety or efficacy requirements or any relevant manufacturing processes or facilities not meeting applicable requirements as well as case load at the regulatory agency at the time.

We may not maintain the benefits associated with orphan drug status, including market exclusivity.

While we have been granted orphan drug status like the two previous generations of our dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, there is no guarantee that we will maintain orphan drug status for TLR-AD1, our lead product, for glioblastoma. As a result, we may not receive the benefits associated with orphan drug designation (including the benefit providing for market exclusivity for a number of years). This may result from a competing product reaching the market that has an orphan designation for the same disease indication. Under U.S. rules for orphan drugs, if a competing product reaches the market before ours does, the competing product could potentially obtain a scope of market exclusivity that limits or precludes our product from being sold in the U.S. for seven years.

Our intellectual property rights may be overturned, narrowed or blocked, and may not provide sufficient commercial protection for our product candidates, or third parties may infringe upon our intellectual property.

The patent position of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies generally is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions and has in recent years been the subject of much litigation. As a result, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of our patent rights are highly uncertain. Patent laws afford only limited protection and may not protect our rights to the extent necessary to sustain any competitive advantage we may have. Moreover, patents and patent applications relating to living cell products are relatively new, involve complex factual and legal issues, and are largely untested in litigation, and as a result are uncertain. Any patent applications may not result in patents being issued which adequately protect our technology or products or which effectively prevent others from commercializing the same or competitive technologies and products. As a result, we may not be able to obtain meaningful patent protection for our commercial products, and our business may suffer as a result. Third parties may challenge our existing patents, and these challenges could result in overturning or narrowing some of our patents. Even if our patents are not challenged, third parties could assert that their patents block our use of technology covered by some or all of our patents.

We have taken security measures (including execution of confidentiality agreements) to protect our proprietary information, especially proprietary information that is not covered by patents or patent applications. These measures, however, may not provide adequate protection for our trade secrets or other proprietary information. In addition, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets.

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We may be exposed to claims or lawsuits that our products infringe patents or other proprietary rights of other parties.

Our commercial success depends upon our ability and the ability of our collaborators to develop, manufacture, market and sell our product candidates and use our proprietary technologies without infringing the proprietary rights of third parties. We have not conducted a comprehensive freedom-to-operate review to determine whether our proposed business activities or use of certain of the technology covered by patent rights licensed by us would infringe patents issued to third parties.

There is a substantial amount of litigation involving patent and other intellectual property rights in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries generally. The patent landscape is especially uncertain about cell therapy products, as it involves complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. We may become party to, or be threatened with, future adversarial proceedings or litigation regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products and technology, including interference proceedings, inter partes reexamination, or post grant review before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on existing patents or patents that may be granted in the future. If we are found to infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights, we could be required to obtain a license from the third party to continue developing and marketing our products and technology. However, we may not be able to obtain any required license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if we were able to obtain a license, it could be non-exclusive, giving our competitors access to the same technologies licensed to us. We could be forced, including by court order, to cease commercializing the infringing technology or product. In addition, we could be found liable for monetary damages. If the infringement is found to be willful, we could be liable for treble damages.

A finding of infringement could prevent us from commercializing our product candidates or force us to cease some of our business operations, which could materially harm our business. Claims that we have misappropriated the confidential information or trade secrets of third parties could have a similar negative impact on our business.

Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Such litigation or proceedings could substantially increase our operating losses and reduce the resources available for development activities or any future sales, marketing or distribution activities. We may not have sufficient financial or other resources to adequately conduct such litigation or proceedings. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace.

Risks Related to Our Company and Stock

You may experience dilution of your ownership interests because of the future issuance of additional shares of our common stock for general corporate purposes and upon the exercise of warrants, conversion of convertible debt, or conversion of preferred stock.

In the future, we intend to issue additional equity securities for capital raising purposes, in connection with hiring or retaining employees, to fund acquisitions, or for other business purposes, and if the transaction with Sumner or VSI is completed, we will issue shares that amount to a controlling interest in the Company. In addition, as of September 30, 2024, we have outstanding debt that could presently or upon default be converted into approximately 511 million shares of our common stock, preferred shares convertible into 6.0 million shares of our stock, stock options exercisable for up to 5.5 million shares of our stock and warrants exercisable for up to 20.3 million shares of our stock. In addition, we have issued 2.8 million shares of our common stock to one of our lenders for loan commitment fees and guaranteed that the lender will be able to sell the shares for at least $1.3 million; if the lender sells the shares for less, we must issue the lender additional shares or make a cash payment to make them whole. The future issuance of any additional shares of common stock will dilute our current shareholders and may create downward pressure on the value of our shares. In addition, just the potential for the issuance of a significant amount of our common stock pursuant to the warrants, convertible notes and preferred shares could create a circumstance commonly referred to as an “overhang” and in anticipation of which the market price of our stock could fall. The existence of an overhang, whether sales have occurred or are occurring, could also hinder our ability to raise additional equity capital at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.

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Our CEO currently has the ability to significantly influence the election of our directors and the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders.

As of September 30, 2024, our chief executive officer Dwain K. Irvin controls common and preferred shares that give him the right to cast 30% of the vote on all matters submitted to our shareholders, including the election of directors. As a result, Dr. Irvin has the ability to significantly influence the outcome of issues submitted to our shareholders. Although our directors and executive officers, including Dr. Irvin, have a fiduciary obligation to the company’s shareholders, their interests may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other shareholders. As a consequence, it may be difficult for the other shareholders to remove our board members. Dr. Irvin’s voting control could also deter unsolicited takeovers, including transactions in which our shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices.

Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create a new series of preferred stock without further approval by our shareholders, which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.

We are authorized to issue more than 49.9 million shares of preferred stock that has not been previously designated or issued, and our board has the authority to define the relative rights and preferences of these shares of preferred stock without further shareholder approval. As a result, our board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of our common stock. In addition, our board could authorize the issuance of a new series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing shareholders. The issuance of additional shares of preferred stock could materially adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock, and therefore, reduce the value of our common stock. Although we have no present intention to issue any additional shares of preferred stock or to create any additional series of preferred stock, we may issue such shares in the future.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws have provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions which could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if closing such a transaction would be beneficial to our shareholders. We are authorized to issue more than 49.9 million shares of preferred stock that has not been previously designated or issued. This preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined at the time of issuance by our board without shareholder approval. Specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell our assets to, a third party and as a result preserve control by the present management.

We have nearly 1.9 billion shares of authorized but unissued common stock. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock are available for future issuance without shareholder approval. These additional shares may be used for a variety of corporate finance transactions, acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued and unreserved common stock could make it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws also could have the effect of discouraging potential acquisition proposals or tender offers or delaying or preventing a change in control, including changes a shareholder might consider favorable. These provisions may also prevent or frustrate attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our management. In particular, the articles of incorporation and bylaws, among other things: provide our board with the ability to alter the bylaws without shareholder approval; deny shareholders cumulative voting rights in the election of our directors; place limitations on the removal of our directors; and provide that vacancies on our board may be filled by a majority of directors in office, although less than a quorum.

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The market price of our common stock is volatile and can be adversely affected by numerous factors.

The share prices of publicly traded biotechnology and emerging pharmaceutical companies, particularly companies without consistent product revenues and earnings, can be highly volatile and are likely to remain highly volatile in the future. The price which investors may realize in sales of their shares of our stock may be materially different than the price at which our stock is quoted, and will be influenced by a large number of factors, some specific to us and our operations, and some unrelated to our operations. These factors may cause the price of our stock to fluctuate frequently and substantially. Relevant factors may include large purchases or sales of our common stock, shorting of our stock, positive or negative events, commentaries or publicity relating to our company, management or products, or other companies, management or products, including other immune therapies for cancer or immune therapies or cancer therapies generally, positive or negative events relating to healthcare and the overall pharmaceutical and biotech sector, the publication of research by securities analysts and changes in recommendations of securities analysts, legislative or regulatory changes, and/or general economic conditions. In the past, shareholder litigation, including class action litigation, has been brought against other companies that experienced volatility in the market price of their shares or unexpected or adverse developments in their business. Whether or not meritorious, litigation can result in substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and harm the company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Our Common Stock is considered a “penny stock” and may be difficult to sell.

The SEC has adopted regulations which generally define “penny stock” to be an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. Historically, the price of our stock has fluctuated greatly. As of the date of this filing, the market price of our common stock is less than $5.00 per share, and therefore is a “penny stock” according to SEC rules. The “penny stock” rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors (generally those with assets in excess of $1.0 million or annual income exceeding $200,000 or $300,000 together with their spouse). For transactions covered by these rules, the broker-dealer must make a special suitability determination for the purchase of securities and have received the purchaser’s written consent to the transaction before the purchase. Additionally, for any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the broker-dealer must deliver, before the transaction, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must disclose the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, monthly statements must be sent disclosing recent price information on the limited market in penny stocks. These additional burdens imposed on broker-dealers may restrict the ability or decrease the willingness of broker-dealers to sell our stock and may result in decreased liquidity for our stock and increased transaction costs for sales and purchases of our stock as compared to other securities.

The requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other U.S. securities laws impose substantial costs and may drain our resources and distract our management.

We are subject to certain of the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. We have previously identified material weaknesses in our internal controls. Substantial efforts and resources must be expended to maintain a controlled environment, which is difficult for a small company like ours. Continued additional investments and management time to meet these requirements will be necessary since control weaknesses raise the risk of future material errors in our financial statements. We may not be able to maintain effective controls over time. If we have material weaknesses in the future, this may subject us to SEC enforcement action, which could include monetary fines or other equitable remedies that could be detrimental to the ongoing business of the Company.

We do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and, therefore, any return on your investment in our stock must come from increases in the market price of our stock.

We have not paid any cash dividends on our stock to date in our history, and we do not intend to pay cash dividends on our stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, for reinvestment in the development and expansion of our business. Also, any credit agreements which we may enter into with institutional lenders may restrict our ability to pay dividends. Therefore, any return on your investment in our stock must come from increases in the fair market value and trading price of our stock, which may not occur.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report contains statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical facts, including, without limitation, statements that are identified by words like “may,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “predict,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “intend,” or similar expressions. These statements include, among others, statements regarding our current expectations, estimates and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition and operations of our business. These statements are inherently subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed. You should not rely solely on these forward-looking statements and should consider all uncertainties and risks throughout this document. Forward-looking statements are only predictions and not guarantees of performance and speak only as of the date they are made. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement in light of new information or future events.

Although we believe that the expectations, estimates and projections reflected in the forward-looking statements in this report are based on reasonable assumptions when they were made, we cannot assure you that these expectations, estimates and projections will be achieved. We believe the forward-looking statements in this report are reasonable; however, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, as they are based on current expectations. Future events and actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to:

●

If we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials or obtain regulatory approval for our novel cancer treatment, we will have no source of revenue.

●

We have incurred significant net losses from operations and have defaulted on our debt, and must raise additional capital to fund our operations, commercialize our products, and repay our debt.

●

We have been unable to obtain any significant sources of funding, and if a funding transaction does not close we will be unable to pay our debts or continue our operations.

●

We have limited management resources and only one full time employee whom we are dependent upon for our success, and the loss of any member of our management team would negatively impact our operations.

●

The exercise of our outstanding warrants, conversion of our convertible debt, or conversion of our outstanding preferred stock would result in significant dilution for our common shareholders.

Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations and also could cause actual results to differ materially from those included, contemplated or implied by the forward-looking statements made in this report, and you should not consider the factors listed above to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements concerning NovAccess or other matters addressed in this report and attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section of this report, the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this report, especially in the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of this report.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

We have no unresolved Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) comments to report.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

Risk Management and Strategy

We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or data. We have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes, and they include overseeing and identifying risks from cybersecurity threats associated with the use of third-party service providers. We design and assess our program based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF 2.0). This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use the NIST CSF 2.0 as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business. To protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, we use various security tools that are designed to protect against cyber security incidents, as well as to identify, escalate, investigate, resolve, and recover from security incidents in a timely manner.

Our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, but may be negatively impacted in the future by cybersecurity incidents.

Governance

Our board of directors is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure and oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Because our board has only three members, it has not formed a committee tasked with these responsibilities, and addresses them as a whole. However, the board relies on our executive officers for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face, including cybersecurity threats.

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Item 2. Properties.

As a biopharmaceutical company in the pre-IND stage, NovAccess does not require a physical headquarters or permanent research and development facilities. To conserve capital, we utilize third-party office facilities when needed and maintain a mailing office address at 459 Columbus Ave #607, New York, NY 10025. In addition, our StemVax, LLC subsidiary utilizes third-party laboratory and research space in Pasadena and Santa Cruz, California as needed.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

On October 7, 2024, 13 Paul Lending LLC filed a complaint against NovAccess in the Circuit Court of Fairfax County, Virginia caption 13 Paul Lending LLC v NovAccess Global Inc., CL-2024-0014265. 13 Paul loaned the Company $55,000 pursuant to a securities purchase agreement and convertible promissory note dated August 16, 2023. In the complaint, 13 Paul alleges breach of the note and purchase agreement and is seeking default damages of approximately $510,000. We previously repaid a portion of the loan and believe that the damages sought by 13 Paul are excessive. On October 22, 2025, the court dismissed the case because NovAccess had not been served within a year of 13 Paul filing the complaint. On October 31, 2025, 13 Paul filed a motion for reconsideration, arguing that NovAccess had agreed to accept service. On November 2025, NovAccess made a payment of $10,000 to 13 Paul. We are in ongoing discussions with 13 Paul’s counsel to settle the case, but cannot guarantee that we will be able to settle with 13 Paul on terms acceptable to us or at all.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

We are not engaged in mining operations.

