UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ___ TO ___.

Commission file number 001-38356

VYNE THERAPEUTICS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						45-3757789
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

P.O. Box 125

Stewartsville, New Jersey 08886

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

(800) 775-7936

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange
on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001

VYNE

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 30, 2025, there were 33,043,619 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
Part I	Financial Information	5
Item 1.	Unaudited Financial Statements	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	6

	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Changes In Stockholders' Equity	7
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	35

Part II	Other Information	35
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	40
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
Item 5.	Other Information	41
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
SIGNATURES		43

Table of contents

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements reflecting the current beliefs and expectations of management with respect to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “if,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “positioned,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “until,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations.

These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the following matters:

•our ability to successfully execute our business strategy, including our ability to successfully develop our bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (“BET”) inhibitor platform for immuno-inflammatory conditions;

•the timing of commencement of future preclinical studies and clinical trials and timing of data from those studies and trials;

•our ability to enroll patients and successfully complete, and receive favorable results in, clinical trials of our product candidates;

•the regulatory approval process for our product candidates, including any delay or failure in obtaining requisite approvals and our efforts to work with the FDA to lift the clinical hold on our Phase 1b trial of VYN202;

•our conducting and completion of a strategic review, and our pursuit of, and ability to successfully identify and execute, strategic transactions;

•our ability to find a development and commercialization partner for repibresib;

•our ability to regain and maintain compliance with the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market and any delisting or potential delisting of shares of our common stock;

•estimates of our expenses, capital requirements, our needs for additional financing and our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms or at all;

•the potential market size of treatments for any diseases and market adoption of our products, if approved or cleared for commercial use, by physicians and patients;

•disruptions related to macroeconomic conditions on our ability to initiate and retain patients in our clinical trials and progress preclinical studies and the ability of our suppliers to manufacture and provide materials for our product candidates;

•legislative, regulatory, political and geopolitical developments beyond our control, including inflationary pressures, general economic slowdown or a recession, high interest rates, changes in monetary policy, instability in financial institutions, rising geopolitical tensions including tariffs and the potential impact of the proposed BIOSECURE Act;

•our ability to create or in-license intellectual property and the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our product candidates and programs, including the projected terms of patent protection;

•developments and projections relating to our competitors and the markets in which we compete, including competing drugs and therapies, particularly if we are unable to receive exclusivity;

•our ability to comply with various regulations applicable to our business;

Table of contents

•our ability to successfully challenge intellectual property claimed by others;

•our intentions and our ability to establish collaborations or obtain additional funding;

•our ability to attract and retain key scientific or management personnel;

•risks and uncertainties arising out of the completed divestiture of our commercial business;

•our defense of any future litigation that may be initiated against us;

•our expectations regarding licensing, business transactions and strategic operations; and

•our future financial performance and liquidity.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss these risks in greater detail in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as in our other filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") from time to time. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

COMPANY REFERENCES

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, "VYNE," the "Company," "we," "us" and "our" refer to VYNE Therapeutics Inc. and its subsidiaries.

TRADEMARKS

The trademarks and registered trademarks of VYNE Therapeutics Inc. and our subsidiaries referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include VYNE Therapeutics, InhiBET, our logo and our name and logo used together. Third-party products and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

Table of contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

VYNE THERAPEUTICS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,346	$	19,926


Investment in marketable securities	13,354		41,590




Prepaid and other current assets	3,186		2,921


Total Current Assets	35,886		64,437
Non-current Assets:
Property and equipment, net	96		113
Operating lease right-of-use assets	—		93
Non-current prepaid expenses and other assets	150		2,262

Total Non-current Assets	246		2,468
Total Assets	$	36,132	$	66,905

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities:
Trade payables	$	1,197	$	2,707
Accrued expenses	1,710		9,272

Employee related obligations	1,137		1,428
Operating lease liabilities	—		99
Other current liabilities	—		1,313


Total Current Liabilities	4,044		14,819





Total Liabilities	$	4,044	$	14,819

Commitments and Contingencies




Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock: $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	—		—
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 31,772,904 and 14,830,013 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	3		1
Additional paid-in capital	784,897		783,235
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4		20
Accumulated deficit	(752,816)		(731,170)
Total Stockholders' Equity	32,088		52,086
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	36,132	$	66,905

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of contents

VYNE THERAPEUTICS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(U.S. dollars and share data in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues


Royalty revenues	$	169	$	121	$	440	$	417
Total revenues	169		121		440		417



Operating expenses:
Research and development	5,256		10,248		16,260		21,262
General and administrative	2,705		2,964		8,710		10,022


Total operating expenses	7,961		13,212		24,970		31,284
Operating loss	(7,792)		(13,091)		(24,530)		(30,867)

Other income, net	366		934		2,754		3,074
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(7,426)		(12,157)		(21,776)		(27,793)
Income tax expense	—		—		—		—
Loss from continuing operations	(7,426)		(12,157)		(21,776)		(27,793)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	146		—		130		(19)
Net loss	$	(7,280)	$	(12,157)	$	(21,646)	$	(27,812)

Loss per share from continuing operations, basic and diluted	$	(0.17)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.51)	$	(0.65)
Loss per share from discontinued operations, basic and diluted	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.17)	$	(0.29)	$	(0.51)	$	(0.65)

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic and diluted	42,801		42,587		42,745		42,592

Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities, net of tax of $0	6		92		(16)		8
Total other comprehensive gain (loss)	6		92		(16)		8
Comprehensive loss	$	(7,274)	$	(12,065)	$	(21,662)	$	(27,804)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of contents

VYNE THERAPEUTICS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Accumulated deficit				Total Stockholders' Equity
		Number of Shares	Amount		Amount
BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2024		14,098,888	$	1	$	780,044	$	26	$	(691,336)		$	88,735
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(27,812)			(27,812)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of withholding for tax, and shares issued under employee stock purchase plan		12,722	—		2		—		—			2
Stock-based compensation		—	—		2,604		—		—			2,604
Cashless exercise of pre-funded warrants		639,823	—		—		—		—			—
Unrealized gains from marketable securities		—	—		—		8		—			8





BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		14,751,433	$	1	$	782,650	$	34	$	(719,148)		$	63,537

BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2025		14,830,013	$	1	$	783,235	$	20	$	(731,170)		$	52,086
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(21,646)			(21,646)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of withholding for tax, and shares issued under employee stock purchase plan		162,933	—		(117)		—		—			(117)
Stock-based compensation		—	—		1,779		—		—			1,779


Cashless exercise of pre-funded warrants		16,779,958	2		—		—		—			2
Unrealized losses from marketable securities		—	—		—		(16)		—			(16)


BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2025		31,772,904	$	3	$	784,897	$	4	$	(752,816)		$	32,088

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of contents

VYNE THERAPEUTICS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Accumulated deficit				Total Stockholders' Equity
		Number of Shares	Amount		Amount
BALANCE AT JULY 1, 2024		14,536,124	$	1	$	781,917	$	(58)	$	(706,991)		$	74,869
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(12,157)			(12,157)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of withholding for tax, and shares issued under employee stock purchase plan		2,036	—		(1)		—		—			(1)
Stock-based compensation		—	—		734		—		—			734
Cashless exercise of pre-funded warrants		213,273	—		—		—		—			—
Unrealized gains from marketable securities		—	—		—		92		—			92
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		14,751,433	$	1	$	782,650	$	34	$	(719,148)		$	63,537

BALANCE AT JULY 1, 2025		19,773,784	$	2	$	784,418	$	(2)	$	(745,536)		$	38,882
CHANGES DURING THE PERIOD:
Net loss		—	—		—		—		(7,280)			(7,280)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of withholding for tax, and shares issued under employee stock purchase plan		32,773	—		(8)		—		—			(8)
Stock-based compensation		—	—		487		—		—			487
Cashless exercise of pre-funded warrants		11,966,347	1				—		—			1
Unrealized gains from marketable securities		—	—		—		6		—			6


BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2025		31,772,904	$	3	$	784,897	$	4	$	(752,816)		$	32,088

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of contents

VYNE THERAPEUTICS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(21,646)	$	(27,812)
Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	18		—

Stock-based compensation	1,779		2,604




Amortization of premium or discount on marketable securities	(688)		(1,899)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:


Trade receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets and operating lease right-of-use assets	1,939		(1,587)

Trade payables, accrued expenses, employee related obligations and other long-term liabilities	(10,663)		3,812
Operating lease liabilities	(99)		(91)
Net cash used in operating activities	(29,360)		(24,973)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:


Proceeds from sale and maturity of marketable securities	59,050		61,100
Purchases of marketable securities	(30,142)		(50,473)
Net cash provided by investing activities	28,908		10,627
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:


Withholdings from exercise of options and issuance of shares for stock-based compensation arrangements, net	(128)		(9)
Net cash used in financing activities	(128)		(9)
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(580)		(14,355)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period	19,926		30,674
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period	$	19,346	$	16,319

Cash and cash equivalents	19,346		16,272
Restricted cash	—		47
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	19,346	$	16,319

Supplementary information on investing and financing activities not involving cash flows:
Issuance of vested shares under employee stock purchase plan	$	13	$	11

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of contents

VYNE Therapeutics Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - NATURE OF OPERATIONS

VYNE Therapeutics Inc. (the "Company") is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing differentiated therapies to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions with high unmet need.

The Company has exclusive worldwide rights to research, develop and commercialize products containing small molecule bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (“BET”) inhibitors for the treatment of any disease, disorder or condition in humans, which the Company licensed from Tay Therapeutics Ltd., formerly known as In4Derm Ltd ("Tay"). Through its transaction with Tay, the Company obtained access to a library of new small molecule BET inhibitor compounds including those that inhibit both BD1 and BD2 (“pan-BD” BET inhibitor) and that selectively inhibit BD2 (“BD2-selective” BET inhibitor). Through its access to this library of new small molecule BET inhibitors, the Company plans to develop product candidates for a diverse set of therapeutic indications. The Company has chosen to initially focus its development efforts with these molecules on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, which are not being targeted by current BET inhibitors in development.

VYNE is developing VYN202, an oral, small molecule BD2-selective BET inhibitor. VYN202 has been designed to achieve potential class-leading potency and selectivity for BD2 vs. BD1. By maximizing BD2 selectivity, the Company believes VYN202 has the potential to be a potent oral immunomodulator option for both acute control and chronic management of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions, without the hematologic and gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with earlier generation systemic pan-BD BET inhibitors that were being developed in oncologic settings. The Company has completed a Phase 1a single ascending dose/multiple ascending dose ("SAD/MAD") trial of VYN202 in healthy volunteers and announced positive data from this trial in December 2024. The Company initiated a Phase 1b trial in February 2025 in adult subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

In April 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) verbally placed a clinical hold on the Company’s Phase 1b trial evaluating VYN202 in subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis following an observation of testicular toxicity in dogs from a non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202. In June 2025, the FDA lifted the clinical hold for two doses of VYN202 for female subjects. Further, the FDA has indicated that sufficient data from a 12-week non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202 in dogs would be required in order to resume studies in male clinical subjects. The design of this toxicology study has been agreed upon with the FDA and the Company has initiated the repeat non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202 in dogs to remedy the partial hold in male clinical subjects. There were no serious adverse events observed in subjects that were enrolled in the Phase 1b trial.

