UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K


☒			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-38956

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland						36-4926041
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

31 North 9th Street, Richmond, Indiana						47374
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (765) 962-2581

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	RMBI	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by checkmark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by checkmark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☒

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

☐The Noaggregate ☒market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2025, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $137.0 million. (The exclusion from such amount of the market value of the shares owned by any person shall not be deemed an admission by the registrant that such person is an affiliate of the registrant.)

~~The~~Indicate ~~aggregate~~the ~~market~~number ~~value~~ of ~~the~~shares ~~voting~~outstanding ~~and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as~~ of ~~June~~each ~~30, 2024, the last business day~~ of the registrant's ~~most~~classes ~~recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $123.0 million. (The exclusion from such amount~~ of ~~the~~common ~~market~~stock ~~value~~as of the ~~shares~~latest ~~owned~~practicable bydate: ~~any~~As ~~person~~of ~~shall~~March 23, ~~not~~2026, bethere ~~deemed~~were an10,501,260 ~~admission~~shares byof the registrant's ~~that~~common ~~such~~stock ~~person is an affiliate of the registrant~~outstanding.)

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: As of March 27, 2025, there were 10,495,688 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

PART III of Form 10-K – Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The 2025 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.None

RICHMOND MUTUAL BANCORPORATION, INC.

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
		Page
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	33
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	43
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	43
Item 2.	Properties	4544
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45
PART II		46
Item 5.	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	46
Item 6.	[Reserved]	46
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	46
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	6162
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	6364
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	~~108~~111
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	~~108~~111
Item 9B.	Other Information	~~109~~112
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	~~109~~112
PART III		~~110~~113
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	~~110~~113
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	~~111~~117
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	~~111~~120
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	~~111~~123
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	~~111~~123
PART IV		~~112~~125
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	~~112~~125
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	~~113~~127
Signatures		~~114~~128

PART I

Item 1. Business

The disclosures set forth in this item are qualified by Item 1A. Risk Factors and the section captioned “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this report and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this report.

Overview

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc., a Maryland corporation, which is sometimes referred to in this document as “Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland,” was formed in February 2019 to serve as a new stock holding company for First Bank Richmond upon completion of the reorganization of First Bank Richmond from the mutual to stock holding company form of organization. The reorganization was completed on July 1, 2019. Prior to completion of the reorganization, First Bank Richmond was a wholly owned subsidiary of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc., a Delaware stock corporation, which is sometimes referred to in this document as “Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware,” and Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware was a wholly owned subsidiary of First Mutual of Richmond, Inc., a Delaware non-stock mutual holding company (the “MHC”). On July 1, 2019, upon the completion of the reorganization, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware and the MHC ceased to exist, and First Bank Richmond became a wholly owned subsidiary of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland. In certain circumstances, where appropriate, the terms “Richmond Mutual Bancorporation,” “the Company,” “we, “us” and “our” refer collectively to (i) Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware and First Bank Richmond with respect to discussions in this document involving matters occurring prior to completion of the reorganization and (ii) Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland and First Bank Richmond with respect to discussions in this document involving matters to occur post-reorganization, in each case unless the context indicates another meaning.

On February 6, 2019, the Board of Directors of the MHC, the parent mutual holding company of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware, adopted a Plan of Reorganization and Stock Offering (the “Plan”). The Plan was approved by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) and by the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions (the “IDFI”), as well as the voting members of the MHC at a special meeting of members held on June 19, 2019. Pursuant to the Plan, upon completion of the transaction, the MHC would convert from a mutual holding company to the stock holding company corporate structure, the MHC and Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware would cease to exist, and First Bank Richmond would become a wholly owned subsidiary Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland. The transaction was completed on July 1, 2019. In connection with the related stock offering, which was also completed on July 1, 2019, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland sold 13,026,625 shares of common stock at $10.00 per share, for gross offering proceeds of approximately $130.3 million in its subscription offering and contributed 500,000 shares and $1.25 million to a newly formed charitable foundation, the First Bank Richmond, Inc. Community Foundation (the “Foundation”).

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland is regulated by the Federal Reserve Board. Our corporate office is located at 31 North 9th Street, Richmond, Indiana, and our telephone number is (765) 962-2581. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Maryland's primary business activities are currently limited to one significant business segment, which is community banking.

