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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)


☒			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from

Commission File Number: 001-36367

OUTFRONT Media Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland		46-4494703
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

90 Park Avenue, 9th Floor
New York,	NY	10016
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(212) 297-6400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	OUT	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2025, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $2.7 billion based upon the closing price reported for such date on the New York Stock Exchange.

As of February 25, 2026, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 176,050,169.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Table of Contents


Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements						4
PART I
Item 1. Business						6
Item 1A. Risk Factors						18
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments						31
Item 1C. Cybersecurity						31
Item 2. Properties						32
Item 3. Legal Proceedings						32
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures						33
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities						34
Item 6. [Reserved]						35
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						36
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						58
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data						60
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure						96
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures						96
Item 9B. Other Information						96
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.						96
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance						97
Item 11. Executive Compensation						97
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters						97
Item 13. Certain Relationship and Related Transactions, and Director Independence						97
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services						97
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules						97
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary						101
Exhibit Index						102
SIGNATURES						106

Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to (i) “OUTFRONT Media,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” mean OUTFRONT Media Inc., a Maryland corporation, and unless the context requires otherwise, its consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) the “25 largest markets in the U.S.,” “approximately 120 markets across the U.S.” and “Nielsen Designated Market Areas” are based, in whole or in part, on Nielsen Media Research’s 2026 Designated Market Area rankings.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We have made statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “likely,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “predicts,” “estimates,” “forecast” or “anticipates” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases that are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions related to our capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and may not be able to be realized. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:

•Declines in advertising and general economic conditions;

•Competition;

•Government regulation;

•Our ability to operate our digital display platform;

•Losses and costs resulting from recalls and product liability, warranty and intellectual property claims;

•Our ability to obtain and renew key municipal contracts on favorable terms;

•Taxes, fees and registration requirements;

•Decreased government compensation for the removal of lawful billboards;

•Content-based restrictions on outdoor advertising;

•Seasonal variations;

•Acquisitions and other strategic transactions that we may pursue could have a negative effect on our results of operations;

•Dependence on our management team and other key employees;

•Experiencing a cybersecurity incident;

•Changes in regulations and consumer concerns regarding privacy, information security and data, or any failure or perceived failure to comply with these regulations or our internal policies;

•Asset impairment charges for our long-lived assets and goodwill;

•Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;

•Expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations;

•Our substantial indebtedness;

•Restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness;

•Incurrence of additional debt;

•Interest rate risk exposure from our variable-rate indebtedness;

•Our ability to generate cash to service our indebtedness;

•Cash available for distributions;

•Hedging transactions;

•The ability of our board of directors to cause us to issue additional shares of stock without common stockholder approval;

•Certain provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us;

•Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited;

•Our failure to remain qualified to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”);

•REIT distribution requirements;

•Availability of external sources of capital;

•We may face other tax liabilities even if we remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT;

•Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate investments or forgo otherwise attractive investments or business opportunities;

•Our ability to contribute certain contracts to a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”);

•Our planned use of TRSs may cause us to fail to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT;

•REIT ownership limits;

•Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively;

•The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT election at any time without stockholder approval;

•The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may deem the gains from sales of our outdoor advertising assets to be subject to a 100% prohibited transaction tax; and

•Establishing operating partnerships as part of our REIT structure.

While forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. All forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K apply as of the date of this report or as of the date they were made and, except as required by applicable law, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, of new information, data or methods, future events or other changes. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results, performance or transactions, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Business.

Overview

OUTFRONT Media is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that provides advertising space (“displays”) on out-of-home advertising structures and sites in the United States (the “U.S.”), enabling advertisers to engage with audiences in high-impact in-real-life (“IRL”) moments and environments. We are one of the largest providers of advertising space on out-of-home advertising structures and sites across the U.S. Our inventory consists of billboard displays primarily located on the most heavily traveled highways and roadways in top Nielsen Designated Market Areas (“DMAs”), and transit advertising displays operated under exclusive multi-year contracts with municipalities in large cities across the U.S. In total, we have displays in approximately 120 markets across the U.S., including the 25 largest markets in the U.S. Our top market, location-focused portfolio includes sites in and around New York City, Los Angeles and San Francisco, where public spaces can turn into platforms for creativity, connection and cultural relevance. The breadth and depth of our portfolio provides our customers with a range of options to address their marketing objectives by elevating brand influence and credibility through enterprise or commercial brand-building campaigns.

In addition to providing location-based displays, we also focus on delivering mass and targeted audiences to our customers. We believe the continued evolution of out-of-home advertising audience measurement systems, including Geopath and alternative measurement systems, can enhance the value of the out-of-home medium, including transit inventory, by improving audience measurement and enabling more precise demographic and location-based targeting. As part of our investments in our technology platform, we are developing digital out-of-home offerings and capabilities that support full-funnel advertising objectives, including end-to-end campaign processing and automation, research and measurement, and demographic and location-based targeting.

We believe out-of-home continues to be an attractive and trusted form of advertising, as our displays have an IRL presence, are always viewable, and cannot be turned off, skipped, blocked or fast-forwarded. Further, out-of-home advertising can be an effective stand-alone medium, as well as an integral part of a campaign using multiple forms of media (including online, mobile and social media advertising platforms) that bridges commerce, culture and community. We provide our customers with a differentiated advertising solution at an attractive price point relative to other forms of advertising. In addition to leasing displays, we provide other value-added services to our customers, such as pre-campaign category research, consumer insights, print production, creative services and post-campaign tracking and analytics.

We generally (i) own the physical billboard structures on which we display advertising copy for our customers, (ii) hold the legal permits to display advertising thereon and (iii) lease the underlying sites. These lease agreements have terms varying between one month and multiple years, and usually provide renewal options. We estimate that approximately 75% of our billboard structures in the U.S. are “legal nonconforming” billboards, meaning they were legally constructed under laws in effect at the time they were built and remain legal to operate, but could not be constructed under current laws. These structures are often located in areas where it is difficult or not permitted to build additional billboards under current laws, which enhances the value of our portfolio. We have a highly diversified portfolio of advertising sites. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 19,100 lease agreements with approximately 17,500 different landlords. A substantial proportion of these lease agreements allow us to abate rent and/or terminate the lease agreement in certain circumstances, which may include when the structure is obstructed, when there is a change in traffic flow and/or when the advertising value of the sign structure is otherwise impaired, providing us with flexibility in renegotiating the terms of our leases with landlords in those circumstances.

We currently manage our operations through two reportable operating segments—(1) Billboard and (2) Transit. Prior to its sale in 2024, our Canadian operations comprised our International operating segment, which did not meet the criteria to be a reportable segment and accordingly, was included in Other. Historical operating results of our Canadian operations are included in Other (see Item 8., Note 20. Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements) through the date of sale. See “—Acquisition and Disposition Activity.”

History

Our corporate history can be traced back to companies that helped to pioneer the growth of out-of-home advertising in the U.S., such as Outdoor Systems, Inc., 3M National, Gannett Outdoor and TDI Worldwide Inc. In 1996, a predecessor of CBS Corporation (“CBS”) acquired TDI Worldwide Inc., which specialized in transit advertising. Three years later, a predecessor of CBS acquired Outdoor Systems, Inc., which represented the consolidation of the outdoor advertising assets of large national

operators such as 3M National, Gannett Outdoor (and its Canadian assets held in the name Mediacom) and many local operators in North America.

On April 2, 2014, the Company completed an initial public offering (the “IPO”) of its common stock under the name “CBS Outdoor Americas Inc.” On July 16, 2014, CBS completed a registered offer to exchange 97,000,000 shares of our common stock that were owned by CBS for outstanding shares of CBS Class B common stock (“the Exchange Offer”). In connection with the Exchange Offer, CBS disposed of all of its shares of our common stock and as of July 16, 2014, we were separated from CBS (the “Separation”) and were no longer a subsidiary of CBS. On July 16, 2014, in connection with the Separation, we ceased to be a member of the CBS consolidated tax group, and on July 17, 2014, we began operating as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

On October 1, 2014, we completed the acquisition of certain outdoor advertising businesses of Van Wagner Communications, LLC, for a total purchase price of approximately $690.0 million in cash, plus working capital adjustments.

On November 20, 2014, the Company changed its legal name to “OUTFRONT Media Inc.” and its common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “OUT.”

On June 7, 2024, we completed the sale of all of our equity interests in Outdoor Systems Americas ULC and its subsidiaries (the “Transaction”), which held all of the assets of the Company’s outdoor advertising business in Canada (the “Canadian Business”). See “—Acquisition and Disposition Activity.”

Acquisition and Disposition Activity

We regularly evaluate potential acquisitions, ranging from small transactions to larger acquisitions.

On June 7, 2024, the Company completed the sale of the Canadian Business in the Transaction. In connection with the Transaction, the Company received C$410.0 million in cash, subject to certain purchase price adjustments. (See Item 8. Note 14. Acquisitions and Dispositions: Dispositions: Canadian Business.)

For additional information regarding our acquisition and disposition activity, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Tax Status

Our qualification to be taxed as a REIT is dependent on our ability to meet various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), related to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets and the diversity of ownership of our shares. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure.” As long as we remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on REIT taxable income that we distribute to stockholders. To maintain REIT status, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. This distribution requirement may be satisfied by making distributions to our common stockholders, our preferred stockholders, if any, or a combination of our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined with the above modifications, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax if the amount that we actually distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws.

We believe we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and that our manner of operation will enable us to continue to meet those requirements. If we fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and will be precluded from re-electing REIT status for the subsequent four taxable years. Despite our status as a REIT, we will be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income or property and the income of our TRSs will be subject to taxation at regular corporate rates.

Growth Strategy

Continue the Digitization of our Portfolio. Increasing the number of digital displays in our prime audience locations is an important element of our organic growth strategy, as digital displays have the potential to attract additional business from both new and existing customers. We believe digital displays are attractive to our customers because they allow for the development of richer and more visually engaging IRL media messaging, provide our customers with the flexibility both to connect with target audiences and to quickly launch new advertising campaigns, and eliminate or greatly reduce print and installation costs. In addition, digital displays enable us to run multiple advertisements on each display. Digital billboard displays generate approximately four to five times more revenue per display on average than comparable traditional static billboard displays. Digital billboard displays also incur, on average, approximately two to four times more costs, including higher variable costs associated with the increase in revenue than comparable traditional static billboard displays. As a result, digital billboard displays generate higher profits and cash flows than comparable traditional static billboard displays.

We have deployed state-of-the-art digital transit displays in connection with several transit franchises we operate. Revenues generated on our network of digital transit displays are generally higher than revenues generated on a comparable portfolio of our static transit displays.

We have incurred significant equipment deployment costs and capital expenditures, and intend to incur significant capital expenditures in the coming years to continue increasing the number of digital displays in our portfolio. Our annual costs with respect to the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (the “MTA”) transit franchise will be primarily focused on maintenance of existing MTA display locations for the remainder of the Amended Term (as defined below). See “—Renovation, Improvement and Development” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Drive Revenue Growth Velocity and Brand Expansion. We focus heavily on inventory management and advertising rate to improve average revenue per display (yield) over time across our portfolio of advertising structures and sites. We also focus on brand expansion among new and existing clients and within new and existing industry verticals through the use of dedicated enterprise and commercial sales teams. By carefully managing our pricing on a market-by-market and display-by-display basis, providing value-add IRL brand experiences to clients (including production and creative services), and developing experiential sports marketing and retail media advertising partnerships, we aim to improve profitability.

Consider Strategic Transaction Opportunities. As part of our growth strategy, we frequently evaluate strategic opportunities to acquire or divest businesses, assets or digital technology, directly or in connection with joint ventures (including buy/sell arrangements with joint venture partners) or in connection with other strategic transactions. Consistent with this strategy, we regularly evaluate potential acquisitions, ranging from small transactions to larger acquisitions, which transactions and transaction-related expenses will be funded through cash on hand, additional borrowings, equity or other securities, or some combination thereof. See “—Acquisition and Disposition Activity.” There can be no assurances that any transactions currently being evaluated will be consummated or, if consummated, that such transactions would prove beneficial to us. Further, the scale of our footprint in the U.S. allows us to efficiently manage and optimize our portfolio of advertising structures and sites, and to drive additional revenues and reduce operating costs from acquired billboards. We believe that there is significant opportunity for additional industry consolidation, and we will evaluate strategic transaction opportunities on a case-by-case basis.

Investing in Advanced Advertising Technology and Data Tools. We believe the continued evolution of the out-of-home advertising audience measurement systems, including Geopath and alternative measurement systems, can enhance the value of the out-of-home medium, including transit inventory, by improving audience measurement and enabling more precise demographic and location-based targeting. As part of our investments in our technology platform, we plan to develop digital out-of-home offerings and capabilities that support full-funnel advertising objectives, which may include end-to-end campaign processing and automation, research and measurement, and demographic and location-based targeting. We have also added attribution solutions for advertisers seeking to measure key performance indicators and campaign outcomes. By providing standardized audience measurement metrics and overlaying increasingly available and reliable third-party data and attribution, we can help advertisers plan, target, and measure effective out-of-home campaigns across both static and digital displays. Further, we believe the use of programmatic and direct sale advertising platform technologies in the out-of-home advertising industry will increase, which will present a revenue growth opportunity for us. Programmatic and direct sale advertising platforms allow out-of-home advertising companies to lease displays to customers at competitive rates through an online bidding process or through a direct sale process, and we have pursued, and continue to pursue, strategic opportunities to increase our participation in these platforms.

Our Portfolio of Outdoor Advertising Structures and Sites

Diversification by Customer

For the year ended December 31, 2025, no individual customer represented more than 2% of total Billboard and Transit revenues. Therefore, we do not consider detailed information about any individual customer to be meaningful.

Diversification by Industry

The following table sets forth information regarding the diversification of total Billboard and Transit revenues earned among different industries for 2025, 2024 and 2023. For 2025, as a result of our diverse base of customers in the U.S., no single industry contributed more than 18% of our total Billboard and Transit revenues.


	Percentage of Total Billboard and Transit Revenues for the Year Ended December 31,
Industry	2025		2024		2023
Entertainment	18	%	18	%	20	%
Retail	11		12		11
Legal Services/Lawyers	10		8		7
Health/Medical	8		9		9
Technology	7		7		6
Financial	5		4		3
Travel	4		3		4
Restaurants	4		4		5
Education	4		4		4
Consumer Packaged Goods	4		4		4
Utilities	3		3		3
Government/Political	3		3		3
Automotive	3		4		4
Alcohol	3		3		3
Real Estate	2		2		2
Non-Profit	2		2		2
Insurance	2		2		2
Miscellaneous Service Providers	4		4		4
Other(a)	3		4		4
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%

(a)No single industry in “Other” individually represents more than 2% of total revenues.

Diversification by Geography

Our advertising structures and sites are geographically diversified across 34 states and Washington D.C. The following table sets forth information regarding the geographic diversification of our advertising structures and sites, which are listed in order of contributions to total revenues.


	Percentage of Total Revenues for the Year Ended December 31, 2025						Number of Displays as of December 31, 2025(a)
Location (Metropolitan Area)	Billboard			Transit			Total(b)			Billboard Displays	Transit Displays	Total Displays	Percentage of Total Displays
New York, NY	8		%	61		%	21		%	278	309,375	309,653	56	%
Los Angeles, CA	14			7			12			3,702	47,607	51,309	9
Miami, FL	7			6			6			906	20,634	21,540	4
State of New Jersey	5			<1			4			3,304	—	3,304	1
San Francisco, CA	4			4			4			983	15,797	16,780	3
Houston, TX	4			1			3			1,045	176	1,221	<1
Chicago, IL	4			1			3			1,151	9,833	10,984	2
Boston, MA	2			6			3			275	41,670	41,945	8
Detroit, MI	4			<1			3			1,708	—	1,708	<1
Dallas, TX	4			1			3			682	453	1,135	<1
Atlanta, GA	4			<1			3			1,689	—	1,689	<1
Washington D.C.	<1			10			3			20	47,160	47,180	9
Tampa, FL	3			<1			3			1,235	12	1,247	<1
Orlando, FL	3			<1			2			1,110	17	1,127	<1
Phoenix, AZ	2			1			2			1,218	1,490	2,708	1
All other United States(c)	32			2			25			18,934	20,413	39,347	7
Other(b)	—			—			<1			—	—	—	—
Total	100		%	100		%	100		%	38,240	514,637	552,877	100	%

Total revenues (in millions)	$	1,391.4		$	431.2		$	1,831.7

(a)All displays, including those reserved for transit agency use.

(b)Includes revenues from third-party digital equipment sales.

(c)No single location (metropolitan area) in “All other United States” individually represents more than 2% of total revenues.

The New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas contributed 57% and 8%, respectively, of total transit revenues in 2024 and 52% and 9%, respectively, of total transit revenues in 2023. Los Angeles contributed 15% of total billboard revenues in each of 2024 and 2023. New York contributed 9% of total billboard revenues in 2024 and 10% in 2023. For additional information regarding revenues for our billboard displays and transit displays by segment, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Renovation, Improvement and Development

The following table sets forth information regarding our digital displays.


	Digital Revenues (in millions) for the Year Ended						Number of Digital Displays(a) as of
Location	Digital Billboard		Digital Transit		Total Digital Revenues		Digital Billboard Displays	Digital Transit Displays	Total Digital Displays
December 31, 2025:
United States	$	434.3	$	214.8	$	649.1	1,928	29,493	31,421

December 31, 2024:
United States	$	436.9	$	164.8	$	601.7	1,935	28,388	30,323
Canada(b)	11.5		1.1		12.6		—	—	—
Total	$	448.4	$	165.9	$	614.3	1,935	28,388	30,323

December 31, 2023:
United States	$	409.5	$	143.7	$	553.2	1,874	21,593	23,467
Canada(b)	32.2		2.9		35.1		317	101	418
Total	$	441.7	$	146.6	$	588.3	2,191	21,694	23,885

(a)Digital display amounts include 6,505 displays reserved for transit agency use in 2025, 6,089 in 2024 and 4,980 in 2023. Our number of digital displays is impacted by acquisitions, dispositions, management agreements, the net effect of new and lost billboards, and the net effect of won and lost franchises in the period.

(b)On June 7, 2024, we completed the sale of the Canadian Business in the Transaction. (See Item 8., Note 14. Acquisition and Dispositions: Dispositions to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Most of our non-maintenance capital expenditures are directed towards new revenue-generating projects, such as the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital, the building of new digital displays and the enhancement of our billboard structures to enable us to charge premium rates. We have deployed state-of-the-art digital transit displays in connection with several transit franchises we operate. We intend to incur significant capital expenditures in coming years to continue increasing the number of digital displays in our portfolio. See “—Growth Strategy.”

We built or converted 103 digital billboard displays in the U.S. in 2025, compared to 89 digital billboard displays in the U.S. in 2024, and 84 digital billboard displays in the U.S. in 2023. Additionally, we entered into marketing arrangements to sell advertising on 21 third-party digital billboard displays in the U.S. in 2025, compared to 21 third-party digital billboard displays in the U.S. in 2024 and 46 third-party digital billboard displays in the U.S. in 2023.