Following the clinical hold, the Company made the decision to unblind the clinical data from the seven subjects who were enrolled in the trial (VYN202 treated: n=6 across 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg doses; placebo treated: n=1). All subjects treated with VYN202 had an improvement in signs and symptoms of disease, while the subject who received placebo did not. In addition, the subjects who received VYN202 for greater than one week showed reductions in serum cytokine levels involved in the pathogenesis of plaque psoriasis, while there was no change in this biomarker level for the subject receiving placebo. Two subjects who enrolled in the trial also co-presented with psoriatic arthritis. The subject on VYN202 reported improvements in joint pain and showed a corresponding reduction in serum c-reactive protein levels, a biomarker associated with psoriatic arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, while the subject on placebo showed no joint pain improvement or biomarker reduction.

Based on this data, together with promising results from multiple preclinical models, VYNE terminated the Phase 1b psoriasis trial in support of continued advancement of VYN202 into other serious, immune-mediated diseases with more limited effective treatment options.

Until July 2025, the Company's lead product was repibresib gel (also known as VYN201), a topically administered, small molecule pan-bromodomain (“BD”) BET inhibitor designed as a “soft” drug to address diseases involving multiple, diverse inflammatory cell signaling pathways while providing low systemic exposure. In preclinical testing, repibresib produced consistent reductions in pro-inflammatory and disease-related biomarkers and improvements in disease severity across a variety of inflammatory and fibrotic preclinical models. The Company announced positive results from a Phase 1b trial evaluating repibresib in nonsegmental vitiligo in October 2023 and initiated a Phase 2b trial in nonsegmental vitiligo in June 2024. The trial evaluated 177 subjects (mITT population). In July 2025, the Company announced that the trial did not meet its primary endpoint of the proportion of subjects achieving an improvement in Facial Vitiligo Area Scoring Index of at least 50% from baseline (“F-VASI50”) at week 24 compared to vehicle. The trial also missed a key secondary endpoint of F-VASI75. However, the trial showed a nominally statistically significant treatment effect for the highest dose cohort in a key secondary endpoint, percent change-from-baseline (“CFB”) in F-VASI score at week 24 compared to vehicle (Repibresib 3%: -43.6% vs. Vehicle: -25.6%), and an exploratory endpoint of percent CFB in Total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index score at week 24 compared

Table of contents

to vehicle (Repibresib 3%: -28.3% vs. Vehicle: -16.2%). Based on these data, the Company has discontinued the ongoing extension phase of the trial and has terminated the trial. Repibresib gel is covered by patents providing composition of matter patent exclusivity into at least 2042 in the United States and into at least 2040 in Europe, Japan and other large global pharmaceutical markets. The Company is seeking an external partner for continued development of repibresib gel.

In August 2025, the Company's Board of Directors initiated a strategic review to evaluate a range of options to maximize stockholder value, including the assessment of its internal pipeline, financing opportunities and strategic alternatives. These alternatives may include strategic partnerships, licensing opportunities, merger or acquisition transactions, asset sales or other potential paths. As part of this process, which remains ongoing, VYNE will evaluate opportunities for VYN201 and VYN202, including as part of broader strategic alternatives. In conjunction, the Company has implemented cost reductions to extend its cash runway.

For additional information regarding the sale of the Company's legacy commercial business (the “MST Franchise”) to Journey Medical Corporation ("Journey") in January 2022 and the Company's licensing arrangements with Tay, see "Note 3 - Strategic Agreements."

The Company is a Delaware corporation and operates as one business segment. Its previous principal executive offices were in Bridgewater, New Jersey, however, starting November 1, 2025, the Company operates on a fully remote model.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $32.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $752.8 million. The Company had no outstanding debt as of September 30, 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $21.6 million and used $29.4 million of cash in operations. The Company is conducting a strategic review to evaluate a range of options to maximize stockholder value, including the assessment of its internal pipeline, financing opportunities and strategic alternatives. These alternatives may include strategic partnerships, licensing opportunities, merger or acquisition transactions, asset sales or other potential paths.

Other than in connection with its legacy commercial business that was sold in January 2022, the Company has funded its operations primarily through private and public placements of its equity, debt and warrants and through fees, cost reimbursements and payments received from its licensees. The Company has incurred losses and experienced negative operating cash flows since its inception and anticipates that it will continue to incur losses until such a time when its product candidates, if approved, are commercially successful, if at all. The Company will not generate any revenue from any current or future product candidates unless and until it obtains regulatory approval and commercializes such products.

If the Company's available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are insufficient to satisfy its liquidity requirements, the Company may need to raise additional capital to fund its operations. No assurance can be given as to whether additional needed financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. If sufficient funds on acceptable terms are not available when needed, the Company may be required to suspend or forego certain planned activities. Failure to manage discretionary spending or raise additional financing, as needed, would adversely impact the Company’s ability to achieve its intended business objectives and have an adverse effect on its results of operations and future prospects. In addition, the amount of proceeds the Company may be able to raise pursuant to its currently effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 is limited. As of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company is subject to the general instructions of Form S-3 known as the "baby shelf rules." Under these rules, the amount of funds the Company can raise through primary public offerings of securities in any 12-month period using its registration statement on Form S-3 is limited to one-third of the aggregate market value of the shares of the Company's common stock held by its non-affiliates. Therefore, the Company will be limited in the amount of proceeds it is able to raise by selling shares of common stock using its Form S-3 until such time as the Company's public float exceeds $75.0 million.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Subtopic 205-40, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The Company believes its existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are sufficient to fund its operating and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a.Basis of presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial statements. In the opinion of management, the Company has made all necessary adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments necessary for a

Table of contents

fair statement of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flow and statement of stockholders' equity for the interim periods presented. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025.

The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

b.Principles of consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

c.Use of estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include research and development accruals. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates.

d.Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers cash equivalents to be all short-term, highly liquid investments, which include short-term bank deposits, treasury bills and money market funds with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase that are not restricted as to withdrawal or use and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.

e.Marketable securities

Marketable securities with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as short-term. Marketable securities with remaining maturities of greater than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term.

The Company classifies all marketable securities as available-for-sale debt securities. The Company’s marketable securities are measured and reported at fair value using either quoted prices in active markets for identical securities or quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar securities. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of securities sold is determined on a specific identification basis, and realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income, net within the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

f.Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. The Company’s property and equipment are depreciated by the straight-line method on the basis of their estimated useful life.

Estimated useful lives are as follows:


			Estimated Useful Life


Office equipment			5 years

g.Revenue recognition

The Company accounts for its revenue transactions under the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In accordance with ASC Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenues when its customers obtain control of its product for an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive from its customers in exchange for that product. To determine revenue recognition for contracts that are determined to be in scope of ASC Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a

Table of contents

customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when such performance obligation is satisfied.

Following the disposition of the MST Franchise in January 2022, the Company does not have any revenue generating products; however, the Company may receive royalty revenues from the sale of specified products (see "Note 4 - Discontinued Operations").

Royalty Revenues and Collaboration Agreements

The Company is entitled to royalty payments with respect to sales of Finacea foam. The Company previously licensed the rights to Finacea foam to LEO Pharma A/S ("LEO Pharma"). Finacea foam was not part of the MST Franchise that was sold in January 2022. Royalties are recognized as revenue when the product is sold by LEO Pharma. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, royalty revenues were $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. For both the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, royalty revenues were 0.4 million.

For collaboration agreements under ASC 606, the Company identifies the contract, identifies the performance obligations, determines the transaction price, allocates the contract transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizes the revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company identifies the performance obligations included within the agreement and evaluates which performance obligations are distinct. Upfront payments for licenses are evaluated to determine if the license is capable of being distinct from the obligations to participate on certain development and/or commercialization committees with the collaboration partners and supply manufactured drug product for clinical trials. For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, the Company utilizes the input method and revenue is recognized by consistently applying a method of measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The Company periodically reviews estimated periods of performance based on the progress under each arrangement and accounts for the impact of any changes in estimated periods of performance on a prospective basis.

Milestone payments are a form of variable consideration as the payments are contingent upon achievement of a substantive event. Milestone payments are estimated and are included in the transaction price when the Company determines that it is probable that there will not be a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized in future periods.

Product Sales Provisions

The Company’s net product revenues were generated through sales of AMZEEQ, which was approved by the FDA in October 2019 and was commercially launched in the United States in January 2020, and ZILXI, which was approved by the FDA in May 2020 and was commercially launched in the United States in October 2020. The Company sold the MST Franchise on January 12, 2022 and, as such, the Company no longer generates revenue from the sale of these products.

Provisions for distribution fees, trade discounts and chargebacks related to the sales of AMZEEQ and ZILXI are reflected as a reduction to trade receivables, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. All other provisions, including rebates, other discounts and return provisions are reflected as a liability within accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The revenue reserve liability was $0.2 million and $2.1 million for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Under the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company retained and is responsible for historical liabilities of the commercial business operations based on events occurring prior to the sale other than those liabilities expressly assumed by Journey.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The Company did not have any contract assets (unbilled receivables) related to product sales as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024, as customer invoicing generally occurred before or at the time of revenue recognition. Similarly, the Company did not have any contract assets (unbilled receivables) related to its royalty revenues as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Table of contents

The Company did not have any contract liabilities as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024, as the Company did not receive payments in advance of fulfilling its performance obligations to its customers.

h.Collaboration arrangements

The Company analyzes its collaboration arrangements to assess whether they are within the scope of ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements (ASC 808), to determine whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and exposed to significant risks and rewards that are dependent on the commercial success of such activities. To the extent the arrangement is within the scope of ASC 808, the Company will assess whether aspects of the arrangement between it and their collaboration partner are within the scope of other accounting literature.

i.Research and development expenses

All expenses associated with research and development are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include expenses directly attributable to conducting the Company's research and development programs, including expenses incurred under arrangements with third parties, such as contract research organizations, contract development and manufacturing organizations and consultants as well as the cost of clinical trials, clinical trial supplies, salaries, stock-based compensation expenses, payroll taxes and other employee benefits.

Expenses are considered incurred based on the evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks under each contract using information and data provided by the service providers and vendors or the Company's estimate of the level of service that has been performed at each reporting date, whereas payments are dictated by the terms of each agreement, such as the successful enrollment of a certain number of patients, site initiation, and the completion of clinical trial milestones. As such, depending on the timing of payment relative to the receipt of goods or services, management may record prepaid expenses, accrued expenses, or other assets.

j.Credit losses

An allowance is maintained for potential credit losses in accordance with accounting standards update ("ASU") No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. The Company evaluates its allowance based on expected losses rather than incurred losses, which is known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The allowance is determined using the loss rate approach and is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Where financial instruments do not share risk characteristics, they are evaluated on an individual basis. The allowance is based on relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

k.Fair value measurement

Fair value is based on the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets but corroborated by market data or active market data of similar or identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

l.Income taxes

Deferred taxes

Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws. A valuation allowance is recognized to the extent

Table of contents

that it is more likely than not that the deferred taxes will not be realized in the foreseeable future. Given the Company’s losses, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance with respect to its deferred tax assets.

