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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission file number 001-36353

Perrigo Company plc

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Ireland						N/A
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

The Sharp Building, Hogan Place, Dublin 2, Ireland D02 TY74

+353 1 7094000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary shares, €0.001 par value	PRGO	New York Stock Exchange
4.900% Notes due 2030	PRGO30	New York Stock Exchange
6.125% Notes due 2032	PRGO32A	New York Stock Exchange
5.375% Notes due 2032	PRGO32B	New York Stock Exchange
5.300% Notes due 2043	PRGO43	New York Stock Exchange
4.900% Notes due 2044	PRGO44	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes

☐

☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes

☒

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes

☐

☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of our ordinary shares on June 27, 2025 as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was $3,650,573,391. Ordinary shares held by each director or executive officer have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

As of February 24, 2026, the registrant had 137,649,352 outstanding ordinary shares.

Documents incorporated by reference:

The information called for by Part III will be incorporated by reference from the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A or will be included in an amendment to this Form 10-K.

PERRIGO COMPANY PLC

FORM 10-K

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page No.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		3

Part I.
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	14
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	32
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	32
Item 2.	Properties	34
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	34
Additional Item.	Information About Our Executive Officers	35

Part II.
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	36
Item 6.	[Reserved]	36
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	55
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	57
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	124
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	124
Item 9B.	Other Information	124
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	124

Part III.
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	124
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	125
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	125
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	125
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	125

Part IV.
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	126

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created thereby. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our, or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. In particular, statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions, future events or future performance contained in this report, including certain statements contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” "forecast," “predict,” “potential” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology.

We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, including: our ability to complete the proposed divestment of the Dermacosmetics branded business, receipt of works council and regulatory approval regarding the transaction, performance by counterparties to the transaction and the likelihood of satisfying the deferred payment milestones associated with the transaction, supply chain impacts on our business, including those caused or exacerbated by armed conflict, trade and other economic sanctions and/or disease; general economic, credit, and market conditions; increased or new tariffs by the U.S. or foreign governments (and any retaliatory or reciprocal tariffs) and changes in global trade relations; the impact of the war in Ukraine and any escalation thereof, including the effects of economic and political sanctions imposed by the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and other countries related thereto; the outbreak or escalation of conflict in other regions where we do business, including the Middle East; current and future impairment charges, if we determine that the carrying amount of specific assets may not be recoverable from the expected future cash flows of such assets; customer acceptance of new products; competition from other industry participants, some of whom have greater marketing resources or larger market shares in certain product categories than we do; pricing pressures from customers and consumers; resolution of uncertain tax positions and any litigation relating thereto, ongoing or future government investigations and regulatory initiatives; uncertainty regarding our ability to obtain and maintain our regulatory approvals; potential costs and reputational impact of product recalls or sales halts; potential adverse changes to U.S. and foreign tax, healthcare and other government policy; the effect of epidemic or pandemic disease; the timing, amount and cost of any share repurchases (or the absence thereof) and/or any refinancing of outstanding debt at or prior to maturity; fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates; receipt of potential earnout payments in connection with the sale of the HRA Rare Diseases Business and the risk that potential costs or liabilities incurred or retained in connection with this transaction may exceed our estimates or adversely affect our business or operations; the risk that potential costs or liabilities incurred or retained in connection with the sale of our Rx business may exceed our estimates or adversely affect our business or operations; the consummation and success of other announced and unannounced acquisitions or dispositions, and our ability to realize the desired benefits thereof; and our ability to execute and achieve the desired benefits of announced cost-reduction efforts and other strategic initiatives and investments, including our ability to achieve the expected benefits from our ongoing restructuring programs described herein. Adverse results with respect to pending litigation could have a material adverse impact on our operating results, cash flows and liquidity, and could ultimately require the use of corporate assets to pay damages, reducing assets that would otherwise be available for other corporate purposes. These and other important factors, including those discussed in this report under “Risk Factors” and in any subsequent filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this report are made only as of the date hereof, and unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS

This report contains trademarks, trade names and service marks that are the property of Perrigo Company plc, as well as, for informational purposes, trademarks, trade names, and service marks that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, certain trademarks, trade names, and service marks referred to in this report appear without the ®, ™ and SM symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate that we or the applicable owner, as the case may be, will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our or their rights to such trademarks, trade names, and service marks.

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PART I.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Perrigo Company plc was incorporated under the laws of Ireland on June 28, 2013 and became the successor registrant of Perrigo Company, a Michigan corporation, on December 18, 2013 in connection with the acquisition of Elan Corporation, plc ("Elan"). Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms "Perrigo," the "Company," "we," "our," "us," and similar pronouns used herein refer to Perrigo Company plc, its subsidiaries, and all predecessors of Perrigo Company plc and its subsidiaries.

WHO WE ARE

Perrigo is a leading pure-play self-care company with more than a century of providing high-quality health and wellness solutions to meet the evolving needs of consumers. As one of the originators of the over-the-counter ("OTC") self-care market, Perrigo is led by its vision "To Provide The Best Self-Care For Everyone" and its purpose to "Make Lives Better Through Trusted Health and Wellness Solutions, Accessible To All".

Perrigo works to fulfill its vision and purpose as a top-tier consumer self-care company with a focused portfolio based on consumer-led innovation, which meets societal needs for:

•Access: Perrigo's self-care products and solutions enhance the daily lives of millions of families, empowering them to take control of their health and wellness.

•Value: Perrigo delivers value by helping consumers proactively manage their well-being through affordable and effective self-care solutions.

•Reliability: Perrigo ensures the safety and effectiveness of its self-care solutions, best serving its consumers.

Perrigo provides access to trusted self-care solutions that can be used without the need to visit a health practitioner for a prescription. Guided by our vision and purpose, our strategic goal is to create sustainable and value accretive growth by 1) delivering consumer preferred brands and innovation, 2) driving category growth with our customers, 3) powering our business with our world-class, quality assured supply chain, including a focus on sustainability with meaningful goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, water, and waste, in addition to increasing the recyclability of our packaging, and 4) evolving our global organization to one cohesive operating model. Our unique competency is to deliver health and wellness solutions across multiple price and value tiers that improve access and choice for consumers.

Perrigo's broad offerings are well diversified across several major product categories as well as across geographies, primarily in North America and Europe, with no one product representing more than 5% of total revenue. In North America, Perrigo is the leading store brand private label provider of self-care products in many categories, including upper respiratory, healthy lifestyle and women's health, along with brands including Opill® and Mederma®. In Europe, our portfolio consists primarily of brands, including Compeed®, ellaOne®, Solpadeine®, Jungle Formula®, and ACO®.

Two key initiatives have been fundamental in advancing our self-care strategy — our Supply Chain Reinvention Program, a global supply chain efficiency program, and Project Energize, a global investment and efficiency program. In addition, we continue to invest in other initiatives, including innovation, information systems and tools, and our people to drive consistent and sustainable results.

Perrigo’s unique complementary businesses enable each individually to play a specific reinforcing role, where 1) store brands generate cash for investments into the Company’s key higher margin, higher growth brands, 2) branding and innovation capabilities deliver both brand and store brand demand generation designed to lead to stronger customer partnerships, 3) consumer-led innovation scaled across brands, store brands and geographies, and 4) leveraging global supply chain scale of more molecules at more price points to more consumers driving household penetration.

The Company’s plan to drive cash flow and total shareholder return is anchored behind its ‘Three-S’ plan – ‘Stabilizing’ Consumer Self-Care Americas store brand and infant formula businesses; ‘Streamlining’ the global portfolio, enterprise operating model and Consumer Self-Care International business; and ‘Strengthening’ what is working by prioritizing and increasing investments behind key brands. Further 2025 highlights can be found in Item 7. Management Discussion and Analysis - Executive Overview.

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Strategy & Competitive Advantage

Our objective is to grow our business by responsibly leveraging our global infrastructure to deliver high quality self-care solutions to customers and consumers through our expansive product offerings, providing new innovative products, brands, and product line extensions to consumers through entering new adjacent products and categories, new geographies and new channels of distribution organically and inorganically.

Among other elements, we believe the following factors give us a competitive advantage and provide value to our customers and consumers:

•A diverse product portfolio, leadership in first-to-market product development, and product life cycle management;

•Experienced research and development ("R&D"), innovation and regulatory capabilities to develop and launch high-quality solutions, differentiated product and packaging features, product reformulations, and new brands and brand line extensions;

•Deep understanding of consumer needs and customer strategies with market, category and product specific promotional and e-commerce capabilities;

•Expansive global commercial infrastructure, brand-building capabilities, and an extensive and diverse product portfolio to leverage our ability to deliver hundreds of molecules at multiple price points;

•Supply chain breadth, and utilizing economies of scale to manage supply chain complexity across multiple dosage forms, formulations, stock-keeping units and geographies; and

•Quality and cost effectiveness throughout the supply chain and operational systems across all products creating a sustainable, lower-cost network across our manufacturing and distribution networks.

SEGMENTS

Our reporting and operating segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), makes operating decisions, allocates resources and manages the growth and profitability of the Company. Our reporting and operating segments are:

•Consumer Self-Care Americas ("CSCA") comprises our consumer self-care business in the U.S. and Canada.

•Consumer Self-Care International ("CSCI") comprises our consumer self-care business outside of the U.S. and Canada, primarily in Europe and Australia.

During the first quarter of 2026, we have begun transitioning from a geographic segment reporting structure to a category-based segment view, enabling us to better align our financial disclosures and operational analysis with our product offerings and strategic priorities. The change is being made to stay in alignment with the way our chief operating decision maker intends to make future operating decisions, allocate resources and manage the growth and profitability of the Company. The anticipated change is not expected to have any impact on the Company's historical consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

We previously had a "prescription only" ("Rx") segment comprised of our generic prescription pharmaceuticals business in the U.S. and other pharmaceuticals and diagnostic businesses in Israel, which have been divested. The Rx segment was reported as Discontinued Operations in 2021, and is presented as such for all periods in this report. See Item 8. Note 5 for more information. Financial information related to our business segments can be found in Item 8. Note 21.

CONSUMER SELF-CARE AMERICAS

The CSCA segment develops, manufactures and markets our leading self-care consumer solutions in the U.S. and Canada. We primarily provide our customers self-care products that are sold and marketed under the customer's own brands and/or exclusive brands ("store brands"). We also own, market and sell to consumers and customers a select lineup of branded self-care products. Customers include major global, national, and regional retail drug, supermarket, mass merchandise chains, e-commerce retailers, and major wholesalers.

Our store brand products are comparable in quality and effectiveness to national brands. Store brand products must meet the same stringent U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") requirements as national brands within the U.S. and the requirements of comparable regulatory bodies outside the U.S. In most instances, our product packaging, marketing, advertising, and e-commerce focus are designed to invite and reinforce comparison to national brand products, while conveying a superior value for consumers. The cost of store brand products to retailers is significantly lower than that of comparable nationally advertised brand name products. The retailer, therefore, can price a store brand product below the competing national brand product and realize a greater percentage and dollar profit, while consumers benefit from receiving a high-quality product at a price below the

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comparable national brand product. Consumer awareness and knowledge of the quality, value and efficacy of our products are achieved from marketing efforts made by us, our retailer customers and wholesalers.

Certain branded products are developed, manufactured and distributed within the CSCA segment. Our primary branded products sold under brand names include Compeed®, Dr. Fresh®, Firefly®, Good Sense®, Good Start®, Mederma®, Nasonex®, Plackers®, Prevacid®24HR, REACH®, Rembrandt®, Steripod® and Opill®.

CONSUMER SELF-CARE INTERNATIONAL

The CSCI segment comprises our consumer self-care product categories outside the U.S. and Canada, primarily our branded products in Europe and Australia and our store brand products in the United Kingdom and parts of Europe and Asia. We leverage our broad marketing, sales, regulatory, manufacturing and distribution infrastructure to drive market share, innovate new products and brands, in-license and expand product lines, and sell and distribute third-party brands. The CSCI segment products are sold primarily through an established pharmacy sales force to an extensive network of customers including pharmacies, wholesalers, drug and grocery store retailers, e-commerce retailers, and para-pharmacies in more than 30 countries, predominantly in Europe. Branded products in the CSCI segment are marketed using traditional and digital advertising as well as point-of-sale promotional spending to enhance brand equity.

While we have hundreds of brands, we focus our resources on growth brands, including Solpadeine®, Coldrex®, Physiomer®, Jungle Formula®, NiQuitin®, Compeed®, and ellaOne®. Many of these brands have leading positions in the markets in which they compete. We focus our resources, including R&D investments, to these brands to strengthen their market position while leveraging the same R&D efforts for local brands. Our new product pipeline is supported by internal R&D, new product development, and acquisitions and partnerships - for both brand extensions and product improvements.

PRODUCTS

We offer products in the following categories:


Product Category						Description
Upper Respiratory						Products that relieve upper respiratory symptoms, including cough suppressants, expectorants, sinus and allergy relief.
Nutrition(1)						Infant formulas and oral electrolyte beverages.
Digestive Health						Products such as antacids, anti-diarrheal, and anti-heartburn that relieve symptoms associated with digestive issues.
Pain and Sleep-Aids						Products comprised of pain relievers, fever reducers and sleep-aids.
Oral Care						Products used for oral care, including toothbrushes, toothbrush replacement heads, floss, flossers, whitening products and toothbrush covers.
Healthy Lifestyle						Products that help consumers live a healthy lifestyle such as smoking cessation, and well-being products.
Skin Care						Products for the face and body such as dermatological care, scar management, lice treatment, and other products for various skin conditions.
Women's Health						Women's health products, including feminine hygiene and contraceptives.
Vitamins, Minerals, and Supplements ("VMS")						Vitamins, minerals, and supplements.
Other(2)						Other miscellaneous self-care products.

(1) The Nutrition product category is exclusive to CSCA. Historically, the Nutrition product category included the nutritional beverages product line which was exited during 2023.

(2) Historically, the Other product category included products from our Rare Diseases business which was divested from our CSCI segment in 2024. Refer to Item 8. Note 3 for divestiture details.

New Products

We consider a product to be new if it (i) was reformulated into an additional unique product, (ii) was a product line extension due to changes in characteristics such as strength, flavor, or color, (iii) had a change in product status from "prescription only" ("Rx") to OTC, (iv) was a new store brand or branded launch, (v) was provided in a new dosage form or (vi) was sold to a new geographic area with different regulatory authorities, in all cases, within 12 months prior to the end of the period for which net sales are being measured. Notable new product launches in the year ended December 31, 2025 include Phenylephrine No Drip Nasal Spray, IBU/APAP Dual Active and the TriosTM program launch in CSCA and CSCI line extensions in the Bronchostop® 5 in1 products, flavor roll outs in NiQuitin®, launches of Nasalmer® in new geographic areas. We also had new products in the Physiomer®, Jungle Formula®, Coldrex® and Compeed® franchises. Each of our product categories and growth brands have a three to five-year

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innovation master plan. We rely on both internal R&D and strategic product development agreements with outside sources to develop new products.

SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS

Sales to Walmart Inc. represented 12.9% and 11.9% of our consolidated net sales in 2025 and 2024, respectively. While we have other important customers, no other individual customer represents more than 10% of net sales. Our top ten customers accounted for 47% of our total consolidated net sales in 2025 and 2024. We believe we generally have good relationships with our customers. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors - Operational Risks for risks associated with customers.

COMPETITION

The markets for our self-care products are highly competitive and differ for each product line, category and geographic region. The competitive landscape of the European consumer products market in the categories in which we compete is more fragmented than the North American market. Our primary competitors include manufacturers, such as Dr. Reddy's Labs, LNK International, Inc., PL Developments, Aurobindo and Sun Pharmaceuticals, and brand-name pharmaceutical and consumer product companies, such as Haleon, Kenvue, Procter & Gamble, Reckitt Benckiser, Abbott Nutrition, Bayer AG, Opella, Philips, Teva, Viatris, and Stada. Each product category of our business has certain key competitors, such that a competitor generally does not compete across all product lines or across all geographic markets. However, some competitors do have larger sales volumes in certain of our categories. Competition is based on a variety of factors, including price, quality, product assortment, customer service, marketing support and approvals for new products. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors - Operational Risks for additional information and risks associated with competition.

TRADEMARKS, PATENTS AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS

While we own certain trademarks and patents, neither our business as a whole, nor any of our segments, is materially dependent upon our ownership of any one trademark, or patent, or group of trademarks or patents.

MATERIALS SOURCING

Low cost, high-quality raw materials and packaging components are essential to all of our business units. Some generic raw materials and packaging components are available from multiple suppliers. However, supplies of certain raw materials and packaging components, due to their technical specifications and product delivery systems, are more limited as they may be available from one, or only a few suppliers, and may require extensive compatibility testing before we can use them.

Historically, we have been able to react effectively, yet not always immediately, to situations that require alternate sourcing. Should such alternate sourcing be necessary, FDA requirements placed on products approved through the Abbreviated New Drug Application ("ANDA") or New Drug Application ("NDA") process could substantially lengthen the approval of an alternate source and adversely affect financial results. Additionally, the same sourcing principle holds for other specific regulatory requirements in countries in which we compete. We believe we have good, cooperative working relationships with our suppliers and have historically been able to capitalize on economies of scale in the purchase of materials and supplies due to our volume of purchases. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors - Operational Risks for risks associated with materials sourcing. Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis - Executive Overview for a detailed discussion of the impact of inflation and supply chain disruptions, the war in Ukraine, and the Middle East conflicts on our materials sourcing.

MANUFACTURING AND DISTRIBUTION

Our primary manufacturing facilities are in the U.S. We also have manufacturing facilities in the U.K., Belgium, France, Germany and China, along with a joint venture in China. We supplement our production capabilities with the purchase of products from external sources. While our business is not generally seasonal, the capacity of some facilities may not be fully utilized at certain times for various reasons, such as consumer and customer demand, the seasonality of certain product categories (for example, cough/cold/flu and allergy products) and new product launches. We may utilize available capacity by performing contract manufacturing for other companies. We have logistics facilities in the U.S., in numerous locations throughout Europe, and Australia. We use contract freight and common carriers to deliver our products to customers. We also utilize direct-to-consumer platforms to deliver certain offerings to consumers.

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chain. Through this initiative, we reduced portfolio complexity, invested in advanced planning capabilities, diversified sourcing, and optimized our manufacturing assets and distribution models. The program was executed over a three-year period and, having achieved its primary objectives, was being finalized as of December 31, 2025. For the remaining project wind-down activities, we anticipate less than $10 million of additional costs to be incurred through fiscal year 2026.

Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis - Executive Overview for a detailed discussion of the impact of inflation and supply chain disruption, and the Supply Chain Reinvention Program on our manufacturing and distribution, and refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors - Operational Risks for risks associated with our manufacturing facilities.

OUR SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (“ESG”) STRATEGY

Sustainability

We view sustainability as an opportunity to create long-term value for our business and stakeholders. Accordingly, we align our initiatives with established frameworks such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures ("TCFD"), the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board ("SASB"), and the Global Reporting Initiative ("GRI"). To facilitate progress, we establish measurable objectives and endeavor to provide transparent reporting on our progress. We believe this commitment helps position us to adapt to evolving expectations and regulatory requirements.

Sustainability is governed through an intentional framework that integrates oversight at both the board and management levels. The Board of Directors maintains responsibility for overseeing all major enterprise risks, including ESG matters, with specific committees providing focused review of sustainability and climate-related risks. This structure is designed to ensure that sustainability considerations are embedded within Perrigo’s overall risk management and strategic direction. Management oversight is led by the Executive Leadership Team and the Vice President Global Ethics, Privacy & Sustainability, supported by dedicated sustainability professionals embedded across key business functions. This cross-functional approach is designed to ensure that sustainability considerations are reflected in strategic decision-making, operational practices, and ongoing stakeholder engagement.

Our sustainability strategy centers on four key priorities: Acting on Climate, People & Communities, Packaging and Responsible Sourcing. These areas guide our efforts to reduce our impact and create value for our stakeholders.

Acting on Climate: Mitigating the climate crisis requires ambitious goals and credible, science-based actions. Perrigo's goal is to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions across our supply chain and operations by 2040. Our plan includes reducing our direct and indirect emissions by minimizing our production footprint, investing in renewable energy, redesigning products and packaging, and moving to electric vehicle fleets for our international business.

People & Communities: We foster a culture of inclusivity and teamwork, both within Perrigo and in the communities we serve. We have made progress in increasing representation at our board and executive levels, helping us better reflect the experiences of our consumers.

Packaging: Better products and packaging help our consumers, the climate, and our planet. We are contributing to the circular economy by transitioning to reusable, recyclable, and compostable packaging, where possible. Our priorities include reducing packaging weight and innovating materials.

Responsible Sourcing: We are committed to upholding human rights, ensuring fair working conditions, and protecting the environment in our supply chain. We demonstrate our commitment through rigorous monitoring programs. Our intention is to collaborate with suppliers who share our values and responsible practices to make a positive impact on our value chain.

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Environmental Matters

Our facilities and operations are subject to various environmental laws and regulations relating to air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid and hazardous waste management activities, and the safety of our employees. We undergo periodic internal audits related to environmental, health, and safety requirements to maintain compliance with applicable laws and regulations in each jurisdiction where we operate. We also maintain regulatory registers of all applicable environmental, health and safety compliance obligations that we conduct periodic self-assessments against to determine our compliance status for each manufacturing site. We have made, and continue to make, expenditures necessary to comply with applicable environmental laws; however, we do not believe that the costs for complying with such laws and regulations have been or will be material to our business. We do not have any material remediation liabilities outstanding.

As part of our climate strategy, we're in the process of integrating transitional and physical climate risks into our business strategy and disclosure efforts. We recognize that climate risks may pose potential threats but also offer long term opportunities. We are dedicated to advancing the tools and methodologies for assessing climate impacts, tracking progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and evaluating potential climate-driven risks to our business strategy.

Human Capital Resources

We believe that the support and development of our global colleagues is an important component enabling us to attract, retain, and engage the talent needed to deliver on our self-care strategy. Our global workforce consists of approximately 8,100 full-time and part-time employees spread across 31 countries, of which approximately 17.5% were covered by collective agreements as of December 31, 2025. We continuously endeavor to provide a safe and inclusive work environment so our colleagues can bring their best to work every day. Our vision is clear: “To Provide the Best Self-Care for Everyone”. At Perrigo, our success is not just about reaching these goals; it is about how we get there. The way we work together is foundational. Our Core Values ensure that every decision we each make supports our vision and strengthen our collective impact as One Perrigo. Each global colleague is responsible for upholding Perrigo’s three Core Values of: We Care Deeply, We Do the Right Thing and We Play to Win.

Consistent with our Vision and Core Values, we strive for a world-class and representative workforce that reflects our consumers across the globe, enabling us to continue to provide the best self-care to everyone. We believe that equitable practices and fostering an environment where every individual feels valued, respected and empowered at work creates lasting benefits for our colleagues, customers, consumers, and shareholders and enhances our culture, performance, and profitable growth. Our strategy focuses on building a winning culture through 'belonging' by:

•Educating our workforce to create an environment where every individual feels valued, respected and empowered at work;

•Strengthening our talent management practices through a lens of belonging; and

•Enabling leaders, embedding accountability and strengthening our governance practices.

We are committed to making self-care accessible to all and understand that we can accomplish this by nurturing a culture of belonging where people feel valued, welcomed, respected and heard. Achieving this goal enables our colleagues to deliver their best work and keep our consumers at the center of how we innovate, create, and deliver results. Accordingly, we continue to take action to help ensure our practices, policies, and processes are inclusive and fair for all colleagues. We also strive to support the well-being of the communities we serve and the individuals that make up our team of talented colleagues.