We built, converted or replaced 1,170 digital transit and other displays in the U.S. in 2025, and 6,664 digital transit and other displays in the U.S. in 2024. Our total number of digital displays is impacted by acquisitions, dispositions, management agreements and the net effect of new and lost billboards and the net effect of won and lost franchises.

As of December 31, 2025, our average initial investment required for a digital billboard display is approximately $260,000.

We routinely invest capital in the maintenance and repair of our billboard and transit structures. This includes safety initiatives and replaced displays, as well as new billboard components such as panels, sections, catwalks, lighting and ladders. Our maintenance capital expenditures were $30.6 million in 2025, $21.7 million in 2024 and $30.2 million in 2023. Maintenance capital expenditures also include spending on software and technology, and office facilities renovations.

In the opinion of management, our outdoor advertising sites and structures are adequately covered by insurance.

Contract Expirations

We derive revenues primarily from providing advertising space to customers on our advertising structures and sites. Our traditional contracts with customers generally cover periods ranging from four weeks to one year and are generally billed every four weeks. Since contract terms are short-term in nature, revenues by year of contract expiration are not considered meaningful.

Our transit businesses involve periodically obtaining and renewing contracts with municipalities and other governmental entities. All of these contracts have fixed terms, are typically terminable for convenience at the option of the governmental entity (other than with respect to the MTA), and generally provide for payments to the governmental entity based on a percentage of the revenues generated under the contract and/or a guaranteed minimum annual payment, and some may require us to incur capital expenditures. When these contracts expire, we generally must participate in highly competitive bidding processes in order to obtain or renew contracts. For further information about municipal transit contracts, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

For information about the property lease contracts relating to our advertising structures and sites, see “Item 2. Properties.”

Competition

The outdoor advertising industry is fragmented, consisting of several companies operating on a national basis, including our company, Lamar, Clear Channel Outdoor, JCDecaux and Intersection, as well as hundreds of smaller regional and local companies operating a limited number of displays in a single or a few local geographic markets. We compete with these companies for both customers and structure and display locations. We also compete with other media, including online, mobile and social media advertising platforms and traditional advertising platforms (such as television, radio, print and direct mail marketers). In addition, we compete with a wide variety of out-of-home media, including advertising in shopping centers, airports, movie theaters, supermarkets and taxis. Advertisers compare relative costs of available media, including average cost per thousand impressions or “CPMs”, particularly when delivering a message to customers with distinct demographic characteristics. In competing with other media, the outdoor advertising industry relies on its ability to reach specific markets, geographic areas and/or demographics and its relative cost efficiency.

Seasonality

Our revenues and profits fluctuate due to seasonal advertising patterns and influences on advertising markets. Typically, our revenues and profits are highest in the fourth quarter, during the holiday shopping season, and lowest in the first quarter, as advertisers adjust on spending following the holiday shopping season. Our revenues and profits also fluctuate due to external events beyond our control.

Human Capital

We believe we can continue to enhance stockholder value through our purpose-driven business practices that consider the long-term interests of all our stakeholders, including our employees. We aim to create a workplace where employees feel engaged, rewarded and empowered. Culture plays an important role in the way we conduct business and attract talent and, as such, we actively promote a culture of collaboration, creativity, inclusivity and ownership throughout the employee experience.

Our People

As of December 31, 2025, we had a total of 1,986 employees. As of December 31, 2025, 788 employees were sales and sales-related personnel. As of December 31, 2025, 1,981, or 99.7%, of our employees were full-time employees and five, or 0.3%, were part-time employees. Some of these employees are represented by labor unions and are subject to collective bargaining agreements.

Hiring, developing and retaining employees is important to our business. As our business grows, we place a priority on helping our employees build both their skills and careers. We provide regular and ongoing employee development and training, through among other things, our annual performance review process, and employee trainings in consultative selling, technology, safety, compliance, management and leadership skills. We also recognize the efforts of our employees with a variety of equity, cash and non-cash awards.

We continually monitor our employee turnover rates. In 2025, we experienced higher total employee turnover of 19% compared to 12% in 2024, and 13% in 2023. The increase in employee turnover rates in 2025 was primarily due to a restructuring and reduction in force plan, completed in June 2025, intended to achieve the Company’s strategic goals of increasing sales demand, enhancing customer experience, optimizing internal cost efficiencies, and realigning its organization. Voluntary turnover increased slightly in 2025 compared to 2024, and decreased in 2024 compared to 2023.

Culture and Inclusion

We are committed to promoting an inclusive working environment. Inclusion is a core value and driver of our business that we believe positions our employees to reach their full potential and contribute to our collective success. We believe that in order to effectively connect diverse audiences across markets, we need a workforce that reflects the diversity of the communities we represent and in which we operate. Our commitment to inclusive collaboration is reflected in the work of our Culture & Inclusion Advisory Council and seven active employee resource groups (“ERGs”). Together, they lead our Culture & Inclusion program, which is designed to foster a workplace culture that embraces collaboration, respect, and opportunity for all employees. Through ERGs, professional development initiatives, thought-provoking and inclusive events, speaker series and internship programs, we aim to strengthen connections, support career growth, and cultivate a sense of belonging across the organization.

Compensation, Benefits, Health and Safety

We provide an attractive compensation and benefits package to attract and retain key talent and support our employees’ health, well-being and overall development, including competitive salaries and wages, healthcare and insurance benefits, a 401(k) program, paid time off including for parental leave and volunteer activities, education assistance, and a broad-based equity program to foster a sense of ownership among the majority of our full-time employees.

We take the health and safety of our employees very seriously. Our safety programs are developed, managed, and enforced by our National Safety Council, which consists of our operations senior leadership and risk management team, licensed and certified safety professionals, and technical experts. Our comprehensive training program is another essential aspect to promoting the safety of our employees. We require all our field operations team members to participate in an extensive training process, which we reinforce with trainings throughout the year. Additionally, all of our company-owned vehicles have been installed with telematic monitoring systems. This allows us to proactively monitor, coach, and improve our employees’ driving behaviors, and facilitates defensive driving practices, which in turn, should create a safer environment for our employees and the people in the markets we serve, along with mitigating our insurance costs.

Regulation

The outdoor advertising industry is subject to governmental regulation and enforcement at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S. These regulations have a significant impact on the outdoor advertising industry and our business. The descriptions that follow are summaries and should be read in conjunction with the texts of the regulations described herein, which are subject to change. The descriptions do not purport to describe all present and proposed regulations affecting our businesses.

In the U.S., the federal Highway Beautification Act of 1965 (the “HBA”) establishes a framework for the regulation of outdoor advertising on primary and interstate highways built with federal financial assistance. As a condition to federal highway assistance, the HBA requires states to restrict billboards on such highways to commercial and industrial areas, and imposes certain size, spacing and other requirements associated with the installation and operation of billboards. The HBA also requires the development of state standards, promotes the expeditious removal of illegal signs and requires just compensation for takings, on affected roadways. These state restrictions and standards, or their local and municipal counterparts, as described below, may be modified, replaced or invalidated over time in response to third party legal challenges or otherwise, which could affect prevailing competitive conditions in our markets in a variety of ways and/or have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Operations—Government regulation of outdoor advertising, including any changes to such regulation, may restrict our outdoor advertising operations and our ability to increase the number of advertising displays in our portfolio.”

Municipal and county governments generally also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws and building codes, and many have adopted standards more restrictive than the federal requirements. Some state and local government regulations prohibit construction of new billboards and some allow new construction only to replace existing structures. Other laws and regulations throughout the U.S. limit or prohibit the ability to modify, relocate, rebuild, replace, repair, maintain and upgrade advertising structures, particularly those structures that are “legal nonconforming” (i.e., that conformed with applicable regulations when built but which no longer conform to current regulations), and impose restrictions on the construction, repair, maintenance, lighting, operation, upgrading, height, size, spacing and location of outdoor structures generally and/or on the surrounding land and vegetation, as well as on the use of new technologies such as digital signs. In addition, from time to time, third parties or local governments commence proceedings in which they assert that we own or operate structures that are not properly permitted or otherwise in strict compliance with applicable law.

Governmental regulation of advertising displays also limits our installation of additional advertising displays, restricts advertising displays to governmentally controlled sites or permits the installation of advertising displays in a manner that could benefit our competitors disproportionately, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Although state and local government authorities from time to time use the power of eminent domain to remove billboards, U.S. law requires payment of compensation if a state or political subdivision compels the removal of a lawful billboard along a primary or interstate highway that was built with federal financial assistance. Additionally, many states require similar compensation (or relocation) with regard to compelled removals of lawful billboards in other locations, although the methodology used to determine such compensation varies by jurisdiction. Some local governments in the U.S. have attempted to force the removal of billboards after a period of years under a concept called amortization. Under this concept the governmental body asserts that just compensation has been earned by continued operation of the billboard over a period of time. Thus far, we have generally been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for our billboards purchased or removed as a result of governmental action, although there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.

A number of federal, state and local governments in the U.S. have implemented, or introduced legislation to impose, taxes (including taxes on revenues from outdoor advertising or for the right to use outdoor advertising assets), fees and registration requirements in an effort to decrease or restrict the number of outdoor advertising structures and sites or raise revenues, or both. Several jurisdictions have already imposed taxes based on a percentage of our outdoor advertising revenue in those jurisdictions. In addition, some jurisdictions have taxed our personal property and leasehold interests in outdoor advertising locations using various other valuation methodologies. We expect federal, state and local governments in the U.S. to continue to try to impose such laws as a way of increasing their revenue and restricting outdoor advertising.

Further, certain laws and regulations may affect prevailing competitive conditions in our markets in a variety of ways, including reducing our expansion opportunities, or increasing or reducing competitive pressure on us from other members of the outdoor advertising industry and/or other parties who wish to engage in outdoor advertising. No assurance can be given that existing or future laws or regulations, and the enforcement thereof, will not materially and adversely affect the outdoor advertising industry. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Operations—Taxes, fees and registration requirements may reduce our profits or expansion opportunities.” However, we contest laws and regulations that we believe unlawfully restrict our constitutional or other legal rights and may adversely impact the growth of our outdoor advertising business.

Restrictions on outdoor advertising of certain products, services and content are or may be imposed by federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as contracts with municipalities and transit franchise partners. For example, certain classes and types of tobacco products have been effectively banned from outdoor advertising in all of the jurisdictions in which we currently do business.

As the owner or operator of various real properties, sites and facilities, we must comply with various federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the U.S. We and our properties are subject to such laws and regulations related to the use, storage, disposal, emission and release of hazardous and nonhazardous substances and employee health and safety. Historically, with the exception of safety upgrades, we have not incurred significant expenditures to comply with these laws.

We intend to expand the deployment of digital billboards that display digital advertising copy from various advertisers that change up to several times per minute. We have encountered some existing regulations in the U.S. that restrict or prohibit these types of digital displays. Furthermore, as digital advertising displays are introduced into the market on a large scale, existing regulations that currently do not apply to digital advertising displays by their terms could be revised to impose specific restrictions on digital advertising displays due to alleged concerns over, among other things, aesthetics or driver safety.

We are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations as well as industry standards and regulations regarding privacy, information security, data and consumer protection (including with respect to personally identifiable information), among other things. Many of these laws and industry standards and regulations are still evolving and changes in the nature of the data that we collect, purchase and utilize, and the ways that data is permitted to be collected, stored, used and/or shared (including with respect to artificial intelligence, machine learning and automated processing) may negatively impact the way that we are able to conduct business, particularly our digital display platform. Additionally, no cybersecurity measures are impenetrable, and if a cybersecurity incident occurs, we could lose competitively sensitive proprietary business information, disclose personally identifiable information, and/or suffer significant disruptions to our business operations, particularly our digital advertising displays, which could result in, among other things, regulatory investigations, legal proceedings and/or remedial actions relating to our cybersecurity measures. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our

Business and Operations—Changes in regulations and consumer concerns regarding privacy, information security and data, or any failure or perceived failure to comply with these regulations or our internal policies, could negatively impact our business” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Operations—If we experience a cybersecurity incident, we may suffer reputational harm and significant legal and financial exposure.”

Policies with Respect to Certain Activities

The following is a discussion of certain of our investment, financing and other policies. We intend to conduct our business in a manner such that we are not treated as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. In addition, we intend to conduct our business in a manner that is consistent with maintaining our qualification to be taxed as a REIT. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of directors without a vote of our stockholders.

Investment Policies

Investment in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate. Our investment objective is to maximize after-tax cash flow. We intend to achieve this objective by developing our existing advertising structures and sites, including through the digital modernization of such advertising structures and sites, and by building and acquiring new advertising structures and sites. We currently intend to invest in advertising structures and sites located primarily in major metropolitan areas. Future development or investment activities will not be limited to any specific percentage of our assets or to any geographic area or type of advertising structure or site. While we may diversify in terms of location, size and market, we do not have any limit on the amount or percentage of our assets that may be invested in any one property or any one geographic area. In addition, we may purchase or lease properties for long-term investment, improve the properties we presently own or other acquired properties, or lease such properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant.

We may enter into multi-year contracts with municipalities and transit operators for the right to display advertising copy on the interior and exterior of rail and subway cars, buses, benches, trams, trains, transit shelters, street kiosks and transit platforms. In addition, we may participate with third parties in property ownership through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership.

Investments in acquired advertising structures and sites, directly or in connection with joint ventures, may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or to new indebtedness that may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these properties. We do not currently have any restrictions on the number or amount of mortgages that may be placed on any one advertising site or structure. Debt service on such financing or indebtedness will have a priority over any distributions with respect to our common stock.

Investments in Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers. We have and may in the future invest in securities or interests of other issuers, including REITs and entities engaged in real estate activities, directly or in connection with joint ventures or in connection with other strategic transactions. We have not and do not currently anticipate investing in securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising control over such entities, acquiring any investments primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, or holding any investments with a view to making short-term gains from their sale, but we may engage in these activities in the future. Since we must comply with various requirements under the Code in order to maintain our qualification to be taxed as a REIT, our ability to engage in certain investments and acquisitions may be limited. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure.”

Investments in Other Securities. We may in the future invest in additional securities such as non-corporate bonds. We have no present intention to make any such investments, except for investments in cash equivalents in the ordinary course of business. Future investment activities in additional securities will not be limited to any specific percentage of our assets or to any specific type of securities or industry group.

Acquisitions and Dispositions. From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we have both acquired and disposed of advertising structures and sites in order to optimize our portfolio, and we intend to continue to do so in the future. See “—Acquisition and Disposition Activity” and “—Growth Strategy.”

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages. We have not invested in, nor do we have any present intention to invest in, real estate mortgages, although we are not prohibited from doing so.

Financing and Leverage Policy

We may, when appropriate, employ leverage and use debt as a means to finance growth in our business, refinance existing debt, provide additional funds to distribute to stockholders, and/or for corporate purposes. The Company, along with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Outfront Media Capital LLC and Outfront Media Capital Corporation (together, the “Borrowers”), and other guarantor subsidiaries party thereto, are parties to a credit agreement, dated as of September 24, 2025 (the “Credit Agreement”), pursuant to which the Borrowers may borrow funds under a $500.0 million revolving credit facility, which matures in 2030 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and have incurred outstanding indebtedness of $500.0 million under a term loan due in 2032 (the “Term Loan,” together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Senior Credit Facilities”). Since 2014, the Borrowers have also been parties to agreements governing our standalone letter of credit facilities. As of December 31, 2025, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $67.2 million under our aggregate $81.0 million standalone letter of credit facilities. Additionally, since 2014, the Borrowers have issued senior notes in several private placement transactions and redeemed certain of these senior notes. As of December 31, 2025, of the senior notes issued by the Borrowers, $650.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.000% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”), $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.250% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”), $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”) and $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Notes,” and collectively with the 2027 Notes, the 2029 Notes and the 2030 Notes, the “Notes”) remain outstanding. In addition, as of December 31, 2025, we have a $150.0 million revolving accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Facility”), which terminates in 2027, unless further extended. We have, and from time to time we may, draw funds from the Revolving Credit Facility and/or the AR Facility or other credit facilities that we may establish for specific or general corporate purposes, subject to borrowing capacities available under these facilities. For more information, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

The Company’s Charter (as amended, our “charter”) and the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (our “bylaws”) do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness that we may incur, nor have we adopted any policies addressing this. The Credit Agreement, the agreements governing the AR Facility and the indentures governing the Notes contain, and any future debt agreements may contain, covenants that place restrictions on us and our subsidiaries. Our board of directors may limit our debt incurrence to be more restrictive than our debt covenants allow and from time to time may modify these restrictions in light of then-current economic conditions, relative costs of debt and equity capital, market values of our properties, general conditions in the market for debt and equity securities, fluctuations in the market price of our common stock, growth and acquisition opportunities and other factors. If these restrictions are relaxed, we could become more highly leveraged, resulting in an increased risk of default on our obligations and a related increase in debt service requirements. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Lending Policies

We do not intend to engage in significant lending activities, although we do not have a policy limiting our ability to make loans to third parties. We may consider offering purchase money financing in connection with the sale of properties. Other than loans to joint ventures in which we participate and loans to joint venture partners, which we have made, and may continue to make, we have not made any loans to third parties.

Company Securities Policies

In the future, we may issue debt securities (including senior securities), offer common stock, preferred stock, convertible securities or options to purchase common stock in exchange for property, and/or repurchase or otherwise reacquire our common stock or other securities in the open market or otherwise. Except in connection with the Notes, stock dividends and similar transactions, and stock-based employee compensation, in the past four years, we have not offered or issued debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, convertible securities, options to purchase common stock or any other securities in exchange for property or any other purpose. Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock. In addition, our charter permits a majority of our entire board of directors to, without common stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. We have not engaged in trading, underwriting or agency distribution or sale of securities of other issuers and do not intend to do so.

We make available to our stockholders our Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our audited financial statements, and other required periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). See “—Available Information.”

Conflict of Interest Policies

Policies Applicable to All Directors and Officers. The Company has adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all executive officers, employees and directors of the Company. In addition, the Company has adopted a Supplemental Code of Ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer and controller or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Conduct and Supplemental Code of Ethics are designed to promote honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between our employees, officers and directors and us. However, there can be no assurance that these policies or provisions of law will always be successful in eliminating the influence of such conflicts.

Interested Director and Officer Transactions. Pursuant to the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), a contract or other transaction between us and any of our directors or between us and any other corporation or other entity in which any of our directors is a director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of such common directorship or interest, the presence of such director at the meeting of the board of directors or committee of the board of directors at which the contract or transaction is authorized, approved or ratified or the counting of the director’s vote in favor thereof, provided that: (1) the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed or known to our board of directors or a committee of our board, and our board or committee authorizes, approves or ratifies the transaction or contract by the affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors constitute less than a quorum; (2) the fact of the common directorship or interest is disclosed or known to our stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the transaction or contract is authorized, approved or ratified by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote other than the votes of shares owned of record or beneficially owned by the interested director or corporation, firm or other entity; or (3) the transaction or contract is fair and reasonable to us.

Available Information

Our website address is www.outfront.com. We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and file or furnish reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Such reports and other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available free of charge in the Investor Relations section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated into this filing.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” before investing in the Company. The occurrence of any of the following risks might cause you to lose all or a part of your investment. Certain statements in the following risk factors constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

Our business is sensitive to a decline in advertising expenditures, general economic conditions and other external events beyond our control.