Uncertainty in income tax

The Company follows a two-step approach in recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained based on technical merits. If this threshold is met, the second step is to measure the tax position as the largest amount that has more than a 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company’s net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards are subject to annual limitations imposed by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company completed a Section 382 study through March 31, 2025, identifying ownership changes in connection with the 2020 merger between Menlo Therapeutics (the Company's predecessor company) and Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and with the private placement transaction in November 2023. These ownership changes resulted in federal NOLs expected to expire unutilized.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA")

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"), which made comprehensive revisions to federal corporate income tax provisions, including those related to research and development expense treatment, full expensing of business assets, interest deduction limitations, and international tax regimes such as global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"), foreign-derived intangible income ("FDII"), and controlled foreign corporation ("CFC") look-through rules.

The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new law on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

m.Net loss per share

Net loss per share, basic and diluted, is computed on the basis of the net loss from continuing operations for the period divided by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock and of common stock equivalents outstanding when dilutive. The Company has issued pre-funded warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the "Pre-Funded Warrants"), which do not expire until they are exercised in full (see “Note 8 - Stockholders' Equity”). Pursuant to the guidance of ASC 260-10, the Company concluded that because the equity-classified Pre-Funded Warrants were immediately exercisable for little or no cash consideration, due to the non-substantive exercise price, all of the necessary conditions for issuance of the underlying shares of common stock had been met when the Pre-Funded Warrants were issued. Therefore, the underlying shares of common stock should be included in the denominator for both the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and warrants were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (data presented as number of shares):


	September 30,
(in numbers of shares)		2025	2024
Outstanding stock options and RSUs		3,466,540	2,378,566
Warrants		27,509	27,509

n.Concentration of credit risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. The Company deposits cash and cash equivalents with highly rated financial institutions and, as a matter of policy, limits the amounts of credit exposure to any single financial institution. In addition, all marketable securities carry a high credit rating or are government insured. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses in these accounts and does not believe it is exposed to significant credit risk on these instruments.

Existing royalty receivables relate to one customer, but do not present a credit risk due to their immaterial nature.

Table of contents

o.Employee Retention Tax Credit

In March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law, providing numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including employee retention tax credits (“ERTC”). The ERTC was a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes for qualifying businesses retaining employees on their payroll during the COVID-19 pandemic and allowed eligible employers to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security tax equal to 70% of the qualified wages they paid to employees, initially from March 27, 2020 until June 30, 2021, and extended through September 30, 2021. During 2022, the Company filed returns with the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and claimed credits totaling $1.3 million. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company received the full $1.3 million. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for government assistance to for-profit business entities, the Company has accounted for the ERTC by analogy to International Accounting Standard, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance (“IAS 20”). The IRS examination of the ERTC filings was closed in April 2025. As a result, $1.3 million of other income was recognized on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, in conjunction with the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with the previously accrued amount.

p.Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own common stock, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent reporting period end date while the warrants are outstanding. For issued warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Liability-classified warrants are required to be accounted for at fair value both on the date of issuance and on subsequent accounting period ending dates, with all changes in fair value after the issuance date recorded as a component of other income, net in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of the Company's outstanding warrants were equity-classified warrants.

q.Newly issued and recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" (ASU 2023-09), which is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Public business entities are required to adopt this standard for annual fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Comprehensive Income (Topic 220)—Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses" ("ASU 2024-03"), to improve financial reporting by requiring disclosures in the notes to financial statements about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The requirements of the ASU, as clarified by ASU 2025-01 issued in January 2025, are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The requirements will be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, to introduce a practical expedient to calculating current expected credit loss by assuming that the current conditions as of the balance sheet date will not change for the remaining life of the asset. This expedient can only be applied to current accounts receivable and current contract assets. This update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim periods within those annual periods, and this update is applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual periods in which financials have not been issued. The Company is evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on its unaudited condensed financial statements and related disclosures.

Table of contents

NOTE 3 - STRATEGIC AGREEMENTS

Agreements with Tay Therapeutics

Evaluation and Option Agreement

In April 2021, the Company entered into an Evaluation and Option Agreement (the “Option Agreement”) with Tay. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, Tay granted the Company an exclusive option to obtain certain exclusive worldwide rights to research, develop and commercialize products containing Tay’s BET inhibitor compounds for the treatment of any disease, disorder or condition in humans. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to stabilize, develop and manufacture a product with a pan-BD BET inhibitor as its active ingredient and Tay agreed to provide a mutually agreed data package and select new chemical entity development candidate from its highly selective BET inhibitor compounds (the "Oral BETi Compounds"). The Company paid a $1.0 million non-refundable cash payment to Tay upon execution of the Option Agreement, 50% of which was to be used by Tay in the development of the Oral BETi Compounds.

Under the terms of the Option Agreement, the Company's option (the "Oral Option") with respect to the Oral BETi Compounds was to expire on June 30, 2022 (the "Option Term"), but in June 2022, the Company and Tay entered into a Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) to extend the Option Term to February 28, 2023. In February 2023, the parties entered into an additional Letter Agreement (the "Second Letter Agreement") pursuant to which the Option Term was further extended to April 30, 2023. The Company exercised the Oral Option for VYN202 on April 28, 2023.

License for Locally Administered Pan-BD BET Inhibitor Program (Repibresib)

On August 6, 2021, the Company exercised its option with respect to the repibresib program and, on August 9, 2021, the parties entered into a License Agreement (the “Repibresib License Agreement”) granting the Company a worldwide, exclusive license that is sublicensable through multiple tiers to exploit certain of Tay’s pan-BD BET inhibitor compounds in all fields. The Company has the sole responsibility for development, regulatory, marketing and commercialization activities to be conducted for the licensed products at its sole cost and discretion. The Company is required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and, if approved, commercialize such products. Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, a joint development committee consisting of one representative from each party reviews the progress of the development plan for the licensed products. Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, the Company may develop a product that contains or incorporates a specific BET inhibitor, whether alone or in combination with other active ingredients, in any form, formulation, presentation, or dosage, and for any mode of administration.

The Company made a $0.5 million cash payment to Tay in connection with entering into the Repibresib License Agreement. Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, the Company has agreed to make cash payments to Tay of up to $15.75 million upon the achievement of specified clinical development and regulatory approval milestones with respect to each licensed topical product in the United States for all indications, of which $1.8 million has been paid or accrued through September 30, 2025. Tay is entitled to additional milestone payments upon the achievement of regulatory approvals in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, with respect to any products the Company commercializes under the Repibresib License Agreement, the Company will pay tiered royalties to Tay on net sales of such licensed products by the Company, its affiliates, or sublicensees, of 5%, 7.5% and 10% based on tiered annual net sales bands subject to specified reductions. The Company is obligated to pay royalties until the latest of (1) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of the relevant licensed product, (2) the expiration of the last valid claim of the licensed patent rights covering such licensed product in such country and (3) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity for the relevant licensed product in the relevant country, on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis.

Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, VYNE was granted a sublicense under certain intellectual property which was licensed to Tay by the University of Dundee (“Dundee”) pursuant to a certain license agreement between Tay and Dundee effective as of July 24, 2020 and amended and restated on October 8, 2021 (the “Head License”). On February 13, 2025, Tay and Dundee entered into an agreement for the termination of the Head License and assignment of such intellectual property from Dundee to Tay. Upon termination of the Head License, the Repibresib License Agreement was accordingly amended to reflect the assignment of the intellectual property to Tay upon its payment in full to Dundee. The amendment does not change any of Tay’s or VYNE’s rights or obligations under the Repibresib License Agreement, except that any references to the Head License were removed and any obligations owed by VYNE to Dundee with respect to repibresib are now owed to Tay.

Table of contents

License for Selective BET Inhibitor Program (VYN202)

On April 28, 2023, the Company exercised the Oral Option and entered into a license agreement (the "VYN202 License Agreement") with Tay granting the Company a worldwide, exclusive license that is sublicensable through multiple tiers to exploit certain of Tay’s Oral BETi Compounds in all fields. The Company has the sole responsibility for development, regulatory, marketing and commercialization activities to be conducted for the licensed products at the sole cost and discretion of the Company, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and, if approved, commercialize such products. VYNE may sublicense its rights to a third party without Tay’s consent. Pursuant to the License Agreement, a joint development committee consisting of one representative from each party reviews the progress of the development plan for the licensed products.

The Company made a cash payment of $3.75 million, after deducting the $250,000 paid in February 2023, to Tay in connection with entering into the VYN202 License Agreement. This payment was recorded as a research and development expense in the period paid. Pursuant to the terms of the VYN202 License Agreement, the Company agreed to make cash payments to Tay of up to $43.75 million upon the achievement of specified clinical development and regulatory approval milestones with respect to each licensed oral product in the United States for all indications, of which $2.3 million has been paid or accrued through September 30, 2025. In August 2025, the Company paid Tay $1,000,000 in partial satisfaction of the "Phase 2 Milestone" under the VYN202 License Agreement for the initiation of the Phase 1b trial in psoriasis. The VYN202 License Agreement was also amended in August 2025 to provide that upon initiation of a new clinical trial in a target patient population involving VYN202 for oral administration with an efficacy endpoint, regardless of the trial's phase designation or regulatory classification, the Company shall pay Tay the remaining $4,000,000 amount under the "Phase 2 Milestone." All other terms of the VYN202 License Agreement were unchanged.

Tay is entitled to additional milestone payments upon the achievement of regulatory approvals in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, with respect to any products the Company commercializes under the VYN202 License Agreement, the Company will pay tiered royalties to Tay on net sales of such licensed products by the Company, its affiliates, or sublicensees, of 5%, 7.5% and 10% based on tiered annual net sales bands subject to specified reductions. The Company is obligated to pay royalties until the latest of (1) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of the relevant licensed product, (2) the expiration of the last valid claim of the licensed patent rights covering such licensed product in such country and (3) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity for the relevant licensed product in the relevant country, on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis.

Sale of the MST Franchise

On January 12, 2022, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Journey pursuant to which the Company sold its MST Franchise to Journey. The assets included certain contracts, including the license agreement with Cutia Therapeutics (HK) Limited (“Cutia”), inventory and intellectual property related to the MST Franchise (together, the “Assets”). Pursuant to the Agreement, Journey assumed certain liabilities of the MST Franchise. There were no current or long-term liabilities recorded by the Company which were transferred to Journey.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $20.0 million at the closing of the sale of the MST franchise and received an additional $5.0 million deferred payment in January 2023. The Company is also eligible to receive sales milestone payments of up to $450.0 million in the aggregate upon the achievement of specified levels of net sales on a product-by-product basis, beginning with annual net sales exceeding $100.0 million (with products covered in three categories (1) AMZEEQ (and certain modifications), (2) ZILXI (and certain modifications), and (3) FCD105 and other products covered by the patents being transferred, including certain modifications). In addition, the Company is entitled to receive certain payments from any licensing or sublicensing of the assets by Journey outside of the United States.