Colleagues at all levels of our Company continually receive educational resources and information on how to best support themselves and foster a culture where every individual feels supported and respected for who they are. Colleagues are encouraged to practice self-care and are provided support resources such as our global Employee Assistance Program which is designed to meet diverse needs of our colleagues across multiple identities, cultures and languages.

Compensation, Benefits, Health, Safety, and Well-being

Perrigo’s commitment to self-care starts with our own team. We are dedicated to maintaining a safe workplace for our team members. As a multi-national company, we are subject to a broad range of local and international laws and regulations relating to occupational safety and health, and our safety program is designed to meet these compliance requirements at a minimum. We also set specific safety standards to proactively identify and manage critical risks to eliminate significant injury and fatality potential in our operations. We continuously evaluate all

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applicable opportunities to reduce risk and provide a safe secure environment and our goal is to create a 100% safe workplace for our team members.

Our Total Rewards philosophy is to continuously attract, retain, and engage our people by designing Total Rewards that reinforce 'belonging' at Perrigo and align with our values and winning culture, helping to drive top tier performance and fulfill Perrigo's Vision. Our Total Rewards package delivers competitive pay, cash-based incentives, broad-based stock grants, retirement benefits, leading healthcare, paid time off, and on-site wellness services, among other benefits. Additionally, we are proud to continue our “HEALTHYyou” well-being program that supports our colleagues and their families in maintaining and improving their health as they navigate their own self-care and well-being journeys. This program is highly valued by our colleagues and it continues to be recognized externally by receiving the Best and Brightest in Wellness™ Award every year since 2017.

Growth, Development, and Engagement

Our One Perrigo culture is a strategic enabler of business performance. By strengthening organizational capability and accelerating talent development, we are building the workforce needed to deliver sustainable growth. This year, we advanced our global framework of core behaviors defining “Perrigo at Our Best” and embedded them across the organization. These behaviors, supported by five developmental levels, provide clear progression pathways and enable data-driven decisions in hiring, onboarding, and development. This approach is designed to ensure equity and transparency while aligning talent growth with business priorities.

Employee engagement remains central to our strategy. We have implemented more structured communications and feedback mechanisms and tools to support leaders to connect individuals to our strategy. We enhanced our development philosophy by deepening the partnership between colleagues and managers supported by annual career conversations to match individual aspirations to organizational needs. Our robust talent identification process now better matches high-potential colleagues with critical roles, ensuring we have the right capabilities in place to execute our strategy. These initiatives strengthen our culture, improve engagement and retention, and create a pipeline of leaders who will drive long-term value for shareholders.

We also empower colleagues to take control of their own development by providing access to our 'GROWyou' personal development curriculum. This curriculum is supplemented by offering colleagues 24/7 access to on-demand self-study content. Personal development and learning are guided by ongoing conversations and feedback as part of our performance management philosophy.

We continue to invest in our leadership capability at all levels in the organization so they can provide the right environment within our culture to engage, grow and develop our colleagues.

We also want to ensure that colleagues can connect their daily work to our vision, purpose and strategy. We do this through regular global, functional and local townhalls and round table discussions with senior leaders. This gives colleagues an opportunity to stay up to date, share their views and to get their questions answered. We also run regular engagement surveys to take feedback from the organization and convert that feedback into meaningful action to build a winning culture.

Human Rights

Perrigo is committed to the fight against modern slavery, child labor, unsafe working conditions and any other form of Human Rights abuse. We maintain a robust set of ethical standards that apply to all of Perrigo globally, as well as any contractors, suppliers, and other third parties doing business on our behalf. We conduct regular risk assessments and audits of our supply chain to ensure compliance with our internal standards and those of our customers.

Community Engagement

The Perrigo Company Charitable Foundation (the "Foundation") exists to support nonprofit organizations' initiatives in health and self-care, education, and community engagement and well-being within the communities where Perrigo operates around the world, mainly through a grant application process. The Foundation provides opportunities for our employees to get involved and give back their time and talent through charitable work and programs that put additional funds into the hands of those who need them most. We encourage all employees to volunteer in their local communities, which we believe has additional benefits on morale, mental health and goodwill as well as professional skills and network development.

More details on these and other Perrigo Company initiatives are available on our website at www.perrigo.com.

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GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND PRICING

The manufacturing, processing, formulation, packaging, labeling, testing, storing, distributing, advertising, and selling of our products are subject to regulation by a variety of agencies in the localities in which our products are sold. In addition, we manufacture and market certain of our products in accordance with standards set by various organizations. We believe that our policies, operations, and products comply in all material respects with existing regulations to which we are subject. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors - Operational Risks for related risks.

United States Regulation

Our products are subject to regulation by one or more U.S. agencies, including the U.S. FDA.

The FDA has regulatory authority over OTC drug products, active pharmaceutical ingredients ("API"), medical devices, cosmetics, and foods, including dietary supplements and infant formula. The FDA periodically inspects our facilities and reviews our quality management systems and manufacturing processes for compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If the FDA identifies or becomes aware of new safety information related to any of our products, it may require a range of actions, including additional inspections, enhancements to manufacturing controls, labeling modifications, additional testing, restrictions on indicated uses or marketing, post-approval studies, post-marketing surveillance, or product withdrawal or recall.

Under the FDA's unified Human Foods Program, our infant formulas are subject to comprehensive regulation, including premarket review by the Office of Critical Foods, adherence to labeling and nutrient content requirements overseen by the Nutrition Center of Excellence and the Office of Nutrition & Food Labeling, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice ("cGMP") and quality control procedures, and 90‑day premarket notification for formulations with fundamental changes in processing or composition. The FDA requires infant formula manufacturers to test product composition and safety during production and shelf-life, and to maintain detailed production, testing, distribution, and complaint records. The FDA inspects our infant formula manufacturing facilities and collects and analyzes samples of our infant formula. In March 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") launched Operation Stork Speed, an initiative focused on strengthening the safety, nutritional adequacy, transparency, and resilience of U.S. infant formula. This initiative intends to review the nutrients used in infant nutrition, expand testing for contaminants, enhance labelling expectations and will evaluate potential future regulatory updates. Although no new binding requirements have yet been finalized, resulting regulatory changes remain under evaluation and may affect future compliance and regulatory obligations for infant formula manufacturers. We actively monitor and adjust our processes to remain in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

Additionally, certain of our products are subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA"), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), and U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration ("DEA").

We are also subject to various other federal, state, non-governmental, and local agency rules and regulations, including among others: U.S. federal anti-bribery laws; Federal Trade Commission regulation of advertising and marketing of consumer goods; consumer product safety requirements; U.S. export and import laws and trade, customs and tariff policies; state and federal privacy laws and regulations; laws requiring certain pharmaceutical manufacturers to track and report payments to physicians and teaching hospitals; and non-governmental standard-setting organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO") and the United States Pharmacopoeia Convention, Inc. ("USP"). Compliance with the laws and regulations regarding the manufacture and sale of our current products and the discovery, development, and introduction of new products requires substantial effort, expense and capital investment.

In the U.S., government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, are important third-party payers for patients treated with our products. While these programs may cover OTC products under some circumstances, utilization of our products under these programs is limited. When covering our products, these programs regulate the amount pharmacies and other healthcare providers are paid for our products. We participate in multiple programs, and are subject to associated price reporting, payment, and other compliance obligations under each.

Regulation Outside the U.S.

We develop and manufacture products and market third-party manufactured products in regions outside the U.S., primarily Europe, Canada, and Australia, each of which has its own regulatory environment. Other regulatory agencies, organizations and legislation that may impact our business include, but are not limited to privacy regulations, transparency laws, anti-bribery laws, and rules and regulations on infant formula.

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European Union ("EU") Regulation

In the EU, as well as many other locations around the world, the manufacture and sale of medicinal products are subject to regulatory requirements similar to U.S. requirements, which generally prohibit the handling, manufacture, marketing, and importation of any medicinal product unless it is properly registered in accordance with applicable law. Obtaining approvals across EU member states can be complex, and health authorities may suspend or cancel registrations if a product is found harmful or ineffective, or if it is manufactured or marketed contrary to the conditions of registration. Notably, the following products are subject to the corresponding EU laws, standards, and regulations:

Medical Devices: To commercially distribute a medical device in the EU and affix the CE (Conformité Européenne) marking of conformity on such medical device, manufacturers must demonstrate conformity with the EU's Medical Device Regulation ("MDR") and applicable harmonized standards. Market access depends on completion of a conformity assessment, which varies by product type and typically includes manufacturer self-assessment and a third-party assessment by a Notified Body (an organization accredited by a member state under the EU's MDR). All devices must transition to MDR approvals by 2027–2028, with sell-off of existing products permitted until end of shelf life.

Dietary Supplements: Dietary supplements are subject to several regulations that inform the selection of ingredient levels and how products can be described on packaging and in advertising.

Cosmetics: Cosmetic products in the EU market are subject to several regulations that require manufacturers to prepare a product safety report prior to placing a cosmetic product in the market and to designate a “responsible person” to oversee compliance with the regulation’s reporting requirements. Such regulations also provide a common criteria and justification for claims to be used in the packaging and advertising of cosmetics products.

Biocides: Biocides in the EU market must comply with Regulation (EU) No. 528/2012, Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (EC) No. 1907/2006, and the Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation of Substances and Mixtures (EC) No. 1272/2008.

General Product Safety Directive: In addition to those EU directives for specific product groups, our products must comply with the General Product Safety Directive (2001/95/EC) governing safety and traceability (excluding pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and food), and failure to comply could result in fines and other penalties.

Additional Global Regulations and Considerations

We must comply with a variety of U.S. laws related to doing business outside of the U.S., including but not limited to, Office of Foreign Asset Controls; United Nations and EU sanctions; the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012; rules relating to the use of certain "conflict minerals" under Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; and regulations enforced by the U.S. Customs and Border Patrol. Changes in laws, regulations, and practices affecting the pharmaceutical industry and the healthcare system, including imports, exports, manufacturing, quality, cost, pricing, reimbursement, approval, inspection, and delivery of healthcare, may affect our business and operations. International sanctions and boycotts of our products could also impact our sales and ability to export our products.

Tax Regulations

Recent Changes to Tax Laws, Regulations and Related Interpretations

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”), which represents a coalition of member countries, has recommended changes to numerous long-standing tax principles. In particular, the OECD's Pillar Two initiative introduces a global per-country minimum tax of 15%. Pillar Two legislation has been enacted or substantively enacted in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We are in compliance with the OECD’s Pillar Two framework. After a comprehensive assessment, we have determined that there is no material impact on our financial results as a result of the implementation of the Pillar Two framework to date.

We believe that our existing global tax strategies will adequately address any necessary adjustments to comply with Pillar Two without significantly affecting our effective tax rate or overall financial position. We will continue to monitor regulatory developments to ensure ongoing compliance, but we do not anticipate any adverse effects on our operations or profitability due to the implementation of the Pillar Two framework to date.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law. The OBBBA includes significant changes to federal tax law and permanently extends or modifies various provisions from the 2017 Tax Cuts and

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Business

Jobs Act, including, but not limited to, deductions for federal bonus depreciation, domestic research and development expenditures, and certain changes, some taxpayer-favorable and others not, for determining the limitation on business interest expense. We evaluated the OBBBA provisions enacted and determined they resulted in a tax benefit of $21.7 million for 2025. The remaining provisions of the OBBBA have multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented over subsequent years. We are not anticipating the remaining provisions of the OBBBA to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our principal executive offices are located at The Sharp Building, Hogan Place, Dublin 2, D02 TY74, and our North American base of operations is located at 430 Monroe Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503. Our telephone number is +353 1 7094000. Our website address is www.perrigo.com. Our website and the information contained therein or linked thereto are not part of this Annual Report. We make available free of charge through our website our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, including any amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These filings are also available to the public at www.sec.gov.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

Operational Risks

•We face competition from other consumer packaged goods and pharmaceutical companies, which may threaten the demand for and pricing of our products.

•If we do not continue to develop, manufacture, and market innovative products, introduce new line extensions, and expand into adjacent categories that meet customer demands, our net sales may be negatively impacted and we may lose market share.

•We operate in highly regulated industries, and any inability to timely meet current or future regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

•Limitations on reimbursement, continuing healthcare reforms, and changes to reimbursement methods in the United States and other countries may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

•Unfavorable publicity or consumer perception of the safety, quality, and efficacy of our products could have a material adverse effect on our business.

•Lack of availability, or significant increases in the cost, of raw materials used in manufacturing our products could have a material adverse effect on our profit margins and operating results.

•Disruption of our supply chain, including as a result of pandemics, global health crises, wars or other civil unrest, including war in Ukraine, or in the Middle East, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

•A disruption at any of our main manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations.

•Our business could be negatively affected by the performance of our collaboration partners and suppliers, and any such adverse impact could be material.

•Our business depends upon certain customers for a significant portion of our sales, therefore our business would be adversely affected by a disruption of our relationship with these customers or any material adverse change in these customers' businesses.

•Our businesses could be adversely affected by deteriorating economic conditions in the countries in which we operate, shifts in the retail landscape, and changes in consumer behavior, and our results may be volatile due to these or other circumstances beyond our control.

•Our ability to achieve operating results in line with published guidance is inherently subject to significant uncertainties, and related stock-price volatility may heighten our susceptibility to investor lawsuits and activist shareholder activity.

•Our exposure to cybersecurity threats and third‑party information system vulnerabilities could result in a material adverse effect on our business.

•Our inability to timely and responsibly leverage emerging technologies, including generative artificial intelligence, could result in a material adverse effect on our business, and the use of emerging technologies generally could result in regulatory action, legal liability, operational challenges or reputational harm.

•We are subject to data privacy laws and regulations and our failure in compliance could result in a material adverse effect on our business.

•Management transition and our ability to attract and retain key personnel create uncertainties, which may negatively impact our business.

Strategic Risks

•We may not realize the benefits of business acquisitions, divestitures, and other strategic transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

•We have acquired significant assets that could become impaired or subject us to losses and may result in an adverse impact on our results of operations, which could be material.

•There can be no assurance that our business strategy and related strategic initiatives, including restructurings, will be executed effectively or achieve their intended effects.

•Failure to effectively monitor our strategies, initiatives and risks related to environmental, social, sustainability and governance matters, as well as any actual or perceived inability to satisfy the evolving and diverging requirements and expectations of our investors, customers, regulators, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders with respect to such matters may negatively affect our business and operations.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

•If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of shares could be adversely affected.

Global Risks

•Our business, financial condition, and results of operations are subject to risks arising from the international scope of our operations.

•We operate in jurisdictions that could be affected by economic and geopolitical instability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

•The international scope of our business exposes us to risks associated with foreign exchange rates.

Litigation and Insurance Risks

•We are and may become involved in lawsuits and may experience unfavorable outcomes of such proceedings.

•Increased scrutiny on pricing practices and competition, including antitrust enforcement activity by government agencies and class action litigation, may have an adverse impact on our business and operating results, which could be material.

•Third-party patents and other intellectual property rights may limit our ability to bring new products to market and may subject us to potential legal liability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

•The success of certain of our products depends on the effectiveness of measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights and patents.

•Significant increases in the cost or decreases in the availability of the insurance we maintain could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition. Disputes with insurers on the scope of existing policies may limit the coverage available under such policies.

Tax Related Risks

•The resolution of uncertain tax positions, including any ongoing disputes with U.S. and foreign tax authorities, could be unfavorable, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

•Changes to tax laws and regulations or the interpretation thereof could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the ability to utilize cash in a tax efficient manner.

•Our effective tax rate or cash tax payment requirements may change in the future, which could adversely impact our future results of operations.

Capital and Liquidity Risks

•Our indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to invest in our business and implement our strategic initiatives.

•We cannot guarantee that we will buy back our ordinary shares pursuant to our announced share repurchase plan or that our share repurchase plan will enhance long-term shareholder value.

•Any additional shares we may issue could dilute your ownership in the Company.

•We are incorporated in Ireland; Irish law differs from the laws in effect in the United States and may afford less protection to, or otherwise adversely affect, our shareholders.

•We may be limited in our ability to pay dividends in the future.

Operational Risks

We face competition from other consumer packaged goods and pharmaceutical companies, which may threaten the demand for and pricing of our products.

Our Perrigo-branded products compete against store brand, generic, and branded health and wellness products. In addition, our products sold under labels of others (store brand) compete against other store brands, generic, and branded health and wellness products. If we or our store brand customers are unable to compete successfully, our business may lose customers or face negative pricing pressures. In particular:

•Our CSCA and CSCI businesses experience direct competition from other companies, including brand name companies, that may try to prevent, discourage or delay the use of our products through various

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Risk Factors

measures, including introduction of new products, legislative initiatives, changing dosage forms or dosing regimens, regulatory processes, filing new patents or patent extensions, lawsuits, citizens’ petitions, and attempts to generate negative publicity prior to our introduction of a new competitive product. Moreover, other companies may produce the same products as us, sometimes sold at dramatically lower margins in order to gain market share. Other companies may also introduce new products or delivery techniques that make our current products less desirable.

•Our competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to changes in customer requirements or develop products comparable or superior to those offered by us at more competitive prices.

•Competition in the markets in which we operate may also be impacted by changes in regulations and government pricing programs that may give certain competitors an advantage.

If we do not continue to develop, manufacture, and market innovative products, introduce new line extensions, and expand into adjacent categories that meet customer demands, our net sales may be negatively impacted and we may lose market share.

The growth of our business is due in large part to our ability to develop, manufacture, and market products that meet customer requirements for quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. Margins for existing products tend to decline over time due to aging product life cycles, changes in consumer preferences, pricing pressure from customers, and increased competition. Accordingly, our business model relies heavily on the continuous introduction of innovative products and new product categories. If we do not continue to develop, manufacture, and market new products, or if we fail to stay current with the latest manufacturing information, and packaging technology, we could lose market share, and our net sales may be negatively affected.

The development and commercialization process, particularly with respect to innovative products, is both time consuming and costly, and subject to a high degree of business risk. Products currently under development may require re-design to meet evolving regulatory standards, may not perform as expected, may not pass required bioequivalence studies, or may be the subject of intellectual property challenges. Necessary regulatory approvals may not be obtained in a timely manner, if at all. Even if we are successful in developing a product, our customers' failure to launch one of our products successfully, or delays in manufacturing developed products, could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, regulatory agencies may impose higher standards or additional requirements, as a condition to clearing new products, such as requiring more supporting data and clinical data than previously required, which could negatively impact our net sales. In our CSCA business, we must prove that the regulated generic drug products are bioequivalent to their branded counterparts, which may require bioequivalence studies, and, in the case of topical products, even more extensive clinical endpoint trials to demonstrate their efficacy, and the failure to do so could negatively impact our sales.

We operate in highly regulated industries, and any inability to timely meet current or future regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

We operate in highly regulated industries in numerous countries and are subject to the regulations of a variety of U.S. and non-U.S. agencies related to the manufacturing, processing, formulation, packaging, labeling, testing, storing, distribution, import, export, advertising, and sale (including cost, pricing and reimbursement) of our products, as described in detail in Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Pricing. Changes in laws, regulations, and practices in the countries in which we operate, including changes in interpretation of existing regulations (which may have retroactive effect) and actual or possible government shutdowns, may be difficult or expensive for us to comply with, could restrict or delay our ability to manufacture, distribute, sell or market our products, and may adversely affect our revenue, operating results, and financial condition or impose significant administrative burdens. Moreover, changes in the interpretation of existing regulations or practices by such regulators could result in changes in the legal requirements affecting us (including with retroactive effect). Divergence in regulatory approach from country to country, and between the EU and individual member states, adds cost and complexity to the compliance framework; and differences in requirements and/or implementation dates in different jurisdictions may provide competitive advantages to manufacturers that operate in other locations. If our products fail to meet regulatory requirements, our sales may be adversely affected, we may incur fines and penalties, and our exposure to liability relating to product-based claims may increase. Below are some examples of ways in which regulatory risk may impact us:

•On July 14, 2021, the European Commission adopted a set of proposals to ensure polices are aligned with the goal of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 in comparison to 1990 (the "EU Green Deal"). As required under the Climate Law, the Commission also recommended, in February 2024, an additional intermediate target of 90% less emissions by 2040. There is a growing focus on environmental impact of self-care products, their ingredients, components, packaging, manufacturing, and disposal. This focus could lead to new requirements and restrictions in the coming years across all product categories.

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Risk Factors

•U.S. law encourages generic competition by providing eligibility for first generic marketing exclusivity if certain conditions are met. If we are granted generic exclusivity, the exclusivity may be shared with other companies; or we may forfeit 180-day exclusivity if we fail to obtain regulatory approval and begin marketing within the statutory requirements. If we are not the first to file our ANDA, the FDA may grant 180-day exclusivity to another company, thereby effectively delaying the launch of our product and/or possibly reducing our market share.

•U.S. and global regulatory agencies regularly inspect our manufacturing facilities and the facilities of our third-party suppliers for good manufacturing practices ("GMP") and other regulatory compliance. The failure of one of these facilities to comply with applicable laws and regulations may lead to a breach of representations made to our customers, or to regulatory or government action against us related to the facility or the products made in that facility, including suspension of or delay in regulatory approvals and product seizure, injunction, recall, suspension of production or distribution of our products, a total or partial shutdown of production in one or more facilities, remedial measures, loss of licenses or other governmental penalties, or civil or criminal prosecution, which could result in increased cost, lost revenue, or reputational damage.

•Regulatory agencies globally, including the FDA and the European Medicines Agency, have issued guidance on assessing and controlling nitrosamine impurities in medicine products. Global regulators have stated that the nitrosamine impurity topic is evolving. We are continuing to be actively engaged with the regulatory-based forums and associations to partner with, proactively contribute to, and respond accordingly to scientific advancements around nitrosamine impurities. As such, we continue to perform thorough risk assessments as outlined by guidance and initiating mitigation and control measures for any finding of nitrosamine impurities exceeding levels set by regulatory authorities. These control measures may include modifying the product formulation and/or conducting additional product testing. If such measures are not successful, product withdrawal may be required.

•Rx-to-OTC switches are part of our future growth. If regulatory agencies fail to approve Rx-to-OTC switches in new product categories or reassess the terms of existing OTC classifications, our growth prospects and product mix would be impaired. Further, regulatory agencies may reassess the terms of OTC classification if they perceive a shift in the previously assessed benefit/risk profile. Any such reassessment could lead to OTC products reverting to prescription. For example, Irish regulators are undertaking a formal review of non-prescription codeine products, which could result in the reclassification of codeine to prescription only after a brief transition period. A final opinion is expected in 2026. Sales of products containing OTC codeine in Ireland were approximately $24 million in 2025. Moreover, a reclassification by Ireland could lead to reviews in other jurisdictions as well.

•Our infant formula products may be subject to barriers or sanctions that limit international trade or dictate product composition. As governments impose new or more stringent regulations on the infant formula industry such as requiring additional testing, or compulsory batch-by-batch inspection, or revised manufacturing practice standards, our sales and operating margins in this category have been and could in the future be adversely affected as it is costly to comply with such new regulations or requirements, and to develop compliant products and processes for our infant formula products. For example, in March 2023, the FDA released its "Immediate National Strategy to Increase the Resiliency of the U.S. Infant Formula Market" and issued a letter to the powdered infant formula industry to share information to assist the industry in improving the microbiologic safety of powdered infant formula and resiliency of the infant formula market. In response to the FDA's evolving regulatory expectations on infant formula and observations at our facilities, we shortened our production campaigns to perform more frequent major cleanings, implemented enhanced product testing and quality procedures, adopted new manufacturing protocols, and made additional infrastructure investments. These measures have increased costs and reduced production volumes, and we expect higher compliance costs to continue. In March 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched Operation Stork Speed, a regulatory initiative aimed at strengthening the safety, quality, transparency, and resilience of the U.S. infant formula supply. This initiative intends to review the nutrients used in infant nutrition, expand testing for contaminants, enhance labelling expectations, and will evaluate potential future regulatory updates. In addition, Operation Stork Speed extends the FDA’s personal importation policy, which allows individuals to import certain infant formula products for personal use, thereby potentially increasing competitive pressures in the U.S. infant formula market. Together, these measures may introduce new compliance and regulatory obligations and may affect competitive dynamics in the U.S. market.