First Bank Richmond, headquartered in Richmond, Indiana, is a state-chartered commercial bank. Established in 1887 as a mutual savings and loan, it became a federal mutual savings and loan in 1935, operating as First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Richmond. In 1993, the Bank operated as First Bank Richmond, S.B. after converting to a state-chartered mutual savings bank. It transitioned to a national bank charter in 1998 as part of a mutual holding company reorganization. In 2007, its holding company, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware, acquired Mutual Federal Savings Bank in Sidney, Ohio. Mutual Federal operated independently until 2016, when it merged with First Bank Richmond to streamline operations. In 2017, the Bank converted to an Indiana state-chartered commercial bank and adopted the name First Bank Richmond, while continuing to operate in Ohio under the name Mutual Federal, a division of First Bank Richmond.

First Bank Richmond provides full banking services through its seven full- and one limited-service offices located in Cambridge City (1), Centerville (1), Richmond (5) and Shelbyville (1), Indiana, and its ~~five~~six full-service offices located in Piqua (2), Sidney (2), ~~and~~ Troy (1), ~~Ohio,~~ and ~~its loan production office in~~ Columbus (1), Ohio. Administrative, trust and wealth management services are conducted through First Bank Richmond’s Corporate Office/Financial Center located in Richmond, Indiana. As an Indiana-chartered commercial bank, First Bank Richmond is subject to regulation by the IDFI and the FDIC.

Our principal business consists of attracting deposits from the general public, as well as brokered deposits, and investing those funds primarily in loans secured by commercial and multi-family real estate, first mortgages on owner-

occupied, one- to four-family residences, a variety of consumer loans, direct financing leases and commercial and industrial loans. We also obtain funds by utilizing Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances. Funds not invested in loans generally are invested in investment securities, including mortgage-backed and mortgage-related securities and agency and municipal bonds.

First Bank Richmond generates commercial, mortgage and consumer loans and leases and receives deposits from customers located primarily in Wayne and Shelby Counties, in Indiana and Shelby, Miami and Franklin ~~(no deposits)~~ Counties, in Ohio. We sometimes refer to these counties as our primary market area. First Bank Richmond’s loans are generally secured by specific items of collateral including real property, consumer assets and business assets. Our leasing operation consists of direct investments in equipment that we lease (referred to as direct finance leases) to small businesses located throughout the United States. Our lease portfolio consists of various kinds of equipment, generally technology-related, such as computer systems, medical equipment and general manufacturing, industrial, construction and transportation equipment. We seek leasing transactions where we believe the equipment leased is integral to the lessee's business. We also provide trust and wealth management services, including serving as executor and trustee under wills and deeds and as guardian and custodian of employee benefits, and manage private investment accounts for individuals and institutions. Total wealth management assets under management and administration were $~~193~~246.03 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Our results of operations are primarily dependent on net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income, which is the income that is earned on loans and investments, and interest expense, which is the interest that is paid on deposits and borrowings. Other significant sources of pre-tax income are service charges (mostly from service charges on deposit accounts and loan servicing fees), and fees from sale of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market. We also recognize income from the sale of investment securities.

First Insurance Management, Inc., a Nevada corporation, was formed in 2022 as a pooled captive insurance company subsidiary of the Company. The purpose of this company is to provide additional property and casualty insurance coverage to the Company and its subsidiaries and reinsurance to other third party insurance captives for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace.

FB Richmond Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation, was formed in 2020 as a subsidiary of First Bank Richmond. FB Richmond Holdings holds substantially all of the Bank’s investment portfolio. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the market value of securities held was $~~258~~254.57 million.

FB Richmond Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was formed in 2020 as a subsidiary of FB Richmond Holdings, Inc. FB Richmond Properties holds certain residential mortgages and commercial real estate loans. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, FB Richmond Properties held approximately $~~113~~102.16 million in residential mortgages and commercial real estate loans.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, on a consolidated basis, we had $1.5 billion in assets, $1.2 billion in loans and leases, net of allowance, $1.1 billion in deposits, and $~~132~~145.98 million in stockholders’ equity. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, First Bank Richmond’s total risk-based capital ratio was 14.26%, exceeding the 10.0% requirement for a well-capitalized institution. For the year ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we reported net income of $911.46 million, compared to net income of $9.54 million for the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024.

