UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-Q


☒			Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023


☐			Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File number 1-8777


VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware						95-1613718
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2027 Harpers Way, Torrance, CA						90501
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (310) 533-0474

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

VIRC

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý

The number of shares outstanding for each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Common Stock, $.01 par value — 16,210,985 shares as of ~~December~~June 4, ~~2022~~2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information		3
	Item 1. Financial Statements	3
	Unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets - October 31, 2022, January 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021	3
	Unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets - April 30, 2023, January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022	3
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income - Three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	5
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations - Three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income - Nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	6
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss - Three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income - Three months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	7
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows - Three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income - Nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	8
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity - Three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022	8
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows - Nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	9
	Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements - April 30, 2023	9
	Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity - Three and nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021	10
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
	Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements - October 31, 2022	12
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	19
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures	19
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	24
Part II. Other Information		21
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures	24
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings	21
Part II. Other Information		26
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	21
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings	26
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	21
	Item 1A. Risk Factors	26
	Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	21
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	26
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	21
	Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	26
	Item 5. Other Information	21
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	26
	Item 6. Exhibits	21
	Item 5. Other Information	26
	Item 6. Exhibits	26
	EX-31.1
	EX-31.2
	EX-32.1
	EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
	EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
	EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
	EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
	EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

PART I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

10/31/2022

1/31/2022

10/31/2021

4/30/2023

1/31/2023

4/30/2022

(In thousands)

Assets

Current assets

Cash

~~2,175~~625

1,~~359~~057

~~1,742~~539

Trade accounts receivables, net

2815,~~028~~524

1718,~~769~~435

2413,~~824~~326

Other receivables

~~102~~35

~~118~~68

6085

Income tax receivable

~~106~~321

~~152~~19

~~108~~135

Inventories

5785,~~465~~640

4767,~~373~~406

4066,~~483~~297

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

12,~~671~~698

2,~~076~~083

12,~~839~~156

Total current assets

89104,~~547~~843

6889,~~847~~068

6982,~~056~~538

Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment

Land

3,731

Land improvements

686

~~653~~686

~~734~~653

Buildings and building improvements

51,~~459~~391

51,~~334~~310

51,~~308~~375

Machinery and equipment

114,~~762~~655

113,~~315~~662

113,~~816~~901

Leasehold improvements

~~1,012~~983

~~1,009~~983

1,~~017~~009

Total property, plant and equipment

171,~~650~~446

170,~~042~~372

170,~~606~~669

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

136,~~998~~779

~~134~~135,~~715~~810

~~134~~135,~~659~~844

Net property, plant and equipment

34,~~652~~667

3534,~~327~~562

3534,~~947~~825

Operating lease right-of-use assets

119,~~116~~326

1310,~~870~~120

1412,~~685~~892

Deferred tax assets, net

~~160~~8,249

~~399~~7,800

~~10,364~~769

Other assets, net

8,~~245~~848

8,~~002~~576

8,~~034~~383

Total assets

~~143~~165,~~720~~933

~~126~~150,~~445~~126

~~138~~139,~~086~~407

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

10/31/2022

1/31/2022

10/31/2021

4/30/2023

1/31/2023

4/30/2022

(In thousands, except share and par value data)

Liabilities

Current liabilities

Accounts payable

1823,~~926~~628

19,~~785~~448

1519,~~786~~437

Accrued compensation and employee benefits

9,~~084~~416

59,~~596~~554

5,~~547~~055

Current portion of long-term debt

220,~~457~~362

~~340~~7,360

~~504~~18,905

Current portion operating lease liability

45,~~985~~271

45,~~734~~082

4,~~686~~769

Other accrued liabilities

7,~~767~~868

57,~~829~~081

6,~~983~~049

Total current liabilities

4366,~~219~~545

3648,~~284~~525

3354,~~506~~215

Non-current liabilities

Accrued self-insurance retention

1,~~454~~251

~~965~~1,050

1,~~121~~533

Accrued pension expenses

1110,~~776~~802

1510,~~430~~676

1815,~~654~~332

Income tax payable

7785

7179

6876

Long-term debt, less current portion

14,~~444~~323

14,~~173~~384

1214,~~547~~564

Operating lease liability, less current portion

85,~~028~~648

116,~~437~~796

1210,~~402~~297

Other long-term liabilities

~~694~~557

~~639~~555

~~687~~640

Total non-current liabilities

3632,~~473~~666

4233,~~715~~540

4542,~~479~~442

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 6, 7 and 13)

Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock:

Authorized 3,000,000 shares, $0.01 par value; none issued or outstanding

—

Common stock:

Authorized 25,000,000 shares, $0.01 par value; issued and outstanding 16,210,985 shares at 10/31/2022 and 16,102,023 at 1/31/2022 and 10/31/2021

162

161

Authorized 25,000,000 shares, $0.01 par value; issued and outstanding 16,210,985 shares at 4/30/2023 and 1/31/2023, and 16,102,023 at 4/30/2022

162

161

Additional paid-in capital

120,~~787~~993

120,~~492~~890

120,~~238~~745

Accumulated deficit

(5452,~~707~~073)

(6750,~~178~~631)

(5072,~~866~~262)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(2,~~214~~360)

(62,~~029~~360)

(105,~~432~~894)

Total stockholders’ equity

6466,~~028~~722

4768,~~446~~061

5942,~~101~~750

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

~~143~~165,~~720~~933

~~126~~150,~~445~~126

~~138~~139,~~086~~407

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income~~Operations

	Three months ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net sales	$	7734,~~395~~943	$	5732,~~331~~084
Costs of goods sold	4621,~~618~~741		3722,~~032~~377
Gross profit	3013,~~777~~202		209,~~299~~707
Selling, general and administrative expenses	2114,~~977~~514		1714,~~782~~451
Operating income	8,800		2,517
Operating loss	(1,312)		(4,744)
Unrealized gain on investment in trust account	(~~220~~299)		—
Pension expense	~~259~~161		~~570~~195
Interest expense	~~567~~712		~~327~~427
Income before income taxes	8,194		1,620
Loss before income taxes	(1,886)		(5,366)
Income tax expense	319		295
Income tax benefit	(444)		(282)
Net income	$	7,875	$	1,325
Net loss	$	(1,442)	$	(5,084)
Net income per common share:
Net loss per common share:
Basic	$	(0.4909)	$	(0.0832)
Diluted	$	(0.4809)	$	(0.0832)
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	16,211		16,033
Diluted	16,~~249~~211		16,~~082~~033

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Income~~Comprehensive Loss

	Nine months ended
	Three months ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	(In thousands, except per share data)
	(In thousands)
Net sales	$	192,276	$	144,720
Net loss	$	(1,442)	$	(5,084)
Costs of goods sold	119,947		94,414
Other comprehensive income:
Gross profit	72,329		50,306
Pension adjustments (net of tax expense of $0 and $0 at April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively)	—		135
Selling, general and administrative expenses	57,099		46,016
Net comprehensive loss	$	(1,442)	$	(4,949)
Operating income	15,230		4,290
Unrealized loss on investment in trust account	85		—
Pension expense	650		1,800
Interest expense	1,692		979
Income before income taxes	12,803		1,511
Income tax expense	332		335
Net income	$	12,471	$	1,176
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.77	$	0.07
Diluted	$	0.77	$	0.07
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:
Basic	16,118		15,927
Diluted	16,136		15,963

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of ~~Comprehensive~~Cash ~~Income~~Flows

	Three months ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	7,875	$	1,325
Operating activities
Other comprehensive income:
Net loss	$	(1,442)	$	(5,084)
Pension adjustments (net of tax expense of $0 and $186 at October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)	3,545		566
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Net comprehensive income	$	11,420	$	1,891
Depreciation and amortization	1,195		1,129
Non-cash lease benefits	(165)		(126)
Provision for doubtful accounts	15		15
Amortization of debt issuance costs	26		43
Deferred income taxes	(448)		(370)
Stock-based compensation	103		253
Amortization of net actuarial loss for pension plans	—		135
Non-cash unrealized gain on investment	(299)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	2,896		4,428
Other receivables	33		33
Inventories	(18,234)		(18,924)
Income taxes	(296)		22
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(490)		(180)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	5,391		(340)
Net cash used in operating activities	(11,715)		(18,966)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(1,533)		(609)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,533)		(609)
Financing activities:
Borrowing from long-term debt	15,241		19,759
Repayment of long-term debt	(2,300)		(804)
Payment on deferred financing costs	(125)		(200)
Net cash provided by financing activities	12,816		18,755
Net decrease in cash	(432)		(820)
Cash at beginning of period	1,057		1,359
Cash at end of period	$	625	$	539

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

	Nine months ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	12,471	$	1,176
Other comprehensive income:
Pension adjustments (net of tax expense of $0 and $1,105 at October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively)	3,815		3,153
Net comprehensive income	$	16,286	$	4,329