•The regulation of List I chemicals complicate our supply chain, and adverse regulatory actions may result in temporary or permanent interruption of distribution of our products, withdrawal of our products from the market, or other penalties. If we are unable to obtain necessary quotas for List I chemicals, we risk having delayed product launches or failing to meet commercial supply obligations.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

•In 2023, the European Parliament voted on a proposal to extend the EU's MDR transition periods until 2027-2028, together with an extended validity of existing medical device certificates and the possibility to sell off existing medical device products until end of shelf-life. With this decision the European Parliament took into account that there is currently a shortage in the number of Notified Bodies authorized to carry out conformity assessments required under MDR.

•Increased scrutiny of product classifications by government agencies can result in investigations and prosecutions, which carry the risk of significant civil and criminal penalties, including but not limited to, debarment from government business and prohibition to continue the business.

Limitations on reimbursement, continuing healthcare reforms, and changes to reimbursement methods in the United States and other countries may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Increasing healthcare expenditures have received considerable public attention in many of the countries in which we operate. In the U.S., government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, as well as private insurers, have been focused on cost containment. In some markets in the EU and outside the U.S., the government provides healthcare at low direct cost to consumers and regulates pharmaceutical prices or patient reimbursement levels to control costs for the government-sponsored healthcare system. Both private and governmental entities are seeking ways to reduce or contain healthcare costs through legislative and regulatory efforts, as further described in Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Pricing, which could place further pricing pressure on our products and could negatively impact our operating results.

Under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program ("MDRP"), a number of our products are considered non-innovator products and therefore subject to Medicaid federal upper limits ("FUL"), which restrict the amount state Medicaid programs reimburse for non-innovator covered outpatient drugs. While utilization of our products under the Medicaid program is limited, our products generally are subject to state Medicaid program payment methodologies, and may be subject to reimbursement pressures beyond our control.

Unfavorable publicity or consumer perception of the safety, quality, and efficacy of our products could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are dependent upon consumers' perception of the safety, quality, and efficacy of our products. Negative consumer perception of our products or certain ingredients may arise from media reports, social media posts, product liability claims, regulatory investigations or other government action, or recalls affecting our products or our industry, any of which may reduce demand or could damage our reputation and adversely affect our business.

•Our products involve risks such as product contamination, spoilage, mislabeling, and tampering that could require us to recall one or more of our products or could result in death or injury to consumers. Serious product quality concerns could also result in product liability lawsuits or governmental actions against us that, among other things, could result in additional costs, the suspension of production or distribution of our products, product seizures, loss of certain licenses, delays in the issuance of governmental approvals for new products, or other governmental penalties.

•We cannot guarantee that counterfeiting, imitation or other tampering with our products will not occur or that we will be able to detect and resolve it, which could lead to death or injury of consumers and negatively impact our reputation.

•Our nutritional product category is subject to certain consumer preferences and concerns, including the number of mothers who choose to use infant formula products rather than breastfeed their babies, which could change based on factors including increased promotion of the benefits of breastfeeding over the use of infant formula by private, public and government sources and changes in the number of families that are provided with infant formula by the U.S. federal government through the Women, Infants and Children program, which we do not participate in.

•With respect to our powdered infant formula products, a risk of contamination or deterioration may exist at each stage of the production cycle, including the purchase and delivery of raw materials, the processing and packaging of food products, and the use and handling by consumers, hospital personnel, and healthcare professionals. If certain of our infant formula products are found or alleged to have suffered contamination or deterioration, whether or not under our control, our reputation and our infant formula product category sales could be materially adversely affected. As described in Part II. Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in response to the warning letter from the FDA in August 2023 and additional inspection observations at our Wisconsin infant formula facility, we have implemented new protocols and made additional infrastructure investments to address these observations and expect to continue to make such changes. While all sites have returned to reliable, quality-assured production, we incurred certain extraordinary costs associated with the remediation and

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Risk Factors

enhancement actions, experienced increased production costs and reduced production volumes, and expect higher compliance costs to continue. Moreover, if we are unable to address the FDA's past or future observations to the FDA's satisfaction, we could incur additional compliance costs, and our reputation could be adversely affected if we are perceived by consumers to not be in compliance with such framework.

•Our financial success is dependent on positive brand recognition, which results in part from large investments in marketing over a period of years. The success of our brands may suffer if we do not continue to invest in marketing, or if our marketing plans or product initiatives are unsuccessful. In addition, an issue with one of our products could negatively affect the reputation of other products, potentially hurting our financial results.

•Negative social media posts or comments about us, store brands or generic pharmaceuticals, or our products could damage our reputation and adversely affect our business. Negative posts or comments about our products could result in increased pharmacovigilance reporting requirements, which may give rise to liability if we fail to fully comply with such requirements.

Lack of availability, or significant increases in the cost, of raw materials used in manufacturing our products could have a material adverse effect on our profit margins and operating results.

We rely on third parties to source many of our raw materials and to manufacture certain dosage forms that we distribute. Refer to Item 1. Business - Materials Sourcing. Certain raw materials may experience rapid cost increases due to increased labor, relevant commodities, tariffs and other trade restrictions, energy costs and other inflationary pressures, and this may have a material negative impact on our financial results, whether or not we are able to pass on such increases to our customers. We maintain several single-source supplier relationships, either because alternative sources are not available or because the relationship is advantageous due to regulatory, performance, quality, support, or price considerations. Unavailability or delivery delays of single-source components or products could adversely affect our ability to ship the related product in a timely manner, a particularly severe effect for higher volume or more profitable products. It can take substantial time and investment to qualify an alternative supplier or material sources and establish reliable supply.

We maintain a strict program of verification and product testing throughout the ingredient sourcing and manufacturing process to identify potential counterfeit ingredients, adulterants, and toxic substances. Nevertheless, discovery of previously unknown problems with raw materials, product manufacturing processes, or new data suggesting an unacceptable safety risk, could result in a voluntary or mandatory withdrawal of the contaminated product from the marketplace, either temporarily or permanently. Any future recall or removal would result in additional costs and lost revenue, harm our reputation, and may give rise to product liability litigation.

Changes in regulation could impact the supply of API and certain other raw materials used in our products. For example, the EU promulgated new standards requiring all API imported into the EU be certified as complying with Good Manufacturing Practices established by the EU. The regulations placed the certification requirement on the regulatory bodies of the exporting countries, which led to an API supply shortage in Europe as certain governments were not willing or able to comply with the regulation in a timely fashion, or at all. A shortage in API or other raw ingredients could cause us to have to cease manufacture of certain products, or to incur costs and delays to qualify other suppliers to substitute for those API manufacturers who are unable to export. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flow.

Moreover, our infant formula products require certain key raw ingredients that are derived from raw milk, which is influenced by factors beyond our control including seasonal and environmental factors, governmental agricultural and environmental policy, and global demand. Due to these factors, we cannot guarantee that there will be sufficient supplies of these key ingredients to produce infant formula.

Disruption of our supply chain, including as a result of pandemics, global health crises, wars or other civil unrest, including the war in Ukraine, or in the Middle East, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our ability to manufacture, deliver and sell our products is critical to our success. Damage or disruption to our collective supply or distribution capabilities resulting from pandemics and other health crises, including government responses thereto, labor shortages, armed hostilities, border closures, weather conditions, freight carrier availability, any potential effects of climate change, natural disasters, strikes or other labor unrest or other reasons could impair our ability to manufacture, source inputs, ship, sell or timely deliver our products. Competitors can be affected differently by any of these events depending on a number of factors, including the location of their suppliers and operations. Failure to take adequate steps to reduce the likelihood or mitigate the potential impact of any of these events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, particularly when a commodity or raw material is sourced from or a product is manufactured at a single location, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and require additional resources to restore our supply chain.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

As the war in Ukraine continues, supply chain disruptions in specific categories such as oil, agricultural and paper based commodities continue to lead to inflationary pressures in those areas. Any escalation of the conflict could lead to wider disruptions in our supply chain or have larger macroeconomic effects. Additionally, the conflict in the Middle East could impact our supply of API. Israel is a global technology research and development center that plays a critical role to the global API market, as a number of key suppliers are located within Israel. Perrigo sources raw materials and finished goods from suppliers in Israel for certain self-care products, including Omeprazole. There is potential for disruption as it relates to in-country logistics, including freight. As a precaution, Perrigo has engaged alternate suppliers to help minimize a potential supply disruption. Although there has not been any material impact on operations and we believe we have a strong mitigation plan in place, the conflict in the Middle East remains active and fluid and we could experience disruptions to our API supply. Future supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures from the continuation of the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, and escalating conflicts in the Middle East and neighboring regions, are uncertain. Given the international scope of our operations, such effects of ongoing wars and armed conflicts, and others we cannot anticipate, could adversely affect our business, business opportunities, operations, and financial results.

As the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated, the global economy and the self-care markets in which we compete are susceptible to impacts from public health crises. Future public health incidents could materially impact demand, operations, supply chains, and liquidity, depending on severity, duration, and mitigation effectiveness. The magnitude of any such adverse impacts are not determinable.

A disruption at any of our main manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations.

Our manufacturing operations are concentrated in a few locations. Refer to Item 1. Business - Manufacturing and Distribution for more information. A significant disruption at one or more of these facilities, whether due to fire, natural disaster, power loss, intentional acts of vandalism, climate change, war, terrorism, insufficient quality, or pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our business could be negatively affected by the performance of our collaboration partners and suppliers, and any such adverse impact could be material.

We have entered into strategic alliances with partners and suppliers to develop, manufacture, market and/or distribute certain products, or components of our products in various markets. We commit substantial effort, funds and other resources to these various collaborations. There is a risk that our investments in these collaborative arrangements will not generate the anticipated financial returns. While we believe our relationships with our partners and suppliers generally are successful, disputes, conflicting priorities or regulatory or legal intervention could be a source of delay or uncertainty as to the expected benefit of the collaboration. A failure or inability of our partners or suppliers to fulfill their collaboration obligations, or the occurrence of any of the risks above, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our business depends upon certain customers for a significant portion of our sales, therefore our business would be adversely affected by a disruption of our relationship with these customers or any material adverse change in these customers' businesses.

We have one significant customer that represented 12.9% of our consolidated net sales for the year ended December 31, 2025. While we have other important customers, no other individual customer represents more than 10% of net sales. However, the loss of one or more of our customers could be material. We believe we have good relationships with all our customers. If our relationship with any of our significant customers, including the terms of doing business with the customers, changes significantly, or if one or more such customers were to experience difficulty in paying us on a timely basis, it could have a material adverse impact on us. The risk of such impacts would be increased by continued consolidation in the sector in which our customers operate. Refer to Item 1. Business - Significant Customers.

Additionally, if we are unable to maintain adequately high levels of customer service over time, customers may choose to assess penalties (where such penalties are contractually permitted), obtain alternate sources for products, and/or end their relationships with us.

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Risk Factors

Our businesses could be adversely affected by deteriorating economic conditions in the countries in which we operate, shifts in the retail landscape, and changes in consumer behavior, and our results may be volatile due to these or other circumstances beyond our control.

Our customers could be adversely impacted if economic conditions worsen in the U.S. or other countries in which we operate. In the U.S., our consumer self-care business does not advertise our store brand products like national brand companies and thus, is largely dependent on retailer promotional activities to drive sales volume and increase market share. If our customers do not have the ability to invest in store brand promotional activities, our sales may suffer. Additionally, while we actively review the credit worthiness of our customers and suppliers, we cannot fully predict to what extent they may be negatively impacted by slowing economic growth. Our stock price has declined and may continue to decline due to any earnings release or guidance that does not meet market expectations or other circumstances, which may be beyond our control, such as the severity, length and timing of the cough/cold/flu and allergy seasons, the timing of new product approvals and introductions by us and our competitors, and the timing of retailer promotional programs.

Changes in the retail landscape and consumer behavior may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The increasing prevalence of alternative sales channels, such as e‑commerce, direct‑to‑consumer online brands, subscription services, and buying clubs, together with evolving consumer preferences, demand patterns, shopping behaviors, and consumption levels, may result in pressure on pricing, and shift market share in ways that are difficult to predict. These dynamics could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our performance is also dependent on discretionary consumer spending, which is influenced by factors beyond our control, including general economic and political conditions, consumer confidence, interest rates, inflation, tax rates, credit availability, employment levels, and housing and financial market conditions. Deterioration in any of these factors could reduce customer spending and adversely affect our net sales and profitability. Our performance is also influenced by consumer trends, habits, and preferences. A shift away from traditional medicine or changes in other preferences could diminish demand for our products and reduce sales. As a result of these and other risks and uncertainties, our future sales, earnings, and cash flows could be volatile and vary materially from our expectations, including our published guidance.

Our ability to achieve operating results in line with published guidance is inherently subject to significant uncertainties, and related share-price volatility may heighten our susceptibility to investor lawsuits and activist shareholder activity.

Our financial projections, including any sales, earnings guidance, or outlook we may provide to investors from time to time, are forward-looking statements based on estimates and assumptions that are uncertain and subject to risks, contingencies, and factors beyond our control. These estimates and assumptions may be adversely affected by the risks described in this Report and by other uncertainties, and actual results may vary and differ materially from those expressed or implied by such projections or guidance. Any failure to meet market expectations, or change to, our projections or guidance may adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares.

It has become increasingly commonplace for investors to file lawsuits against companies following a rapid decrease in share price. We have been in the past, are currently, and may be in the future, named in these types of lawsuits, which can be costly and divert management attention and other resources away from our business, regardless of their merits, and could result in adverse settlements or judgments, which could have a material impact on our reputation, business, and results of operation.

A decline in our share price may also increase our vulnerability to activist shareholder actions. Responding to activist campaigns or a potential proxy contest may require significant time, attention, and resources from management and our Board and may result in substantial legal, advisory, and administrative expenses. Investor perception of activist activity may also increase share price volatility, and the associated distraction and resource demands could impede our ability to execute our business strategy and related strategic initiatives, adversely affecting our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our exposure to cybersecurity threats and third‑party information system vulnerabilities could result in a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business operations are increasingly dependent upon information technology systems that are highly complex, interrelated with our external business partners, and may contain confidential information (including personal data, trade secrets or other intellectual property, or proprietary business information). The nature of digital systems, both internally and externally, makes them potentially vulnerable to disruption or damage from human error and/or security breaches, which include, but are not limited to, ransomware, data theft, denial of service attacks, sabotage,

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Risk Factors

industrial espionage, interruptions or other system issues, unauthorized access and computer viruses. Such events may be difficult to detect, and once detected, their impact may be difficult to assess and address.

Cyber-attacks have become increasingly common. We have experienced immaterial business disruption, monetary loss and data loss as a result of phishing, business email compromise and other types of attacks. In addition, the rapid evolution and increased adoption of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, may intensify our cybersecurity risks. While we continue to employ resources to monitor our systems and protect our infrastructure, these measures may prove insufficient, and that could subject us to significant risks, including, without limitation:

•Ransomware attacks, other cyber breaches or disruptions that impair our ability to develop products, meet regulatory approval requirements or deadlines, produce or ship products, take or fulfill orders, and/or collect or make payments on a timely basis;

•System issues, whether as a result of an intentional breach, a natural disaster or human error that damage our reputation and cause us to lose customers, experience lower sales volume, and/or incur significant liabilities;

•Significant expense to remediate the results of any attack or breach and to ensure compliance with any required disclosures mandated by the numerous global privacy and security laws and regulations; and

•Interruptions, security breaches, loss, misappropriation, or unauthorized access, use or disclosure of confidential information,

which, individually or collectively, could result in financial, legal, business or reputational harm to us and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our inability to timely and responsibly leverage emerging technologies, including generative artificial intelligence, could result in a material adverse effect on our business, and the use of emerging technologies generally could result in regulatory action, legal liability, operational challenges or reputational harm.

Our ability to identify, adopt, and effectively integrate emerging technologies, including generative artificial intelligence (“AI”), into our product development, services, and operations is an important factor in maintaining our competitiveness. If we are unable to timely and responsibly leverage such technologies, our operating results, and growth prospects could be adversely affected. Increased use of AI introduces certain risks, including heightened exposure to cybersecurity threats, data privacy and intellectual property concerns, algorithmic errors or bias leading to flawed outputs or poor decision-making, and increased third-party dependency risks. Additionally, the legal and regulatory landscape governing AI is rapidly evolving in the United States and globally. Changes in, or noncompliance with, applicable laws, regulations, standards, and industry guidance could result in increased compliance costs, operational constraints, liability, or reputational harm. While we have implemented, and expect to continue enhancing, governance, security, and quality control measures related to the use of AI and other emerging technologies, these measures may not be effective in all cases, and we may incur significant costs or face unanticipated consequences as these technologies and their regulatory frameworks continue to develop.

We are subject to data privacy laws and regulations and our failure in compliance could result in a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to numerous laws and regulations designed to protect personal data, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act and other similar state laws in the U.S., the U.K.'s Data Protection Act of 2018 and the European General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"). These data protection laws introduced more stringent data protection requirements and significant potential fines, as well as increased our responsibility and potential liability in relation to personal data that we process and possess. Compliance with such laws requires significant time and resources and may impose significant challenges that are likely to continue to increase over time, particularly as additional regulatory agencies adopt similar or new requirements. We have put mechanisms in place to ensure compliance with applicable data protection laws, but there can be no guarantee of their effectiveness. For more information regarding our cybersecurity activities, please refer to Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

Management transition and our ability to attract and retain key personnel create uncertainties which may negatively impact our business.

Our success depends on attracting, developing, and retaining qualified leaders and other key employees. Competition for skilled personnel and leaders within and outside of our industry is high, and we may be unable to hire or retain needed talent. We have experienced significant changes to our leadership team over the past several years. Loss of key personnel, vacancies in critical roles, or organizational changes, including leadership transitions and succession planning, creates uncertainty and could disrupt operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

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Risk Factors

During 2025, the Company undertook organizational changes to streamline its leadership structure and align the organization around global categories. In connection with these changes, the Company discontinued the roles of Executive Vice President and President for each of the CSCI and CSCA segments. The Company appointed Roberto Khoury as Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer, with responsibility for operating results for the CSCI and CSCA segments. These actions are intended to advance the Company’s multi-year Stabilize, Streamline and Strengthen plan and reflect the Company’s operational readiness. Although we believe these leadership transitions are in the best interest of our stakeholders, any change in executive management creates uncertainty.

Evolving labor market conditions including wage inflation, labor shortages, changes in immigration laws and policies, and preferences for remote or flexible work, may increase costs, constrain staffing, and reduce the effectiveness of our talent programs.

Strategic Risks

We may not realize the benefits of business acquisitions, divestitures, and other strategic transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

In the normal course of business, we engage in discussions relating to possible acquisitions, divestitures, and other strategic transactions, some of which may be significant in size or impact. Transactions of this nature create substantial demands on management, operational resources, technology, and financial and internal control systems, and can be subject to government approvals or other closing conditions beyond the parties' control. In the case of acquisitions, we may face difficulties with integrating these businesses, managing expanded operations, achieving operating or financial synergies in expected timeframes or in new products or geographic markets. In the case of divestitures, including the disposition of the Rare Diseases Business and the separation of the Rx business, we may face difficulty in effectively transferring contracts, obligations, facilities, and personnel to the purchaser, while minimizing continued exposure to risks and liabilities of the divested business. Moreover, the agreement for the sale of the Rare Diseases Business provided for up to €85 million in potential earnout payments based on the Rare Diseases Business achieving certain sales milestones. Should the business not perform up to these standards, we may not receive some or all of the earnout payments.

There are inherent uncertainties involved in identifying and assessing the value, strengths, and profit potential, as well as the weaknesses, risks, and contingent and other liabilities of acquisition targets, which can be affected by risks and uncertainties relating to government regulations and oversight as well as changes in business, industry, market or general economic conditions. For example, after our acquisition of Nestlé’s Gateway infant formula plant along with the U.S. and Canadian rights to the GoodStart® infant formula brand and other related formula brands ("Gateway"), in response to the FDA's evolving regulatory expectations on infant formula and observations at our facilities, we have shortened our production campaigns to perform more frequent major cleanings and implemented enhanced product testing and quality procedures, resulting in increased production costs and reduced production volumes of infant formula than previously anticipated.

Moreover, the financing of any acquisition can have a material impact on our liquidity, credit ratings and financial position. Alternatively, issuing equity to pay all or a portion of acquisition purchase price would dilute our existing shareholders.

Acquisitions and divestitures also involve costs, including fees and expenses of financial advisors, lawyers, accountants, and other professionals, and can involve retention bonuses and other additional compensation of employees or increase turnover in personnel. Any of these risks or expenses could have a negative effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

During fiscal year 2025, we commenced a strategic review of our oral care business and infant formula business and began exploring a range of strategic alternatives for those businesses. There can be no assurance that these strategic reviews will result in any particular outcome or transaction, or as to the timing thereof.

We have acquired significant assets that could become impaired or subject us to losses and may result in an adverse impact on our results of operations, which could be material.

We have recorded significant goodwill and intangible assets on our balance sheet as a result of previous acquisitions, which could become impaired and lead to material charges in the future.

We perform an impairment analysis on intangible assets subject to amortization when there is an indication that the carrying amount of any individual asset may not be recoverable. Any significant change in market conditions,

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Risk Factors

estimates or judgments used to determine expected future cash flows that indicates a reduction in carrying value may give rise to impairment in the period that the change becomes known. Goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible asset, and definite-lived intangible asset impairments are recorded in Impairment charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2025, the net book value of our goodwill and intangible assets were $2.1 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively. In the past three years, we have recognized a total of $1,542.0 million in asset impairments, across all segments and asset categories. Indicators of impairment are difficult to predict, particularly in the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. Because goodwill and intangible assets represent a significant portion of our total assets, any impairment charge could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in the period recognized, and could adversely affect the market value of our common stock and/or our outstanding debt securities. Refer to Item 8. Note 10 for additional information related to our goodwill and intangible assets.

There can be no assurance that our business strategy and related strategic initiatives, including restructurings, will be executed effectively or achieve their intended effects.

Our success is dependent in large part on our ability to implement our One Perrigo strategy and business model successfully. We continue to invest in initiatives, including innovation, information systems and tools, and our people to drive consistent and sustainable results. We believe these initiatives will reduce operating costs and/or enhance our net sales, operating margins, and earnings. Certain of these initiatives require substantial management time and effort and costs during implementation, and there can be no assurance any of these initiatives will produce the anticipated benefits. Any increase in such costs or delay or failure to achieve the anticipated benefits could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition. For example, the Company previously disclosed that it initiated a strategic review of its infant formula and oral care businesses to assess a full range of alternatives, and there are no assurances that any such alternatives may achieve its intended objective.

Failure to effectively monitor our strategies, initiatives, and risks related to environmental, social, sustainability and governance matters, as well as any actual or perceived inability to satisfy the evolving and diverging requirements and expectations of our investors, customers, regulators, employees, suppliers and other stakeholders with respect to such matters, may negatively affect our business and operations.