NOTE 4 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The Company determined that the sale of the MST Franchise represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the business and therefore the MST Franchise met the criteria for classification as discontinued operations. Accordingly, the MST Franchise is reported as discontinued operations in accordance with ASC 205-20, Discontinued Operations. In accordance with ASC 205-20, only expenses specifically identifiable and related to a business to be disposed may be presented in discontinued operations. Historically, research and development, marketing, and general and administrative expenses in discontinued operations included corporate costs incurred directly to solely support the MST Franchise.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes was $146 thousand and $0, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the income from discontinued

Table of contents

operations, net of income taxes was $130 thousand, and the loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes was $19 thousand, respectively. In all periods presented, the income and loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes consisted primarily of revenue and general and administrative expenses.

There were no non-cash items related to discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The milestone payments for sales of ZILXI, AMZEEQ and FCD105 represent contingent consideration. Contingent consideration has been accounted for as a gain contingency in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, and will be recognized in earnings in the period when realizable.

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are classified in the tables below in one of the three categories described in “Fair value measurement (k)” in "Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies” above:


	September 30, 2025
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,346	$	—	$	—	$	19,346
Marketable securities	—		13,354		—		13,354
Total assets	$	19,346	$	13,354	$	—	$	32,700


	December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,926	$	—	$	—	$	19,926
Marketable securities	—		41,590		—		41,590
Total assets	$	19,926	$	41,590	$	—	$	61,516

Other financial instruments consist of trade receivables, trade payables and accrued expenses. The fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying values due to their short-term nature. In determining the fair value of its Level 2 investments, the Company relied on quoted prices for identical securities in markets that are not active. These quoted prices were obtained by the Company with the assistance of a third-party pricing service based on available trade, bid and other observable market data for identical securities.

NOTE 6 – MARKETABLE SECURITIES

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, marketable securities consisted of U.S. Government and agency debt securities as well as U.S. Treasury bills.

The following table sets forth the Company’s marketable securities:


	September 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2025		2024

U.S. Government and agency debt securities	$	500	$	10,572
U.S. Treasury bills	12,854		31,018
Total	$	13,354	$	41,590

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value were as follows:

Table of contents


	September 30, 2025
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
U.S. Government and agency debt securities	$	500			$	—	$	500
U.S. Treasury bills	$	12,850	$	4	$	—	$	12,854
Total	$	13,350	$	4	$	—	$	13,354


	December 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
U.S. Government and agency debt securities	$	10,568	$	4	$	—	$	10,572
U.S. Treasury bills	31,002		16		—		31,018
Total	$	41,570	$	20	$	—	$	41,590

As of September 30, 2025, there were $13.4 million of marketable securities, which were in an unrealized gain position. As of December 31, 2024, there were $41.6 million of the marketable securities, which were in an unrealized gain position. The Company determined that unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities were primarily due to interest rate changes. No allowance for credit losses related to any of these marketable securities was recorded for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. All maturities are less than 12 months.

NOTE 7 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following table sets forth the Company's property and equipment, net as of September 30, 2025:


	September 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2025		2024


Office equipment	$	117	$	117


Property and equipment	117		117
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(21)		(4)
Property and equipment, net	$	96	$	113

Depreciation expense totaled $6 thousand and $18 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. There was no depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Depreciation expense is included within general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

NOTE 8 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Preferred stock

As of September 30, 2025, the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (as amended, the "Certificate of Incorporation") authorized the Company to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. There were no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The voting powers (if any), preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions of any series of preferred stock will be set forth in a Certificate of Designation filed pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, as determined by the Company's Board of Directors.

Common stock

Pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive

Table of contents

dividends whenever funds are legally available and when and if declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of preferred stock outstanding. The Company has never declared any dividends on common stock.

Issuances of common stock and warrants

At-the-Market Equity Offering Program

On August 12, 2021, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the "Cantor Sales Agreement") with Cantor Fitzgerald to sell shares of the Company's common stock, from time to time, with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $50.0 million through an at-the-market equity offering program under which Cantor Fitzgerald would act as the Company's sales agent. Cantor Fitzgerald was entitled to compensation for its services equal to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Cantor Sales Agreement. In February 2024 the Cantor Sales Agreement was terminated. The Company cannot make any future sales of its common stock pursuant to the Cantor Sales Agreement.

On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Cowen Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC as sales agent (“Cowen”) under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of the Company's common stock through Cowen in an at-the-market offering having an aggregate offering price up to $50.0 million. Cowen is entitled to compensation for its services equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Cowen Sales Agreement. The Company did not sell any shares of common stock under the Cowen Sales Agreement during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Pre-Funded Warrants

In October 2023, the Company entered into a Security Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue to the Purchasers in a private placement shares of the Company’s common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants (the "Private Placement"). The Pre-Funded Warrants issued in the Private Placement will not expire until exercised in full. The Pre-Funded Warrants may not be exercised if the aggregate number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by the holder thereof immediately following such exercise would exceed a specified beneficial ownership limitation; provided, however, that a holder may increase or decrease the beneficial ownership limitation by giving 60 days’ notice to the Company, but not to exceed any percentage in excess of 19.99%.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, 639,854 of Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised pursuant to a net exercise mechanism. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 16,783,166 of Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised pursuant to a net exercise mechanism. As of September 30, 2025, 11,059,574 Pre-Funded Warrants remained outstanding.

Other Warrants

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had warrants to purchase an aggregate of 27,509 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding, with an exercise price of $8.40, and an expiration date of July 29, 2026. These warrants were issued by Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. in connection with a financing in July 2019 and were subsequently assumed by the Company in connection with the Merger (as defined below). Pursuant to the warrant certificate, the exercise price of the warrant will be proportionally adjusted in the event that the Company issues common stock at a price per share less than the exercise price (the "Down Round Feature"). In the event that the Down Round Feature is triggered, the Company must calculate the difference between the warrants’ fair value, using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, before and after the Down Round Feature was triggered using the original exercise price and the new exercise price. The exercise price will continue to be adjusted in the event the Company issues additional shares of common stock below the then-current exercise price, in accordance with the terms of the warrants.

The Pre-Funded Warrants and warrants are classified as a component of permanent equity because they are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the shares of common stock with which they were issued, are immediately exercisable, do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, and permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise. In addition, the Pre-Funded Warrants and warrants do not provide any guarantee of value or return.

NOTE 9 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2023 Equity Incentive Plan:

The Company maintains the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2023 Plan") and previously maintained the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan"). Following stockholder approval in December 2023, any shares then available for future grant under the 2019 Plan and 2018 Plan were allocated to the 2023 Plan and no further grants could be made under the 2018 Plan and the 2019 Plan. In December 2024, stockholders approved a proposal to

Table of contents

amend the 2023 Plan to increase shares available for grant under the 2023 Plan by 1,520,000 shares. As of September 30, 2025, 196,299 shares remained issuable under the 2023 Plan.

2024 Inducement Plan:

On February 28, 2024, the Board approved the Company's 2024 Inducement Plan (the "Inducement Plan"). Pursuant to the Inducement Plan and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4), the Company is permitted to grant equity awards as an inducement material to an individual's entering into employment with the Company, subject to certain conditions ("Inducement Grants"). In November 2024, the Board reduced the number of shares available to be issued under the Inducement Plan to one share. In May 2025, 100,000 shares were returned to the Inducement Plan as a result of forfeited equity awards. As of September 30, 2025, there were 100,001 shares available for future Inducement Grants, which includes shares underlying Inducement Grants that were forfeited.

2019 Employee Share Purchase Plan:

The Company has adopted an Employee Share Purchase Plan ("ESPP") pursuant to which qualified employees (as defined in the ESPP) may elect to purchase designated shares of the Company’s common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning or end of each semi-annual share purchase period (“Purchase Period”). Employees are permitted to purchase the number of shares purchasable with up to 15% of the earnings paid (as such term is defined in the ESPP) to each of the participating employees during the Purchase Period, subject to certain limitations under Section 423 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

As of September 30, 2025, 70,926 shares remained available for grant under the ESPP.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, 16,196 and 5,285 shares were purchased by employees pursuant to the ESPP, respectively.

Options granted to employees and directors:

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted options to employees and directors as follows:

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Award amount in shares

Exercise price range

Vesting period

Expiration

Options

1,582,500

$1.80 - $2.77

4 years

10 years

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the fair value of options granted to employees and directors was $3.6 million.

The fair value of each option granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing method. The volatility is based on a combination of historical volatilities of companies in comparable stages as well as companies in the industry, by statistical analysis of daily share pricing model. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of the options granted in dollar terms. The Company’s management uses the expected term of each option as its expected life. The expected term of the options granted represents the period of time that granted options are expected to remain outstanding and is based on the simplified method. Under the simplified method, the expected life of an option is presumed to be the midpoint between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term. The Company used the simplified method due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the stock options.

Table of contents

The underlying data used for computing the fair value of the options are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025
Exercise price	$1.80 - $2.77
Dividend yield	—	%
Expected volatility	101.91% - 104.79%
Risk-free interest rate	4.29% - 4.58%
Expected term	6 years

Stock-based compensation expenses:

The following table illustrates the effect of stock-based compensation on the line items on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Research and development	$	92	$	127	$	279	$	423
General and administrative	395		607		1,500		2,181

Total	$	487	$	734	$	1,779	$	2,604

NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation and contingencies

The Company may periodically become subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in connection with its business. As of September 30, 2025, there were no claims or actions pending against the Company that, in the opinion of management, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

NOTE 11 - SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates in one operating segment, and therefore one reportable segment, focused on the development of differentiated therapies to treat chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions of high unmet need. This determination, that the Company operates as a single operating segment, is consistent with the financial information regularly reviewed by the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) for purposes of evaluating performance, allocating resources, and planning and forecasting for future periods. The Company's Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) is the CODM.

The accounting policies for the single operating segment are the same as those described in “Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies.” The CODM uses net loss based on net loss that is reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial resources), predominantly during the annual budget and forecasting process. The Company’s CODM views specific program spend within research and development expenses as well as overall general and administrative expenses as significant segment expenses. As a pre-product revenue company, the CODM also considers budget versus actual results for expenses that are deemed significant and cash forecast models for assessing performance and to decide the level of investment in the Company’s operating and capital allocation activities. Further, the measure of segment assets is reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as total consolidated assets. All long-lived assets are held in the United States. All revenues are generated in the US.

Table of contents

The following table presents segment revenue and significant expenses regularly reviewed by the CODM for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Royalty revenues	$	169	$	121	$	440	$	417
Operating expenses
Research and development:
Repibresib (VYN201)	2,100		5,960		7,141		12,403
VYN202	2,414		3,379		6,598		6,265
Other segment items*	742		909		2,521		2,594
General and administrative	2,705		2,964		8,710		10,022
Total operating expenses	7,961		13,212		24,970		31,284
Operating loss	(7,792)		(13,091)		(24,530)		(30,867)
Other income, net	366		934		2,754		3,074
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(7,426)		(12,157)		(21,776)		(27,793)
Income tax expense	—		—		—		—
Loss from continuing operations	(7,426)		(12,157)		(21,776)		(27,793)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	146		—		130		(19)
Net loss	$	(7,280)	$	(12,157)	$	(21,646)	$	(27,812)

*Other segment items relate to research and development expenses that cannot be directly allocated to one specific product candidate, such as employee-related expenses, consulting, quality control, regulatory, and general IP legal expenses.