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	Nine months ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	(In thousands)
Operating activities
Net income	$	12,471	$	1,176
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	3,390		3,431
Non-cash lease benefits	(404)		(294)
Provision for doubtful accounts	60		70
Amortization of debt issuance costs	96		—
Deferred income taxes	239		247
Stock-based compensation	509		759
Defined pension plan settlement	64		285
Amortization of net actuarial loss for pension plans	405		1,192
Non-cash unrealized loss on investment	85		—
Surrender of life insurance policies	—		(584)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	(10,319)		(15,134)
Other receivables	16		(34)
Inventories	(10,092)		(2,213)
Income taxes	51		94
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	306		591
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	4,578		11,234
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,455		820
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(2,614)		(2,280)
Purchases of marketable securities in trust accounts	(7,280)		—
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities in trust accounts	4,536		—
Proceeds for surrendering life insurance policies	2,744		483
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,614)		(1,797)
Financing activities:
Borrowing from long-term debt	32,947		20,554
Repayment of long-term debt	(30,559)		(17,943)
Payment on deferred financing costs	(200)		(118)
Tax withholding payments on share-based compensation	(213)		(176)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,975		2,317
Net increase in cash	816		1,340
Cash at beginning of period	1,359		402
Cash at end of period	$	2,175	$	1,742

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

	Three-Month Period Ended October 31, 2022
	Three-Month Period Ended April 30, 2023
	Common Stock
In thousands, except share data	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholder's Equity
Balance at August 1, 2022	16,210,985	$	162	$	120,684	$	(62,582)	$	(5,759)	$	52,505
Balance at February 1, 2023	16,210,985	$	162	$	120,890	$	(50,631)	$	(2,360)	$	68,061
Net income	—	—		—		7,875		—		7,875
Net loss	—	—		—		(1,442)		—		(1,442)
Cash dividends	—	—		—		—		—		—
Pension adjustments, net of tax effect of $0	—	—		—		—		~~3,545~~—		~~3,545~~—
Shares vested and others	—	—		—		—		—		—
Stock compensation expense	—	—		103		—		—		103
Balance at October 31, 2022	16,210,985	$	162	$	120,787	$	(54,707)	$	(2,214)	$	64,028
Balance at April 30, 2023	16,210,985	$	162	$	120,993	$	(52,073)	$	(2,360)	$	66,722

	Three-Month Period Ended October 31, 2021
	Three-Month Period Ended April 30, 2022
	Common Stock
In thousands, except share data	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholder's Equity
Balance at August 1, 2021	16,102,023	$	161	$	119,985	$	(52,191)	$	(10,998)	$	56,957
Balance at February 1, 2022	16,102,023	$	161	$	120,492	$	(67,178)	$	(6,029)	$	47,446
Net income	—	—		—		1,325		—		1,325
Net loss	—	—		—		(5,084)		—		(5,084)
Cash dividends	—	—		—		—		—		—
Pension adjustments, net of tax effect of $186	—	—		—		—		566		566
Pension adjustments, net of tax effect of $0	—	—		—		—		135		135
Shares vested and others	—	—		—		—		—		—
Stock compensation expense	—	—		253		—		—		253
Balance at October 31, 2021	16,102,023	$	161	$	120,238	$	(50,866)	$	(10,432)	$	59,101
Balance at April 30, 2022	16,102,023	$	161	$	120,745	$	(72,262)	$	(5,894)	$	42,750

	Nine-Month Period Ended October 31, 2022
	Common Stock
In thousands, except share data	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholder's Equity
Balance at February 1, 2022	16,102,023	$	161	$	120,492	$	(67,178)	$	(6,029)	$	47,446
Net income	—	—		—		12,471		—		12,471
Cash dividends	—	—		—		—		—		—
Pension adjustments, net of tax effect of $0	—	—		—		—		3,815		3,815
Shares vested and others	108,962	1		(214)		—		—		(213)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		509		—		—		509
Balance at October 31, 2022	16,210,985	$	162	$	120,787	$	(54,707)	$	(2,214)	$	64,028

	Nine-Month Period Ended October 31, 2021
	Common Stock
In thousands, except share data	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholder's Equity
Balance at February 1, 2021	15,918,642	$	159	$	119,655	$	(52,042)	$	(13,585)	$	54,187
Net income	—	—		—		1,176		—		1,176
Cash dividends	—	—		—		—		—		—
Pension adjustments, net of tax effect of $1,105	—	—		—		—		3,153		3,153
Shares vested and others	183,381	2		(176)		—		—		(174)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		759		—		—		759
Balance at October 31, 2021	16,102,023	$	161	$	120,238	$	(50,866)	$	(10,432)	$	59,101

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

118

VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION

Notes to unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements and are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2022~~2023 (“Form 10-K”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ~~and nine months~~ ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending January 31, ~~2023~~2024. The balance sheet at January 31, ~~2022~~2023 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. All references to the “Company” refer to Virco Mfg. Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Liquidity

The Company expects the impact of supply chain constraints and COVID-19 to continue to be a challenge for the foreseeable future and believes the economy will be adversely impacted for an indeterminate period, including the demand for its products and supply of materials and labor required to manufacture products. The extent of the impact will depend on numerous factors that are unknown, uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted.

Note 2. Seasonality and Management Use of Estimates

The market for educational furniture is marked by extreme seasonality, with approximately 50% of the Company’s total sales typically occurring from June to August each year, the Company’s peak season. Hence, the Company typically builds and carries significant amounts of inventory during and in anticipation of this peak summer season to facilitate the rapid delivery requirements of customers in the educational market. This requires a large up-front investment in inventory, labor, storage and related costs as inventory is built in anticipation of peak sales during the summer months. As the capital required for this build-up generally exceeds cash available from operations, the Company has generally relied on third-party bank financing to meet cash flow requirements during the build-up period immediately preceding the peak season. In addition, the Company typically is faced with an overall higher accounts receivable balance during the peak season. This occurs for two primary reasons. First, accounts receivable balances typically increase during the peak season as shipments of products increase. Second, many customers during this period are educational institutions and government entities, which tend to pay accounts receivable slower than commercial customers. ~~For~~Historically ~~the~~Virco ~~three~~ships ~~and~~approximately ~~nine~~50% ~~months~~of ~~ended~~its ~~October 31,~~annual ~~2022,~~revenue ~~management~~in ~~believes that~~ the ~~traditional~~months ~~peak~~of ~~season~~June, ~~has~~July, ~~been~~ and ~~will~~August. In ~~continue~~fiscal to2022, bethe ~~impacted~~seasonal bypeak ~~economic~~was ~~conditions~~distorted ~~related~~due to severe supply chain ~~disruption~~interruptions, labor shortages, and COVID -19, ~~although~~related ~~not~~employee asabsences ~~severely~~and asthe inCompany ~~the~~delivered ~~prior~~less ~~year.~~than ~~The~~40% ~~Company~~of ~~continues~~sales toduring ~~experience~~June, ~~supply~~July, ~~chain~~and ~~disruptions~~August. In ~~for~~fiscal ~~raw~~year ~~materials.~~ended InJanuary ~~addition~~31, 2023, the Company's ~~customers~~started ~~are~~to ~~experiencing~~return ~~supply~~to ~~chain~~the ~~disruption~~traditional ~~impacting~~seasonality ~~the~~and ~~completion~~delivered approximately 47% of ~~new~~annual ~~school~~sales ~~construction~~in June, July, and ~~renovation~~August.

The Company’s working capital requirements during and in anticipation of the peak summer season require management to make estimates and judgments that affect assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to market demand, labor costs and stocking inventory. Significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, valuation of inventory; deferred tax assets and liabilities; useful lives of property, plant and equipment; liabilities under pension, warranty and self-insurance; and the accounts receivable allowance for doubtful accounts. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making assumptions and estimates, events and changes in circumstances arising after October 31, 2022, including those resulting from the continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain disruption, may result in actual outcomes that differ from those contemplated by our assumptions and estimates.

Note 3. ~~New~~Recently Issued Accounting ~~Pronouncements~~Standards

~~Recently~~The ~~Issued~~Company evaluates all Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") for consideration of their applicability to our condensed consolidated financial statements. We have assessed all ASUs issued but not yet adopted and concluded that those not disclosed are not relevant to the Company or are not expected to have a material impact.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology for measuring and recognizing credit losses with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The adoption date, as modified by ASU 2019-10, will be for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods therein. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Other recently issued accounting updates are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 4. Revenue Recognition

The Company manufactures, markets and distributes a wide variety of school and office furniture to wholesalers, distributors, educational institutions and governmental entities. Revenue is recorded for promised goods or services when control is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company's sales generally involve a single performance obligation to deliver goods pursuant to customer purchase orders. Prices for our products are based on published price lists and customer agreements. The Company has determined that the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when the Company completes delivery per the customer contract. The majority of sales are free on board ("FOB") destination where the destination is specified per the customer contract and may include delivering the furniture into the classroom, school site or warehouse. Sales of furniture that are sold FOB factory are typically made to resellers of our product who in turn provide logistics to the ultimate customer. Once a product has been delivered per the shipping terms, the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the asset. The Company considers control to have transferred upon shipment or delivery in accordance with shipping terms because the Company has a present right to payment at that time, the customer has legal title to the asset, the Company has transferred physical possession of the asset, and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset.

Sales are recorded net of discounts, sales incentives and rebates, sales taxes and estimated returns and allowances. The Company offers sales incentives and discounts through various regional and national programs to our customers. These programs include product rebates, product returns allowances and trade promotions. Variable consideration for these programs is estimated in the transaction price at contract inception based on current sales levels and historical experience using the expected value method, subject to constraint.