Regulatory developments and stakeholder expectations relating to environmental, social, sustainability and governance matters are rapidly changing. There has been increasing scrutiny over climate, corporate diversity and other environmental, social and sustainability topics in the markets we serve, resulting in, and among other responses, new and changing laws, regulations and policies regarding these topics that may result in increased costs and disruption to operations. For example, the European Union has adopted mandatory sustainability report and due diligence requirements under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (“CSRD”) and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive ("CSDDD"). While certain jurisdictions in which we operate have adopted or proposed similar laws, regulations or policies, other jurisdictions have adopted or proposed diverging or conflicting laws, regulations or policies. Our actual or perceived inability to comply with all applicable law, regulation or policies, including on environmental, social, sustainability and governance matters, could increase our exposure to legal and reputational risks and have a material adverse effect on our business.

Moreover, stakeholder expectations are not uniform on these matters and continue to diverge across different jurisdictions, and we may be unable to satisfy the varying expectations of all relevant policymakers and other stakeholders and any actual or perceived failure to successfully navigate such expectations may expose us to negative publicity, shareholder activism, litigation or other engagement from stakeholders, as well as the potential for investigations and enforcement by governmental authorities. If we are unable to adequately respond to such developments, including by adapting existing practices and procedures to changing requirements, some of which may be conflicting, we may miss corporate opportunities, become subject to regulatory or market scrutiny, and be exposed to legal reputational, operational and financial risks.

We have set goals and commitments related to climate and other sustainability issues. Given the varied and evolving expectations of our stakeholders, there can be no assurance that such goals and commitments will align with the expectations of all relevant stakeholders. In addition, there are many factors, including factors outside of our control, that impact our ability to achieve any goals or commitments we set with respect to these matters. Any

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Risk Factors

failure or perceived failure to achieve our sustainability goals or to act responsibly with respect to such matters may negatively impact our operations and/or financial condition.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of shares could be adversely affected.

As a publicly traded company, we are required to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in our internal control. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the accuracy and completeness of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. We spend a substantial amount of management and other employee time and resources to comply with laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure. In particular, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires management’s annual review and evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting and attestation as to the effectiveness of these controls by our independent registered public accounting firm. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting.

Global Risks

Our business, financial condition, and results of operations are subject to risks arising from the international scope of our operations.

We manufacture, source raw materials, and sell our products in a number of countries. The percentage of our business outside the U.S. has been increasing. We are subject to risks associated with international manufacturing and sales, including changes in regulatory requirements. Refer to Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Pricing.

In 2025, the U.S government imposed new and additional tariffs on a significant number of countries and threatened to further increase the scope and amount of tariffs in the event of retaliatory countermeasures. The future of these current tariffs, and the possibility for new tariffs which could include ones specifically targeting pharmaceuticals, under which many of our U.S. OTC self-care products may be classified, remains uncertain. In February 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down certain tariffs previously imposed by the U.S. government, but the U.S. government has expressed an intention to reinstate and in certain cases increase tariffs in response. The timing, scope, duration, and potential exemptions associated with these new tariffs remain subject to further administrative action and clarification.

The U.S. Department of Commerce initiated an investigation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, to determine the effects of importing pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical ingredients on national security. While no specific action has been taken to date, this investigation may lead to the imposition of tariffs on pharmaceutical imports, consistent with the current U.S. administration's stated policy objective of reshoring pharmaceutical manufacturing to the United States. Through fiscal year 2025, these new tariffs and trade policies have had a significant impact on our results of operations and the impact of these tariffs has materially increased the cost of goods for our products and materials sourced from other countries, particularly China. Given the recent invalidation of prior tariffs and the imposition of new temporary tariffs, our cost structure remains subject to rapid and unpredictable change, and we expect continued material impacts on our U.S. business. The Supreme Court did not determine whether duties paid under the invalidated tariff regime must be refunded, further contributing to uncertainty regarding historical and future cost of goods sold.

As a result of these dynamic conditions and uncertainties, we have modified, and may further modify, our operations and strategic initiatives, including by adjusting our investment priorities, reallocating resources, or delaying specific initiatives, such as deferring capital expenditures on the Nutrition Network Optimization project, initiating an enterprise-wide operational enhancement program, and seeking further working capital improvements. If we are unable to mitigate these increased costs through supply chain adjustments, pricing strategies or other measures, these costs, as well as the costs incurred in implementing these measures, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and cash flows from operations.

We cannot predict the extent to which other countries will impose duties, tariffs, taxes or other similar restrictions upon the import or export of goods and materials in the future, nor can we predict future U.S. trade policy, including the potential continued regulatory forbearance allowing imported infant formulas in the United States, or the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements and their impact on our business.

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Risk Factors

Similarly, we cannot predict which of our products will be impacted by tariffs or eligible for exceptions under existing or future trade agreements. In addition, in response to tariffs announced by the United States, other countries have implemented, and may implement additional, retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods. Political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technology exchanges, and other economic activities between major international economies. In addition, elevated tariffs or trade restrictions, or the expectation of such changes, could increase inflation or unemployment and reduce consumers' disposable income and spending. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could result in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, which could in turn have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.

Additionally, we are subject to periodic reviews and audits by governmental authorities responsible for administering import and export regulations. To the extent that we are unable to successfully defend against an audit or review, we may be required to pay assessments, penalties, and increased duties.

Certain of our facilities operate in a special purpose sub-zone established by the U.S. Department of Commerce Foreign Trade Zone Board, which allows us certain tax advantages on products and raw materials shipped through these facilities. If the Foreign Trade Zone Board were to revoke the sub-zone designation or limit our use, we could be subject to increased duties.

Although we believe that we conduct our business in compliance with applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery and economic sanctions laws, if we are found to not be in compliance with such laws or other anti-corruption laws, we could be subject to governmental investigations, legal or regulatory proceedings, substantial fines, and/or other legal or equitable penalties. This risk increases in locations outside of the U.S., particularly in locations that have not previously had to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), U.K. Bribery Act 2010, Irish Criminal Justice (Corruption Offenses) Act 2018, and similar laws.

We operate in jurisdictions that could be affected by economic and geopolitical instability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our operations and supply partners could be affected by economic or political instability, embargoes, military hostilities, unstable governments and legal systems, inter-governmental disputes, travel restrictions, terrorist acts, and other armed conflicts. The global nature of our business involves the following risks, among others:

•The U.S. Department of State and other governments have at times issued advisories regarding travel to certain countries in which we do business, causing regulatory agencies to curtail or prohibit their inspectors from traveling to inspect facilities. If these inspectors are unable to inspect our facilities, the regulatory agencies could withhold approval for new products intended to be produced at those facilities.

•As a result of the exit of the U.K. from the E.U. (“Brexit”), which occurred in 2020, we continue to experience uncertainty surrounding certain of our businesses. While the E.U. and U.K. ratified a Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the “TCA”) that sets forth a framework for cooperation between the E.U. and U.K., including the mutual recognition of GMP inspections of manufacturing facilities for medicinal products, it does not contain wholesale mutual recognition of pharmaceutical regulations and product standards, and the E.U. and the U.K. continue to amend legislation and regulations post-Brexit. We continue to monitor for divergence between E.U. and U.K. regulations that could negatively impact our supply chain operations or other product development or sales operations.

•Moreover, financial volatility and geopolitical instability outside the U.S. may impact our operations or affect global markets. Refer to “Risk Factors—Operational Risks—Disruption of our supply chain, including as a result of pandemics, global health crises, or wars or other civil unrest, including war in Ukraine, or in the Middle East, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.”

The international scope of our business exposes us to risks associated with foreign exchange rates.

We report our financial results in U.S. dollars. However, a significant portion of our revenues, expenses, assets, indebtedness and other liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies. These currencies include, among others, the Euro, British pound, Canadian dollar, Swedish Krona, Chinese Yuan, Danish Krone, and Polish Zloty. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates, including as a result of inflation, central bank monetary policies, currency controls or other currency exchange restrictions have had, and could continue to have, an adverse impact on our financial performance. We may seek to mitigate the risk of such impacts through hedging, but such hedging activities may be costly and may not be effective.

In addition, emerging market economies in which we operate may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of rising interest rates, inflationary pressures, weaker oil and other commodity prices, and large external deficits. Risks in one country can limit our opportunities for portfolio growth and negatively affect our operations in another country or

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Risk Factors

countries. Such conditions or developments could have an adverse impact on our operations. In addition, we may be exposed to credit risks in some of those markets.

Litigation and Insurance Risks

We are and may become involved in lawsuits and may experience unfavorable outcomes of such proceedings.

We are and may become involved in lawsuits arising from a wide variety of commercial, manufacturing, development, marketing, sales and other business-related matters, including, but not limited to, competitive issues, pricing, contract issues, intellectual property matters, false advertising, antitrust or unfair competition, taxation matters, workers' compensation, product quality/recall, environmental remediation, securities law, disclosure, product liability and regulatory issues. Litigation is unpredictable and could result in potentially significant monetary damages, and we could incur substantial legal expenses, even if a claim against us is unsuccessful. We intend to vigorously defend against any lawsuits, however, we cannot predict how the cases will be resolved. Adverse results in, or settlements of, such cases could result in substantial monetary judgments. No assurance can be made that litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial position or results of operations in the future. Refer to Item 8. Note 20.

The actual or alleged presence of certain hazardous substances or petroleum products on, under or in our currently or formerly owned property, or from a third-party disposal facility that we may have used, or the failure to remediate them, could have adverse effects, including, for example, substantial investigative or remedial obligations and limitations on our ability to sell or rent affected property or to borrow funds using affected property as collateral. There can be no assurance that environmental liabilities and costs will not have a material adverse effect on us. Refer to Item 1. Business - Environmental for more information related to environmental remediation matters.

Increased scrutiny on pricing practices and competition, including antitrust enforcement activity by government agencies and class action litigation, may have an adverse impact on our business and operating results, which could be material.

There has been increased scrutiny regarding sales, marketing, and pricing practices, including criminal antitrust investigations regarding drug pricing, civil False Claims Act investigations relating to drug pricing and marketing, multiple civil antitrust litigation initiated by governmental and private plaintiffs against pharmaceutical manufacturers and individuals, and related media reports.

Perrigo has been named as a co-defendant with certain other generic manufacturers in a number of class action, individual plaintiff direct action, State Attorney General, and county lawsuits alleging that we engaged in anti-competitive behavior to fix or raise the prices of certain drugs starting, in some instances, as early as calendar year 2010. Refer to Item 8. Note 20. While we intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously, any adverse decision could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and reputation.

In addition, in May 2018, Perrigo was also served with and responded to a civil investigative demand in connection with a related civil False Claims Act investigation by the Civil Division of the Department of Justice. Although no charges or other related civil claims have been brought to date against Perrigo or any of our current employees (or, to the best of our knowledge, former employees), by the Department of Justice, we take the investigation very seriously.

Third-party patents and other intellectual property rights may limit our ability to bring new products to market and may subject us to potential legal liability, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

The manufacture, use and sale of new products that are the subject of conflicting patent rights have been the subject of substantial litigation in the self-care and pharmaceutical industries.

•As a manufacturer of generic products, the ability of our CSCA and CSCI businesses to bring new products to market is often limited by third-party patents or proprietary rights and regulatory exclusivity periods awarded on products. Launching new products prior to resolution of intellectual property issues may result in us incurring legal liability if the related litigation is later resolved against us. The cost and time for us to develop Rx-to-OTC switch products is significantly greater than the rest of the new products that we introduce. Any failure to bring new products to market in a timely manner could cause us to lose market share, and our operating results could suffer.

•We may have to defend against charges that we infringed patents or violated proprietary rights of third parties. This could require us to incur substantial expense and could divert significant effort of our technical

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Risk Factors

and management personnel. If we are found to have infringed rights of others, we could lose our right to develop or manufacture some products or could be required to pay monetary damages or royalties to license proprietary rights from third parties. Additionally, if we choose to settle a dispute through licensing or similar arrangements, the costs associated with these arrangements may be substantial and could include ongoing royalties. An adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from manufacturing and selling a number of our products.

•At times, our CSCA business may seek approval to market drug products before the expiration of a third party's patents for therapeutically equivalent products, based upon our belief that such patents are invalid, unenforceable or would not be infringed by our products. In these cases, we may face significant patent litigation. Depending upon a complex analysis of a variety of legal and commercial factors, we may, in certain circumstances, elect to market a store brand or generic product while litigation is pending, before any court decision, or while an appeal of a lower court decision is pending, known as an "at risk" launch. The risk involved in an "at risk" launch can be substantial because, if a patent holder ultimately prevails, the remedies available to the patent holder may include, among other things, damages measured by the profits lost by the holder, which are often significantly higher than the profits we make from selling the generic version of the product. By electing to proceed in this manner, we could face substantial damages if we receive an adverse final court decision. In the case where a patent holder is able to prove that our infringement was "willful" or "exceptional," under applicable law, the patent holder may be awarded up to three times the amount of its actual damages or we may be required to pay attorneys’ fees.

The success of certain of our products depends on the effectiveness of measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights and patents.

If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may manufacture and market similar products.

•We have been issued patents covering certain of our products, and we have filed, and expect to continue to file, patent applications seeking to protect newly developed technologies and products in various countries. Any existing or future patents issued to or licensed by us may not provide us with any significant competitive advantages for our products or may even be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by competitors. In addition, patent rights may not prevent our competitors from developing, using, or commercializing non-infringing products that are similar or functionally equivalent to our products.

•We also rely on trade secrets, unpatented proprietary know-how, and continuing technological innovation that we seek to protect, in part by confidentiality agreements with licensees, suppliers, employees, and consultants. If these agreements are breached, we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. Disputes may arise concerning the ownership of intellectual property or the applicability of confidentiality agreements. Furthermore, trade secrets and proprietary technology may otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors or, if patents are not issued with respect to products arising from research, we may not be able to maintain the value of such intellectual property rights.

Significant increases in the cost or decreases in the availability of the insurance we maintain could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition. Disputes with insurers on the scope of existing policies may limit the coverage available under such policies.

To protect against various potential liabilities, we maintain a variety of insurance programs, including property, general, product, and directors' and officers' liability. We may reevaluate and change the types and levels of insurance coverage that we purchase. Insurance costs, including deductible or retention amounts, may increase, or our coverage could be reduced, which could lead to an adverse effect on our financial results depending on the nature of a loss and the level of insurance coverage we maintained. Moreover, we are self-insured when insurance is not available, not offered at economically reasonable premiums or does not adequately cover claims brought against us. Our business inherently exposes us to claims, and an unanticipated payment of a large claim may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may also disagree with our insurers on the scope of coverage provided. For example, in May 2021, insurers on multiple policies of Director & Officer insurance filed an action in the High Court in Dublin against us and our current and former directors and officers seeking declaratory judgments on certain coverage issues. While we were successful in the High Court action, and ultimately reached a settlement of this matter while it was on appeal, as noted in Item 8. Note 20, future disputes with insurers regarding the scope of coverage under the existing or future policies may result in reductions in coverage or increased costs.

Tax Related Risks

The resolution of uncertain tax positions, including any ongoing disputes with U.S. and foreign tax

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

authorities, could be unfavorable, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable and our tax filings are prepared in accordance with applicable tax laws, the final determination with respect to any tax audit or any related litigation could be materially different from our estimates or from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material effect on operating results or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made and in future periods after the determination. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties or interest assessments. See Item 8. Note 19 for a description of current audits and adjustment-related disputes and related litigation.

Changes to tax laws and regulations or the interpretation thereof could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the ability to utilize cash in a tax efficient manner.

Although we are incorporated in Ireland, the IRS may assert that we should be treated as a U.S. corporation (and, therefore, a U.S. tax resident) for U.S. federal tax purposes pursuant to section 7874 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Code"). For U.S. federal tax purposes, a corporation generally is considered a tax resident in the jurisdiction of its organization or incorporation. Because we are an Irish incorporated entity, we would generally be classified as a foreign corporation (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under these rules. Section 7874 of the Code provides an exception under which a foreign incorporated entity may, in certain circumstances, be treated as a U.S. corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes.

We believe that under current law, we should be treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes. However, an unfavorable determination on Perrigo Company plc’s treatment as a foreign corporation under section 7874 of the Code or changes to the inversion rules in section 7874 of the Code, the IRS Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, or other IRS guidance and legislative proposals aimed at expanding the scope of U.S. corporate tax residence could adversely affect our status as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes, which could have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.

Additionally, we are subject to tax laws in various jurisdictions globally. Refer to Item 1. Business - Government Regulation and Pricing for a discussion of recent changes to U.S. and EU tax laws. Any of these changes could have a prospective or retroactive application to us, our shareholders, and affiliates, and could adversely affect us by changing our effective tax rate and limiting our ability to utilize cash in a tax efficient manner.

Our effective tax rate or cash tax payment requirements may change in the future, which could adversely impact our future results of operations.

A number of factors may adversely impact our future effective tax rate or cash tax payment requirements, which may impact our future results and cash flows from operations. Refer to Item 8. Note 19. These factors include, but are not limited to: changes to income tax rates, to tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws (including additional proposals for fundamental international tax reform globally); the jurisdictions in which our profits are determined to be earned and taxed; changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; adjustments to our interpretation of transfer pricing standards, treatment or characterization of intercompany transactions, changes in available tax credits, grants and other incentives; changes in stock-based compensation expense; changes in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; expiration or the inability to renew tax rulings or tax holiday incentives; and divestitures of current operations.

Capital and Liquidity Risks

Our indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to invest in our business and implement our strategic initiatives.

Our business requires continuous capital investments, and there can be no assurance that financial capital will always be available on favorable terms or at all. Additionally, our leverage and debt service obligations could adversely affect the business. At December 31, 2025, our total indebtedness outstanding was $3.6 billion.

The agreements governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities (as defined in Item 8. Note 13) impose material operating and financial restrictions that limit our operating flexibility, including the following:

•The Credit Agreement (as defined in Item 8. Note 13) governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities contain, and agreements governing our other indebtedness may contain, a number of restrictions and covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and/or our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to:

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

•incur or assume liens or additional debt or provide guarantees in respect of obligations of other persons;

•pay dividends or distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock;

•prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt;

•make loans, investments, acquisitions (including certain acquisitions of exclusive licenses) and capital expenditures;

•enter into agreements that restrict distributions from our subsidiaries;

•enter into transactions with affiliates;

•enter into sale and lease-back transactions;

•sell, transfer or exclusively license certain assets, including material intellectual property, and capital stock of our subsidiaries; and

•consolidate or merge with or into, or sell substantially all of our assets to, another person.

•The Credit Agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facilities contains certain covenants, including certain limitations on incurring liens and indebtedness and maintenance of certain financial ratios, including a maximum first lien secured leverage ratio.

•As a result of these restrictions, we may be limited in how we conduct our business; unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to operate during general economic or business downturns; or unable to compete effectively, take advantage of new business opportunities or grow in accordance with our plans.

•Our failure to comply with any of the covenants could result in a default under the Credit Agreement and certain other indebtedness, which, if not cured or waived, could result in us having to repay our borrowings before their due dates. Such default may allow the lenders or other note holders to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. If we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms or if we were to experience difficulty in refinancing the debt prior to maturity, our results of operations or financial condition could be materially affected. In addition, an event of default under the Credit Agreement may permit the lenders to refuse to permit additional borrowings under the Revolver (as defined in Item 8. Note 13) or to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under the Revolver. Furthermore, if we are unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the Credit Agreement or other debt instruments, the lenders and note holders may be able to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. If our indebtedness is accelerated, there can be no assurance that we would be able to repay or refinance our debt or obtain sufficient new financing.

•Future downgrades to our credit ratings may limit our access to capital and materially increase borrowing costs on current or future financing, including via trade payables with vendors. Customers' inclination to purchase goods from us may also be affected by the publicity associated with deterioration of our credit ratings.

•There are various maturity dates associated with our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, senior notes, and other debt facilities. There is no assurance that cash, future borrowings or equity financing will be available for the payment or refinancing of our indebtedness. Further, there is no assurance that any future refinancing or renegotiation of our Senior Secured Credit Facilities, senior notes or other debt facilities, or additional agreements will not have materially different or more stringent terms. Refer to Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Capital Resources.

We cannot guarantee that we will buy back our ordinary shares pursuant to our announced share repurchase plan or that our share repurchase plan will enhance long-term shareholder value.

In October 2018, our Board of Directors authorized up to $1.0 billion of share repurchases with no expiration date, subject to the Board of Directors’ approval of the pricing parameters and amount that may be repurchased under each specific share repurchase program. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we did not repurchase any shares under such authorization, and there can be no assurances that we will do so in the future. The specific timing and amount of additional buybacks under the authorization, if any, will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, the trading price of our ordinary shares, the nature of other investment opportunities, the availability of our distributable reserves and the tax consequences of any buybacks. In addition, our ability to repurchase shares may be limited in the future under Irish law, if at any time we do not have sufficient distributable reserves. No share repurchases are currently anticipated in the near term.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

Buybacks of our ordinary shares could affect the market price of our ordinary shares, increase their volatility or diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance future growth and to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions. Although our share repurchase plan is intended to enhance long-term shareholder value, there is no assurance that it will do so, and short-term share price fluctuations could reduce the plan’s effectiveness.

Any additional shares we may issue could dilute your ownership in the Company.

Under Irish law, our authorized share capital can be increased by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders, and the directors may issue new ordinary or preferred shares up to a maximum amount equal to the authorized but unissued share capital, without shareholder approval, once authorized to do so by the articles of association or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders.

Subject to specified exceptions, Irish law grants statutory preemption rights to existing shareholders to subscribe for new issuances of shares for cash, but allows shareholders to authorize the waiver of the statutory preemption rights either in our articles of association or by way of a special resolution. Such disapplication of these preemption rights can either be generally applicable or be in respect of a particular allotment of shares.

We are incorporated in Ireland; Irish law differs from the laws in effect in the United States and may afford less protection to, or otherwise adversely affect, our shareholders.

As an Irish company, we are governed by the Irish Companies Act 2014 (the "Act"). The Act differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including the provisions relating to interested directors, mergers, amalgamations and acquisitions, takeovers, shareholder lawsuits, and indemnification of directors.

•Under Irish law, the duties of directors and officers of a company are generally owed to the company only. As a result, shareholders of Irish companies do not have the right to bring an action against the directors or officers of a company for the breach of such duties, except in limited circumstances.

•Shareholders may be subject to different or additional tax consequences under Irish law as a result of the acquisition, ownership and/or disposition of ordinary shares, including, but not limited to, Irish stamp duty, dividend withholding tax, Irish income tax, and capital acquisitions tax.

•There is no treaty between Ireland and the U.S. providing for the reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments. Before a foreign judgment would be deemed enforceable in Ireland, the judgment must be (i) for a definite sum, (ii) provided by a court of competent jurisdiction and (iii) final and conclusive. An Irish High Court may exercise its right to refuse to recognize and enforce a foreign judgment if the foreign judgment was obtained by fraud, if it violated Irish public policy, if it is in breach of natural justice, or if it is irreconcilable with an earlier judgment.

•An Irish High Court may stay proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere. Judgments of U.S. courts of liabilities predicated upon U.S. federal securities laws may not be enforced by Irish High Courts if deemed to be contrary to public policy in Ireland.

•It could be more difficult for us to obtain shareholder approval for a merger or negotiated transaction than if we were a U.S. company because the shareholder approval requirements for certain types of transactions differ, and in some cases are greater, under Irish law.

