UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File No. 333-132456

Byrna Technologies Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		71-1050654
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
organization)
100 Burtt Road, Suite 115
Andover, MA 01810
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code)

(978) 868-5011
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.001, par value per share	BYRN	Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of ~~October~~ April 9, ~~2025~~2026, the Company had 22,~~725~~685,~~515~~654 outstanding shares of common stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		2
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2025 (unaudited) and November 30, 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2026 (unaudited) and November 30, 2025	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2026 and 2025 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2026 and 2025 (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended February 28, 2026 and 2025 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1922
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	2526
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	2526
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		2627
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	2627
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	2627
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	2627
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	2627
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	2627
Item 5.	Other Information	2627
Item 6.	Exhibits	2728
SIGNATURES		2829

PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	August 31,			November 30,
	February 28,			November 30,
	2025			2024
	2026			2025
	Unaudited
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	67,~~495~~452		$	1613,~~829~~727
Accounts receivable, net		811,~~872~~561			210,~~630~~840
Inventory, net		34,106			19,972
Restricted cash - current		400			—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,402			2,623
Inventory, net		33,099			32,694
Marketable debt securities		2,501			8,904
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,082			4,681
Total current assets		57,376			50,958
Marketable debt securities		1,755			1,754
Total current assets		59,349			63,696
LONG TERM ASSETS
Deposits for equipment		21,~~642~~852			21,~~665~~495
Right-of-use-assets, net		21,~~117~~879			2,~~452~~042
Property and equipment, net		67,~~780~~419			37,~~408~~726
Intangible assets, net		3,~~151~~021			3,~~337~~086
Goodwill		2,258			2,258
Deferred tax asset		4,187			5,837
Deferred tax asset, net		3,990			4,134
Other assets		51132			~~1,007~~51
TOTAL ASSETS	$	7879,~~562~~900		$	7184,~~922~~488
LIABILITIES
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1210,~~698~~775		$	1315,~~108~~864
Operating lease liabilities, current		~~672~~751			~~539~~734
Deferred revenue, current		~~249~~445			~~1,791~~496
Total current liabilities		1311,~~619~~971			1517,~~438~~094
LONG TERM LIABILITIES
Deferred revenue, non-current		4022			1725
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		1,~~760~~419			21,~~098~~612
Total liabilities		1513,~~419~~412			1718,~~553~~731
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 21)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued		—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized. 25,214,110 shares issued and 22,694,966 shares outstanding as of August 31, 2025, and 25,010,976 shares issued and 22,495,759 outstanding as of November 30, 2024		25			25
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized. 25,322,923 shares issued and 22,684,340 shares outstanding as of February 28, 2026, and 25,258,393 shares issued and 22,678,715 outstanding as of November 30, 2025		25			25
Additional paid-in capital		~~135~~136,~~480~~398			~~133~~135,~~029~~870
Treasury stock (2,519,144 and 2,515,217 shares purchased as of August 31, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively)		(21,308	)		(21,253	)
Treasury stock (2,638,583 and 2,579,678 shares purchased as of February 28, 2026 and November 30, 2025, respectively)		(23,308	)		(22,355	)
Accumulated deficit		(5046,~~459~~295	)		(5647,~~783~~096	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(~~595~~332	)		(~~649~~687	)
Total Stockholders’ Equity		6366,~~143~~488			5465,~~369~~757
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	7879,~~562~~900		$	7184,~~922~~488

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Amounts in thousands except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended						~~For the Nine Months Ended~~
	August 31,						August 31,
	February 28,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
	2026			2025
Net revenue	$	2829,~~179~~049		$	2026,~~854~~190		$	~~82,874~~		$	~~57,777~~
Cost of goods sold		11,~~257~~648			710,~~842~~266			~~32,464~~			~~22,566~~
Gross profit		1617,~~922~~401			1315,~~012~~924			~~50,410~~			~~35,211~~
Operating expenses		1416,~~059~~473			1214,~~184~~228			~~42,525~~			~~32,633~~
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		~~2,863~~928			~~828~~1,696			~~7,885~~			~~2,578~~
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Foreign currency transaction loss		(91238	)		(~~103~~80	)		~~(305~~	)		~~(381~~	)
Interest income		97			281			400			883
Interest income, net		88			186
Loss from joint venture		-			(62	)		-			(42	)
Other income		19			-
Other (loss) income		(6	)		3			10			7
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		797			1,802
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		2,863			947			7,990			3,045
Income tax benefit (provision)		4			(140	)
Income tax (provision) benefit		(628	)		78			(1,666	)		75
NET INCOME		801			1,662
NET INCOME		2,235			1,025			6,324			3,120
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		354			(130	)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		82			381			27			410
Unrealized gain on marketable debt securities		1			60
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable debt securities		(51	)		-			27			-
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	1,156		$	1,592
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	2,266		$	1,406		$	6,378		$	3,530
Basic net income per share	$	0.04		$	0.07
Basic net income per share	$	0.10		$	0.05		$	0.28		$	0.14
Diluted net income per share	$	0.03		$	0.07
Diluted net income per share	$	0.09		$	0.04		$	0.26		$	0.14
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic		22,667,850			22,587,099
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic		22,691,574			22,758,155			22,649,525			22,509,018
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted		23,829,637			24,098,635
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted		24,103,760			23,410,159			24,147,430			23,072,498

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	For the Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	February 28,
	2025			2024
	2026			2025
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income for the period	$	~~6,324~~801		$	31,~~120~~662
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense		~~2,297~~535			~~2,615~~840
Depreciation and amortization		~~1,617~~635			~~1,113~~440
Loss on disposal		607			—
Operating lease costs		163			234
Amortization of debt issuance costs		—			4
Deferred tax provision (asset)		144			369
Operating lease costs		513			483
Allowance for expected credit losses		360			—
Loss from joint venture		—			42
Recovery of allowance for inventory		(76	)		—
Deferred tax provision		1,650			—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(~~6,242~~856	)		~~817~~(270	)
Deferred revenue		(~~1,519~~54	)		(1,~~089~~315	)
Inventory		(~~14,134~~329	)		(53,~~907~~210	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(~~1,857~~401	)		(~~1,199~~460	)
Other assets		34(81	)		—(40	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(~~410~~5,089	)		4(1,~~966~~925	)
Operating lease liabilities		(~~383~~176	)		(~~486~~102	)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES		(11,503	)		4,479
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES		(4,424	)		(3,777	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment		(~~5,830~~621	)		(12,~~382~~642	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		67
Purchases of marketable debt securities		—			(2,656	)
Proceeds from sale of marketable debt securities		6,352			—
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(621	)		(5,298	)
Acquisition of Federal Firearms License		(6	)		—
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES		583			(1,382	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from stock option exercises		~~296~~—			~~149~~93
Repurchase of common stock		(55953	)		~~(3,247~~—	)
Payment of taxes withheld on issuance of restricted stock units		(~~142~~7	)		(~~826~~67	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES		99			(3,924	)
NET CASH (USED IN) PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(960	)		26
Effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes		~~487~~130			~~406~~(111	)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS FOR THE PERIOD		(10,334	)		(421	)
NET DECREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH FOR THE PERIOD		(5,875	)		(9,160	)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD		16,829			20,498
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD		13,727			16,829
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	$	6,495		$	20,077
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	7,852		$	7,669
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	7,452		$	7,669
Restricted cash, end of period		400			—
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD	$	7,852		$	7,669

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three ~~and Nine~~ Months Ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August 31, 2024~~2025

(Amounts in thousands except share numbers)

(Unaudited)

					Additional			Treasury									Accumulated Other
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Stock						Accumulated			Comprehensive
	Shares		$		Capital			Shares			$			Deficit			Loss			Total
Balance, May 31, 2025		25,197,613	$	25	$	134,739			(2,519,144	)	$	(21,308	)	$	(52,694	)	$	(626	)	$	60,136
Balance, November 30, 2025		25,258,393	$	25	$	135,870			(2,579,678	)	$	(22,355	)	$	(47,096	)	$	(687	)	$	65,757
Stock-based compensation		—		—		~~734~~535			—			—			—			—			~~734~~535
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options		12,923		—		62			—			—			—			—			62
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		64,530		—		(7	)		—			—			—			—			(7	)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		3,574		—		(55	)		—			—			—			—			(55	)
Repurchase of common shares under StockBuyback Plan		—		—		—			(58,905	)		(953	)		—			—			(953	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			~~2,235~~801			—			~~2,235~~801
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		—		—		—			—			—			—			(51	)		(51	)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—		—		—			—			—			—			1			1
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—			—			—			—			82354			82354
Balance, August 31, 2025		25,214,110	$	25	$	135,480			(2,519,144	)	$	(21,308	)	$	(50,459	)	$	(595	)	$	63,143
Balance, February 28, 2026		25,322,923	$	25	$	136,398			(2,638,583	)	$	(23,308	)	$	(46,295	)	$	(332	)	$	66,488
Balance, May 31, 2024		24,964,787	$	24	$	131,550			(2,187,892	)	$	(17,753	)	$	(67,481	)	$	(1,027	)	$	45,313
Balance, November 30, 2024		25,010,976	$	25	$	133,029			(2,515,217	)	$	(21,253	)	$	(56,783	)	$	(649	)	$	54,369
Stock-based compensation		—		—		~~819~~840			—			—			—			—			~~819~~840
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options		1274,~~635~~551		—		2193			—			—			—			—			2193
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		—96,925		—		(2667	)		—			—			—			—			(2667	)
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—			(291,141	)		(2,994	)		—			—			(2,994	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			1,662			—			1,662
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			1,025			—			1,025
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—		—		—			—			—			—			60			60
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—			—			—			—			~~381~~(130	)		~~381~~(130	)
Balance, August 31, 2024		24,977,422	$	24	$	132,364			(2,479,033	)	$	(20,747	)	$	(66,456	)	$	(646	)	$	44,539
Balance, February 28, 2025		25,182,452	$	25	$	133,895			(2,515,217	)	$	(21,253	)	$	(55,121	)	$	(719	)	$	56,827

					Additional			Treasury									Accumulated Other
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Stock						Accumulated			Comprehensive
	Shares		$		Capital			Shares			$			Deficit			Loss			Total
Balance, November 30, 2024		25,010,976	$	25	$	133,029			(2,515,217	)	$	(21,253	)	$	(56,783	)	$	(649	)	$	54,369
Stock-based compensation		—		—		2,297			—			—			—			—			2,297
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options		100,194		—		296			—			—			—			—			296
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		102,940		—		(142	)		—			—			—			—			(142	)
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—			(3,927	)		(55	)		—			—			(55	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			6,324			—			6,324
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		—		—		—			—			—			—			27			27
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—			—			—			—			27			27
Balance, August 31, 2025		25,214,110	$	25	$	135,480			(2,519,144	)	$	(21,308	)	$	(50,459	)	$	(595	)	$	63,143
Balance, November 30, 2023		24,168,014	$	24	$	130,426			(2,165,987	)	$	(17,500	)	$	(69,575	)	$	(1,056	)	$	42,319
Stock-based compensation		—		—		2,615			—			—			—			—			2,615
Issuance of common stock pursuant to exercise of stock options		220,067		—		149			—			—			—			—			149
Issuance of common stock pursuant to vesting of restricted stock units		589,341		—		(826	)		—			—			—			—			(826	)
Repurchase of common shares		—		—		—			(313,046	)		(3,247	)		—			—			(3,247	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			3,120			—			3,120
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—			—			—			—			410			410
Balance, August 31, 2024		24,977,422	$	24	$	132,364			(2,479,033	)	$	(20,747	)	$	(66,456	)	$	(646	)	$	44,539

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

BYRNA TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

For the Three ~~and Nine~~ Months Ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025

1.	NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Byrna Technologies Inc. (the “Company,” or “Byrna,”) is a less‑lethal defense technology company, specializing in next generation ~~alternatives~~solutions tofor ~~traditional~~security ~~firearms~~situations ~~without~~that do not require the ~~risk~~use of ~~taking~~lethal ~~a life~~force. The Company's ~~launchers~~designs, ~~can~~develops, bemanufactures, ~~used~~and markets a portfolio of personal security devices, kinetic and chemical irritant projectiles, and related accessories for ~~self-defense~~consumer, law enforcement, private security, and other institutional markets. Byrna personal security devices are less-lethal self-defense devices that are powered by ~~consumers~~CO2 inand ~~all~~fire 50.61 ~~states~~and ~~without~~.68 acaliber ~~firearms~~spherical ~~license,~~kinetic ~~subject~~and tochemical ~~local~~irritant ~~regulations~~projectiles. The Company’s ~~also~~mission ~~sells~~is ~~accessories,~~to ~~pepper~~provide ~~sprays~~effective, easy‑to‑use, and ~~other~~reliable ~~personal~~less‑lethal ~~safety~~solutions ~~tools.~~that ~~Most~~enable ofresponsible ~~the sales~~self‑defense ~~are~~and tode‑escalation. ~~consumers~~The inCompany ~~the~~sells ~~United~~its ~~States~~products ~~via~~through ~~the~~multiple ~~Company's~~channels including its e-‑commerce ~~site~~website, ~~its~~ Amazon ~~storefront~~storefronts, ~~its~~Company‑operated ~~four~~retail ~~Company~~stores, ~~owned brick~~domestic and ~~mortar locations~~international dealers and distributors, and ~~through~~direct ~~retailers,~~sales ~~including~~to ~~big~~law ~~box~~enforcement ~~stores~~agencies. The Company'’s products ~~also may~~are bemanufactured ~~sold~~at toits ~~private~~facilities ~~security~~in ~~and~~Fort ~~public~~Wayne, ~~security officers~~Indiana. ~~Since~~The ~~2020~~Company previously operated a manufacturing facility in Pretoria, ~~the~~ ~~Company has~~South ~~not~~Africa; ~~manufactured~~these oroperations ~~sold~~ceased ~~any~~during ~~products~~the tothird orquarter ~~for~~of ~~use~~fiscal by2025, and the ~~military~~related lease was not renewed. ~~The~~In March 2025, the Company ~~operates~~established ~~three~~a ~~manufacturing~~wholly ~~facilities:~~owned asubsidiary, 30Byrna Technologies Canada Inc.,~~000 square~~ ~~foot~~to ~~facility located~~support inthe ~~Fort~~distribution ~~Wayne,~~of ~~Indiana;~~Byrna aproducts ~~10,000 square~~within ~~foot~~the ~~facility located~~Canadian inmarket. ~~Fort~~Byrna ~~Wayne,~~Canada ~~Indiana;~~does not conduct manufacturing activities and adoes ~~20,000~~not ~~square~~operate ~~foot~~any ~~manufacturing~~owned ~~facility~~or ~~located~~leased infacilities; ~~Pretoria~~instead, ~~South~~it ~~Africa. The~~utilizes ~~facility~~a inthird‑party ~~South~~logistics ~~Africa~~provider ~~has~~to ~~ceased~~fulfill ~~manufacturing~~customer ~~operations~~orders ~~during~~placed through the ~~third~~Company’s ~~quarter~~Canadian ofe‑commerce ~~2025~~platform.