The Company generates revenue primarily by manufacturing and distributing products through resellers and direct-to-customers. Control transfers to both resellers and direct customers at a point in time when the delivery process is complete as determined by the corresponding shipping terms. Therefore, we do not consider them to be meaningfully different revenue streams given similarities in the nature of the products, performance obligation and distribution processes. Sales are predominately in the United States and to a similar class of customer. We do not manage or evaluate the business based on product line or any other discernable category.

Note 5. Inventories

~~Inventories~~Inventory ~~are~~is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) ~~or net realizable value~~ and includes material, labor, and factory overhead. The Company records valuation adjustments for the excess cost of the inventory over its estimated net realizable value. Valuation adjustments for slow-moving and obsolete inventory are calculated using an estimated percentage applied to inventories based on a physical inspection of the product in connection with a physical inventory, a review of slow-moving products and component stage, inventory category, historical and forecasted consumption of sales, and consideration of active marketing programs. The market for education furniture is traditionally driven by value, not style, and the Company has not typically incurred material obsolescence expenses. If market conditions are less favorable than those anticipated by management, additional valuation adjustments may be required. The Company records the cost of excess capacity as a period expense, not as a component of capitalized inventory valuation.

Inventory increased by $19,343,000 at April 30, 2023 compared to April 30, 2022. The ~~following~~entire ~~table~~increase ~~presents~~in inventory was attributable to increased quantity. The cost and valuation of inventory was stable. The quantity of inventory was increased in response to a ~~breakdown~~material increase in unshipped sales orders (backlog). The majority of the backlog is scheduled for delivery during the traditional seasonal peak from June through August. The increase in inventory was financed by increased borrowing under the Company’s ~~inventories~~line as of ~~October 31,~~credit ~~2022,~~with ~~January 31,~~PNC ~~2022~~Bank and ~~October 31~~increased vendor credit, ~~2021:~~which traditionally increases with increased purchases of materials.

13The following table presents a breakdown of the Company’s inventories as of April 30, 2023, January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022:

10/31/2022

1/31/2022

10/31/2021

4/30/2023

1/31/2023

4/30/2022

(in thousands)

Finished goods

2434,~~173~~370

1625,~~731~~740

1429,~~053~~919

Work in process

1832,~~829~~918

1425,~~732~~303

1421,~~299~~719

Raw materials

1418,~~463~~352

1516,~~910~~363

1214,~~131~~659

Total inventories

5785,~~465~~640

4767,~~373~~406

4066,~~483~~297

Note 6. Leases

The Company has operating leases on real property, equipment, and automobiles that expire at various dates though 2026. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and assesses classification of the lease at commencement. All of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable, or the incremental borrowing rate. Our incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments using company specific credit spreads. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease only when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for our operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 10

The Company has operating leases on real property, equipment, and automobiles, expiring at various dates through 2026. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and assesses classification of the lease at commencement. All of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. Pursuant to ASC 842 - Leases, the Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable, or the incremental borrowing rate. Our incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments using Company specific credit spreads. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease only when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for our operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has an operating lease for its corporate office, manufacturing and distribution facility located in Torrance, CA, currently with a remaining lease term through April 2025. The Company's lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease only when it is reasonably certain that we exercise that option. The Company leases equipment under a 5-year operating lease arrangement. The Company has the option of buying the assets at the end of the lease period at a price that does not result in the Company being reasonably certain of exercising the option. In addition, the Company leases trucks and automobiles under operating leases that include certain fleet management and maintenance services. Certain of the leases contain renewal or purchase options and require payment for property taxes and insurance. The Company records lease expense on a straight-line basis based on the contractual lease payments. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company recognizes the present value of the future lease commitments as an operating lease liability, and a corresponding right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”), net of tenant allowances. Tenant improvements and related tenant allowances are recorded as a reduction to the ROU asset. The Company elected to account for leases with an original term of 12 months or less that do not contain a purchase option as short-term leases. Additionally, certain of the leases provide for variable payment for property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance payments among others. The Company recognizes variable lease expenses for these leases in the period incurred. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The quantitative information regarding our leases is as follows:

~~Three Months Ended~~

Three Months Ended

~~Nine Months Ended~~

10/31/2022

10/31/2021

10/31/2022

10/31/2021

4/30/2023

4/30/2022

~~(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)~~

(in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)

Operating lease cost

~~1,288~~

~~1,358~~

31,~~903~~269

31,~~878~~327

Short-term lease cost

~~113~~

~~289~~108

~~258~~97

Sublease income

~~(10)~~

(3010)

Variable lease cost

~~547~~261

~~621~~253

Total lease cost

~~1,407~~

~~1,455~~

41,~~709~~628

41,~~727~~667

Other operating leases information:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

41,~~306~~433

41,~~172~~454

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities

~~469~~292

~~330~~98

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)

2.42

32.49

Weighted-average discount rate

6.333

6.438

Minimum future lease payments for operating leases in effect as of ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, are as follows:

1411

	Operating Lease
For the year ending January 31,	(in thousands)
Remaining of 2023	$	1,410
Remaining of 2024	$	4,344
2024	5,646
2025	5,794
2025	5,643
2026	1,536
2026	1,413
2027	2
2027	—
2028	—
Thereafter	—
Remaining balance of lease payments	$	1411,~~112~~676
Short-term lease liabilities	~~4,985~~$	5,271
Long-term lease liabilities	85,~~028~~648
Total lease liabilities	$	1310,~~013~~919
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows	$	~~1,099~~757

Note 7. Debt

Outstanding balances for the Company’s long-term debt were as follows:

10/31/2022

1/31/2022

10/31/2021

4/30/2023

1/31/2023

4/30/2022

(in thousands)

Revolving credit line

1230,~~221~~121

917,~~551~~122

728,~~866~~674

Other

4,~~680~~564

4,~~962~~622

54,~~185~~795

Total debt

1634,~~901~~685

1421,~~513~~744

1333,~~051~~469

Less current portion

220,~~457~~362

~~340~~7,360

~~504~~18,905

Non-current portion

14,~~444~~323

14,~~173~~384

1214,~~547~~564

The Company and Virco Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary (the “Borrowers”) have a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and lender (“PNC”). The Credit Agreement was amended numerous times since its origination in December 2011. On September 28, 2021, the Borrowers entered into an Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Restated Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, which amended and restated the prior Credit Agreement and effectively incorporated all of the prior amendments into an amended and restated form of agreement.

The Restated Credit Agreement permits the Company to issue dividends or make payments with respect to the Company’s capital stock in an aggregate amount up to $3.0 million during any fiscal year, provided that no default shall have occurred or is continuing or would result from any such payment, and the Company must demonstrate pro forma compliance with a 12-month trailing fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.20:1.00 as of the fiscal quarter immediately preceding the date of any such dividend or payment. The Restated Credit Agreement also requires the Company to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, and contains numerous other covenants that limit under certain circumstances the ability of the Borrowers and their subsidiaries to, among other things, merge with or acquire other entities, incur new liens, incur additional indebtedness, sell assets outside of the ordinary course of business, enter into transactions with affiliates, or substantially change the general nature of the business of the Borrowers. In connection with the Restated Credit Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay to PNC Bank a non-refundable fee of $50,000.

~~The~~In ~~other~~addition ~~material~~to ~~terms~~the offinancial covenants, the Restated Credit Agreement ~~are~~provides ~~substantially~~for ~~the~~customary ~~same~~events ~~as those~~ of ~~the original Credit Agreement~~default, ~~consisting of (i) a revolving line of credit with a Maximum Revolving Advance Amount of $65.0 million that is~~ subject to acertain ~~borrowing~~cure ~~base~~periods ~~limitation~~ and ~~generally~~other ~~provides~~limitations. Substantially ~~for~~all ~~advances~~ of upthe toBorrowers' ~~85% of eligible~~ accounts receivable, ~~plus~~are aautomatically ~~percentage~~and ~~equal~~promptly swept to ~~the~~repay ~~lesser~~amounts ofoutstanding ~~60%~~under of the ~~value~~Restated ofCredit ~~eligible~~Agreement ~~inventory~~upon orreceipt ~~85%~~by of the ~~liquidation~~Borrowers. ~~value~~Due ofto ~~eligible~~this ~~inventory,~~automatic ~~plus~~liquidating ~~$15.0~~nature ~~million~~of ~~from~~the ~~January~~Restated ~~through~~Credit ~~July of each year~~Agreement, ~~minus~~if ~~undrawn~~the ~~amounts~~Borrowers ofbreach ~~letters~~any ofcovenant, ~~credit~~violate ~~and~~any ~~reserves.~~representation ~~The Restated Credit~~

1512

~~Agreement~~or iswarranty ~~secured~~or bysuffer ~~substantially~~a ~~all~~deterioration ofin ~~the~~their ~~Borrowers’~~ability ~~personal property and certain of the Borrowers’ real property. The Restated Credit Agreement is subject~~ to ~~certain~~borrow ~~prepayment~~pursuant ~~penalties upon early termination of the Restated Credit Agreement. Prior~~ to the ~~maturity date, principal amounts outstanding under the Restated Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed at the option of the Borrowers without premium or penalty, subject to~~ borrowing base ~~limitations~~calculation, ~~seasonal~~the ~~adjustments~~Borrowers ~~and~~may ~~certain~~not ~~other~~have ~~conditions,~~access ~~including reduced borrowings under the revolving line~~ to ~~less~~cash ~~than~~liquidity orunless ~~equal~~provided ~~$10.0~~by ~~million~~PNC ~~for~~at aits ~~period of 30 consecutive days during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year~~discretion. ~~The Restated Credit Agreement also contains certain financial covenants, including a fixed charge coverage ratio and limits on capital expenditures.~~