Accordingly, the Company manages its operations as a single operating and reportable segment, and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto are presented as a single reportable segment.

Table of contents

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2025 and our audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless otherwise indicated, all references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” or similar terms refer to VYNE Therapeutics Inc.

Company Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing differentiated therapies to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions with high unmet need.

We have exclusive worldwide rights to research, develop and commercialize products containing small molecule BET inhibitors for the treatment of any disease, disorder or condition in humans, which we licensed from Tay Therapeutics Ltd., formerly known as In4Derm Ltd ("Tay"). BET proteins are epigenetic enablers of transcription that regulate the expression of specific genes. Each BET protein consists of two bromodomains (“BD1” and “BD2”) and one end terminal (“ET”) domain. Through our transaction with Tay, we obtained access to a library of new small molecule BET inhibitor compounds including those that inhibit both BD1 and BD2 (“pan-BD” BET inhibitor) and that selectively inhibit BD2 (“BD2-selective” BET inhibitor). Through our access to this library of new BET inhibitors, which comprise our InhiBET™ portfolio, we plan to develop product candidates for a diverse set of therapeutic indications. We have chosen to initially focus our development efforts with these molecules on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, which are not being targeted by current BET inhibitors in development.

We are developing VYN202, an oral, small molecule BD2-selective BET inhibitor. VYN202 has been designed to achieve potential class-leading potency and selectivity for BD2 vs. BD1. By maximizing BD2 selectivity, we believe VYN202 has the potential to be a potent oral immunomodulator option for both acute control and chronic management of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions, without the hematologic and gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with earlier generation systemic pan-BD BET inhibitors that were being developed in oncologic settings. We have completed a Phase 1a single ascending dose/multiple ascending dose ("SAD/MAD") trial of VYN202 in healthy volunteers and announced positive data from this trial in December 2024. We initiated a Phase 1b trial in February 2025 in adult subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

In April 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") verbally placed a clinical hold on our Phase 1b trial evaluating VYN202 in subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis following an observation of testicular toxicity in dogs from a non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202. In June 2025, the FDA lifted the clinical hold for two doses of VYN202 for female subjects. Further, the FDA has indicated that sufficient data from a 12-week non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202 in dogs would be required in order to resume studies in male clinical subjects. The design of this toxicology study has been agreed upon with the FDA and we have initiated the repeat non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202 in dogs to remedy the partial hold in male clinical subjects. There were no serious adverse events observed in subjects that were enrolled in the Phase 1b trial. Following the clinical hold, we made the decision to unblind the clinical data from the seven subjects who were enrolled in the trial and announced promising preliminary results as described below.

Following the clinical hold, we unblinded the clinical data from the seven subjects who were enrolled in the trial (VYN202 treated: n=6 across 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg and 1 mg doses; placebo treated: n=1). All subjects treated with VYN202 had an improvement in signs and symptoms of disease, while the subject who received placebo did not. In addition, the subjects who received VYN202 for greater than one week showed reductions in serum cytokine levels involved in the pathogenesis of plaque psoriasis, while there was no change in this biomarker level for the subject receiving placebo. Two subjects who enrolled in the trial also co-presented with psoriatic arthritis. The subject on VYN202 reported improvements in joint pain and showed a corresponding reduction in serum c-reactive protein levels, a biomarker associated with psoriatic arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, while the subject on placebo showed no joint pain improvement or biomarker reduction.

Based on this data, together with promising results from multiple preclinical models, we terminated the Phase 1b psoriasis trial in support of continued advancement of VYN202 into other serious, immune-mediated diseases with more limited effective treatment options.

We have also evaluated VYN202 in preclinical studies in areas such as nephrology, pulmonology, rheumatology and myeloproliferative neoplasms, among others. The preclinical and translational data obtained support the potential of VYN202 as a potent, disease-modifying therapy for the treatment of serious, immune-mediated diseases and hematological cancers with limited effective treatment options. We are determining the best path forward for the VYN202 program.

Table of contents

Until July 2025, our lead product was repibresib gel (also known as VYN201), a topically administered, small molecule pan-bromodomain (“BD”) BET inhibitor designed as a “soft” drug to address diseases involving multiple, diverse inflammatory cell signaling pathways while providing low systemic exposure. In preclinical testing, repibresib produced consistent reductions in pro-inflammatory and disease-related biomarkers and improvements in disease severity across a variety of inflammatory and fibrotic preclinical models. We announced positive results from a Phase 1b trial evaluating repibresib in nonsegmental vitiligo in October 2023 and initiated a Phase 2b trial in nonsegmental vitiligo in June 2024. The trial evaluated 177 subjects (mITT population). In July 2025, we announced that the trial did not meet its primary endpoint of the proportion of subjects achieving an improvement in Facial Vitiligo Area Scoring Index of at least 50% from baseline (“F-VASI50”) at week 24 compared to vehicle. The trial also missed a key secondary endpoint of F-VASI75. However, the trial showed a nominally statistically significant treatment effect for the highest dose cohort in a key secondary endpoint, percent change-from-baseline (“CFB”) in F-VASI score at week 24 compared to vehicle (Repibresib 3%: -43.6% vs. Vehicle: -25.6%), and an exploratory endpoint of percent CFB in Total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index score at week 24 compared to vehicle (Repibresib 3%: -28.3% vs. Vehicle: -16.2%). Based on these data, we discontinued the ongoing extension phase of the trial and has terminated the trial. Repibresib gel covered by patents providing composition of matter patent exclusivity into at least 2042 in the United States and into at least 2040 in Europe, Japan and other large global pharmaceutical markets. We are currently seeking an external partner to continue development of repibresib gel.

In August 2025, our board of directors initiated a strategic review to evaluate a range of options to maximize stockholder value, including the assessment of our internal pipeline, financing opportunities and strategic alternatives. These alternatives may include strategic partnerships, licensing opportunities, merger or acquisition transactions, asset sales or other potential paths. As part of this process, which remains ongoing, we will evaluate opportunities for VYN202, including as part of broader strategic alternatives. In conjunction, we have implemented cost reductions that are expected to extend our cash runway into the first half of 2027.

Financial Overview

We have incurred net losses since our inception. Except from the period from 2020 to 2022, when we conducted commercial operations, our business activities have been primarily limited to developing product candidates, raising capital and performing research and development activities. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $752.8 million. We recorded net losses of $21.6 million and $27.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Currently, our resources are focused on our immuno-inflammatory pipeline. Research and development activities for these programs, including preclinical and clinical testing of our product candidates, will require significant additional financing. Our future viability is dependent on our ability to successfully execute our business strategy and develop our product candidates and raise additional capital to finance operations. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and ability to pursue our business strategies.

In August 2025, we initiated a strategic review to evaluate a range of options to maximize stockholder value, including the assessment of our internal pipeline, financing opportunities and strategic alternatives. These alternatives may include strategic partnerships, licensing opportunities, merger or acquisition transactions, asset sales or other potential paths. As part of this process, which remains ongoing, we are evaluating opportunities for VYN201 and VYN202, including as part of broader strategic alternatives.

Business and Macroeconomic Conditions

Uncertainty in the global economy presents significant risks to our business. We are subject to continuing risks and uncertainties in connection with the current macroeconomic environment, including inflation, interest rates, financial market volatility and uncertainty, the impact of war or military conflict, including the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, rising tensions between China and Taiwan and the response thereto, public health pandemics, global trade policy volatility, such as tariffs, and supply chain disruptions. Adverse effects of these large macroeconomic conditions have been prevalent in many of the areas where we, our contract research organizations, suppliers or third-party business partners conduct business and as a result, we have experienced disruptions and may continue to experience more pronounced disruptions in our operations. In addition, financial markets have experienced a period of high volatility due to these macroeconomic factors. The persistence of this volatility may impact our ability to engage in capital market activities and adequately fund our operations. As of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the extent to which these macroeconomic events and conditions may impact our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity is uncertain. The effect of these macroeconomic events and conditions may not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods. For further discussion of the potential impacts of macroeconomic events on our business, financial condition, and operating results, see the section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K captioned “Risk Factors.”

Table of contents

Development and License Agreements

Agreements with Tay Therapeutics

Evaluation and Option Agreement

In April 2021, we entered into an Evaluation and Option Agreement (the “Option Agreement”) with Tay. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, Tay granted us an exclusive option to obtain certain exclusive worldwide rights to research, develop and commercialize products containing Tay’s BET inhibitor compounds for the treatment of any disease, disorder or condition in humans. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and manufacture a product with a pan-BD BET inhibitor as its active ingredient, and Tay agreed to provide a mutually agreed data package and select a new chemical entity development candidate from its Oral BETi Compounds. We paid a $1.0 million non-refundable cash payment to Tay upon execution of the Option Agreement.

Under the terms of the Option Agreement, our option (the “Oral Option”) with respect to the Oral BETi Compounds was to expire on June 30, 2022, but in June 2022, we and Tay entered into a letter agreement to extend the option term to February 28, 2023. In February 2023, we and Tay entered into an additional letter agreement pursuant to which the option term was further extended to April 30, 2023. We exercised the Oral Option for VYN202 on April 28, 2023.

License for Locally Administered Pan-BD BET Inhibitor Program (Repibresib)

In August 2021, we exercised our option with respect to the repibresib program and entered into a license agreement (the "Repibresib License Agreement") granting us a worldwide, exclusive license that is sublicensable through multiple tiers to exploit certain of Tay’s pan-BD BET inhibitor compounds in all fields. We have the sole responsibility for development, regulatory, marketing and commercialization activities to be conducted for the licensed products at our sole cost and discretion. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and, if approved, commercialize such products. Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, a joint development committee consisting of one representative from each party reviews the progress of the development plan for the licensed products. Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, we may develop a product that contains or incorporates a specific BET inhibitor, whether alone or in combination with other active ingredients, in any form, formulation, presentation, or dosage, and for any mode of administration.

We made a $0.5 million cash payment to Tay in 2021 in connection with entering into the Repibresib License Agreement. Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, we agreed to make cash payments to Tay upon the achievement of specified clinical development and regulatory approval milestones with respect to each licensed topical product in the United States of up to $15.75 million for all indications, of which $1.8 million has been paid or accrued through September 30, 2025. Tay is entitled to additional milestone payments upon the achievement of regulatory approvals in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, with respect to any products we commercialize under the Repibresib License Agreement, we will pay tiered royalties to Tay on net sales of such licensed products by us, our affiliates, or sublicensees, of 5%, 7.5% and 10% based on tiered annual net sales of licensed products under the Repibresib License Agreement and the VYN202 License Agreement, subject to specified reductions. We are obligated to pay royalties until the latest of (1) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of the relevant licensed product, (2) the expiration of the last valid claim of the licensed patent rights covering such licensed product in such country and (3) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity for the relevant licensed product in the relevant country, on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis.

Pursuant to the Repibresib License Agreement, we were granted a sublicense under certain intellectual property which was licensed to Tay by the University of Dundee (“Dundee”) pursuant to a certain license agreement between Tay and Dundee effective as of July 24, 2020 and amended and restated on October 8, 2021 (the “Head License”). On February 13, 2025, Tay and Dundee entered into an agreement for the termination of the Head License and assignment of such intellectual property from Dundee to Tay. Upon termination of the Head License, the Repibresib License Agreement was accordingly amended to reflect the assignment of the intellectual property to Tay upon its payment in full to Dundee. The amendment did not change any of Tay’s or our rights or obligations under the Repibresib License Agreement, except that any obligations owed by us to Dundee with respect to repibresib are now owed to Tay.