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Part II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

The common stock of NovAccess previously traded on the OTCQB Market under the symbol “XSNX,” but is currently eligible to trade on the OTC Expert Market. Because we are delinquent in our SEC filings, our shares are only eligible to trade for unsolicited customer orders, not proprietary broker-dealer quotations. Trading in the common stock is limited and sporadic. The following table lists the high and low closing sale prices for our stock for each quarter for the last two fiscal years as reported on the OTCQB. These quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions.

	Closing Price
Quarter Ended	High		Low
December 31, 2022		0.325		0.116
March 31, 2023		0.290		0.140
June 30, 2023		0.200		0.100
September 30, 2023		0.133		0.061
December 31, 2023		0.100		0.017
March 31, 2024		0.049		0.008
June 30, 2024		0.018		0.004
September 30, 2024		0.019		0.005

We had 354 shareholders of record of our common stock on December 31, 2024. We intend to reinvest in our business and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

Unregistered Sales of Common Stock

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, we issued 172,502 unregistered shares of our common stock for compensatory purposes. Effective September 30, 2024, we issued 72,500 unregistered shares of our common stock to Letzhangout LLC. for accounting services provided to NovAccess, and 100,002 unregistered shares to Darrow Associates for investor relations services provided to NovAccess. The issuance of shares to our service providers is exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Cautionary and Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Item 1A: Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We undertake no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report. Readers should carefully review the factors described in other documents that the Company files from time to time with the SEC.

Organization

NovAccess Global Inc. is a Colorado corporation that was formerly known as XsunX, Inc. and Sun River Mining Inc.

Business Plan

In 2020, we transitioned our operations from solar contracting operations to the commercialization of developmental healthcare solutions in the biotechnology, medical, and health and wellness markets. On June 2, 2020, we entered into a membership interest purchase agreement with Innovest Global, Inc. to acquire StemVax LLC (“StemVax”) for 7.5 million shares of our unregistered common stock. The acquisition was completed on September 8, 2020.

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StemVax, is a biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for brain tumor patients that holds an exclusive patent license from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California (Cedars-Sinai) known as StemVax Glioblast (SVX-GB/TLR-AD1). TLR-AD1 specifically targets glioblastoma, the most common and lethal type of adult brain tumor. Christopher Wheeler, President of StemVax, has been involved in the pre-clinical research and development of the drug candidate at Cedars-Sinai Department of Neurosurgery since 1997. Dr. Wheeler began preparing the pre-IND application to obtain FDA approval to start human clinical trials. In 2021, Dr. Wheeler led pre-IND interactions with the FDA and obtained a recommended roadmap from the FDA to facilitate the filing of an IND application for a Phase I application or a Phase II application. We are currently executing on their recommendations and plan to submit an IND application in 2026. In August 2022, we filed an application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for orphan drug designation (“ODD”) for TLR-AD1, which was granted in October 2022. Receiving ODD status represents a milestone in the development of TLR-AD1 and provides us with multiple incentives, including seven-year marketing exclusivity and federal tax credits, among other benefits. In May 2024, NovAccess submitted a provisional patent, and in May 2025 a non-provisional patent, for new intellectual property developed at Cedars-Sinai to advance the Company’s immunotherapy platform. The patent pertains to the use of a specific protein, IDH1, which is commonly mutated in brain and other tumors. Pre-clinical and clinical research published by Dr. Wheeler, has shown that mutated IDH1 in the tumor predicts poor response to dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy treatment for brain cancer, while high expression of non-mutated IDH1 in tumor tissue discerns long-term from short-term survivors in patients with brain tumors such as glioblastoma. With the filing, NovAccess effectively doubled its patent portfolio, and intends to use analysis of IDH1 in tumors to promote the delivery of TLR-AD1 to only the patients most likely to benefit from it. The Company plans to approach the US Food and Drug Administration to determine how best to co-develop IDH1 and TLR-AD1.

Results of Operations for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2024, Compared to Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2023

Revenue and Cost of Sales

The Company generated no revenue or cost of goods sold in the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, and 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses decreased by $1,564,623 during fiscal 2024 to $747,776 as compared to $2,312,399 for fiscal 2023. The primary decrease in SG&A expenses $1,180,813 was related to the Company recognizing $29,000 in warrant expense in fiscal 2023 compared to $563,315 in stock compensation expense and $563,998 in warrant expense in fiscal 2023. The stock compensation expense resulted from the issuance of stock options to board members, employees and other service providers as compensation for their services during 2023. The warrant expense was the result of issuing warrants in return for the extension of the due dates on certain loans. The professional services fees decreased by $328,872 during fiscal 2024 to $338,469 as compared to $667,341 for fiscal 2023. The decreases resulted from investor relations expenses of $262,343, legal and accounting of $52,007, and all other professional fees of $14,522. All other expenses were at similar levels between the two years and resulted in a net decrease of $54,474.

Research and development Expenses

Research and development expenses were at a similar level of $153,898 and $154,362 for fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no new product investments in the year.

Other Income/(Expenses)

Other expenses decreased by $501,970 to $1,756,215 for fiscal 2024 from other expenses of $2,258,158 for fiscal 2023. The change was primarily due to a decrease in the loss on derivative liabilities of $868,225 from a loss in fiscal 2023 of $1,246,842 to a loss of $378,671 in fiscal 2024. This change was the result of additional convertible debt entered into and retired during 2024 as well as the overall decline in the stock price and increase in volatility. Additionally, interest expense decreased by $516,737 because of lower debt amortization costs This decrease was offset by a legal provision of $509,842, an impairment charge of $221,932 and by an increase in an expense of $177,553 relating to the price guarantee on shares issued as a commitment fee to one of our note holders.

The estimates of fair market value are based on multiple inputs, including the market price of our stock, interest rates, our stock price, volatility, variable conversion prices based on market prices defined in the respective agreements and probabilities of certain outcomes based on managements’ estimates. These inputs are subject to significant changes from period to period, therefore, the estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities will fluctuate from period to period, and the fluctuation may be material.

Net Loss

For fiscal year 2024, our net loss was $2,657,889 as compared to a net loss of $4,724,946 for fiscal 2023. The decrease in net loss of $2,067,057 was due to the decrease in SG&A and Other Expenses described above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We had a working capital deficit as of September 30, 2024 of $10,023,523, as compared to a working capital deficit of $7,798,484 as of September 30, 2023. The increase of $2,225,039 in working capital deficit was the result of an increase in the derivative liability on convertible notes amounting to $410,461. There were also increases in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $1,041,732, an increase in accrued legal settlement of $509,842 and an increase in accounts payable of $245,533 because of the deferral of payments to some service providers and our CEO. Cash and prepaid expenses reduced by $24.

For fiscal 2024, our cash flow used by operating activities was $215,402, as compared to cash flow used by operating activities of $624,636 for fiscal 2023. The decrease of $409,234 in cash flow used by operating activities was primarily due to lower cash expenses because of the lack of funding for operations.

Cash flow used by investing activities was $0 in fiscal 2024 and 2023.

Cash flow provided by financing activities was $214,878 for fiscal 2024, as compared to cash provided by financing activities of $581,800 during fiscal 2023. The decrease in cash flow provided by financing activities reflects the difficulty in raising additional capital.

The Company will need to raise additional funds to finance its ongoing operations, complete its IND application to the FDA and to make payments under its loan agreements. We plan to raise this capital through the issuance of equity as well as obtaining additional debt as needed.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance-sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As a result, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates made in preparing these consolidated financial statements include the estimate of useful lives of property and equipment, the deferred tax valuation allowance, the fair value of stock options, and derivative liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Because NovAccess is a “smaller reporting company” as defined by the SEC we are not required to provide additional market risk disclosure.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The following financial statements are filed with this Form 10-K beginning at page F-1:

Report of M&K CPAS, PLLC, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 2738)		F-1

Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and 2023		F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023		F-3
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Deficit for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023		F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023		F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-6

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of NovAccess Global, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NovAccess Global, Inc. (the Company) as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2024 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended September 30, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company have suffered multiple net losses from operations, has an accumulated deficit and no revenue to date, which raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding those matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and the significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated, or required to be communicated, to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Derivative Liabilities

As discussed in Note 2, 5, 6 and 8, the Company borrows funds through the use of convertible note payable that contain a conversion price that may be fixed or a percentage of the stock price.

Auditing management’s evaluation of a fair value of the derivative liability involves significant judgement and estimates given the embedded conversion features of the notes.

To evaluate the appropriateness of the fluctuation of the conversion price, the embedded conversion feature requires bifurcation from the host contract and is recorded as a liability subject to market adjustments as of each reporting period. Significant judgement is exercised by the Company in determining derivative liability values for the convertible note agreements.

/s/ M&K CPAS, PLLC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019

The Woodlands, Texas

January 14, 2026

F-1

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	20,891		$	21,415
Prepaid expenses		41,333			40,833

Total Current Assets		62,224			62,248

Investment		-			-

TOTAL ASSETS	$	62,224		$	62,248

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	760,219		$	514,686
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		3,024,299			1,982,567
Accrued legal settlement		509,842			-
Derivative and warrant liabilities		3,392,843			2,982,382
Due to related parties		181,217			181,217
Short term loan, related party		35,000			21,000
Convertible promissory notes, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $122,302 and $0 respectively. Some are in default (see Note 5)		2,160,827			2,166,380
Convertible promissory note related party		21,500			12,500
Total Current Liabilities		10,085,747			7,860,732

TOTAL LIABILITIES		10,085,747			7,860,732

SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Preferred stock 50,000,000 shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding designated as follows:
Preferred Stock Series B, $0.01 par value, 25,000 authorized and 600 shares issued and outstanding	$	6			6
Common stock, no par value; 2,000,000,000 authorized common shares 61,652,385 and 21,744,209 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		44,081,498			43,683,197
Additional paid in capital		5,340,948			5,335,398
Paid in capital, common stock warrants		5,367,272			5,338,273
Paid in capital, preferred stock		4,747,108			4,747,108
Accumulated deficit		(69,560,355	)		(66,902,466	)

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT		(10,023,523	)		(7,798,484	)

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT	$	62,224		$	62,248

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

	Years Ended
	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023

SALES	$	-		$	-

COST OF GOODS SOLD		-			-

GROSS PROFIT		-			-

OPERATING EXPENSES
Research and development expenses		153,898			154,362
Selling, general and administrative expenses		747,776			2,312,399

TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES		901,674			2,466,761

LOSS FROM OPERATIONS BEFORE OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSES)		(901,674	)		(2,466,761	)

OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSES)
Miscellaneous income		15,379			56,082
Extinguishment of derivative liability		232,986			237,465
Loss on change in derivative liability		(266,270	)		(1,246,842	)
Loss on derivatives		(112,347	)		-
Impairment of investment		(221,932	)		-
Commitment fee guarantee		(259,053	)		(81,500	)
Legal settlement provision		(509,842	)		-
Interest expense		(635,136	)		(1,223,390	)

TOTAL OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSES)		(1,756,215	)		(2,258,185	)

NET LOSS	$	(2,657,889	)	$	(4,724,946	)

DIVIDEND WARRANT PROTECTION RESERVE	$	-		$	(44,241	)

NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS	$	(2,657,889	)	$	(4,769,187	)

BASIC LOSS PER SHARE	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.23	)

DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE	$	(0.06	)	$	(0.23	)

WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
BASIC		44,631,319			20,828,079
DILUTED		44,631,319			20,828,079

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

	Preferred Stock, Class B				Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Stock Options/ Warrants Paid in		Paid in Capital, Preferred		Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Capital		Stock		Deficit			Total

Balance at September 30, 2022		600	$	6		18,669,507	$	43,225,982	$	5,340,398		$	4,210,960	$	4,747,108	$	(62,177,520	)	$	(4,653,066	)

Common stock issued for services		-		-		1,908,025		307,715					-		-		-			307,715
Common stock issued, subscriptions		-		-		525,000		55,000		(5,000	)		-		-		-			50,000
Common stock issued as commitment fee on promissory note extension		-		-		500,000		82,500		-			-		-		-			82,500
Common stock issued as repayment of loan		-		-		141,677		12,000		-			-		-		-			12,000
Stock compensation - options		-		-		-		-		-			563,315		-		-			563,315
Warrant expense		-		-		-		-		-			563,998		-		-			563,998
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			-		-		(4,724,946	)		(4,724,946	)
Balance at September 30, 2023		600	$	6		21,744,209	$	43,683,197	$	5,335,398		$	5,338,273	$	4,747,108	$	(66,902,466	)	$	(7,798,484	)