The ~~Company~~other ~~was~~material interms ~~violation~~ of ~~its~~the ~~financial~~Restated ~~covenants~~Credit ~~under~~Agreement are substantially the ~~Restated~~same as those of the original Credit Agreement, asconsisting of ~~January~~(i) ~~31,~~a ~~2022~~revolving line of credit with a Maximum Revolving Advance Amount of $65.0 million that is subject to a borrowing base limitation and generally provides for advances of up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable, ~~due~~plus a percentage equal to anthe ~~increase~~lesser inof 60% of the ~~Company’s~~value ~~net~~of ~~loss~~eligible ~~primarily~~inventory ~~attributable~~or to85% of the ~~effects~~liquidation value of ~~supply~~eligible ~~chain~~inventory, ~~disruptions~~plus $15.0 million from January through July of each year, minus undrawn amounts of letters of credit and ~~labor~~reserves ~~shortages~~and (ii) an equipment loan of $2.0 million. OnThe ~~April~~Restated ~~15,~~Credit ~~2022,~~Agreement is secured by substantially all of the ~~Company~~Borrowers’ ~~entered~~personal ~~into~~property ~~Amendment~~and Nocertain of the Borrowers’ real property. 2The Restated Credit Agreement is subject to certain prepayment penalties upon early termination of the Restated Credit Agreement. ~~(“Amendment~~Prior ~~No.~~to ~~2”)~~the maturity date, ~~which~~principal ~~implemented~~amounts outstanding under the ~~following~~Restated ~~changes~~Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed at the option of the Borrowers without premium or penalty, subject to borrowing base limitations, seasonal adjustments and certain other conditions, including reduced borrowings under the revolving line to less than or equal $10.0 million for a period of 30 consecutive days during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. The Restated Credit Agreement also contains certain financial covenants, including covenants requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and ~~Revolving~~limits ~~Credit~~on ~~Facility:~~capital expenditures. The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of April 30, 2023.

~~i.extended~~The Company's revolving line of credit with PNC is structured to provide seasonal credit availability during the ~~final~~Company's ~~maturity~~peak ~~date~~summer season. Approximately $16.6 million was available for borrowing as of ~~the~~April 30, ~~Revolving~~2023. The ~~Credit~~interest ~~Facility~~rate ~~from~~range ~~March~~for 19outstanding loan balances during the quarter ended April 30, 2023 was 7.65% to ~~April~~9.75%. ~~15,~~The ~~2027;~~Company also incurs a fee on the unused portion of the revolving line of credit at a rate of 0.375%.

~~ii.increased~~In addition to the ~~borrowing~~outstanding ~~limit~~debt ~~from~~balance of $6530.01 million toon the Company's revolving credit line, the Company also carries a mortgage on a manufacturing building in Conway Arkansas. The original note was dated August 2017 for $705.08 million, inat ~~July~~a ~~2022~~fixed ~~and~~rate ~~August~~of ~~2022,~~4% per year and ~~increased~~20 ~~the~~years ~~borrowing~~term. The ~~limit~~outstanding ~~from~~amount ~~$40,000,000~~under tothis note was $~~45,000,000~~4.6 inmillion ~~October~~as ~~2022;~~of April 30, 2023.

~~iii.waived~~On May 19, 2023, the Company’s ~~violation~~entered ofinto ~~the~~Amendment ~~covenant~~No. 3 to ~~maintain~~Amended aand ~~fixed~~Restated ~~charge~~Revolving ~~coverage~~Credit ~~ratio~~and Security Agreement (“Amendment No. 3”) with PNC, with an effective date of atMay ~~least~~5, 12023.00 ~~for~~Amendment No. 3 amended the ~~period~~Restated ~~ended~~Credit ~~January~~Agreement ~~31,~~and ~~2022;~~the secured revolving line of credit provided to the Company under the revolving credit facility to reflect the following material changes:

ivi.~~for~~Maximum ~~the~~size ~~first~~of ~~and~~the ~~second~~PNC ~~quarters~~line of ~~fiscal~~credit ~~year~~has ~~ending~~been ~~January~~increased ~~31, 2023, implemented a temporary year-~~to~~-date~~ ~~adjusted~~$72.5 million ~~EBITDA~~during ~~covenant~~the inmonths ~~lieu~~ of ~~testing~~June ~~the~~through ~~fixed~~August ~~charge coverage ratio covenant as~~ of ~~such quarters~~2023, ~~with~~to ~~quarterly~~provide ~~testing~~additional ofavailability for the ~~fixed~~Company’s ~~charge~~forecast ~~coverage~~through ~~ratio to resume for~~ the ~~third~~2023 ~~fiscal~~peak ~~quarter~~borrowing ~~and thereafter~~period;

vii.~~permits~~Increase ain ~~sale~~the ~~and~~total ~~leaseback~~inventory ~~transaction~~sublimit ofunder the ~~Company’s~~Credit ~~property~~Agreement atto ~~1655~~$35.0 million ~~Amity Road~~ and ~~release~~increase ofin the ~~lender’s~~Assemble-to-ship ~~pledge~~(ATS) oninventory ~~the~~sublimit ~~property,~~to ~~with~~$15.0 million during the ~~net~~months ~~proceeds~~of toMay bethrough ~~used~~August ~~for~~of ~~a proposed share repurchase~~2023;

viiii.~~retired~~The ~~LIBOR~~Company ~~(London~~agreed ~~Inter-Bank~~to ~~Offered~~pay ~~Rate)~~an ~~pricing~~amendment onfee ~~the~~of ~~Revolving Credit Facility and replaced with BSBY (Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield) index~~$50,000, ~~with~~which ~~pricing~~is ~~tiers~~0.67% ~~and~~on ~~spreads~~the toincremental ~~remain~~line ~~the~~increase ~~same~~of $7.5 million; and

~~vii~~iv.~~extended~~Increase in the ~~P-card,~~Applicable ~~ACH~~Margin ~~Credit,~~(as ~~and~~defined ~~ACH~~in ~~debit~~the ~~facilities~~Credit ~~for~~Agreement) anof ~~additional~~25 ~~year~~basis ~~beyond their current maturities; and~~ points.

~~viii.Borrowers~~Management tobelieves ~~pay~~that athe ~~$250,000~~carrying ~~extension~~value ~~fee~~of ~~and~~debt ~~$75,000~~approximated ~~waiver~~fair ~~and~~value ~~amendment~~at ~~fee~~April 30, ~~with $200~~2023,~~000~~ ~~due~~as atall ~~closing~~of ~~and~~the ~~$125,000~~long-term ~~due~~debt onbears ~~the~~interest ~~first~~at ~~anniversary~~variable ofrates ~~closing.~~based on prevailing market conditions.

The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of October 31, 2022.

In addition to the financial covenants, the Restated Credit Agreement provides for customary events of default, subject to certain cure periods and other limitations. Substantially all of the Borrowers' accounts receivable are automatically and promptly swept to repay amounts outstanding under the Restated Credit Agreement upon receipt by the Borrowers. Due to this automatic liquidating nature of the Restated Credit Agreement, if the Borrowers breach any covenant, violate any representation or warranty or suffer a deterioration in their ability to borrow pursuant to the borrowing base calculation, the Borrowers may not have access to cash liquidity unless provided by PNC at its discretion.

The Company's revolving line of credit with PNC is structured to provide seasonal credit availability during the Company's peak summer season. Approximately $14.5 million was available for borrowing as of October 31, 2022. The interest rate as of October 31, 2022 was 7.50%. The Company also incurs a fee on the unused portion of the revolving line of credit at a rate of 0.375%.

In addition to the outstanding debt balance of $12.2 million on the Company's revolving credit line, the Company also carries a mortgage on a manufacturing building in Conway Arkansas. The original note was dated August 2017 for $5.8 million, at a fixed rate of 4% per year and 20 years term. The outstanding amount under this note was $4.7 million as of October 31, 2022.

Management believes that the carrying value of debt approximated fair value at October 31, 2022, as all of the long-term debt bears interest at variable rates based on prevailing market conditions.