Table of contents

License for Selective BET Inhibitor Program (VYN202)

On April 28, 2023, we exercised the Oral Option and entered into a license agreement (the “VYN202 License Agreement”) with Tay granting us a worldwide, exclusive license that is sublicensable through multiple tiers to exploit certain of Tay’s Oral BETi Compounds in all fields. We have the sole responsibility for development, regulatory, marketing and commercialization activities to be conducted for the licensed products at our sole cost and discretion, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and, if approved, commercialize such products. We may sublicense our rights to a third party without Tay’s consent. Pursuant to the VYN202 License Agreement, a joint development committee consisting of one representative from each party reviews the progress of the development plan for the licensed products.

We made a cash payment of $3.75 million to Tay in connection with entering into the VYN202 License Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the VYN202 License Agreement, we agreed to make cash payments to Tay of up to $43.75 million upon the achievement of specified clinical development and regulatory approval milestones with respect to each licensed oral product in the United States for all indications, of which $2.3 million has been paid or accrued through September 30, 2025. In August 2025, we paid Tay $1,000,000 in partial satisfaction of the "Phase 2 Milestone" under the VYN202 License Agreement for the initiation of the Phase 1b trial in psoriasis and amended the VYN202 License Agreement to provide that upon initiation of a new clinical trial in a target patient population involving VYN202 for oral administration with an efficacy endpoint, regardless of the trial's phase designation or regulatory classification, we shall pay Tay the remaining $4,000,000 amount under the "Phase 2 Milestone." All other terms of the VYN202 License Agreement were unchanged. Tay is entitled to additional milestone payments upon the achievement of regulatory approvals in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions. In addition, with respect to any products we commercialize under the VYN202 License Agreement, we will pay tiered royalties to Tay on net sales of such licensed products by us, our affiliates, or sublicensees, of 5%, 7.5% and 10% based on tiered annual net sales of licensed products under the VYN202 License Agreement and the Repibresib License Agreement, subject to specified reductions. We are obligated to pay royalties until the latest of (1) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of the relevant licensed product, (2) the expiration of the last valid claim of the licensed patent rights covering such licensed product in such country and (3) the expiration of regulatory exclusivity for the relevant licensed product in the relevant country, on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis.

Components of Operating Results

Segment Results

As of December 31, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The Company has identified and reports as one operating segment. See "Note 11—Segment Information" for further details.

Revenues

Historically, we have generated revenues under development and license agreements, including royalty payments from sales of Finacea foam. We previously licensed the rights to Finacea to LEO Pharma A/S ("LEO Pharma"). This license was not part of the sale of our commercial business to Journey. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, royalty revenues from LEO Pharma in connection with sales of Finacea were $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. For both the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, royalty revenues from LEO Pharma in connection with sales of Finacea were $0.4 million.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses primarily relate to the development of repibresib and VYN202. We charge all research and development expenses to operations as they are incurred.

Our research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $5.3 million and $10.2 million, respectively. Total research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $16.3 million and $21.3 million, respectively.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of:

•employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and related expenses, including stock-based compensation expenses, for research and development personnel;

Table of contents

•expenses incurred under agreements with third parties, including contract research organizations, subcontractors, suppliers and consultants that conduct regulatory activities, clinical trials and preclinical studies;

•expenses incurred to acquire, develop and manufacture clinical trial materials;

•expenses and milestone payments incurred under licensing agreements;

•costs associated with the creation, development and protection of intellectual property; and

•other costs associated with preclinical and clinical activities and regulatory operations.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $2.7 million and $3.0 million, respectively. Total general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $8.7 million and $10.0 million, respectively.

Our general and administrative expenses consist principally of:

•employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and related expenses, including stock-based compensation expenses;

•professional fees for legal, auditing, tax and other consulting expenses; and

•facility, insurance, information technology, travel and depreciation expenses.

Other Income, net

Other income, net primarily consists of amounts recognized for the settlement of the ERTC and interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities.

Income Taxes and Net Operating Loss Carryforwards

We have incurred significant net operating losses (“NOLs”) since our inception. We expect to continue to incur NOLs until such a time when we generate adequate revenues for us to reach profitability. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $343.4 million and $53.6 million, respectively, of which $44.3 million will begin to expire in 2031 for federal and $53.6 million will begin to expire in 2040 for state purposes. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards of $7.2 million, which will begin to expire in 2031. We have no state research and development tax credit carryforwards. As of December 31, 2024, we had $299.1 million in federal and state NOLs with no limited period of use. Other than the federal NOLs expected to expire unutilized as noted below, there were no significant updates through September 30, 2025.

NOLs and tax credit carryforwards are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service and may become subject to an annual limitation in the event of certain cumulative changes in the ownership interest of significant stockholders over a three-year period in excess of 50%, as defined under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. This could limit the amount of tax attributes that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income or tax liabilities. The amount of the annual limitation is determined based on the value of our company immediately prior to the ownership change. Subsequent ownership changes may further affect the limitation in future years. State NOLs and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to similar limitations under state laws. We have not completed a Section 382 study through September 30, 2025; however, we have completed a 382 study through March 31, 2025, and we noted that the Company experienced ownership changes in connection with the 2020 merger between Menlo Therapeutics (our predecessor company) and Foamix Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and with our private placement transaction in November 2023. As a result of the ownership changes, $40.2 million of federal NOLs are expected to expire unutilized. We may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of the subsequent shifts in our stock ownership, some of which may be outside of our control. As a result, even if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use the NOL and tax credit carryforwards may be materially limited, which could harm our future operating results by effectively increasing our future tax obligations.

Table of contents

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase/(Decrease)		Increase/(Decrease)
(in thousands, except %)	2025		2024		$		%
Revenues
Royalty revenues	$	169	$	121	$	48	39.7	%
Total revenues	169		121		48		39.7	%

Operating expenses:
Research and development	5,256		10,248		(4,992)		(48.7)	%
General and administrative	2,705		2,964		(259)		(8.7)	%
Total operating expenses	7,961		13,212		(5,251)		(39.7)	%
Operating loss	(7,792)		(13,091)		(5,299)		(40.5)	%

Other income, net	366		934		(568)		(60.8)	%
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(7,426)		(12,157)		(4,731)		(38.9)	%
Income tax expense	—		—		—		—	%
Loss from continuing operations	(7,426)		(12,157)		(4,731)		(38.9)	%
Gain from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	146		—		146		*
Net loss	$	(7,280)	$	(12,157)	$	(4,877)	(40.1)	%

*Percentage not meaningful

Revenues

Revenues totaled $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, consisting of royalty revenue from our royalty agreement with LEO Pharma.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $5.3 million, representing a decrease of $5.0 million, or 48.7%, compared to $10.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased expenses for repibresib and VYN202 of $3.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The $3.9 million decrease in expenses for repibresib was primarily driven by the timing of expenses for the Phase 2b trial in nonsegmental vitiligo, including our decision to terminate the trial following the announcement of topline results in July 2025. The $1.0 million decrease in expenses for VYN202 was primarily driven by decreased clinical expenses for the Phase 1 trials evaluating VYN202, partially offset by a $1.0 million milestone payment made to Tay in the third quarter of 2025 under an amendment to the VYN202 License Agreement.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $2.7 million, representing a decrease of approximately $0.3 million, or 8.7%, compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in employee related expenses of $0.2 million and consulting and professional fees of $0.1 million.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $0.4 million, representing a decrease of approximately $0.6 million, or 60.8% compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities compared to prior year.

Table of contents

Gain (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Taxes

Due to the sale of the MST Franchise during the first quarter of 2022, in accordance with ASC 205, Discontinued Operations, we have classified the results of the MST Franchise as discontinued operations in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for all periods presented. See "Note 4 - Discontinued Operations" in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024


	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase/(Decrease)		Increase/(Decrease)
(in thousands, except %)	2025		2024		$		%
Revenues
Royalty revenues	$	440	$	417	$	23	5.5	%
Total revenues	440		417		23		5.5	%

Operating expenses:
Research and development	16,260		21,262		(5,002)		(23.5)	%
General and administrative	8,710		10,022		(1,312)		(13.1)	%
Total operating expenses	24,970		31,284		(6,314)		(20.2)	%
Operating loss	(24,530)		(30,867)		(6,337)		(20.5)	%

Other income, net	2,754		3,074		(320)		(10.4)	%
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes	(21,776)		(27,793)		(6,017)		(21.6)	%
Income tax expense	—		—		—		—	%
Loss from continuing operations	(21,776)		(27,793)		(6,017)		(21.6)	%
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	130		(19)		149		*
Net loss	$	(21,646)	$	(27,812)	$	(6,166)	(22.2)	%

*Percentage not meaningful

Revenues

Revenues totaled $0.4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 consisting of royalty revenue from our royalty agreement with LEO Pharma.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $16.3 million and $21.3 million, representing a decrease of $5.0 million, or 23.5%. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased expenses of $5.2 million for repibresib, partially offset by increased expenses of $0.3 million for VYN202. The decrease in expenses for repibresib was primarily driven by the timing of expenses for the Phase 2b trial in nonsegmental vitiligo, including our decision to terminate the trial following the announcement of topline results in July 2025, as well as a $1.0 million milestone payment due to Tay under the License Agreement upon the initiation of the trial in June 2024. The $0.3 million increase in expenses for VYN202 was primarily associated with costs incurred in connection with our Phase 1b trial evaluating VYN202 in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis subjects.

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $8.7 million, representing a decrease of approximately $1.3 million, or 8.7%, compared to $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in employee related expenses of $0.8 million and consulting and professional fees of $0.5 million.

Table of contents

Other Income, Net

Other income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2.8 million, representing a decrease of approximately $0.3 million, or 10.4% compared to $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the recognition of $1.3 million in income related to the closure of the IRS examination period of the Company's ERTC filings, offset by decreased interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities compared to the prior period.

Loss from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Taxes

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Since the sale of the MST Franchise in January 2022, we have not generated any revenue from product sales. In addition, we have incurred losses and experienced negative operating cash flows since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur losses until such a time when our product candidates, if approved, are commercially successful, if at all. We will not generate any revenue from any current or future product candidates unless and until we obtain regulatory approval and commercialize such products. As a result, we will need additional capital to fund our operations, which we may obtain from additional equity or debt financings, collaborations, licensing arrangements or other sources. See the section titled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional risks associated with our substantial capital requirements.

As of September 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $32.7 million and an accumulated deficit of $752.8 million. We had no outstanding debt as of September 30, 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we incurred a net loss of $21.6 million and used $29.4 million of cash in operations. Based on our current operating plan, we believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are sufficient to fund our operating and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our sources of funding for both the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are further evaluated in the cash flow section below. Other than our obligations pursuant to the Tay License Agreements, we have no ongoing material financial commitments that may affect our liquidity over the next five years. See the section titled “Development and License Agreements—Agreements with Tay Therapeutics” for additional discussion of our financial obligations under the Tay License Agreements.