We derive our revenues from providing advertising space to customers on out-of-home advertising structures and sites. A decline in the economic prospects of advertisers, the economy in general or the economy of any individual geographic market or industry, particularly a market or industry in which we conduct substantial business and derive a significant portion of our revenues, such as the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas, and the entertainment, retail and legal services/lawyers industries, could alter current or prospective advertisers’ spending priorities. See “Item 1. Business—Our Portfolio of Outdoor Advertising Structures and Sites.” In addition, disasters, acts of terrorism, disease outbreaks and pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions), hostilities, wars, political uncertainty (such as government shutdowns), changes in governmental fiscal and trade policies (such as tariffs), industry shutdowns or slowdowns (including due to labor strikes), extraordinary weather events (such as hurricanes and wildfires), power outages, technological changes and shifts in market demographics and transportation patterns (including reductions in foot traffic, roadway traffic, commuting, transit ridership and overall target audiences due to remote work, safety concerns or otherwise) caused by the foregoing or otherwise, may (i) interrupt our ability to build, deploy, and/or display advertising on, advertising structures and sites; (ii) delay our ability to develop and enhance our products and services; (iii) reduce or curtail our customers’ advertising expenditures and overall demand for our services; (iv) increase the volatility of our customers’ advertising expenditure patterns from period-to-period through short-notice purchases, purchase deferrals, purchase cancellations or otherwise; (v) extend delays in the collection of certain earned advertising revenues from our customers; (vi) limit our access to the capital markets and the leveraged finance markets on reasonable pricing or other terms or at all; and (vii) cause us to fail to satisfy our contractual obligations and/or need to seek relief from our contractual obligations that we may be unable to receive from our counterparties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We operate in a highly competitive industry.

The outdoor advertising industry is fragmented, consisting of a few companies operating on a national basis, such as our company, Lamar, Clear Channel Outdoor, JCDecaux and Intersection, as well as hundreds of smaller regional and local companies operating a limited number of displays in a single or a few local geographic markets. We compete with these companies for both customers and display locations. If our competitors offer advertising displays at rates below the rates we charge our customers, we could lose potential customers and could be pressured to reduce our rates below those currently charged to retain customers, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. A majority of our display locations are leased, and a significant portion of those leases are month-to-month or have a short remaining term. If our competitors offer to lease display locations at rental rates higher than the rental rates we offer, we could lose display locations and could be pressured to increase rental rates above those we currently pay to site landlords, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, installation of advertising displays, especially digital advertising displays, by us or our competitors at a pace that exceeds the ability of the market to derive new revenues from those displays could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also compete with other media, including online, mobile and social media advertising platforms and traditional advertising platforms (such as television, radio, print and direct mail marketers). In addition, we compete with a wide variety of out-of-home media, including advertising in shopping centers, airports, movie theaters, supermarkets and taxis. Advertisers compare relative costs of available media, including the average cost per thousand impressions or “CPM,” particularly when delivering a message to customers with distinct demographic characteristics. In competing with other media, the outdoor advertising industry relies on its relative cost efficiency and its ability to reach specific markets, geographic areas and/or demographics. If we are unable to compete on these terms, we could lose potential customers and could be pressured to reduce rates below those

we currently charge to retain customers, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Further, as digital advertising technology continues to develop, our competitors may be able to offer products that are, or that are seen to be, substantially similar to or better than ours. This may force us to compete in different ways and incur additional costs, become subject to additional governmental regulations, and/or expend resources in order to remain competitive. If our competitors are more successful than we are in developing digital advertising products or in attracting and retaining customers, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Government regulation of outdoor advertising, including any changes to such regulation, may restrict our outdoor advertising operations and our ability to increase the number of advertising displays in our portfolio.

The outdoor advertising industry is subject to governmental regulation and enforcement at the federal, state and local levels in the U.S. These regulations have a significant impact on the outdoor advertising industry and our business. See “Part I, Item 1. Business—Regulation.” If there are changes in laws and regulations affecting outdoor advertising at any level of government (including by modification, replacement or invalidation in response to third party legal challenges, competitor lobbying efforts or otherwise), if there are changes or inconsistencies in the enforcement of regulations or if there are allegations of noncompliance with laws or regulations that we are unable to resolve, our structures and sites could be subject to removal or modification and/or prevailing competitive conditions in our markets could be affected in a variety of ways, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, if we are unable to obtain acceptable arrangements or compensation in circumstances in which our structures and sites are subject to removal or modification, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, governmental regulation and enforcement of advertising displays, especially digital advertising displays, may limit our ability to install new advertising displays, restrict advertising displays to governmentally controlled sites or permit the installation of advertising displays in a manner that could benefit our competitors disproportionately, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, as digital advertising displays are introduced into the market on a large scale, new or revised regulations could impose specific restrictions on the installation or use of digital advertising displays.

Operating our digital display platform may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected and the anticipated benefits may not be fully realized.

The success of the digital display platform we provide to our customers and partners through deployment and maintenance of digital advertising displays, enhancements to our digital advertising displays, and the use and development of programmatic, direct sale and other advertising platform technologies (including artificial intelligence-assisted tools), and the realization of any anticipated benefits, will depend, in part, on our ability to deliver and demonstrate the value-added capabilities of our digital display platform to our customers and partners, in a timely manner and in satisfaction of our contractual obligations. If we fail to satisfy our contractual obligations and any such failures cannot be resolved, and/or the digital display platform that we provide to our customers and partners do not meet their expectations or are found to be defective, or if we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits of these products due to reduced market demand for these products or digital advertising generally (including as a result of technological changes, competition, shifts in market demographics and transportation patterns or otherwise), then we may incur financial liability, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Operating our digital display platform for our transit franchise partners in satisfaction of our contractual obligations requires us to incur significant costs, which we may not be able to recover from our customer sales or transit franchise partners. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” Any costs currently anticipated may significantly increase if we incur cost overruns due to (i) technical difficulties; (ii) the increased costs of data, digital displays, materials and labor; (iii) suspensions or delays in installation and/or construction caused by us, our subcontractors, our transit franchise partners or due to external events beyond anyone’s control or otherwise; (iv) insurance, bonding, compliance and litigation expenses; or (v) other factors beyond our control, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including cash flow timing and negative publicity. We may utilize third-party financing to fund these costs, which could subject the Company to additional costs, liabilities and risks. See —“Despite our substantial indebtedness level, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.” In addition, if we are not able to recover these costs from our customer sales or transit franchise partners, we could suffer impairment charges. For example, we have previously suffered impairment charges in connection with our agreements with our transit franchise partners, primarily our agreement with the MTA . See “—We could suffer losses due to impairment in the carrying value of our long-lived assets and goodwill.”

Further, we rely on third parties to manufacture, transport and install digital displays, and provide and support programmatic, direct sale and other advertising platform technologies (including artificial intelligence-assisted tools) for our digital display inventory, and if we are not able to engage third parties on reasonable pricing or other terms due to insufficient capacity or plant closures of a particular manufacturer, market-wide supply shortages, labor shortages, logistics disruptions, software issues, inflationary price increases, trade policy changes (such as tariffs) or otherwise, or if the third parties that we do engage fail to meet their obligations to us, whether due to external events beyond anyone’s control or otherwise, we may be unable to operate our digital display platform in an effective manner or at all, and may fail to satisfy our contractual obligations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may incur material losses and costs as a result of recalls and product liability, warranty and intellectual property claims that may be brought against us.

If any of our digital displays become subject to a recall, our customers may hold us responsible for some or all of the repair or replacement costs of these digital displays under our contractual obligations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including negative publicity. In addition, we may be exposed to product liability and warranty claims in the event that our digital displays actually or allegedly fail to perform as expected, or the use of our digital displays results, or is alleged to result, in death, bodily injury, and/or property damage, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Further, we face the risk of claims that we have infringed third parties’ intellectual property rights with respect to our digital display platform, digital displays and/or any other new products or services we develop, which could be expensive and time consuming to defend, could require us to alter our digital display platform, digital displays and/or any new products or services, prevent us from selling advertising on and/or using our digital display platform, digital displays and/or any new products or services, and/or could require us to pay license, royalty or other fees to third parties in order to continue using our digital display platform, digital displays and/or any new products or services.

The success of our transit advertising business is dependent on obtaining and renewing key municipal contracts on favorable terms.

Our transit advertising business requires us to obtain and renew contracts with municipalities and other governmental entities. All of these contracts have fixed terms, are typically terminable for convenience at the option of the governmental entity (other than with respect to the MTA), and generally provide for payments to the governmental entity based on a percentage of the revenues generated under the contract and/or a guaranteed minimum annual payment, and some may require us to incur capital expenditures. When these contracts expire, we generally must participate in highly competitive bidding processes in order to obtain a new contract. Our inability to successfully obtain or renew these contracts on favorable economic terms or at all could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” In addition, the loss of a key municipal contract in one location could adversely affect our ability to compete in other locations by reducing our scale and ability to offer customers multi-regional and national advertising campaigns. These factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Taxes, fees and registration requirements may reduce our profits or expansion opportunities.

A number of federal, state and local governments in the U.S. have implemented or initiated taxes (including taxes on revenue from outdoor advertising or for the right to use outdoor advertising assets), fees and registration requirements in an effort to decrease or restrict the number of outdoor advertising structures and sites or raise revenue, or both. These laws may affect prevailing competitive conditions in our markets in a variety of ways, including reducing our expansion opportunities, or increasing or reducing competitive pressure on us from other members of the outdoor advertising industry. See—“We operate in a highly competitive industry.” These efforts may continue, and, if we are unable to compete and/or pass on the cost of these items to our customers, the increased imposition of these measures could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Government compensation for the removal of lawful billboards could decrease.

Although federal, state and local government authorities from time to time use the power of eminent domain to remove billboards, U.S. law requires payment of compensation if a government authority compels the removal of a lawful billboard along a primary or interstate highway that was built with federal financial assistance. Additionally, many states require similar compensation (or relocation) with regard to compelled removals of lawful billboards in other locations, although the methodology used to determine such compensation varies by jurisdiction. Some local governments in the U.S. have attempted

to force the removal of billboards after a period of years under a concept called amortization. Under this concept, the governmental body asserts that just compensation has been earned by continued operation of the billboard over a period of time. Thus far, we have generally been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for our billboards purchased or removed as a result of governmental action, although there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future, and, if it does not continue to be the case, there could be an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Content-based restrictions on outdoor advertising may further restrict the categories of customers that can advertise using our structures and sites.

Restrictions on outdoor advertising of certain products, services or other content are or may be imposed by federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as contracts with municipalities and transit franchise partners. For example, certain classes and types of tobacco products have been effectively banned from outdoor advertising in all of the jurisdictions in which we currently do business. In addition, state and local governments in some cases limit outdoor advertising of alcohol, which represented 3% of our total revenues from our Billboard and Transit segments in 2025, 3% in 2024 and 3% in 2023. Further, certain municipalities and transit franchise partners limit issue-based outdoor advertising. Content-based restrictions could cause a reduction in our revenues from leasing advertising space on outdoor advertising displays that display such advertisements and a simultaneous increase in the available space on the existing inventory of displays in the outdoor advertising industry, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operating results are subject to seasonal variations and other factors.

Our business has experienced and is expected to continue to experience seasonality due to, among other things, seasonal advertising patterns and seasonal influences on advertising markets. Typically, our revenues and profits are highest in the fourth quarter, during the holiday shopping season, and lowest in the first quarter, as advertisers adjust their spending following the holiday shopping season. The effects of such seasonality make it difficult to estimate future operating results based on the previous results of any specific quarter, which may make it difficult to plan capital expenditures and expansion, could affect operating results and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Acquisitions and other strategic transactions that we may pursue could have a negative effect on our results of operations.

We frequently evaluate strategic opportunities both within and outside our existing lines of business. We expect from time to time to pursue additional acquisitions of businesses and/or assets and other strategic transactions, including technology investments, and/or the disposition of certain businesses and/or assets. These acquisitions or transactions could be material, and involve numerous risks, including:

•acquisitions or other strategic transactions may prove unprofitable and/or fail to generate anticipated cash flows or gains;

•integrating acquired businesses and/or assets or entering into other strategic transactions may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected and the anticipated benefits and costs savings of such acquisitions or transactions may not be fully realized, for example:

◦we may need to recruit additional senior management and other employees, and we cannot be assured that senior management of acquired businesses and/or assets will continue to work for us, and we cannot be certain that our recruiting efforts will succeed;

◦unforeseen difficulties could divert significant time, attention and effort from management that could otherwise be directed at developing existing business;

◦we may encounter difficulties expanding corporate infrastructure to facilitate the integration of our operations and systems with those of acquired businesses and/or assets or strategic partners, which may cause us to lose the benefits of any expansion; and/or

◦we may lose billboard leases, franchises or advertisers in connection with such acquisitions or transactions, which could disrupt our ongoing businesses;

•we may not be aware of all of the risks associated with any acquired businesses and/or assets or other strategic transactions and certain of our assumptions with respect to these acquisitions or transactions may prove to be inaccurate, which could result in unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting treatment, unexpected increases in taxes due, a loss of anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition;

•we may not be able to obtain financing necessary to fund potential acquisitions or strategic transactions;

•we may face increased competition for potential acquisitions or strategic transactions from other companies, some of which may have greater financial resources than we do, which may result in higher prices for those businesses and assets;

•we may enter into markets and geographic areas where we have limited or no experience; and

•because we must comply with various requirements under the Code in order to maintain our qualification to be taxed as a REIT, including restrictions on the types of assets we may hold, the sources of our income and accumulation of earnings and profits, our ability to engage in certain acquisitions or strategic transactions, such as acquisitions of C corporations, may be limited. See “—Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure—Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate investments or forgo otherwise attractive opportunities.”

Further, acquisitions and dispositions by us may require antitrust review by U.S. federal antitrust agencies and may require review by foreign antitrust agencies under the antitrust laws of foreign jurisdictions. We can give no assurances that the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission or foreign antitrust agencies will not seek to bar or limit us from acquiring or disposing of additional advertising businesses in any market.

We are dependent on our management team, and the loss of senior executive officers or other key employees could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We believe our future success depends on the continued service and skills of our management team and other key employees with experience and business relationships within their respective roles, including landlord and customer relationships. The loss of one or more of these key personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations because of their skills, knowledge of the market, years of industry experience and the difficulty of finding qualified replacement personnel. If any of these personnel were to leave and compete with us, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we experience a cybersecurity incident, we may suffer reputational harm and significant legal and financial exposure.

Although we have implemented physical and logical cybersecurity measures and processes, along with crisis management procedures, designed to protect against the loss, misuse and alteration of our websites, digital assets and proprietary business information as well as consumer, business partner and advertiser personally identifiable information, no cybersecurity measures are impenetrable and we have experienced and remain subject to attempts to access our networks and assets by unauthorized parties. See “Item 1C. Cybersecurity.” Further, because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access and degrade or disable systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. A cybersecurity incident could occur due to the acts or omissions of third parties (including third parties with which we do business), employee error, malfeasance, fraud, system errors or vulnerabilities, or otherwise. An increase in the number of our employees and third parties with which we do business working remotely may increase the risk of a cybersecurity incident, which has required us to modify our physical and logical cybersecurity measures. If a cybersecurity incident occurs, we could lose competitively sensitive proprietary business information, disclose personally identifiable information, and/or suffer significant disruptions to our business operations, particularly our digital advertising displays. In addition, the public perception of the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures, products and/or services could be harmed as well as our overall reputation, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage. Accordingly, if we or third parties with which we do business were to suffer a cybersecurity incident, we could suffer significant legal and financial exposure in connection with our failure to satisfy certain contractual obligations, a loss of business partners and advertisers, regulatory investigations, legal proceedings and/or remedial actions relating to our cybersecurity measures, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. Although we possess cybersecurity insurance, any financial liabilities arising from a cybersecurity incident may not be sufficiently covered by our insurance.

Changes in regulations and consumer concerns regarding privacy, information security and data, or any failure or perceived failure to comply with these regulations or our internal policies, could negatively impact our business.

We collect, purchase and utilize demographic and other information from and about consumers, business partners, advertisers and website users. We are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations as well as industry standards and regulations regarding privacy, information security, data and consumer protection (including with respect to personally identifiable information), among other things. Many of these laws and industry standards and regulations are still evolving and changes in the nature of the data that we collect, purchase and utilize, and the ways that data is permitted to be collected, stored, used and/or shared (including with respect to artificial intelligence, machine learning and automated processing) may negatively impact the way that we are able to conduct business, particularly our digital display platform. In

addition, changes in consumer expectations and demands regarding privacy, information security and data may result in further restrictions on the nature of the data that we collect, purchase and utilize, and the ways we derive economic value from this data, which may limit our ability to offer targeted advertising opportunities to our business partners and advertisers. Although we monitor regulatory changes and have implemented internal policies and procedures designed to comply with all applicable laws, rules, industry standards and regulations, any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with applicable regulatory requirements or our internal policies related to privacy, information security, data and/or consumer protection could result in a loss of confidence, a loss of goodwill, damage to our brand, loss of business partners and advertisers, substantial remediation and compliance costs, adverse regulatory proceedings and/or civil litigation, which could negatively impact our business.

We could suffer losses due to impairment in the carrying value of our long-lived assets and goodwill.

A significant portion of our assets are long-lived assets and goodwill. We test our long-lived assets for impairment whenever there is an indication that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If business conditions or other factors cause our results of operations and/or cash flows to decline, we may be required to record a non-cash asset impairment charge. We test goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter of each year and between annual tests if events or circumstances require an interim impairment assessment. A downward revision in the estimated fair value of a reporting unit could result in a non-cash goodwill impairment charge. For example, in 2024 and 2023, we recorded impairment charges related to our MTA asset group and our historical Transit reporting unit. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies.” Any such impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our reported net income, operating income and our stock price.

Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations may limit or restrict some of our operations.

As the owner or operator of various real properties and facilities, we must comply with various federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the U.S. We and our properties are subject to such laws and regulations related to the use, storage, disposal, emission, release and remediation of hazardous and nonhazardous substances and employee health and safety. Historically, with the exception of safety upgrades, we have not incurred significant expenditures to comply with these laws. However, additional laws that may be passed in the future, or a finding of a violation of or liability under existing laws, could require us to make significant expenditures and otherwise limit or restrict some of our operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations expose us to potential liabilities, reputational harm and other unforeseen adverse effects on our business.

Many governments, regulators, investors, employees, customers and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance considerations relating to businesses, including climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, human capital and diversity. We make statements about our environmental, social and governance goals and initiatives through information provided on our website, press statements and other communications, including our proxy statement. Responding to these environmental, social and governance considerations and implementation of these goals and initiatives involves risks and uncertainties and requires ongoing investments. The success of our goals and initiatives may be impacted by factors that are outside our control. In addition, some stakeholders may disagree with our goals and initiatives and the focus and views of stakeholders may change and evolve over time and vary by the jurisdictions in which we operate. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to achieve our goals, further our initiatives, adhere to our public statements, comply with federal, state or local environmental, social and governance laws and regulations, or meet evolving and varied stakeholder expectations and views could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

We have substantial indebtedness that could adversely affect our financial condition.