The Company operates and reports its results through two reportable sales channels: Direct‑to‑Consumer(“DTC”) and Wholesale (dealer/distributors).

2.	OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT PLANS

As of ~~August~~ February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, the Company ~~has~~had ~~incurred~~ an accumulated deficit of approximately $5046.5 3 million. The Company has historically funded its operations primarily through the issuance of the Company'’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) ~~until reaching profitability~~. The Company generated net income of $60.3 8 million for the ~~nine~~ three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026. The Company’s future ~~success~~results iswill ~~dependent~~depend ~~upon~~on its ability to continue togenerating ~~raise~~ sufficient ~~capital~~revenue ~~or generate adequate revenues,~~ to ~~cover~~fund ~~its ongoing~~ operating expenses, and ~~also~~ to ~~continue~~effectively ~~to develop and be able to profitably~~ market its products.

3.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025 include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”); however, such information reflects all adjustments consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, ~~2024~~2025. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the results of its operations for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025, and its cash flows for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ ~~31, 2024~~2025 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the prior-year financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform with the presentation in the current-year financial statements. These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported net income, total assets, or cash flows.

4.	USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates include assumptions about reserves for sales returns, allowances, and discounts, stock-based compensation expense, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, incremental borrowing rate on leases, useful life of long-lived assets, ~~inventory reserves, and~~ allowance for estimated credit losses, and inventory reserves.

5.	RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs"). ASUs not discussed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective December 1, 2025, the Company early adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2025‑05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The ASU provides a practical expedient that permits entities to assume that economic conditions existing as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged when estimating expected credit losses on current trade receivables and contract assets. The Company elected this practical expedient and applied the guidance prospectively. The adoption of ASU 2025‑05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued but Not Adopted

~~The~~In 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-~~07:~~09, ~~Segment~~Income ~~Reporting~~Taxes (Topic ~~280~~740): - Improvements to ~~Reportable~~Income ~~Segment~~Tax Disclosures. This update ~~requires~~standardizes ~~expanded~~categories ~~annual and interim disclosures~~ for ~~significant~~the ~~segment~~effective ~~expenses~~tax ~~that~~rate ~~are~~reconciliation, ~~regularly~~requires ~~provided~~disaggregation toof ~~the~~income ~~chief~~taxes ~~operating decision maker~~ and ~~included~~additional ~~within~~income ~~each~~tax-related ~~reported measure of segment profit or loss~~disclosures. This update ~~will~~is required to be effective for ~~fiscal~~the ~~years~~Company ~~beginning after December 15, 2023, and~~ for ~~interim periods within~~ fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, ~~and~~which isfor ~~to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in~~ the ~~financial statements. The~~ Company will ~~reflect~~be ~~any needed changes in its annual financial statements for~~ the year ended November 30, ~~2025,~~2026. While ~~and~~the ~~believes~~Company anticipates that the adoption of ~~ASU~~this ~~2023-07~~standard will require additional disclosures, it does not expect it to have a material impact on the ~~consolidated~~Company's financial ~~statements~~position ~~other~~or ~~than~~results ~~expanded~~of ~~disclosures~~operations.

In March ~~2023~~2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU ~~2023~~2024-0903, Income ~~Taxes~~Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (~~Topic~~Subtopic ~~740~~220-40): ~~Improvements~~Disaggregation toof Income ~~Tax~~Statement ~~Disclosures~~Expenses (as clarified by ASU 2025-01). This ~~update~~guidance ~~standardizes~~focuses ~~categories~~on ~~for~~ the ~~effective~~disaggregation ~~tax~~of ~~rate~~income ~~reconciliation,~~statement expenses. This update requires ~~disaggregation~~entities to provide more detailed disclosures about the components of ~~income~~significant ~~taxes~~expense ~~and~~categories, ~~additional~~enhancing ~~income~~the ~~tax~~transparency and decision-~~related~~usefulness ~~disclosures~~of financial statements. ~~This~~The ~~update~~objective is ~~required~~ to beprovide ~~effective~~users ~~for~~with a clearer understanding of the ~~Company~~nature and variability of expenses reported in the income statement. The standard is effective for annual periods of fiscal years beginning after December 15, ~~2024~~2026, ~~which~~and ~~for~~interim ~~the~~periods ~~Company~~in ~~will~~years bebeginning ~~the year ended~~after ~~November~~December 3015, ~~2026~~2027, with early adoption permitted. ~~The~~While the Company isanticipates ~~evaluating~~that the ~~effect~~adoption ~~that~~of ~~ASU~~this ~~2023-09~~standard will require additional disclosures, it does not expect it to have a material impact on ~~its~~the Company's financial ~~statements~~position ~~and~~or ~~disclosures~~results of operations.

In March 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (as clarified by ASU 2025-01). This guidance focuses on the disaggregation of income statement expenses. This update requires entities to provide more detailed disclosures about the components of significant expense categories, enhancing the transparency and decision-usefulness of financial statements. The objective is to provide users with a clearer understanding of the nature and variability of expenses reported in the income statement. The standard is effective for annual periods of fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods in years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its financial statement disclosures. While the Company anticipates that the adoption of this standard will require additional disclosures, it does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2025-05, which addresses the measurement of credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets. This update introduces a practical expedient that allows entities to assume that current conditions will remain unchanged until the maturity of the asset, simplifying the estimation of expected credit losses. ASU 2025-05 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and for interim periods thereafter, requiring prospective application to estimates of expected credit losses post-adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2025-05 will have on its financial statements and disclosures. While it is too early to determine the specific effects, the Company anticipates that the adoption may improve the relevance and usability of the financial information provided to users without having a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

6.	Goodwill

Goodwill resulting from a business combination is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances ~~occur~~indicate that ~~would more likely than not reduce~~ the fair value of a reporting unit may ~~below~~be less than its carrying amount. The Company ~~has~~performs ~~the~~its ~~option~~annual togoodwill ~~perform~~impairment ~~a qualitative~~ assessment ~~over~~during ~~goodwill when events occur or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce~~ the ~~fair~~fourth ~~value~~quarter of aeach ~~reporting~~fiscal ~~unit or to bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative goodwill impairment test~~year. IfAs ~~the~~of ~~Company~~three ~~concludes,~~months ~~based~~ended February ~~on the qualitative assessment~~28, ~~that~~2026 ~~the~~and ~~carrying value of a reporting unit would more likely than not exceed its fair value~~2025, ~~a quantitative assessment is performed which is based upon a comparison of~~ the ~~reporting unit’s fair value to its carrying value. The fair values used in this evaluation are estimated by the~~ Company ~~based~~determined ~~upon~~that ~~future~~there ~~discounted~~were ~~cash~~no ~~flow~~indicators ~~projections for the reporting unit. An impairment charge is recognized for any amount by which the carrying amount~~ of goodwill ~~exceeds its fair value~~impairment.

The Company assesses goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. The Company’s operations constitute a single reporting unit and goodwill is assessed for impairment at the Company level as a whole.

7.	MARKETABLE DEBT SECURITIES

Marketable debt securities consist of U.S. Treasury Securities and Corporate Bonds. Management determines the appropriate classification of these securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. The Company classifies its investments as available-for-sale pursuant to ASC 320, Investments—Debt Securities. Investments are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity and a component of total comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, until realized. Realized gains and losses are included in investment income on a specific-identification basis. The Company estimates expected credit losses for investments when unrealized losses exist. Unrealized losses that are credit related are recognized in net income and unrealized losses that are not credit related are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, there were realized gains on investments of less than $0.1 million. There ~~For~~were no realized gains or losses on investments for the three ~~and~~months ~~nine~~ended February 28, 2025. For the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, 2026 and 2025, there were net unrealized gains on marketable debt securities of less than $0.1 million in both periods.

The following table summarizes our marketable securities and available-for-sale investments as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~ 2026 (in thousands):

	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Investments
Corporate bonds	$	~~1,475~~737	$	2012	$	-	$	~~1,495~~749	$	~~1,495~~749
U.S. Treasury securities		999		7		-		1,006		1,006
Total	$	21,~~474~~736	$	2719	$	-	$	21,~~501~~755	$	21,~~501~~755

	August 31, 2025
	Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year or less	$	1,475	$	1,495
Due after one year through five years		999		1,006
	$	2,474	$	2,501

The following table summarizes our marketable securities and available-for-sale investments as of November 30, 2025 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes our marketable securities and available-for-sale investments as of November 30, 2024 (in thousands):

	*Cost*		*Unrealized Gains*		*Unrealized Losses*		*Fair Value*		*Investments*
Corporate bonds	$	737	$	11	$	-	$	748	$	748
U.S. Treasury securities		999		7		-		1,006		1,006
Total	$	1,736	$	18	$	-	$	1,754	$	1,754

	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Investments
Corporate bonds	$	2,950	$	18	$	-	$	2,968	$	2,968
U.S. Treasury securities		5,889		47		-		5,936		5,936
Total	$	8,839	$	65	$	-	$	8,904	$	8,904

Fair Value Measurement

The Company follows a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

● Level 1- Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

● Level 2- Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

● Level 3- Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

The following table summarizes the fair value of marketable debt securities by level within the fair value hierarchy as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026:

					August 31, 2025
					February 28, 2026
					Fair Value Measurement Based on
					Quoted Prices in Active Market		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Cost		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash equivalents	$	~~551~~4,668	$	~~551~~4,668	$	~~551~~4,668	$	-	$	-
Corporate bonds		~~1,475~~737		~~1,495~~749		-		~~1,495~~749		-
U.S. Treasury securities		999		1,006		-		1,006		-
Total	$	36,~~025~~404	$	36,~~052~~423	$	~~551~~4,668	$	21,~~501~~755	$	-

The following table summarizes the fair value of marketable debt securities by level within the fair value hierarchy as of November 30, ~~2024~~2025:

November 30, 2024

November 30, 2025

Fair Value Measurement Based on

Quoted Prices in Active Market

Significant Other Observable Inputs

Significant Unobservable Inputs

Cost

Fair Value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Cash equivalents

115,~~304~~043

Corporate bonds

~~2,950~~737

~~2,968~~748

U.S. Treasury securities

~~5,889~~999

51,~~936~~006

Total

206,~~143~~779

206,~~208~~797

115,~~304~~043

81,~~904~~754

8. ~~INVESTMENT~~TRANSACTIONS INWITH ~~JOINT~~BYRNA ~~VENTURE~~LATAM

InOn ~~January~~August ~~2023~~19, 2024, the Company ~~acquired~~entered ainto ~~51%~~an ~~ownership~~exclusive ~~interest~~distribution, inmanufacturing and licensing agreement with Byrna LATAM ~~S.A.~~ (~~"Byrna~~the “LATAM" Licensing Agreement”),. aThis ~~corporate~~LATAM ~~joint~~Licensing ~~venture~~Agreement ~~formed~~allows Byrna LATAM to ~~expand~~exclusively manufacture the ~~Company’s~~Byrna ~~operations~~SD launcher and ~~presence~~ammunition in certain South American ~~markets,~~countries ~~for~~and ~~$0.5 million.~~requires ~~The~~Byrna ~~Company~~LATAM ~~accounted for~~to pay the ~~investment~~Company ina ~~the~~royalty ~~joint~~on ~~venture~~Byrna ~~using~~products ~~the~~manufactured. ~~equity~~The ~~method~~amount ~~since~~of royalty earned during the ~~Company~~three ~~did~~months ~~not~~ended February ~~have~~28, ~~voting~~2026 was ~~control~~$0.2 million, and royalties receivable outstanding as of February ~~Byrna~~28, ~~LATAM~~2026 totaled $1. ~~Additionally~~4 million, ~~the~~net ~~Company~~of ~~did~~allowance ~~not~~for ~~have~~expected ~~substantive~~credit ~~participating~~losses, ~~rights~~and ~~that~~are ~~would~~included ~~result~~ in ~~the~~accounts ~~Company~~receivable. ~~having~~The ~~control~~amount outstanding as of November ~~Byrna~~30, ~~LATAM~~2025 was $1.1 million.