Note 8. Income Taxes

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income or reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As a part of this evaluation, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, the availability of tax carry backs, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations, to determine whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize existing deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances of $575,000, $864,000 and $10,099,000 as of April 30, 2023, January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022, respectively, are needed for federal deferred tax assets and certain state net operating loss carryforwards to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

16For the three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the effective income tax rates were 23.5% and 5.3%, respectively. The change in effective tax rates for the three months ended April 30, 2023 was primarily due to the change in forecasted mix of income before federal and state income taxes and estimated permanent differences. The effective tax rate for the three months

generation of future taxable income or reversal of deferred tax liabilities during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. As a part of this evaluation, the Company assesses all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, the availability of tax carry backs, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations (including cumulative losses in recent years), to determine whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to realize existing deferred tax assets. The Company incurred operating losses for fiscal years ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 and when combined with operating results from fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, the Company had incurred a cumulative operating loss for the last three fiscal years. As a result, the Company identified objective and verifiable negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses in the U.S. and in certain state jurisdictions over the preceding twelve quarters ended January 31, 2022. While the Company has taken significant measures to return to profitability, the short-term outlook for the school furniture market is challenging, particularly relating to ongoing supply chain difficulties. During the fourth quarter of the year ended January 31, 2022, based on this evaluation, and after considering future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and the effects of seasonality on the Company’s business, the Company determined the realization of a majority of the net deferred tax assets no longer met the more likely than not criteria and a valuation allowance was recorded against the majority of the net deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances of $8,893,000, $11,412,000 and $1,237,000 as of October 31, 2022, January 31, 2022 and October 31, 2021, respectively, are needed for federal deferred tax assets and certain state net operating loss carryforwards to reduce the carrying amount of deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. 13

~~The~~ended Company has taken significant measures to return to profitability, order rates for the first nine months of the year were favorable, and the third quarter and year-to-date results are showing significant improvement compared to the prior year. Despite these improvements the Company is still operating at a cumulative twelve quarter operating loss at OctoberApril 3130, 2022. Ifwas ~~the~~primarily ~~current~~due ~~favorable~~to ~~trends in operating income continue through~~ the ~~balance~~recording of ~~the~~a ~~year,~~valuation ~~the~~allowance ~~Company~~needed ~~will~~for ~~utilize~~federal adeferred ~~material~~tax ~~portion~~assets ofand ~~the~~certain state net operating ~~losses~~loss ~~and will re-evaluate the balance of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis~~carryforwards.

~~For~~The ~~the~~January ~~three months ended October~~ 31, ~~2022~~2018 and ~~2021,~~subsequent ~~the~~fiscal ~~effective~~years ~~income~~remain ~~tax~~open ~~rates were 3.9% and 18.2%, respectively. For the nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, the effective income tax rates were 2.6% and 22.2%, respectively. The change in effective tax rates~~ for ~~the~~examination ~~three~~by ~~and nine months ended October 31, 2022, was primarily due to~~ the ~~recording~~IRS ~~of a valuation allowance needed for federal deferred tax assets~~ and ~~certain~~ state ~~net~~tax ~~operating loss carryforwards which commenced in the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 and continued through the period ended October 31, 2022~~authorities. The ~~effective~~Company ~~tax~~is ~~rate~~not ~~for~~currently ~~the~~under ~~three~~any ~~and~~state nine months ended October 31, 2021 was primarily due to the change in forecasted mix of income before taxes in various jurisdictions, estimated permanent differences and the recording of a partial valuation allowance on net deferred tax assetsexamination.

~~The~~Note ~~January 31, 2017 and subsequent fiscal years remain open for examination by the IRS and state tax authorities~~9. ~~The~~ ~~Company~~Net isLoss ~~not~~per ~~currently under any state examination. The Company is currently under IRS examination for its fiscal year ended January 31, 2016 Federal tax return.~~ Share

17Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The following table sets forth the computation of basic net loss per share:

Note 9. Net Income per Share


	Three Months Ended
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	(In thousands, except per share data)

Net loss	$	(1,442)	$	(5,084)

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	16,211		16,033
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents from equity incentive plans (a)	—		—
Totals	16,211		16,033

Net loss per share - basic	$	(0.09)	$	(0.32)
Net loss per share - diluted	$	(0.09)	$	(0.32)

~~Basic~~(a) At ~~net~~April 30, ~~income~~2023 ~~per~~and ~~share~~2022, isapproximately ~~calculated~~85,000 byand ~~dividing~~169,000 ~~net~~shares ~~income by the weighted-average number~~ of common ~~shares~~stock ~~outstanding.~~equivalents ~~Diluted~~were ~~net~~excluded ~~income~~from ~~per~~the ~~share~~computation isof ~~calculated~~diluted ~~by dividing~~ net ~~income~~loss byper ~~the~~share, ~~weighted-average~~as ~~number of common shares outstanding plus~~ the ~~dilutive~~ effect ofwould ~~stock~~be ~~award~~anti-dilutive ~~grants.~~since ~~The following table sets forth~~ the ~~computation~~Company ofreported ~~basic~~a ~~and~~net ~~diluted income per share:~~loss.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021		10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	7,875	$	1,325	$	12,471	$	1,176
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	16,211		16,033		16,118		15,927
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents from equity incentive plans	38		49		18		36
Totals	16,249		16,082		16,136		15,963
Net income per share - basic	$	0.49	$	0.08	$	0.77	$	0.07
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.48	$	0.08	$	0.77	$	0.07

Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Incentive Plan

The Company's two stock incentive plans are the 2019 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The 2011 Plan expired in 2021 and no new award may be made under the 2011 Plan.

Under the 2019 Plan, the Company may grant an aggregate of up to 1,000,000 shares to its employees in the form of restricted stock units and non-employee directors in the form of restricted stock awards. Restricted stock units and awards granted under the 2019 Plan are expensed ratably over the vesting period of the awards. The Company determines the fair value of its restricted stock units or awards and related compensation expense as the difference between the market value of the units or awards on the date of grant less the exercise price of the units or awards granted. During the ~~nine~~three-month period ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, the Company granted 0 awards, vested ~~114,470~~0 shares according to their terms and forfeited 0 shares under the 2019 Plan. As of ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, there were approximately 608,435 shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan.

~~Under~~The ~~the~~following ~~2011~~table ~~Plan,~~summarizes the ~~Company was originally allowed to grant an aggregate of up to 2,000,000 shares to its employees in the form of restricted~~ stock ~~units and non~~-~~employee~~based ~~directors~~compensation inexpense ~~the~~related ~~form~~to of restricted stock awards~~. Restricted~~ ~~stock~~recognized ~~units~~in ~~and awards granted under~~ the ~~2011 Plan are expensed ratably over the vesting period of the awards. The~~ Company's ~~determines~~statement ~~the fair value~~ of ~~its~~operations ~~restricted~~for ~~stock units or awards and related compensation expense as~~ the ~~difference~~three ~~between~~months the market value of the units or awards on the date of grant less the exercise price of the units or awards granted. The 2011 Plan expired in 2021 and no new awards may be made under the 2011 Plan. During the nine-month period ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022,~~2023 ~~the Company vested 233,270 shares according to their terms~~ and ~~forfeited 0 shares under the 2011 Plan.~~2022:

During the three months ended October 31, 2022, stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units and/or awards recognized in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses was $28,000 and $75,000, respectively. During the three months ended October 31, 2021, stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units and/or awards recognized in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses was $54,000 and $199,000, respectively.


	Three Months Ended
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	(in thousands)

Cost of goods sold	$	28	$	55
Selling, general and administrative expenses	75		198
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	103	$	253

During the nine months ended October 31, 2022, stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units and/or awards recognized in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses was $120,000 and $389,000, respectively. During the nine months ended October 31, 2021, stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units and/or awards recognized in cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses was $164,000 and $595,000, respectively. 14

18As of April 30, 2023, there was $446,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units and/or awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1 year.

As of October 31, 2022, there was $652,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock units and/or awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2 years.

Note 11. Retirement Plans

The Company and its subsidiaries cover certain employees under a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan, entitled the Virco Employees’ Retirement Plan (the “Pension Plan”). As more fully described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, benefit accruals under the Employees Retirement Plan were frozen effective December 31, 2003. There is no service cost incurred under this plan.

The Company also provides a supplementary retirement plan for certain key employees, the VIP Retirement Plan (the “VIP Plan”). As more fully described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, ~~2022~~2023, benefit accruals under ~~this~~the ~~plan~~VIP Plan were frozen since December 31, 2003. There is no service cost incurred under the VIP Plan.

The following table summarizes the net periodic pension cost for the Pension Plan and the VIP Plan for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021 were as follows~~2022:

	Combined Employee Retirement Plans
	Three Months Ended
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021		10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	(in thousands)
	(in thousands)
Service cost	$	—	$	—
Service cost	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest cost	360		298
Interest cost	298		281		895		841
Expected return on plan assets	(199)		(237)
Expected return on plan assets	(237)		(218)		(711)		(654)
Plan settlement	—		—
Plan settlement	64		65		64		285
Amortization of prior service cost	—		—
Amortization of prior service cost	—		—		—		—
Recognized net actuarial loss	—		134
Recognized net actuarial loss	134		442		402		1,328
Benefit cost	$	161	$	195
Benefit cost	$	259	$	570	$	650	$	1,800

During the three and nine month periods ended October 31, 2022, the Company paid lump-sum distributions for the related benefit obligations. As the amount of the lump-sum settlement exceeded the sum of the service and interest cost for the year, the distribution was treated as a settlement in accordance with U.S. GAAP, resulting in plan settlement loss of $64,000 recorded in pension expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and an actuarial gain on the plan re-measurement of $3,347,000, net of tax, recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2021.