As of December 31, 2025, we had total indebtedness of approximately $2.6 billion (consisting of the Term Loan and the Notes with outstanding aggregate principal balances of $500.0 million and $2.1 billion, respectively), undrawn commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility of $500.0 million, excluding $5.1 million of letters of credit issued against the Revolving Credit Facility, and $150.0 million borrowing capacity remaining under the AR Facility. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Our level of debt could have important consequences, including:

•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Notes and our other debt;

•requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow to fund acquisitions, working capital, capital expenditures, and strategic business development efforts and other corporate purposes;

•increasing our vulnerability to and limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the business, the industries in which we operate, the economy and governmental regulations;

•limiting our ability to make strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;

•exposing us to the risk of rising interest rates as borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities and the AR Facility are subject to variable rates of interest;

•placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and

•limiting our ability to borrow additional funds.

The terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to incur debt that we may need to fund initiatives in response to changes in our business, the industries in which we operate, the economy and governmental regulations.

The Credit Agreement and the indentures governing the Notes contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries and limit our ability to engage in actions that may be in our long-term best interests, including restrictions on our and our subsidiaries’ ability to:

•incur additional indebtedness;

•pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of our capital stock (other than dividends or distributions necessary for us to maintain our REIT status, subject to certain conditions);

•make investments or acquisitions;

•sell, transfer or otherwise convey certain assets;

•change our accounting methods;

•create liens;

•enter into agreements restricting the ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany transfers;

•consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our or our subsidiaries’ assets;

•enter into transactions with affiliates;

•prepay certain kinds of indebtedness;

•issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; and

•change the nature of our business.

The agreements governing the AR Facility also contain affirmative and negative covenants with respect to the SPVs (as defined below) holding our accounts receivables.

In addition, the Credit Agreement (and under certain circumstances, the agreements governing the AR Facility) has a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio (as described in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources”). Our ability to meet this financial covenant may be affected by events beyond our control.

As a result of all of these restrictions, we may be:

•limited in how we conduct our business;

•unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or

•unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.

These restrictions could hinder our ability to grow in accordance with our strategy or inhibit our ability to adhere to our intended distribution policy and, accordingly, may cause us to incur additional U.S. federal income tax liability beyond current expectations.

A breach of the covenants under the Credit Agreement or the indentures governing the Notes, as well as a breach of the covenants under the agreements governing the AR Facility, including the inability to repay any amounts due and payable, could result in an event of default or termination event under the applicable agreement. Such a default or termination event would allow the lenders under the Senior Credit Facilities, the Purchasers (as defined below) under the AR Facility and the holders of the Notes to accelerate the repayment of such debt and may result in the acceleration of the repayment of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In the event our creditors accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. An event of default or termination event under the Credit Agreement, the indenture and related agreements governing the 2031 Notes, and the agreements governing the AR Facility would also permit the applicable lenders, holders of the 2031 Notes, Purchasers and any other secured creditors to proceed against the collateral that secures such indebtedness, and, with respect to the Credit Agreement and AR Facility, terminate all other commitments to extend additional credit to us. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Despite our substantial indebtedness level, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.

We and our subsidiaries may incur significant additional indebtedness in the future, including secured indebtedness. Although the Credit Agreement, the indentures governing the Notes and the agreements governing the AR Facility contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens, these restrictions will be subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness, incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If we incur any additional indebtedness that ranks equally with the Senior Credit Facilities, the AR Facility and/or the Notes, subject to collateral arrangements, the holders of that debt will be entitled to share ratably with existing holders of our debt in any proceeds distributed in connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up of our business. This may have the effect of reducing the amount of proceeds paid to existing stockholders. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face would increase.

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities and the AR Facility are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, as we have experienced historically, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows will correspondingly decrease. At our level of indebtedness, as of December 31, 2025, a 1/4% change in interest rates on our variable rate Term Loan would have resulted in a $1.3 million change in annual estimated interest expense. Our aggregate annual estimated interest expense will increase if we make any borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. We have, and may in the future, enter into interest rate swaps that involve the exchange of floating for fixed rate interest payments in order to reduce future interest rate volatility. However, we may not elect to maintain such interest rate swaps with respect to any of our variable rate indebtedness, and any swaps we enter into may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk.

To service our indebtedness, we require a significant amount of cash and our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to make cash payments on and to refinance our indebtedness, including the Notes, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate significant operating cash flow in the future. Our ability to generate such cash flow is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. In addition, our ability to generate cash flow may be affected by our REIT compliance obligations and any consequences of failing to remain qualified as a REIT. See “—Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure.”

Our business may not generate cash flow from operations in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, including the Notes, or to fund our other liquidity needs. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness, selling assets or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions and investments. Such actions, if necessary, may not be effected on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our ability to refinance or restructure our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at the applicable time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous

covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. Further, the Credit Agreement, the indentures governing the Notes and the agreements governing the AR Facility restrict our ability to undertake, or use the proceeds from, such measures.

Our cash available for distribution to stockholders may not be sufficient to make distributions at expected levels, and we may need to borrow in order to make such distributions or may not be able to make such distributions in full.

Distributions that we may make will be authorized and determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available. The availability, amount, timing and frequency of distributions will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors, and will be declared based upon various factors, including, but not limited to: our results of operations, our financial condition and our operating cash inflows and outflows, including capital expenditures and acquisitions; future taxable income; our REIT distribution requirements (which may be satisfied by making distributions to our common stockholders, our preferred stockholders, if any, or a combination of our stockholders); limitations contained in our debt instruments (such as restrictions on distributions in excess of the minimum amount required to maintain our status as a REIT and on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to the Company); debt service requirements; limitations on our ability to use cash generated in the TRSs to fund distributions; and applicable law. We may need to increase our borrowings in order to fund our intended distributions. See “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Dividend Policy,” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources,” “—Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure—Our board of directors has the power to cause us to issue additional shares of stock without common stockholder approval,” and “—Despite our substantial indebtedness level, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.”

Hedging transactions could have a negative effect on our results of operations.

We have entered, and may in the future enter, into hedging transactions, including without limitation, with respect to interest rate exposure and foreign currency exchange rates and on one or more of our assets or liabilities. The use of hedging transactions involves certain risks, including: (1) the possibility that the market will move in a manner or direction that would have resulted in a gain for us had a hedging transaction not been utilized, in which case our performance would have been better had we not engaged in the hedging transaction; (2) the risk of an imperfect correlation between the risk sought to be hedged and the hedging transaction used; (3) the potential illiquidity for the hedging instrument used, which may make it difficult for us to close out or unwind a hedging transaction; (4) the possibility that our counterparty fails to honor its obligations; and (5) the possibility that we may have to post collateral to enter into hedging transactions, which we may lose if we are unable to honor our obligations. In addition, as a REIT, we have limitations on our income sources, and the hedging strategies available to us will be more limited than those available to companies that are not REITs. See “—Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure—Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.”

Risks Related to Our Corporate and REIT Structure

Our board of directors has the power to cause us to issue additional shares of stock without common stockholder approval.

Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common or preferred stock. In addition, our charter permits a majority of our entire board of directors to, without common stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. Our charter also permits our board of directors to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common or preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of directors will be able to establish a series of shares of common or preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for outstanding shares of stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

For example, we previously issued and sold convertible preferred stock, which ranked senior to our common stock with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets on any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs. As of December 31, 2025, no shares of preferred stock remained outstanding. Further, our REIT distribution requirement may be satisfied by making distributions to our common stockholders, our preferred stockholders or a combination of our stockholders. See “—REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.”

Certain provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us.

Certain provisions of the MGCL may have the effect of delaying or preventing a transaction or a change in control of us that might involve a premium price for shares of our stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders, including:

•“business combination” provisions that, subject to certain exceptions, prohibit certain business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of a corporation who, at any time during the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation) or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter imposes two super-majority stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and

•“control share” provisions that provide that, subject to certain exceptions, holders of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation (defined as voting shares of stock that, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned or controlled by the acquirer, would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in the election of directors within one of three increasing ranges) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of issued and outstanding “control shares,” subject to certain exceptions) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by its stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.

Additionally, under Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL, our board of directors is permitted, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain takeover defenses.

Our board of directors has by resolution exempted from the provisions of the Maryland Business Combination Act, as described above, all business combinations between us and any other person, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of directors (including a majority of our directors who are not affiliates or associates of such person). In addition, our bylaws contain a provision opting out of the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act, as described above. Moreover, our charter provides that vacancies on our board may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, and that any directors elected by the board to fill vacancies will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies. Our bylaws provide that our board of directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws. There can be no assurance that these exemptions or provisions will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.

Our charter contains a provision that eliminates the liability of our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. In addition, our charter authorizes us, and our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:

•any present or former director or officer who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, a proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; and

•any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer, trustee or manager of another corporation, REIT, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.

Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee of our company or a predecessor of our company.

The indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses provided by the indemnification provisions of our charter and bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of or limit in any way other rights to which any person seeking indemnification, or payment or reimbursement of expenses may be or may become entitled under any statute, bylaw, resolution, insurance, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

In addition, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors. Each indemnification agreement provides, among other things, for indemnification as provided in the agreement and otherwise to the fullest extent permitted by law and our charter and bylaws against judgments, fines, penalties, amounts paid in settlement and reasonable

expenses, including attorneys’ fees. The indemnification agreements provide for the advancement or payment of expenses to the indemnitee and for reimbursement to us if it is found that such indemnitee is not entitled to such advancement.

Accordingly, in the event that any of our directors or officers are exculpated from, or indemnified against, liability but whose actions impede our performance, we and our stockholders’ ability to recover damages from that director or officer will be limited.

If we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be subject to federal, state and local income taxes as a regular corporation and could face a substantial tax liability, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

Qualification to be taxed as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent failure to comply with these provisions could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Our ability to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT may depend in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence.

In addition, the rules dealing with federal income taxation are continually under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”). Although the IRS has issued a private letter ruling with respect to certain issues relevant to our ability to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification to be taxed as a REIT in the future. Changes to the tax laws or interpretations thereof, or the IRS’s position with respect to our private letter ruling, with or without retroactive application, could materially and negatively affect our ability to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

If we were to fail to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal, state and local income taxes on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any resulting corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to holders of our common stock, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of our common stock and may require us to incur indebtedness or liquidate certain investments in order to pay such tax liability. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

To maintain REIT status, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. This distribution requirement may be satisfied by making distributions to our common stockholders, our preferred stockholders, if any, or a combination of our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and including any net capital gains, we will be subject to federal, state and local income taxes on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax if the amount that we actually distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws.

From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our cash flow as a result of differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash or the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments. If we do not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell assets at disadvantageous prices or distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may impact our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

To fund our growth strategy and refinance our indebtedness, we may depend on external sources of capital, which may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

As a result of the REIT organizational and operational requirements described above, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary acquisition financing, solely from operating cash flows. Consequently, we expect to rely on

third-party capital market sources for debt or equity financing to fund our business strategy. In addition, we will likely need third-party capital market sources to refinance our indebtedness at or prior to maturity. Turbulence in the economy and financial markets could adversely impact our ability to replace or renew maturing liabilities on a timely basis or access the capital markets to meet liquidity and capital expenditure requirements and may result in adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As such, we may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital also depends, in part, on:

•the market’s perception of our growth potential;

•our then-current levels of indebtedness;

•our historical and expected future earnings, cash flows and cash distributions; and

•the market price per share of our common stock.

In addition, our ability to access additional capital may be limited by the terms of our outstanding indebtedness, which may restrict our incurrence of additional debt. See “—Risks Related to Our Indebtedness—Despite our substantial indebtedness level, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more indebtedness, including secured indebtedness. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.” If we cannot obtain capital when needed, we may not be able to acquire or develop properties when strategic opportunities arise or refinance our debt, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Even if we remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.

Even if we remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. For example, in order to meet the REIT qualification requirements, we may hold some of our assets or conduct certain of our activities through one or more TRSs or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to federal, state and local corporate-level income taxes as regular C corporations. In addition, we may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS if the transactions are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Further, if we fail to meet the REIT income tests as a result of receiving non-qualifying income and had reasonable cause for the failure, we would be required to pay a penalty tax to retain our REIT status. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distribution to holders of our common stock.

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate investments or forgo otherwise attractive investments or business opportunities.

To remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT for federal, state and local income tax purposes, we must ensure that, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and “real estate assets” (as defined in the Code), including certain mortgage loans and securities. The remainder of our investments (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our total assets (other than government securities, qualified real estate assets and securities issued by a TRS) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more TRSs for the taxable year ending December 31, 2025, and may not represent more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s total assets for the taxable year ending December 31, 2026, and subsequent years. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments or business opportunities. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to holders of our common stock.

In addition to the assets tests set forth above, to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT for federal, state and local income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be unable to pursue investments or business opportunities (including but not limited to certain product offerings to our customers) that would be otherwise advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source-of-income or asset-diversification requirements for qualifying to be taxed as a REIT. Accordingly, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments, hinder our ability to pursue certain business opportunities, and/or otherwise adversely affect the manner in which we operate our business.

Complying with REIT requirements may depend on our ability to contribute certain contracts to a taxable REIT subsidiary.

Our ability to satisfy certain REIT requirements may depend on us contributing certain contracts (or portions of certain contracts) to a TRS with respect to outdoor advertising assets that do not qualify as real property for purposes of the REIT asset tests. Moreover, our ability to satisfy the REIT requirements may depend on us properly allocating between us and our TRS the revenue or cost, as applicable, associated with the portion of any such contract contributed to the TRS. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not determine that such contribution was not a true contribution between us and our TRS or that we did not properly allocate the applicable revenues or costs. Were the IRS successful in such a challenge, it could adversely impact our ability to qualify to be taxed as a REIT or our effective tax rate and tax liability.

Our planned use of taxable REIT subsidiaries may cause us to fail to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT.

The net income of our TRSs is not required to be distributed to us, and income that is not distributed to us generally will not be subject to the REIT income distribution requirement. However, there may be limitations on our ability to accumulate earnings in our TRSs and the accumulation or reinvestment of significant earnings in our TRSs could result in adverse tax treatment. In particular, if the accumulation of cash in our TRSs causes the fair market value of our securities in our TRSs and certain other non-qualifying assets to exceed 20% of the fair market value of our assets for the taxable year ending December 31, 2025, and to exceed 25% of the fair market value of our assets for the taxable year ending December 31, 2026, and subsequent years, we would fail to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT for federal, state and local income tax purposes.

The ownership limitations that apply to REITs, as prescribed by the Code and by our charter, may inhibit market activity in the shares of our common stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.

In order for us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, beneficially or constructively, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code to include certain entities, at any time during the last half of each taxable year after the first year for which we elect to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year (other than the first taxable year for which we elect to be taxed as a REIT). Subject to certain exceptions, our charter authorizes our board of directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification to be taxed as a REIT. Our charter also provides that, unless exempted by the board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% in value or in number, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock or 9.8% in value of the aggregate outstanding shares of all classes and series of our stock. A person that did not acquire more than 9.8% of our outstanding stock may nonetheless become subject to our charter restrictions in certain circumstances, including if repurchases by us cause a person’s holdings to exceed such limitations. The constructive ownership rules are complex and may cause shares of stock owned directly or constructively by a group of related individuals to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for shares of our stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction that we enter into primarily to manage risk of interest rate changes or to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made or to acquire or carry real estate assets does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that apply to REITs, provided that certain identification requirements are met. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions or fail to properly identify such a transaction as a hedge, the income is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may be required to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRS may be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates that we would otherwise choose to bear. In addition, losses in our TRS will generally not provide any tax benefit, except that such losses could theoretically be carried back or forward against past or future taxable income in the TRS.

Our board of directors may revoke our REIT election at any time.

Our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election without approval of stockholders if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT, for example, because the REIT income and/or asset test requirements limit our operational flexibility to pursue investments and business opportunities that would otherwise be advantageous. If we cease to qualify as a REIT, we would become subject to federal, state and local income taxes on our

taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our net taxable income to stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on the total return to our stockholders.

The IRS may deem the gains from sales of our outdoor advertising assets to be subject to a 100% prohibited transaction tax.

From time to time, we may sell outdoor advertising assets. The IRS may deem one or more sales of our outdoor advertising assets to be “prohibited transactions” (generally, sales or other dispositions of property that is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business). If the IRS takes the position that we have engaged in a “prohibited transaction,” the gain we recognize from such sale would be subject to a 100% tax. We do not intend to hold outdoor advertising assets as inventory or for sale in the ordinary course of business; however, whether property is held as inventory or “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends on the particular facts and circumstances and there is no assurance that our position will not be challenged by the IRS especially if we make frequent sales or sales of outdoor advertising assets in which we have short holding periods.

We may establish operating partnerships as part of our REIT structure, which could result in conflicts of interests between our stockholders and holders of our operating partnership units and could limit our liquidity or flexibility.

As part of our REIT structure, we have previously established a “DownREIT” operating partnership, and we may in the future establish an “UPREIT” and/or additional “DownREIT” operating partnerships, whereby we acquire certain assets by issuing units in an operating partnership (or a subsidiary) in exchange for an asset owner contributing such assets to the partnership (or subsidiary). If we enter into such transactions, in order to induce the contributors of such assets to accept units in our operating partnerships, rather than cash, in exchange for their assets, it may be necessary for us to provide them additional incentives. For instance, the operating partnership’s limited partnership or limited liability company agreement may provide that any unitholder of the operating partnership may be entitled to receive cash or equity distributions on its units, as well as exchange units for cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. We may also enter into additional contractual arrangements with asset contributors under which we would agree to repurchase a contributor’s units for shares of our common stock or cash, at the option of the contributor, at set times.

In connection with these transactions, persons holding operating partnership units (or similar securities) may have the right to vote on certain amendments to the partnership agreements of such operating partnerships, as well as on certain other matters. Unitholders with these voting rights may be able to exercise them in a manner that conflicts with the interests of our stockholders. As the sole member of the general partner of the operating partnerships or as the managing member, we would have fiduciary duties to the unitholders of the operating partnerships that may conflict with duties that our officers and directors owe to the Company.

In addition, if a holder of operating partnership units (or similar securities) received cash distributions on its units and/or required us to repurchase the units for cash, it would limit our liquidity and thus our ability to use cash to make other investments, distributions to stockholders, debt service payments, or satisfy other obligations. Moreover, if we were required to repurchase units for cash at a time when we did not have sufficient cash to fund the repurchase, we might be required to sell one or more assets to raise funds to satisfy this obligation. Furthermore, we might agree that if distributions the holder of operating partnership units (or similar securities) received did not provide them with a defined return, then upon redemption of the units, we would pay the holder an additional amount necessary to achieve that return. Such a provision could further negatively impact our liquidity and flexibility. Finally, in order to allow a contributor of assets to defer taxable gain on the contribution of assets to our operating partnerships, we might agree not to sell a contributed asset for a defined period of time or until the contributor exchanged its operating partnership units (or similar securities) for cash or shares. Such an agreement would prevent us from selling those properties, even if market conditions made such a sale favorable to us.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

The Company maintains a comprehensive information security and cybersecurity program (the “Cybersecurity Program”) guided by established best practice and tailored to the Company’s business needs. The Cybersecurity Program is an extension of the Company’s enterprise risk management program that seeks to identify and manage risks throughout the Company by

having its Chief Financial Officer meet with members of each of the Company’s various departments annually to solicit feedback regarding risks affecting the Company, which is then reported to the audit committee of our board of directors.