OnIn ~~August~~January ~~19,~~2023 and as amended in August 2024, the Company ~~sold~~loaned ~~its~~$1.6 ~~51%~~million ~~ownership interest~~ to ~~Fusady~~Byrna SLATAM.A. The ~~for~~loan $1bears ~~(the~~an ~~“LATAM~~annual ~~Share~~rate ~~Purchase~~of ~~Agreement”)~~interest ~~and~~of ~~entered~~5% ~~into~~per anannum. ~~exclusive~~The ~~distribution,~~loan ~~manufacturing~~is ~~and~~to ~~licensing~~be ~~agreement~~repaid ~~with~~in ~~Byrna~~twelve ~~LATAM~~equal ~~(the~~monthly ~~“LATAM~~installments ~~Licensing~~beginning ~~Agreement”).~~on August ~~This~~19, ~~LATAM~~2025. ~~Licensing~~Interest ~~Agreement~~income ~~allows~~related ~~Byrna~~to ~~LATAM~~the toloan ~~exclusively~~receivable ~~manufacture~~was ~~the~~less ~~Byrna~~than SD$0.1 ~~launcher~~million ~~and~~for ~~ammunition~~the inthree ~~certain~~months ~~South~~ended February ~~American~~28, ~~countries~~2026 and ~~requires~~2025. ~~Byrna~~The ~~LATAM~~interest toincome ~~pay~~is ~~the~~included ~~Company~~in ainterest ~~royalty~~income onin ~~Byrna~~the ~~products~~Condensed ~~manufactured. The~~Consolidated ~~amount~~Statements of ~~royalty~~Operations ~~earned during the three~~ and ~~nine~~Comprehensive ~~months ended August 31, 2025~~Income. ~~and~~The ~~outstanding~~loan asreceivable of ~~August 31,~~ ~~2025, was~~ $01.30 million and $1.1 million, ~~respectively. The~~was ~~amount~~recorded ~~outstanding~~in asPrepaid ~~of August~~expenses ~~31, 2025~~ and ~~November~~ ~~30,~~other ~~2024,~~current ~~was~~assets ~~not~~in ~~material.~~the ~~The~~condensed ~~LATAM~~consolidated ~~Share~~balance ~~Purchase~~sheet ~~Agreement~~as ~~also~~of February ~~includes~~28, ~~put~~2026 and ~~call rights based on defined triggers which expire on~~ ~~August~~November 1930, ~~2029~~2025, respectively.

InSubsequent to ~~January~~February ~~2023~~28, 2026, the Company ~~loaned~~and ~~$1.6 million to~~ Byrna LATAM~~. The~~ ~~loan~~entered ~~bore~~into ~~interest at~~ a ~~rate~~third ~~equal~~amendment to ~~Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 3.0%. Interest income related to~~ the loan ~~receivable was less than $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended August 31~~agreement, ~~2025~~pursuant ~~and~~to ~~2024.~~which ~~The~~accrued interest ~~income~~from ~~is included in interest income in~~ the ~~Condensed~~stub ~~Consolidated~~period ~~Statements~~was ofcapitalized ~~Operations~~into principal and ~~Comprehensive Income. On August 19, 2024,~~ the outstanding loan balance was ~~amended~~restated ~~to fix the loan amount~~ at approximately $~~1,431,112~~0.6 ~~plus~~million. ~~accrued~~The ~~interest~~amended ofagreement ~~$203,373~~provides for arepayment ~~total~~of ~~loan~~the ~~amount~~restated ofprincipal $1balance,~~634,485.~~ ~~The~~together ~~loan~~with ~~bears an annual rate of~~ interest ofat 5%, ~~per annum. The loan is to be repaid~~ in ~~twelve~~thirteen equal monthly installments ~~beginning on~~commencing ~~August~~April 1920, ~~2025.~~2026 The loan receivable was recorded as loan to joint venture in the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the consummation of the LATAM Share Purchase Agreement at which time the Company recorded the current portion of the loan as part of Prepaid expenses and ~~other current assets and the non-current portion is recorded as part of the Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of~~concluding ~~August~~April 3120, ~~2025 and November 30, 2024~~2027. The loan amount outstanding as of August 31, 2025 was $1.6 million, all of which is recorded as part of Prepaid expenses in the consolidated balance sheet. The loan amount outstanding as of November 30, 2024, was $1.7 million. $0.7 million was recorded as part of Prepaid expenses and $1.0 million was recorded as part of Other assets in the consolidated balance sheet.

9.	ADVERTISING COSTS

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and reported in Operating Expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, and include costs of advertising, tradeshows, and other activities designed to enhance demand for the Company's products. The Company recorded advertising costs of approximately $45.03 million and $114.90 million for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025,~~2026 ~~respectively. The Company recorded advertising costs of approximately $3.2 million~~ and ~~$8.6 million for the three and nine months ended August 31~~2025, ~~2024,~~ respectively.

10.

REVENUE, DEFERRED REVENUE AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

~~The~~Product Company generates most of its revenue through e-commerce portals to consumers, as well as wholesale distribution of its products and accessories to dealers/distributors and retail stores. The Company also sells products to large end-users such as private security companies and law enforcement agencies. The Company does not manufacture or sell any products regulated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives or for military applications. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of goods to the customer, which occurs when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation by making the goods available to the customer’s designated carrier in accordance with the Company’s shipping terms. Under the Company’s standard terms, which are Ex-Works (EXW), title and risk of loss pass to the customer once the goods are picked, packed, and loaded into the carrier’s trailer at the Company’s facility and the order is marked as shipped in the Company’s ERP system. At that point, the Company has a present right to payment, the customer has obtained legal title, and the carrier—acting as the customer’s agent—has physical possession of the goods. Accordingly, revenue is recognized as of the date goods are loaded into the carrier’s trailer, regardless of when the carrier physically removes the trailer from the Company’s premises. Payment terms to customers other than e-commerce customers are generally 30-60 days for established customers, whereas new wholesale and large end-user customers have prepaid terms for their first order. The amount of revenue recognized is net of returns and discounts that the Company offers to its customers. Products purchased include a standard warranty that cannot be purchased separately. This allows customers to return defective products for repair or replacement within one year of sale. The Company also sells an extended warranty for the same terms over three years. The extended 3-year warranty can be purchased separately from the product and is classified as a service warranty. Since a warranty for the first year after sale is included and non-separable from all launcher purchases, the Company considers this extended warranty to represent a service obligation during the second and third years after sale. Therefore, the Company accumulates billings of these transactions on the balance sheet as deferred revenue, to be recognized on a straight-line basis during the second and third year after sale. The Company recognizes an estimated reserve for warranty based on its analysis of historical experience, and an evaluation of current market conditions. Sales

~~During~~The ~~the~~Company ~~second~~generates ~~quarter~~revenue through e-commerce portals to consumers, as well as wholesale distribution of ~~2025~~its products and accessories to dealers, ~~the~~distributors, ~~Company~~retail ~~offered a~~stores ~~complimentary~~and ~~five~~large end-~~year~~users ~~extended~~such ~~warranty~~as ~~with~~private ~~the~~security ~~purchase~~companies ofand law enforcement agencies. The Company does not manufacture or sell any ~~launcher~~products ~~during~~regulated by the ~~month~~Bureau of ~~May~~ Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives or for military applications. ~~The~~ ~~Company~~Revenue ~~determined~~is recognized upon the ~~standalone~~transfer ~~selling~~of ~~price~~control of goods to the ~~five-year~~customer, ~~extended~~which ~~warranty~~occurs ~~and,~~when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation by making the goods available to the customer’s designated carrier in accordance with ~~ASC~~the ~~606~~Company’s shipping terms. Under these terms, ~~allocated~~which aare ~~portion~~Ex-Works (EXW), title and risk of loss pass to the ~~total~~customer ~~transaction~~once ~~price~~the togoods are picked, packed, and loaded into the ~~warranty~~carrier’s ~~using~~trailer at the ~~relative~~Company’s ~~standalone~~facility ~~selling~~and ~~price~~the ~~method~~order is marked as shipped in the Company’s ERP system. ~~The~~At ~~amount~~that ~~allocated~~point, the Company has a present right to payment, the ~~five~~customer has obtained legal title, and the carrier—acting as the customer’s agent—has physical possession of the goods. Accordingly, revenue is recognized as of the date goods are loaded into the carrier’s trailer, regardless of when the carrier physically removes the trailer from the Company’s premises. Payment terms to customers other than e-commerce customers are generally 30-60 days for established customers. New wholesale and large end-user customers typically prepay for their initial order. Revenue is recognized net of estimated returns, discounts, and allowances. Products purchased include a standard one-year assurance-type warranty that cannot be purchased separately. This warranty allows customers to return defective products for repair or replacement within one year of sale. The Company also sells an extended three-year warranty that may be purchased separately and is accounted for as a service-type warranty. Because the first year of warranty coverage is included and non-separable from all launcher purchases, the extended three-year warranty represents a service obligation during the second and third years after sale. Amounts billed for extended warranties are recorded as deferred revenue and is recognized on a straight-line basis ~~over~~during the ~~five-year~~coverage ~~warranty~~ period. ~~Revenue~~The ~~related~~Company tomaintains ~~the~~a ~~five~~reserve ~~and~~for ~~three-year~~expected ~~extended~~ warranty ~~was~~claims ~~immaterial.~~ based on historical experience, and current conditions

The Company offers e-commerce customers a 14-day money-back guarantee, which allows for a full refund of the purchase price, excluding shipping charges, within 14 days from the date of delivery. The right of return creates a variable component to the transaction price and needs to be considered for any possible constraints. The Company estimates returns using the expected value method, as there will likely be a range of potential return amounts. The Company’s reserve for returns under the 14-day money back guarantee for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial. For customer purchases made through Amazon, certain Byrna products are designated as non-returnable, including Byrna launchers, CO₂ tubes, chemical irritant projectiles, and pepper sprays. All other Byrna accessories sold on Amazon are subject to Amazon’s standard return policy, which generally permits returns within 30 days of delivery. The Company evaluates expected returns from Amazon sales using the same expected value method applied to its direct-to-consumer sales. The Company’s reserve for Amazon-related returns for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024 was immaterial. 10

~~The~~During ~~Company~~the ~~does~~second ~~not~~quarter ~~offer~~of 2025, the Company offered a ~~money~~complimentary five-~~back~~year ~~guarantee to~~extended ~~dealers~~warranty ~~or retailers. These~~with ~~customers~~any launcher purchased during ~~may~~May ~~request~~2025. aThe ~~return~~Company ordetermined ~~credit~~the ~~for~~standalone ~~unforeseen~~selling ~~reasons~~price ~~or may~~of ~~have~~the ~~agreed~~five-year warranty ~~discounts~~and, orin ~~allowances~~accordance towith beASC ~~netted~~606, ~~from~~allocated ~~amounts~~a ~~invoiced.~~portion ~~Accordingly,~~of the ~~Company~~transaction ~~reserves~~price ~~for~~to ~~returns,~~this ~~discounts~~separate ~~and~~performance ~~allowances~~obligation using ~~based~~the onrelative ~~past~~standalone ~~performance~~selling ~~and~~price onmethod. ~~agreement~~The allocated ~~terms~~amount is ~~and~~recorded ~~reports~~as deferred revenue ~~net~~and ofis recognized on a straight-line basis over the ~~estimated~~five-year ~~reserve~~coverage period. ~~The~~ ~~Company's~~Revenue ~~reserve~~related ~~for~~to ~~returns,~~both ~~discounts,~~the three-year and ~~allowances~~five-year extended warranties was immaterial for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024 was immaterial~~2025.

The Company ~~accounts~~offers e-commerce customers a 14-day money-back guarantee, which allows for ~~shipping~~a ~~and~~full ~~handling~~refund ~~activities~~of ~~related~~the topurchase ~~contracts~~price, ~~with~~excluding ~~customers~~shipping ascharges, ~~costs~~within to14 ~~fulfill~~days from the ~~promise~~date of delivery. The right of return creates a variable component to ~~transfer~~the transaction price. The Company estimates returns using the ~~associated~~expected ~~products~~value method, as a range of potential outcomes may exist. ~~Shipping~~Returns ~~and~~under ~~handling~~the ~~costs~~14-day ~~associated~~money ~~with~~back guarantee for the ~~distribution~~three ofmonths ~~finished~~ended February ~~products~~28, to2026 ~~customers~~and February 28, ~~are~~2025 ~~recorded~~was inimmaterial. ~~operating~~For ~~expenses~~purchases inmade ~~the~~through ~~accompanying~~Amazon, ~~Condensed~~certain ~~Consolidated~~Byrna ~~Statements~~products-including oflaunchers, ~~Operations~~CO₂ tubes, chemical irritant projectiles, and ~~Comprehensive~~pepper ~~Income~~sprays are designated as non-returnable. Other ~~and~~accessories are ~~recognized~~subject ~~when~~to Amazon’s standard 30-day return policy. The Company estimates expected Amazon returns using the ~~product~~same isexpected ~~shipped~~value method applied to its direct-to-consumer sales. Expected Amazon-related return reserves for the ~~customer~~three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025 was immaterial.