Future Funding Requirements

We do not expect to generate any product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize any of our product candidates, and we do not know when, or if, that will occur. Until we can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, we will continue to require substantial additional capital to develop our current and future product candidates and fund operations for the foreseeable future. Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, compensation and related expenses, research and development costs to support our product candidate pipeline, legal and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs as we conduct a strategic review to evaluate a range of options to maximize stockholder value. We are subject to all the risks incident to the development of new biopharmaceutical products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may harm our business.

Table of contents

In order to complete the development of VYN202 (including making milestone payments pursuant to the VYN202 License Agreement), or any future product candidates, we will require substantial additional capital. Accordingly, we expect to review our strategy and pipeline, including by exploring strategic alternatives in order to raise any necessary additional capital through private or public equity or debt financings, loans or other capital sources, income from collaborations, partnerships or other marketing, distribution, licensing or other strategic arrangements with third parties, or from grants. To the extent that we raise additional capital through equity financings or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be or could be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation, voting or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, including restricting our operations and limiting our ability to incur liens, issue additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our common stock, make certain investments or engage in merger, consolidation, licensing, or asset sale transactions. If we raise capital through collaborations, partnerships, and other similar arrangements with third parties, we may be required to grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. We may be unable to raise additional capital from these sources on favorable terms, or at all.

In addition, the amount of proceeds we may be able to raise pursuant to our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 is limited. As of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are subject to the general instructions of Form S-3 known as the "baby shelf rules." Under these rules, the amount of funds we can raise through primary public offerings of securities in any 12-month period using our registration statement on Form S-3 is limited to one-third of the aggregate market value of the shares of our common stock held by our non-affiliates. Therefore, we will be limited in the amount of proceeds we are able to raise by selling shares of common stock using our Form S-3 until such time as our public float exceeds $75.0 million.

Our ability to raise additional capital may also be adversely impacted by global economic conditions and disruptions to, and volatility in, the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from bank failures, other general macroeconomic conditions and otherwise. The failure to obtain sufficient capital on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition, including requiring us to delay, reduce or curtail our research or product development efforts. We cannot provide assurance that we will ever generate positive cash flow from operating activities.

Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

•the scope, timing, progress, results, and costs of researching and developing VYN202 and conducting clinical trials, including larger and later-stage trials;

•the scope, timing, progress, results, and costs of preclinical studies and clinical trials for any other current and future programs;

•the timing and costs of identifying, pursuing and completing a strategic transaction with a third-party partner, if at all, for repibresib and/or VYN202;

•the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our other pipeline product candidates and any delays we may encounter as a result of evolving regulatory requirements or adverse results with respect to any of these product candidates;

•terms and timing of any acquisitions, collaborations or other arrangements;

•the cost and timing of attracting, hiring, and retaining skilled personnel to support our operations;

•the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and obtaining, maintaining and enforcing patents or defending against claims or infringements raised by third parties, and license royalties or other amounts we may be required to pay to obtain rights to third party intellectual property rights; and

•the costs associated with operating as a public company.

Our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and any such change may affect our funding requirements. We may therefore need to seek additional capital sooner than planned, through public or private equity or

debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations or additional license arrangements. Such financings may result in dilution to stockholders, imposition of debt covenants and repayment obligations or other restrictions that may affect our business.

For more information as to the risks associated with our future funding needs, see the section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K captioned “Risk Factors” as supplemented by the risk factors identified in Item 1A. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

Table of contents

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2025		2024
Net cash (used in) / provided by:
Operating activities	$	(29,360)	$	(24,973)
Investing activities	$	28,908	$	10,627
Financing activities	$	(128)	$	(9)

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $29.4 million and primarily reflected our net loss of $21.6 million adjusted for non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $1.8 million, partially offset by the amortization of premium on marketable securities of $0.7 million. The remainder of the cash used in operations was driven by changes in operating assets and liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $25.0 million and primarily reflected our net loss of $27.8 million adjusted for non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $2.6 million, partially offset by the amortization of premium on marketable securities of $1.9 million. The remainder of the cash used in operations was driven by the changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by investing activities was $28.9 million and consisted of $59.1 million of proceeds received from the sale and maturity of marketable securities, partially offset by $30.1 million paid for the purchase of marketable securities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash provided by investing activities was $10.6 million and consisted of $61.1 million of proceeds received from the sale and maturity of marketable securities, partially offset by $50.5 million paid for the purchase of marketable securities.

Net Cash Used In Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in financing activities was $0.1 million and consisted of withholdings related to the exercise of options and issuance of stock for stock-based compensation arrangements.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was immaterial.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments and Use of Estimates

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.

Our critical accounting policies are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025. There have been no material changes to these policies for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Table of contents

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See “Newly issued and recently adopted accounting pronouncements (q)” in "Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and accounting pronouncements not yet adopted, and their expected impact on our financial position and results of operations.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K. As such, we are not required to provide the information set forth in this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act and regulations promulgated thereunder) as of September 30, 2025. Based on such evaluation, those officers have concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation or other legal proceedings relating to claims that we consider to be arising from the ordinary course of our business. There are currently no claims or actions pending against us that, in the opinion of our management, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Information about our risk factors is contained in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2025. As of the date of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the Annual Report other than as set forth below.

Our activities to evaluate and pursue potential strategic alternatives may not result in any transaction or enhance stockholder value.

We have begun evaluating and exploring a variety of strategic alternatives focused on enhancing stockholder value, including the assessment of our internal pipeline, financing opportunities and strategic alternatives. These alternatives may include strategic partnerships, licensing opportunities, merger or acquisition transactions, asset sales or other potential paths. Although we are exploring strategic alternatives, our ability to successfully execute on a strategic alternative is dependent on a number of factors and we may not be able to execute upon a transaction or other strategic alternative upon favorable terms within an advantageous timeframe and recognize significant value for our assets, if at all. Additionally, the negotiation and consummation

Table of contents

of a transaction or other strategic alternative may be costly and time-consuming. Any executed strategic alternative may not maximize or even enhance stockholder value, could result in total costs and expenses that are greater than expected, could make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and may disrupt our operations, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, a potential strategic alternative may require stockholder approval and stockholder approval may not be obtained and we may not successfully consummate the strategic alternative.

In addition, the market price of our common stock may reflect a market assumption that a strategic alternative will occur, and a failure to complete a strategic alternative could result in negative investor perceptions and could cause a decline in the market price of our common stock, which could adversely affect our ability to access the equity and financial markets, as well as our ability to explore and enter into different strategic alternatives.

If we do not successfully consummate a strategic alternative, our board of directors may decide to pursue a dissolution and liquidation of our company. In such an event, the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders will depend heavily on the timing of such dissolution and liquidation, and the amount of cash that will need to be reserved for commitments and contingent liabilities. Depending on these factors, the amount available for distribution to our common stockholders could be as low as zero and result in a total loss of investment to our stockholders.

Drug development is very expensive, time-consuming and uncertain. Our preclinical studies and clinical trials may fail to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our current or any future product candidates, or serious adverse side effects could be identified. Any of these outcomes could prevent or delay regulatory approval and commercialization or harm our ability to pursue strategic alternatives for our product candidates.

Drug development is very expensive, time-consuming and difficult to design and implement, and its outcome is inherently uncertain, particularly as it relates to new chemical entities. Before obtaining regulatory approval for the commercial sale of a product candidate, we must demonstrate through preclinical studies and clinical trials that a product candidate is both safe and effective for use in the target indication. Most product candidates that commence clinical trials are never approved by regulatory authorities for commercialization. The clinical trials for these product candidates may take significantly longer than expected to complete. In addition, we, any partner with which we may in the future collaborate, the FDA, an IRB or other regulatory authorities, including state and local agencies and counterpart agencies in foreign countries, may prevent, suspend, delay, require modifications to or terminate our clinical trials at any time, for various reasons, including:

•lack of effectiveness of any product candidate during clinical trials or the failure of a product candidate to meet specified endpoints;

•discovery of serious or unexpected side effects experienced by trial participants, toxicities or other safety issues;

•slower than expected rates of subject recruitment and patient enrollment in clinical trials resulting from numerous factors, including the prevalence of clinical trials for our competitors for their product candidates treating the same indication;

•difficulty in retaining subjects who have initiated participation in a clinical trial but may withdraw at any time due to adverse side effects from the therapy, insufficient efficacy, fatigue with the clinical trial process or for any other reason;

•difficulty in obtaining IRB approval for studies to be conducted at each site;

•delays in manufacturing or obtaining, or inability to manufacture or obtain, sufficient quantities of materials for use in clinical trials;

•inadequacy of or changes in our manufacturing process or the product formulation or method of delivery;

•changes in applicable laws, regulations and regulatory policies;

•delays or failure in reaching agreement on acceptable terms in clinical trial contracts or protocols with prospective CROs, clinical trial sites and other third-party contractors;

•inability to add a sufficient number of clinical trial sites;

•uncertainty regarding proper dosing;

•failure of our CROs or other third-party contractors to comply with contractual and regulatory requirements or to perform their services in a timely or acceptable manner;

•failure by us, our employees, our CROs or their employees or any partner with which we may collaborate or their employees to comply with applicable FDA or other regulatory requirements relating to the conduct of clinical trials or the handling, storage, security and recordkeeping for drug and biologic products;

•scheduling conflicts with participating clinicians and clinical institutions;

•failure to design appropriate clinical trial protocols;

•inability or unwillingness of medical investigators to follow our clinical protocols;

Table of contents

•difficulty in maintaining contact with subjects during or after treatment, which may result in incomplete data; and

•insufficient data to support regulatory approval.

If we experience delays in the completion of, or if we terminate, any of our future clinical trials, our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects would be adversely affected. In addition, product candidates that initially showed promise in early stage testing may later be found to be not effective or cause side effects that prevent further development of the product candidate. For example, on July 30, 2025, we announced that our Phase 2b trial of repibresib gel in nonsegmental vitiligo did not achieve primary endpoint or key secondary endpoint of F-VASI50 and F-VASI75. We also announced in August 2025 that we decided to discontinue treatment in the ongoing extension phase of the trial and will terminate the trial.

If our product candidates are associated with side effects in preclinical studies and/or clinical trials or have characteristics that are unexpected, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including:

•our development costs could increase;

•we may need to abandon development activities or limit development to more narrow uses in which the side effects or other characteristics are less prevalent, less severe or more acceptable from a risk-benefit perspective;

•we may need to abandon the development or limit the further development of our product candidates, including in various populations and for certain indications;

•we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;

•our reputation may suffer;

•regulatory authorities may require that we suspend, discontinue, or limit our clinical trials based on safety information;

•regulatory authorities may withdraw approval to market such product;

•regulatory authorities may require additional warnings on the product labeling;

•a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients may be required; and

•market acceptance of any products that do obtain regulatory approval could be inhibited.

Any of these events could prevent us from pursuing strategic alternatives, including identifying and consummating transactions with third-party partners, to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

We may encounter delays in enrolling patients and successfully completing clinical trials for our product candidates and may be delayed in, or prevented from, commencing or completing such trials due to factors that are largely beyond our control.