Common stock issued for services		-		-		417,504		6.159					-		-		-			6,159
Common stock issued on conversion of loans						22,195,217		156,460												156,460
Common stock issued for commitment fees		-		-		2,500,000		13,750		-			-		-		-			13,750
Common stock issued for investment		-		-		14,795,455		221,932		-			-		-		-			221,932
Imputed interest on related party loans		-		-		-		-		5,550			-		-		-			5,550
Warrant expense		-		-		-		-		-			28,999		-		-			28,999
Net Loss																	(2,657,889	)		(2,657,889	)
Balance at September 30, 2024		600	$	6		61,652,385	$	43,683,197	$	5,340,948		$	5,367,272	$	4,747,108	$	(69,560,355	)	$	(10,023,523	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

	Years Ended
	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Loss	$	(2,657,889	)	$	(4,724,946	)
Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs recorded as interest expense		233,138			918,578
Loss on change in fair value of derivative liability		266,270			1,009,377
Loss on derivatives		112,347			-
Extinguishment of derivatives		(232,986	)		-
Warrants expense		28,999			563,998
Imputed interest on related party loan		5,550			-
Stock issued and issuable for services		6,159			307,715
Stock based compensation		-			563,315
Fair value of commitment shares issued for loans		-			82,500
Impairment of investment		221,932			-
Changes in Assets and Liabilities:
Prepaid expenses		(500	)		19,817
Accounts payable		245,533			139,004
Accrued legal settlement		509,842			-
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		1,046,203			496,006
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES		(215,402	)		(624,636	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Stock subscriptions received		-			50,000
Payments to related party for redemption of preferred stock		-			(5,000	)
Proceeds from promissory notes		305,038			693,550
Proceeds from convertible notes payable to related parties		9,000			-
Proceeds from short term loans payable - related parties		14,600			8,500
Payments on convertible promissory notes		(113,160	)		(165,250	)
Proceeds from short term loans payable - related parties		(600	)		-
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES		214,878			581,800

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

NET CASH USED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES		-			-

NET DECREASE IN CASH		(524	)		(42,836	)

CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD		21,415			64,251

CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	20,891		$	21,415

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid	$	25,505		$	97,928
Taxes paid	$	-		$	-

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS
Common stock issued on conversion of convertible note	$	156,607		$	12,000
Initial derivative recognition on new loans and warrants	$	264,830		$	813,711
Common stock issued to purchase long-term equity investment	$	221,932		$	-
Common stock issued as commitment fee on promissory note	$	13,750		$	82,500

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

1. ORGANIZATION AND LINE OF BUSINESS

Organization

NovAccess Global Inc. (“NovAccess” or the “Company”) is a Colorado corporation formerly known as Sun River Mining Inc. and XsunX, Inc. The Company was originally incorporated in Colorado on February 25, 1997. Effective September 24, 2003, the Company completed a plan of reorganization and name change to XsunX, Inc. Effective August 25, 2020, we filed articles of amendment to our articles of incorporation with the Colorado Secretary of State to: effectuate a 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock; and change the name of the Company to “NovAccess Global Inc.” After completing the acquisition of StemVax LLC in September 2020, we exited the solar business and focused all our efforts on our biopharmaceutical business.

Line of Business

NovAccess Global Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company that is developing novel immunotherapies to treat brain tumor patients in the United States with plans to expand globally. We specialize in cutting-edge research related to utilizing a patient’s own immune system to attack the cancer. We are filing an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) and working closely with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to obtain approval for human clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of our drug product for brain cancer patients. Once we have successfully completed the clinical trials and proven that the new therapy is safe and efficacious, we plan to commercialize the product. We also have expertise in successfully executing clinical trials, bringing products to market and increasing the market size of products through our advisory board. Our scientists are well versed in immunology, stem cell biology, neuroscience, molecular biology, imaging, small molecules development, gene therapy and other technical assays needed for protein and genetic analysis of cancer cells.

NovAccess operates as a research and development (R&D) company out of Ohio and California, and our executive management and scientific advisory board provide over 15 years of extensive experience in all aspects of biopharmaceutical R&D and commercialization of drug candidates.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis of accounting, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The accompanying financial statements do not reflect any adjustments that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. The Company does not generate significant revenue, and has negative cash flows from operations, which raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern and appropriateness of using the going concern basis is dependent upon, among other things, additional cash infusions. The Company has obtained funds from its shareholders and from lenders since its inception through the period ended September 30, 2024. Management believes the existing shareholders, prospective new investors and lenders will provide the additional cash needed to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due and will allow the development of its business.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

This summary of significant accounting policies of NovAccess Global, Inc. is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company’s management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary StemVax, LLC. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions between these entities have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates made in preparing these consolidated financial statements include the estimate of the deferred tax valuation allowance, the fair value of stock options, and derivative liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and money markets with an original maturity of three months or less.

Stock-Based Compensation

Share-based Payment applies to transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services and also applies to liabilities an entity may incur for goods or services that are to follow a fair value of those equity instruments. We are required to follow a fair value approach using an option-pricing model, such as the Binomial lattice valuation model, at the date of a stock option grant. The deferred compensation calculated under the fair value method would then be amortized over the respective vesting period of the stock option. This has not had a material impact on our results of operations.

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Calculations

Net earnings (loss) per share dictates the calculation of basic earnings (loss) per share and diluted earnings (loss) per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The computation of diluted net earnings (loss) per share is similar to the computation of basic net earnings (loss) per share except that the numerator may have to adjust for income or loss associated with potentially dilutive securities that are assumed to have resulted in the issuance of shares of common stock, and the denominator may have to adjust to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from shares of common stock issuable through stock options, warrants or convertible preferred stock. For purposes of determining diluted earnings per common share, the treasury stock method is used for stock options and warrants, and the if-converted method is used for convertible preferred stock as prescribed in ASC Topic 260.

	For the Years Ended
	September 30,
	2024			2023

Gain (Loss) to common shareholders (Numerator)	$	(2,657,889	)	$	(4,724,946	)

Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding (Denominator)		44,631,319			20,828,079

Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding (Denominator)		44,631,319			20,828,079

Diluted weighted average number of shares for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, and 2023 is the same as basic weighted average number of shares because the Company had net losses for fiscal years 2024 and 2023.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value information, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, where it is practicable to estimate that value. As of September 30, 2024, the balances reported for cash, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses approximate the fair value because of their short maturities.

We adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820 for financial instruments measured as fair value on a recurring basis. ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, established a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 established a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

●

Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

●

Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

●

Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

We measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company had no assets that are required to be valued on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024, and 2023. The Company had liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows at September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)

Assets:	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Liabilities:
Derivative Liability at fair value as of September 30, 2023	$	2,253,391	$	-	$	-	$	2,253,391
Derivative Liability warrants at fair value as of September 30, 2023	$	728,991	$	-	$	-	$	728,991
Total Derivative Liability as of September 30, 2023	$	2,982,382	$	-	$	-	$	2,982,382
Derivative Liability at fair value as of September 30, 2024	$	3,141,263	$	-	$	-	$	3,141,263
Derivative Liability warrants at fair value as of September 30, 2024	$	154,692	$	-	$	-	$	154,692
Total Derivative Liability as of September 30, 2024	$	3,295,955	$	-	$	-	$	3,295,955

The following is a reconciliation of the derivative liability for which Level 3 inputs were used in determining the approximate fair value:

	Derivative Liability Promissory Notes			Derivative Liability Warrants			Total Derivative Liability
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	1,207,403		$	232,609		$	1,440,012
Fiscal year 2023 initial derivative liabilities		480,958			332,753			813,711
Net Loss on change in fair value		565,030			163,629			728,659
Ending balance as of September 30, 2023	$	2,253,391		$	728,991		$	2,982,382
Fiscal year 2024 initial derivative liabilities		292,557			84,620			377,177
Net (Gain) Loss on change in fair value		925,189			(658,919	)		266,270
Extinguishment of derivatives		(232,986	)		-			(232,986	)
Ending balance as of September 30, 2024	$	3,238,151		$	154,692		$	3,392,843

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-06, which incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosures referred to by the SEC in their SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, issued on August 17, 2018. The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification and apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected Topics unless otherwise indicated. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively. For public business entities, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company has evaluated the effects of the adoption of ASU No. 2022-03, and it is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which amends and enhances the disclosure requirements for reportable segments. All disclosure requirements under this standard will also be required for public entities with a single reportable segment. The new standard will be effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which requires companies to provide disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The new requirements will be effective for public business entities for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

3. INVESTMENT

On May 17, 2024, the Company subscribed and agreed to purchase 362,956 shares of Fendix Media Limited, a United Kingdom private limited company, par value £0.001 per share, from Dawn Digital Limited, a special purpose holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, in exchange for 14,795,455 shares of the Company’s common stock. Fendix Media Limited partners with the United Kingdom’s National Health Service (NHS) Trusts and Health Boards to deliver live, embedded, diverse and relevant digital content via NHS staff intranets. The Company’s investment represents approximately 18.6% ownership in Fendix Media Limited.

This investment consists of an equity investment in a private company through common shares that is accounted for at cost, with adjustments for observable changes in prices or impairments, and is classified as long-term equity investment on our consolidated balance sheets with adjustments recognized in other (expense) income, net of impairment on our consolidated statements of operations. The Company has determined that the equity investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and elected the measurement alternative. Therefore, the equity investment’s carrying amount will be adjusted to fair value at the time of the next observable price change for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer or when an impairment is recognized.

Each reporting period, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. The assessment includes a review of recent operating results and trends, recent sales/acquisitions of the investee securities, and other publicly available data. If the investment is impaired, the Company writes it down to its estimated fair value. Due to there being no readily determinable fair value of the investment for the reporting period, the company elected to value the investment at $0 and recorded a $221,932 impairment as of September 30, 2024.

If, in the future, the Company identifies observable price changes, we may measure our investment at fair value as of the date the observable transaction occurred.

4. CAPITAL STOCK

As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s authorized stock consisted of 2,000,000,000 shares of common stock, with no par value.

The Company is also authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of the preferred stock are determined by the Board of Directors prior to issuance of such shares.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

4. CAPITAL STOCK (Continued)

Preferred Stock

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 600 shares of issued and outstanding Series B Preferred held by Irvin Consulting LLC, a company owned by Dwain Irvin, the CEO of the Company.

Each share of outstanding Series B Preferred Stock entitles the holder to cast 40,000 votes. Each share of Series B Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into 10,000 common shares. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the Company, the holders of shares of Series B Preferred Stock shall be paid out based on an as converted basis. Dividends for Series B Preferred Stock shall be declared on an as converted basis.

Common Stock

During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 40,335,225 shares of common stock.

The Company issued 22,195,217 shares on the conversion of the April 11, 2023, Note, the April 24, 2023 Note, the June 20, 2023 Note, the August 16, 2023 Note, and the August 17, 2023 Note, representing principal of $79,250 plus interest of $4,472, principal of $29,710, principal of $21,380, and principal of $21,795, respectively. The debt was converted within the terms of the agreements (as discussed below in Note 4).

The Company issued 417,504 shares to various vendors for services provided for a value of $6,159 recorded at fair value of shares on the respective grant dates and including 398,750 shares issued to a related party for services provided amounting to $4,702 recorded at the fair value of shares on the respective grant dates.

The Company issued 2,500,000 shares as commitment fees in connection with the letter agreement issued on April 29, 2024. These shares were recorded at fair value as of the date of issuance.

The Company issued 14,795,455 shares to purchase 362,956 shares of Fendix Media Limited, a United Kingdom private limited company for an initial value of $221,932.

During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued 3,074,702 shares of common stock. 1,908,025 shares were issued to various vendors for services provided, including 398,750 shares issued to a related party for services provided; 141,677 shares were issued on repayment of loan; 525,000 shares were issued in relation to stock subscriptions; and 500,000 shares were issued as commitment fees in connection with the letter agreement issued on February 9, 2023.

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES

Convertible Promissory notes as of September 30, 2024	Principal Amount		Unamortized balance of Debt Discount			Outstanding balance as of September 30, 2024		Derivative balance as of September 30, 2024

2013 Note		12,000		-			12,000		-
2014 Note		50,880		-			50,880		245,569
2017 Note		115,000		-			115,000		519,621
February 2022 Note		250,000		-			250,000		299,830
May 2022 Note		1,000,000		-			1,000,000		1,222,516
August 2022 Note		100,000		-			100,000		-
February 2023 Note		265,000		-			265,000		312,915
June 19, 2023 Note		75,000		-			75,000		86,359
August 16, 2023 Note		33,205		-			33,205		96,888
December 29, 2023 Note		29,444		-			29,444		31,326
February 27, 2024 Note		100,000		-			100,000		100,871
April 29, 2024 Note		25,600		(3,697	)		21,903		32,762
May 13, 2024 Note		117,000		(27,978	)		89,022		160,696
August 20, 2024 Note		45,000		(29,936	)		15,064		52,978
September 18, 2024 Note		65,000		(60,691	)		4,309		75,820
Sub-total		2,283,129		(122,302	)		2,160,827		3,238,151

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

2013 Note

On October 1, 2013, the Company issued an unsecured convertible promissory note (the “2013 Note”) in the amount of $12,000 to a former Board member (the “Holder”) in exchange for retention as a director during the fiscal year ending September 30, 2014. The Note can be converted into shares of common stock by the Holder for $4.50 per share. The Note matured on October 1, 2015, and bore a one-time interest charge of $1,200 which was applied to the principal on October 1, 2014. As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding principal balance was $12,000 and accrued interest was $1,200. This loan is in default.