~~Included~~The asCompany ~~cost~~sells ofto ~~goods~~dealers ~~sold~~and ~~are~~retailers ~~costs~~for ~~associated~~whom ~~with~~there ~~the~~is ~~production~~no ~~and~~money-back ~~procurement~~guarantee ofbut may ~~products~~request a return or credit for unforeseen reasons or may have agreed-upon discounts marketing allowances, ~~such~~cooperative asadvertising ~~labor~~programs, ~~and~~or ~~overhead~~other promotional incentives to be netted from amounts invoiced. The Company reserves for returns, ~~inbound~~discounts ~~freight~~marketing ~~costs~~programs, ~~manufacturing~~and ~~depreciation~~allowances based on past performance, ~~purchasing~~contractual terms and ~~receiving~~expectations ~~costs~~of future activity and reports revenue net of the estimated reserve. The Company's reserve for returns, discounts, marketing programs and ~~inspection~~allowances ~~costs~~for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025 was $0.1 million and immaterial, respectively.

~~The~~Shipping ~~Company~~and ~~has~~handling ~~granted~~activities ~~Byrna~~related ~~LATAM an exclusive license under the LATAM Licensing Agreement~~ to ~~manufacture,~~contracts ~~market,~~with ~~sell,~~customers ~~and~~are ~~distribute~~accounted ~~Byrna~~for ~~products~~as ~~within~~costs ~~specified~~to ~~territories.~~fulfill ~~Under~~ the ~~LATAM~~performance ~~Licensing~~obligation. ~~Agreement, Byrna~~Shipping ~~LATAM~~and ishandling ~~authorized~~costs toassociated ~~use~~with the ~~Byrna®~~distribution ~~trademark and logo for marketing and sales~~ of ~~approved~~finished products, ~~subject~~ to ~~the~~customers, ~~terms~~are ~~outlined~~recorded in ~~the~~operating ~~LATAM~~expenses ~~Licensing~~in ~~Agreement. In consideration for these rights, Byrna LATAM is required to pay~~ the ~~Company~~accompanying aCondensed ~~royalty~~Consolidated ~~fee~~Statements ~~based~~of onOperations ~~quantities~~ and ~~values~~Comprehensive ofIncome ~~licensed~~and ~~products manufactured. The Company recognizes revenue as the licensed products~~ are ~~manufactured~~recognized aswhen ~~reported to~~ the ~~Company~~product ~~by Byrna LATAM. The LATAM Licensing Agreement establishes minimum revenue requirements for designated countries. There~~ is ~~no minimum guaranteed royalty fee unless otherwise stipulated by the minimum revenue provisions of the LATAM Licensing Agreement.~~shipped

Included as cost of goods sold are expenses associated with the production and procurement of products, such as labor and overhead, inbound freight costs, manufacturing depreciation, purchasing and receiving costs, and inspection costs.

Royalty Revenue

The Company recognizes royalty revenue associated with the LATAM Licensing Agreement.

Royalty revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 606. Sales based royalties related to licenses of functional intellectual property are recognized when the licensed products are manufactured, provided the amount is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. Accordingly, the Company recognizes royalty revenue when (i) the licensee’s manufacturing activity occurs, (ii) the royalty amount is fixed or determinable under the agreement, and (iii) collection is probable.

Accounts Receivable

The Company records accounts receivables due from dealers/distributors, large end-users such as retail stores, security companies, and law enforcement agencies. Accounts receivable, net of allowances, was $811.96 million, $210.68 million and $2.96 million as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, November 30, ~~2024~~2025, and November 30, ~~2023~~2024, respectively. Accounts receivable also includes royalty receivables. The amount of royalty receivable included in accounts receivable was $1.4 million, $1.1 million, and not material~~, and nil~~ as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, November 30, ~~2024~~2025, and November 30, ~~2023~~2024, respectively.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

The Company ~~estimates~~maintains ~~the~~an ~~balance of its~~ allowance for current expected credit losses on trade receivables. Effective December 1, 2025, the Company early adopted ASU 2025‑05 and applied the guidance prospectively. In ~~determining~~connection with the ~~amount~~adoption, the Company elected the practical expedient that allows entities to assume that economic conditions existing as of the ~~allowance~~balance ~~for~~sheet date will remain unchanged when estimating expected credit losses on current trade receivables. Under this approach, the Company ~~considers~~estimates ~~historical~~expected ~~collectability~~credit losses based on ~~past~~relevant ~~due~~customer‑specific ~~status~~credit risk information and ~~makes~~collection ~~judgments~~patterns ~~about~~without incorporating forward‑looking economic forecasts for these short‑term receivables. Prior to adoption, the ~~creditworthiness~~Company ofestimated ~~customers~~its allowance for credit losses by considering historical collectability based on ~~ongoing~~past ~~credit~~due ~~evaluations.~~status, ~~The~~the ~~Company~~creditworthiness ~~also~~of ~~considers~~customers ~~customer-specific~~based ~~information~~on ongoing credit evaluations, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Account balances are written off against the allowance when it is determined that the receivable will not be recovered. ~~As of August 31, 2025, November 30, 2024, and November 30, 2023, the total allowance for credit losses recorded was less than $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.~~

9 As of February 28, 2026, November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, the total allowance for expected credit losses recorded was $0.4 million, $0.1 million, and $0.3 million, respectively.

Deferred Revenue

The balance of deferred revenue, which relate to advance payments, unfulfilled e-commerce orders and amounts to be recognized under extended three-year, ~~and~~ five-year, service warranty, was $0.5 million as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~November 3130, ~~2024 was $0.3 million~~2025 and $~~0.8 million, respectively, and $~~1.8 million ~~and $1.9 million~~ as of November 30, 2024 ~~and 2023~~, respectively.

	August 31,			November 30,
	2025			2024
Deferred revenue balance, beginning of period	$	1,808		$	1,936
Net additions to deferred revenue during the period		49,413			66,120
Reductions in deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period		(50,932	)		(66,248	)
Deferred revenue balance, end of period		289			1,808
Less current portion		249			1,791
Deferred revenue, non-current	$	40		$	17

Changes in deferred revenue for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and November 30, 2025 are summarized below (in thousands). The Company recognized warranty revenue totaling less than $0.1 million during each of the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025.

	*February 28,*			*November 30,*
	*2026*			*2025*
Deferred revenue balance, beginning of period	$	521		$	1,808
Net additions to deferred revenue during the period		14,492			69,351
Reductions in deferred revenue for revenue recognized during the period		(14,546	)		(70,638	)
Deferred revenue balance, end of period		467			521
Less current portion		445			496
Deferred revenue, non-current	$	22		$	25

Revenue Disaggregation

The Company presents ~~revenues~~disaggregated ~~net~~revenue ofinformation ~~returns~~by reportable sales channel consistent with ASC 280, ~~allowances~~Segment Reporting, ~~and~~as ~~discounts. The~~these ~~following~~channels ~~table~~represent ~~presents~~the ~~disaggregation~~basis ofon which the ~~Company’s~~Chief ~~net~~Operating ~~revenue by distribution~~Decision ~~channel~~Maker ~~(in~~evaluates ~~thousands):~~the Company’s performance.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	August 31,				August 31,
Distribution channel	2025		2024		2025		2024
Wholesale (dealer/distributors)	$	11,530	$	4,781	$	29,653	$	13,512
E-commerce (direct to consumers)		16,335		16,073		52,096		44,265
Royalties		314		—		1,125		—
Total	$	28,179	$	20,854	$	82,874	$	57,777

The following table presents disaggregation of the Company’s revenue by market and distribution channel (in thousands):

	*Three Months Ended*
	*February 28,*
*Geographical Market*	*2026*		*2025*
U.S./Mexico	$	27,796	$	24,141
South Africa		—		143
Europe/South America/Asia		529		1,316
Canada		724		590
Total	$	29,049	$	26,190

	*Three Months Ended*
	*February 28,*
*Distribution channel*	*2026*		*2025*
Wholesale (dealer/distributors)	$	10,699	$	6,289
E-commerce (direct to consumers)		18,122		19,898
Royalties		228		3
Total	$	29,049	$	26,190

The following table presents disaggregation of the Company’s revenue by sales channel (in thousands):

	*Three Months Ended*
	*February 28,*
*Sales channel*	*2026*		*2025*
Web (DTC)	$	17,648	$	19,394
International (DTC)		474		504
DTC Subtotal	$	18,122	$	19,898

Byrna Dedicated Dealers (Wholesale)		9,365		4,422
Law Enforcement / Schools / Pvt Security (Wholesale)		74		25
Retail Stores (Wholesale)		709		301
International (Wholesale)		551		1,541
Wholesale Subtotal	$	10,699	$	6,289

Royalties	$	228	$	3

Total	$	29,049	$	26,190

The Company presents revenues net of returns, allowances, and discounts. The following table presents disaggregation of the Company’s net revenue by revenue stream (in thousands):

Three Months Ended

~~Nine Months Ended~~

August 31,

February 28,

Revenue type

~~2025~~2026

~~2024~~2025

~~2025~~

~~2024~~

Product

2728,~~865~~821

2026,~~854~~187

~~81,749~~

~~57,777~~

Royalties

~~314~~228

—3

~~1,125~~

—

Total

2829,~~179~~049

2026,~~854~~190

~~82,874~~

~~57,777~~

11.

INVENTORY

The following table summarizes inventory (in thousands):

	August 31,		November 30,
	February 28,		November 30,
	2025		2024
	2026		2025
Raw materials	$	17,~~970~~992	$	1018,~~307~~736
Work in process		5,~~186~~568		34,~~433~~387
Finished goods		109,~~950~~539		69,~~232~~571
Total	$	3433,~~106~~099	$	1932,~~972~~694

12.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following table summarizes cost and accumulated depreciation (in thousands):

	August 31,		November 30,
	February 28,		November 30,
	2025		2024
	2026		2025
Computer equipment and software	$	~~787~~886	$	~~791~~886
Furniture and fixtures		~~628~~820		~~276~~820
Leasehold improvements		1,~~907~~951		1,~~048~~931
Machinery and equipment		78,~~503~~551		48,~~095~~307
		10,825		6,210
		12,208		11,944
Less: accumulated depreciation		4,045		2,802
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		4,789		4,218
Total	$	67,~~780~~419	$	37,~~408~~726

The Company recognized $~~1.4 million and $~~0.~~9 million in depreciation expense during the nine months ended August 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. The Company recognized $0.~~6 million and $0.4 million in depreciation expense during the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025, respectively. Depreciation expense is presented in the operating expenses and within cost of goods sold in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

At ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and November 30, ~~2024~~2025, the Company had deposits of $21.69 million and $21.75 million, respectively, with vendors primarily for supply of machinery (molds) and equipment where the vendors have not completed the supply of these assets and is presented as Deposits for equipment in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

13.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):

			Balance at August 31, 2025							Balance at November 30, 2024
			Balance at February 28, 2026							Balance at November 30, 2025
	Estimated Useful Lives in Years		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Patents		10-17	$	3,955	$	(1,~~170~~298	)	$	2,~~785~~657	$	3,955	$	(~~978~~1,234	)	$	2,~~977~~721
Trademarks	Indefinite			360		—			360		360		—			360
Customer List		2		70		(70	)		—		70		(70	)		—
Federal Firearms License		3		6		(02	)		64		—6		—(1	)		—5
Total			$	4,391	$	(1,~~240~~370	)	$	3,~~151~~021	$	4,~~385~~391	$	(1,~~048~~305	)	$	3,~~337~~086

The trademarks have an indefinite life and are assessed annually for impairment. All other intangible assets are finite-lived.

Intangible assets amortization expenses are recorded within operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Total intangible assets amortization expense for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ ~~31,~~2025 ~~2024~~ were $0.21 million and $0.1 million, respectively. ~~Total intangible assets amortization expense was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended August 31, 2025 and 2024.~~

Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ending November 30,
2025 (remaining three months)	$	65
2026 (remaining nine months)	$	194
2026		259
2027		259
2028		259
2029		259
Thereafter		1,690
2030		259
Total	$	2,791
Thereafter		1,431
Total	$	2,661

14.

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

The Company’s accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	August 31,		November 30,
	February 28,		November 30,
	2025		2024
	2026		2025
Trade payables	$	8,~~540~~467	$	710,~~715~~082
Accrued sales, use and income tax		~~556~~233		~~570~~648
Accrued personnel costs		31,~~216~~410		4,~~193~~696
Accrued professional fees		~~135~~554		~~124~~153
Other accrued liabilities		~~251~~111		~~506~~285
Total	$	1210,~~698~~775	$	1315,~~108~~864

15.

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Stock Buyback Program

On July 31, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors approved a plan to buy back up to $10 million worth of shares of Common Stock (the “Stock Buyback Program”). The Company's Stock Buyback Plan is intended to return capital to shareholders and to minimize the dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards. The Stock Buyback Program will expire on the sooner of the two-year anniversary of its initiation or until the Company reaches the aggregate limit of $10 million for the repurchases under the program. The repurchased shares are recorded as part of treasury stock and are accounted for under the cost method. In the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, the Company repurchased 358,~~927~~905 shares of common stock for $01.050 million. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, 2025. As of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, ~~353,157~~0.5 million shares of common stock have been repurchased for $35.8 million.

	Number of Shares		Cost of Shares		Average Cost per Share
Shares purchased - March 2024		21,905	$	253,003	$	11.6
Shares purchased - December 2025		27,388	$	453,035	$	16.5
Shares purchased - August 2024		291,141		2,994,296		10.3
Shares purchased - January 2026		31,517		499,996		15.9
Shares purchased - September 2024		506		5,695		11.3
Total		58,905	$	953,031	$	16.2
Shares purchased - October 2024		35,678		499,997		14.0
Shares purchased - April 2025		3,927		54,940		14.0
Total		353,157	$	3,807,931	$	10.8

1214

16.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2020 Plan

~~On October~~In ~~23,~~ 2020, the ~~Company's~~ Board ~~of Directors approved~~ and ~~on November 19, 2020,~~ the stockholders approved the Byrna Technologies Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The aggregate number of shares of ~~Common~~common ~~Stock~~stock available for issuance in connection with options and other awards granted under the 2020 Plan is 2,500,000. In 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors and the Company's stockholders approved the increase of the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan by 1,300,000shares to a total of 3,800,000 shares. The 2020 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board. The Compensation Committee determines the persons to whom options to purchase shares of ~~Common~~common ~~Stock~~stock, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted or unrestricted shares of ~~Common~~common ~~Stock~~stock may be granted. Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Plan are employees, officers, directors, consultants, advisors and other individual service providers of the Company. Awards are at the discretion of the Compensation Committee.