•Additionally, under the Irish Takeover Panel Act issued in 1997 and Takeover Rules issued in 2022, the Board of Directors is not permitted to take any action that might frustrate an offer for our ordinary shares, including issuing additional ordinary shares or convertible equity, making material acquisitions or dispositions, or entering into contracts outside the ordinary course of business, once the Board of Directors has received an approach that may lead to an offer or has reason to believe that such an offer is or may be imminent, subject to certain exceptions. These provisions may give the Board of Directors less ability to control negotiations with hostile offerors and protect the interests of holders of ordinary shares than would be the case for a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the United States.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1A

Risk Factors

We may be limited in our ability to pay dividends in the future.

A number of factors may limit our ability to pay dividends, including, among other things:

•Our ability to receive cash dividends and distributions from our subsidiaries;

•Compliance with applicable laws and debt covenants;

•Our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant; and

•The availability of our distributable reserves.

Under Irish law, distributable reserves are the accumulated realized profits so far as not previously utilized by distribution or capitalization, less accumulated realized losses so far as not previously written off in a reduction or a reorganization of capital duly made, subject to adjustments for any increases to, or reductions of, share premium. In addition, no distribution or dividend may be made if, at the time of the distribution or dividend, our net assets are not, or would not be, after giving effect to such distribution or dividend, be equal to, or in excess of, the aggregate of our called-up share capital plus undistributable reserves.

While we currently expect to continue paying dividends, significant changes in our business or financial condition such as asset impairments, sustained operating losses and the selling of assets, could impact the amount of distributable reserves available to us. On July 18, 2023, the Irish High Court approved the creation of $4.9 billion of distributable reserves of the Company through the reduction of the Share Premium account. The court order authorizing the creation of distributable reserves was filed with the Registrar of Companies in Ireland and became effective on July 20, 2023.

Additionally, we are subject to financial covenants in our Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Our failure to comply with these covenants could trigger events, which could result in the acceleration of the related debt. Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis - Capital Resources for more information.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

RISK MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY

Cybersecurity is an important part of our risk management program and an area of increasing focus for our Board of Directors and management. We use a risk-based approach to identify, assess, protect, detect, respond to and recover from cybersecurity threats. While management is responsible for the day-to-day risk management, the Board of Directors, is responsible for the Company's overall risk oversight function, including cybersecurity risks. The Nominating & Governance Committee ("NGC") supports the Board of Directors by overseeing cybersecurity risks, policies and objectives. The Audit Committee supports the Board of Directors in overseeing the framework for risk assessments and enterprise risk management ("ERM") process. The Company’s cybersecurity policies, standards and processes are designed and implemented in light of the requirements of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") frameworks for cybersecurity and privacy.

Recognizing that no single technology, process or business control can effectively prevent or mitigate all risks, we employ multiple technologies, processes and controls, all working as part of a cohesive strategy to minimize risk including the following:

•We emphasize security and resiliency through business assurance capabilities and incident response plans designed to identify, evaluate, and remediate incidents when they occur. We regularly review and update our plans, policies and technologies and conduct regular training exercises and crisis management preparedness activities to test their effectiveness.

•Perrigo leverages the NIST cybersecurity framework to measure the capability of its cybersecurity program and we conduct third party assessments to measure the NIST ratings.

•We maintain a cybersecurity risk register which is reviewed periodically with relevant stakeholders. Risks that are higher in impact are included within our Enterprise Risk Register which is reviewed with Executive Leadership and the Board of Directors.

•Our processes used to identify, assess, protect, detect, respond to and recover from cybersecurity threats are regularly tested by external parties through penetration testing, and other exercises designed to assess and test our cybersecurity health, resiliency and the effectiveness of our program.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 1C

Cybersecurity

•Management invests in organization capability and technology to manage and identify cybersecurity and information security risks. Our Company has information security employees across the globe, enabling us to monitor and promptly respond to threats and incidents, identify and maintain oversight of cybersecurity risks associated with third parties, evaluate and deploy cybersecurity technologies, and educate associates on cybersecurity risks.

•We maintain cyber insurance coverage to help mitigate possible costs associated with a potential incident.

•We have implemented an information and cybersecurity awareness program designed to educate and test employee maturity at least annually, and regularly throughout the year employees receive training regarding phishing and other threat actor schemes, the inherent risks involved in human interaction with information and operational technology, and new and emerging technologies.

We have processes in place designed to allow us to oversee and identify risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers and suppliers through our Supplier Cyber Risk Assessment process, which assesses third-party cybersecurity controls through a combination of risk assessment questionnaires, commercially available risk data and security rating platforms. We also include cybersecurity and information security language in our contracts where applicable. We require our suppliers and partners to report cybersecurity incidents to us so that we can assess the impact of such an incident on us and have dedicated processes to respond to cybersecurity incidents at third parties. We have established processes to contain the impact of potential security incidents on Perrigo's third-party service providers.

As of December 31, 2025, we are unaware of any risks from cybersecurity threats (including previous cybersecurity incidents) that may have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company's business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. We have experienced and may continue to experience cybersecurity incidents; however, we do not believe any cybersecurity incidents incurred to date have materially affected our Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. While we continue to employ resources to monitor our systems and protect our infrastructure, these measures may prove insufficient, and that could subject us to significant risks. For further discussion of how these and other potential cybersecurity risks may impact our business, refer to the risk factor under heading “A cybersecurity breach, disruption or misuse of our information systems, or our external business partners’ information systems could have a material adverse effect on our business” in Item 1A. Risk Factors – Operational Risks.

GOVERNANCE

Our overall information security efforts are led by the Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"). The CISO has substantial experience in cybersecurity, including knowledge, skills, certifications, and background in the field. The CISO holds several key certifications including Certified Information Systems Security Professional ("CISSP"), Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional ("CSSLP") and Certified Ethical Hacker ("CeH").

While management is responsible for day-to-day risk management, the Board of Directors is responsible for the Company’s overall risk oversight function, including cybersecurity risks, and includes oversight by several committees. The NGC, comprised solely of independent directors, supports the Board of Directors by overseeing cybersecurity risks, policies and objectives. As a part of its duties, the NGC regularly provides reports to the full Board of Directors.

The NGC routinely engages with the CFO, the CISO and Chief Technology Officer on a range of cybersecurity-related topics, including threats to the environment and vulnerability assessments, policies and practices, technology trends and regulatory developments. The NGC conducts regular committee meetings prior to each regular Board of Directors meeting and convenes additional sessions as necessary to address a specific cybersecurity threat.

Perrigo has an incident response team comprised of the CISO and senior leadership from Legal, Human Resources and Finance. We have a formalized breach management protocol and playbooks that are tested periodically. Perrigo uses a panel of forensic and third-party service providers to assist the Company with its response in the event of a cybersecurity incident. We employ escalation procedures designed to notify management of certain specific cybersecurity threats or incidents. If deemed appropriate, management will notify the NGC, which may convene to discuss the cybersecurity threat before reporting to the Board of Directors on the matter.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 2

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our world headquarters is located in Dublin, Ireland, and our North American base of operations is located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. We manufacture products at 14 worldwide locations and have R&D, logistics, and office support facilities in many of the regions in which we operate. We own approximately 85% of our facilities and lease the remainder. Our primary facilities by geographic area were as follows at December 31, 2025:

Country

Number of Facilities

Segment(s) Supported

Ireland

CSCA, CSCI

United States

CSCA, CSCI

France

CSCI

China

CSCA

United Kingdom

CSCI

Belgium

CSCI

Germany

CSCI

Greece

CSCI

Spain

CSCI

Sweden

CSCI

We believe that our production facilities are adequate to support the business, and our property and equipment are well maintained. Our manufacturing plants are suitable for their intended purposes and have capacities for current and near-term projected needs of our existing products.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding our current legal proceedings is presented in Item 8. Note 20.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Perrigo Company plc - Additional Item

Executive Officers

ADDITIONAL ITEM. INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Our executive officers and their ages and positions as of February 24, 2026 were:

Title and Business Experience

Age

Patrick Lockwood-Taylor

Patrick Lockwood-Taylor was appointed President, Chief Executive Officer and Board Member of Perrigo Company plc, effective June 30, 2023. He joined Perrigo from Bayer, where he was Regional President of Consumer Health North America, while also serving a dual role as President of Bayer U.S. Before Bayer, Mr. Lockwood-Taylor served as President and CEO of The Oneida Group Inc., a private company. Prior to this position, he spent more than 20 years with Procter & Gamble in various roles, including brand franchise and general management leadership positions.

Charles Atkinson

Charles Atkinson was named Executive Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary, in October 2024. Mr. Atkinson joined Perrigo from Haleon plc and its predecessor, GSK plc, most recently serving as Interim General Counsel. During his 20-plus year combined tenure at Haleon/GSK, Mr. Atkinson successfully advised across numerous transactions and integrations, including the creation of Haleon and subsequent separation from its parent shareholders GSK and Pfizer. He has also served as global head of corporate legal and was lead counsel for various parts of the self-care business, including supply chain, R&D and innovation, business development, and intellectual property.

David Ball

Dr. Ball was named Executive Vice President and Chief Brand and Digital Officer in August 2024. Prior to joining Perrigo, Dr. Ball was most recently at Bayer Consumer Healthcare and Care/of (prior to its acquisition by Bayer in 2020) from 2019 to 2024, where he held various positions including General Manager and Vice President of Marketing for the Digestive Health business in North America. Prior to this, Dr. Ball spent more than eight years at Procter and Gamble in leadership positions across multiple business units and functions.

Eduardo Bezerra

Eduardo Bezerra joined Perrigo in May 2022 as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Bezerra previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Del Monte Fresh Produce, Inc., from 2019 to 2022. Before that, Mr. Bezerra held a number of positions of increasing responsibility at Monsanto Company from 1998 to 2018.

Roberto Khoury

Roberto Khoury was named Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer in July 2025 after serving as Executive Vice President and President, Consumer Self Care International. He joined Perrigo in May 2024 after more than six years with Kenvue (formerly a part of Johnson & Johnson), where he was Senior Vice President and General Manager of their skin care portfolio, including brand leadership responsibilities. Prior to that role he led Kenvue's consumer brands in Europe. Before his time at Kenvue, Mr. Khoury spent 13 years at L'Oréal, where he held several leadership roles in the consumer space that included stints in growing pan-European line extensions of leading brands.

Abbie Lennox

Abbie Lennox was named Executive Vice President and Chief Science Officer in January 2025. Ms. Lennox joined Perrigo from Bayer where she served as Executive Committee Member and Chief Trust and Science Officer from 2019 to 2024, responsible for leading the regulatory, medical affairs, safety and quality teams. Prior to her time at Bayer, she served in regulatory affairs leadership roles with Reckitt Benckiser, where she advanced the company’s regulatory approach to pipeline delivery across multiple health and wellness brands

Robert Willis

Mr. Willis was named Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer in March 2019 after serving as Vice President of Human Resources Global Businesses for nearly six years. Prior to joining Perrigo, Mr. Willis gained more than 20 years of experience in Human Resources leadership through roles with Fawaz Alhokair Group, GE Capital, DoubleClick, and Norkom Technologies.

Matt Winterman

Matt Winterman was named Executive Vice President, Product Supply, Operations Strategy and Transformation Officer, in June 2025. Mr. Winterman has more than 20 years of global supply chain and strategy leadership. Prior to joining Perrigo, Mr. Winterman served as Senior Vice President of Global Supply Chain and Strategy at AstraZeneca from 2023 to 2025. In this capacity, he was instrumental in driving transformation and strategic investment in the manufacturing network. He also served as Global Head of end-to-end Supply Chain at Roche Holding AG from 2018 to 2023, and prior to that in roles of increasing responsibility for technical operations strategy and supply chain performance at GSK plc.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 5

PART II.

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common equity has traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PRGO since June 6, 2013. Prior to that, our common equity traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the same symbol.

As of February 24, 2026, there were 4,053 record holders of our ordinary shares.

In January 2003, the Board of Directors adopted a policy of paying quarterly dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we declared and paid $159.3 million in dividends. We expect to continue the payment of cash dividends in the future, but there can be no assurance as to the amounts of any dividends declared or that the Board of Directors will continue to declare them.

The graph below shows a comparison of our cumulative total return with the cumulative total returns for the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P Consumer Staples Index. The graph assumes an investment of $100 at the beginning of the period and the reinvestment of any dividends. Information in the graph is presented for the years ended December 31, 2020 through December 31, 2025.

* $100 invested on December 31, 2020 - in stock or index - including reinvestment of dividends. Indexes calculated on month-end basis.

Our Board of Directors authorized up to $1.0 billion of share repurchases with no expiration date in October 2018, subject to the Board of Directors’ approval of the pricing parameters and amount that may be repurchased under each specific share repurchase program (the "2018 Authorization"). We did not repurchase any shares during the year ended December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, the approximate value of shares available for purchase under the 2018 Authorization was $835.8 million.

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Executive Overview

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") is intended to provide readers with an understanding of our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows by focusing on changes in certain key measures from year to year. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes found in Item 8 of this report. See also "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." This discussion and analysis compares 2025 results to 2024. For discussion and analysis that compares 2024 results to 2023, see Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Perrigo works to fulfill its vision and purpose as a top-tier consumer self-care company with a focused portfolio based on consumer-led innovation, which meets societal needs for:

•Access: Perrigo's self-care products and solutions enhance the daily lives of millions of families, empowering them to take control of their health and wellness.

•Value: Perrigo delivers value by helping consumers proactively manage their well-being through affordable and effective self-care solutions.

•Reliability: Perrigo ensures the safety and effectiveness of its self-care solutions, best serving its consumers.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Executive Overview

Our fiscal year begins on January 1 and ends on December 31. We end our quarterly accounting periods on the Saturday closest to the end of the calendar quarter, with the fourth quarter ending on December 31 of each year.

Our Segments

•Consumer Self-Care Americas ("CSCA") comprises our consumer self-care business in the U.S. and Canada.

•Consumer Self-Care International ("CSCI") comprises our consumer self-care business outside of the U.S. and Canada, primarily in Europe and Australia.

For information on each segment, our business environment, and competitive landscape, refer to Item 1. Business. For results by segment and geographic locations see below Segment Results and Item 8. Note 2 and Note 21.

Recent Developments

Segment Change

Market Factors and Trends

Macroeconomic Uncertainty

Current macroeconomic conditions remain dynamic, including impacts from inflation and interest rates, volatile changes in foreign currency exchange rates, tariffs and other trade restrictions, political unrest and uncertainty and legislative and regulatory changes. Any causes of market size contraction could reduce our sales or erode our operating margin and consequently reduce our net earnings and cash flows. As a result of these dynamic conditions and uncertainties, we have modified, and may further modify, our operations and strategic initiatives, including by adjusting our investment priorities, reallocating resources, or delaying specific initiatives, such as deferring capital expenditures on the Nutrition Network Optimization project, initiating an enterprise-wide operational enhancement program, and seeking further working capital improvements.

Continuing uncertainties arising from increased tariffs on imported products could have an adverse effect on our Company. In 2025, the U.S. government announced new or additional tariffs on products imported from many countries and individualized "reciprocal" tariffs on countries with which the U.S. has the largest trade deficits. While some tariffs have become effective, others have been temporarily suspended, increased then reduced or permanently repealed. The U.S. government has announced trade agreements with various governments as well as additional tariffs on countries due to geo-political issues. As a result, there continues to be significant volatility and uncertainty regarding the scope, timing, implementation and effective rates of tariffs.

Based on current assessments, and excluding any potential impact from future pharmaceutical tariffs that may cover ingredients used in the manufacturing of OTC products, we estimate a gross increase to global cost of goods sold of approximately $30 million to $40 million, on a full-year basis beginning in 2026, updated from the previously estimated range of $50 million to $60 million. We continue to mitigate these impacts through a combination of strategic pricing actions, insourcing to our U.S.-based manufacturing facilities and other supply chain actions.

In addition, our interest expense is impacted by the overall global economic and interest rate environment. We manage interest rate risk through our capital structure and the use of interest rate swaps to fix the interest rate on greater than 90% of our outstanding debt.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Executive Overview

War in Ukraine

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia and resulting economic and political sanctions imposed by the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and other countries on Russia, Belarus, and occupied regions in Ukraine have negatively impacted our results from operations in the region. Future impacts are difficult to predict due to the high level of uncertainty related to the war’s duration, evolution and resolution. If the conflict spreads or materially escalates, or economic conditions deteriorate, the impact on our business and results of operations could be material.

Middle East Conflicts

We continue to closely monitor the ongoing conflict and the social, political and economic environment in Israel and in the broader Middle East to evaluate the impacts on our operations and supply chain. Israel is a global technology research and development center that plays a critical role in the global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ("API") market, as a number of our key suppliers are located within Israel. The Company sources some raw materials and finished goods from suppliers in Israel for certain self-care products, including omeprazole. To date, Perrigo has confirmed that our suppliers in the region have active operations and continue to manufacture materials for us, and we have not received any reports of restrictions on imports or exports in Israel. However, there is potential for some disruption as it relates to in-country logistics, including freight. As a precaution, Perrigo has engaged alternate suppliers to help minimize a potential supply disruption. If the conflict spreads or materially escalates, or if the conflict leads to further volatility and uncertainty in financial markets or economic conditions, the impact on our business and results of operations could be material. For example, an escalation in military activity in the Red Sea region has the potential to disrupt supply chains and lead to further inflationary pressures which we are also continuing to monitor.

Inflationary Costs and Supply Chain

Supply chain disruptions continue in specific categories such as agricultural commodities due to climate impacts, and supply chain shortages, the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, the Middle East Conflict and geopolitical tensions. Inflationary pressures are still a factor on cost in major economies globally across food, energy and labor. While global inflation is expected to fall, U.S. inflation is now predicted to stay above previous expectations. We previously experienced employment vacancies and attrition in the labor market which negatively impacted productivity and drove wage rate increases and other retention benefits. We implemented a series of actions to substantially mitigate these and other inflationary cost pressures, such as strategic pricing and our Supply Chain Reinvention Program. Benefits from our actions have substantially offset the impacts of inflation to date. However, future supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures from the continuation of the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, any escalating conflicts in the Middle East, persistent geopolitical tensions and the impact of tariff and trade policy are uncertain.

Foreign Exchange

We have both translation and transaction exposure to the fluctuation of exchange rates. Translation exposures relate to exchange rate impacts of measuring income statements of foreign subsidiaries that do not use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Transaction exposures relate to 1) the impact from input costs that are denominated in a currency other than the local reporting currency and 2) the revaluation of transaction-related working capital balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. Significant exchange rate fluctuations, especially in the Euro or the British Pound Sterling, have had, and could continue to have, a significant impact on our net sales, net earnings and cash flows.

Infant Formula

As part of its efforts to prevent supply interruptions and risk of Cronobacter spp. illnesses associated with powdered infant formula, in March 2023, the Federal Drug Administration ("FDA") released an “Immediate National Strategy to Increase the Resiliency of the U.S. Infant Formula Market” and issued a letter to the powdered infant formula industry to share information to assist the industry in improving the microbiologic safety of powdered infant formula. In response to those changes, we made considerable investments in all our infant formula manufacturing sites. These investments included, among other things, enhancing our cleaning and sanitation protocols, our environmental monitoring programs, and quality oversight, as well as increasing the number of quality and operations personnel at the sites, including enhanced cleaning and sanitation protocols, enhancements to our environmental monitoring programs, enhanced quality oversight and additional quality and operations personnel. These changes have resulted in higher costs and lower manufacturing output and production yields across our infant formula network. In March 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) launched

Operation Stork Speed, a regulatory initiative aimed at strengthening the safety, quality, transparency, and resilience

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Executive Overview

of the U.S. infant formula supply. This initiative intends to review the nutrients used in infant nutrition, expand testing

for contaminants, and enhance labelling expectations, and will evaluate potential future regulatory updates. In addition, Operation Stork Speed extends the FDA’s personal importation policy, which allows individuals to import certain infant formula products for personal use, thereby potentially increasing competitive pressures in the U.S. infant formula market. Together, these measures may introduce new compliance and regulatory obligations and may affect competitive dynamics in the U.S. market.

As previously disclosed, we received a warning letter from the FDA on August 30, 2023 relating to the Perrigo Wisconsin infant formula facility, which we acquired in November 2022. While we worked to resolve the issues raised in the August 30 letter, on November 29, 2023, we received notice from the FDA of additional inspection observations relating to Perrigo Wisconsin. Consistent with our commitment to quality, we temporarily paused all production at that facility and conducted an extended site-wide assessment and cleaning.

We also bolstered our internal resources and brought in additional outside expertise to help revise, enhance and strengthen comprehensive standards and processes across our infant formula network, including in some instances, pausing production for comprehensive cleaning and infrastructure improvements. All planned large-scale manufacturing plant resets have been completed, we have implemented quality enhancements, including further protocol, process and procedural improvements at the site level, and all sites are producing reliable, quality-assured product.

In October and November 2024, the FDA conducted its first inspection of the Perrigo Wisconsin infant formula facility since the November 2023 inspection. Following this 2024 inspection, the FDA did not issue written observations via Form FDA 483. In February 2026, the FDA conducted an additional inspection of the Perrigo Wisconsin infant formula facility and issued a Form 483. The matters raised in the February 2026 Form 483 do not relate to a production batch or an actual or potential recall of past production. We have initiated corrective actions and will continue to work collaboratively with the FDA.

We incurred certain extraordinary non-recurring costs associated with the remediation and enhancement actions described above and the evolving U.S. infant formula regulatory landscape, including consulting and legal fees relating to our responses to the FDA and the development and institution of new protocols across our infant formula manufacturing sites, as well as other costs relating to the extended cleaning and sanitization and the pausing and restarting of production. Cash costs to achieve this remediation plan were approximately $22.6 million with approximately 95% of such costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024.

We have been focusing on rebuilding market share, while managing the additional cost and production processes. Although we have gained market share in non-WIC infant formula powder, heightened competition from existing and new entrants, particularly as a result of continued regulatory forbearance allowing imported infant formulas has led to increased supply of infant formula in the United States, and the previously disclosed lost distribution of the Good Start® brand have hindered our efforts to recover our previous market share. On November 5, 2025, we announced a strategic review of our infant formula business focused on a combination of accelerating cash flows and reassessing the previously announced investment in this business, while optimizing portfolio impact and management focus. See Nutrition Network Optimization; Strategic Review below.

Restructuring

Supply Chain Reinvention Program

In 2022, we initiated a Supply Chain Reinvention Program to reduce structural costs, improve profitability and our service levels to our retail partners, and strengthen our resiliency by streamlining and simplifying our global supply chain. Through this initiative, we have reduced portfolio complexity, invested in advanced planning capabilities, diversified sourcing, and optimized our manufacturing assets and distribution models. The program objectives are now realized with approximately $157 million of annualized benefits (not including related depreciation expense on capital investments) achieved by the end of fiscal year 2025. Total costs incurred over the same period including capital investments, restructuring expenses and implementation costs totaled approximately $286 million. For the remaining project wind-down activities, we anticipate less than $10 million of additional costs to be incurred through fiscal year 2026.

Project Energize

As part of our sustainable, value accretive growth strategy, we launched Project Energize in the first quarter of 2024 - a global investment and efficiency program to drive the next evolution of capabilities and organizational agility. This three-year program was expected to produce significant benefits in our long-term business performance by enabling

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Executive Overview

our One Perrigo growth strategy, increasing organizational agility and mitigating impacts from stabilizing and strengthening the infant formula business. As of December 31, 2025, Project Energize had achieved these objectives and has substantively completed.

Project Energize delivered approximately $167 million of annualized pre-tax savings as of the end of fiscal year 2025, within the estimated range of $140 million to $170 million expected by the end of 2026. Reinvestment savings of $35 million over the same period are within the estimated range of approximately $40 million to $60 million. Restructuring and related charges associated with these actions were approximately $138 million over the same period are within the estimated range of $140 million to $160 million. For the remaining project wind-down activities, we anticipate less than $10 million of additional costs to be incurred through fiscal year 2026.