2014 Note

On November 20, 2014, the Company issued a 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the “2014 Note”) for the principal sum of up to $400,000 plus accrued interest on any advanced principal funds. The 2014 Note matured eighteen months from each advance. The 2014 Note may be converted by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of $12.50 per share or (b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest traded prices following issuance of the 2014 Note or (c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity. On November 20, 2014, the lender advanced $50,000 to the Company under the 2014 Note at inception. On various dates from February 18, 2015, through September 30, 2016, the lender advanced an additional $350,000 under the 2014 Note. On September 3, 2024, the Company and lender agreed to extend the maturity date for the outstanding balance to June 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding principal balance was $50,880 and accrued interest was $41,805.

2017 Note

On May 10, 2017, the Company issued a 10% unsecured convertible promissory note (the “2017 Note”) for the principal sum of up to $150,000 plus accrued interest on any advanced principal funds. The Company received a tranche in the amount of $25,000 upon execution of the 2017 Note. On various dates, the Company received additional tranches in the aggregate sum of $90,000. On September 3, 2024, the Company and lender agreed to extend the maturity date for the outstanding balance to June 30, 2025. The 2017 Note may be converted by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of $10 per share or (b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest traded price of common stock recorded on any trade day after the effective date, or (c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity. As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding principal balance was $115,000 and accrued interest was $81,119.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

August 2021 Note

On August 20, 2021, the Company issued a 10% secured promissory note (the “August 2021 Note”) for the principal sum of $500,000 plus accrued interest. The August 2021 Note was to mature on February 20, 2022, unless extended for up to an additional six months. The August 2021 Note could be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of 90% (representing a 10% discount) multiplied by the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period. The Company issued 1,000,000 warrants at a price of $1.50 in connection with the note and issued 400,000 shares as a commitment fee. In February 2022, the Company extended the term of the August 2021 Note for an additional six months. The Company repaid the August 2021 Note on May 9, 2022, in connection with the issuance of the May 2022 Note described below. As of September 30, 2024, the balance on the August 2021 Note was $0.

In connection with the February 2023 Letter Agreement (described below) the warrants issued in connection with this note were repriced to $0.20 per share. The warrants contained a ratchet price adjustment provision and the difference in fair value upon the reduction of exercise price was treated as a deemed dividend for the down round adjustment provision.

February 2022 Note

On February 15, 2022, the Company issued a 10% secured promissory note (the “February 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $250,000 plus accrued interest. The February 2022 Note was to mature on August 15, 2022, unless extended for up to an additional six months. The February 2022 Note may be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period before the conversion. In July 2022, the Company extended the term of the February 2022 note for another six months until February 15, 2023. In connection with the note, the Company issued 500,000 warrants with an exercise price of $1.50. The February 2022 Note had an original issuance discount amounting to $25,000, debt issuance cost amounting to $12,000 and the Company issued 300,000 shares as a commitment fee valued at $111,000 based on the share price on the date of the agreement. The initial recognition of derivative and warrant liability was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt discount is fully amortized and the balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024, was $0. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $250,000 and accrued interest was $70,374.

On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement in connection with the February 2022 Note, whereby the lender extended the due date of the loan to May 9, 2023, and deferred all interest payments for the period from January 1, 2023, until May 9, 2023. Pursuant to the letter agreement the exercise price of the warrants issued with the February 2022 Note was reduced to $0.20 per share. The warrants contained a ratchet price adjustment provision and the difference in fair value upon the reduction of exercise price was treated as a deemed dividend for the down round adjustment provision.

The Holder has agreed to a number of extensions on the loan and on August 18, 2025, agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025.

May 2022 Note

On May 5, 2022, the Company issued a 12% secured promissory note (the “May 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $1,000,000 plus accrued interest. The May 2022 Note was to mature on November 5, 2022, unless extended for up to an additional six months. If extended, the interest rate increased to 15% for the remaining six months. The May 2022 Note may be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period before conversion. The Company used some of the proceeds from the May 2022 Note to pay off the August 2021 Note. In November 2022, the Company extended the May 2022 Note for another six months until May 5, 2023. In connection with the loan the Company issued 1,000,000 warrants at an exercise price of $0.01. The May 2022 Note had an original issuance discount amounting to $100,000, debt issuance costs of $25,500 and the Company issued 875,000 shares as a commitment fee valued at $259,875 based on the share price on the date of the agreement. The initial recognition of derivative liability of $412,065 and warrant liability amounting to $282,051 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024, was $0. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $1,000,000 and accrued interest was $306,285.

The Holder has agreed to a number of extensions on the loan and on August 18, 2025, agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

August 2022 Note

On August 8, 2022, the Company issued a 12% unsecured promissory note (the “August 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $100,000 plus accrued interest. The August 2022 Note matured on August 8, 2023. The holder has the right, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.15. The initial recognition of derivative liability of $77,259 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024, was $0. As of September 30, 2024, the balance outstanding was $100,000 and accrued interest was $24,928.

On August 3, 2023, the Company and the holder signed an agreement extending the loan until November 8, 2023, with an interest rate of 14% commencing on August 9, 2023. On January 31, 2024, the Holder agreed to a further extension until February 29, 2024, in return for an additional fee of $5,000. On May 9, 2024, the Holder agreed to a third extension until August 10, 2024, in exchange for an interest rate change to 20% retroactive to August 9, 2022. On August 16, 2024, the Holder agreed to a repayment plan requiring payment in full for unpaid principal and interest by February 27, 2025. On August 28, 2025, the Company and holder agreed to a payment plan of $10,000 within five days of signing with the $100,000 note due by November 1, 2025.

September 2022 Note

On September 22, 2022, the Company issued an 8% secured promissory note (the “September 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $79,250 plus accrued interest. The September 2022 Note was to mature on September 22, 2023. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance would have borne interest of 22% per annum. The holder had the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the Common Stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company had the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty was subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of derivative liability amounting to $75,000 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $4,250 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The Company repaid the loan in full including interest of $3,127 and prepayment penalty of $20,594 on March 12, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, the balance outstanding was $0.

November 2022 Note

On November 1, 2022, the Company issued an 8% secured promissory note (the “November 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $55,000 plus accrued interest. The November 2022 Note was to mature on November 1, 2023. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance would have borne interest of 22% per annum. The holder had the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the Common Stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company had the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty was subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of derivative liability amounting to $50,750 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $4,250 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The Company repaid the loan in full including interest of $2,109 and prepayment penalty of $14,277 on April 24, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, the balance outstanding was $0.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

December 2022 Note

On December 7, 2022, the Company issued an 8% secured promissory note (the “December 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $55,000 plus accrued interest. The December 2022 Note was to mature on December 7, 2023. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance would have borne interest of 22% per annum. The holder had the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding, to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the Common Stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company had the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty was subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of derivative liability amounting to $50,750 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $4,250 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. On June 13, 2023, the lender converted $12,000 of the amount due into 141,677 shares of the Company and on June 20, 2023, the Company repaid the balance of the loan together with $2,260 in interest and $11,315 in prepayment penalty. As of September 30, 2024, the balance outstanding was $0.

February 2023 Letter Agreement

On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement, whereby the Company borrowed an additional loan amounting to $265,000, which was added to the May 2022 Note. The $265,000 loan has an original issuance discount of 10% of the principal and bears interest at 10% a year. This loan was due on May 9, 2023. Our chief executive officer, Dwain K. Irvin, guaranteed repayment of the loan. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company paid a commitment fee of 500,000 unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock which were valued at $82,500 based on the share price on the date of the agreement. The initial recognition of derivative liability amounting to $110,576 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The original issuance discount of $26,500 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2024, the unamortized debt discount balance was $0, the principal balance outstanding was $265,000 and accrued interest was $69,356.

Also, as part of this agreement the lender extended the term of February 2022 note to May 9, 2023, and deferred payment of all interest due on both the February 2022 note and May 2022 note until May 9, 2023. In addition, the Company issued 1,000,000 warrants to purchase common stock at a price of $0.20 per share and repriced the warrants issued in connection with the August 2021 Note and February 2022 Note to $0.20 per share. Since the consideration was for all the modifications and not just the additional loan, the expense was recorded immediately.

On June 8, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement which extended the due date of the February 22 note until June 30, 2023. On August 8, 2023, the Company entered into a further letter agreement extending the due date of the loan until August 31, 2023. On January 29, 2024, the Holder agreed to a further extension until February 29, 2024, on May 13, 2024, the Holder agreed to a further extension until May 31, 2024, and on August 18, 2025, the Holder agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025.

April 11, 2023, Note

On April 11, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note for the principal sum of $79,250 plus accrued interest (the “April 11, 2023 Note”). The loan bears interest at 8% a year. The note matures on April 11, 2024. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance will bear interest of 22% per annum. The holder has the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the common stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company has the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty is subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of the derivative liability of $75,000 was recorded in debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $4,250 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining debt discount and debt issuance cost balance was expensed since the loan was in default because of a delay in filing the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2023. During the year ended September 30, 2024, on various dates, the $79,250 principal of the loan and accrued interest was converted to 6,953,792 common shares within the terms of the note with no gain or loss. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $0 and accrued interest was $0. In connection with the repayment of the convertible note, the Company extinguished the related derivative liability valued at $76,871.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

April 24, 2023, Note

On April 24, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note in the original principal amount of $54,250 plus accrued interest (the “April 24, 2023 Note”). The loan bears interest at 8% a year. The note matures on April 24, 2024. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date the balance will bear interest of 22% per annum. The holder has the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the common stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company has the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty is subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of derivative liability amounting to $50,000 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $4,250 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining balance in debt discount and debt issuance costs was expensed since the loan was in default because of a delay in filing the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2023. During the year ended September 30, 2024, on various dates, $24,540 principal of the loan and $4,125 of accrued interest was repaid, and $29,710 principal of the loan was converted to 4,481,509 common shares within the terms of the note with no gain or loss. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $0 and accrued interest was $0. In connection with the repayment of the convertible note, the Company extinguished the related derivative liability valued at $40,849.

June 19, 2023, Letter Agreement

On June 19, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement whereby it borrowed a further $75,000 which was added to the May 2022 Note. This loan bears interest at 15% a year and originally matured on July 16, 2023. Our chief executive officer, Dwain K. Irvin, guaranteed repayment of the $75,000 loan. In connection with this loan the Company issued 750,000 warrants at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The initial recognition of the derivative liability was $75,000 which is amortized over the life of the loan. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $75,000 and accrued interest was $17,276.

On August 8, 2023, the Company entered into a further letter agreement extending the due date of the loan until August 31, 2023. On January 31, 2024, the Holder agreed to a further extension until February 29, 2024, on May 13, 2024, the Holder agreed to a further extension until May 31, 2024, and on August 18, 2025, the Holder agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025.

June 20, 2023, Note

On June 20, 2023, The Company issued a convertible promissory note in the original principal amount of $55,000 plus accrued interest (the “June 20, 2023 Note”). The loan bears interest at 8% a year and matures on June 20, 2024. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance will bear interest of 22% per annum. The holder has the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the common stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company has the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty is subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of the derivative liability of $17,937 was recorded in debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $4,250 was recorded in debt discount and amortized of the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining balance in debt discount and debt issuance cost was expensed since the loan was in default because of a delay in filing the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2023.

During the year ended September 30, 2024, on various dates, $33,620 principal of the loan and $6,131 of accrued interest was repaid, and $21,380 principal of the loan was converted to 5,405,711 common shares within the terms of the note with no gain or loss. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $0 and accrued interest was $0. In connection with the repayment of the convertible note, the Company extinguished the related derivative liability valued at $43,074.

August 16, 2023, Note

On August 16, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note in the original principal amount of $55,000 plus accrued interest (the “August 16, 2023, Note”). The note bears interest at 8% a year and matured on August 16, 2024. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance will bear interest of 22% per annum. The holder has the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the common stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company has the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty is subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of the derivative liability of $52,800 was recorded in debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $2,200 was recorded in debt discount and amortized of the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining balance in debt discount and debt issuance cost was expensed since the loan was in default as a result of a delay in filing the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2023.