Under the Cybersecurity Program, systems and networks under Company control are monitored for anomalies using various security tools (including artificial intelligence-assisted tools) that identify potential cybersecurity threats and alert the Company’s internal cybersecurity team to suspicious activity. If a potential cybersecurity incident is identified, it is investigated by the Company’s internal cybersecurity team (including the Company’s Chief Information Security Officer and Senior Director, Cybersecurity (together, the “CISO”) to assess whether a cybersecurity incident has occurred, its severity and the risk involved, in accordance with internal processes and procedures and the Company’s incident response plan. The CISO is responsible for management of these cybersecurity processes, and reports to the Company’s Chief Information Officer (the “CIO”), who reports to the Company’s Chief Technology Officer (the “CTO”). The CISO and CIO will receive input from, and coordinate with, the CTO and the Company’s Chief Privacy Officer (the “CPO”), as necessary. If a cybersecurity incident is discovered, it must be reported by the CIO and the CISO to the Company’s senior management, including the CTO, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and the Company’s General Counsel for further assessment regarding scope, mitigation, remediation and disclosure obligations, as applicable. The audit committee of our board of directors oversees the Company’s information security and cybersecurity risks, compliance and protections, and receives quarterly cybersecurity updates from the CISO and CIO (with input from the CTO and the CPO, as appropriate) and results of the Company’s incident response plan testing at least annually.

The Cybersecurity Program team members, including the CISO and the CIO, have extensive work experience in cybersecurity, information technology engineering and the media and advertising industries, with some members holding degrees in cybersecurity and professional certifications in cybersecurity. The Cybersecurity Program team members are subject to ongoing employee trainings in cybersecurity procedures.

We perform regular third-party assessments of the Cybersecurity Program, and retain specialized third-party forensics experts for escalation of certain cybersecurity incidents. In addition, we have processes, including formal security reviews and suspicious activity monitoring, to assess cybersecurity risks associated with our use of third-party service providers.

To date, we have not identified any cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. For additional information about our cybersecurity risks, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—If we experience a cybersecurity incident, we may suffer reputational harm and significant legal and financial exposure.”

Item 2. Properties.

Our principal executive offices, which we lease, are located at 90 Park Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10016. We and our subsidiaries also own and lease office and warehouse space throughout the U.S. We consider our properties adequate for our present needs, and adequately covered by insurance.

We primarily lease our outdoor advertising sites, but, in a few cases, we own or hold permanent easements on our outdoor advertising sites. These lease agreements have terms varying between one month and multiple years, with an average term of 8 years, and usually provide renewal options. Our lease agreements generally allow us to use the land for the construction, repair and relocation of outdoor advertising structures, including all rights necessary to access and maintain the site. Approximately 72% of our outdoor advertising site leases will expire or be subject to renewal in the next 5 years, 18% will expire or be subject to renewal in 6 to 10 years and 10% will expire or be subject to renewal in more than 10 years. There is no significant concentration of outdoor advertising sites under any one lease or with any one landlord. An important part of our business activity is to manage our lease portfolio and negotiate suitable lease renewals and extensions. For further information regarding our outdoor advertising sites and structures, see “Item 1. Business—Our Portfolio of Outdoor Advertising Structures and Sites” and “Item 1. Business—Renovation, Improvement and Development.”

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

On an ongoing basis, we are engaged in lawsuits and governmental proceedings and respond to various investigations, inquiries, notices and claims from national, state and local governmental and other authorities (collectively, “litigation”). Litigation is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any litigation, in our opinion, none of our current litigation is expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Table of Contents

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Shares of our common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) on March 28, 2014, under the ticker symbol “CBSO.” On November 20, 2014, in connection with our rebranding, shares of our common stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “OUT.” Prior to March 28, 2014, there was no public market for our common stock.

Holders

As of February 25, 2026, we had 146 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

To maintain REIT status, we must annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding any net capital gains. This distribution requirement may be satisfied by making distributions to our common stockholders, our preferred stockholders, if any, or a combination of our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement and qualify for taxation as a REIT but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined with the above modifications, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed net taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax if the amount that we actually distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. See “Item 1. Business—Tax Status.”

Distributions that we may make will be authorized and determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available. The availability, amount, timing and frequency of distributions will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors, and will be declared based upon various factors, including, but not limited to: our results of operations, our financial condition and our operating cash inflows and outflows, including capital expenditures and acquisitions; future taxable income; our REIT distribution requirements (which may be satisfied by making distributions to our common stockholders, our preferred stockholders, if any, or a combination of our stockholders); limitations contained in our debt instruments (such as restrictions on distributions in excess of the minimum amount required to maintain our status as a REIT and on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to the Company); debt service requirements; limitations on our ability to use cash generated in the TRSs to fund distributions; and applicable law. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” We may need to increase our borrowings in order to fund our intended distributions. We expect that our distributions may exceed our net income, due, in part, to noncash expenses included in net income (loss).

We anticipate that our distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income to our stockholders, although we may designate a portion of the distributions as qualified dividend income or capital gain dividends or a portion of the distributions may constitute a return of capital or be taxable as capital gain. We furnish annually to each of our stockholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their characterization as ordinary income dividends, return of capital, qualified dividends, income or capital gain dividends or non-dividend distributions. Approximately 90.0% of the dividends we distributed in 2025 should be considered ordinary income by our stockholders for tax purposes and approximately 10.0% should be considered a return of capital.

Performance Graph

The information in this section, including the performance graph, shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on OUTFRONT Media Inc.’s common stock to the cumulative total return of Lamar Advertising Company, Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc., the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”), the S&P 500 Media Industry Index, and the FTSE National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) All Equity REITs Index.

The performance graph assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2020, in OUTFRONT Media Inc.’s common stock, Lamar Advertising Company’s common stock, Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc.’s common stock, the S&P 500, the S&P 500 Media Industry Index, and the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index, including the reinvestment of dividends, through the calendar year ended December 31, 2025. 5412


	Dec. 31, 2020		Dec. 31, 2021		Dec. 31, 2022		Dec. 31, 2023		Dec. 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2025
OUTFRONT Media Inc.	$	100.00	$	138.21	$	90.66	$	83.42	$	117.36	$	165.90
Lamar Advertising Company	100.00		151.31		124.11		147.18		176.61		193.66
Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc.	100.00		200.61		63.64		110.30		83.03		133.94
S&P 500	100.00		128.71		105.40		133.10		166.40		196.16
S&P 500 Media Industry Index(a)	100.00		100.34		70.25		84.65		78.77		64.71
FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index	100.00		141.30		106.05		118.09		123.90		126.71

(a)As of December 31, 2025, the S&P 500 Media Industry Index consists of the following companies: Charter Communications, Inc.; Fox Corporation; News Corporation; Omnicom Group Inc; Paramount Skydance Corporation; and Trade Desk, Inc..

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Table of Contents

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are subject to a number of important factors, including, but not limited to, those factors discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and the “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results described herein or implied by such forward-looking statements. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, is included in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC“) on February 28, 2025.

Overview

On June 7, 2024, we sold all of our equity interests in Outdoor Systems Americas ULC and its subsidiaries (the “Transaction”), which held all of the assets of the Company’s outdoor advertising business in Canada (the “Canadian Business”). (See Item 8., Note 14. Acquisitions and Dispositions: Dispositions: Canadian Business to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Business

We are one of the largest providers of advertising space on out-of-home advertising structures and sites across the U.S. Our inventory consists of billboard displays primarily located on the most heavily traveled highways and roadways in top Nielsen Designated Market Areas (“DMAs”), and transit advertising displays operated under exclusive multi-year contracts with municipalities in large cities across the U.S. In total, we have displays in approximately 120 markets across the U.S., including the 25 largest markets in the U.S. Our top market, location-focused portfolio includes sites in and around New York City, Los Angeles and San Francisco, where public spaces can turn into platforms for creativity, connection and cultural relevance. The breadth and depth of our portfolio provides our customers with a range of options to address their marketing objectives by elevating brand influence and credibility through enterprise or commercial brand-building campaigns.

Economic Environment

Our revenues and operating results are sensitive to fluctuations in advertising expenditures, general economic conditions and other external events beyond our control, such as supply chain disruptions, inflationary price increases, changes in

governmental fiscal and trade policies (such as tariffs), pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), industry shutdowns or slowdowns (including due to labor strikes), extraordinary weather events (such as hurricanes and wildfires), and shifts in market demographics and transportation patterns (including reductions in foot traffic, roadway traffic, commuting, transit ridership and overall target audiences due to remote work, safety concerns or otherwise), among other things. These sensitivities may adversely impact our revenues and operating results on a consolidated basis and/or may have a disproportionate adverse impact on our Transit segment.

We rely on third parties to manufacture, transport and install our digital displays, and provide and support programmatic, direct sale and other advertising platform technologies (including artificial intelligence-assisted tools) for our digital display inventory. Historically, we have experienced delays and price increases with respect to certain of our digital displays due to external events beyond our control. If we experience delays and/or price increases in the future, it could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Historically, we have experienced inflationary increases with respect to some of our posting, maintenance and other expenses, some of our corporate expenses, and our interest expense. Our billboard property lease expenses and transit franchise expenses have been less impacted by inflation due to the long-term nature of most of our operating leases and transit franchise agreements. However, our transit franchise agreements that contain inflationary price adjustments may cause increases in our transit franchise expenses over the remaining terms of the agreements. Though the Company cannot reasonably estimate the full impact of inflationary increases on our business, financial condition and results of operations at this time, a portion of these increases may be fully or partially offset by increases in advertising rates on our displays and cost efficiencies.

On June 23, 2025, we announced a restructuring and reduction in force plan (the “Plan”) intended to achieve the Company’s strategic goals of increasing sales demand, enhancing customer experience, optimizing internal cost efficiencies, and realigning its organization. The Plan provided for a reduction of the Company’s workforce by approximately 120 employees, or 6% of the Company’s total employees as of June 23, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, all reductions have been completed. In 2025, we recorded restructuring charges of approximately $20.1 million associated with the Plan, consisting of severance payments, employee benefits and related costs (including approximately $2.2 million in non-cash charges for stock-based compensation), and professional fees. In 2025, restructuring charges of $8.4 million were recorded in Billboard, $3.7 million were recorded in Transit and $8.0 million were recorded in Corporate. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $6.6 million in restructuring reserves related to severance payments, employee benefits and related costs remained outstanding and is included in Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The Company may incur other charges or cash expenditures not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events that may occur in connection with the implementation of the Plan. (See Item 8., Note 13. Restructuring Charges to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

Business Environment

The outdoor advertising industry is fragmented, consisting of several companies operating on a national basis, as well as hundreds of smaller regional and local companies operating a limited number of displays in a single or a few local geographic markets. We compete with these companies for both customers and structure and display locations. We also compete with other media, including online, mobile and social media advertising platforms and traditional advertising platforms (such as television, radio, print and direct mail marketers). In addition, we compete with a wide variety of out-of-home media, including advertising in shopping centers, airports, movie theaters, supermarkets and taxis.

Increasing the number of digital displays in our prime audience locations is an important element of our organic growth strategy, as digital displays have the potential to attract additional business from both new and existing customers. We believe digital displays are attractive to our customers because they allow for the development of richer and more visually engaging IRL media messaging, provide our customers with the flexibility both to connect with target audiences and to quickly launch new advertising campaigns, and eliminate or greatly reduce print and installation costs. In addition, digital displays enable us to run multiple advertisements on each display. Digital billboard displays generate approximately four to five times more revenue per display on average than comparable traditional static billboard displays. Digital billboard displays also incur, on average, approximately two to four times more costs, including higher variable costs associated with the increase in revenue than comparable traditional static billboard displays. As a result, digital billboard displays generate higher profits and cash flows than comparable traditional static billboard displays.

Further, we believe the use of programmatic and direct sale advertising platform technologies in the out-of-home advertising industry will increase, which will present a revenue growth opportunity for us. Programmatic and direct sale advertising platforms allow out-of-home advertising companies to lease displays to customers at competitive rates through an online bidding process or through a direct sale process, and we have pursued, and continue to pursue, strategic opportunities to increase our participation in these platforms.

In 2025, we built or converted 103 new digital billboard displays in the U.S. and entered into marketing arrangements to sell advertising on 21 third-party digital billboard displays. In 2025, we built, converted or replaced 1,170 digital transit and other displays. The following table sets forth information regarding our digital displays.


	Digital Revenues (in millions) for the Year Ended December 31, 2025						Number of Digital Displays as of December 31, 2025(a)
Location	Digital Billboard		Digital Transit		Total Digital Revenues		Digital Billboard Displays	Digital Transit Displays	Total Digital Displays
United States	$	434.3	$	214.8	$	649.1	1,928	29,493	31,421

(a)Digital display amounts include 6,505 displays reserved for transit agency use. Our number of digital displays is impacted by acquisitions, dispositions, management agreements, the net effect of new and lost billboards, and the net effect of won and lost franchises in the period.

Our revenues and profits fluctuate due to seasonal advertising patterns and influences on advertising markets. Typically, our revenues and profits are highest in the fourth quarter, during the holiday shopping season, and lowest in the first quarter, as advertisers adjust their spending following the holiday shopping season. As described above, our revenues and profits also fluctuate due to external events beyond our control.

We have a diversified base of customers across various industries. During 2025, our largest categories of advertisers were entertainment, retail and legal services/lawyers, which represented 18%, 11%, and 10% of our total revenues from our Billboard and Transit segments, respectively. During 2024, our largest categories of advertisers were entertainment, retail and health/medical, which represented 18%, 12% and 9% of our total revenues from our Billboard and Transit segments, respectively.

Our large-scale portfolio allows our customers to reach a national audience and also provides the flexibility to tailor campaigns to specific regions or markets. In 2025, we generated approximately 44% of our total revenues from our Billboard and Transit segments from enterprise (formerly known as national) advertising campaigns, compared to approximately 43% in 2024.

Our transit businesses require us to periodically obtain and renew contracts with municipalities and other governmental entities. When these contracts expire, we generally must participate in highly competitive bidding processes in order to obtain or renew contracts.

Key Performance Indicators

Our management reviews our performance by focusing on the indicators described below.

Several of our key performance indicators are not prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We believe these non-GAAP performance indicators are meaningful supplemental measures of our operating performance and should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except percentages)	2025			2024			% Change
Revenues	$	1,831.7		$	1,830.9		—	%
Organic revenues(a)(b)	1,831.7			1,796.0			2
Operating income	293.5			425.5			(31)
Adjusted OIBDA(b)	499.3			464.8			7
Adjusted OIBDA(b) margin	27.3		%	25.4		%
Net income attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	147.0			258.2			(43)
Funds from operations (“FFO”)(b) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	333.5			303.6			10
Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”)(b) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	337.7			306.0			10

(a)Organic revenues exclude revenues associated with the impact of the Transaction (“non-organic revenues”). We provide organic revenues to understand the underlying growth rate of revenue excluding the impact of non-organic revenue items. Our management believes organic revenues are useful to users of our financial data because it enables them to better understand the level of growth of our business period to period. Since organic revenues are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, it should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, revenues as an indicator of operating performance. Organic revenues, as we calculate it, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

(b)See the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Revenues” sections of this MD&A for reconciliations of Operating income (loss) to Operating income (loss) before Depreciation, Amortization, Net (gain) loss on dispositions, Stock-based compensation, Restructuring charges and Impairment charges (“Adjusted OIBDA”) Net income (loss) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. to FFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. and AFFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc., and Revenues to organic revenues.

Analysis of Results of Operations

Revenues

We derive Revenues primarily from providing advertising space to customers on our advertising structures and sites. Our traditional contracts with customers generally cover periods ranging from four weeks to one year. Revenues from billboard displays are recognized as rental income on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Transit display revenues are recognized based on the level of units displayed in proportion to the total units to be displayed over the contract period. Billboard and Transit display revenues derived from impression-based sales contracts fulfilled on direct sales advertising platforms are recognized as revenue over the contract period based pro-rata on the number of impressions delivered in proportion to the total number of impressions to be delivered. Billboard display and Transit display revenues generated from programmatic advertising platforms are recognized as rental income as the related advertisement is displayed. Revenues generated from programmatic advertising platforms are based on agreements with the platforms, rather than direct contracts with individual advertisers. (See Item 8., Note 12. Revenues to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)




	Year Ended December 31,				% Change
(in millions, except percentages)	2025		2024
Total revenues	$	1,831.7	$	1,830.9	—	%

Organic revenues(a)	$	1,831.7	$	1,796.0	2
Non-organic revenues	—		34.9		*
Total revenues	$	1,831.7	$	1,830.9	—

*Calculation is not meaningful.

(a)Organic revenues exclude revenues associated with the impact of the Transaction (“non-organic revenues”).

Total revenues increased $0.8 million and organic revenues increased $35.7 million, or 2%, in 2025 compared to 2024. See the “Segment Results of Operations” section of this MD&A.

In 2024, non-organic revenues reflect the impact of the Transaction.

Expenses


	Year Ended December 31,				% Change
(in millions, except percentages)	2025		2024
Expenses:
Operating	$	918.5	$	949.0	(3)	%
Selling, general and administrative	441.7		447.9		(1)
Restructuring charges	20.1		—		*
Net gain on dispositions	(2.3)		(160.9)		*
Impairment charges	—		17.9		*
Depreciation	90.6		79.5		14
Amortization	69.6		72.0		(3)
Total expenses	$	1,538.2	$	1,405.4	9

*Calculation is not meaningful.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are composed of the following:

Billboard property lease expenses. These expenses reflect the cost of leasing the real property on which our billboards are mounted. These lease agreements have terms varying between one month and multiple years, and usually provide renewal options. Rental expenses are comprised of a fixed rental amount and under certain agreements, also include contingent rent, which varies based on the revenues we generate from the leased site. The fixed portion of property leases are generally paid in advance for periods ranging from one to twelve months and expensed evenly over the contract term. Contingent rent is generally paid in arrears and is expensed as incurred when the related revenues are recognized.

Transit franchise expenses. These expenses reflect costs charged by municipalities and transit operators under transit advertising contracts. All of these contracts have fixed terms, are typically terminable for convenience at the option of the governmental entity (other than with respect to the MTA), and generally provide for payments to the governmental entity based on a percentage of the revenues generated under the contract and/or a guaranteed minimum annual payment. The costs that are determined based on a percentage of revenues are expensed as incurred when the related revenues are recognized, and any guaranteed minimum annual payment is expensed over the contract term.

Posting, maintenance and other site-related expenses. These expenses primarily reflect costs associated with posting and rotation, materials, repairs and maintenance, utilities and property taxes.


	Year Ended December 31,				% Change
(in millions, except percentages)	2025		2024
Operating expenses:
Billboard property lease	$	446.6	$	482.8	(7)	%
Transit franchise	243.2		238.1		2
Posting, maintenance and other	228.7		228.1		—
Total operating expenses	$	918.5	$	949.0	(3)

Billboard property lease expenses represented 24% of total revenues in 2025 and 26% in 2024. The decrease in billboard property lease expenses as a percentage of total revenues in 2025 compared to 2024 is primarily due to lower variable billboard property lease costs driven by higher relative revenue performance in advertising markets that have lower variable billboard property lease costs and lower revenue performance in advertising markets that have higher variable billboard property lease costs (see Item 8., Note 5. Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and the impact of lost billboards.