Nutrition Network Optimization; Strategic Review

In 2025, Perrigo initiated the Nutrition Network Optimization project to optimize our infant formula manufacturing footprint, upgrade packaging capabilities, harmonize quality processes, and enhance our research and development capabilities. On November 5, 2025, we announced a strategic review of our infant formula business. The review will assess a full range of alternatives and is aligned with Perrigo’s ‘Three‑S’ (Stabilize, Streamline, Strengthen) plan and reflects our commitment to disciplined capital allocation and supporting improved return on invested capital and total shareholder return. It will focus on a combination of accelerating cash flows and reassessing the previously announced investment in this business of $240 million, while optimizing portfolio impact and management focus.

Operational Enhancement Program

Building on the ‘Streamlining’ actions within our Three-S Plan, the Company has launched a two-year, enterprise-wide operational enhancement program to create a more agile, more resilient platform positioned for growth in our core business. The program is designed to streamline operations in response to near-term industry pressures, including soft consumer consumption leading to lower volumes, while freeing up capital to further invest behind our key brands and store brands.

We expect the program to enhance organizational effectiveness by evolving our structure to improve agility, accelerate decision‑making and better leverage technology. As part of this effort, the Company expects to reduce approximately 7% of its current workforce. The program will also target operational cost reductions mainly in our supply chain and distribution network.

The Company anticipates gross pre‑tax annual run rate cost savings of $80 million to $100 million from the program, the majority of which are expected to be achieved in 2026. Cash costs to achieve these savings are expected to range between $80 million and $90 million.

For further details on our restructuring charges, refer to Item 8 . Note 1 8.

Divestitures

On April 11, 2025, we completed the sale of the Richard Bittner Business AG, an Austrian contract manufacturing entity (the "Richard Bittner Business") to HBI Health & Beauty Innovations Limited for total consideration of $14.4 million, net of cash delivered. The sale resulted in a pre-tax loss of $1.6 million, net of professional fees, recorded in Other (income) expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within our CSCI segment.

The assets associated with this business were reported within our CSCI segment. We determined the carrying value of the net assets held for sale of this business exceeded their fair value less costs to sell, resulting in a total impairment charge of $3.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, inclusive of a goodwill impairment charge of $1.2 million. Refer to Item 8. Note 3 and Note 10 for additional details of the divestiture and impairments recognized as a result of the sale.

Goodwill Impairment

During the three months ended December 31, 2025, our CSCA and CSCI reporting units had an indication of potential impairment due to a sustained decrease in share price, lower expected cash flows principally related to infant formula market dynamics and a change in near-term expectations of the broader self-care market for both the Americas and International business. The quantitative impairment test indicated that the carrying amount of our CSCA and CSCI reporting units exceeded their estimated fair value. As such, management recognized a goodwill impairment of $917.1 million for CSCA, resulting in $1,168.8 million of goodwill in this reporting unit after the impairment and recognized a goodwill impairment of $407.1 million for CSCI, resulting in $881.3 million of goodwill

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Executive Overview

in this reporting unit after the impairment as of December 31, 2025. See Critical Accounting Estimates and Item 8. Note 10.

In connection with the January 1, 2026 segment reorganization (see Item 8. Note 22), the Company will change from two reporting segments to three reporting segments.

On reorganization, the Company is required to reallocate goodwill from its existing two reporting units to its six new reporting units. We are also required to determine the estimated fair values and reassign assets and liabilities to the respective reporting units. Even though the aggregate estimated fair value and carrying value of the Company's reporting units remains unchanged from December 31, 2025, the allocations to the new reporting units may occur disproportionately. Because the total reporting unit fair values were written down to their carrying values as of December 31, 2025, the new reporting units could inherently have carrying values that exceed their fair value after the reallocation.

As a result of the segment reorganization, we currently estimate that structural non‑cash goodwill impairment charges may range up to $350 million and would be recognized in the first quarter of 2026.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Currency Translation

Any currency translation effects described below represent estimates of the net differences between translation of foreign currency transactions into U.S. dollars for the year ended December 31, 2025 at the average exchange rates for the reporting period and average exchange rates for the year ended December 31, 2024.

CONSOLIDATED

Consolidated Financial Results


	Year Ended
(in millions, except percentages)	December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Net sales	$	4,253.1		$	4,373.4
Gross profit	$	1,494.5		$	1,542.7
Gross profit %	35.1		%	35.3		%
Operating income (loss)	$	(1,122.2)		$	112.9
Operating income %	(26.4)		%	2.6		%

Net sales decreased $120.3 million, or 2.8%, primarily due to:

•$103.6 million decrease, or 2.4%, driven by lower net sales of $51.5 million in Digestive Health, lower net sales of $41.0 million in Nutrition primarily due to infant formula, lower net sales in Oral Care, and the absence of the prior-year Opill® launch stocking benefit of $15.0 million. These were partially offset by higher net sales in Upper Respiratory. Net sales across the rest of the business were roughly flat as soft OTC category consumption was offset by store brand dollar, unit and volume share gains and dollar share gains across key brands; and

•$66.5 million decrease due to the prior year divestitures of the HRA Pharma Rare Diseases Business (the "Rare Diseases Business") and the Orion Laboratories Hospital & Specialty Business (the "Hospital & Specialty Business") and the sale of branded products within our CSCI segment; partially offset by

•$49.8 million increase from favorable foreign currency translation.

Operating income decreased $1,235.1 million, or 1,094.0%, due to:

•$48.2 million decrease in gross profit due primarily to lower global OTC sales volumes, the impact of divested businesses and exited products of $41.6 million, and net impact of pricing actions. These factors were partially offset by $29.7 million from favorable currency translation, new products and benefits from the Supply Chain Reinvention Program. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased 20 basis points compared to the prior year due to the same factors that impacted gross profit; and

•$1,186.9 million increase in operating expenses driven by the $1.3 billion goodwill impairment charge.

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CSCA

CONSUMER SELF-CARE AMERICAS

Segment Financial Results


	Year Ended
(in millions, except percentages)	December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Net sales	$	2,585.3		$	2,693.7
Gross profit	$	754.9		$	779.1
Gross profit %	29.2		%	28.9		%
Operating income (loss)	$	(669.0)		$	269.9
Operating income %	(25.9)		%	10.0		%

Net sales decreased $108.4 million, or 4.0% primarily due to:

•$107.8 million decrease, or 4.0%, driven by lower net sales of $55.4 million in Digestive Health, lower net sales of $41.0 million in Nutrition driven by infant formula, lower net sales in Oral Care and the absence of the prior-year Opill® launch stocking benefit of $15.0 million. These were partially offset by higher net sales in Upper Respiratory. Net sales from the rest of the CSCA business were down as soft OTC category consumption was partially offset by accelerating store brand volume share gains.

CSCA net sales by product category were as follows:


Sales	Year Ended
(in millions, except percentages)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		$ Change		% Change
Upper Respiratory	$	529.5	$	500.3	$	29.1	5.8	%
Digestive Health	442.1		497.4		(55.4)		(11.1)	%
Nutrition	408.5		449.5		(41.0)		(9.1)	%
Pain and Sleep-Aids	332.5		345.5		(12.9)		(3.7)	%
Healthy Lifestyle	316.4		306.8		9.5		3.1	%
Oral Care	256.9		275.4		(18.6)		(6.7)	%
Skin Care	214.9		220.1		(5.2)		(2.4)	%
Women's Health	72.4		81.1		(8.7)		(10.7)	%
Vitamins, Minerals, and Supplements ("VMS")	7.2		14.5		(7.3)		(50.3)	%
Other CSCA	4.8		3.1		1.7		54.8	%
Total CSCA	$	2,585.3	$	2,693.7	$	(108.3)	(4.0)%

Sales in each category were driven primarily by:

•Upper Respiratory: Net sales of $529.5 million increased 5.8% due primarily to increased distribution of both cough cold and allergy products, higher first-quarter incidence levels of cough cold compared to the prior year leading to higher net sales, and greater sell-in to customers of cough cold products in the fourth quarter;

•Digestive Health: Net sales of $442.1 million decreased 11.1% due primarily to lower consumption of proton pump inhibitors for heartburn, as well as the net impact of pricing actions, which were partially offset by higher net sales in laxatives, including Polyethylene Glycol 3350;

•Nutrition: Net sales of $408.5 million decreased 9.1% due primarily to infant formula driven by previously disclosed lost distribution of the Good Start® brand and lower contract manufacturing volumes, partially offset by double-digit growth in store brand infant formula;

•Pain and Sleep-Aids: Net sales of $332.5 million decreased 3.7% due primarily to net lost distribution of lower margin products, lower category consumption of children's analgesics medicines and lower dollar share compared to prior year, partially offset by new business awards;

•Healthy Lifestyle: Net sales of $316.4 million increased 3.1% due primarily to new distribution wins and increased consumer demand for smoking cessation products;

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CSCA

•Oral Care: Net sales of $256.9 million decreased 6.7% due primarily to previously disclosed lost distribution of lower-margin products as the business focused on enhancing margin while balancing the unfavorable impacts of tariffs;

•Skin Care: Net sales of $214.9 million decreased 2.4% due primarily to lower distribution of Minoxidil at one customer, partially offset by growth in the Mederma® brand;

•Women's Health: Net sales of $72.4 million decreased 10.7% due primarily to the prior year reflecting the strong initial retailer stocking of Opill®, which launched in March 2024, of $15.0 million; and

•VMS and Other: Net sales of $12.0 million decreased 31.8% due primarily to volume declines in the VMS category.

Operating income decreased $938.9 million, or 347.9%, due primarily to:

•$24.2 million decrease in gross profit driven primarily by lower global OTC sales volumes of $39.5 million and net impacts from pricing investments to drive volume, partially offset by benefits from the Supply Chain Reinvention Program of $13.0 million and $9.1 million in benefits from augmenting and strengthening the infant formula network. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased 30 basis points compared to the prior year driven primarily by the benefits from augmenting and strengthening the infant formula network.

•$914.7 million increase in operating expenses driven by the $917.1 million goodwill impairment charge.

CONSUMER SELF-CARE INTERNATIONAL

Segment Financial Results


	Year Ended
(in millions, except percentages)	December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Net sales	$	1,667.7		$	1,679.6
Gross profit	$	739.7		$	763.5
Gross profit %	44.4		%	45.5		%
Operating income (loss)	$	(228.8)		$	105.0
Operating income %	(13.7)		%	6.3		%

Net sales decreased $11.9 million, or 0.7% primarily due to:

•$66.5 million decrease due to the prior year divestitures of the Rare Diseases Business and the Hospital & Specialty Business and the sale of branded products; partially offset by

•$50.4 million increase from favorable foreign currency translation.

CSCI net sales by product category were as follows:


Sales	Year Ended
(in millions, except percentages)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		$ Change		% Change
Skin Care	$	407.7	$	410.0	$	(2.4)	(0.6)	%
Upper Respiratory	288.2		282.1		6.0		2.1	%
Pain and Sleep-Aids	235.4		222.2		13.3		6.0	%
Healthy Lifestyle	231.5		225.8		5.7		2.5	%
VMS	161.2		173.5		(12.3)		(7.1)	%
Women's Health	143.5		132.8		10.7		8.0	%
Oral Care	97.5		99.4		(2.0)		(2.0)	%
Digestive Health	40.3		36.5		3.8		10.4	%
Other CSCI	62.4		97.3		(34.8)		(35.8)	%
Total CSCI	$	1,667.7	$	1,679.6	$	(11.9)	(0.7)%

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CSCI

Sales in each category were driven primarily by:

•Skin Care: Net sales of $407.7 million decreased 0.6%, inclusive of a 2.4% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to lower net sales in the ACO® franchise, partially offset by higher net sales and new products in the Compeed® franchise;

•Upper Respiratory: Net sales of $288.2 million increased 2.1%, inclusive of a 4.0% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to lower net sales of cough cold products stemming from lower incidence of cough cold throughout the E.U. compared to the prior year, as well as an unfavorable impact of 1.5% from divested businesses and exited product lines. These were partially offset by improved supply of key products, including the Physiomer® brand;

•Pain & Sleep-Aids: Net sales of $235.4 million increased 6.0%, inclusive of a 4.0% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to restored supply of the Solpadeine® brand;

•Healthy Lifestyle: Net sales of $231.5 million increased 2.5%, inclusive of a 0.6% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to new products in the Jungle Formula® franchise;

•VMS: Net sales of $161.2 million decreased 7.1%, inclusive of a 3.9% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to reduced strategic focus on nutraceutical products within the category;

•Women's Health: Net sales of $143.5 million increased 8.0%, inclusive of a 4.2% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to market share gains in ellaOne®;

•Oral Care: Net sales of $97.5 million decreased 2.0% inclusive of a 3.9% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to lower net sales of store brand products; and

•Digestive Health and Other: Net sales of $102.7 million decreased 23.2%, inclusive of a 2.1% favorable effect of currency translation, due primarily to the divestiture of the Rare Diseases Business, partially offset by higher net sales of store brand digestive health products.

Operating income decreased $333.8 million, or 317.9%, due to:

•$23.8 million decrease in gross profit due primarily to the impact of divested businesses and exited products of $41.6 million, lower global OTC sales volumes, and unfavorable costs of goods sold inflation. These factors were partially offset by $27.4 million from favorable currency translation, new products, strategic pricing actions, and benefits from the Supply Chain Reinvention Program. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased 110 basis points compared to the prior year due to the same factors that impacted gross profit; and

•$310.0 million increase in operating expenses driven by the $407.1 million goodwill impairment charge.

Unallocated Expenses

Unallocated expenses are comprised of certain corporate services not allocated to our reporting segments and are recorded in Operating income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Unallocated expenses were as follows (in millions):


Year Ended
December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
$	224.3	$	262.1

The decrease of $37.8 million in unallocated expenses during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year period was due primarily to lower variable employee expenses, as well as lower restructuring costs associated primarily with Project Energize.

Interest expense, net, Other (income) expense, net and Loss on extinguishment of debt (Consolidated)


	Year Ended
(in millions)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

Interest expense, net	$	162.5	$	187.8
Other (income) expense, net	$	13.2	$	(0.9)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	$	—	$	6.7

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Unallocated, Interest, Other, and Taxes

Interest Expense, net

The $25.3 million decrease during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year was due primarily to the absence of interest expense associated with the de-designation of interest rate swap agreements in the prior year and a decrease in interest expense associated with a decrease in outstanding borrowings under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities.

Other (Income) Expense, net

The $14.1 million decrease in income during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year was due primarily to unfavorable changes in revaluation of foreign currency contracts associated with the planned divestiture of the Dermacosmetics Business, the absence of prior year gain recognized on the sale of the Rare Diseases Business, and the loss recognized on the sale of the Richard Bittner Business.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

The $6.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily related to the unamortized fees associated with the partial payment on the Term Loan B Facility (refer to Item 8. Note 13).

Income Taxes (Consolidated)

The effective tax rates were as follows:


Year Ended
December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
(8.0)	%	(99.3)	%

The effective tax rate on the pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased when compared to the effective tax rate on the pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to the impact of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") in 2025 and the net impact of an intercompany intellectual property sale in 2024, offset by the establishment of a full valuation allowance in the United States and the impact of the goodwill impairment charges in 2025.

On July 4, 2025, the OBBBA was signed into law. The OBBBA includes significant changes to federal tax law and permanently extends or modifies various provisions from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including, but not limited to, deductions for federal bonus depreciation, domestic research and development expenditures, and certain changes, some taxpayer-favorable and others not, for determining the limitation on business interest expense. We evaluated the OBBBA provisions enacted and determined they resulted in a tax benefit of $21.7 million for 2025, primarily due to the increased realizability of deferred tax assets associated with interest expense carryforwards following the restoration of depreciation and amortization in the Section 163(j) business interest expense limitation calculation. The remaining provisions of the OBBBA have multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented over subsequent years. We are not anticipating the remaining provisions of the OBBBA to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

We evaluate our deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and amount of recent losses, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, and tax planning strategies. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. Due to the weight of objectively verifiable negative evidence, we believe it is more likely than not that our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets will not be realized as of December 31, 2025.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY, AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

We finance our operations with internally generated funds, supplemented by credit arrangements with third parties and capital market financing. We routinely monitor current and expected operational requirements and financial market conditions to evaluate other available financing sources including term and revolving bank credit and securities offerings. In determining our future capital requirements, we regularly consider, among other factors,

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

known trends and uncertainties, such as the geopolitical environment, inflation and interest rates, the status of material contingent liabilities, financial market volatility, tariffs and potential tariff and trade policies and other uncertainties. Subject to relevant restrictions under our debt agreements, our cash requirements for other purposes and other factors management deems relevant, we may from time to time use available funds to redeem, repurchase or refinance our debt in privately negotiated or open market transactions, by tender offer or otherwise, in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, at prices and on terms we deem appropriate (which may be below par).

Based on the foregoing, management believes that our operations and borrowing resources are sufficient to provide for our short-term and long-term capital requirements, as described below. However, an adverse result with respect to our appeal of any material outstanding tax assessments or litigation, including securities or drug pricing matters and product liability cases, damages resulting from third-party claims, and related interest and/or penalties, could ultimately require the use of corporate assets to pay such assessments, and any such use of corporate assets would limit the assets available for other corporate purposes. As such, we continue to evaluate the impact of the above factors on liquidity and may determine that modifications to our capital structure are appropriate if market conditions deteriorate, favorable capital market opportunities become available, or any change in conditions relating to the war in Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East, a government shutdown in the United States or elsewhere, inflation and interest rates, the status of material contingent liabilities, financial market volatility, tariffs, potential tariff and trade policies or other uncertainties have a material impact on our capital requirements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents


	Year Ended
(in millions)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	531.6	$	558.8
Working capital(1)	$	1,043.7	$	915.3

(1)Working capital represents current assets less current liabilities, excluding cash and cash equivalents, excluding assets and liabilities held for sale and excluding current indebtedness.

Cash, cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, and borrowings available under our credit facilities are expected to be sufficient to finance our liquidity and capital expenditures in both the short and long term. Although our lenders have made commitments to make funds available to us in a timely fashion under our revolving credit agreements and overdraft facilities, if economic conditions worsen or new information becomes publicly available impacting the institutions’ credit rating or capital ratios, these lenders may be unable or unwilling to lend money pursuant to our existing credit facilities. Should our outlook on liquidity requirements change substantially from current projections, we may seek additional sources of liquidity in the future.

Cash Flows

The following table includes summarized cash flow activities:


	Year Ended
(in millions)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		$ Change
Net cash from operating activities	$	238.5	$	362.9	$	(124.4)
Net cash (for) from investing activities	(75.4)		78.8		(154.2)
Net cash for financing activities	(220.5)		(611.0)		390.5
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	32.5		(23.2)		55.7
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(24.9)	$	(192.5)	$	167.6

Net cash from Operating Activities

The $124.4 million decrease in operating cash inflow was primarily driven by a decrease in cash flow from the change in net earnings after adjustments for items including impairment, depreciation and amortization, and restructuring.

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Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash (for) from Investing Activities

The $154.2 million decrease in cash from investing cash flow was due primarily to the absence of the proceeds from the sale of the Rare Diseases and Hospital & Specialty Businesses and the six branded products in the prior year period. These were partially offset by the absence of the settlement of foreign currency derivatives in the prior year period, as well as net proceeds received in the current period related to the sale of the Richard Bittner Business.

Capital expenditures totaled $93.4 million in 2025. We anticipate 2026 capital expenditures to be between $90 million and $130 million, depending on project timelines related to manufacturing productivity and efficiency upgrades, software and technology initiatives, and general facility maintenance. We expect to fund these estimated capital expenditures with funds from operating cash flows.

Net cash for Financing Activities

The $390.5 million increase in financing cash flow was due primarily to larger one-time payments in the prior year period on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities compared to the current year, partially offset by the prior year period issuance of the 2032 Notes. Additionally, we increased our dividend payment by $6.8 million compared to the prior year.

Share Repurchases

Dividends

In January 2003, the Board of Directors adopted a policy of paying quarterly dividends. We paid dividends as follows:


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Dividends paid (in millions)	$	159.3	$	152.5
Dividends paid per share	$	1.16	$	1.10

The declaration and payment of dividends, if any, is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, availability of distributable reserves, capital and surplus requirements, and other factors our Board of Directors may consider relevant.

Borrowings and Capital Resources

Note Issuances

On September 17, 2024, Perrigo Finance issued the 2032 Notes as defined in Item 8. Note 13. The 2032 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by Perrigo and its subsidiaries that provide guarantees under Perrigo's Senior Secured Credit Facilities (as defined below). Net proceeds from the 2032 Notes were used to prepay a portion of the Term Loan B Facility (as defined below) on September 19, 2024 and the remaining proceeds were used to fund the redemption of $700 million of the 4.375% Notes due 2026 on October 2, 2024. As a result of the redemption, we recognized an extinguishment loss of $6.7 million during the prior year.

Credit Agreements

On April 20, 2022, we and our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Perrigo Investments, LLC (the "Borrower") entered into the senior secured credit facilities, which consisted of (i) a $1.0 billion five-year revolving credit facility (the "Revolver"), (ii) a $500.0 million five-year Term Loan A facility (the "Term Loan A Facility" and the Term A Loans thereunder, the "Term A Loans"), and (iii) a $1.1 billion seven-year Term Loan B facility (the "Term Loan B Facility" and the Term B Loans thereunder borrowed on April 20, 2022, the "2022 Term B Loans" and, together with the

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Revolver and Term Loan A Facility, the "Senior Secured Credit Facilities"), pursuant to a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement").

On December 15, 2023, we and the Borrower entered into Amendment No. 1 and Incremental Assumption Agreement (the "Amendment") to the Credit Agreement. The Amendment provided for a fungible add on to the 2022 Term B Loans in an aggregate principal amount of $300.0 million (the "2023 Incremental Term B Loans"). The terms of the 2023 Incremental Term B Loans, including pricing and maturity, are identical to the 2022 Term B Loans. The net proceeds from the 2023 Incremental Term B Loans were used to settle the cash tender offer by Perrigo Finance for $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.900% Senior Notes due 2024 ("2024 Notes"). The tender offer was settled on December 15, 2023, and Perrigo Finance accepted for purchase $300.0 million of the 2024 Notes and paid approximately $295.1 million in aggregate cash consideration (excluding accrued interest).

On December 15, 2024, we and the Borrower entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, which established a new tranche of loans under the Term B Facility (the "Term B Loans") and which refinanced all of the 2023 Incremental Term B Loans and the 2022 Term B Loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement in the aggregate amount of $984.7 million. The Term B Loans will mature on April 20, 2029. Refer to Item 8. Note 13.

Our short term debt as of December 31, 2025 of $36.6 million is comprised of (i) amortization payments for the Term A Loans and the Term B Loans and (ii) lease payments.

Term Loans and Notes

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had $1,394.3 million and $1,429.1 million, respectively, outstanding under our Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B Facility.

The interest rate net of derivatives results in a fixed rate on a substantial portion of our long-term debt, the earliest of which matures in April 2027.

We are in compliance with all the covenants under our debt agreements as of December 31, 2025.

Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Borrower’s option and depending on the currency borrowed, either the adjusted Term SOFR Rate, adjusted EURIBOR Rate, adjusted Daily Simple RFR or ABR (each as defined in the Credit Agreement), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Applicable margins and fees are outlined below:


	Applicable Margins
	Term SOFR Rate, EURIBOR Rate and Daily Simple RFR	Prime Rate and Daily Simple RFR	Per Annum Commitment Fee(2)
Term A Loans(1)	2.000% - 1.750%	1.000% - 0.750%	—
Term B Loans	2.000%	1.000%	—
Revolver(1)	2.000% - 1.375%	1.000% - 0.375%	0.250% - 0.175%

(1) Applicable margins are dependent upon our total net leverage ratio

(2) Payable on the undrawn amount

The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by us and certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries organized in the U.S., Ireland, Belgium, England and Wales (subject to certain exceptions) (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries” and together with the Company, the “Guarantors” and together with the Borrower, the "Loan Parties"). The Loan Parties’ obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured, subject to customary permitted liens and other exceptions, by a security interest in all tangible and intangible assets of the Loan Parties, except for certain excluded assets. We may make voluntary prepayments at any time without payment of a premium or penalty, subject to certain exceptions, and are required to make certain mandatory prepayments of outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Agreement in certain circumstances. Principal repayments of the Term Loan B Facility, which are due quarterly, are equal to 1.0% per annum (adjusted, in the case of incremental loans, to enable fungibility), with any remaining balance payable on the maturity date. Principal repayments of the Term Loan A Facility, which are due quarterly, began in September 2022 and are equal to (i) for the first year anniversary of the Closing Date (as defined in the Credit Agreement), 2.5% per annum of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A Facility incurred and (ii) after the first year anniversary of the Closing Date, 5.0% per annum of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A Facility incurred, with any remaining balance payable on the maturity date. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Borrower and

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

its restricted subsidiaries, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of junior indebtedness and dividends and other distributions. The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that require the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries to (a) not exceed a maximum first lien secured net leverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 at the end of each fiscal quarter and (b) not fall below a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 at the end of each fiscal quarter, provided that such covenants apply only to the Revolver and the Term Loan A Facility. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, failure to make payments, breach of covenants and breach of representations. If we consummate certain qualifying acquisitions during the term of the loan, we can elect to increase the maximum first lien secured net leverage ratio to 3.25 to 1.00 for the quarter in which the acquisition occurs and the three following fiscal quarters thereafter.

Leases

We had $190.5 million and $195.1 million of lease liabilities and $179.3 million and $186.9 million of lease assets as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. For information on our operating and finance lease obligations and the amount and timing of future payments refer to Item 8. Note 9.

Available Resources

We have overdraft facilities available that we use to support our cash management operations. We report any balances outstanding in "Other Financing" in Item 8. Note 13. There were no borrowings outstanding under the overdraft facilities as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

There were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolver as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. We are subject to certain financial covenants in the Revolver and Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all such covenants under our debt agreements.

Credit Ratings

Our credit ratings on December 31, 2025 were Ba3 (stable), BB- (stable), and BB (stable), by Moody's Investor Services, S&P Global Ratings ("S&P"), and Fitch Ratings Inc. ("Fitch"), respectively. On December 12, 2025, Moody's Investor Services downgraded our issuer credit rating to Ba3 from Ba2 and adjusted the rating outlook to stable.

Due to the downgrade by Moody's Investor Services, the interest rate on the 3.150% Senior Notes due 2030 will increase from 4.900% to 5.150% for payments made after June 15, 2026. Interest rate adjustments for the 3.150% Senior Notes due 2030 are subject to a 2.0% cap above the original 3.150% interest rate, ensuring that the interest rate does not exceed the 5.150%. This adjustment is contingent upon certain rating events, as outlined in the Note’s Supplemental Indenture No. 3, dated as of June 19, 2020, among Perrigo Finance Unlimited Company, Perrigo Company plc and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, serving as trustee.

Credit rating agencies review their ratings periodically, and therefore, the credit rating assigned to us by each agency may be subject to revision at any time. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our credit ratings will remain as disclosed above. Factors that can affect our credit ratings include, but are not limited to, changes in operating performance, the economic environment, our financial position, and changes in business strategy. If changes in our credit ratings were to occur, they could impact, among other things, future borrowing costs, access to capital markets, and vendor financing terms. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities.

Guarantor Financial Information

As detailed in Item 8. Note 13, the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the Borrower provide full and unconditional guarantees, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, of the 5.300% Notes due 2043 issued by the Company, and the Loan Parties provide full and unconditional guarantees, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, of the 4.900% Notes due 2030, the 5.375% Euro Notes due 2032, the 6.125% USD Notes due 2032, and the 4.900% Notes due 2044 issued by Perrigo Finance.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

The guarantees of the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Company and the Borrower are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions. The guarantees of the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Company and the Borrower rank senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of the Company, equal in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness and effectively subordinated to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness.

Basis of Presentation

The following tables include summarized financial information of the obligor groups of debt issued by Perrigo Finance and the Company. The summarized financial information of each obligor group is presented on a combined basis with balances and transactions within the obligor group eliminated. Investments in and the equity in earnings of non-guarantor subsidiaries, which would otherwise be consolidated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are excluded from the below summarized financial information pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 13-01.

The summarized balance sheet information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Perrigo Finance and the Company is presented in the table below:


	Year Ended
(in millions)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Current assets	$	1,919.1	$	1,792.5
Non-current assets	$	3,959.8	$	4,284.5
Current liabilities	$	720.6	$	731.8
Non-current liabilities	$	10,216.1	$	12,144.5
Due to non-guarantors	$	6,020.6	$	8,131.3

The summarized results of operations information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Perrigo Finance and the Company is presented in the table below:


	Year Ended
(in millions)	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Total revenues	$	3,064.7	$	3,118.4
Gross profit	$	911.8	$	944.6
Operating income (loss)	$	(17.6)	$	(27.8)
Net income (loss)	$	791.2	$	(147.5)
Revenue from non-guarantors	$	374.3	$	529.3
Operating expenses to non-guarantors	$	(1.3)	$	(1.8)
Other (income) expense to non-guarantors	$	(1,072.1)	$	(182.9)

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, net sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

Our enforceable and legally binding obligations as of December 31, 2025 are set forth in the following table. Some of the amounts included in this table are based on management’s estimates and assumptions about these obligations, including the duration, the possibility of renewal, anticipated actions by third parties and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are necessarily subjective, the enforceable and legally binding obligations actually paid in future periods may vary from the amounts reflected in the table (in millions):

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources


	Payment Due
	2026		2027-2028		2029-2030		After 2030		Total
Short and long-term debt (1)	$	275.6	$	837.2	$	1,940.1	$	1,905.8	$	4,958.7
Finance lease obligations	2.1		3.6		3.3		5.7		14.7
Purchase obligations (2)	275.2		—		—		—		275.2
Operating leases (3)	31.5		55.1		36.3		85.3		208.2
Other contractual liabilities reflected on the consolidated balance sheets:
Deferred compensation and benefits (4)	—		—		—		58.9		58.9
Other (5)	125.9		47.1		—		—		173.0
Total	$	710.3	$	943.0	$	1,979.7	$	2,055.7	$	5,688.7

(1)Short-term and long-term debt includes interest payments, which were calculated using the effective interest rate at December 31, 2025.

(2)Consists of commitments for both materials and services.

(3)Used in normal course of business, principally for warehouse facilities and computer equipment.

(4)Includes amounts associated with non-qualified plans related to deferred compensation, executive retention and post-employment benefits. Of this amount, we have funded $35.3 million, which is recorded in Other non-current assets on the balance sheet. These amounts are assumed payable after five years, although certain circumstances, such as termination, would require earlier payment.

(5)Primarily includes consulting fees, legal settlements, restructuring accruals, insurance obligations, and electrical and gas purchase contracts, which were accrued in Other current liabilities and Other non-current liabilities at December 31, 2025 for all years.

We fund our U.S. qualified profit-sharing and investment plan in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 regulations for the minimum annual required contribution and Internal Revenue Service regulations for the maximum annual allowable tax deduction. We are committed to making the required minimum contributions, which we expect to be approximately $37.9 million over the next 12 months. Future contributions are dependent upon various factors, including employees’ eligible compensation, plan participation and changes, if any, to current funding requirements. Therefore, no amounts were included in the Contractual Obligations table above. We generally expect to fund all future contributions with cash flows from operating activities.

As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $391.8 million of liabilities for uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties. These liabilities have been excluded from the Contractual Obligations table above, and the related tax benefits have not been recognized, due to uncertainty as to the amounts and timing of settlement with taxing authorities.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, which affect the reported earnings, financial position and various disclosures. Critical accounting estimates involve a significant level of uncertainty and could have a material impact on results. These estimates are based on judgment and available information. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates.

Income Taxes

We earn income in numerous countries and this income is subject to the laws of taxing jurisdictions within those countries. Significant judgement is required in determining our worldwide effective tax rate, provision for income taxes and recording the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. Our annual effective tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Also inherent in determining our annual effective tax rate are judgements and assumptions related to, among other things, the recoverability of certain deferred tax balances, primarily net operating loss and other carryforwards; our ability to uphold certain tax positions; adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns; changes in available tax credits, grants and other incentives; changes in stock-based compensation expense; changes in U.S. GAAP; expiration of or the inability to renew tax rulings or tax holiday incentives; and the repatriation of earnings with respect to which we have not previously provided taxes. There are inherent uncertainties related to the interpretations of tax regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate and our interpretation of transfer pricing standards. These judgments and estimates made at a point in time may change based on the outcome of tax audits and changes to, or further interpretations of, regulations. If such changes take place, there is a risk that our tax rate may increase or decrease in any period, which would impact our earnings. Future business results may affect deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of deferred tax assets over time. For the

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Critical Accounting Estimates

year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded a net increase in valuation allowances of $129.9 million primarily related to the change in realizability of our deferred tax assets in the U.S.

Additionally, the final determination with respect to any tax audit, and any related litigation, could be materially different from our estimates or from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Future period earnings may also be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties, and/or interest assessments. Refer to Item 8. Note 19 for additional details on the Company's income taxes.

Legal Contingencies

We are involved in product liability, patent, commercial, regulatory and other legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of business. Other than loss contingencies that are assumed in business combinations for which we can reliably estimate the fair value, we record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within that range is a better estimate, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If a loss is not probable or a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, no liability is recorded. We evaluate our exposure to loss based on the progress of each contingency, experience in similar contingencies and consultation with our legal counsel and have established reserves for certain of our legal matters. We re-evaluate all contingencies as additional information becomes available and adjustments are made to ensure estimates reflect an accurate liability until the contingency in question is ultimately settled. We do not incorporate insurance recoveries into our reserves for legal contingencies. We separately record receivables for amounts due under insurance policies when we consider the realization of recoveries for claims to be probable, which may be different than the timing in which we establish the loss reserves. Given the uncertainties inherent in complex litigation and other contingencies, these evaluations can involve significant judgement about future events. The ultimate outcome of any litigation or other contingency may be material to our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the loss accrual for litigation contingencies reflected on the balance sheet in Other accrued liabilities was $59.0 million and $76.8 million, respectively. Refer to Item 8. Note 20 for additional details on the Company's contingencies.

Acquisition Accounting

We account for acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at fair value, with limited exceptions. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the specifically identified assets is recorded as goodwill. If the acquired net assets do not constitute a business, or substantially all of the fair value is in a single asset or group of similar assets, the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition and no goodwill is recognized. In an asset acquisition, acquired IPR&D with no alternative future use is charged to expense at the acquisition date.

Significant judgment is required in estimating the fair value of intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. The acquired intangible assets can include customer relationships, trademarks, trade names, brands, developed product technology and IPR&D assets. For acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, IPR&D is considered to be an indefinite-lived intangible asset until the research is completed, at which point it then becomes a definite-lived intangible asset, or is determined to have no future use and is then impaired and charged to expense. There are several methods that can be used to determine the fair value of our intangible assets. We typically use an income approach to value the specifically identifiable intangible assets which is based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows. We have historically used a relief from royalty or multi-period excess earnings methodology. The fair value estimates are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management. We typically consult with an independent advisor to assist in the valuation of these intangible assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations include discount rates, revenue growth assumptions and expected profit margins. We consider marketplace participant assumptions in determining the amount and timing of future cash flows along with the length of our customer relationships, attrition, product or technology life cycles, barriers to entry and the risk associated with the cash flows in concluding upon our discount rate. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, we may record adjustments to the purchase accounting. In addition, unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances may occur that could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions used at the time of the acquisition.

Our assessment as to the useful lives of intangible assets is based on a number of factors including competitive environment, market share, trademark, brand history, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Critical Accounting Estimates

macroeconomic environment of the countries in which the trademarked or branded products are sold. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset requires judgement, as different assets will have different useful lives or may even have an indefinite life. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized to expense over their estimated useful life.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents amounts paid for an acquisition of a business in excess of the fair value of net assets received. We perform annual goodwill impairment testing on the first day of the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events suggest impairment may exist. During the fourth quarter, we observed a sustained decrease in share price, lower expected cash flows principally related to infant formula market dynamics and a change in expectations of the broader self-care market for both the Americas and International business, which we considered a triggering event. Therefore, we performed an impairment test as of December 31, 2025, in addition to our annual test performed as of September 28, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, we have two reporting units. Our CSCA operating segment is equivalent to our CSCA reporting unit, and our CSCI operating segment is equivalent to our CSCI reporting unit.

The test for impairment requires us to make several significant assumptions that impact our estimate of the fair value of a reporting unit, including the perpetual growth rate and discount rate. These assumptions are considered critical due to the sensitivity of changes in these assumptions to the related estimate of fair value. The discount rates used in testing each of our reporting units’ goodwill for impairment during our testing were based on the weighted average cost of capital determined for each of our reporting units. In our impairment test as of December 31, 2025, discount rates ranged from 11.00% to 11.50%, and perpetual growth rates were 2.50%. In our annual impairment test as of September 29, 2024, discount rates ranged from 10.50% to 11.25%, and perpetual growth rates were 2.50%.

Our CSCA and CSCI reporting units had indications of potential impairment during the three months ended December 31, 2025, primarily driven by a sustained decrease in share price, lower expected cash flows principally related to infant formula market dynamics and a change in expectations of the broader self-care market for both the Americas and International business. We prepared quantitative analyses as of December 31, 2025 and determined the carrying value of the CSCA and CSCI reporting units exceeded their estimated fair value. We recognized a goodwill impairment of $917.1 million for CSCA, resulting in $1,168.8 million of goodwill in this reporting unit after the impairment and recognized a goodwill impairment of $407.1 million for CSCI, resulting in $881.3 million of goodwill in this reporting unit after the impairment. We continue to monitor the progress of our reporting units and assess them for potential impairment should impairment indicators arise, as applicable, and at least annually during our fourth quarter impairment testing.

The cash flow forecasts used for our reporting units include assumptions about future activity levels in the near term and longer-term. If growth in our reporting units is lower than expected, we may experience deterioration in our cash flow forecasts that may indicate goodwill in one or more reporting units is impaired in future impairment tests. An increase in the discount rate could negatively impact the estimated fair value of the reporting units and lead to future impairment. Furthermore, our estimates of fair value give consideration to the level of implied control premium, which is the amount a buyer is willing to pay over the current market price of a company (i.e. market capitalization) to acquire a controlling interest. We may experience further sustained decreases in our market capitalization which could imply an impairment of one or more of our reporting units.

The goodwill impairment that we recorded in the CSCA and CSCI reporting units during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2025 adjusted the carrying values of the reporting units to their estimated fair values. An increase in the discount rate over the next twelve months could negatively impact the estimated fair value of the reporting units and lead to a future impairment. Certain macroeconomic factors which are not controlled by the reporting units, such as rising inflation or interest rates, could cause an increase in the discount rate to occur. Deterioration in performance of our reporting units over the next twelve months, such as lower than expected revenue or profitability that has a sustained impact on future periods, could also represent potential indicators of impairment requiring further impairment analysis. We have experienced significant decreases in our market capitalization. Given the sensitivity of assumptions on control premium, further decreases in our market capitalization in the next twelve months, could represent a potential impairment indicator requiring further impairment analysis.

During the three months ending June 29, 2024, we recorded goodwill impairment charge of $22.1 million related to our now divested Rare Disease reporting unit. During the three months ended September 28, 2024, we recorded an impairment charge of $5.4 million for our CSCI reporting unit related to the now divested Hospital & Specialty

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7

Critical Accounting Estimates

disposal group. During the three months ending December 31, 2025 we recorded goodwill impairment charges of $1.3 billion for our CSCA and CSCI reporting units related to sustained decrease in share price, lower expected cash flows principally related to infant formula market dynamics and a change in expectations of the broader self-care market for both the Americas and International business. We continue to monitor the progress of our reporting units and assess them for potential impairment should impairment indicators arise, as applicable, and at least annually during our fourth quarter impairment testing.

See Item 8. Note 10 and Note 11 for further information.

In connection with the January 1, 2026 segment reorganization (see Item 8. Note 22), the Company will change from two reporting segments to three reporting segments.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Pronouncements

See Item 8. Note 1 for information regarding recently issued accounting standards.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Exchange Risk

We are a global company with operations primarily throughout North America, Europe, China, and Australia. We transact business in each location's local currency and in foreign currencies, thereby creating exposures to changes in exchange rates. Our largest exposure is the movement of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro.

Due to different sales and cost structures, certain segments experience a negative impact and certain segments a positive impact as a result of changes in exchange rates. We estimate the translation effect of a ten percent devaluation of the U.S. dollar relative to the other foreign currencies in which we transact business would not materially affect operating income of our non U.S. operating units for the year ended December 31, 2025. This sensitivity analysis has inherent limitations. The analysis disregards the possibility that rates of multiple foreign currencies will not always move in the same direction relative to the value of the U.S. dollar over time and does not account for foreign exchange derivatives that we utilize to mitigate fluctuations in exchange rates.

In addition, we enter into certain purchase commitments for materials that, although denominated in U.S. dollars, are linked to foreign currency valuations. These commitments generally contain a range for which the price of materials may fluctuate over time given the value of a foreign currency.

The translation of the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar denominated operations is made using local currency exchange rates as of the end of the year. Translation adjustments are not included in determining net income but are disclosed in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") within shareholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets until a sale or substantially complete liquidation of the net investment in the subsidiary takes place. In certain markets, we could recognize a significant gain or loss related to unrealized cumulative translation adjustments if we were to exit the market and liquidate our net investment. As of December 31, 2025, cumulative net currency translation adjustments increased shareholders’ equity by $9.3 million.

We monitor and strive to manage risk related to foreign currency exchange rates. Exposures that cannot be naturally offset within a local entity to an immaterial amount are often hedged with foreign exchange derivatives or netted with offsetting exposures at other entities. We cannot predict future changes in foreign currency movements and fluctuations that could materially impact earnings.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 7A

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of interest income earned on our investment of cash on hand and interest expense on borrowings. We have in the past, and may in the future, enter into certain derivative financial instruments related to the management of interest rate risk, when available on a cost-effective basis. These instruments are managed on a consolidated basis to efficiently net exposures and thus take advantage of any natural offsets. Gains and losses on hedging transactions are offset by gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. A 1% increase in interest rates would result in approximately $2.3 million of additional annual interest expense in 2026.

Inflation Risk

Inflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our products and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. A high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and selling and administration expenses if the selling prices of our products do not increase with these increased costs. We manage the impact of inflation through pricing and supply chain cost reduction and optimization initiatives. Refer to Item 8. Note 1 and Note 12 for further information regarding our derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA


INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		PAGE NO.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42)		58

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting		60

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		61

Consolidated Statements of Operations		62

Consolidated Balance Sheets		63

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)		64

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		65

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity		67

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	68

2	Revenue Recognition	76

3	Divestitures and Acquisitions	77

4	A ssets Held for Sale	78

5	Discontinued Operations	78

6	Inventories	79

7	Investments	79

8	Property, Plant and Equipment, net	80

9	Leases	80

10	Goodwill and Intangible Assets	82

11	Fair Value Measurements	84

12	Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities	86

13	Indebtedness	94

14	Post-Employment Plans	97

15	Earnings per Share and Shareholders' Equity	101

16	Share-Based Compensation Plans	102

17	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	105

18	Restructuring Charges	106

19	Income Taxes	107

20	Commitments and Contingencies	113

21	Segment and Geographic Information	120

22	Subsequent Event	123

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Perrigo Company plc

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Perrigo Company plc (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 26, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.


						Valuation of Goodwill
Description of the Matter						At December 31, 2025, goodwill was $2,050.1 million. During 2025, the Company recognized $1,325.3 million as goodwill impairment charges. As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level. The Company’s goodwill is initially assigned to its reporting units as of the acquisition date. Auditing management’s goodwill impairment test was complex due to the significant measurement uncertainty in determining the fair value of the reporting units. In particular, the fair value estimates were sensitive to significant assumptions such as revenue growth rates, projected margins, and discount rate, which are affected by expected future market or economic conditions.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8


How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit						We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s goodwill impairment assessment process. For example, we tested controls over management’s review of the significant assumptions discussed above. To test the fair value of the Company’s reporting units, our audit procedures included, among others, assessing methodologies used and testing the significant assumptions discussed above as well as the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by the Company. For example, we compared the significant assumptions used by management to current industry and economic trends, changes in the Company’s business model, customer base or product mix and other relevant factors. We performed sensitivity analyses of the significant assumptions to evaluate the change in the fair value of the reporting unit resulting from changes in the assumptions. We reviewed the reconciliation of the fair value of the reporting units to the market capitalization of the Company and evaluated the implied control premium. We also assessed the historical accuracy of the significant assumptions used by management to determine the fair value of its reporting units. The evaluation of the Company’s methodology and significant assumptions was performed with the assistance of our valuation specialists.
						Uncertain Tax Positions
Description of the Matter						As described in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company operates in multiple jurisdictions with complex tax policy and regulatory environments and establishes reserves for uncertain tax positions, which includes certain transfer pricing matters, in accordance with the accounting guidance governing uncertainty in income taxes. Uncertainty in a tax position may arise because tax laws are subject to interpretation. The Company uses significant judgment to (1) determine whether, based on the technical merits, a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and (2) measure the amount of tax benefit that qualifies for recognition. At December 31, 2025, the Company had liabilities of $300.2 million, excluding interest and penalties, relating to uncertain tax positions. Auditing the measurement of the Company’s uncertain tax positions for certain transfer pricing matters was challenging because the evaluation of whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and the measurement of the benefit of certain tax positions can be complex, involves significant judgment, and is based on interpretations of tax laws and legal rulings.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit						We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s accounting process for uncertain tax positions. For example, we tested controls over management’s application of the recognition and measurement principles for uncertain tax positions related to certain transfer pricing matters for current year developments. Our audit procedures included, among others, assessing the Company’s correspondence with the relevant tax authorities and evaluating income tax opinions or other third-party advice obtained by the Company related to current year developments. To test the Company’s assessment and measurement of uncertain tax positions for certain transfer pricing matters, we involved our tax professionals to assess whether the uncertain tax positions identified by the Company are more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit and, if so, to assist in testing the assumptions made by the Company in measuring the amount of tax benefit that qualifies for recognition. We also used our knowledge of, and experience with, the application of domestic and international income tax laws by the relevant income tax authorities to evaluate the Company’s assessments of whether the uncertain tax position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained and, if so, the potential outcomes that could occur upon an audit by a taxing authority. We tested the completeness and accuracy of the data and calculations used to determine the amount of tax benefit to recognize. We also evaluated the adequacy of the Company’s disclosures to the consolidated financial statements in relation to these matters.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2008.

Grand Rapids, Michigan

February 26, 2026

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of Perrigo Company plc is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

•Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;

•Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

•Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

All systems of internal control, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems deemed to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Because of inherent limitations, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. The framework used in carrying out our evaluation was the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations ("COSO") of the Treadway Commission. In evaluating our information technology controls, we also used components of the framework contained in the Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology, which was developed by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association’s IT Governance Institute, as a complement to the COSO internal control framework. Management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025. The results of management’s assessment have been reviewed with our Audit Committee.