During the year ended September 30, 2024, on various dates, $21,795 principal of the loan was converted to 5,400,000 common shares within the terms of the note with no gain or loss. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $33,205 and accrued interest was $3,530. The loan is in default and the Company and the Holder are discussing a settlement. The Company has recorded $509,842 as an accrual for its best estimate of the settlement. In connection with the conversion of the convertible note, the Company extinguished the related derivative liability valued at $27,532.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

August 17, 2023, Note

On August 17, 2023, the Company issued a convertible promissory note in the original principal amount of $55,000 plus accrued interest (the “August 17, 2023 Note”). The note bears interest at 8% a year and was to mature on August 17, 2024. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance will bear interest of 22% per annum. The holder has the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to 65% multiplied by the market price. Market price means the average of the three lowest trading prices for the common stock during the fifteen-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The Company has the right to prepay the loan with a prepayment penalty of between 15% and 25% of the total amount owed in the first six months. Thereafter, any prepayment penalty is subject to agreement between the parties. The initial recognition of the derivative liability of $50,000 was recorded in debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $5,000 was recorded in debt discount and amortized of the term of the loan. As of September 30, 2023, the remaining balance in debt discount and debt issuance cost was expensed since the loan was in default as a result of a delay in filing the Company’s report on Form 10-K for the period ending September 30, 2023.

During the year ended September 30, 2024, on various dates, $55,000 principal of the loan and $5,249 of accrued interest was repaid. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $0 and accrued interest was $0. In connection with the repayment of the convertible note, the Company extinguished the related derivative liability valued at $44,660.

December 29, 2023 Letter Agreement

On December 29, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement with the holder of the February 2022 Note. Under this agreement the holder agreed to loan the Company an additional $29,444 to be added to the principal of the February 2022 Note. An initial amount of $10,000 was loaned on December 29, 2023, with the remaining amount of $19,444 loaned to the Company on February 8, 2024. The loan has an original interest discount of 10% and bears interest at 10% per annum. On May 13, 2024, the Holder agreed to a further extension until May 31, 2024. As part of this agreement, the Company agreed to extend the life on each of the warrants previously issued to the holder by two years. On October 16, 2024, the Holder agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $29,444 and accrued interest was $4,028.

February 27, 2024 Note

On February 27, 2024, the Company issued a convertible promissory note in the principal amount up to $100,000 plus accrued interest (the “February 27, 2024 Note”). The note has an original interest discount of 20%, bears interest at 12% per calendar year and was to mature on August 27, 2024. The terms of the note included payment in three tranches on February 27, 2024, March 15, 2024, and April 15, 2024. In case of default in repayment of the outstanding amount on the due date, the balance will bear interest of 18% per annum. The holder has the right, after six months, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at a variable conversion price equal to the lowest trading price for the common stock during the twenty-trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to the conversion date. The initial recognition of the derivative liability of $47,293 was recorded in debt discount and will be amortized over the term of the loan. The debt issuance cost of $5,000 was recorded in debt issuance discount and will be amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as of September 30, 2024, was $0. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $100,000 and accrued interest was $7,783. On August 18, 2025 the Holder agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025.

April 29, 2024 Note

On April 29, 2024, the Company issued a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $25,600 plus accrued interest (the “April 29, 2024 Note”). The note has an original interest discount of 10%, bears interest at 12% per calendar year and matured on October 26, 2024. The April 29, 2024 Note could be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period before conversion. The Company issued 2,500,000 shares as a commitment fee. The April 29, 2024 Note had an original issuance discount amounting to $2,560 and debt issuance cost amounting to $5,000, which were recorded as debt discount and will be amortized over the term of the loan. The commitment fee was valued at $13,750 based on the share price on the date of the agreement, of which $3,096 was expensed immediately, and the value of the derivative was $9,532, of which $2,146 was expensed immediately, and the balance was recorded as debt discount and will be amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024 was $3,697. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $25,600 and accrued interest was $1,289. On August 18, 2025 the Holder agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES (Continued)

May 13, 2024 Note

On May 13, 2024, the Company issued a 12% secured promissory note (the “May 13, 2024 Note”) for the principal sum of $117,000 plus accrued interest. The May 13, 2024 Note matures on November 13, 2024. The May 13, 2024 Note may be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period before conversion. In connection with the loan the Company issued 10,000,000 prefunded warrants, of which 3,000,000 may be repurchased by the Company for $1 if all amounts due to the Holder are paid within 90 days. The net proceeds from this loan were used to pay off the June 20, 2023 Note and the August 17, 2023 Note. The May 13, 2024 Note had an original issuance discount amounting to $11,700 and debt issuance costs of $5,300. The initial recognition of derivative liability of $85,588, of which $28,625 was expensed immediately, and warrant liability amounting to $64,665, of which $21,628 was expensed immediately, was recorded as debt discount and the remaining balance will be amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024 was $27,978. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $117,000 and accrued interest was $5,382.

August 20, 2024 Note

On August 20, 2024, the Company issued a 12% secured promissory note (the “August 20, 2024 Note”) for the principal sum of $45,000 plus accrued interest. The August 20, 2024 Note matures on February 20, 2025. The August 20, 2024 Note may be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period before conversion. The August 20, 2024 Note had an original issuance discount amounting to $4,500, debt issuance costs of $5,000 and the initial recognition of derivative liability of $29,019 and was recorded as debt discount with the balance to be amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024 was $29,936. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $45,000 and accrued interest was $615.

September 18, 2024 Note

On September 13, 2024, the Company issued a 12% secured promissory note (the “September 18, 2024 Note”) for the principal sum of $65,000 plus accrued interest. The September 18, 2024 Note matures on March 18, 2025. The September 18, 2024 Note may be converted, only following an event of default, by the lender into shares of common stock of the Company at the lesser of the lowest trading price during the previous twenty (20) trading day period ending on the issuance date, or during the previous twenty (20) trading day period before conversion. In connection with the loan the Company issued 2,000,000 prefunded warrants. The September 18, 2024 Note had an original issuance discount amounting to $6,500 and debt issuance costs of $8,500. The initial recognition of derivative liability of $89,993, of which $50,374 was expensed immediately, and warrant liability amounting to $19,995, of which $9,574 was expensed immediately, was recorded as debt discount and the remaining balance will be amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024 was $60,691. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $65,000 and accrued interest was $282.

Evaluation of Financing Transactions

We evaluated the financing transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and determined that the conversion feature of the convertible promissory notes was not afforded the exemption for conventional convertible instruments due to their variable conversion rates. The notes have no explicit limit on the number of shares issuable so they did not meet the conditions set forth in current accounting standards for equity classification. The Company elected to recognize the notes under paragraph 815-15-25-4, whereby, there would be a separation into a host contract and derivative instrument. The Company elected to initially and subsequently measure the notes in their entirety at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The Company recorded a derivative liability representing the imputed interest associated with the embedded derivative. The derivative liability is adjusted periodically according to the stock price fluctuations based upon the Binomial lattice model calculation.

The convertible notes issued and described in this Note do not have fixed settlement provisions because their conversion prices are not fixed. The conversion feature has been characterized as a derivative liability to be re-measured at the end of every reporting period with the change in value reported in the statement of operations.

We record the full value of the derivative as a liability at issuance with an offset to valuation discount, which will be amortized over the life of the notes.

For purpose of determining the fair market value of the derivative liability for the embedded conversion, the Company used Binomial lattice valuation model. The significant assumptions used in the Binomial lattice valuation of the derivatives are as follows:

Risk free interest rate		Between 3.6% and 5.5%
Stock volatility factor		Between 176% and 252%
Years to Maturity		Between 6 months and 13 months
Expected dividend yield		None

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Table of Contents

NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

6. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE, RELATED PARTY

July 2022 Note, related party

On July 28, 2022, the Company issued a 12% unsecured promissory note (the “July 2022 Note”) for the principal sum of $12,500 plus accrued interest. All amounts outstanding under the July 2022 Note were payable on the earlier of: (a) October 31, 2022, or (b) the receipt by the Company of debt or equity financing of $3.0 million. The holder has agreed to various extensions on the loan, the most recent being on June 15, 2024, extending the due date until October 31, 2024. The holder has the right, until the date of payment in full of all amounts outstanding, to convert unpaid principal and interest and any other amounts into fully paid shares of common stock of the Company at conversion price of $0.15. The initial recognition of derivative liability of $12,500 was recorded as debt discount and amortized over the term of the loan. The balance in debt discount as on September 30, 2024, was $0. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $12,500 and accrued interest was $3,260.

May 2024 Note, related party

On May 31, 2024, the Company issued an interest free unsecured promissory note (the “May 31, 2024, Note”) for the principal sum of $9,000 to John A. Cassarini, our Chairman. The note has no fixed term and is repayable to the Company upon receipt of debt or equity financing of at least $1.0 million. The note convertible at any time into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $0.11 per share. As of September 30, 2024, the principal balance outstanding was $9,000 and accrued interest was $0.

7. SHORT TERM LOAN, RELATED PARTY

On July 28, 2022, the Company entered into a short-term interest free loan agreement amounting to $12,500, with Jason M. Anderson, an independent member of our board of directors, to fund operations until longer term financing can be obtained by the Company. The loan terms required repayment of all amounts outstanding under the loan on the earlier of: (a) October 31, 2022 or (b) the receipt by the Company of debt or equity financing of $3.0 million.

On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a second interest-free loan agreement with Mr. Anderson amounting to $8,500. The loan does not bear interest (except on default) and was due on the earlier of August 31, 2023, or our receipt of debt or equity financing of at least $3.0 million.

On January 26, 2024, Jason Anderson loaned the Company a further $2,000 to address short-term cash needs. The loan is non-interest bearing and has the same terms as Mr. Anderson’s previous loans discussed above.

On July 22, 2024, Jason Anderson loaned the Company a further $1,000 to address short-term cash needs. The loan is non-interest bearing and has the same terms as Mr. Anderson’s previous loans discussed above.

Mr. Anderson has agreed to various extensions on these loans, the most recent being on September 24, 2024, extending the due date until October 31, 2024.

On December 21, 2023, our Chairman, John A. Cassarini loaned the Company $10,000 to address short-term cash need. Our Chief Financial Officer, Neil J. Laird loaned the Company $1,000. These loans do not bear interest and do not have a specified due date but are expected to be paid in full upon completion of the Sumner transaction or other financing.

For the year ended September 30, 2024, imputed interest of $5,550 on these related party loans was charged to interest expense and credited to additional paid-in capital.

8. WARRANTS

On August 20, 2021, for value received in connection with the August 2021 Note, the Company issued 1,000,000 warrants to the lender with an exercise price of $1.50 per share with a five-year exercise period. On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement in connection with the August 2021 Note, whereby the exercise price of the warrants issued on the August 2021 Note was reduced to $0.20 per share. On December 29, 2023, in connection with the letter agreement discussed above, the life of this warrant was extended by two years.

On February 16, 2022, for value received in connection with the February 2022 Note, the Company issued 500,000 warrants to the lender with an exercise price of $1.50 per share with a five-year exercise period. On February 9, 2023, the Company entered into a letter agreement in connection with the August 2021 Note, whereby the exercise price of the warrants issued on the August 2021 Note was reduced to $0.20 per share. On December 29, 2023, in connection with the letter agreement discussed above, the life of this warrant was extended by two years.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

8. WARRANTS (Continued)

Per guidance in ASC 260, the Company determined that the repricing of warrants discussed above, was an exchange of the existing 1,500,000 warrants and the difference between the fair value of the warrants immediately prior to modification of terms and immediately after the adjustment was as a deemed dividend. The difference between the fair value of the warrants immediately prior to modification of terms and immediately after the adjustment was calculated as $44,241, using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: On February 9, 2023:

Common stock price		$0.165
Risk free interest rate		Between 3.8% and 3.7%
Stock volatility factor		Between 156% and 159%
Years to Maturity		Between 3.2 and 4.1 years
Expected dividend yield		None

On May 10, 2022, for value received in connection with the issuance of the May 2022 Note, the Company issued 1,000,000 warrants to the lender with an exercise price of $0.01 per share with a five-year exercise period. On December 29, 2023, in connection with the letter agreement discussed above, the life of this warrant was extended by two years.

On February 9, 2023, for value received in connection with the issuance of the February 2023 Note and extending the payment terms on previously issued notes, the Company issued 1,000,000 warrants to the lender with an exercise price of $0.20 per share with a five-year exercise period. The fair value of the warrant issued in relation to the letter agreement issued in February 2023, was recorded as stock compensation expense amounting to $148,500. On December 29, 2023, in connection with the letter agreement discussed above, the life of this warrant was extended by two years.

In connection with a letter agreement on June 8, 2023, to extend the due date of the February 2022 Note, the May 2022 Note and the February 2023 letter agreement until June 30, 2023, the Company issued common stock purchase warrants at $0.20 a share with a five-year term. 1,000,000 warrants were issued on June 8, 2023, 500,000 warrants were issued on June 15, 2023, and 500,000 warrants were issued on June 30, 2023. The fair value of the warrant issued in relation to the letter agreement issued on June 2023, was recorded as expense amounting to $238,412. On December 29, 2023, in connection with the letter agreement discussed above, the life of this warrant was extended by two years.

On June 19, 2023, for value received in connection with the issuance of the June 20, 2023, letter agreement, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 750,000 shares of common stock for $0.0001 a share with a seven-year term.

On August 9, 2023, in connection with the extension of the due date of the February 2022 loan, the May 2022 loan, the February 2023 letter agreement and the June 2023 letter agreement, the Company issued 2,000,000 common stock warrants at $0.20 per share with a five-year term. The fair value of this warrant was recorded as an expense of $177,086. This agreement also amended the terms of the previous warrant agreements from cash to cashless exercise. On December 29, 2023, in connection with the letter agreement discussed above, the life of this warrant was extended by two years.