Billboard property lease expenses decreased $36.2 million, or 7%, primarily due to lost billboards, the impact of the Transaction and lower variable billboard property lease expenses.

Transit franchise expenses represented 13% of total revenues in each of 2025 and 2024. Transit franchise expenses, as a percentage of total revenues in 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily impacted by the Transaction in 2024, partially offset by higher guaranteed minimum annual payments to the MTA due to inflation and lower Billboard revenues.

Transit franchise expenses increased $5.1 million, or 2%, primarily due to higher guaranteed minimum annual payments to the MTA due to inflation, partially offset by the impact of the Transaction.

Posting, maintenance and other expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, were 12% in each of 2025 and 2024. Posting, maintenance and other expenses increased $0.6 million in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher maintenance and utility costs, and higher production expenses, partially offset by the impact of the Transaction.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A”)

SG&A expenses represented 24% of Revenues in each of 2025 and 2024. SG&A expenses decreased $6.2 million, or 1%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to the impact of the Transaction, lower credit card usage by customers, lower rent related to new offices in the first half of 2024 and lower compensation-related expenses, including severance and salaries, partially offset by higher professional fees, as a result of a management consulting project, and higher travel and entertainment expenses. We expect to realize the cost savings benefits from the Plan within SG&A expenses. However, those cost savings may potentially be offset by increases in SG&A expenses in future periods as we continue to invest in our strategic initiatives, including technology enhancements and customer experience improvements.

Restructuring Charges

We recorded restructuring charges of $20.1 million in 2025, consisting of severance payments, employee benefits and related costs, and professional fees associated with the Plan. The restructuring charges include approximately $2.2 million in non-cash charges for stock-based compensation.

Net Gain on Dispositions

Net gain on dispositions decreased $158.6 million in 2025, compared to 2024, primarily due to the Transaction.

Impairment Charges

Depreciation

Depreciation increased $11.1 million, or 14%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher depreciation related to the change in estimated useful life of certain advertising displays.

Amortization

Amortization decreased $2.4 million, or 3%, in 2025 compared to 2024.

Interest Expense

Interest expense, net, was $146.4 million (including $5.8 million of deferred financing costs) in 2025 and $156.2 million (including $6.1 million of deferred financing costs) in 2024. The decrease in Interest expense, net, in 2025 compared to 2024, was primarily due to lower average debt balance and lower interest rates.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

In 2025, we recorded a Loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.6 million, relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs and a portion of the discount on our previously existing term loan. In 2024, we recorded a Loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.2 million relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs and a portion of the discount on our previously existing term loan, due to prepayments on our previously existing term loan.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes decreased $9.0 million, or 82%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to the impact of the Transaction. The effective income tax rate was 1.4% for 2025 and 4.1% for 2024.

Net Income

Net income before allocation to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests decreased $111.7 million, or 43%, in 2025, compared to 2024, primarily driven by a gain on disposition related to the Transaction in 2024, lower billboard revenues, and restructuring charges in 2025, partially offset by impairment charges incurred in 2024, higher transit revenues and lower interest expense.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted OIBDA

We calculate Adjusted OIBDA as operating income (loss) before depreciation, amortization, net (gain) loss on dispositions, stock-based compensation, restructuring charges and impairment charges. We calculate Adjusted OIBDA margin by dividing Adjusted OIBDA by total revenues. Adjusted OIBDA and Adjusted OIBDA margin are among the primary measures we use for managing our business, evaluating our operating performance and planning and forecasting future periods, as each is an important indicator of our operational strength and business performance. Our management believes users of our financial data are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analysis and evaluation of our operating results along the same lines that our management uses in managing, planning and executing our business strategy. Our management also believes that the presentations of Adjusted OIBDA and Adjusted OIBDA margin, as supplemental measures, are useful in evaluating our business because eliminating certain non-comparable items highlight operational trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on GAAP financial measures. It is management’s opinion that these supplemental measures provide users of our financial data with an important perspective on our operating performance and also make it easier for users of our financial data to compare our results with other companies that have different financing and capital structures or tax rates.

FFO and AFFO

When used herein, references to “FFO” and “AFFO” mean “FFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.” and “AFFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.,” respectively. We calculate FFO in accordance with the definition established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). FFO reflects net income (loss) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. adjusted to exclude gains and losses from the sale of real estate assets, impairment charges, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, amortization of direct lease acquisition costs and the same adjustments for our equity-based investments and redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests, as well as the related income tax effect of adjustments, as applicable. We calculate AFFO as FFO adjusted to include amortization of direct lease acquisition costs as such costs are generally amortized over a period ranging from four weeks to one year and therefore are incurred on a regular basis. AFFO also includes cash paid for maintenance capital expenditures since these are routine uses of cash that are necessary for our operations. In addition, AFFO excludes restructuring charges and losses on extinguishment of debt, as well as certain non-cash items, including non-real estate depreciation and amortization, impairment charges on non-real estate assets, stock-based compensation expense, accretion expense, the non-cash effect of straight-line rent, amortization of deferred financing costs and the same adjustments for our redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests, along with the non-cash portion of income taxes, and the related income tax effect of adjustments, as applicable. We use FFO and AFFO measures for managing our business and for planning and forecasting future periods, and each is an important indicator of our operational strength and business performance, especially compared to other REITs. Our management believes users of our financial data are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analysis and evaluation of our operating results along the same lines that our management uses in managing, planning and executing our business strategy. Our management also believes that the presentations of FFO and AFFO, as supplemental measures, are useful in evaluating our business because adjusting results to reflect items that have more bearing on the operating performance of REITs highlight trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on GAAP financial measures. It is management’s opinion that these supplemental measures provide users of our financial data with an important perspective on our operating performance and also make it easier to compare our results to other companies in our industry, as well as to REITs.

Since Adjusted OIBDA, Adjusted OIBDA margin, FFO and AFFO are not measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc., and revenues, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as indicators of operating

performance. These measures, as we calculate them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. In addition, these measures do not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and are not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs.

The following table reconciles Operating income to Adjusted OIBDA, and Net income attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. to FFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. and AFFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Starting at the end of 2025, we modified our calculation of AFFO to include amortization of direct lease acquisition costs instead of the cash paid for direct lease acquisition costs, as management believes that this calculation of AFFO is a more appropriate measure of performance period-over-period and consistent with how we calculate FFO. Accordingly, relevant prior periods have been recast to conform to this presentation.


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2025			2024
Total revenues	$	1,831.7		$	1,830.9

Operating income	$	293.5		$	425.5
Restructuring charges(a)	20.1			—
Net gain on dispositions	(2.3)			(160.9)
Impairment charges	—			17.9
Depreciation	90.6			79.5
Amortization	69.6			72.0
Stock-based compensation	27.8			30.8
Adjusted OIBDA	$	499.3		$	464.8
Adjusted OIBDA margin	27.3		%	25.4		%

Net income attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	$	147.0		$	258.2
Depreciation of billboard advertising structures	72.8			59.5
Amortization of real estate-related intangible assets	60.2			65.5
Amortization of direct lease acquisition costs(b)	56.1			58.4
Net (gain) loss on disposition of real estate assets	(2.3)			(160.9)
Impairment charges(c)	—			13.1

Adjustment related to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests	(0.3)			(0.3)
Income tax effect of adjustments(d)	—			10.1
FFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	333.5			303.6
Non-cash portion of income taxes	(0.2)			(0.5)
Cash paid for direct lease acquisition costs(b)	(56.1)			(58.4)
Maintenance capital expenditures	(30.6)			(21.7)
Restructuring charges(a)	20.1			—
Other depreciation	17.8			20.0
Other amortization	9.4			6.5
Impairment charges on non-real estate assets(c)	—			4.8
Stock-based compensation	27.8			30.8
Non-cash effect of straight-line rent	7.7			10.7
Accretion expense	2.8			2.9
Amortization of deferred financing costs	5.8			6.1
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0.6			1.2
Adjustment related to non-controlling interests	(0.1)			—
Income tax effect of adjustments(d)	(0.8)			—
AFFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	$	337.7		$	306.0

(a)In 2025, Restructuring charges associated with the Plan consists of severance payments, employee benefits and related costs, and professional fees, and includes approximately $2.2 million in non-cash charges for stock-based compensation.

(b)Variable commissions directly associated with billboard revenues.

(c)Primarily Impairment charges related to our Transit reporting unit and MTA asset group (see Item 8., Note 4. Long-Lived Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

(d)Income tax effect related to Restructuring charges in 2025 and Net gain on disposition of real estate assets in 2024.

FFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. in 2025 of $333.5 million increased $29.9 million, or 10%, compared to 2024, primarily due to higher Adjusted OIBDA and lower interest expense, partially offset by restructuring charges in 2025 and impairment charges in 2024. AFFO attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc. in 2025 of $337.7 million increased $31.7 million, or 10%, compared to 2024, primarily due to higher Adjusted OIBDA and lower interest expense, partially offset by higher maintenance capital expenditures.

Segment Results of Operations

We present Adjusted OIBDA as the primary measure of profit and loss for our reportable segments. (See the “Key Performance Indicators” section of this MD&A and Item 8., Note 20. Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

The following table presents our Revenues, Adjusted OIBDA and Operating income by segment in 2025 and 2024.


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Revenues:
Billboard	$	1,391.4	$	1,409.3
Transit	431.2		383.8
Other	9.1		37.8
Total revenues	$	1,831.7	$	1,830.9

Operating income	$	293.5	$	425.5
Restructuring charges(a)	20.1		—
Net gain on dispositions	(2.3)		(160.9)
Impairment charges	—		17.9
Depreciation	90.6		79.5
Amortization	69.6		72.0
Stock-based compensation(b)	27.8		30.8
Total Adjusted OIBDA	$	499.3	$	464.8

Adjusted OIBDA:
Billboard	$	528.9	$	520.5
Transit	43.1		8.3
Other	1.8		2.8
Corporate	(74.5)		(66.8)
Total Adjusted OIBDA	$	499.3	$	464.8

Operating income (loss):
Billboard	$	374.6	$	385.9
Transit	27.4		(20.7)
Other	1.8		157.9
Corporate	(110.3)		(97.6)
Total operating income (loss)	$	293.5	$	425.5

(b)Stock-based compensation is classified as Corporate expense.

Billboard


	Year Ended December 31,						% Change
(in millions, except percentages)	2025			2024
Operating income	$	374.6		$	385.9		(3)	%
Restructuring charges	8.4			—			*
Net (gain) loss on dispositions	1.8			(5.9)			*
Depreciation	81.4			72.5			12
Amortization	62.7			68.0			(8)
Adjusted OIBDA	$	528.9		$	520.5		2

Revenues	$	1,391.4		$	1,409.3		(1)
Operating expenses:
Billboard property lease	(446.6)			(472.3)			(5)
Posting, maintenance and other	(149.3)			(148.4)			1
Total operating expenses	(595.9)			(620.7)			(4)
SG&A expenses	(266.6)			(268.1)			(1)
Adjusted OIBDA	$	528.9		$	520.5		2
Adjusted OIBDA margin	38.0		%	36.9		%

New York metropolitan area revenues as a percentage of Billboard segment revenues	8		%	9		%
Los Angeles metropolitan area revenues as a percentage of Billboard segment revenues	14		%	15		%

* Calculation is not meaningful.

Billboard segment revenues decreased $17.9 million, or 1%, in 2025 compared to 2024, reflecting the impact of lost billboards in the period, partially offset by an increase in average revenue per display (yield), including the impact of programmatic platforms on digital billboard revenues and higher proceeds from condemnations. We expect lost billboards to continue to adversely impact Billboard segment revenue performance in the first half of 2026, particularly in the Los Angeles metropolitan areas. We generated approximately 39% in 2025 and 40% in 2024 of our Billboard segment revenues from enterprise (formerly known as national) advertising campaigns.

Billboard segment property lease expenses represented 32% of Billboard segment revenues in 2025 and 34% in 2024. Billboard segment property lease expenses decreased $25.7 million, or 5%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by the impact of lost billboards and lower variable billboard property lease costs. Billboard segment posting maintenance and other expenses increased $0.9 million, or 1%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by higher maintenance and utilities, and higher site-related costs, partially offset by higher compensation-related expenses.

SG&A expenses in the Billboard segment decreased $1.5 million, or 1%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by lower credit card usage by customers and lower compensation-related expenses, partially offset by higher professional fees and higher travel and entertainment expenses.

Billboard segment Adjusted OIBDA increased $8.4 million, or 2%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to larger decrease in Billboard segment operating expenses compared to a smaller decrease in Billboard segment revenues. Billboard segment Adjusted OIBDA margin was 38.0% in 2025 and 36.9% in 2024.

Transit


	Year Ended December 31,						% Change
(in millions, except percentages)	2025			2024
Operating income (loss)	$	27.4		$	(20.7)		*
Restructuring charges	3.7			—			*
Net (gain) loss on dispositions	(4.1)			0.1			*
Impairment charges	—			17.9			*
Depreciation	9.2			7.0			31	%
Amortization	6.9			4.0			73
Adjusted OIBDA	$	43.1		$	8.3		*

Revenues	$	431.2		$	383.8		12
Operating expenses:
Transit franchise	(243.2)			(236.3)			3
Posting, maintenance and other	(72.2)			(68.2)			6
Total operating expenses	(315.4)			(304.5)			4
SG&A expenses	(72.7)			(71.0)			2
Adjusted OIBDA	$	43.1		$	8.3		*
Adjusted OIBDA margin	10.0		%	2.2		%

New York metropolitan area revenues as a percentage of Transit segment revenues	61		%	57		%
Los Angeles metropolitan area revenues as a percentage of Transit segment revenues	7		%	8		%

* Calculation is not meaningful.

Transit segment revenues increased $47.4 million, or 12%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to an increase in average revenue per display (yield), partially offset by the impact of new and lost transit franchise contracts. We generated approximately 57% in 2025 and 56% in 2024 of our Transit segment revenues from enterprise (formerly known as national) advertising campaigns.

Transit segment franchise expenses represented 56% of Transit segment revenues in 2025 and 62% in 2024. Transit segment franchise expenses increased $6.9 million, or 3%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by higher guaranteed minimum annual payments to the MTA due to inflation. Transit segment posting, maintenance and other expenses increased $4.0 million, or 6%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by higher maintenance and utility costs, higher production costs and higher site-related costs.

SG&A expenses in the Transit segment increased $1.7 million, or 2%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by higher travel and entertainment expenses and higher compensation-related expenses, partially offset by lower credit card usage by customers.

We recorded impairment charges of $17.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily related to impairment charges with respect to our MTA asset group and our historical Transit reporting unit (see Item 8., Note 4. Long-Lived Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Transit segment Adjusted OIBDA increased $34.8 million in 2025 compared to 2024. The increase in Transit segment Adjusted OIBDA was primarily due to a larger increase in Transit segment revenues compared to a smaller increase in Transit segment operating expenses.

Other


	Year Ended December 31,						% Change
(in millions, except percentages)	2025			2024
Operating income	$	1.8		$	157.9		*
Net gain on dispositions	—			(155.1)			*
Adjusted OIBDA	$	1.8		$	2.8		(36)	%

Revenues	$	9.1		$	37.8		(76)

Organic revenues(a)	$	9.1		$	2.9		*
Non-organic revenues	—			34.9			*
Total revenues	9.1			37.8			(76)
Operating expenses:
Billboard property lease	—			(10.5)			*
Transit franchise	—			(1.8)			*
Posting, maintenance and other	(7.2)			(11.5)			(37)
Total operating expenses	(7.2)			(23.8)			(70)
SG&A expenses	(0.1)			(11.2)			(99)
Adjusted OIBDA	$	1.8		$	2.8		(36)
Adjusted OIBDA margin	19.8		%	7.4		%

* Calculation is not meaningful.

(a)Organic revenues exclude the impact of the Transaction (“non-organic revenues”).

Total Other revenues decreased $28.7 million, or 76%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by the impact of the Transaction, partially offset by an increase in third-party digital equipment sales.

In 2024, non-organic revenues reflect the impact of the Transaction.

Organic Other revenues increased $6.2 million in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by an increase in third-party digital equipment sales.

Other operating expenses decreased $16.6 million, or 70%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by the impact of the Transaction, partially offset by higher costs related to third-party digital equipment sales. Other SG&A expenses decreased $11.1 million, or 99%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily driven by the impact of the Transaction.

Other Adjusted OIBDA decreased $1.0 million, or 36%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to the impact of the Transaction, partially offset by an increase in third-party digital equipment sales.

Corporate

Corporate expenses primarily include expenses associated with employees who provide centralized services. Corporate expenses, excluding restructuring charges and stock-based compensation, were $74.5 million in 2025 and $66.8 million in 2024. Corporate expenses increased $7.7 million, or 12%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to higher professional fees, including fees related to a management consulting project, higher compensation-related expenses, including severance, and the impact of market fluctuations on an unfunded equity-linked retirement plan offered by the Company to certain employees.

Liquidity and Capital Resources


	As of December 31,				%
(in millions, except percentages)	2025		2024		Change
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99.9	$	46.9	113	%
Receivables, less allowances of $23.2 in 2025 and $20.6 in 2024	365.7		305.3		20
Prepaid lease and transit franchise costs	5.1		4.0		28

Other prepaid expenses	21.9		17.8		23
Other current assets	11.1		11.8		(6)
Total current assets	503.7		385.8		31
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	50.2		51.4		(2)
Accrued compensation	72.3		56.7		28
Accrued interest	35.1		34.5		2
Accrued lease and franchise costs	72.2		82.8		(13)
Other accrued expenses	55.5		54.3		2
Deferred revenues	57.7		42.8		35
Short-term debt	—		10.0		*
Short-term operating lease liabilities	172.9		168.7		2
Other current liabilities	29.4		19.6		50
Total current liabilities	545.3		520.8		5
Working capital	$	(41.6)	$	(135.0)	(69)

*Calculation is not meaningful.

We continually project anticipated cash requirements for our operating, investing and financing needs as well as cash flows generated from operating activities available to meet these needs. Due to seasonal advertising patterns and influences on advertising markets, our revenues and operating income are typically highest in the fourth quarter, during the holiday shopping season, and lowest in the first quarter, as advertisers adjust their spending following the holiday shopping season. Further, certain of our municipal transit contracts require guaranteed minimum annual payments to be paid on a monthly or quarterly basis, as applicable.

Our short-term cash requirements primarily include payments for operating leases, guaranteed minimum annual payments, interest, capital expenditures, equipment deployment costs and dividends. Funding for short-term cash needs will come primarily from our cash on hand, operating cash flows, our ability to issue debt and equity securities, and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below), the AR Facility (as defined below) or other credit facilities that we may establish, to the extent available.

In addition, as part of our growth strategy, we frequently evaluate strategic opportunities to acquire or divest businesses, assets or digital technology, directly or in connection with joint ventures (including buy/sell arrangements with joint venture partners) or in connection with other strategic transactions. Consistent with this strategy, we regularly evaluate potential acquisitions, ranging from small transactions to larger acquisitions, which transactions and transaction-related expenses will be funded through cash on hand, additional borrowings, equity or other securities, or some combination thereof.