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, also audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report that is included herein.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Perrigo Company plc

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Perrigo Company plc’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Perrigo Company plc (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and our report dated February 26, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Grand Rapids, Michigan

February 26, 2026

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

PERRIGO COMPANY PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in millions, except per share amounts)


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Net sales	$	4,253.1	$	4,373.4	$	4,655.6
Cost of sales	2,758.6		2,830.7		2,975.2
Gross profit	1,494.5		1,542.7		1,680.4

Operating expenses
Distribution	93.4		98.0		110.5
Research and development	95.4		112.2		122.5
Selling	526.5		546.6		641.8
Administration	435.9		468.0		522.3
Impairment charges	1,363.1		88.9		90.0
Restructuring	71.9		110.1		42.2
Other operating (income) expense, net	30.5		6.0		(0.8)
Total operating expenses	2,616.7		1,429.8		1,528.5

Operating income (loss)	(1,122.2)		112.9		151.9


Interest expense, net	162.5		187.8		173.8
Other (income) expense, net	13.2		(0.9)		(10.4)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		6.7		(3.2)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes	(1,297.9)		(80.7)		(8.3)
Income tax expense	104.4		80.0		(3.9)
Loss from continuing operations	(1,402.3)		(160.7)		(4.4)
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(23.1)		(11.1)		(8.3)
Net income (loss)	$	(1,425.4)	$	(171.8)	$	(12.7)

Earnings (loss) per share
Basic
Continuing operations	$	(10.12)	$	(1.17)	$	(0.03)
Discontinued operations	$	(0.17)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.06)
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	(10.29)	$	(1.25)	$	(0.09)
Diluted
Continuing operations	$	(10.12)	$	(1.17)	$	(0.03)
Discontinued operations	$	(0.17)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.06)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	(10.29)	$	(1.25)	$	(0.09)

Weighted-average shares outstanding
Basic	138.5		137.4		135.3
Diluted	138.5		137.4		135.3

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

PERRIGO COMPANY PLC

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except per share amounts)


	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	531.6	$	558.8
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $6.5 and $7.4, respectively	612.8		642.3
Inventories	1,149.0		1,081.8

Prepaid expenses and other current assets	231.4		199.0
Current assets held for sale	272.6		—
Total current assets	2,797.4		2,481.9
Property, plant and equipment, net	898.7		917.8
Operating lease assets	167.8		175.2
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets	2,054.7		3,325.4
Definite-lived intangible assets, net	2,351.5		2,423.7
Deferred income taxes	3.3		5.1

Other non-current assets	261.8		318.6
Total non-current assets	5,737.8		7,165.8
Total assets	$	8,535.2	$	9,647.7
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	474.5	$	495.2
Payroll and related taxes	112.2		123.2
Accrued customer programs	111.4		133.3
Other accrued liabilities	230.6		238.7
Accrued income taxes	20.8		17.4

Current indebtedness	36.6		36.4
Current liabilities held for sale	26.8		—
Total current liabilities	1,012.9		1,044.2
Non-current liabilities
Long-term debt, less current portion	3,603.6		3,581.7
Deferred income taxes	168.9		203.2
Other non-current liabilities	814.3		499.2

Total non-current liabilities	4,586.8		4,284.1
Total liabilities	5,599.7		5,328.3
Contingencies - Refer to Note 20
Shareholders’ equity
Controlling interests:
Preferred shares, $0.0001 par value per share, 10 shares authorized	—		—
Ordinary shares, €0.001 par value per share, 10,000 shares authorized	6,608.2		6,733.9
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	4.8		(162.4)
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)	(3,677.5)		(2,252.1)


Total shareholders’ equity	2,935.5		4,319.4
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	8,535.2	$	9,647.7

Supplemental Disclosures of Balance Sheet Information
Preferred shares, issued and outstanding	—		—
Ordinary shares, issued and outstanding	137.6		136.5

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

PERRIGO COMPANY PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in millions)


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

Net income (loss)	$	(1,425.4)	$	(171.8)	$	(12.7)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	205.3		(192.0)		54.6
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of tax	(38.1)		19.8		(7.4)

Change in post-retirement and pension liability, net of tax	—		(0.9)		(9.5)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	167.2		(173.1)		37.7
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,258.2)	$	(344.9)	$	25.0

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

PERRIGO COMPANY PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash Flows From (For) Operating Activities
Net income (loss)	$	(1,425.4)	$	(171.8)	$	(12.7)
Adjustments to derive cash flows:
Depreciation and amortization	337.5		325.9		359.5
Impairment charges	1,363.1		88.9		90.0
Share-based compensation	54.6		64.4		68.8
Restructuring charges	67.0		99.9		41.1
Settlement of interest rate derivatives	—		41.2		—
Amortization of debt discount	9.0		8.9		2.3
Gain (loss) on sale of business	1.6		(6.4)		—

Gain on sale of assets	—		(28.1)		(4.1)
Dedesignation of interest rate swap agreements	—		14.4		—
Amortization on hedging instruments	(23.8)		(10.1)		1.7
Deferred income taxes	(50.8)		9.8		(106.6)
Other non-cash adjustments, net	6.8		0.6		24.0
Subtotal	339.6		437.6		464.0
(Decrease) increase in cash due to:
Accounts receivable	30.7		(11.1)		(57.1)
Inventories	(61.1)		13.7		19.4
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	8.4		20.1		47.5
Accounts payable	(28.7)		54.2		(65.9)
Payroll and related taxes	(63.4)		(94.4)		(52.8)
Accrued customer programs	(26.2)		(25.6)		23.2
Other accrued liabilities	(16.5)		(1.3)		6.6
Accrued income taxes	55.9		(31.8)		(12.9)
Other long term liabilities	(0.2)		—		7.6
Other operating, net	—		1.5		25.9
Subtotal	(101.1)		(74.7)		(58.5)
Net cash from operating activities	238.5		362.9		405.5
Cash Flows From (For) Investing Activities
Proceeds from royalty rights	5.6		5.2		19.8

Asset acquisitions, net	(1.5)		(13.3)		—
Settlement of foreign currency derivatives	—		(48.2)		—
Proceeds from sale of assets	—		37.9		4.4
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(93.4)		(118.3)		(101.7)
Net proceeds from sale of businesses	14.4		215.5		—
Other investing, net	(0.5)		—		—
Net cash (for) from investing activities	(75.4)		78.8		(77.5)
Cash Flows From (For) Financing Activities
Issuances of long-term debt	—		1,091.2		295.1
Payments on long-term debt	(34.8)		(1,529.0)		(325.3)


Payments for debt issuance costs	—		(4.7)		—


Cash dividends	(159.3)		(152.5)		(149.7)

Shares used to settle taxes	(19.1)		(15.5)		(18.8)
Other financing, net	(7.3)		(0.5)		11.5
Net cash for financing activities	(220.5)		(611.0)		(187.2)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	32.5		(23.2)		9.8
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(24.9)		(192.5)		150.6
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, beginning of period	558.8		751.3		600.7
Cash and cash equivalents held for sale, beginning of period	—		—		—
Less cash and cash equivalents held for sale, end of period	(2.3)		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, end of period	$	531.6	$	558.8	$	751.3

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid/received during the year for:
Interest paid	$	202.0	$	251.4	$	276.9
Interest received	$	60.4	$	75.0	$	100.8
Income taxes paid	$	98.9	$	155.7	$	107.5
Income taxes refunded	$	20.2	$	2.6	$	10.7

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

PERRIGO COMPANY PLC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions, except per share amounts)


	Ordinary Shares Issued			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	134.7	$	6,936.7	$	(27.0)	$	(2,067.6)	$	4,842.1

Net loss	—	—		—		(12.7)		(12.7)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		37.7		—		37.7
Issuance of ordinary shares under:



Restricted stock plan	1.3	—		—		—		—

Compensation for restricted stock	—	68.8		—		—		68.8
Cash dividends, $1.09 per share	—	(149.7)		—		—		(149.7)

Shares withheld for payment of employees' withholding tax liability	(0.5)	(18.3)		—		—		(18.3)

Balance at December 31, 2023	135.5	6,837.5		10.7		(2,080.3)		4,767.9


Net loss	—	—		—		(171.8)		(171.8)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		(173.1)		—		(173.1)
Issuance of ordinary shares under:

Restricted stock plan	1.5	—		—		—		—

Compensation for restricted stock	—	64.4		—		—		64.4
Cash dividends, $1.10 per share	—	(152.5)		—		—		(152.5)

Shares withheld for payment of employees' withholding tax liability	(0.5)	(15.5)		—		—		(15.5)


Balance at December 31, 2024	136.5	6,733.9		(162.4)		(2,252.1)		4,319.4


Net loss	—	—		—		(1,425.4)		(1,425.4)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		167.2		—		167.2
Issuance of ordinary shares under:

Restricted stock plan	1.8	—		—		—		—

Compensation for restricted stock	—	55.2		—		—		55.2
Cash dividends, $1.16 per share	—	(161.8)		—		—		(161.8)

Shares withheld for payment of employees' withholding tax liability	(0.7)	(19.1)		—		—		(19.1)

Balance at December 31, 2025	137.6	$	6,608.2	$	4.8	$	(3,677.5)	$	2,935.5

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

Note 1

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General Information

Basis of Presentation

Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include our accounts and accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Some amounts in this report may not add due to rounding. Our fiscal year begins on January 1 and ends on December 31. We end our quarterly accounting periods on the Saturday closest to the end of the calendar quarter, with the fourth quarter ending on December 31 of each year.

We have arrangements with certain companies that we determined to be variable interest entities ("VIEs"). We did not consolidate the VIEs in our financial statements as we lack the power to direct activities that most significantly impact their economic performance and thus are not considered the primary beneficiaries of these entities.

Segment Reporting

Our reporting and operating segments are as follows:

•Consumer Self-Care Americas ("CSCA") comprises our consumer self-care business in the U.S. and Canada.

•Consumer Self-Care International ("CSCI") comprises our consumer self-care business outside of the U.S. and Canada, primarily in Europe and Australia.

We previously had an Rx segment which was comprised of our generic prescription pharmaceuticals business in the U.S., and other pharmaceuticals and diagnostic business in Israel, which have been divested. Following the divestiture, there were no substantial assets or operations left in this segment. The Rx segment was reported as Discontinued Operations in 2021, and is presented as such for all periods in this report (refer to Note 5).

Our segments reflect the way in which our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), who is our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), makes operating decisions, allocates resources and manages the growth and profitability of the Company. Financial information related to our business segments and geographic locations can be found in Note 2 and Note 21.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, which affect the reported earnings, financial position and various disclosures. These estimates are based on judgment and available information. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

We translate our non-U.S. dollar-denominated operations’ assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars at current rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date and income and expense items at the average exchange rate for the reporting period. Translation adjustments resulting from exchange rate fluctuations are recorded in the cumulative translation account, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"). Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in Other (income) expense, net.

Perrigo Company plc - Item 8

Note 1

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposits and other short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Expected credit losses on trade receivables and contract assets are measured collectively by geographic location. Historical credit loss experience provides the primary basis for estimation of expected credit losses and is adjusted for current conditions and for reasonable and supportable forecasts. Receivables that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. The following table presents the allowance for credit losses activity (in millions):


	Year Ended
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	7.4	$	7.8	$	6.8
Provision for credit losses, net	2.5		1.2		1.1
Receivables written-off	(4.0)		(1.2)		(0.6)
Recoveries collected	0.1		—		0.3

Currency translation adjustment	0.5		(0.4)		0.2
Balance at end of period	$	6.5	$	7.4	$	7.8

Trade receivables and contract assets are charged off against the allowance when the balance is no longer deemed collectible.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in first-out method. Inventory related to research and development ("R&D") is expensed when it is determined the materials have no alternative future use. We maintain reserves for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory based on the difference between the cost of the inventory and its estimated net realizable value. Factors utilized in the determination of net realizable value include excess or slow-moving inventories, product expiration dating, products on quality hold, customer demand and market conditions.

Investments

Equity Method Investments

The equity method of accounting is used for unconsolidated entities over which we have significant influence; generally, this represents ownership interests of at least 20% and not more than 50%. Under the equity method of accounting, we record the investments at carrying value and adjust for a proportionate share of the profits and losses of these entities each period. We evaluate our equity method investments for recoverability. If we determine that a loss in the value of an investment is other than temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value. Evaluations of recoverability are based primarily on projected cash flows.

Fair Value Method Investments

Equity investments in which we own less than a 20% interest and cannot exert significant influence are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net income. For equity investments without readily determinable fair values, we may use the Net Asset Value ("NAV") per share as a practical expedient to measure the fair value, if eligible. If the NAV practical expedient cannot be applied, we may elect to use a measurement alternative until the investment’s fair value becomes readily determinable. Under the alternative method, the equity investments are accounted for at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer.

Derivative Instruments

We recognize the entire change in the fair value of the derivatives designated as:

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•Cash flow hedges in Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI"). The amounts recorded in OCI are reclassified to earnings in the same line item on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as impacted by the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings;

•Fair value hedges in the same line item on the Consolidated Statements of Operations that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item; and

•Net investment hedges in OCI classified as a currency translation adjustment. The amounts recorded in OCI are reclassified to earnings when the net investment in foreign operations is sold or substantially liquidated.

We exclude option premiums, forward points, and cross-currency basis spread from our assessment of hedge effectiveness, as allowable excluded components from certain of our cash flow and net investment hedges. We have elected to recognize the initial value of the excluded component on a straight-line basis over the life of the derivative instrument, within the same line item on the Consolidated Statements of Operations that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item.

We record derivative instruments on the balance sheet on a gross basis as either an asset or liability measured at fair value (refer to Note 11). Changes in a derivative's fair value are measured at the end of each period and are recognized in earnings unless a derivative can be designated in a qualifying hedging relationship. All realized and unrealized gains and losses are included within operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Designated derivatives meet hedge accounting criteria, which means the fair value of the hedge is recorded in shareholders’ equity as a component of OCI, net of tax. The deferred gains and losses are recognized in income in the period in which the hedged item affects earnings. All of our designated derivatives are assessed for hedge effectiveness quarterly.

We also have economic non-designated derivatives that we have not elected hedge accounting. These derivative instruments are adjusted to current market value at the end of each period through earnings. Gains or losses on these instruments are offset substantially by the remeasurement adjustment on the related hedged item.

We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties on derivative contracts. We manage our credit risk on these transactions by dealing only with financial institutions that have short-term credit ratings of at least A-2/P-2 and long-term credit ratings of at least A-/A3, and by distributing the contracts among several financial institutions to diversify credit concentration risk. Should a counterparty default, our maximum exposure to loss is the asset balance of the instrument. The maximum term of our forward currency exchange contracts is 60 months.

We enter into certain derivative financial instruments, when available on a cost-effective basis, to mitigate our risk associated with changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates as follows:

Interest rate risk management - We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes through our cash investments and borrowings. We utilize a variety of strategies to manage the impact of changes in interest rates including using a mix of debt maturities along with both fixed-rate and variable-rate debt. In addition, we may enter into treasury-lock agreements and interest rate swap agreements on certain investing and borrowing transactions to manage our exposure to interest rate changes and our overall cost of borrowing.

Foreign currency exchange risk management - We conduct business in several major currencies other than the U.S. dollar and are subject to risks associated with changing foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to reduce cash flow volatility associated with foreign exchange rate changes on a consolidated basis to allow management to focus its attention on business operations. Accordingly, we enter into various contracts that change in value as foreign exchange rates change to protect the value of existing foreign currency assets and liabilities, commitments, anticipated foreign currency sales and expenses, and net investments in foreign operations.

All derivative instruments are managed on a consolidated basis to efficiently net exposures and thus, take advantage of any natural offsets. Gains and losses related to the derivative instruments are expected to be offset largely by gains and losses on the original underlying asset or liability. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

The impact of gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments related to changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are generally offset by net foreign exchange gains and losses, which are also included on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in Other (income) expense, net for all periods presented. When we enter into foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments to mitigate the impact of exchange rate volatility in the translation of foreign earnings, gains

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and losses will generally be offset by fluctuations in the U.S. dollar-translated amounts of each Income Statement account in current and/or future periods.

For more information on our derivatives, refer to Note 12.

Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment, net is recorded at cost and is depreciated using the straight-line method. We capitalize certain computer software and development costs, included in machinery and equipment, when incurred in connection with developing or obtaining computer software for internal use. Maintenance and repair costs are charged to earnings, while expenditures that increase asset lives are capitalized.

Leases

Lease assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We evaluate arrangements at inception to determine if lease components are included. For new leases beginning January 1, 2019 or later, we have elected not to separate lease components from the non-lease components included in an arrangement when measuring the leased asset and leased liability for all asset classes.

Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We apply the portfolio approach to certain groups of computer equipment and vehicle leases when the term, classification, and asset type are identical. The discount rate selected is the incremental borrowing rate we would obtain for a secured financing of the lease asset over a similar term.

Many of our leases include one or more options to extend the lease term. Certain leases also include options to terminate early or purchase the leased property, all of which are executed at our sole discretion. Optional periods may be included in the lease term and measured as part of the lease asset and lease liability if we are reasonably certain to exercise our right to use the leased asset during the optional periods. We generally consider renewal options to be reasonably certain of execution and included in the lease term when significant leasehold improvements have been made by us to the leased assets. The depreciable lives of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise.

Certain of our lease agreements include contingent rental payments based on per unit usage over contractual levels (e.g., miles driven or machine hours used) and others include rental payments adjusted periodically for market reviews or inflationary indexes. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. For more information on our leases, refer to Note 9.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents amounts paid for an acquisition in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested for impairment annually on the first day of our fourth quarter, or more frequently if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events suggest an impairment exists. The test for impairment requires us to make several estimates about fair value, most of which are based on projected future cash flows and market valuation multiples. The estimates associated with the goodwill impairment tests include projected discounted future cash flows. We have two reporting units that are evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2025.

Intangible assets are typically valued initially using the relief from royalty method or the multi-period excess earnings method ("MPEEM"). We test indefinite-lived trademarks, trade names, and brands for impairment annually, or more frequently if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events suggest impairment exists, by comparing the carrying value of the assets to their estimated fair values. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on either a straight-line basis or proportionately to the benefits derived from those relationships or agreements. Useful lives vary by asset type and are determined based on the period over which the intangible asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to our future cash flows. We also review all other long-lived assets that have finite lives and that are not held for sale for impairment when indicators of impairment are evident by comparing the carrying value of the assets to their estimated future undiscounted cash flows.

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In-process research and development ("IPR&D") assets are recognized at fair value and are classified as indefinite-lived assets until the successful completion or abandonment of the associated R&D efforts. If the associated R&D is completed, the IPR&D asset becomes a definite-lived intangible asset and is amortized over the asset's assigned useful life. If it is abandoned, an impairment loss is recorded.

Goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible asset, and definite-lived intangible asset impairments are recorded in Impairment charges on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 10 for further information on our goodwill and intangible assets.

Defined Benefit Plans

We operate a number of defined benefit plans for employees globally. The liability recognized in the balance sheet is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated periodically by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of either high quality corporate bonds or long term government bonds depending on the depth and liquidity of the high quality corporate bond market in the different geographies where we have pension liabilities. The bonds are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability. As a result, annual updates related to discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets are among the most important elements of expense and liability measurement. The expected return on plan assets is determined using the fair value of plan assets.

Actuarial gains and losses are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations using the corridor method. Under the corridor method, to the extent that any cumulative unrecognized net actuarial gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the present value of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of the plan assets, that portion is recognized over the expected average remaining working lives of the plan participants. Otherwise, the net actuarial gain or loss is recorded in OCI. We recognize the funded status of benefit plans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, we recognize the gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic pension cost of the period as a component of OCI (refer to Note 14).

Legal Contingencies

We are involved in product liability, patent, commercial, regulatory and other legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of business. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a probable loss is a range and no amount within that range is a better estimate, the minimum amount in the range is accrued. If a loss is not probable or a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, no liability is recorded. We have established reserves for certain legal matters (refer to Note 20). We do not incorporate insurance recoveries into our reserves for legal contingencies. We separately record receivables for amounts due under insurance policies when we consider the realization of recoveries for claims to be probable, which may be different than the timing in which we establish the loss reserves.

Revenue

Product Revenue

Revenue is recognized when or as a customer obtains control of promised products. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products. We generally recognize product revenue for our contract performance obligations at a point in time, typically upon shipment or delivery of products to customers. For point in time customers for which control transfers on delivery to the customer due to free on board destination terms (“FOB”), an adjustment is recorded to defer revenue recognition over an estimate of days until control transfers at the point of delivery. Where we recognize revenue at a point in time, the transfer of title is the primary indicator that control has transferred. In other limited instances, primarily relating to those contracts that relate to contract manufacturing performed for our customers, control transfers as the product is manufactured. Control is deemed to transfer over time for these contracts as the product does not have an alternative use and we have a contractual right to payment for performance completed to date. Revenue for contract manufacturing contracts is recognized over the transfer period using an input method that measures progress towards completion of the performance obligation as costs are incurred.

Net product sales include estimates of variable consideration for which accruals and allowances are established. Provisions for certain rebates, product returns, and discounts to customers are accounted for as variable consideration and recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as Accrued customer programs. A reduction to sales for these programs is recorded in the same period as the associated sale. Actual amounts of consideration

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ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from the estimates, these estimates are adjusted, which would affect revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.

Other Revenue Policies

We receive payments from our customers based on billing schedules established in each contract. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when our right to consideration is unconditional. In most cases, the timing of the unconditional right to payment aligns with shipment or delivery of the product and the recognition of revenue; however, for those customers where revenue is recognized at a time prior to shipment or delivery due to over time revenue recognition, a contract asset is recorded and is reclassified to accounts receivable when it becomes unconditional under the contract upon shipment or delivery to the customer.

Our performance obligations are generally expected to be fulfilled in less than one year in accordance with ASC 606-10-50-14. Therefore, we do not provide quantitative information about remaining performance obligations.

We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised products to the customer will be one year or less, which is the case with substantially all customers.

Taxes collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in Net sales. Conversely, shipping and handling expenses we incur are included in Cost of sales.

Share-Based Awards

We measure and record compensation expense for all share-based awards based on estimated grant date fair values. For awards with only service conditions that are based on graded vesting schedules, we recognize the compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the entire award. Forfeitures on share-based awards are recognized in compensation expense in the period in which they occur.

We estimate the fair value of stock option awards granted based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the use of subjective and complex assumptions. These assumptions include estimating the expected term that awards granted are expected to be outstanding, the expected volatility of our stock price for a period commensurate with the expected term of the related options, and the risk-free rate with a maturity closest to the expected term of the related awards. Restricted stock and restricted stock units, both service based and performance based restricted share units, are valued based on our stock price on the day the awards are granted. The estimated fair value of outstanding Relative Total Shareholder Return performance units (“RTSR”) is based on the grant date fair value of RTSR awards using a Monte Carlo simulation, which includes estimating the movement of stock prices and the effects of volatility, interest rates, and dividends (refer to Note 16).

Research and Development

All R&D costs, including payments related to products under development and research consulting agreements, are expensed as incurred. We incur costs throughout the development cycle, including costs for research, clinical trials, manufacturing validation, and other pre-commercialization approval costs that are included in R&D. We may continue to make non-refundable payments to third parties for new technologies and for R&D work that has been completed. These payments may be expensed at the time of payment depending on the nature of the payment made.

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Advertising Costs

PERRIGO Co plc 10-K