The Company valued the impact of the two-year extension of the term on all of the above warrants using the Black-Scholes model based on the following significant inputs and recorded an expense of $29,000.

	5 Year	7 Year
Common stock price	$0.02	$0.02
Risk free interest rate	Between 3.8% and 4.0%	Between 3.8% and 3.9%
Stock volatility factor	Between 147% and 158%	Between 143% and 152%
Years to Maturity	Between 2.6 and 4.6 years	Between 4.6 and 6.6 years
Expected dividend yield	None	None

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

8. WARRANTS (Continued)

On May 13, 2024, in connection with the May 13, 2024 Note, the Company issued 10,000,000 common stock warrants exercisable at $0.0001 per share with a five-year term. The fair value of this warrant was recorded as warrant expense of $64,665, based on a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs:

Common stock price		$0.0065
Risk free interest rate		4.3%
Stock volatility factor		157%
Years to Maturity		5 years
Expected dividend yield		None

On September 18, 2024, in connection with the September 18, 2024 Note, the Company issued 2,000,000 common stock warrants exercisable at $0.0001 per share with a five-year term. The fair value of this warrant was recorded as warrant expense of $19,999, based on a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs:

Common stock price		$0.01
Risk free interest rate		3.6%
Stock volatility factor		264%
Years to Maturity		7 years
Expected dividend yield		None

On September 30, 2024, the fair value of the derivative liability of the warrants was $154,692 and was $728,991 as of September 30, 2023.

For the purpose of determining the fair market value of the derivative liability for the embedded conversion, the Company used the Binomial lattice valuation model. The significant assumptions used in the Binomial lattice valuation of the derivatives are as follows:

Risk free interest rate		Between 3.6% and 3.7%
Stock volatility factor		Between 153% and 170%
Years to Maturity		Between 3.9 and 7.0 years
Expected dividend yield		None

9. OPTIONS

On June 2, 2020, the Company issued 2,000,000 options, on a post reverse split basis, to purchase common stock to the then directors of the Company as compensation for serving on the board during 2019. These options are exercisable on a cashless basis for a period of ten years from September 30, 2020, at an exercise price of $0.01.

For the purpose of determining the fair market value of the options issued on June 2, 2020, the Company used the Black Scholes valuation model. The significant assumptions used in the Black Scholes valuation model for the options are as follows:

Risk Free Interest Rate		0.32%
Stock Volatility Factor		146.0%
Weighted Average Expected Option Life		5 Years
Expected Dividend Yield		None

On March 13, 2023, the Company entered into non-qualified stock option agreements and granted vested ten-year options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock for $0.175 a share, the closing price on the grant date. The Company issued options to purchase a total of 3,542,857 shares as follows: (a) 857,143 to each of the independent directors, (b) 428,571 to the chief financial officer, and 571,429 to the president of our StemVax Therapeutics subsidiary; (c) 57,143 to each of our scientific advisory board members; and (d) the remaining 542,857 to staff members and other service providers. The Options are 100% vested and exercisable on the grant date and will expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date on March 13, 2033. The stock-based compensation expense of $563,315 relating to the 2023 grants was recorded in the income statement on the grant date as the options are fully vested and exercisable on that date.

For the purpose of determining the fair market value of the options, the Company used the Black Scholes valuation model. The significant assumptions used in the Black Scholes valuation model for the options are as follows:

Risk Free Interest Rate		3.68%
Stock Volatility Factor		146.79%
Weighted Average Expected Option Life		5 Years
Expected Dividend Yield		None

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

9. OPTIONS (Continued)

A summary of the Company’s options activity and related information follows for the period ended September 30, 2023:

	September 30, 2024
			Weighted
	Number		average
	Of		exercise
	Options		price
Outstanding - beginning of period		5,542,857	$	0.115
Granted		-	$	-
Exercised		-	$	-
Forfeited		-	$	-
Outstanding - end of period		5,542,857	$	0.115

At September 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding:

		September 30, 2023
						Weighted
						Average
						Remaining
Exercisable		Options		Options		Contractual
Prices		Outstanding		Exercisable		Life (years)
$	0.01		2,000,000		2,000,000		6.00
$	0.175		3,542,857		3,542,857		8.45
	Total		5,542,857		5,542,857		7.57

10. INCOME TAXES

Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Net deferred tax assets consist of the following components as of September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023
Deferred tax assets:
NOL Carryover	$	5,603,050		$	5,239,461
R&D Credit Carryforward		70,536			46,147
Deferred Compensation		160,699			120,070
Related party accruals		-			40,576
Deferred tax liabilities
Valuation allowance		(5,834,285	)		(5,446,254	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	-		$	-

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

10. INCOME TAXES (Continued)

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income from continuing operations for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 due to the following:

	September 30, 2024			September 30, 2023
Book Income	$	(558,160	)	$	(962,410	)
Nondeductible Other Expenses		245,946			708,725
Other - Return to provision adjustments		(116,451	)		-
Deferred Compensation		40,630			47,620
Related party accrual		-			19,950
Valuation Allowance		388,035			186,115
Income Tax Expense	$	-		$	-

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $26,681,000 that may be offset against future taxable income varying from the year 2024 through 2040 and indefinitely. NOLs of $4,881,000 may be carried forward indefinitely while the balance has a 20 year carryforward. No tax benefit has been reported in the September 30, 2024, consolidated financial statements since the potential tax benefit is offset by a valuation allowance of the same amount.

11. BALANCE SHEET DETAILS

Prepaid expenses consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Insurance	$	28,333	$	28,333
Other		13,000		12,000
Income Tax Expense	$	41,333	$	40,833

Accrued expenses and accrued other current liabilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Accrued liabilities		34,477		11,154
Interest payable		650,303		289,101
Provision for guaranteed commitment fees (1)		1,301,553		1,042,500
Accrued payroll		202,710		3,875
Deferred compensation		765,231		571,763
License Fees Payable		40,402		40,402
Insurance finance liability		26,332		23,772
Stock payable liability (2)		3,291		-
	$	3,024,299	$	1,982,567

(1)

Under the terms of the August 2021 Note, the February 2022 Note, the May 2022 Note, the February 2023 Letter Agreement and the June 19, 2023, Letter Agreement, the Company issued a total of 2,825,000 shares of common stock or pre-funded warrants as commitment fees. If the lender is unable to sell the shares for at least $1,325,000, it may make a one-time claim for each note to be reimbursed for the difference between their sale proceeds and $1,325,000. The difference between the fair value of the 2,825,000 shares as on September 30, 2024, and the guaranteed sale amount was recorded as a provision for guaranteed commitment fees and included in the table above. The change in the in the provision for guaranteed commitment fees for the year ended September 30, 2024 of $259,053 was recorded in other income/(expenses) as commitment fee guarantee.

(2)

The Company had earned common stock shares that had not been issued as of September 30, 2024, due to reserved shares of debt holders that reached total authorized shares. The unissued shares are remeasured at mark-to-market at the end of the period.

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NOVACCESS GLOBAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2024 AND 2023

12. DUE TO RELATED PARTIES

Due to Innovest Global

During the periods prior to the year ended September 30, 2022, Innovest Global, Inc. (“Innovest”) advanced funds to the Company for operating expenses in the amount of $86,217. As of September 30, 2024, the amount has not been reimbursed to Innovest. Our former Chairman Daniel Martin was the CEO of Innovest when the funds were advanced.

Due to TN3 LLC

On January 31, 2022, the Company entered into a preferred stock redemption agreement with Daniel G. Martin, at the time, sole board member and chairman, TN3, LLC, a company owned by Mr. Martin, Dwain K. Irvin, the chief executive officer, and Irvin Consulting, LLC, a company owned by Dr. Irvin. TN3 owned 25,000 shares of the Series B convertible preferred stock. Pursuant to the redemption agreement, on March 14, 2022, NovAccess redeemed 24,400 of the preferred shares and Irvin Consulting purchased 600 of the preferred shares from TN3. The Company also issued to TN3 1,502,670 shares of unregistered common stock, at $ 0.35 amounting to $525,934 which was equal to 10% of our outstanding common stock on the date the redemption agreement was signed. Upon completion of the redemption transaction, the Company was obligated to pay TN3 a total of $250,000 over a period of eleven months, with payment accelerated if the Company raises at least $2.5 million of equity capital. As of September 30, 2024, the Company owed TN3 $95,000 of the redemption price and was in default.

Also in connection with closing the redemption transaction, on March 14, 2022, the Company entered into a common stock distribution agreement with Innovest Global, Inc. Innovest acquired 7.5 million shares of the common stock when Innovest sold StemVax, LLC to NovAccess in September 2020. Pursuant to the stock distribution agreement, Innovest agreed to distribute its NovAccess common stock to Innovest’s shareholders. Innovest has not completed the distribution.

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party to, nor are there any such proceedings known to be contemplated by governmental authorities. None of our directors, officers, or affiliates is involved in a proceeding adverse to our business or has a material interest adverse to our business.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 16, 2024, AJB Capital Investments agreed to a further extension on their loans until October 31, 2024. On October 29, 2024, AJB extended the term of the April 29, 2024, note until October 31, 2024. On August 18, 2025, AJB agreed to an extension until November 1, 2025. On October 23, 2024, AJB increased the principal on the September 18, 2024 note by $11,111 to $76,111 and the Company received $10,000 net of original issuance discount.

On August 21, 2025, AJB agreed to loan the company a principal amount of $250,000 for fixed interest of $15,000. The Company has received funds of $240,337 in the following amounts and dates. $51,507 on August 26, 2025, $10,000 on August 29, 2025, $8,788 on September 12, 2025, $48,314 on September 30, 2025, $9,228 on October 22, 2025, $50,000 on October 31, 2025, $45,000 on November 14, 2025, and $17,500 on December 15, 2025.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

We did not change our accountants or have any reportable disagreements with our accountants in fiscal 2024.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management team, with the participation of our chief executive and financial officer, Dwain K. Irvin, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of NovAccess’ disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under the Securities Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2024. Based upon this evaluation, Dr, Irvin concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2024.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under the Securities Exchange Act, are controls and other procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

On July 24^th, 2024, our CFO, Neil Laord stepped down as CFO and our CEO assumed the role and responsibility of CFO. At this time our board has not identified a new CFO, but is in the process of conducting a search. Our management team, with the participation of Dr. Irvin, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria designated by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013).

Our controls were not effective due to the size of the company and available resources. There are limited personnel to assist with the accounting and financial reporting function, which results in: (i) a lack of segregation of duties and (ii) controls that may not be adequately designed or operating effectively. Despite the existence of material weaknesses, we believe that the financial information presented in this report is materially correct and fairly presents the financial position and operating results of the company for the year ended September 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

On July 24^th, 2024, our CFO, Neil Laird stepped down as CFO and our CEO assumed the role and responsibility of CFO. At this time, our board has not identified a new CFO, but is in the process of conducting a search. Our management team, with the participation of Dr. Irvin, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2024.

There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by the Securities Exchange Act that occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

We have disclosed on Form 8-K all reportable events that occurred in the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

The disclosure required by this item is not applicable to NovAccess.

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Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Board of Directors

Biographical information about our board members is summarized below.

Jason M. Anderson, age 52, is experienced in the fields of biological discovery, genomic modeling, drug development and national security. He joined our board on March 18, 2022. Mr. Anderson is a director and board member of VasGene Therapeutics, Inc. whose drug for the treatment of solid tumor cancer has received Breakthrough Designation by the FDA. He is President of Trility Life Sciences, a California-based Public Benefit Company, whose marketed proprietary polyphenol-enhanced medical food is coded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to manage a patient’s systemic inflammatory responses due to disease-related malnutrition. He was a co-founder and member of the board of EdenRoc Sciences, LLC, a privately held biotechnology company formed to cultivate world-class life sciences start-up companies including Liberty Biosecurity, LLC, where he served as co-founder and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Anderson has co-authored several granted patents in the life sciences that describe how genomic and biological information can be securely disseminated. Mr. Anderson previously served as a diplomat for the United States. He holds a MSc. from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a BA from the University of California, San Diego. Mr. Anderson speaks both Spanish and Chinese (Mandarin).

John A. Cassarini, age 58, has decades of capital markets experience as an investor and portfolio manager. He joined our board on March 14, 2022, and serves as chair of the board. During the past five years he has been a private investor. Prior to that, he managed small-cap portfolios for numerous institutions, including Lehman Brothers, Barclays and Ingalls & Snyder. Mr. Cassarini has a BA in finance from Fordham University and an MBA from Columbia University.