On November 11, 2025, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with The Farmers Bancorp, Frankfort, Indiana (“Farmers Bancorp”), which is headquartered in Frankfort, Indiana. Pursuant to the merger agreement Farmers Bancorp will merge with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving corporation in the merger. The transaction is expected to be completed in the second calendar quarter of 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, regulatory approval, and approval of the Company’s and Farmers Bancorp’s shareholders. For a more detailed description of the proposed merger, see "Note 3 – Acquisition of The Farmers Bancorp, Frankfort, Indiana".

Market Area

Our primary market area includes Wayne and Shelby counties in Indiana and Shelby, Miami, and Franklin counties in Ohio. We conduct our business through 1213 full service and one limited-service banking offices, with seven full-service and one limited-service offices located in Indiana and ~~five~~six offices situated in Ohio. Our main full-service banking office and four other branch offices are located in Richmond (Wayne County), Indiana. We operate two other offices in Wayne County in the towns of Cambridge City and Centerville, and one office in Shelbyville (Shelby County), Indiana, which is situated approximately 25 miles southeast of Indianapolis. Through Mutual Federal, a division of First Bank Richmond, we operate two offices in Sidney (Shelby County), Ohio, ~~and~~ two offices in Piqua and one office in Troy, Ohio (Miami County)., Weand ~~also~~one ~~operate a loan production~~ office in Columbus ~~(Franklin County)~~, Ohio that focuses on commercial and multi-family real estate lending. Administrative, trust and wealth management services are provided at our Corporate Office/Financial Center located in Richmond, Indiana.

Indiana. Wayne County had an estimated population in 2024 of 66,400 with a median household income of approximately $56,700. The unemployment rate in December 2024 was 4.6% in Wayne County, as compared to the national and state unemployment rates of 4.4% and 4.0%, respectively. The top employers in Wayne County include Reid Health, Richmond Community Schools, Belden Wire & Cable, Sugar Creek Brandworthy Food Solutions, Richmond State Hospital,

~~and~~(Franklin ~~Primex~~County). ~~Plastics~~Administrative, ~~Corporation.~~trust ~~First~~and ~~Bank~~wealth ~~Richmond~~management ~~operates~~services ~~seven~~are ~~banking~~provided ~~offices~~at inour ~~Wayne~~Corporate ~~County,~~Office/Financial ~~including~~Center ~~five~~located in Richmond, ~~which is the largest city in Wayne County~~Indiana.

~~Richmond is a city in east central~~ Indiana. ~~and the county seat of~~ Wayne County. ~~Richmond represents our largest deposit concentration and branch office presence. Richmond~~ had an estimated population in 2025 of 3566,~~600~~400 ~~in 2024~~ with a median household income of approximately $4650,400. ItThe isunemployment ~~favorably~~rate ~~located~~in ~~with~~December ~~excellent~~2025 ~~highway~~was ~~access and has over 7~~2.7% ~~million~~in ~~people~~Wayne ~~within~~County, aas ~~100-mile~~compared ~~radius.~~to ~~Health~~the ~~care~~national and ~~social~~state ~~services~~unemployment ~~are~~rates ~~the primary sources~~ of ~~employment,~~4.1% ~~followed by manufacturing~~ and ~~retail~~2.7%, ~~trade~~respectively. The ~~city~~top isemployers ~~home~~in toWayne aCounty ~~regional~~include ~~hospital,~~ Reid Health, asRichmond ~~well~~Community asSchools, ~~five~~Sugar ~~higher~~Creek ~~educational~~Brandworthy ~~institutions:~~Food ~~Earlham College~~Solutions, ~~Bethany~~and ~~Theological~~Richmond ~~Seminary,~~State ~~Indiana~~Hospital. ~~University~~First ~~East~~Bank Richmond operates seven banking offices in Wayne County, ~~Purdue~~including ~~Polytechnic~~five ~~University-~~in Richmond, ~~and~~which ~~Ivy~~is ~~Tech~~the ~~Community~~largest ~~College~~city in Wayne County.