We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience delays in completing clinical trials and in commencing future clinical trials. Clinical trials can be delayed or terminated for a variety of reasons, including delay or failure to:

•obtain regulatory approval to commence a trial;

•reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations ("CROs") and clinical trial sites, the terms of which may be subject to extensive negotiation and vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;

•obtain approval from an institutional review board (“IRB”) at each site;

•enlist an adequate number of suitable patients to participate in a trial;

•have patients complete a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

•ensure clinical sites observe trial protocol or continue to participate in a trial;

•address any patient safety concerns that arise during the course of a trial, including due to non-clinical toxicology studies;

•address any conflicts with new or existing laws or regulations;

•add a sufficient number of clinical trial sites; or

•manufacture sufficient quantities of the product candidate for use in clinical trials.

Patient enrollment is also a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, or we may be prevented from completing our clinical trials, and is affected by many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to available alternatives, including any new drugs or treatments that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.

Table of contents

We may be delayed in commencing or conducting our clinical trials, or we may be prevented from completing our clinical trials, if the FDA, or other applicable regulatory authority, finds deficiencies or requests additional information with respect to our INDs.

For example, the FDA informed us in April 2025 that it placed a clinical hold on our Phase 1b trial for VYN202 following a recent observation of testicular toxicity in dogs from a non-clinical toxicology study with VYN202. FDA lifted the clinical hold for female subjects on the 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg doses but did not lift the hold for subjects on the 1 mg dose due to its lower toxicological safety margin, even though a No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) was established covering all clinical doses in females. FDA also required sufficient data from a 12-week non-clinical toxicology study of VYN202 in dogs in order to resume the trial in male clinical subjects. In addition to this dog study, we may be required to conduct additional nonclinical studies in order to address the clinical hold, or initiate a new clinical study in the different indication, and if unsuccessful, we may be unable to initiate a new clinical trial of VYN202 or such toxicity would limit the populations and indications for which VYN202 could be developed. These factors could lead to our inability to further develop VYN202. We may also encounter delays if a clinical trial or a clinical trial site is suspended or terminated by us, the IRB of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by the trial’s data safety monitoring board, or by the FDA. Such authorities may suspend or terminate one or more of our clinical trials due to a number of factors, including our failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with relevant regulatory requirements or clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.

If we experience delays in carrying out or completing any clinical trial of our product candidates, we may be forced to cease developing our product candidates, we may be unable to achieve approval of our product candidates and the commercial prospects of our product candidates may be harmed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials, or inability to complete such trials, will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may significantly harm our business and financial condition. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

International trade policies, including tariffs, sanctions and trade barriers may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We operate in a global economy, which includes utilizing third-party suppliers in several countries outside the United States. There is inherent risk, based on the complex relationships among the U.S. and the countries in which we conduct our business, that political, diplomatic and national security factors can lead to global trade restrictions and changes in trade policies and export regulations that may adversely affect our business and operations. The current international trade and regulatory environment is subject to significant ongoing uncertainty. The U.S. government has recently announced substantial new tariffs affecting a wide range of products and jurisdictions and has indicated an intention to continue developing new trade policies, including with respect to the pharmaceutical industry. In response, certain foreign governments have announced or implemented retaliatory tariffs and other protectionist measures. These developments have created a dynamic and unpredictable trade landscape, which may adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. The Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce, has initiated an investigation to determine whether pharmaceutical ingredients, including finished drug product, manufactured outside the United States pose a national security risk and should be subject to additional tariffs.

We do not own or operate, and currently have no plans to establish, any manufacturing facilities. We currently contract with third party manufacturers for all of our required raw materials, active ingredients and finished products for our preclinical studies and clinical trials for our product candidates. We currently have no plans to establish our own manufacturing capabilities and plan to continue to rely on third-party manufacturers for any future trials of our product candidates. Currently, our active pharmaceutical ingredients (“APIs”) for our product candidates are manufactured in China. We also rely on specialized laboratory equipment, supplies and materials, all or part of which we believe may be ultimately sourced from multiple countries outside the United States, to advance our research and development efforts.

Current or future tariffs may result in increased research and development expenses, including with respect to increased costs associated with APIs, raw materials, laboratory equipment and research materials and components. In addition, such tariffs will increase our supply chain complexity and could also potentially disrupt our existing supply chain. Unlike consumer goods, pharmaceuticals face unique regulatory constraints that make rapid supply chain adjustments particularly difficult and costly. Trade restrictions affecting the import of materials necessary for clinical trials could result in delays to our development timelines. Increased development costs and extended development timelines could place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to companies operating in regions with more favorable trade relationships and could reduce investor confidence, negatively impacting our ability to secure additional financing on favorable terms or at all.

Table of contents

Foreign governments may also take other retaliatory actions against U.S. entities, such as decreased intellectual property protection, increased enforcement actions, or delays in regulatory approvals, which may result in heightened international legal and operational risks. In addition, the United States and other governments have imposed and may continue to impose additional sanctions, such as trade restrictions or trade barriers, which could restrict us from doing business directly or indirectly in or with certain countries or parties and may impose additional costs and complexity to our business.

Trade disputes, tariffs, restrictions and other political tensions between the United States and other countries may also exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability and economic recessions or downturns. The ultimate impact of current or future tariffs and trade restrictions remains uncertain and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and prospects. While we actively monitor these risks, any prolonged economic downturn, escalation in trade tensions, or deterioration in international perception of U.S.-based companies could materially and adversely affect our business, ability to access the capital markets or other financing sources, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. In addition, tariffs and other trade developments have and may continue to heighten the risks related to the other risk factors described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

We will need substantial additional funding to pursue our business objectives. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to curtail our planned operations.

Identifying potential product candidates and conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials is a time-consuming, expensive and uncertain process that takes years to complete. We may never generate the necessary data or results required to obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates or identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop our product candidates. For example, we have been conducting a strategic review to evaluate a range of options to maximize stockholder value. This includes the assessment of our internal pipeline, financing opportunities and strategic alternatives, which may include strategic partnerships, licensing opportunities, merger or acquisition transactions, asset sales or other potential paths. However, there is no guarantee that we will be able to identify and consummate a transaction with a third-party partner on favorable terms, or at all.

We expect to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future as we advance our product candidates from discovery through preclinical and clinical development. Furthermore, we incur and expect to continue to incur significant costs associated with operating as a public company, including legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses. We also expect to add additional personnel to support our operational plans and strategic direction as needed.

As of September 30, 2025, we had $32.7 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We believe these resources will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for a period of at least 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q based on our current operating assumptions. These assumptions may prove to be wrong, however, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Changes may occur beyond our control that would cause us to consume our available capital before that time, including changes in and progress of our development activities, acquisitions of additional products or product candidates, and changes in regulation.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including:

•milestone payments associated with our development programs;

•the number and development requirements of the product candidates that we may pursue;

•the scope, progress, results and costs of preclinical development, laboratory testing and conducting preclinical and clinical trials for our product candidates;

•costs associated with manufacturing and supplying our product candidates;

•the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

•the extent to which we in-license or acquire additional product candidates and technologies;

•the costs and timing of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights and defending any intellectual property-related claims;

•the impact on the timing of our preclinical studies, on the recruitment, enrollment, conduct and timing of our clinical trials, and on our business, due to external or macroeconomic factors;

•our headcount and associated costs as we expand our research and development infrastructure;

•our ability to identify and consummate transactions with third-party partners to further develop, obtain marketing approval for and/or commercialize our product candidates, and earn revenue from such arrangements; and

•the ongoing costs of operating as a public company.

Table of contents

Additional capital may not be available when we need it, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, we may be required to revise our operating plan in order to:

•delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development activities; or

•delay, limit, reduce or terminate preclinical studies, clinical trials or other development activities for our product candidates (including any planned clinical trials to pursue additional indications for other product candidates).

If we raise additional capital through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish certain valuable rights to our product candidates, technologies, future revenue streams or research programs or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted and the terms of any new debt securities or equity securities may have a preference over our common stock. In addition, if we issue warrants or preferred stock in connection with our financing activities, such securities may include terms that are unfavorable to our stockholders, including anti-dilution provisions and other preferences. In addition, any holders of preferred stock may receive preferential voting rights that are superior to the voting rights of holders of our common stock. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt or making capital expenditures or specified financial ratios, any of which could restrict our ability to operate our business.

We are not currently in compliance with the continued listing requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market. If we do not regain compliance and continue to meet the continued listing requirements, our common stock may be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market, which could affect the market price and liquidity for our common stock and reduce our ability to raise additional capital.

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market. On September 11, 2025, we received notice from Nasdaq that we are not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), because the closing bid price of our common stock was below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. Although the notification does not impact the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market at this time, we have until March 10, 2026 to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement.

We are considering all available options to regain compliance with the listing rule. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the rule or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria. In the event we do not regain compliance by March 10, 2026, a second 180-day compliance period may be available if we provide written notice to Nasdaq that we intend to regain compliance with the bid price requirement during the second 180-day compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split if necessary, and meet the $1 million market value of publicly held shares requirement for continued listing and all other initial inclusion requirements for the Nasdaq Capital Market, except for the bid price requirement. If we do not qualify for the second compliance period or fail to regain compliance during the second 180-day period, then Nasdaq will notify us that our common stock is subject to delisting.

The perception among investors that we are at a heightened risk of delisting could negatively affect the market price and trading volume of our common stock. If our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, the delisting could: substantially decrease trading in our common stock; adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws; adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future on acceptable terms, if at all; result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, partners, and employees and fewer business development opportunities; and result in limited news and analyst coverage. Additionally, the market price of our common stock may decline further, and stockholders may lose some or all of their investment.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we issued an aggregate of 11,966,347 shares of common stock to certain holders of Pre-Funded Warrants upon the exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to a net exercise mechanism. Each Pre-Funded Warrant had an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The issuances of the shares of common stock were exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) thereof as an exchange with an existing security holder where no commission or other remuneration is paid or given for soliciting such exchange.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Table of contents

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Adoption, Modification and Termination of Rule 10b5-1 Plans and Certain Other Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, none of our directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) adopted or terminated any contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities.

Table of contents

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following documents are filed, or furnished as applicable, as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit Index

Exhibit Number

Incorporated by Reference

Filed

Exhibit Description

Form

Date

Number

Herewith

3.1(a)

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

10-K

3/17/2022

3.1

3.1(b)

Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights, and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

10-Q

11/14/2022

3.1(b)

3.1(c)

Certificate of Elimination

8-K

1/17/2023

3.1

3.1(d)

Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

8-K

2/10/2023

3.1

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws.

10-Q

11/14/2022

3.2

31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

10.1

L etter Agreement , dated August 15, 2025, by and between the Registrant and Tay Therapeutics Limited .

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document with Embedded Linkbase Documents.

104

The cover page of VYNE Therapeutics Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within Exhibit 101 attachments).

_______________________________________________________

* The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and Exhibit 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of VYNE Therapeutics Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

Table of contents

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: November 6, 2025



			VYNE Therapeutics Inc.

			By:			/s/ David Domzalski
						David Domzalski Chief Executive Officer
						(On Behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Executive Officer)

			By:			/s/ Tyler Zeronda
						Tyler Zeronda Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

VYNE Therapeutics Inc. 10-Q