Dwain K. Irvin, PhD, MPH, age 57, is a published researcher and patent author. Dr. Irvin stepped into the CEO role at NovAccess on October 15, 2020, after heading the biotechnology division of Innovest Global, Inc. NovAccess acquired StemVax, LLC from Innovest on September 8, 2020. Dr. Irvin received his PhD from the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, his MPH from UCLA School of Public Health, and trained at The Wallenberg Neuroscience Center at Lund University in Lund, Sweden. He was also a professor, faculty member at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery. Dr. Irvin received his PhD in Molecular & Medical Pharmacology and Developmental Neuroscience with an emphasis on neural stem cell fate and differentiation. His research focused on neural development and notch signaling in mammalian neural stem cells. He also worked as an NIH/NINDS post-doctoral fellow in Dr. Anders Bjorklund’s laboratory in Lund, Sweden. There, his focus was on research projects that investigated the potential role of cell replacement therapy for patients with Parkinson’s disease. They developed several protocols for the efficient generation of dopaminergic neurons from forebrain and ventral midbrain stem and progenitor cells. Dr. Irvin also worked as a research scientist, assistant professor, and faculty member at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery. He led research investigations in the role of adaptive immunity in Parkinson’s disease. He also developed two patents in immunotherapy for brain tumor patients, specifically glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). His research team focused on molecular mechanisms that impart therapeutic resistance in cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, to develop novel immunotherapies for brain tumor patients.

Executive Officers

Information about our CEO and interim CFO Dr. Irvin is included above under Board of Directors.

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Board Committees

Our board of directors formed a separately designated standing audit committee in April 2022. In accordance with its written charter, which was approved and adopted by our board, our audit committee assists the board in fulfilling its responsibility of overseeing the quality and integrity of our accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices. The audit committee is directly responsible for the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm, currently M&K CPAS, PLLC (“M&K”), and is charged with reviewing and approving all services performed for us by M&K and for reviewing the firm’s fees. The audit committee reviews M&K’s internal quality control procedures, reviews all relationships between M&K and NovAccess and its subsidiaries in order to assess the firm’s independence, and monitors compliance with our policy regarding non-audit services, if any, rendered by M&K. In addition, the audit committee ensures the regular rotation of the lead audit partner and concurring partner.

The members of the audit committee are Mr. Cassarini, the committee’s chairman, and Mr. Anderson. The committee met twice in fiscal 2024. Messrs. Cassarini and Anderson are both “independent directors” as defined in the OTCQB Market listing standards. In addition, each member of the audit committee is able to read and understand financial statements, including balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements. Our board has determined that Mr. Cassarini meets the qualifications for designation as a financial expert as defined in SEC rules through his experience as a private investor and managing small-cap portfolios for numerous institutions. The audit committee will review and reassess its charter as needed and will obtain the approval of the board for any proposed changes to the charter.

Because our board of directors has only three members, we do not currently have compensation or nominating committees. Currently our independent directors determine and approve the compensation of our executive officers.

Advisory Board

We have assembled a board of advisors with extensive experience in all aspects of the biopharmaceuticals industry. The advisory board provides our management team with guidance when requested providing us with the benefit of the advisors’ expertise and experience

Renard Currie, MBA, has over twenty years’ experience as a product executive in healthcare information technology. He is currently the senior global director for Infor Inc. Since 2001, he has served as chief operating officer and vice president of product management for leading healthcare IT companies, including KnowMed, Healthvision and Quovadx. Mr. Currie’s leadership turns new ideas into profitable products through building successful cross-functional product development and management teams, fostering a culture of design-driven product development, microservices architecture and beautiful user experience. He has led the effort to develop a multi-tenant interoperability solution with infused artificial intelligence powered by InforOS. He has also led sales, marketing, product management, product development and service organizations of a cloud-based healthcare data platform start-up company. More recently, Mr. Currie’s expertise has focused on software development for successful transition of on-premise products to the cloud. His product development experience includes health interoperability, digital health, health analytics and artificial intelligence.

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Andrew Norris, Ph.D., has a varied background in both business and the technology sectors. He is co-founder of The Midvale Group LLC in 2002, consulting in both the technology and biotechnology sectors. Dr. Norris has also co-founded BCN Biosciences in Pasadena California (2005), which is a privately held biotechnology company whose principal focus is in the area of oncology drug development. Dr. Norris has raised or co-raised over $20 million in funding in the technology and biotechnology sectors. He currently serves as an officer and director at BCN Biosciences and also holds a research faculty position at the University of California Los Angeles Department of Neuropsychiatry. Dr. Norris received his PhD from UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology and Chemistry. His research focused on synthesizing molecular inhibitors against cancer cells. He also trained in the Surgical Oncology Department at UCLA focusing his research on novel drug discovery for breast cancer patients.

Kim Seroogy, Ph.D., is currently Professor of Neurology and Director of The Selma Schottenstein Harris Laboratory for Research in Parkinson’s in the University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute. Dr. Seroogy has over 30 years of research experience deciphering the neurochemical and neurotrophic events underlying Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and depression, focusing on the neuroprotective and neurorestorative roles of select growth factors. Dr. Seroogy’s training included a PhD in Neurobiology from the University of California-Irvine and a NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. His research, published in more than 115 scientific papers, review articles and book chapters, has been funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, and several national foundations. Dr. Seroogy served formerly as President of the Ohio-Miami Valley Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience, Vice Chair of Basic Research, and Director of the University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program. His present work on chronic stress and Parkinson’s disease is funded by the Department of Defense and he currently serves on the scientific advisory board of the Tourette Association of America.

Lachlan Thompson, Ph.D., is a principal research fellow at the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health. He heads a research program dedicated to regenerative approaches to repair of the central nervous system, with a special focus on the use of pluripotent stem cells for functional reconstruction of circuitry affected in Parkinson’s disease, stroke and motor neuron disease. He has contributed more than 50 research papers on this topic in leading journals including the Journal of Neuroscience, Neurobiology of Disease, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Brain and Cell Reports. Dr. Thompson is a partner investigator in the Australian government’s major stem cells initiative where he sits on the committee for clinical translation and commercialization and plays an active role in contributing to policy making on the regulation of experimental stem cell therapies. He also sits on the board of the Network for European CNS Transplantation and Repair and is president of the Asia-Pacific Association for Neural Transplantation and Repair. Dr. Thompson brings a wealth of experience in cutting-edge technology driving pre-clinical research in regenerative approaches to brain repair and also in understanding of the regulatory frameworks governing clinical translation and commercialization of stem cell therapies.

Roscoe M. Moore Jr., PhD provides advisory services to biotech companies. Dr. Moore served with the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and was for the last twelve years of his career responsible for global development within the Office of the Secretary, HHS, for Africa and other low- and middle-income regions. Dr. Moore represented HHS in cooperative international efforts in Africa to address continued health and human resources issues. Dr. Moore was a career officer within the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) entering with the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and rising to the rank of Assistant United States Surgeon General (Rear Admiral, USPHS) within the Immediate Office of the Secretary, HHS. He was selected as Chief Veterinary Medical Officer, USPHS, by Surgeon General C. Everett Koop. Dr. Moore received his Bachelor of Science and Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degrees from Tuskegee Institute; his Master of Public Health degree in Epidemiology from the University of Michigan; and his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins University. He was awarded the Doctor of Science degree (Honoris Causa) in recognition of his distinguished public health career by Tuskegee.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics and business conduct that applies to our directors, advisory board members and officers (including our chief executive and financial officers). Our code of ethics is reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote: (1) honest and ethical conduct; (2) full and accurate disclosure in reports that we file with the SEC; (3) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; (4) the prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to our chief compliance officer; and (5) accountability for adherence to the code. Our code of ethics is available on our website at www.NovAccessGlobal.com.

Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies

We have adopted an insider trading policy that governs the ability of our directors, officers and employees to purchase, sell or dispose of stock or other securities of NovAccess. Under the policy, our board members and executive officers are only permitted to trade in our stock during prescribed “open window” periods and generally only after obtaining pre-clearance for the transaction. None of our directors or executive officers traded our shares or related securities, or entered into an arrangement to trade our securities, in fiscal 2024.

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Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Compensation of Our Executive Officers

The following table summarizes information with respect to compensation earned by our executive officers in fiscal 2024 and 2023.

Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary		Deferred Compensation		All Other Compensation		Total
Dwain K. Irvin (1) Chief Executive Officer	2024	$	—	$	231,400	$	—	$	231,400
	2023		128,900		231,400	$	26,525		386,825

To assist NovAccess conserve cash, Dr. Irvin agreed to defer payment of $231,400 in salary in fiscal 2024 and $231,400 in salary in fiscal 2023. These amounts are reported in the Deferred Compensation column. The amount reported in the All Other Compensation Column reflects payments made by NovAccess for Dr. Irvin’s health, vision and dental insurance.

We do not have employment, retirement or change-of-control agreements with any of our executive officers.

Compensation of Our Directors

Our directors did not receive any compensation for serving as a member of our board in fiscal 2024. On March 13, 2023, we awarded vested ten-year non-qualified stock option to purchase 857,143 shares of the company’s common stock for $0.175 a share, the closing price on the grant date, to each of our independent directors, Jason M. Anderson and John A. Cassarini, for their services as directors. Using the Black Scholes valuation model, we determined that the fair market value of each award was $136,286. For more information about the assumptions underlying our valuation, please see Note 9 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2024. Our independent directors did not receive any other compensation for serving on the board in fiscal 2023. We did not award any options to our chief executive officer Dwain Irvin. Dr. Irvin’s compensation for serving as our CEO is described above under Compensation of Our Executive Officers.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table summarizes information about ownership of our stock by each of our directors and senior executive officers, all of our directors and executive officers as a group, and each other person we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our stock. The information is as of September 30, 2025.

Unless otherwise noted, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table is c/o NovAccess Global Inc., 459 Columbus Ave, #607, New York, NY 10024 .

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We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. Except as indicated by the footnotes, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of stock that they beneficially own, subject to applicable community property laws. Except as indicated by the footnotes, applicable percentage ownership is based on 62,179,436 shares of common stock outstanding.

Shareholder	Shares Held		Percentage
Dwain K. Irvin, Chief Executive Officer (1)		7,800,000		12.5	%
Jason M. Anderson, Independent Director (2)		857,143		1.4	%
John A. Cassarini, Independent Director & Chairman of the Board (2)		857,143		1.4	%
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (3)		9,514,286		15.3	%

Innovest Global, Inc. (4)		7,500,000		12.1	%
Daniel G. Martin (5)		1,252,670		2.0	%
AJB Capital Investments, LLC (6)		25,696,043		41.3	%
Dawn Digital Ltd. (7)		14,795,455		23.8	%

Includes 6.0 million shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of 600 shares of our preferred stock owned by Irvin Consulting, LLC. Dr. Irvin owns Irvin Consulting and is considered to be the beneficial owner of the NovAccess stock owned by Irvin Consulting. The common shares issuable upon conversion of the preferred were added to our outstanding shares to determine Dr. Irvin’s percentage.

Represents options that are currently exercisable for 857,143 shares of our common stock. The common shares issuable upon exercise of their options were added to our outstanding shares to determine Messr. Anderson and Cassarini’s percentage.

Includes Dr. Irvin and Messrs. Anderson and Cassarini. Includes shares of our common stock issuable upon the conversion of preferred stock owned by Irving Consulting, a company owned by Dr. Irvin, and the exercise of options held by Messrs. Anderson and Cassarini.

The address of Innovest Global is 8834 Mayfield Road, Chesterland, Ohio 44026. Innovest has agreed to distribute its shares of NovAccess to the shareholders of Innovest, but the distribution has not yet been completed.

Mr. Martin is the former chief executive officer of NovAccess and his address is 8834 Mayfield Road, Chesterland, Ohio 44026. Does not include 7.5 million common shares owned by Innovest Global, Inc. Mr. Martin is a major shareholder of Innovest.

AJB Capital Investments, LLC is a lender to NovAccess and its address is 4700 Sheridan Street, Suite J, Hollywood, Florida 33031. Includes 5,446,043 shares of our common stock reported by AJB in a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on November 18, 2024, and warrants that are currently exercisable for 20,250,000 shares. The common shares issuable upon exercise of these warrants were added to our outstanding shares to determine AJB’s percentage.

Dawn Digital Ltd. with an address of 85 Great Portland Street, London, England W1W 7LT, is owned by Sumner Global Investment.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table summarizes information about our equity compensation plans at September 30, 2024.

Equity Compensation Plan Category	Shares to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options		Shares Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

Plans approved by security holders (1)		828,571		0.175		1,171,429
Plans not approved by security holders (2)		4,714,286	$	0.105		-
Total		5,542,857	$	0.136		1,171,429

1	On May 12, 2022, our board adopted the NovAccess Global Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, which was approved by our shareholders on November 21, 2022. The plan provides for up to 2.0 million equity grants, including shares, restricted shares, tax qualified options, non-qualified options, stock appreciation rights, and other equity-based grants. The plan allows for grants to the directors, executive officers, other employees, and consultants of NovAccess and its subsidiaries. The term of the plan is ten years. Initially our board of directors will administer grants under the plan, but the board is considering forming a compensation committee to administer the plan. On March 13, 2023, we entered into non-qualified stock option agreements under the plan and granted vested ten-year options to purchase a total of 828,571 shares of the company’s common stock for $0.175 a share, the closing price on the grant date, to our scientific advisory board members and staff members.