The Company accounts for all stock-based payment awards granted to employees and non-employees as stock-based compensation expense at their grant date fair value. The Company’s stock-based payments include stock options, RSUs, and incentive warrants. The measurement date for employee awards is the date of grant, and stock-based compensation costs are recognized as expense over the employees’ requisite service period, on a straight-line basis. The measurement date for non-employee awards is generally the date the services were completed, resulting in financial reporting period adjustments to stock-based compensation during either the expected term or the contractual term. Stock-based compensation costs for non-employees are recognized as expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant by using either the Black-Scholes, Binomial Lattice, or the quoted stock price on the date of grant, unless the awards are subject to market conditions in which case the Company uses the Monte Carlo simulation model. Due to the Company’s limited history, the expected term of the Company’s stock options granted to employees has been determined utilizing the method as prescribed by the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin, Topic 14. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on Common Stock and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

~~Stock-based compensation costs are recognized as expense over the employee's requisite service period, on a straight-line basis.~~ Total stock-based compensation expense was $20.~~3 million~~5 ~~and $2.6~~ million ~~for the nine months ended August 31, 2025~~ and ~~August 31, 2024, respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense was $0.7~~ ~~million and~~ $0.8 million for the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ 312025, ~~2024,~~ respectively. Total stock-based compensation expense was recorded in Operating expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Restricted Stock Units

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, 2025, the Company granted performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”) to certain employees. The number of PSUs that may ultimately vest is contingent upon the achievement of specified GAAP revenue targets for the fiscal year 2026 ~~performance~~and ~~period ( December 1,~~ 2025 ~~through November 30, 2026), as well as~~ the participant’s continued employment through November 30, 2027. The actual number of shares that may be earned ranges from 0% to 200% of the target award, depending on the level of achievement of the performance goals. Any earned PSUs will vest on November 30, 2027, subject to continued service through such date. Compensation expense is recognized for PSUs only to the extent that it is probable the performance conditions will be achieved. During the nine months ended August 31, 2025 the Company ~~granted~~did ~~120,830 RSUs~~not ~~consisting~~grant ofany ~~88,344 time-based~~ RSUs ~~and~~or ~~32,486~~ PSUs. During the nine months ended August 31, 2024, the Company granted 600,000 PSUs with a “double trigger” for vesting based on stock price and time, as follows: (1) one-third of the RSUs would be triggered when the Company’s stock trades above $6.00 on a 20-day VWAP, the second one-third of the RSUs would be triggered when the Company’s stock trades above $9.00 on a 20-day VWAP, and the final one-third of the RSUs would be triggered when the stock trades above $12.00 on a 20-day VWAP and (2) the employee must remain employed by the Company for three years from the effective date for the RSUs to vest. Stock-based compensation expense for ~~the~~ RSUs and PSUs for the ~~nine months ended August 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024 was $1.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for the RSUs and PSUs for the~~ three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ ~~31, 2024~~2025 was $0.54 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

1315

~~The~~As ~~assumptions~~of February ~~that~~28, ~~the~~2026, ~~Company~~there ~~used~~was in$2.3 amillion of ~~Monte~~unrecognized ~~Carlo~~stock-based ~~simulation~~compensation ~~model~~cost related to ~~determine~~unvested ~~the~~RSUs ~~grant-date~~which ~~fair~~is ~~value~~expected ofto ~~RSUs~~be ~~granted~~recognized ~~with~~over a ~~double~~weighted ~~trigger~~average ~~for~~of ~~the nine~~0.6 ~~months ended August 31, 2024~~years. ~~were as follows:~~

Risk free rate		4.33	%
Expected dividends	$	—
Expected volatility		33	%
Expected life (in years)		2.7
Market price of the Company’s Common Stock on date of grant	$	6.03

The following table summarizes the RSU activity during the three months ended February 28, 2026:

As of August 31, 2025, there was $3.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested RSUs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average of 1.1 years.

	*RSUs*
Unvested and outstanding as of November 30, 2025		867,137
Granted		—
Settled		(76,861	)
Forfeited		(53,092	)
Unvested and outstanding at February 28, 2026		737,184

~~The~~Of ~~following~~the ~~table~~76,861 ~~summarizes~~RSUs ~~the~~that ~~RSU~~were ~~activity~~settled during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025:~~2026, 12,331 units were withheld by the Company in exchange for the Company paying for the payroll withholding taxes. For the three months ended February 28, 2026, RSUs of 64,530, net, were issued in connection with the settlement of RSUs.

	RSUs
Unvested and outstanding as of November 30, 2024		915,230
Granted		120,830
Settled		(106,001	)
Forfeited		(7,246	)
Unvested and outstanding at August 31, 2025		922,813

Of the 106,001 RSUs that were settled during the nine months ended August 31, 2025, 3,061 units were withheld by the Company in exchange for the Company paying for the payroll withholding taxes. For the nine months ended August 31, 2025, RSUs of 102,940, net, were issued in connection with the settlement of RSUs.

Stock Options

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for options granted to its employees and directors of $0.~~9 million and $~~1~~.4 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively,~~ ~~and $0.2~~ million and $0.4 million ~~for~~ during the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025, respectively. As of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, there was $0.42 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 10.2 9 years.

~~Stock~~The ~~Option~~following ~~Valuation~~table summarizes option activity under the 2020 Plan during the three months ended February 28, 2026:

The fair value of stock options at the date of grant was estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted for the nine months ended August 31, 2024 were as follows:

				*Weighted-Average*
	*Stock*			*Exercise Price Per Stock*
	*Options*			*Option*
Outstanding, November 30, 2025		1,087,585		$	8.96
Granted		—			—
Exercised		—			—
Expired		—			—
Forfeited		(3,750	)		9.23
Outstanding, February 28, 2026		1,083,835		$	8.96
Exercisable, February 28, 2026		1,026,085		$	9.08

Risk free rate		4.10	%
Expected dividends	$	—
Expected volatility		75.75	%
Expected life (in years)		6.5
Market price of the Company’s Common Stock on date of grant	$	6.89

The following table summarizes option activity under the 2020 Plan during the nine months ended August 31, 2025:

				Weighted-Average
	Stock			Exercise Price Per Stock
	Options			Option
Outstanding, November 30, 2024		1,241,839		$	9.11
Granted		—			—
Exercised		(137,001	)		10.58
Expired		(586	)		1.90
Forfeited		(16,667	)		8.96
Outstanding, August 31, 2025		1,087,585		$	8.96
Exercisable, August 31, 2025		878,250		$	9.26

Of the 137,001 shares issued upon exercise of options, 36,807 options were surrendered due to cashless exercise.

17.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

For the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025, the Company recorded net income and, as such, used diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding when calculating diluted income per share for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025. Stock options and RSUs that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share (“EPS”) in the future are included in the computation of diluted income per share.

	For the Three Months Ended				~~For the Nine Months Ended~~
	August 31,				August 31,
	February 28,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	2026		2025
Net income	$	~~2,235~~801	$	1,~~025~~662	$	~~6,324~~	$	~~3,120~~
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net income per share, basic		22,~~691~~667,~~574~~850		22,~~758~~587,~~155~~099		~~22,649,525~~		~~22,509,018~~
Net income per share - basic	$	0.1004	$	0.0507	$	~~0.28~~	$	~~0.14~~
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net income per share, diluted		2423,~~103~~829,~~760~~637		2324,~~410~~098,~~159~~635		~~24,147,430~~		~~23,072,498~~
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.0903	$	0.0407	$	~~0.26~~	$	~~0.14~~

The following table reconciles the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic EPS to the weighted-average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of diluted EPS for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025:

For the Three Months Ended

~~For the Nine Months Ended~~

August 31,

February 28,

2025

2024

2025

2024

2026

2025

Weighted-average common shares outstanding- basic

22,~~691~~667,~~574~~850

22,~~758~~587,~~155~~099

~~22,649,525~~

~~22,509,018~~

Assumed conversion of:

Dilutive stock options

~~679~~459,~~720~~655

~~135~~720,~~886~~689

~~657,234~~

~~113,617~~

Dilutive RSUs

~~732~~702,~~465~~132

~~516~~790,~~118~~847

~~840,670~~

~~449,863~~

Weighted-average common share outstanding- diluted

2423,~~103~~829,~~760~~637

2324,~~410~~098,~~159~~635

~~24,147,430~~

~~23,072,498~~

The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

For the Three Months Ended

~~For the Nine Months Ended~~

August 31,

February 28,

2025

2024

2025

2024

2026

2025

Options

—11,000

~~437,666~~—

—

~~437,666~~

RSUs

2068,~~919~~016

~~16,513~~—

~~41,944~~

~~41,513~~

Total

2079,~~919~~016

~~454,179~~—

~~41,944~~

~~479,179~~

18.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The following transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by related parties. Amounts due to related parties are unsecured, non-interest bearing and due on demand.

The Company subleases office premises at its Massachusetts headquarters to a corporation owned and controlled by the former Chief Executive Officer ("“CEO"”) of the Company , beginning July 1, 2020,. ~~with~~The nosublease ~~stated~~is ~~termination~~scheduled ~~date~~to terminate on April 30, 2026. Sublease payments received were a nominal amount for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~2024~~2025.

Fusady is owned, in equal 25% shares, by four individual investors. These four individuals also each own 25% of Bersa S.A. Bersa S.A. is a distributor of the Company’s products in Argentina. There were sales of $0.1 million during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2024. Because of the divesture of the joint venture in August 2024 (see Note 8), Fusady is no longer considered a related party. 17

19.

LEASES

Operating Leases

The Company has operating leases for real estate in the United States and South Africa and does not have any finance leases.

In 2019, the Company entered into a real estate lease for office space in Andover, Massachusetts. In August 2021, the lease was amended to include additional space and extend the term of the existing space by one year. The new lease expiration date is February 29, 2028.

The Company leases office and warehouse space in South Africa. The Company has exercised its right to extend the lease for an additional year. The lease, which was originally set to expire in December 2024, was extended to December 2025.

~~The~~Commencing ~~Company leased warehouse and manufacturing space~~ in July ~~Fort Wayne~~2024, ~~Indiana.~~the ~~The~~Company ~~lease~~entered ~~was~~into toa ~~expire on July~~new ~~31,~~operating ~~2025.~~lease ~~Commencing~~for ~~in August~~warehouse ~~2022,~~and ~~the~~retail ~~Company~~office ~~sub-leased the~~space ~~former~~located in Fort Wayne, ~~facility~~Indiana. The ~~amount~~lease ~~received~~term ~~from~~is ~~the~~for ~~sub-lease~~five ~~was~~years, ~~immaterial. In~~commencing on ~~March~~July ~~2024~~15, ~~the~~2024 ~~Company~~and ~~terminated~~expiring ~~the~~on July ~~lease~~14, ~~and sublease~~2029.

~~Commencing~~The ~~in July 2024, the~~ Company ~~entered~~also ~~into~~leases ~~a new operating lease for warehouse and retail~~ office space ~~located~~ in ~~Fort~~Las ~~Wayne~~Vegas, ~~Indiana. The lease term is for five years~~Nevada, ~~commencing~~which ~~on July~~expires ~~15, 2024 and expiring~~ on ~~July~~January ~~14, 2029. As of August~~ 31, ~~2025, the total right-of-use asset amounting to $0~~2027.~~2 million and the corresponding lease liability of $0.2 million are reflected in the Company's financial statements.~~

~~The~~Commencing in August 2024, the Company ~~also~~entered ~~leases~~into ~~office~~a ~~space~~new inoperating ~~Las~~lease ~~Vegas,~~for ~~Nevada,~~retail ~~which~~office ~~expires~~space ~~on January~~located 31in Salem, ~~2027~~New Hampshire. The ~~base~~lease ~~rent~~term is ~~less~~for ~~than~~five ~~$0.1 million~~years, ~~per~~commencing ~~month~~on August 22, 2024 and expiring on August 21, 2029.