401(k) Retirement Plan

The Company’s retirement plan, which covers all U.S. employees, allows participants to defer from 1% to 75% of their eligible compensation through a 401(k)-retirement program. The plan includes Virco stock as one of the investment options. At ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022, the plan held 1,~~250~~320,~~468~~482 shares and 1,~~026~~165,~~096~~985 shares of Virco stock, respectively. For the three months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021, the compensation costs incurred for employer match, which is paid in the form of Company stock, was $333,000 and $217,000 respectively. For the nine months ended October 31,~~ 2022 ~~and 2021~~, the compensation costs incurred for employer match, which is paid in the form of Company stock, was $~~985~~403,000 and $~~608~~330,000 respectively.

Note 12. Warranty Accrual

The Company provides a warranty against all substantial defects in material and workmanship. The standard warranty offered on products sold through January 31, 2013 is ten years. Effective February 1, 2014 the Company modified its warranty to a limited lifetime warranty. The warranty effective February 1, 2014, is not anticipated to have a significant effect on warranty expense. Effective January 1, 2017, the Company modified the standard warranty offered on products sold after January 1, 2017 to provide specific warranty periods by product component, with no warranty period longer than ten years. The Company’s warranty is not a guarantee of service life, which depends upon events outside the Company’s control and may be different from the warranty period. The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based upon both product sales data and an analysis of actual warranty claims incurred.

The following is a summary of the Company’s warranty-claim activity for the three ~~and nine~~ months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022:


	Three Months Ended
	4/30/2023		4/30/2022
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	600	$	600
Provision	41		34
Costs incurred	(41)		(34)
Ending balance	$	600	$	600

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	10/31/2022		10/31/2021		10/31/2022		10/31/2021
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	650	$	700	$	600	$	700
Provision	106		28		256		84
Costs incurred	(56)		(28)		(156)		(84)
Ending balance	$	700	$	700	$	700	$	700

Note 13. Contingencies

The Company has a self-insured retention for product losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, workers’ compensation liability losses up to $250,000 per occurrence, general liability losses up to $50,000 per occurrence and automobile liability losses up to $50,000 per occurrence. The Company has purchased insurance to cover losses in excess of the self-insurance retention or deductible up to a limit of $30,000,000. The Company has obtained an actuarial estimate of its total expected future losses for liability claims and recorded a liability equal to the net present value.

The Company and its subsidiaries are defendants in various legal proceedings resulting from operations in the normal course of business. It is the opinion of management, in consultation with legal counsel, that the ultimate outcome of all such matters will not materially affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 14. Delivery Costs

For the three months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022, shipping and classroom delivery costs of approximately $83,~~393~~343,000 and $63,~~209~~254,000, respectively, were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For the nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, shipping and classroom delivery costs of approximately $18,776,000 and $14,242,000, respectively, were included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Note 15. Subsequent Events

~~None~~On May 19, 2023, the Company executed Amendment No. 3 to the Restated Credit Agreement, with an effective date of May 5, 2023. See Note 7.

2016

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations

Overview

The results of operations for the three-month ~~and~~period ~~nine-month periods~~ ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and the comparable ~~periods~~period ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2021~~2022 have been ~~significantly~~ impacted by economic conditions driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chain disruptions and global conflict. The impact of ~~COVID-19~~the ~~has~~supply ~~been~~chain ~~quite~~disruptions ~~different~~were much less severe during the current year compared to the prior year. Typically, the Company has an exceptionally seasonal annual cycle where approximately 50% of sales occur in the months of June, July and August. Orders received from customers follow a similar seasonal cycle, with the bulk of orders arriving approximately 4-6 weeks preceding the selling season.

~~During~~For the three-month ~~and~~period ~~nine-month periods~~ ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2021~~2023, ~~the~~management ~~majority~~believes ofthat ~~our~~the ~~primary~~traditional ~~customers~~seasonal ~~had~~cycle ~~either~~and ~~returned~~the toCompany’s ~~full~~ability ~~time~~to ~~classroom~~service ~~instruction~~that orseasonal ~~were~~cycle ~~planning~~has ~~for~~returned anto ~~imminent return~~normal. During ~~this~~the three-month period ended April 30, 2023 the Company ~~received~~experienced a ~~large~~10.4% ~~number~~increase ofin orders ~~earlier~~compared ~~than~~to ~~usual~~the ~~for~~same ~~immediate~~period ~~delivery~~last inyear. In ~~anticipation~~addition, of the ~~return~~Company tostarted ~~classroom~~the ~~instruction. Due~~year towith ~~shortages~~a backlog of ~~labor~~unshipped ~~and~~sales ~~raw~~orders ~~materials,~~that ~~the Company~~ was ~~not~~nearly ~~able~~$18 tomillion ~~deliver~~higher ~~the~~than ~~ordered furniture during~~ the ~~traditional~~prior ~~three~~year. On ~~months~~April ~~seasonal~~30, ~~window~~2023 inthe ~~2021,~~Company’s ~~and~~backlog ~~therefore~~of ~~elevated~~unshipped ~~production~~sales ~~and~~orders ~~shipping~~was ~~activity~~approximately ~~extended~~$104.6 ~~through~~million ~~the~~compared ~~fourth~~to ~~quarter~~$85.7 ~~ended~~million ~~January~~on 31April 30, 2022. The Company ~~began~~believes ~~this~~that ~~fiscal year with~~ a ~~backlog~~significant majority of ~~unshipped~~the sales ~~orders~~order ~~that~~backlog ~~was~~will ~~approximately~~be ~~$20~~delivered ~~million~~during ~~more~~June, ~~than~~July, ~~typical~~and August of ~~prior~~the ~~years~~current year.

~~For~~As ~~the~~discussed ~~three-month~~in ~~and~~the ~~nine-month~~Risk ~~periods~~Factors ~~ended~~section ~~October~~of ~~31,~~the ~~2022,~~Company’s ~~management~~Form ~~believes~~10-K ~~that~~for the ~~traditional~~fiscal ~~seasonal~~year ~~cycle~~ended ~~and~~January 31, 2023, the Company’s ~~ability~~utilizes toone ~~service~~nationwide ~~that~~contract ~~seasonal~~to ~~cycle~~price ~~has~~a ~~started~~significant toportion ~~return~~of toour ~~normal~~orders. ~~Year-to-date~~This ~~the~~contract/price ~~Company~~list ~~experienced~~determines aselling ~~6.7%~~prices ~~increase~~for ingoods ~~orders~~and ~~compared~~services tofor ~~the~~periods ~~same~~of ~~period~~one ~~last~~ year, ~~but~~and ~~quarterly~~occasionally ~~order~~longer. Due ~~rates~~to ~~were~~the current volatile ~~compared~~nature toof ~~the~~commodity ~~prior~~and ~~year~~energy ~~and~~prices ~~returned~~in addition to ageneral ~~more~~inflation, ~~traditional~~the ~~seasonal~~Company ~~cycle. During~~has negotiated the ~~quarter~~ability ~~ended~~to ~~October~~increase ~~31,~~prices ~~2022,~~for ~~the~~orders ~~Company~~received ~~experienced~~after aJuly ~~15.9%~~1 ~~decrease~~of ineach ~~orders~~contract ~~compared~~year in addition to the ~~same~~annual ~~period~~January ~~last~~1price ~~year,~~increase. There ~~while~~is ~~orders~~typically ~~for~~a ~~the~~several ~~first~~months' ~~two~~time ~~quarters~~lag ofbetween ~~2022~~raising ~~increased~~prices ~~compared~~on toorders and realizing the ~~same~~increase ~~period~~in ~~last~~sales ~~year~~revenue.

~~During~~Sales for the ~~three-month~~first ~~and~~quarter ~~nine-month periods~~ ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2021,~~2022 ~~the~~consisted ~~Company~~substantially ~~incurred~~of ~~severe~~orders ~~price~~received ~~increases~~prior into the ~~cost~~January ~~of raw materials. By example the cost of steel~~1, ~~depending~~2022 onprice ~~type~~increase, ~~increased~~causing bygross ~~50%~~margin toof ~~100%~~sales during ~~the~~that ~~year. In~~quarter ~~addition~~ to ~~increased~~be ~~costs,~~lower ~~the~~than ~~Company incurred shortages of domestically supplied materials including steel, plastic, resin, and wood~~desirable. ~~These~~Sales ~~cost increases continued through the end~~ of the ~~fiscal~~quarter ~~year~~ ended ~~January~~April 3130, ~~2022. During~~2023 ~~the~~benefited ~~three-month~~from ~~and nine-month periods ended October 31, 2021,~~ the ~~Company~~effect ~~incurred labor shortages and had severe difficulty hiring both permanent and temporary labor. The Company paid significant amounts~~ of ~~double-time~~two ~~wages~~price ~~to both factory and warehouse employees~~increases, ~~which~~one ~~adversely~~each ~~affected~~at ~~financial~~January ~~results. In comparison~~1, ~~the~~2022 ~~three-month~~ and ~~nine-month~~July ~~periods ended October 31~~1, 2022 ~~were characterized by continued high raw material costs, but did not incur the same severe spike in raw material costs incurred in the prior year~~. ~~Many raw material costs continued to increase moderately during the nine months ended October 31, 2022, but the cost of steel and select other costs have declined.~~ The ~~Company~~cumulative ~~raised~~impact ~~factory wages by nearly $3 per hour in the fourth quarter~~ of ~~fiscal year ended January 31, 2022. This increased factory direct labor and overhead expenses, but allowed~~ the ~~Company~~two toprice ~~hire~~increases ~~and~~favorably ~~retain~~impacted ~~adequate~~operating ~~permanent~~results ~~and temporary labor. Production levels~~ for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022 increased by 18% compared to the prior year, but the entire increase occurred in the first six months of the year to support increased levels of seasonal summer sales~~2023. ~~Increased levels of factory production and the related overhead absorption partially offset the effect of increased labor expenses.~~