~~Within~~Richmond ~~Wayne~~is ~~County,~~a wecity ~~also operate branches~~ in ~~Cambridge~~east ~~City~~central ~~and~~Indiana ~~Centerville, which were initially opened in 1958~~ and ~~1959, respectively. Cambridge City is located in~~ the ~~western~~county ~~part~~seat of Wayne County. ~~approximately~~Richmond 15represents ~~miles~~our ~~west~~largest ofdeposit ~~Richmond,~~concentration and branch office presence. Richmond had an estimated population of 135,600 in 2025 with a median household income of approximately $4645,~~500 in 2024~~400. ~~The~~It ~~workforce in this community~~ is ~~primarily~~favorably ~~composed~~located ofwith ~~health~~excellent ~~care~~highway access and ~~social~~has ~~service~~over ~~workers~~7.8 ~~and~~million ~~employees~~people inwithin ~~the~~a ~~manufacturing~~100-mile ~~sector~~radius. ~~Centerville~~Health ~~had~~care anand ~~estimated~~social ~~population~~services ofare ~~2,700~~the ~~with~~primary asources ~~median household income~~ of ~~approximately $50~~employment,~~700~~ infollowed ~~2024.~~by Itmanufacturing isand aretail ~~residential~~trade. ~~suburb~~The tocity ~~Richmond~~is ~~and~~ home to ~~many antique stores. While Wayne County experienced~~ a ~~5.0%~~regional ~~decline~~hospital, inReid ~~population from 2010 to 2020~~Health, ~~the~~as ~~population~~well inas ~~Centerville~~five ~~increased~~higher byeducational ~~3.6%~~institutions: ~~during~~Earlham ~~this~~College, ~~period.~~Bethany ~~The~~Theological ~~population~~Seminary, ~~growth~~Indiana inUniversity ~~Centerville~~East, ~~resulted~~Purdue inPolytechnic ~~part~~University-Richmond, ~~from the influx of professionals~~ and ~~the~~Ivy ~~appeal~~Tech ofCommunity ~~its school system~~College.

~~Shelbyville,~~Within ~~where~~Wayne County, we also operate ~~one~~branches ~~branch~~in Cambridge City and Centerville, which were initially opened in 1958 and 1959, respectively. Cambridge City is located in the ~~county~~western ~~seat~~part of ~~Shelby~~Wayne County, ~~Indiana.~~approximately ~~Shelby~~15 ~~County~~miles west of Richmond, and had an estimated population ~~in 2024~~ of 451,~~100~~700 with a median household income of approximately $7151,~~300~~100 in 2025. ~~Shelbyville,~~The ~~which~~workforce in this community is primarily composed of health care and social service workers and employees in the manufacturing sector. Centerville had an estimated population of 192,~~900~~800 with a median household income of approximately $5849,~~500,~~700 in 2025. It is ~~located~~a inresidential ~~central~~suburb ~~Indiana~~to Richmond and ~~within~~home ~~the~~to ~~Indianapolis~~many ~~metropolitan~~antique ~~area~~stores. ~~Manufacturing,~~While ~~health~~Wayne ~~care,~~County ~~and~~experienced ~~social~~a ~~services~~5.0% ~~are~~decline ~~the~~in ~~largest~~population ~~employment~~from ~~sectors~~2010 to 2020, the population in ~~Shelby~~Centerville ~~County~~increased by 3.6% during this period. The ~~unemployment~~population ~~rate~~growth in ~~Shelby~~Centerville ~~County~~resulted ~~was~~in ~~3.4%~~part infrom ~~December~~the ~~2024~~influx ~~compared~~of toprofessionals ~~2.3%~~and inthe ~~December~~appeal ~~2023~~of its school system.