Commencing in August 2024, the Company entered into a new operating lease for retail office space located in ~~Salem~~Scottsdale, ~~New Hampshire~~Arizona. The lease term is for ~~five~~eight years, commencing on August 2227, 2024 and expiring on ~~August~~July ~~21, 2029. As of August~~ 31, ~~2025, the total right-of-use asset amounting to $0~~2032.~~1 million and the corresponding lease liability of $0.1 million are reflected in the Company's financial statements.~~

Commencing in ~~August~~November 2024, the Company entered into a new operating lease for retail office space located in ~~Scottsdale~~Franklin, ~~Arizona~~Tennessee. The lease term is for ~~eight~~five and a half years, commencing on ~~August~~November 271, 2024 and expiring on ~~July~~April 3130, ~~2032~~2030. ~~As of August 31, 2025, the total right-of-use asset amounting to $0.6 million and the corresponding lease liability of $0.7 million are reflected in the Company's financial statements.~~

Commencing in ~~November 2024~~April 2025, the Company entered into aanother ~~new~~ operating lease for ~~retail~~ office space located in ~~Franklin~~Las Vegas, ~~Tennessee~~Nevada. The lease term is for ~~five~~three ~~and a half~~ years, commencing on ~~November~~April 1, ~~2024~~2025 and expiring on April 30, ~~2030~~2028. ~~As of August 31, 2025, the total right-of-use asset amounting to $0.2 million and the corresponding lease liability of $0.3 million are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements.~~

Commencing in ~~April~~ October 2025, the Company ~~entered~~assumed ~~into~~two ~~another~~ operating ~~lease~~leases for ~~office~~retail ~~space~~suites located in ~~Las~~Santa ~~Vegas~~Clarita, ~~Nevada~~California. The ~~lease~~leases ~~term~~each ishave ~~for~~a ~~three~~two-year ~~years~~term, commencing on ~~April~~October 13, 2025, and expiring on ~~April~~September 3014, ~~2028~~2027. AsThe ~~of August~~Company ~~31,~~subleases ~~2025,~~both ~~the~~suites ~~total~~to ~~right~~a third-~~of-use~~party ~~asset~~dealer. ~~amounting~~The toCompany ~~$0.2 million~~remains ~~and~~ the ~~corresponding~~primary ~~lease~~obligor ~~liability~~under ofthe ~~$0.2 million~~head ~~are~~leases ~~reflected~~and ininvoices the ~~Company's~~subtenant ~~consolidated~~for ~~financial~~an ~~statements~~equivalent amount of rent with no markup.

Certain of the Company’s leases contain options to renew and extend lease terms and options to terminate leases early. Reflected in the right-of-use asset and lease liability on the Company’s balance sheets are the periods provided by renewal and extension options that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, as well as the periods provided by termination options that the Company is reasonably certain to not exercise.

For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ 312025, ~~2024,~~ the elements of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended
	August 31, 2025			August 31, 2024
	February 28, 2026			February 28, 2025
Lease Cost:
Operating lease cost	$	~~565~~206		$	~~459~~181
Short-term lease cost		6035			-19
Total lease cost	$	625		$	459
Variable lease cost		49			-
Total lease cost	$	290		$	200
Other Information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	~~395~~176		$	~~504~~105
Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	$	178		$	1,146
Operating Leases:
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		43.17			4.6
Weighted-average discount rate		7.97	%		8.30	%

Future lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ending November 30,
2025 (three months)	$	206
2026 (nine months)	$	666
2026		840
2027		773
2027		738
2028		386
2029		266
Thereafter		387
2030		160
Total lease payments		2,823
Thereafter		226
Less: imputed interest		391
Total lease payments		2,477
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	2,432
Less: imputed interest		307
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	672
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	2,170
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$	1,760
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	751
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	$	1,419

1618

20.

INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, the Company recorded less than $0.6 1 million of income tax ~~expense~~benefit. For the ~~three~~ ~~months ended August 31, 2024, the Company recorded a nominal amount of income tax expense. For the~~ three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, 2025 ~~and August 31~~, ~~2024,~~ the ~~effective tax rate was 20.6% and 0.1%, respectively. For the nine months ended August 31, 2025, the~~ Company recorded $~~1.7 million of income tax expense. For the nine months ended August 31, 2024, the Company recorded $~~0.1 million of income tax ~~benefit~~expense. For the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ 312025, ~~2024,~~ the effective tax rate was 18(0.34)% and 06.24%, respectively. The Company’s tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% due to the effects of state taxes net of federal benefit, the foreign tax rate differential as a result of Byrna South Africa, effects of permanent non-deductible expenses, and other effects.

~~On July~~The 4,income ~~2025,~~tax ~~the~~benefit ~~One~~recorded ~~Big~~for ~~Beautiful~~the ~~Bill~~three ~~Act~~months ~~(“OBBBA”)~~ended February ~~was~~28, ~~enacted.~~2026, ~~The~~despite ~~OBBBA amends U.S.~~ pre‑tax ~~law~~income, ~~including~~was ~~provisions~~primarily ~~related~~attributable to ~~domestic~~discrete ~~research~~excess ~~and~~tax ~~development~~benefits ~~expenses~~recognized ~~and~~in ~~bonus~~connection ~~depreciation,~~with ~~among others. The Company is currently evaluating~~ the ~~impact~~vesting of ~~the~~share‑based ~~OBBBA~~compensation onawards ~~its~~during ~~consolidated financial statements and has included~~ the ~~estimated~~quarter, ~~impact~~which ofmore ~~items~~than ~~affecting~~offset ~~its~~the ~~current~~income tax ~~period~~expense asattributable ~~part~~to ofordinary ~~its~~ income ~~tax expense computed~~ for the ~~quarter ending August 31, 2025~~period.

The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effects of state income taxes net of the federal benefit, foreign tax rate differentials related to the Company’s South Africa operations, permanent non‑deductible expenses, discrete items related to share‑based compensation, and other items.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted. The OBBBA amends U.S. tax law including provisions related to domestic research and development expenses and bonus depreciation, among others. The Company has assessed the impact of the OBBBA on its consolidated financial statements and has included the estimated impact of items affecting its forecasted tax rate as part of its income tax expense computed for the quarter ending February 28, 2026.

21.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of our business, the Company may be involved in various legal actions and claims, including but not limited to product liability, consumer, commercial, tax, and governmental matters, which may arise from time to time. Currently, the Company is engaged in a number of legal proceedings; however, in the opinion of management, there was not at least a reasonable possibility the Company may have incurred a material loss concerning loss contingencies for asserted legal and other claims. While the Company does not anticipate any adverse outcomes from these proceedings, legal actions inherently carry uncertainties, and an unfavorable ruling could result in monetary damages that may impact the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Although the Company maintains specific insurance coverage for certain risks, it may still face judgments or need to settle claims in the future that could have potential material adverse effects on its business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Restricted Cash

As of February 28, 2026, the Company held $0.4 million of restricted cash that was temporarily unavailable for general corporate purposes. The Company expects the restricted amount to be released to unrestricted cash within the next twelve months.

22.

SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISCLOSURES

~~The~~Beginning ~~CEO,~~in ~~who~~fiscal is2025, ~~also~~ the ~~Chief~~Company ~~Operating~~manages ~~Decision~~its ~~Maker,~~operations ~~evaluates~~through ~~the~~two ~~entire~~reportable ~~business~~channels: as(1) aDirect ~~single~~to ~~entity,~~Consumer ~~which~~(“DTC”) – includes ~~reviewing~~sales ~~financial~~through ~~information~~the ~~and~~Company’s ~~making~~e ~~business~~commerce ~~decisions~~website, ~~based~~Amazon onstorefronts, ~~the~~and ~~overall~~Company ~~results~~operated ofretail ~~the~~stores, ~~business.~~and As(2) ~~such,~~Wholesale ~~the~~("dealer/distributor") ~~Company’s~~– ~~operations~~includes ~~constitute~~sales ato ~~single~~distributors, ~~operating~~law ~~segment~~enforcement ~~and~~agencies, ~~one~~retailers, ~~reportable~~and ~~segment~~international distributors.

The ~~tables~~CEO, ~~below~~who ~~summarize~~is also the ~~Company’s~~CODM, evaluates sales channel performance primarily based on sales channel revenue ~~for~~less ~~the~~cost ~~three~~of sales and ~~nine~~gross ~~months~~margin. ~~ended August~~Operating 31expenses, ~~2025~~including marketing and ~~2024~~variable expenses, ~~respectively~~executive compensation, public company costs, certain IT infrastructure costs, share-based compensation, and items not allocable to a specific segment, are reported as Other Items. No segment specific balance sheet information is regularly reviewed by ~~geographic~~the ~~region~~CODM; ~~(in~~therefore, ~~thousands):~~the Company does not report segment assets or segment liabilities

Revenue:
Three Months Ended	U.S./Mexico		South Africa		Europe/South America/Asia		Canada		Total
August 31, 2025	$	25,240	$	998	$	1,475	$	466	$	28,179
August 31, 2024	$	19,264	$	53	$	812	$	725	$	20,854

The tables below (in thousands) summarize, by geographic region, the Company’s revenue for the three months ended February 28, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and long-lived assets and total assets as of February 28, 2026 and November 30, 2025, respectively. The Company’s long-lived assets consist of intangible assets, property and equipment, right of use assets, and deposits for equipment:

Nine Months Ended	U.S./Mexico		South Africa		Europe/South America/Asia		Canada		Total
Revenue:
August 31, 2025	$	74,395	$	1,379	$	5,730	$	1,370	$	82,874
Three Months Ended	U.S./Mexico		South Africa		Europe/South America/Asia		Canada		Total
August 31, 2024	$	53,462	$	157	$	2,344	$	1,814	$	57,777
February 28, 2026	$	27,796	$	—	$	529	$	724	$	29,049
February 28, 2025	$	24,141	$	143	$	1,316	$	590	$	26,190

Long-lived assets	US		South Africa		Total
February 28, 2026	$	14,153	$	18	$	14,171
November 30, 2025	$	14,256	$	93	$	14,349

Total Assets	US		South Africa		Canada		Total
February 28, 2026	$	75,947	$	3,561	$	392	$	79,900
November 30, 2025	$	80,160	$	3,990	$	338	$	84,488

The table below (in thousands) summarize the Company’s revenue by reportable sales channel as of February 28, 2026:

	Three Months Ended
	February 28, 2026

	*DTC*			*Wholesale*			*Total*
Revenue	$	18,122		$	10,927		$	29,049
COS		6,329			5,319			11,648
Gross Margin	$	11,793		$	5,608		$	17,401
Gross Margin %		65.1	%		51.3	%		59.9	%

Operating Expenses							$	16,473

Profit from operations							$	928
Operating Margin %								3.2	%

The table below (in thousands) summarize the Company’s revenue by reportable sales channel as of February 28, 2025:

	Three Months Ended
	February 28, 2025

	*DTC*			*Wholesale*			*Total*
Revenue	$	19,898		$	6,292		$	26,190
COS		6,947			3,319			10,266
Gross Margin	$	12,951		$	2,973		$	15,924
Gross Margin %		65.1	%		47.3	%		60.8	%

Operating Expenses							$	14,228

Profit from operations							$	1,696
Operating Margin %								6.5	%

23.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them.

Currency Risk

The Company held ~~its~~ cash balances ~~within~~with banks in the ~~U.S.~~United States denominated in U.S. dollars and with banks in South Africa denominated in U.S. dollars and South African rand., ~~The~~and ~~Company’s~~with ~~operations~~banks ~~are~~in ~~conducted~~Canada denominated in ~~the~~Canadian Udollars.S. ~~and~~The South ~~Africa.~~African ~~The~~rand ~~value~~and of the ~~South~~Canadian ~~African~~dollar may ~~rand~~fluctuate against the U.S. dollar ~~may~~ ~~fluctuate~~based ~~with~~ on changes in economic conditions.

During the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, in comparison to the prior year period, the U.S. dollar on average was stronger in relation to the South African rand, and upon the translation of the Company’s subsidiaries’ ~~revenues~~assets, ~~expenses~~liabilities, ~~assets~~ and ~~liabilities~~certain ~~held~~operating expenses denominated in South African rand. The Company recorded a translation adjustment gain of ~~less~~approximately ~~than~~ $0.13 million and a translation adjustment loss of $0.41 million related to the South African rand during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~ 312025, ~~2024,~~ respectively. The ~~Company recorded a~~ translation adjustment ~~gain of approximately $0.1 million and $0.4 million~~ related to the ~~South~~Company’s ~~African~~Canadian ~~rand~~subsidiary, ~~during~~which ~~the three~~was ~~months~~established ~~ended August~~in 312025, ~~2025~~was ~~and August~~immaterial ~~31,~~for ~~2024~~the period.

The Company’s South African subsidiary ~~revenues,~~incurs ~~cost of goods sold,~~ operating costs ~~and capital expenditures are~~ denominated in South African rand. Consequently, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar exchange rate against the South African rand increases the volatility of sales, cost of goods sold and operating costs and overall net earnings when translated into U.S. dollars. The Company is not using any forward or option contracts to fix the foreign exchange rates. Using a 10% fluctuation in the U.S. exchange rate, the impact on the income and stockholders’ equity is not material.

The Company’s Canadian subsidiary’s revenues, cost of goods sold, operating costs, and capital expenditures are denominated in Canadian dollars. Consequently, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar exchange rate against the Canadian dollar may increase the volatility of reported sales, cost of goods sold, operating costs, and net earnings when translated into U.S. dollars. The Company does not currently use forward contracts, options, or other derivative instruments to manage foreign‑currency exchange risk. Management believes that the impact of reasonably possible changes in foreign‑currency exchange rates on the Company’s loss and stockholders’ equity is not material.

ii)

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, accounts receivable, and the loan receivable from Byrna LATAM. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions located in the US, Canada, and South Africa. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents balances along with marketable securities with financial institutions in the US in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Company provides credit to its customers in the normal course of its operations. It carries out, on a continuing basis, credit checks on its customers. As of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, two of the Company's customers accounted for approximately 3250% of total accounts receivable. As of November 30, ~~2024~~2025, two of the Company's customers accounted for approximately 3647% of total accounts receivable.

The Company loaned $1.6 million to Byrna LATAM in January 2023 (see Note 8). The Company determines if an estimate for a credit loss on this loan is needed by considering the financial position of Byrna LATAM, the current economic environment, collections on our accounts receivable balances with Byrna LATAM, as well reasonable and supportable forecasts to support the payment of this loan. The Company reviews these factors quarterly to determine if any adjustments are needed.