Our long-term cash needs include principal payments on outstanding indebtedness and commitments related to operating leases and franchise and other agreements, including any related guaranteed minimum annual payments, and equipment deployment costs. Funding for long-term cash needs will come from our cash on hand, operating cash flows, our ability to issue debt and equity securities, and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility or other credit facilities that we may establish, to the extent available.

Although we have taken several actions to date to enhance our financial flexibility and increase our liquidity, our short-term and long-term cash needs and related funding capability may be adversely affected if cash on hand and operating cash flows decrease in 2026, and our ability to issue debt and equity securities and/or borrow under our existing or new credit facilities on reasonable pricing terms, or at all, may become uncertain. (See the “Overview” section of this MD&A.)

Working capital was a deficit of $41.6 million as of December 31, 2025, compared to a deficit of $135.0 million as of December 31, 2024, primarily driven by a higher cash balance, decreased borrowings under the AR Facility, due to the impact of the Refinancing (as defined below), and lower accounts payable, partially offset by higher short-term operating lease liabilities and restructuring reserves.

Under our current agreement with the MTA (as amended, the “MTA Agreement”):

•Deployments. We must deploy, over a number of years, (i) 5,433 digital advertising screens on subway and train platforms and entrances, (ii) 15,896 smaller-format digital advertising screens on rolling stock, and (iii) 9,283 MTA communications displays, which amounts are subject to the MTA’s ability to fulfill its pre-installation obligations under the MTA Agreement. We are also obligated to deploy certain additional digital advertising screens and MTA communications displays in subway and train stations and rolling stock that the MTA may build or acquire in the future (collectively, the “New Inventory”).

•Recoupment of Equipment Deployment Costs. We may retain incremental revenues that exceed an annual base revenue amount for the cost of deploying advertising and communications displays throughout the transit system. Recoupable MTA equipment deployment costs are recorded as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs and Intangible assets on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, and as these costs are recouped from incremental revenues that the MTA would otherwise be entitled to receive, Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs will be reduced. If incremental revenues generated over the term of the agreement are not sufficient to cover all or a portion of the equipment deployment costs, the costs will not be recouped, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including impairment charges (see Item 8., Note 4. Long-Lived Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements). If we do not recoup all costs of deploying advertising and communications screens with respect to the New Inventory by the end of the term of the MTA Agreement, the MTA will be obligated to reimburse us for these costs. Deployment costs in an amount not to exceed $50.7 million, which were deemed authorized before December 31, 2020, were paid directly by the MTA. All other deployment costs are subject to recoupment in accordance with the MTA Agreement. We did not recoup any equipment deployment costs in 2025. In addition, we currently do not expect to recoup any equipment deployment costs in 2026. However, we do expect to recoup some equipment deployment costs throughout the remainder of the Amended Term (as defined below) of the MTA Agreement. We expect our MTA equipment deployment costs to be approximately $35.0 million in 2026 and approximately $30.0 million to $40.0 million annually throughout the remainder of the Amended Term (as defined below) of the MTA Agreement. These equipment deployment costs primarily encompass maintenance costs (including equipment replacement costs) for existing MTA display locations.

•Payments. We must pay to the MTA the greater of a percentage of revenues or a guaranteed minimum annual payment. Any guaranteed minimum annual payment amounts that would have been paid for the period from April 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020 (less any revenue share amounts actually paid during this period using an increased revenue share percentage of 65%) will instead be added in equal increments to the guaranteed minimum annual payment amounts owed for the period from January 1, 2022, through December 31, 2026. The MTA Agreement also provides that if prior to April 1, 2028 the balance of unrecovered costs of deploying advertising and communications screens throughout the transit system is equal to or less than zero, then in any year following the year in which such recoupment occurs (the “Recoupment Year”), the MTA is entitled to receive an additional payment equal to 2.5% of the annual base revenue amount for such year calculated in accordance with the MTA Agreement, provided that gross revenues in such year (i) were at least equal to the gross revenues generated in the Recoupment Year, and (ii) did not decline by more than 5% from the prior year.

•Term. In July 2021, we extended the initial 10-year term of the MTA Agreement to a 13-year base term (the “Amended Term”). We have the option to extend the Amended Term for an additional five-year period at the end of the Amended Term, subject to satisfying certain quantitative and qualitative conditions.

We may utilize cash on hand and/or incremental third-party financing to fund costs under the MTA Agreement over the next couple of years. However, we cannot reasonably estimate the aggregate financing amount, if any, at this time. As of December 31, 2025, we have issued surety bonds in favor of the MTA totaling approximately $72.3 million, which amount is subject to change as equipment installations are completed and revenues are generated. We incurred $20.1 million related to MTA equipment deployment costs in 2025 for a total of $629.0 million to date, of which $33.9 million had been recouped from incremental revenues to date. As of December 31, 2025, we had Intangible assets related to franchise agreements balance related to the MTA Agreement of $27.4 million. As of December 31, 2025, 27,354 digital displays had been installed, composed of 5,023 digital advertising screens on subway and train platforms and entrances, 15,904 smaller-format digital advertising screens on rolling stock and 6,427 MTA communications displays. In the fourth quarter of 2025, 13 installations

occurred, for a total of 1,109 installations occurring in 2025. We substantially completed our initial deployment in 2024, with the remaining deployment required under the MTA Agreement subject to satisfaction of various conditions and work to be performed by the MTA. We are currently only performing maintenance operations, and replacing damaged and broken displays.

If our MTA performance continues to be in line with, or better than, our current model, we would not expect to incur additional impairment charges on our MTA equipment deployment cost spending and/or would expect to recoup a portion of deployment cost spending. There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease our cash flows, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future and/or the failure to recoup any deployment cost spending.

On February 25, 2026, we announced that our board of directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.30 per share on our common stock, payable on March 31, 2026, to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 6, 2026.

Debt

Debt, net, consists of the following:


	As of December 31,
(in millions, except percentages)	2025			2024
Short-term debt:
AR Facility	$	—		$	10.0

Total short-term debt	—			10.0

Long-term debt:

Term loan	$	499.3		$	399.5

Senior secured notes:
7.375% senior secured notes, due 2031	450.0			450.0

Senior unsecured notes:
5.000% senior unsecured notes, due 2027	650.0			650.0
4.250% senior unsecured notes, due 2029	500.0			500.0
4.625% senior unsecured notes, due 2030	500.0			500.0
Total senior unsecured notes	1,650.0			1,650.0

Debt issuance costs	(15.9)			(17.0)
Total long-term debt, net	2,583.4			2,482.5

Total debt, net	$	2,583.4		$	2,492.5

Weighted average cost of debt	5.3		%	5.4		%


	Payments Due by Period
(in millions)	Total		2026		2027-2028		2029-2030		2031 and thereafter
Long-term debt	$	2,600.0	$	—	$	650.0	$	1,000.0	$	950.0
Interest	526.9		141.7		210.7		134.8		$	39.7
Total	$	3,126.9	$	141.7	$	860.7	$	1,134.8	$	989.7

On September 24, 2025, the Company, along with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Outfront Media Capital LLC and Outfront Media Capital Corporation (together, the “Borrowers”), and other guarantor subsidiaries party thereto (together with the Company, the “Guarantors”), entered into a credit agreement, dated as of September 24, 2025 (the “Credit Agreement”) to refinance the Company’s previously existing senior secured credit facilities (the “Refinancing”). The Credit Agreement provides for, among other things, (i) a $500.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with a maturity date of September 24, 2030, and (ii) a $500.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan,” together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Senior Credit Facilities”) with a maturity date of September 24, 2032. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan bear interest at a rate equal to SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75% for SOFR borrowings (or 1.00% less for Base Rate borrowings) of the Revolving Credit Facility and from 1.75% to 2.00% for SOFR borrowings (or 1.00% less for Base Rate borrowings) of the Term Loan, subject to adjustments based on the Company’s Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or the Company’s credit ratings, respectively. The Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan are senior secured obligations of the Borrowers, are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by the Guarantors, and are secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers and the Guarantors.

In 2025, we recorded a Loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.6 million on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs and a portion of the discount on our previously existing term loan. In 2024, we recorded a Loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.2 million on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, relating to the write-off of deferred financing costs and a portion of the discount on our previously existing term loan.

Term Loan

The interest rate on the Term Loan was 5.7% per annum as of December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, a discount of $0.7 million on the Term Loan remains unamortized. The discount is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Revolving Credit Facility

As of December 31, 2025, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility.

The commitment fee based on the amount of unused commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility was $1.9 million in 2025 and $2.0 million in 2024. As of December 31, 2025, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $5.1 million against the letter of credit facility sublimit under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Standalone Letter of Credit Facilities

As of December 31, 2025, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $67.2 million under our aggregate $81.0 million standalone letter of credit facilities. The total fees under the letter of credit facilities in 2025 and 2024 were immaterial.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Facilities

As of December 31, 2025, we have a $150.0 million revolving accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Facility”), which terminates in June 2027, unless further extended.

In connection with the AR Facility, Outfront Media LLC and Outfront Media Outernet Inc., each a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and certain of the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) (the “Originators”), will sell and/or contribute their respective existing and future accounts receivable and certain related assets to either Outfront Media Receivables LLC, a special purpose vehicle and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company relating to the Company’s qualified REIT subsidiary accounts receivable assets (the “QRS SPV”) or Outfront Media Receivables TRS, LLC a special purpose vehicle and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company relating to the Company’s TRS accounts receivable assets (the “TRS SPV” and together with

the QRS SPV, the “SPVs”). The SPVs may transfer undivided interests in their respective accounts receivable assets to certain purchasers from time to time (the “Purchasers”). The SPVs are separate legal entities with their own separate creditors who will be entitled to access the SPVs’ assets before the assets become available to the Company. Accordingly, the SPVs’ assets are not available to pay creditors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, although collections from the receivables in excess of amounts required to repay the Purchasers and other creditors of the SPVs may be remitted to the Company. Outfront Media LLC will service the accounts receivables on behalf of the SPVs for a fee. The Company has agreed to guarantee the performance of the Originators and Outfront Media LLC, in its capacity as servicer, of their respective obligations under the agreements governing the AR Facility. Neither the Company, the Originators nor the SPVs guarantee the collectability of the receivables under the AR Facility. Further, the TRS SPV and the QRS SPV are jointly and severally liable for their respective obligations under the agreements governing the AR Facility.

As of December 31, 2025, there were no outstanding borrowings under the AR Facility. As of December 31, 2025, borrowing capacity remaining under the AR Facility was $150.0 million based on approximately $412.6 million of accounts receivable that could be used as collateral for the AR Facility in accordance with the agreements governing the AR Facility. The commitment fee based on the amount of unused commitments under the AR Facility was $0.3 million in 2025 and $0.3 million in 2024.

Debt Covenants

The Credit Agreement governing the Senior Credit Facilities, the agreements governing the AR Facility, and the indentures governing our senior notes contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, subject to certain exceptions, including but not limited to those that restrict the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ abilities to (i) pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect to the Company’s or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Outfront Media Capital LLC’s, capital stock or make other restricted payments other than dividends or distributions necessary for us to maintain our REIT status and/or avoid incurring taxes, subject to certain conditions and exceptions, (ii) enter into agreements restricting certain subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany or third-party transfers, and (iii) incur additional indebtedness or grant additional liens. One of the exceptions to the restriction on our ability to incur additional indebtedness is satisfaction of a Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of our consolidated total debt to our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the trailing four consecutive quarters, of no greater than 6.5 to 1.0. As of December 31, 2025, our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio was 4.7 to 1.0, in accordance with the Credit Agreement.

The terms of the Credit Agreement (and under certain circumstances, the agreements governing the AR Facility) require that we maintain a Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of (i) our consolidated secured debt (less unrestricted cash) to (ii) our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the trailing four consecutive quarters, of no greater than 4.5 to 1.0 (subject to potential acquisition-related adjustments). As of December 31, 2025, our Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio was 1.5 to 1.0 in accordance with the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, we are in compliance with our debt covenants.

Deferred Financing Costs

As of December 31, 2025, we had deferred $20.4 million in fees and expenses associated with the Term Loan, the Revolving Credit Facility, the AR Facility and our senior notes. We are amortizing the deferred fees through Interest expense, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations over the respective terms of the Term Loan, Revolving Credit Facility, AR Facility and our senior notes.

Equity

At-the-Market Equity Offering Program

We have a sales agreement in connection with an “at-the-market” equity offering program (the “ATM Program”), under which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $300.0 million. We have no obligation to sell any of our common stock under the sales agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the sales agreement. In 2025, no shares of our common stock were sold under the ATM Program. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $232.5 million of capacity remaining under the ATM Program.

Reverse Stock Split

On January 17, 2025, we effectuated a 1-for-1.024549 reverse stock split on our common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”). All shares of the Company’s common stock and per-share data included in the Consolidated Financial Statements have been retroactively adjusted as though the Reverse Stock Split has been effected prior to all periods presented.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows in 2025 and 2024.


	Year Ended December 31,				%
(in millions, except percentages)	2025		2024		Change
Net cash flow provided by operating activities	$	307.6	$	299.2	3	%
Net cash flow provided by (used for) investing activities	(113.7)		207.5		*
Net cash flow used for financing activities	(140.9)		(495.4)		(72)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	—		(0.4)		*
Net increase to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	53.0	$	10.9	*

*Calculation is not meaningful.

Cash provided by operating activities increased $8.4 million, or 3%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to a higher net income, as adjusted for non-cash items, partially offset by the timing of receivables.

Cash used by investing activities was $113.7 million in 2025 compared to Cash provided by investing activities of $207.5 million in 2024, primarily due to MTA franchise rights in 2025 and cash received from the Transaction in 2024.

The following table presents our capital expenditures in 2025 and 2024.


	Year Ended December 31,				%
(in millions, except percentages)	2025		2024			Change
Growth	$	58.2	$	56.4		3	%
Maintenance	30.6		21.7			41
Total capital expenditures	$	88.8	$	78.1		14

Capital expenditures increased $10.7 million, or 14%, in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to increased growth in digital displays, increased maintenance spending for billboard display upgrades and the renovation of certain office facilities, partially offset by the impact of the Transaction.

For the full year of 2026, we expect our capital expenditures to be approximately $90.0 million, which will be used primarily for new and replacement digital displays, safety-related projects, software and technology, the renovation of certain office facilities and maintenance. This estimate does not include equipment deployment costs that will be incurred in connection with the MTA Agreement (as described above).

Cash used for financing activities decreased by $354.5 million, or 72%, in 2025 compared to 2024. In 2025, we paid total cash dividends of $210.3 million on our common stock, the Series A Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) and vested restricted share units granted to employees, made net borrowings of $99.4 million under the Term Loan in connection with the Refinancing, and made net repayments on the AR Facility of $10.0 million. In 2024, we prepaid $200.0 million on the outstanding balance of the Term Loan, made net repayments on the AR Facility of $55.0 million and paid total cash dividends of $208.4 million on our common stock, the Series A Preferred Stock and vested restricted share units granted to employees, and paid $23.9 million related to the exercise of a buy/sell arrangement by one of our joint venture partners resulting in our purchase of the outstanding noncontrolling interest in a consolidated subsidiary.

Cash paid for income taxes was $2.2 million in 2025 and $11.5 million in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to income tax payments related to the Transaction in 2024.

Contractual Obligations

We have agreements with municipalities and transit operators which entitle us to operate advertising displays within their transit systems, including on the interior and exterior of rail and subway cars and buses, as well as on benches, transit shelters, street kiosks, and transit platforms. Under most of these franchise agreements, the franchisor is entitled to receive the greater of a percentage of the relevant revenues, net of agency fees, or a specified guaranteed minimum annual payment. Guaranteed minimum annual payments are generally paid monthly. (See Item 8., Note 19. Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

Total future minimum payments for rental payments under operating leases for billboard sites, office space and equipment of $2,247.2 million include $2,116.9 million for our billboard sites. (See Item 8., Note 5. Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

As of December 31, 2025, we had long-term debt of approximately $2.6 billion. Interest on the Term Loan is variable. For illustrative purposes, we are assuming an interest rate of 5.7% for all years, which reflects the interest rate as of December 31, 2025. An increase or decrease of 1/4% in the interest rate will change the annual interest expense by $1.3 million. (See Item 8., Note 8. Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Our off-balance sheet commitments primarily consist of guaranteed minimum annual payments and letters of credit. (See Item 8., Note 19. Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about our off-balance sheet commitments.)

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, which are based on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions.

We consider the following accounting policies to be the most critical as they are significant to our financial condition and results of operations, and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, see Item 8., Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

MTA Agreement

Under the current MTA Agreement, which is subject to modification as agreed-upon by us and the MTA, we are obligated to deploy, over a number of years, (i) 5,433 digital advertising screens on subway and train platforms and entrances, (ii) 15,896 smaller-format digital advertising screens on rolling stock, and (iii) 9,283 MTA communications displays, which amounts are subject to the MTA’s ability to fulfill its pre-installation obligations under the MTA Agreement. In addition, we are entitled to generate revenue through the sale of advertising on transit advertising displays and incur transit franchise expenses, which are calculated based on contractually stipulated percentages of revenue generated under the contract, subject to a minimum guarantee.

Title to the various digital displays transfers to the MTA on installation, therefore the cost of deploying these screens throughout the transit system does not represent our property and equipment. The portion of recoupable MTA equipment deployment costs expected to be reimbursed from transit franchise fees that would otherwise be payable to the MTA are recorded as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and charged to operating expenses as advertising revenue is generated. The short-term portion of Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs represents the costs that we expect to recover from the MTA in the next twelve months. The portion of deployment costs expected to be reimbursed from advertising revenues that would otherwise be retained by us under the contract are recorded as Intangible assets on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and charged to amortization expense on a straight-line basis over the contract period. We assess the recoverability of the MTA contract on an as-needed basis and apply significant judgment in assessing factors to determine if there is an indication that the revenues expected to be generated over the term of

the agreement will be sufficient to cover all or a portion of the equipment deployment costs, including evaluating macroeconomic conditions, product demand, industry trends, and events specific to the Company, including monitoring the Company’s actual installation of digital displays against the deployment schedule. Additionally, we assess these factors by comparing revenue projections of the deployed digital displays to actual financial results.

If we do not generate sufficient advertising revenues from the MTA contract, there is a risk that the related Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs and Intangible assets may not be recoverable. Management assesses the prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs for recoverability on a quarterly basis. This assessment requires evaluating qualitative and quantitative factors to determine if there is an indication that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Management applies significant judgment in assessing these factors, including evaluating macroeconomic conditions, product demand, industry trends, and events specific to the Company, including monitoring the Company’s actual installation of digital displays against the initial deployment schedule.

Additionally, management assesses quantitative factors by comparing revenue projections of the deployed digital displays to actual financial results. In 2023, it was determined that our MTA transit revenue recovery had stalled since our MTA transit revenue did not meet our revenue expectations, and as of June 30, 2023, our revenue pacing and outlook for the remainder of 2023 reflected a continued decline in MTA transit revenues as compared to our 2023 forecast due to the underperformance across the MTA transit system. Accordingly, in the second quarter of 2023, we updated our revenue projections, resulting in the expectation that we did not expect to recoup any Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs throughout the remainder of the Amended Term of the MTA Agreement. As a result, in the second quarter of 2023, we reclassified $385.0 million of Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs to Intangible Assets. We then reviewed our MTA long-lived asset group to determine if there was a triggering event for impairment, noting that we were then projecting negative aggregate undiscounted cash flows through the remainder of the Amended Term of the MTA Agreement. Consequently, in the second quarter of 2023, we recorded an impairment charge of $443.1 million, representing all of our MTA long-lived asset group.