~~Supply~~Although ~~chain~~conditions ~~disruptions~~have ~~from~~improved ~~international~~compared ~~sources – primarily China – continue~~ to ~~adversely affect operations and~~ the ~~competitive~~prior ~~landscape. In the six-month period ended July 31~~year, ~~2021,~~financing ~~obtaining~~challenges ~~materials~~resulting from ~~China~~the ~~was~~recent ~~adversely~~bank ~~affected~~failures byand ~~sharply~~credit ~~increased~~tightening ~~freight costs~~ and ~~by severe disruptions in ocean freight at domestic ports. The Company experienced~~ supply chain disruptions from ~~domestic~~international ~~suppliers~~sources in– ~~addition~~primarily to imported components. In the current nine-month period ended October 31, 2022, the port congestion has improved moderately and ocean freight costs have not been as volatile as in the prior year, but China’s ~~severe~~– ~~lockdowns~~continue ~~of major cities due~~ to ~~COVID has~~ adversely ~~affected~~affect ~~shipments~~operations ~~from~~and ~~China to~~ the ~~United~~competitive ~~States~~landscape. Because the Company has maintained its domestic factories, management believes that the Company will be less vulnerable to international supply chain disruption compared to competitors that source finished goods overseas, but the Company will still be affected by these international events.

Virco does not deliver furniture to new schools until the customer has an occupancy certificate. Supply chain disruptions in the construction industry which may delay the completion of new schools did not significantly impact sales volume during the quarter ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, but may impact the timing of sales during the balance of the year, possibly causing deliveries of furniture scheduled for the second quarter ending July 31, 2023 to occur in the subsequent quarter.

21Three Months Ended April 30, 2023

~~The~~For ~~Russian~~the ~~invasion~~three ofmonths ~~Ukraine~~ended inApril ~~February~~30, ~~2022 has caused oil and energy prices to spike~~2023, ~~which can increase~~ the ~~cost of plastic and freight. The~~ Company incurred ~~increased~~a ~~freight~~pre-tax ~~rates,~~loss ~~but~~of ~~because~~$1,886,000 ~~the~~on ~~Company~~sales ~~increased selling prices at the beginning~~ of ~~the year~~$34,943,000 ~~freight~~compared ~~costs~~to as a ~~percentage~~pre-tax loss of ~~sales have been stable. In addition~~$5,366,000 ~~approximately~~on ~~two~~sales ~~thirds~~ of ~~the pig iron used in domestic steel production comes from Russia and Ukraine. During the quarter ended October 31~~$32, ~~2022~~084,000 ~~steel prices declined, but remain high~~ in ~~comparison to~~ the ~~beginning~~prior ~~of 2021~~year.

AsSales ~~discussed~~increased inby ~~the~~approximately ~~Risk Factors section of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31~~$2, ~~2022~~859,000 ~~the~~or ~~Company~~8.9%, ~~utilizes~~compared ~~one nationwide contract~~ to ~~price~~the asame ~~significant~~prior ~~portion of our orders. This contract/price list determines selling prices for goods and services for periods of one~~ year ~~and occasionally longer~~period. ~~Due~~The toincrease ~~the~~was ~~current~~attributable ~~volatile nature of commodity and energy prices in addition~~ to ~~general~~an ~~inflation, the Company has negotiated the ability to~~ increase ~~prices~~in ~~for~~beginning ~~orders received after July 1~~ of ~~each contract~~ year ~~in addition to the January 1 price increase. There is typically several months' time lag between raising prices on orders and realizing the increase in~~ sales ~~revenue. Sales~~backlog, ~~for~~increased ~~the~~ first quarter ~~ended April 30, 2022 consisted substantially of~~ orders ~~received prior to the January 1~~, ~~2022 price increase. Sales for the second quarter ended July 31, 2022~~ and ~~third~~increased ~~quarter~~selling ~~ending October 31, 2022 substantially consist of orders received prior to the July 1, 2022 price increase~~prices. The impact of the price increase for orders received after July 1, 2022 should benefit the Company’s fourth quarter ending January 31, 2023 to the extent such orders are shipped during the fourth quarter.

~~Three~~Gross ~~Months~~margin ~~Ended~~for ~~October~~the quarter ended April 30, 2023 was 37.8% of sales compared to 30.3% in the prior year. In order to recover the increased cost of materials and labor incurred in the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company raised prices for all orders received after January 1, 2022. The impact of the price increase did not fully affect sales for the quarter ended April 30, 2022. The three-month period ended April 30, 2023 benefited from the cumulative effect of price increases implemented January 1, 2022 and July 1, 2022, returning margins to profitable full year levels.

~~For~~Selling, ~~the~~general ~~three~~and ~~months~~administrative ~~ended~~expenses ~~October~~(SG&A) ~~31,~~for ~~2022,~~ the ~~Company~~three ~~earned~~months ~~pre-tax~~ended ~~income~~April ~~of $8~~30,~~194,000~~ on2023 ~~sales~~increased ofby approximately $7763,~~395,~~000 compared to athe ~~pre-tax~~same ~~income~~period oflast $1year,~~620,000~~ onbut ~~sales~~decreased as a percentage of ~~$57,331,000~~sales to 41.5% compared to 45.0% in the prior year. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was attributable in part to increased variable freight and

Sales increased by approximately $20,064,000 or 35.0%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was attributable to an increase in beginning of year sales backlog, increased first quarter orders, a price increase for orders received after January 1, and by the Company’s ability to service the traditional seasonal cycle. During fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company incurred severe supply chain issues and labor shortages and shipped a larger portion of annual sales revenue later in the fiscal year.17

~~Gross~~service ~~margin~~expense ~~for~~and ~~the~~by ~~third~~increased ~~quarter~~variable ~~ended~~selling ~~October 31, 2022 was 39~~expenses.8% ofBecause ~~sales~~a ~~compared~~significant toportion ~~35.4% in the prior year. In order to recover the increased cost~~ of ~~materials~~general and ~~labor~~administrative ~~incurred~~expenses indo ~~the prior year, the Company raised prices for all orders received after January 1, 2022. The impact of the price increase did~~ not ~~fully~~fluctuate ~~affect~~with sales ~~for the first quarter~~volume, ~~but~~SG&A ~~was~~declined ~~substantially~~as ~~realized~~a ~~for~~percentage sales during the second quarter ended July 31, 2022 and the third quarter ended October 31, 2022. In the prior quarter, the Company incurred significant increases in raw material costs. In the current quarter, raw material costs remained high but were relatively stable, and were covered by the price increase of ~~January 1, 2022~~sales.

~~Selling,~~During ~~general and administrative expenses for~~ the ~~three~~fiscal ~~months~~year ended ~~October~~January 31, ~~2022~~2023 ~~increased by approximately $4,195,000 compared to~~ the ~~same~~Company ~~period~~purchased ~~last~~equity ~~year,~~securities ~~but~~held ~~decreased~~in as a ~~percentage~~Rabbi ofTrust ~~sales~~ to ~~28.4%~~fund ~~compared~~benefits tounder ~~31.0% in~~ the ~~prior~~VIP ~~year~~Pension Plan. The ~~increase~~Company inbenefited ~~selling,~~from ~~general and administrative expenses was attributable in part to increased variable freight and service expense and by increased variable selling expenses. In addition~~$299,000 ~~the~~of ~~Company~~unrealized ~~settled~~gains aduring ~~legal action related to its intellectual property rights against a competitor in~~ the ~~school~~three ~~furniture market. The settlement effectively offset legal expenses for the nine~~ months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023.

The primary component of pension expense relates to the amortization of AOCI. In the ~~prior~~ year ended January 31, 2022, the Company benefited from favorable investment returns on Plan assets and reduced measurement of benefit obligations due to increased discount rates, both of which favorably impacted AOCI. Because beginning of the year AOCI was ~~lower~~low for the three-month periods ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, the quarterly amortization of AOCI was reduced compared to ~~the comparable period in the~~ prior ~~year~~years.

Interest expense increased by $~~240~~285,000 for the three months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 compared to the same period last year. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the amount borrowed ~~in 2022~~ to finance seasonal working capital and an increase in the interest rate.