~~Ohio.~~Shelbyville, Wewhere we operate ~~two~~one ~~offices~~branch, inis ~~Sidney~~the (county seat of Shelby County), ~~Ohio,~~Indiana. ~~and~~Shelby ~~two~~County ~~offices~~had an estimated population in ~~Piqua~~2025 ~~and~~of ~~one~~45,300 ~~office~~with ina ~~Troy~~median ~~(Miami~~household ~~County),~~income ~~Ohio~~of approximately $72,200. WeShelbyville, ~~also~~which ~~operate~~had an estimated population of 20,300 with a ~~loan~~median ~~production~~household ~~office~~income of $55,600, is located in ~~Columbus~~central Indiana and within the Indianapolis metropolitan area. Manufacturing, ~~Ohio~~health ~~(Franklin~~care, and social services are the largest employment sectors in Shelby County). ~~that~~The ~~focuses~~unemployment onrate ~~commercial~~in ~~and~~Shelby ~~multi-family~~County ~~real~~was ~~estate~~2.5% ~~lending~~in December 2025 compared to 3.4% in December 2024.

~~Sidney~~Ohio. isWe ~~the~~operate ~~largest~~two ~~city~~offices ~~and~~in ~~the~~Sidney ~~county seat of~~ (Shelby County), Ohio~~. Sidney is located approximately 35 miles north of Dayton~~, ~~Ohio~~two ~~and~~offices ~~75 miles west of Columbus, Ohio. Sidney had an estimated population~~ in ~~2024~~Piqua ofand ~~20,500~~one ~~with~~office ~~a median household income of approximately $59,600. Manufacturing is the dominant industry among the employee workforce~~ in ~~Shelby~~Troy ~~County.~~(Miami ~~Leading manufacturing employers in Shelby~~ County ~~include Honda of America Manufacturing~~), ~~Airstream~~Ohio, and ~~Plastipak~~one ~~Packaging.~~office ~~The unemployment rate~~ in ~~Shelby~~Columbus, ~~County~~Ohio ~~was~~(Franklin 4County).~~0% in December 2024 compared to 2.9% in December 2023.~~

~~Miami~~Sidney ~~County~~ is ~~located~~the inlargest ~~west~~city ~~central Ohio~~ and ~~is part of~~ the ~~Dayton~~county ~~metropolitan~~seat ~~area. Miami County had an estimated population in 2024~~ of ~~109,500~~Shelby ~~with a median household income of approximately $74,200. Within Miami~~ County, ~~we have offices in Troy, which is the county seat and most populous city, and Piqua~~Ohio. ~~Troy~~Sidney is located 19approximately 35 miles north of Dayton, ~~while~~Ohio ~~Piqua~~and is75 ~~located 27~~ miles ~~north~~west of ~~Dayton~~Columbus, Ohio. ~~Troy~~Sidney had an estimated population in ~~2024~~2025 of ~~26,700 with a median household income of approximately $70,500, while Piqua had a population of~~ 20,500 with a median household income of approximately $6360,~~800~~700. Manufacturing is the ~~leading~~dominant industry ~~employment~~among ~~sector~~the inemployee ~~Miami~~workforce ~~County,~~in ~~followed~~Shelby ~~by health care and social services as well as retail trade~~County. ~~The~~Leading ~~largest~~manufacturing employers in ~~Miami~~Shelby County include ~~Upper~~Honda ~~Valley~~of ~~Medical Center, Clopay Building Products, F&P~~ America, ~~UTC Aerospace Systems~~Manufacturing, ~~Meijer Distribution Center~~Airstream, ~~ConAgra Foods, American Honda,~~ and ~~Hobart~~Plastipak ~~Brothers~~Packaging. The unemployment rate in ~~Miami~~Shelby County was 43.06% in December ~~2024~~2025 compared to 24.80% in December ~~2023~~2024.