The Company’s marketable debt securities consist of U.S. Treasury Securities, and Corporate Bonds. The Company’s investment policy limits the amounts the Company may invest in any one type of investment and requires all investments held by the Company to be at least AA-/Aa3 rated, thereby reducing credit risk exposure.

1820

24.

CREDIT FACILITY

On February 3, 2026, the Company entered into a credit agreement with Texas Capital Bank (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a total committed credit facility of $20.0 million, consisting of (i) a $5.0 million revolving line of credit and (ii) a $15.0 million delayed draw term loan. The Credit Agreement has a five‑year term and matures on February 3, 2031. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 2.50% to 2.75%, depending on certain financial ratios. The Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets.

The revolving line of credit is available for general corporate purposes, including working capital, subject to customary borrowing conditions. The delayed draw term loan is available during a 24‑month availability period beginning February 4, 2026, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions precedent at the time of each borrowing, including the absence of an event of default, compliance with applicable financial covenants on a pro forma basis, and restrictions limiting the use of proceeds to permitted acquisitions. Amounts borrowed under the delayed draw term loan may not be reborrowed once repaid.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company incurred debt issuance costs, which were immaterial to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The portion of debt issuance costs expected to be amortized over the next twelve months is included in Prepaid assets and other current assets, with the remaining balance included in Other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of February 28, 2026, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. The Company had $5.0 million available under the revolving line of credit and $15.0 million of committed delayed draw term loan capacity during the availability period, subject to the conditions and restrictions described above.

ITEM 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (the “Quarterly Report”) to “we,” “us” or the “Company” refer to Byrna Technologies Inc. References to our “management” or our “management team” refer to our officers and directors. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act") that are not historical facts and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected and projected. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report including, without limitation, statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” "may," “estimate,” "opportunity," "could," “seek” and variations and similar words and expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance, but reflect management’s current beliefs, based on information currently available. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from the events, performance and results discussed in the forward-looking statements. For information identifying important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the Risk Factors section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, ~~2024~~2025 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 75, ~~2025~~2026, as amended on March 3130, ~~2025~~ 2026 (the “~~2024~~2025 10-K”), and the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC, all of which can be accessed on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Except as expressly required by applicable securities law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, including but not limited to our ability to design, introduce and sell new products, services and features, the impact of any regulatory proceedings or litigation, our ability to protect our intellectual property and compete with existing and new products, the impact of stock compensation expense, dividends, warrant exercises and related accounting, impairment expense and income tax expense on our financial results, our ability to manage our supply chain and avoid production delays, shortages or other factors, including product mix, cost of parts and materials and cost of labor that may impact our gross margins, our ability to retain and incentivize key management personnel, product defects, the success of our entry to new markets, customer purchase behavior and negative media publicity or public perception of our brand or products, restrictions or prohibitions imposed by advertising platforms, loss of customer data, breach of security or an extended outage related to our e-commerce storefronts, including a breach or outage by our third party cloud based storage providers, exposure to international operational risks, delayed cash collections or credit losses, determinations or audits by taxing authorities, changes in government regulations, the impact of existing or future regulation by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, import and export regulators, or other federal or state authority, or changes in international law in key jurisdictions including South America and South Africa or our inability to obtain needed exemptions from such existing or future regulation.

OVERVIEW

The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand us, our operations and our financial performance. It should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, which are included in Item 1 of this report.

Byrna Technologies ~~is a designer~~Inc. designs, ~~manufacturer~~manufactures, ~~retailer~~retails and ~~distributor~~distributes ~~of innovative~~less ~~technological~~lethal personal security solutions intended for ~~security~~ situations that do not require the use of lethal force. Our ~~mantra is Live Safe, and our core~~ mission is to empower individuals to ~~safely~~protect themselves and ~~fully~~others, ~~engage in life~~ and ~~adventure.~~our ~~Our~~product ~~design~~strategy ~~team’s~~emphasizes ~~directive~~ease isof ~~to build easy-to-~~use, ~~self-defense~~effectiveness, ~~tools~~and toreliability ~~enhance~~in ~~the~~both ~~safety~~consumer ~~of our customers~~ and ~~their~~professional ~~loved~~safety ~~ones at home and outdoors~~environments. We ~~are~~ also ~~focused~~develop ~~on developing~~ tools ~~that~~intended ~~can~~to beserve ~~used~~as ~~instead~~alternatives ofto traditional firearms byfor ~~professional~~ law enforcement and private security customers towith ~~reduce~~the ~~shootings~~goal ~~and~~of ~~facilitate~~reducing ~~trust~~firearm ~~between~~related ~~police~~incidents and ~~the~~supporting ~~communities~~de-escalation ~~they seek to serve~~practices. Our strategy isincludes topositioning ~~establish~~ Byrna® as a consumer lifestyle brand associated with ~~the~~personal confidence ~~people~~and ~~can achieve by knowing they can protect themselves~~safety, ~~their~~while ~~loved~~expanding ~~ones and those around them. We believe we have a significant opportunity to leverage the Byrna brand to expand~~ our product ~~line,~~portfolio to broaden ~~our~~market ~~user~~reach ~~base~~ and ~~generate~~drive ~~increasing~~ sales growth from both new and existing customers.

1922

Our business strategy is twofold: (1) to fulfill the growing demand for less-lethal products in the law enforcement, correctional services, and private security markets and (2) to provide civilians – including those whose work or daily activities may put them at risk of being a victim – with easy access to an effective, ~~non~~less-lethal way to protect themselves and their loved ones from threats to their person or property.

We believe ~~that~~demand ~~the~~for ~~United~~less ~~States,~~lethal ~~along~~products ~~with~~in ~~many other parts of~~ the ~~world,~~United isStates ~~experiencing~~and ainternationally ~~significant~~continues ~~spike~~to inrise ~~the demand for less-lethal products~~ and that ~~the~~this ~~less-lethal~~category ~~market~~ will beremain ~~one~~a ~~of the faster~~ growing ~~segments~~segment of the broader security market ~~over the next decade~~. We plan to ~~respond~~meet to this demand ~~for~~by ~~less-lethal~~manufacturing ~~products~~and ~~through~~distributing ~~the~~our ~~serial~~Byrna® ~~production~~SD, Byrna LE and ~~distribution~~most ofrecently ~~the~~our Byrna® SDCL ~~and~~launchers, along with continued expansion of ~~the~~our ~~Byrna~~accessory ~~product~~and ~~line~~ammunition offerings.

On January 10, 2023, we created a new joint venture, Byrna LATAM, with Fusady S.A. ("Fusady") located in Uruguay, to expand our operations and presence in South American markets. We held 51% of the stock in Byrna LATAM, and the remaining 49% of stock in Byrna LATAM was held by Fusady. Under the terms of the joint venture, we did not control the Byrna LATAM. On August 19, 2024 we sold our 51% ownership interest to Fusady for $1 and entered into an exclusive distribution, manufacturing and licensing agreement with Byrna LATAM. The LATAM Licensing Agreement allows Byrna LATAM to exclusively manufacture the Byrna SD launcher and ammunition in certain South American countries and requires Byrna LATAM to pay us a royalty on Byrna products manufactured. The LATAM Share Purchase Agreement also includes put and call rights based on defined triggers that expire August 19, 2029.

On July 31, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a plan to buy back up to $10 million worth of shares of our common stock (the “Stock Buyback Program”). The Stock Buyback Program is intended to return capital to shareholders and to minimize the dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards. The Stock Buyback Program will expire on the sooner of the two-year anniversary of its initiation or until we reach the aggregate limit of $10 million for the repurchases under the program.

Beginning in fiscal year 2025, we also reorganized our operations into two reportable sales channels, Direct‑to‑Consumer (“DTC”) and Wholesale (dealer/distributor), to align with our expanded omnichannel strategy, the opening of Company‑operated retail stores, and increased penetration into national retail chains and international distributors.

The Company operates primarily in the United States and Canada through wholly owned subsidiaries.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 as compared to three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025:

Net Revenue

The Company presents revenue net of returns, allowances, and discounts. Net revenues were $2829.20 million in the ~~second~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2025~~2026 which represents an increase of $72.38 million, or 3510.17%, as compared to the prior year period revenues of $2026.92 million. ~~Most~~ ofThe ~~the~~ increase inwas ~~revenue~~primarily ~~can~~driven beby ~~attributed~~higher towholesale adealer ~~new~~and ~~marketing~~distributor ~~strategy~~sales, ~~implemented~~which inincreased ~~September~~by of$4.4 ~~2023, shifting advertising efforts away from social media platforms and towards celebrity endorsers~~million. Direct to customer sales, via Amazon and our website, ~~increased~~ decreased by $01.28 million, or 18.49%, from $1619.19 million in the ~~third~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2024~~2025 to $1618.31 million in the same fiscal quarter of ~~2025~~2026. Sales to domestic dealers and retailers ~~also~~ improved in the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, increasing by ~~155~~114.29% to $810.71 million from $3.4 .7 million in the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. Sales to international markets, including Canada, ~~increased~~ decreased from $12.3 0 million in the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025 to $21.93 million in the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025. In addition~~2026, ~~the~~which ~~Company recognized~~ includes $0.32 million in royalty revenue related to the LATAM Licensing Agreement during the ~~third~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2025~~2026.

Segment Results

Direct‑to‑Consumer (DTC)

DTC revenue decreased to $18.1 million in the first fiscal quarter of 2026 compared to $19.9 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by a decline in direct‑to‑customer sales through the Company’s online channels, including Amazon and the Company’s website.

Wholesale (Dealer/Distributor)

Wholesale revenue increased to $10.7 million in the first fiscal quarter of 2026 compared to $6.3 million in the prior year period, reflecting (i) expanded relationships with national and regional retailers, (ii) enhanced engagement with distributors, and (iii) increased law‑enforcement interest.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold was $11.36 million in the ~~second~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2025~~2026 compared to $710.83 million in the prior year period. This increase of $31.53 million, or 4412.96%, is primarily due to the increase in sales volumes. Cost of goods sold attributable to Direct‑to‑Consumer (“DTC”) was $6.3 million in the first fiscal quarter of 2026, compared to $7.0 million in the prior year period. Cost of goods sold attributable to Wholesale was $5.3 million in the first fiscal quarter of 2026, compared to $3.3 million in the prior year period.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated as total revenue less cost of goods sold, and gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by total revenue. ~~Included~~Cost ~~as cost~~ of goods sold ~~are~~includes costs associated with the production and procurement of products, ~~such~~including as labor and overhead, inbound freight ~~costs~~, manufacturing depreciation, purchasing and receiving costs, and inspection costs. Gross profit was $1617.9 4 million induring the ~~third~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2025~~ 2026, or 6059.19% of net revenue, as compared to gross profit of approximately $1315.0 9 million, or 6260.48% of net revenue, in the prior ‑year period. The decrease in gross margin was primarily ~~due~~driven toby a shift in sales ~~channel~~ mix as atoward ~~larger~~Wholesale ~~proportion~~and ofRetail ~~sales were generated through wholesale~~ channels, which ~~typically~~generally carry lower ~~gross~~average ~~margins~~selling prices than ~~our~~Direct‑to‑Consumer (“DTC”) sales, as well as higher~~-margin~~ ~~ecommerce~~manufacturing ~~sales~~costs recognized in cost of goods sold during the period related to production variances.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses were $1416.15 million in the ~~third~~first fiscal quarter of ~~2025~~2026, an increase of $12.93 million, as compared to the prior year period expenses of $1214.2 million. The increase is due to an increase of $01.8 3 million in marketing expenses, as the company incurred additional marketing costs to support business growth, an increase of $0.8 2 million in variable expenses, which ~~increase~~increased in proportion to sales volume, an increase of $0.7 million in professional fees, largely attributable to higher accounting, audit, legal, and recruitment‑related costs, a $0.3 million increase in employee compensation costs, and an increase in credit losses of $0.4 million related to a higher allowance for certain customer receivables recorded during the quarter.

Other Income (Expense)

We recorded $0.2 million and $0.1 million of foreign currency transaction loss during the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 ~~compared~~and ~~to $0.1 million during the three months ended August 31~~2025, ~~2024~~respectively. We recorded $0.1 million of interest income during the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 compared to $0.3 2 million in the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025.

2023

Income Tax Provision

For the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025, we recorded less than $0.61 million ~~and~~of income atax ~~nominal~~benefit and ~~amount~~$0.1 million of income tax expense, respectively. For the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025, the effective tax rate was 20(0.564)% and 06.14%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended February 28, 2026 reflects discrete excess tax benefits related to the vesting of stock‑based compensation awards, which more than offset tax expense on pre‑tax income. Our tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% due to the effects of state taxes net of federal benefit, the foreign tax rate differential as a result of Byrna South Africa, ~~effects of~~ permanent non-deductible expenses, and ~~other~~discrete ~~effects~~items related to stock‑based compensation.

Net Income

Net income was $20.28 million for the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, ana ~~improvement~~ decrease of $10.29 million compared to $1.07 million for the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to providing financial measurements based on generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), we provide an additional financial metric that is not prepared in accordance with GAAP (non-GAAP) with presenting non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA. Management uses this non-GAAP financial measure, in addition to GAAP financial measures, to understand and compare operating results across accounting periods, for financial and operational decision making, for planning and forecasting purposes and to evaluate our financial performance. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure helps us to identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of certain expenses that we exclude in the calculations of the non-GAAP financial measure.