For the three months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2021~~2022, the effective income tax rates were 323.95% and 185.23%, respectively. The ~~lower~~change in effective tax ~~rate~~rates infor ~~2022 was due primarily to~~ the ~~recording~~three ofmonths aended ~~valuation~~April ~~allowance~~30, ~~needed~~2023 ~~for~~was ~~federal~~primarily ~~deferred~~due ~~tax~~to ~~assets~~the ~~and~~change ~~certain state net operating loss carryforwards which commenced~~ in ~~the~~forecasted ~~fourth~~mix ~~quarter~~ of ~~fiscal~~income ~~year~~before ~~ended~~federal ~~January 31, 2022~~ and ~~continued~~state ~~through~~income ~~the~~taxes ~~period~~and ~~ended~~estimated ~~October~~permanent ~~31, 2022~~differences. ~~Effective~~The lower effective tax rate ~~for~~in ~~the~~prior ~~third~~year ~~quarter ended October 31, 2021~~ was ~~primarily~~ due primarily to the ~~change~~recording ~~in forecasted mix~~ of ~~income~~a ~~before~~valuation ~~taxes~~allowance inneeded ~~various~~for ~~jurisdictions,~~federal ~~estimated~~deferred ~~permanent~~tax ~~differences~~assets and ~~the~~certain ~~recording~~state ~~of a partial valuation allowance on~~ net ~~deferred~~operating ~~tax~~loss ~~assets~~carryforwards.

Nine Months Ended October 31, 2022

For the nine-month period ended October 31, 2022 the Company earned a pre-tax profit of $12,803,000 on sales of $192,276,000 compared to a pre-tax profit of $1,511,000 on sales of $144,720,000 in the prior year. Sales increased by approximately $47,556,000 or 32.9%. The increase was attributable to an increase in beginning of year sales backlog, increased first quarter orders, a price increase for orders received after January 1, 2022 and by the Company’s ability to service the traditional seasonal cycle.

Gross margin for the first nine months of fiscal 2023 was 37.6% of sales compared to 34.8% in the prior year. The margin was positively affected by a price increase at the beginning of fiscal 2023, offset in part by increased labor expenses. Raw material costs increased significantly in the prior year. These costs remained high for the current year but were relatively stable and were substantially covered by the price increase implemented January 1, 2022.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 increased compared to the same period last year by approximately $11,083,000 but decreased as a percentage of sales to 29.7% compared to 31.8% in the prior year . The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was attributable to increased variable freight and service expenses and variable selling expenses. Legal expenses to enforce the Company's intellectual property rights against a competitor in the school furniture market were offset by a settlement received in the third quarter ended October 31, 2022.

The primary component of pension expense relates to the amortization of AOCI. In the prior year ended January 31, 2022 the Company benefited from favorable investment returns on Plan assets and reduced measurement of benefit obligations due to increased discount rates, both of which favorably impacted AOCI. Because beginning of the AOCI was lower, the quarterly amortization of AOCI was reduced compared to the comparable period in the prior year.

Interest expense increased by $713,000 for the nine months ended October 31, 2022 compared to the same period last year. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the amount borrowed in 2022 to finance seasonal working capital and an increase in interest rate.

For the nine months ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, the effective income tax rates were 2.6% and 22.2%, respectively. The lower effective tax rate was due primarily to the recording of a valuation allowance needed for federal deferred tax assets and certain state net operating loss carryforwards which commenced in the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 and continued through the period ended October 31, 2022. Effective tax rate for the third quarter ended October 31, 2021 was primarily due to the change in forecasted mix of income before taxes in various jurisdictions, estimated permanent differences and the recording of a partial valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The market for education furniture is extremely seasonal and approximately 50% of the Company's annual sales volume is shipped in the months of June through August of each year. The Company traditionally manufactures large quantities of inventory during the first and second quarters of each fiscal year in anticipation of seasonally high summer shipments. In addition, the Company finances a large balance of accounts receivable during the peak season. As discussed above, during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company experienced severe supply chain disruptions and labor availability and delivered orders later in the year. In the ~~current~~fiscal ~~quarter~~year ended ~~October~~January 31, ~~2022~~2023, the ~~Company continued to experience~~ supply chain ~~challenges,~~disruptions ~~but~~abated ~~not~~and to the ~~same~~Company ~~degree~~started asto inreturn to the ~~prior~~more ~~year~~traditional seasonal cycle. The Company believes that traditional seasonal sales cycle has substantially returned for the quarter ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, and will continue through the fourth quarter ending January 31, ~~2023~~2024.

Inventory increased by $1619,~~982~~343,000 at ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, compared to ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2021~~2022. ~~Approximately~~The ~~11%~~entire ~~of the~~ increase in inventory was ~~valuation~~attributable asto ~~a result of~~ increased ~~material~~quantity. The ~~and~~cost ~~labor costs,~~ and ~~the~~valuation ~~balance~~of inventory was ~~due to increased quantity~~stable. The quantity of inventory was increased ~~due~~in response to ~~increased~~a ~~sales~~material ~~volume,~~increase ~~and~~in ~~because~~unshipped ~~the~~sales ~~Company~~orders ~~did~~(backlog). The ~~not~~majority ~~have~~of ~~adequate~~the ~~levels~~backlog ofis ~~inventory~~scheduled infor delivery during the ~~prior~~traditional ~~year~~seasonal ~~due~~peak tofrom ~~supply~~June ~~chain~~through ~~issues~~August. The increase in inventory was financed by increased borrowing under the Company’s line of credit with PNC Bank and increased vendor credit, which traditionally increases with increased purchases of materials.

Accrual basis capital expenditures for the ~~nine~~three months ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023 were $21,~~716~~300,000 compared to $2627,~~552,~~000 for the same period last year. Capital expenditures are being financed through the Company's credit facility with PNC Bank and operating cash flow and restricted to not exceed $8,000,000 per year by covenant.

The Company was in violation of its financial covenants under the Restated Credit Agreement as of January 31, 2022, due to an increase in the Company’s net loss primarily attributable to the effects of supply chain disruptions and labor shortages. On April 15, 2022, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Revolving Credit and Security Agreement with PNC Bank, which implemented certain changes to the Company’s credit facility with PNC Bank, including the extension of the final maturity date of the facility to April 15, 2027. Subsequent to the period ended April 30, 2023, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 which increased the borrowing limit to $72.5 million during the peak seasonal period from June through August 2023. See Note 7. Debt of Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

23Based on the Company’s current projections, raw material costs and its ability to introduce price increases, management believes it will maintain compliance with its financial covenants under the Credit Agreement, although risks and uncertainties remain, such as economic conditions, changing raw material costs and supply chain challenges. The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of April 30, 2023.

which implemented certain changes to the Company’s credit facility with PNC Bank, including the extension of the final maturity date of the facility to April 15, 2027 and increase in the borrowing limit from $65,000,000 to $70,000,000 in July and August 2022, and from $40,000,000 to $45,000,000 in October 2022. See Note 7. Debt of Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.18

Based on the Company’s current projections, including COVID-19 related costs, raw material costs and its ability to introduce price increases, management believes it will maintain compliance with its financial covenants under Amendment No. 2, although risks and uncertainties remain, such as economic conditions, changing raw material costs and supply chain challenges. The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants as of October 31, 2022.

The Company believes that cash flows from operations, together with the Company's unused borrowing capacity with PNC Bank will be sufficient to fund the Company's debt service requirements, capital expenditures and working capital needs for the next twelve months.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

None.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company's critical accounting policies are outlined in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2022~~2023.

Forward-Looking Statements

From time to time, including in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023, the Company or its representatives have made and may make forward-looking statements, orally or in writing. Such forward-looking statements may be included in, without limitation, reports to stockholders, press releases, oral statements made with the approval of an authorized executive officer of the Company and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The words or phrases “anticipates,” “expects,” “will continue,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” or similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The results contemplated by the Company's forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to vary materially from anticipated results, including without limitation, availability of funding for educational institutions, availability and cost of materials, availability and cost of labor, demand for the Company's products, competitive conditions affecting selling prices and margins, capital costs and general economic conditions. Such risks and uncertainties are discussed in more detail in the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2022~~2023, including under the caption "Risk Factors".

The Company's forward-looking statements represent its judgment only on the dates such statements were made. By making any forward-looking statements, the Company assumes no duty to update them to reflect new, changed or unanticipated events or circumstances.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and is therefore not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Principal Executive Officer along with its Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) as of ~~October~~April 3130, ~~2022~~2023. Based upon the foregoing, the Company's Principal Executive Officer along with the Company's Principal Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of such date were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Company management, including its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, Company management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

controls and procedures, Company management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — Other Information

Virco Mfg. Corporation

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is a party to various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business which, in the opinion of the Company, are not material in that management either expects that the Company will be successful on the merits of the pending cases or that any liabilities resulting from such cases will be substantially covered by insurance. While it is impossible to estimate with certainty the ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to these actions, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities will not be material to the results of operations, financial position, or cash flows of the Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider and evaluate the information in this Quarterly Report and the risk factors set forth under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, ~~2022~~2023 (the “Form 10-K”), which was filed with the SEC on April 28, ~~2022~~2023. The risk factors associated with our business have not materially changed compared to the risk factors disclosed in the Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit Number			Document

31.1			Certification of Robert A. Virtue, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2			Certification of Robert E. Dose, Vice President, Finance, pursuant to Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1			Certifications of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Exhibit 101.INS — XBRL Instance Document.

Exhibit 101.SCH — XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

Exhibit 101.CAL — XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.LAB — XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

Exhibit 101.PRE — XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	VIRCO MFG. CORPORATION
Date: December 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Robert E. Dose
Date: June 12, 2023	By:	/s/ Robert E. Dose
		Robert E. Dose
		Vice President — Finance
		(Principal Financial Officer)

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Filing Compare · VIRCO MFG CORPORATION