2	On June 2, 2020, we issued to each of our former directors (Tom Djokovich, Thomas Anderson, Oz Fundingsland and Mike Russak) a options to purchase up to 500,000 shares of our common stock for $0.01 per share (adjusted for the 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split effective August 25, 2020). On March 13, 2023, we entered into non-qualified stock option agreements and granted vested ten-year options to purchase a total of 2,714,286 shares of the company’s common stock for $0.175 a share, the closing price on the grant date, as follows: (a) 857,143 to each of our independent directors, Jason M. Anderson and John A. Cassarini; (b) 428,571 to Neil J. Laird, our former chief executive officer, and 571,429 to Dr. Christopher Wheeler, president of our StemVax Therapeutics subsidiary.

Code of Ethics and Director Independence

We have adopted a code of ethics and business conduct that applies to our directors, advisory board members and officers (including our chief executive and financial officers). Our code of ethics is reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote: (1) honest and ethical conduct; (2) full and accurate disclosure in reports that we file with the SEC; (3) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations; (4) the prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to our chief compliance officer; and (5) accountability for adherence to the code. Under the code of ethics, directors, advisory board member and executive officers must seek determinations and prior authorizations or approvals of potential conflicts of interest, including transactions with related parties, exclusively from our board of directors. Our code of ethics is available on our website at www.NovAccessGlobal.com.

Board members John A. Cassarini and Jason M. Anderson are both “independent directors” as defined in the OTCQB Market listing standards. Our code of ethics requires board approval of any transaction between NovAccess and our directors, advisory board members or officers that presents a conflict of interest. Our board’s policy is that any transaction with a director, officer or other party related to NovAccess must be reviewed and approved by our board members who are not interested in the transaction. Although our board does not have a formal written policy governing the procedure and standard of review, our board will only approve a related party transaction if the board believes that the transaction is in the best interest of NovAccess and its shareholders.

Fiscal 2024 and Subsequent Related Party Transactions

On January 26, 2024, the Company entered into an interest-free loan agreement with Mr. Jason Anderson, an independent Board Member, amounting to $2,000. Mr. Anderson subsequently loaned the Company, $1,000 on July 22, 2024, $5,000 on December 23, 2024, $5,750 on April 24, 2025, $9,300 on May 24, 2025, $650 on June 30, 2025, and $9,000 on July 24, 2025 . The loans do not bear interest (except on default). Mr. Anderson has agreed to extend the due date of the loans to November 1, 2024, although they are payable earlier upon our receipt of debt or equity financing of at least $3.0 million.

On December 21, 2023, our chairman of the board John A. Cassarini loaned NovAccess $10,000 to address short-term cash needs. Mr. Cassarini subsequently loaned the Company $9,000 on May 31, 2024, $5,000 on December 23, 2024, $2,000 on April 25, 2025, $9,300 on June 23, 2025, and $1,000 on July 24, 2025 . These loans do not bear interest and do not have a specified due date but are expected to be paid in full upon completion of a financing transaction.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

On November 18, 2019, we engaged M&K CPAS, PLLC (“M&K”) to serve as our principal independent registered public accounting firm. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, we paid audit fees to M&K of $21,000 for professional services for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Form 10-K and the review of financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, we paid audit fees to M&K of $37,750 for the same audit services. We did not pay M&K any other audit-related fees, tax fees, or other fees in fiscal 2024 or 2023.

Our audit committee’s charter requires that all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by M&K to NovAccess be pre-approved by the audit committee. Either the board or the audit committee pre-approved all of the services provided by M&K and the payment by us of the fees listed in the paragraph above. The decision to continue M&K’s engagement was approved by our audit committee. M&K had no direct or indirect financial interest in NovAccess that would compromise M&K’s independence in either fiscal 2024 or 2023.

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Part IV

Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) Financial Statement Schedules (see Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data)

(b) Exhibits

Exhibit		Description
3.1		Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Registration Statement Form 10SB12G #000-29621 dated February 18, 2000 and by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s prior Report on Form 8-K/A dated October 29, 2003)
3.2		Amendment to Articles of Incorporation for the increase to authorized shares (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated August 19, 2013)
3.3		Certificate of Designation for Preferred Shares (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated July 2, 2013)
3.4		Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation dated August 25, 2020 to change the name of the Company to “NovAccess Global Inc.” and effectuate a 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s August 25, 2020 Form 8-K)
3.5		Certificate of Designation of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock dated September 4, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s September 4, 2020 Form 8-K)
3.6		Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Registration Statement Form 10SB12G #000-29621 dated February 18, 2000)
10.1+		NovAccess Global Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s May 12, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.2+		2014 XsunX, Inc. Stock Option and Award Plan, dated May 20, 2014 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated May 21, 2014)
10.3		Preferred Stock Purchase and Redemption Agreement dated January 31, 2022 among NovAccess Global Inc., TN3, LLC, Mr. Daniel G. Martin, Irvin Consulting, LLC and Dr. Dwain Morris-Irvin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s December 30, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.4		Membership Interest Purchase Agreement dated June 2, 2020 between the Company and Innovest Global, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s September 30, 2020 Form 10-K)
10.5		Common Stock Distribution Agreement dated March 14, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Innovest Global, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s March 14, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.6		Management Services Agreement between NovAccess Global Inc. and TN3, LLC dated September 4, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s September 4, 2020 Form 8-K)
10.7+		Form of Company Warrant for the Purchase of 500,000,000 Shares of Common Stock dated June 2, 2020 issued to Tom Djokovich, Thomas Anderson, Oz Fundingsland and Mike Russak (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s September 30, 2020 Form 10-K)
10.8		Transition Services Agreement dated June 2, 2020 between the Company and Solar Energy Builders, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s September 30, 2020 Form 10-K)
10.9		Stock Purchase Agreement among XsunX, Inc., Tom Djokovich and TN3, LLC, dated March 18, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s March 31, 2020 Report on Form 10-Q)
10.10		Form of Third Extension Agreement to 12% Note used in connection with the exchange and 18-month extension to a promissory note that had become due September 30, 2015 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 10-K dated January 8, 2016)
10.11		Form of Demand Promissory Note dated December 30, 2021 in the original principal amount of $25,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to each of Dwain K. Morris-Irvin, Neil J. Laird, and Amit Mulchandani (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s December 30, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.12		Loan Agreement for $25,000 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Innovest Global, Inc. dated March 30, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s March 31, 2021 Form 10-Q)
10.13		Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 28, 2021 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Power Up Lending Group Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s May 28, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.14		Convertible Promissory Note dated May 28, 2021 in the original principal amount of $55,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to Power Up Lending Group Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s May 28, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.15		Securities Purchase Agreement dated July 6, 2021 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Power Up Lending Group Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s July 6, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.16		Convertible Promissory Note dated July 6, 2021 in the original principal amount of $38,750 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to Power Up Lending Group Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s July 6, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.17		Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 20, 2021 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s August 20, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.18		Promissory Note dated August 20, 2021 in the original principal amount of $500,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s August 20, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.19		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated August 20, 2021 for 1.0 million shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s August 20, 2021 Form 8-K)

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Exhibit		Description
10.20		Security Agreement dated August 20, 2021 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s August 20, 2021 Form 8-K)
10.21		Securities Purchase Agreement dated February 15, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s February 15, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.22		Promissory Note dated February 15, 2022 in the original principal amount of $250,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s February 15, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.23		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated February 15, 2022 for 500,000 shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc., to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s February 15, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.24		Security Agreement dated February 15, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s February 15, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.25		Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 5, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s May 5, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.26		Promissory Note dated May 5, 2022 in the original principal amount of $1,000,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s May 5, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.27		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated May 5, 2022 for 1,000,00,000 shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s May 5, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.28		Security Agreement dated May 5, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s May 5, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.29		Registration Rights Agreement dated May 5, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s May 5, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.30		Form of Convertible 10% Promissory Note issued on November 20, 2014, used in connection with the sale of a convertible promissory note in an amount up to $400,000 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated November 26, 2014)
10.31		Form of Addendum extending the maturity date to April 13, 2018 for a Convertible 10% Promissory Note issued on November 20, 2014, used in connection with the sale of a convertible promissory note in an amount up to $400,000 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 10-K dated December 14, 2016)
10.32		Form of Convertible Promissory Notes issued to four members of the Board of Directors dated October 1, 2013 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated November 12, 2013)
10.33		Form of 10% Promissory Note issued on August 5, 2014, used in connection with establishing access to interim financing requirements for solar system installations (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 10-Q dated August 18, 2014)
10.34		Form of Convertible 10% Promissory Note issued on May 12, 2017, used in connection with the sale of a convertible promissory note in an amount up to $150,000 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 10-Q dated May 15, 2017)
10.35		Form of Addendum extending the maturity date to May 12, 2022 for a Convertible 10% Promissory Note issued on May 12, 2017, used in connection with the sale of a convertible promissory note in an amount up to $150,000 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 10-K dated January 7, 2019)
10.36		Form of Convertible 10% Promissory Note issued on May 8, 2018, used in connection with the sale of a convertible promissory note in the amount of $25,000 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 8-K dated May 14, 2018)
10.37		Form of Convertible 10% Promissory Note issued on August 6, 2018, used in connection with the sale of a convertible promissory note in the amount of $30,000 (incorporated by reference to exhibits included with the Company’s Report on Form 10-Q filed dated August 14, 2018)
10.38		Interest Free Loan Agreement dated July 28, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Jason M. Anderson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s August 2, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.39		Convertible Promissory Note dated July 28, 2022 in the original principal amount of up to $25,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to Letzhangout, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s August 2, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.40		Convertible Promissory Note dated August 8, 2022 in the original principal amount of $100,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to Nyla Sakakura-Clark (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s August 9, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.41		Securities Purchase Agreement dated September 22, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s September 29, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.42		Convertible Promissory Note dated September 22, 2022 in the original principal amount of $79,250 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s September 29, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.43		Securities Purchase Agreement dated November 1, 2022 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s November 9, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.44		Convertible Promissory Note dated November 1, 2022 in the original principal amount of $55,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s November 9, 2022 Form 8-K)
10.45		Letter Agreement dated January 20, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s January 23, 2023 8-K)
10.46		Interest Free Loan Agreement dated February 9, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Jason M. Anderson (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s February 13, 2023 8-K)
10.47		Letter Agreement dated February 9, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s February 13, 2023 8-K)

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Exhibit		Description
10.48		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated February 9, 2023 for 1,000,000 shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s February 13, 2023 8-K)
10.49		Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 11, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s April 18, 2023 8-K)
10.50		Convertible Promissory Note dated April 11, 2023 in the original principal amount of $79,250 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s April 18, 2023 8-K)
10.51		Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 24, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s May 2, 2023 8-K)
10.52		Convertible Promissory Note dated April 24, 2023 in the original principal amount of $54,250 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s May 2, 2023 8-K)
10.53		Letter Agreement dated June 8, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s June 12, 2023 8-K)
10.54		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated June 8, 2023 for 1,000,000 shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s June 12, 2023 8-K)
10.55		Letter Agreement dated June 19, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s June 23, 2023 8-K)
10.56		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated June 19, 2023 for 750,000 shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s June 23, 2023 8-K)
10.57		Securities Purchase Agreement dated June 20, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s June 30, 2023 8-K)
10.58		Convertible Promissory Note dated June 20, 2023 in the original principal amount of $54,250 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s June 30, 2023 8-K)
10.59		Letter Agreement dated August 9, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s August 14, 2023 8-K)
10.60		Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated August 9, 2023 for 2,000,000 shares issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s August 14, 2023 8-K)
10.61		Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 16, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 13 Paul Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s August 18, 2023 8-K)
10.62		Convertible Promissory Note dated August 16, 2023 in the original principal amount of $55,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 13 Paul Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s August 18, 2023 8-K)
10.63		Securities Purchase Agreement dated August 17, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s August 18, 2023 8-K)
10.64		Convertible Promissory Note dated August 17, 2023 in the original principal amount of $55,000 issued by NovAccess Global Inc. to 1800 Diagonal Lending LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s August 18, 2023 8-K)
10.65		NovAccess Global Common Stock Offering Term Sheet dated September 1, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Sumner Investment Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 20.1 to the Company’s September 11, 2023 8-K)
10.66		Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 29, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and Sumner Global LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s January 2, 2024 8-K)
10.67		Letter Agreement dated December 29, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s January 2, 2024 8-K)
10.68		Letter Agreement dated December 29, 2023 between NovAccess Global Inc. and AJB Capital Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s January 5, 2024 8-K)
21.1		Subsidiaries of NovAccess Global Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed June 23, 2022)
31.1*		Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act — Dwain K. Irvin
32.1*		Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Included with this filing.
+	Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

Not required.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the NovAccess has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	NovAccess Global Inc.

Date: January 14, 2026	/s/ Dwain K. Irvin
	By Dwain K. Irvin, Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: January 14, 2026	/s/ John A. Cassarini
	John A. Cassarini, Independent Director and Chairman of the Board

Date: January 14, 2026	/s/ Dwain K. Irvin
	Dwain K. Irvin, Chief Executive Officer, Interim Chief Financial Officer, and Director
	(Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: January 14, 2026	/s/ Jason M. Anderson
	Jason M. Anderson, Independent Director

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