Since that time, all future deployment costs spending has been recorded as Intangible assets rather than as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs.

We assess these equipment deployment costs for impairment each period based on the assumptions and estimates described in this section and/or other factors that may arise. As a result of our expectation of negative aggregate undiscounted cash flows related to the MTA in 2023, we recorded additional impairment charges of $12.1 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $11.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, for a total impairment charge related to the MTA asset group of $466.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. As a result of negative aggregate undiscounted cash flow forecasts related to our MTA asset group, we performed quarterly impairment analyses on the MTA asset group during 2024 and recorded impairment charges of $9.1 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $8.8 million in the second quarter of 2024, for a total of $17.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2024. Our analysis performed as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2024, resulted in positive aggregate cash flows in excess of the carrying value of our MTA asset group. As such, no impairment charges were recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and three months ended December 31, 2024. The total impairment charge recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $17.9 million.

MTA revenue performance in 2025 has exceeded our prior expectations. As a result of the revenue performance and costs remaining in line with our prior expectations, we did not identify triggering events in 2025 related to the impairment of the MTA asset group and no quantitative tests were performed and no impairment charges were recorded.

We updated our MTA projections at year end due to the strong performance during 2025. As a result of the increase in revenue driven by 2025 performance, we currently expect to recoup a portion of spending from transit franchise fees that would otherwise be payable to the MTA within the remainder of the Amended Term of the MTA Agreement. As such, beginning in 2026, the portion of recoupable MTA equipment deployment costs expected to be reimbursed from transit franchise fees that would otherwise be payable to the MTA will be recorded as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Our current assumption related to annual revenue growth is between 5% and 10% throughout the remainder of the Amended Term of the MTA Agreement.

We currently estimate we will spend between $30.0 million to $40.0 million annually on equipment deployment costs throughout the remainder of the Amended Term of the MTA Agreement.

There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease our cash flows, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future and/or the failure to recoup any deployment cost spending.

Goodwill

We test goodwill qualitatively and/or quantitatively at the reporting-unit level annually for impairment as of October 31 of each year and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. A qualitative test assesses macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance and other relevant entity specific events, as well as events affecting a reporting unit. If after the qualitative assessment, we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative assessment. We may also choose to only perform a quantitative assessment. We compute the estimated fair value of each reporting unit for which we perform a quantitative assessment by using an income approach. Under the income approach, the fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow model. Our discounted cash flow value is calculated by adding the present value of the estimated annual cash flows over a discrete projection period to the terminal value, which represents the value of the projected cash flows beyond the discrete projection period. Our discounted cash flow model requires us to use significant estimates and assumptions such as projected revenue growth rates, terminal growth rates, billboard lease and transit franchise expenses, other operating and selling, general and administrative expenses, capital expenditures, contract renewals and extensions, and discount rates. The estimated growth rates, operating margins and capital expenditures for the projection period are based on our internal forecasts of future performance as well as historical trends. The terminal value is estimated based on a perpetual nominal growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and long-term industry projections. The discount rates represent the weighted average cost of capital derived using known and estimated market metrics.

During the first half of 2023, it was determined that our transit revenue recovery had stalled since our historical Transit reporting unit did not meet revenue expectations, and as of June 30, 2023, our pacing and outlook for the remainder of 2023 reflected a continued decline in transit revenues as compared to our 2023 forecast due to the underperformance across our transit business, including the MTA transit system. As a result, we determined that there was a triggering event requiring an interim goodwill impairment analysis of our historical Transit reporting unit. As a result of the impairment analysis performed during the second quarter of 2023, we determined that the carrying value of our historical Transit reporting unit exceeded its fair value and we recorded an impairment charge of $47.6 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, representing the entire goodwill balance associated with the reporting unit.

As a result of impairment charges recorded in 2023 and the sale of the Canadian Business in the Transaction, the only reporting unit with a goodwill balance is our Billboard reporting unit. In the fourth quarter of 2025, we performed a qualitative assessment on our Billboard reporting unit as the estimated fair value of the reporting unit substantially exceeded carrying value and there were no factors indicating that it was more likely than not that the reporting unit was impaired. As of December 31, 2025, the goodwill balances associated with the Billboard reporting unit was $2.0 billion on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

The assumptions and estimates included in our analysis require significant judgment about future events, market conditions and financial performance. Actual results may differ from our assumptions. There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease the fair values of our reporting units, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future.

Long-Lived Assets

We report long-lived assets, including billboard advertising structures, other property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. We depreciate or amortize these assets over their estimated useful lives, which generally range from three to 40 years. For billboard advertising structures, we estimate the useful lives based on the estimated economic life of the asset. Transit fixed assets are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related contractual term. Our long-lived identifiable intangible assets primarily consist of acquired permits and leasehold agreements and franchise agreements, which grant us the right to operate out-of-home advertising structures in specified locations and the right to provide advertising displays on railroad and municipal transit properties. Our long-lived identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is the respective life of the agreement and in some cases includes an estimation for renewals, which is based on historical experience. The significant assumptions we use to determine the useful lives and fair values of long-lived assets include contractual commitments, regulatory requirements, future expected cash flows and industry growth rates, as well as future salvage values.

We test for long-lived asset impairment whenever there is an indication that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is determined by comparing the forecasted undiscounted cash flows generated by those assets to the respective asset’s carrying value, excluding any impacts from foreign currency translation adjustments reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Statement Financial Position in conformity with GAAP. The amount of impairment loss, if any, will be measured by the difference between the net carrying value and the estimated fair value of the asset and recognized as a non-cash charge. Long-lived assets held for sale are required to be measured at the lower of their carrying value (including unrecognized foreign currency translation adjustment losses) or fair value less cost to sell.

We compute the estimated fair value of each asset group for which we perform a quantitative assessment using an income approach. Under the income approach, the fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow model. Our cash flow models requires us to use significant estimates and assumptions such as projected revenue growth rates, billboard lease and transit franchise expenses, other operating and selling, general and administrative expenses, capital expenditures, and discount rates. The projected revenue growth rates, billboard lease and transit franchise expenses, other operating and selling, general and administrative expenses and capital expenditures are based on our internal forecasts of future performance, as well as historical trends. The discount rates represent the weighted average cost of capital derived using known and estimated market metrics. There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease the fair values of our asset groups, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future.

As a result of negative aggregate undiscounted cash flow forecasts related to our MTA asset group, we performed quarterly impairment analyses on the MTA asset group during 2024 and recorded impairment charges of $17.9 million during 2024, representing additional MTA equipment deployment cost spending during the six months ended June 30, 2024. No impairment charges were recorded during 2025. (See the “Critical Accounting Policies: MTA Agreement” section of this MD&A.) We currently expect positive aggregate cash flows on an undiscounted basis through to the end of the Amended Term of the MTA Agreement. If our MTA performance continues to be in line with, or better than, our current model, we would not expect to incur additional impairment charges on our MTA equipment deployment cost spending. There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease our cash flows, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future.

Accounting Standards

See Item 8., Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for information about adoption of new accounting standards and recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We are exposed to market risk related to commodity prices and to a limited extent, interest rates and credit risks.

Commodity Price Risk

We incur various operating costs that are subject to price risk caused by volatility in underlying commodity values. Commodity price risk is present in electricity costs associated with powering our digital billboard displays and lighting our traditional static billboard displays at night.

We do not currently use derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate our exposure to commodity price risk. However, we do enter into contracts with commodity providers to limit our exposure to commodity price fluctuations. For the year ended December 31, 2025, such contracts accounted for 10.7% of our total utility costs. As of December 31, 2025, we had active electricity purchase agreements with fixed contract rates for locations in Illinois, Missouri, Ohio and Texas, which expire at various dates through October 2027.

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest rate risk to the extent we have variable-rate debt outstanding, including under our Senior Credit Facilities and the AR Facility.

As of December 31, 2025, we had a $500.0 million variable-rate Term Loan due 2032 outstanding, which has an interest rate of 5.7% per year. An increase or decrease of 1/4% in our interest rate on the Term Loan will change our annualized interest expense by approximately $1.3 million.

We are not currently using derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate interest rate risk, although we may do so in the future.

Credit Risk

In the opinion of our management, credit risk is limited due to the large number of customers and advertising agencies utilized. We perform credit evaluations on our customers and agencies and believe that the allowances for credit losses are adequate. We do not currently use derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate credit risk.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of OUTFRONT Media Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income (loss), of redeemable noncontrolling interests, preferred stock and equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, including the related notes and financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue Recognition – Billboard and Transit

As described in Notes 2 and 12 to the consolidated financial statements, for the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company’s total revenue was $1,831.7 million, of which Billboard and Transit revenue were $1,391.4 million and $431.2 million, respectively. Billboard display revenues are derived from providing advertising space to customers on physical billboards or other outdoor structures. Billboard display revenues and installation services generated from traditional contracts are recognized on a combined basis under the lease accounting standard as rental income on a straight-line basis over the customer lease term. Transit display revenues are derived from agreements with municipalities and transit operators, which entitle the Company to operate advertising displays within their transit systems, including on the interior and exterior of rail and subway cars and buses, as well as on benches, transit shelters, street kiosks and transit platforms. Transit display revenues generated from traditional contracts are recognized based on the level of units displayed in proportion to the total units to be displayed over the contract period.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to Billboard and Transit revenue recognition is a critical audit matter are a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to contractual arrangements and delivery of customer advertising copy to displays.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls over billboard and transit revenue recognized for displays. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating the appropriateness of the application of the Company’s accounting policies to billboard and transit revenue transactions; (ii) testing a sample of revenue transactions by obtaining and inspecting contractual arrangements and evaluating the appropriateness of the revenue recognized based on the terms of each arrangement; and (iii) obtaining and inspecting, for a sample of revenue transactions, source documents to support the delivery of customer advertising copy to displays.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York

February 26, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.

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OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position


	As of December 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99.9	$	46.9
Receivables, less allowances of $23.2 in 2025 and $20.6 in 2024	365.7		305.3
Prepaid lease and transit franchise costs	5.1		4.0

Other prepaid expenses	21.9		17.8
Other current assets	11.1		11.8
Total current assets	503.7		385.8
Property and equipment, net (Note 3)	643.8		648.9
Goodwill (Note 4)	2,006.4		2,006.4
Intangible assets (Note 4)	612.0		652.0
Operating lease assets (Note 5)	1,521.5		1,503.8

Other assets	24.2		18.3
Total assets	$	5,311.6	$	5,215.2

Liabilities:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	50.2	$	51.4
Accrued compensation	72.3		56.7
Accrued interest	35.1		34.5
Accrued lease and franchise costs	72.2		82.8
Other accrued expenses	55.5		54.3
Deferred revenues	57.7		42.8
Short-term debt (Note 8)	—		10.0
Short-term operating lease liabilities (Note 5)	172.9		168.7
Other current liabilities	29.4		19.6
Total current liabilities	545.3		520.8
Long-term debt, net (Note 8)	2,583.4		2,482.5

Asset retirement obligation (Note 6)	34.0		33.9
Operating lease liabilities (Note 5)	1,374.7		1,351.8
Other liabilities	40.3		42.2
Total liabilities	4,577.7		4,431.2

Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)

Redeemable noncontrolling interests (Note 9)	22.0		13.6
Preferred stock (2025 - 50.0 shares authorized, and no shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding; 2024 - 50.0 shares authorized, and 0.1 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding) (Note 11)	—		119.8
Stockholders’ equity (Note 11):
Common stock (2025 - 450.0 shares authorized, and 175.2 shares issued and outstanding; 2024 - 450.0 shares authorized, and 166.0 shares issued or outstanding)	1.8		1.7
Additional paid-in capital	2,619.3		2,493.6
Distribution in excess of earnings	(1,910.8)		(1,846.2)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 10)	0.1		(0.1)
Total stockholders’ equity	710.4		649.0
Noncontrolling interests	1.5		1.6
Total liabilities and equity	$	5,311.6	$	5,215.2

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2025		2024		2023
Revenues	$	1,831.7	$	1,830.9	$	1,820.6
Expenses:
Operating	918.5		949.0		963.1
Selling, general and administrative	441.7		447.9		429.7
Restructuring charges	20.1		—		—
Net gain on dispositions	(2.3)		(160.9)		(14.2)
Impairment charges	—		17.9		534.7
Depreciation	90.6		79.5		79.3
Amortization	69.6		72.0		81.2
Total expenses	1,538.2		1,405.4		2,073.8
Operating income (loss)	293.5		425.5		(253.2)
Interest expense, net	(146.4)		(156.2)		(158.4)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(0.6)		(1.2)		(8.1)
Other income, net	—		1.0		0.3
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes and equity in earnings of investee companies	146.5		269.1		(419.4)
Provision for income taxes	(2.0)		(11.0)		(4.0)
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax	2.5		0.6		(1.1)
Net income (loss) before allocation to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests	147.0		258.7		(424.5)
Net income attributable to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		0.5		0.7
Net income (loss) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	$	147.0	$	258.2	$	(425.2)

Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	0.83	$	1.54	$	(2.70)
Diluted	$	0.82	$	1.51	$	(2.70)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	167.8		161.9		161.0
Diluted	169.2		170.8		161.0

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2023
Net income (loss) before allocation to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests	$	147.0	$	258.7	$	(424.5)
Net income attributable to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		0.5		0.7
Net income (loss) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	147.0		258.2		(425.2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Cumulative translation adjustments	—		(4.0)		3.1
Write-off of currency translation losses related to a disposition	—		10.1		—
Net actuarial gain	0.2		0.2		0.2
Write off of net actuarial gain related to a disposition	—		(0.6)		—

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	0.2		5.7		3.3
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	147.2	$	263.9	$	(421.9)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, Preferred Stock and Equity


						Stockholders’ Equity
(in millions, except per share amounts)	Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests		Shares of Series A Preferred Stock	Series A Preferred Stock ($0.01 per share par value)		Shares of Common Stock	Common Stock $0.01 per share par value)		Additional Paid-In Capital		Distribution in Excess of Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Non-Controlling Interests
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	27.2	0.1	$	119.8	160.3	$	1.6	$	2,391.3	$	(1,188.6)	$	(9.1)	$	1,195.2	$	1.8
Net income (loss)	0.7		—	—		—	—		—		(425.2)		—		(425.2)		—
Other comprehensive income	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		3.3		3.3		—
Stock-based payments:
Vested	—		—	—		1.6	0.1		—		—		—		0.1		—
Amortization	—		—	—		—	—		28.4		—		—		28.4		—
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments	—		—	—		(0.8)	—		(12.5)		—		—		(12.5)		—
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (7%)	—		—	—		—	—		—		(8.8)		—		(8.8)		—
Dividends ($1.20 per share)	—		—	—		—	—		—		(198.5)		—		(198.5)		—
Adjustment to redeemable value of noncontrolling interests	4.7		—	—		—	—		(4.7)		—		—		(4.7)		—
Other	(1.3)					—	—		—		—		—		—		(0.1)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	31.3		0.1	119.8		161.1	1.7		2,402.5		(1,821.1)		(5.8)		577.3		1.7
Net income	0.5		—	—		—	—		—		258.2		—		258.2		—
Other comprehensive income	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		5.7		5.7		—
Stock-based payments:
Vested	—		—	—		1.5	—		—		—		—		—		—
Amortization	—		—	—		—	—		30.8		—		—		30.8		—
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments	—		—	—		(0.6)	—		(7.8)		—		—		(7.8)		—
Purchase of non-controlling interest	(24.6)		—	—		—	—		0.3		—		—		0.3		—
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (7%)	—		—	—		—	—		—		(8.8)		—		(8.8)		—
Dividends ($1.65 per share)	—		—	—		4.0	—		74.7		(274.5)		—		(199.8)		—
Adjustment to redeemable value of noncontrolling interests	6.9		—	—		—	—		(6.9)		—		—		(6.9)		—
Other	(0.5)		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(0.1)
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	13.6	0.1	$	119.8	166.0	$	1.7	$	2,493.6	$	(1,846.2)	$	(0.1)	$	649.0	$	1.6

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OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests, Preferred Stock and Equity (Continued)


						Stockholders’ Equity
(in millions, except per share amounts)	Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests		Shares of Series A Preferred Stock	Series A Preferred Stock ($0.01 per share par value)		Shares of Common Stock	Common Stock ($0.01 per share par value)		Additional Paid-In Capital		Distribution in Excess of Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Equity		Non-Controlling Interests
Balance as of December 31, 2024	$	13.6	0.1	$	119.8	166.0	$	1.7	$	2,493.6	$	(1,846.2)	$	(0.1)	$	649.0	$	1.6
Net income (loss)	0.1		—	—		—	—		—		147.0		—		147.0		(0.1)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		0.2		0.2		—
Stock-based payments:
Vested	—		—	—		2.2	—		—		—		—		—		—
Amortization	—		—	—		—	—		30.0		—		—		30.0		—
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments			—	—		(0.9)	—		(17.2)		—		—		(17.2)		—
Series A Preferred Stock conversions	—		(0.1)	(121.1)		7.9	0.1		121.0		—		—		121.1		—
Series A Preferred Stock dividends (7%)	—		—	1.3		—	—		—		(7.9)		—		(7.9)		—
Dividends ($1.20 per share)	—		—	—		—	—		—		(203.7)		—		(203.7)		—
Adjustment to redeemable value of noncontrolling interests	8.1		—	—		—	—		(8.1)		—		—		(8.1)		—
Other	0.2		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Balance as of December 31, 2025	$	22.0	—	$	—	175.2	$	1.8	$	2,619.3	$	(1,910.8)	$	0.1	$	710.4	$	1.5

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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OUTFRONT Media Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2023
Operating activities:
Net income (loss) attributable to OUTFRONT Media Inc.	$	147.0	$	258.2	$	(425.2)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flow provided by operating activities:
Net income attributable to redeemable and non-redeemable noncontrolling interests	—		0.5		0.7
Depreciation and amortization	160.2		151.5		160.5
Deferred tax benefit	—		(1.2)		(0.1)
Stock-based compensation	30.0		30.8		28.4
Provision for doubtful accounts	6.6		5.7		5.8
Accretion expense	2.8		2.9		3.1
Net gain on dispositions	(2.3)		(160.9)		(14.2)
Impairment charges	—		—		511.4
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0.6		1.2		8.1
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax	(2.5)		(0.6)		1.1
Distributions from investee companies	0.6		1.1		1.0
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount	5.8		6.1		6.7
Change in assets and liabilities, net of investing and financing activities:
Increase in receivables	(67.0)		(23.3)		(4.0)
Increase in prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs	—		—		(21.8)
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(3.1)		0.1		(4.9)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	4.3		13.7		(9.2)
Increase in operating lease assets and liabilities	8.3		10.2		10.6
Increase in deferred revenues	14.9		5.1		3.5
Increase (decrease) in income taxes	(0.2)		0.7

OUTFRONT Media Inc. 10-K