Accordingly, we believe that this non-GAAP financial measure reflects our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful comparisons and analysis of trends in the business and provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

This non-GAAP financial measure does not replace the presentation of our GAAP financial results and should only be used as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. There are limitations in the use of non-GAAP measures, because they do not include all the expenses that must be included under GAAP and because they involve the exercise of judgment concerning exclusions of items from the comparable non-GAAP financial measure. In addition, other companies may use other non-GAAP measures to evaluate their performance, or may calculate non-GAAP measures differently, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measure as a tool for comparison.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income excluding the impact of (i) depreciation and amortization; (ii) income tax provision (benefit); (iii) interest income (expense); (iv) stock-based compensation expense, (v) impairment loss and (vi) one-time, non-recurring other expenses or income. Our Adjusted EBITDA measure eliminates potential differences in performance caused by variations in capital structures (affecting finance costs), tax positions, the cost and age of tangible assets (affecting relative depreciation expense) and the extent to which intangible assets are identifiable (affecting relative amortization expense). We also exclude certain one-time and non-cash costs. Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, is as follows (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	August 31,
	February 28,
	2025			2024
	2026			2025
Net income	$	~~2,235~~801		$	1,~~025~~662
Adjustments:
Interest income		(9788	)		(~~281~~186	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		628			(78	)
Income tax (benefit) expense		(4	)		140
Depreciation and amortization		~~259~~635			~~263~~440
Non-GAAP EBITDA		31,~~025~~344			~~929~~2,056
Stock-based compensation expense		~~734~~535			~~819~~840
Severance/Officer recruiting		~~(36~~332	)		~~196~~130
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA	$	32,~~723~~211		$	13,~~944~~026

~~Nine months ended August 31, 2025 as compared to nine months ended August 31, 2024:~~ 24

Net Revenue

The Company presents revenue net of returns, allowances, and discounts. Net revenues were $82.9 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2025 which represents an increase of $25.1 million, or 43.4%, as compared to the prior year period revenues of $57.8 million. Most of the increase in revenue can be attributed to a new marketing strategy, implemented in September of 2023, shifting advertising efforts away from social media platforms and towards celebrity endorsers. Direct to customer sales, via Amazon and our website, which increased by $7.7 million, or 17.3%, from $44.4 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2024 to $52.1 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2025. Sales to domestic dealers and retailers also improved, increasing by 122.4% to $21.8 million from $9.8 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2024. Sales to international markets, including Canada, increased from $3.6 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2024 to $7.9 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2025. In addition, the Company recognized $1.1 million in royalty revenue related to the LATAM Licensing Agreement during the nine months ended August 31, 2025.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold was $32.5 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2025, compared to $22.6 million in the prior year period. This increase of $9.9 million, or 43.9%, is primarily due to the increase in sales volumes.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated as total revenue less cost of goods sold and gross margin is calculated as gross profit divided by total revenue. Included as cost of goods sold are costs associated with the production and procurement of products, such as labor and overhead, inbound freight costs, manufacturing depreciation, purchasing and receiving costs, and inspection costs. Gross profit was $50.4 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2025, or 60.8% of net revenue, as compared to gross profit of approximately $35.2 million, or 60.9% of net revenue, in the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to a shift in sales channel mix as a larger proportion of sales were generated through wholesale channels, which typically carry lower gross margins than our higher-margin ecommerce sales.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses were $42.5 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2025, an increase of $9.9 million, as compared to the prior year period expenses of $32.6 million. The increase is due to an increase of $3.3 million in marketing expenses, an increase of $2.7 million in variable expenses, which increase in proportion to sales volume, and an increase of $2.4 million in employee compensation costs.

Other Income (Expense)

We recorded $0.3 million of foreign currency transaction loss during the nine months ended August 31, 2025, compared to $0.4 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2024. We recorded $0.4 million of interest income during the nine months ended August 31, 2025, compared to $0.9 million in the nine months ended August 31, 2024.

Income Tax Provision

For the nine months ended August 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, we recorded $1.7 million of income tax expense and $0.1 million of income tax benefit, respectively. For the nine months ended August 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, the effective tax rate was 18.3% and 0.2%, respectively. Our tax rate differs from the statutory rate of 21.0% due to the effects of state taxes net of federal benefit, the foreign tax rate differential as a result of Byrna South Africa, effects of permanent non-deductible expenses, and other effects.

Net Income

Net income was $6.3 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2025, an improvement of $3.2 million compared to $3.1 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2024.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

	For the Nine Months Ended
	August 31,
	2025			2024
Net income (loss)	$	6,324		$	3,120
Adjustments:
Interest income		(400	)		(883	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,666			(75	)
Depreciation and amortization		696			1,113
Non-GAAP EBITDA	$	8,286			3,275
Stock-based compensation expense		2,297			2,615
Severance/Separation		210			431
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA	$	10,793		$	6,321

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flow Summary

Cash and cash equivalents as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 totaled $67.5 million, a decrease of $106.3 2 million from $1613.87 million of cash and cash equivalents as of November 30, ~~2024~~2025.

Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities was $114.54 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 compared to cash ~~provided~~used by in operations of $43.58 million during the prior year period. Net income was $60.3 8 million compared to $3.1.7 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 and ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025, respectively. Significant changes in noncash and working capital activity are as follows:

Non-cash activity includes stock-based compensation expense of $20.35 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, compared to $20.68 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025; and depreciation and amortization expense of $10.6 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, compared to $10.14 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025; ~~and a loss on disposal of fixed assets of $0.6 million~~ ~~for the nine months ended August 31, 2025 compared to less than $0.1 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2024.~~ In addition to the non-cash activities mentioned above, the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of less than $10.71 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, compared to ~~less than~~ $0.1 4 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025.

Inventory increased during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 by $140.1 3 million compared to aan increase of $53.92 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. Accounts receivable increased by $60.29 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 as compared to ~~a decrease~~an increase of $0.83 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities decreased during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 by $05.41 million compared to ~~an increase~~a decrease of $51.09 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased by $10.94 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 compared to an increase of $10.25 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. Operating lease liabilities decreased by $0.4 2 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 compared to a decrease of $0.51 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. Deferred revenues decreased $10.51 million during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 compared to a decrease of $1.13 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025.

Investing Activities

Cash ~~provided~~flows byused in investing activities was $0.6 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 compared to $15.43 million cash used for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. The prior year period investing activities primarily relates to the purchases of property and equipment and marketable securities while the current period relates to purchases of property and equipment~~, acquisition of Federal Firearms Licenses, and proceeds from sale of marketable securities~~. Property and equipment increased during the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 by $40.6 million compared to anpurchases ~~increase~~ of $12.46 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. ~~Proceeds~~During ~~from~~ the ~~sale~~three ~~of property and equipment during the nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, 2025, ~~was~~the ~~$0.1 million compared~~Company topurchased ~~less than~~ $02.17 million ~~for~~of ~~the~~marketable ~~nine months ended August 31, 2024. Marketable~~ debt securities ~~decreased during the nine months ended August 31, 2025 by $6~~.~~4 million.~~ There were no purchases of marketable debt securities ~~held~~ during the ~~same~~three ~~period~~months inended ~~the~~February ~~prior~~28, ~~year~~2026. Capital expenditures were higher than typical in the first half of the fiscal year due to the build out of retail stores and new ammunition manufacturing facility. Capital expenditures are expected to decrease in the fourth quarter of the current fiscal year.

Financing Activities

Cash ~~provided~~flows byused in financing activities was $0.1 .0 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~ 2026, compared to cash ~~used~~provided inby financing activities of $30.91 million for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2024~~2025. The current year amount was primarily composed of ~~proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.3 million,~~ taxes paid on issuances of restricted stock units of less than $0.1 million, and payments of $0.1 .0 million for repurchases of common stock. The prior year amount was primarily composed of proceeds from stock option exercises ~~of $0.1 million, stock repurchases of $3.2 million~~ and taxes paid on issuances of restricted stock units ~~of $0~~.~~8 million.~~

We require significant capital to meet our obligations as they become due. Throughout the next twelve months, we ~~intend~~ expect to fund our operations primarily from ~~the~~cash ~~funds~~generated ~~raised~~from ~~through~~operations. ~~our~~The ~~operations~~Company also has access to an existing credit facility, as discussed in Note 24, Credit Facility, which may be used, but is not currently anticipated to be drawn, to provide additional liquidity if needed. We may pursue ~~secondary~~additional equity offerings or debt financings to provide working capital and satisfy debt obligations. There can be no assurance as to the availability or terms upon which such financing and capital might be available in the future. If we are required to raise additional capital to support our operations and are unable to secure additional funding, we may be forced to curtail or suspend our business plans.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

2325

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 5, “Recent Accounting Guidance,” in the Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this report for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of significant accounting policies, which require management to make significant estimates and assumptions. Our significant accounting policies are outlined in Note 4, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of the ~~2024~~2025 10-K. During the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in our ~~2024~~2025 10-K.

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026 pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information that we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our CEO and CFO concluded with reasonable assurance, that as of ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes that occurred during the ~~third~~first quarter of ~~2025~~2026 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the normal course of business, we occasionally become involved in various legal proceedings. The results of any such proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty because such matters are inherently uncertain. Significant damages or penalties may be sought in some matters, and some matters may require years to resolve. In our opinion, at this time, any liability from such proceedings would not have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in this report include the “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, ~~2024~~2025, filed with the SEC on February 75, ~~2025~~2026, as amended on March 3130, ~~2025~~2026. ~~Except~~There ~~as set forth below, there~~ have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our ~~2024~~2025 Form 10-K.

Tariffs, sanctions, restrictions on imports or other trade barriers between the United States and various countries may impact our revenue and results of operations.

Political changes and trends such as populism, protectionism, economic nationalism and sentiment toward internationally operating companies, and resulting tariffs, export controls, trade sanctions, sanctions blocking statutes, or other trade barriers, or changes to tax or other laws and policies, have been and may continue to be disruptive and costly to our business, and these can interfere with our expanding international sales, supply chain, production costs, customer relationships, and competitive position. For example, the current presidential administration has imposed tariffs on goods from a variety of countries. These tariffs currently affect a small portion of the components of our products that we import and we may be required to raise our prices on those products due to the tariffs or share the cost of such tariffs with our customers, which could harm our operating performance. We work closely with third parties who monitor, evaluate and keep us informed about the potential impact of the effective and proposed tariffs as well as other recent changes in foreign trade policy on our supply chain, costs, sales and profitability and seek to implement strategies to mitigate such impact, including reviewing sourcing options and working with our vendors and merchants to seek to minimize product coming from China and other countries both in existing and new product development and select suppliers in low cost regions where tariff issues are less challenging. Notwithstanding these efforts, it is possible that further tariffs may be imposed on our other imports, or that our business will be impacted by retaliatory trade measures taken by other countries in response to existing or future tariffs, causing us to raise prices or make changes to our operations, any of which could materially harm our revenue or operating results. Further escalation of specific trade tensions, such as those between the United States and China, or in global trade conflict more broadly could be harmful to global economic growth, and related decreases in confidence or investment activity in the global markets would adversely affect our business performance. We do business in emerging market jurisdictions, such as South Africa and South America, where economic, political and legal risks are heightened.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

On July 31, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a program to buy back up to $10 million worth of shares of our Common Stock from the open market during a period of two years (the “Stock Buyback Program”). The Stock Buyback Program is intended to return capital to shareholders and to minimize the dilutive impact of stock options and other share-based awards. During the three months ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, no58,905 shares of common stock were repurchased for $1.0 million. See Note 15 of our notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Stock Buyback Program.

ITEM 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

OTHER INFORMATION.

Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements:

During the fiscal quarter ended ~~August~~February 3128, ~~2025~~2026, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption, modification or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408~~, except as described in the table below:~~.

Aggregate Number of

Shares of Common

Character of

Stock to be Purchased

Other

Trading

or Sold Pursuant to

Material

Date

Name & Title

Date Adopted

Arrangement (2)

Trading Arrangement

Duration (3)

Terms

Terminated

Luan Pham (1)

July 14, 2025

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement

Up to 142,661 shares to be sold

January 5, 2026 through December 21, 2026

N/A

1. Bryan Ganz, our Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, is an indirect holder of shares held by Northeast Industrial Partners LLC and disclaims beneficial ownership of these securities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. The inclusion of these shares in this report shall not be deemed an admission of beneficial ownership of all of the reported shares for purposes of Section 16 or for any other purpose.

2. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), as amended (the “Rule”), and complied with the then applicable requirements of the Rule at the time of adoption.

3. Except as indicated by footnote and unless terminated or suspended, each trading arrangement permits transactions through and including the earlier to occur of (a) the completion of all sales or (b) the date listed in the table. Each trading arrangement only permits transactions upon expiration of the applicable mandatory cooling-off period under the Rule. Each trading arrangement also provides for automatic expiration on the date on which the broker receives notice of the death of the applicable seller or of the commencement of any proceedings in respect of or triggered by the applicable seller’s bankruptcy or insolvency.

ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS.

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

No.	Description of Exhibit
4.1	Byrna Technologies Inc. Amended and Restated 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 7, 2025).
10.2	Separation Agreement between Byrna Technologies Inc. and David North, dated June 19, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 24, 2024).
10.3	Consulting Agreement between Byrna Technologies Inc. and David North, dated June 19, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 24, 2024).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a), as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.
**	Furnished.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Byrna Technologies Inc.
Date: October 9, 2025		/s/ Bryan Ganz
Date: April 9, 2026		/s/ Conn Davis
	Name:	~~Bryan~~Conn ~~Ganz~~Davis
	Title:	~~President and~~ Chief Executive Officer~~, Chairman of the Board~~
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: October 9, 2025		/s/ Laurilee Kearnes
Date: April 9, 2026		/s/ Laurilee Kearnes
	Name:	Laurilee Kearnes
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

2829

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