~~Columbus,~~Miami County is located in west central Ohio and is part of the Dayton metropolitan area. Miami County had an estimated population in 2025 of 112,000 ~~where~~with wea ~~operate~~median ~~our~~household ~~loan~~income ~~production~~of ~~office~~approximately $84,800. Within Miami County, we have offices in Troy, which is the ~~state~~county ~~capital~~seat of and most populous city, inand ~~Ohio~~Piqua. ~~Columbus~~Troy ~~ranked~~is aslocated ~~the~~19 ~~15th~~miles ~~most~~north ~~populous~~of ~~city~~Dayton, inwhile ~~the~~Piqua ~~United~~is ~~States~~located ~~with~~27 miles north of Dayton. Troy had an estimated population in ~~2024~~2025 of ~~906~~26,~~500~~800 ~~and~~with a median household income of approximately $6568,~~300.~~800, ~~Columbus~~while isPiqua ~~the~~had ~~county~~a ~~seat~~population of ~~Franklin~~20,600 ~~County~~with a median household income of approximately $67,800. ~~which~~The ~~along~~health ~~with~~care ~~nine~~and ~~other~~social ~~counties~~services ~~comprises~~industry is the ~~Columbus~~leading ~~metropolitan~~industry ~~area~~employment sector in Miami County, followed by manufacturing as well as retail trade. The ~~city~~largest ~~has~~employers ain ~~diverse~~Miami ~~economy~~County ~~based~~include onUpper ~~education,~~Valley ~~government,~~Medical ~~insurance~~Center, ~~banking,~~Clopay ~~defense,~~Building ~~aviation~~Products, ~~food,~~F&P ~~clothing~~America, ~~logistics,~~UTC ~~steel,~~Aerospace ~~energy~~Systems, ~~medical~~Meijer ~~research~~Distribution Center, ~~health~~ConAgra ~~care~~Foods, ~~hospitality,~~American ~~retail~~Honda, and ~~technology~~Hobart Brothers. ~~Columbus~~The isunemployment ~~home~~rate toin ~~The~~Miami ~~Ohio~~County ~~State~~was ~~University,~~3.7% ~~one~~in ofDecember ~~the~~2025 ~~largest~~compared ~~universities~~to 4.0% in ~~the~~December ~~nation~~2024.

~~The~~ Columbus, ~~metropolitan~~Ohio, ~~area~~where ~~had~~we anoperate ~~estimated~~one ~~population~~office, ofis ~~2.2~~the ~~million~~state capital of and most populous city in Ohio. Columbus ranked as the ~~32nd~~15th most populous ~~metropolitan~~city ~~area~~ in the United States ~~and~~with ~~the~~an ~~second~~estimated ~~most~~population ~~populous~~in ~~metropolitan~~2025 ~~area~~of in931,600 ~~Ohio~~and a median household income of approximately $67,100. ~~just~~Columbus ~~behind~~is the ~~Cincinnati~~county ~~metropolitan~~seat ~~area~~of ~~and~~Franklin ~~slightly~~County, ~~ahead~~which ofalong with nine other counties comprises the ~~Cleveland~~Columbus metropolitan area. The ~~unemployment~~city ~~rate~~has ina ~~December~~diverse ~~2024~~economy ~~was~~based ~~3.9%~~on ~~for~~education, ~~the~~government, ~~entire~~insurance, ~~Columbus~~banking, ~~metropolitan~~defense, ~~area~~aviation, ~~and~~food, ~~4.0%~~clothing, ~~for~~logistics, ~~Franklin~~steel, ~~County~~energy, ~~compared~~medical toresearch, ~~2.7%~~health ~~for~~care, ~~the~~hospitality, ~~entire~~retail, and technology. Columbus ~~metropolitan~~is ~~area~~home ~~and~~to ~~2.7%~~The ~~for~~Ohio ~~Franklin~~State ~~County~~University, one of the largest universities in ~~December~~the ~~2023~~nation.

The Columbus metropolitan area had an estimated population of 2.2 million and ranked as the 32nd most populous metropolitan area in the United States and the second most populous metropolitan area in Ohio, just behind the Cincinnati metropolitan area and slightly ahead of the Cleveland metropolitan area. The unemployment rate in December 2025 was 3.6% for both the entire Columbus metropolitan area and Franklin County, compared to 3.9% for the entire Columbus metropolitan area and 4.0% for Franklin County in December 2024.

Lending Activities

We offer a full range of lending products, including multi-family and commercial real estate loans (including owner and nonowner-occupied real estate loans), commercial and industrial loans (including equipment loans and working capital lines of credit), construction and development loans, residential real estate loans, including home equity loans and lines of credit, and consumer loans. We also engage in lease financing, which consists of direct financing leases and is used by our commercial customers to finance purchases of equipment. We offer consumer loans, predominantly as an accommodation to our customers, secured by personal assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Lending activities originate from the relationships and efforts of our bankers.

Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. Pursuant to Indiana law, the aggregate amount of loans that First Bank Richmond is permitted to make to any one borrower, or a group of related borrowers, is generally limited to 15% of First Bank Richmond’s unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be loaned, up to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, which generally does not include real estate. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, based on the 15% limitation, First Bank Richmond’s loans-to-one-borrower limit was approximately $2728.20 million. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, First Bank Richmond was in compliance with the loans-to-one-borrower limitations. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our largest lending relationship with one borrower was for $2223.85 million consisting of four commercial real estate loans secured by properties in the Dayton, Ohio area. ~~All~~This ofloan ~~these~~relationship ~~loans~~was ~~were~~ performing in accordance with ~~their~~its repayment terms at December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Our lending is subject to written underwriting standards and origination procedures set forth in First Bank Richmond’s loan policy. Decisions on loan applications are made on the basis of detailed information submitted by the prospective borrower, credit histories that we obtain, and property valuations (consistent with our appraisal policy) prepared by outside independent licensed appraisers approved by our board of directors as well as internal evaluations, where permitted by regulations. The loan information is primarily designed to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and the more significant items are verified through use of credit reports, bank statements and tax returns. Loans containing a policy exception have the exception noted in the credit file accompanied by a statement as to the reason for granting the exception. Exceptions must be approved in accordance with First Bank Richmond’s loan policy. All loan approval amounts are based on the aggregate debt, including total commitments outstanding and the proposed loan to the individual borrower and any related entity.

First Bank Richmond’s board of directors has the responsibility for approving, on an annual basis, specific lending authority for individual officers, combinations of officers, or loan committees.

Loan Maturity and Repricing. The following tables set forth certain information at December 31, 2025 regarding the dollar amount of loans maturing in our portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity, but does not include scheduled payments or potential prepayments. Loans with scheduled maturities are reported in the maturity category in which the loan is due. Loans that have adjustable rates are shown as amortizing to final maturity rather than when the interest rates are next subject to change. Loan balances do not include undisbursed loan proceeds, unearned discounts, unearned income and allowance for credit losses on loans and leases.

Loan Maturity and Repricing. The following tables set forth certain information at December 31, 2024 regarding the dollar amount of loans maturing in our portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity, but does not include scheduled payments or potential prepayments. Loans with scheduled maturities are reported in the maturity category in which the loan is due. Loans that have adjustable rates are shown as amortizing to final maturity rather than when the interest rates are next subject to change. Loan balances do not include undisbursed loan proceeds, unearned discounts, unearned income and allowance for credit losses on loans and leases.


	Due in 1 Year or Less		Weighted Average Yield		Due After 1 Year Through 5 Years		Weighted Average Yield		Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years		Weighted Average Yield		Due After 15 Years		Weighted Average Yield		Total Loans and Leases		Weighted Average Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial mortgage	$	8,534	5.7	%	$	110,385	6.0	%	$	170,947	6.0	%	$	124,450	5.9	%	$	414,316	6.0	%
Commercial and industrial	56,160		6.2		35,521		7.0		42,368		6.9		8,459		5.5		142,508		6.5
Construction and development	30,363		7.2		20,894		6.6		13,021		6.5		7,427		6.8		71,705		6.9
Multi-family	40,325		5.2		51,034		6.6		68,379		4.8		49,156		6.2		208,894		5.7
Residential mortgage	1,877		6.9		14,931		6.4		45,604		5.7		108,651		5.3		171,063		5.5
Home equity lines of credit	669		5.5		6,584		7.2		12,894		6.8		—		—		20,147		6.9
Leases	8,193		7.6		133,714		9.9		3,899		9.7		—		—		145,806		9.7
Consumer	489		5.5		10,751		6.9		7,185		6.8		855		7.3		19,280		6.9

Total loans and leases	$	146,610			$	383,814			$	364,297			$	298,998			$	1,193,719

Due in 1 Year or Less

Weighted Average Yield

Due After 1 Year Through 5 Years

Weighted Average Yield

Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years

Weighted Average Yield

Due After 15 Years

Weighted Average Yield

Total Loans and Leases

Weighted Average Yield

Amount due after one year at fixed interest rates:

Amount due after one year at variable interest rates:

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial mortgage

3866,~~407~~101

~~7.0~~$

339,681

~~62,010~~

~~5.1~~

~~154,783~~

~~5.2~~

~~116,505~~

~~5.4~~

~~371,705~~

~~5.5~~

Commercial and industrial

4731,~~992~~026

~~7.5~~55,322

~~31,609~~

~~6.8~~

~~38,654~~

~~6.7~~

~~8,112~~

~~4.9~~

~~126,367~~

~~6.9~~

Construction and development

512,~~649~~969

~~7.2~~38,373

~~34,971~~

~~6.8~~

~~42,412~~

~~7.3~~

~~3,538~~

~~6.7~~

~~132,570~~

~~7.1~~

Multi-family

397,~~768~~292

~~6.8~~161,277

~~28,598~~

~~5.3~~

~~72,921~~

~~4.7~~

~~44,577~~

~~5.7~~

~~185,864~~

~~5.5~~

Residential mortgage

7,491

7.7

6,896

6.0

43,516

5.4

114,741

5.1

172,644

5.3

Residential

86,764

82,422

Home equity lines of credit

~~516~~5,484

~~6.8~~13,994

~~4,188~~

~~7.2~~

~~12,122~~

~~7.6~~

—

~~16,826~~

~~7.5~~

Leases

6137,~~179~~613

~~7.2~~—

~~139,572~~

~~9.5~~

~~2,351~~

~~10.5~~

—

~~148,102~~

~~9.4~~

Consumer

~~561~~18,669

~~5.1~~122

~~13,300~~

~~6.3~~

~~6,620~~

~~6.6~~

~~737~~

~~7.2~~

~~21,218~~

~~6.4~~

Total loans and leases

~~192~~355,~~563~~918

691,191

~~321,144~~

~~373,379~~

~~288,210~~

~~1,175,296~~

	Amount due after one year at fixed interest rates:		Amount due after one year at variable interest rates:
	(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial mortgage	$	44,889	$	288,409
Commercial and industrial	37,602		40,773
Construction and development	16,416		64,505
Multi-family	9,158		136,938
Residential	82,098		83,055
Home equity lines of credit	4,025		12,285
Leases	141,923		—
Consumer	20,657		—
Total loans and leases	$	356,768	$	625,965

Residential Mortgage Lending. We make one- to four-family residential real estate loans and home equity loans and lines of credit secured by the borrower’s primary residence. In addition, we may periodically purchase residential loans, which we refer to as brokered mortgages, primarily during periods of reduced loan demand in our primary market areas and at times to support our Community Reinvestment Act lending activities, although we have not purchased any brokered mortgage loans in the last nine years. Any such purchases are made generally consistent with our underwriting standards for residential mortgage loans. At December 31, 2025, $191.2 million, or 16.0%, of our total loan and lease portfolio was secured by residential real estate, consisting of $162.5 million of one- to four-family residential real estate loans, $8.6 million of home equity loans, and $20.1 million of home equity lines of credit.

~~Residential~~We ~~Mortgage~~originate ~~Lending.~~both Wefixed-rate ~~make~~and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans. ~~and~~At ~~home~~December ~~equity~~31, ~~loans~~2025, ~~and~~51.3% ~~lines~~ of ~~credit~~our ~~secured~~one- byto ~~the~~four-family ~~borrower’s~~residential ~~primary~~real ~~residence.~~estate Inloans ~~addition,~~were wefixed-rate ~~may~~loans ~~periodically~~and ~~purchase~~48.7% ~~residential~~of such loans, ~~which~~were weadjustable-rate ~~refer~~loans. Most toof asour ~~brokered~~loans ~~mortgages,~~are ~~primarily~~underwritten ~~during~~using ~~periods~~generally-accepted ofsecondary ~~reduced~~market ~~loan~~underwriting ~~demand~~guidelines. inWe ~~our~~typically ~~primary~~sell ~~market~~most ~~areas~~of ~~and~~the atconforming, ~~times~~fixed-rate one- to ~~support~~four-family ~~our~~loans ~~Community~~we ~~Reinvestment~~originate ~~Act~~into ~~lending~~the ~~activities,~~secondary ~~although~~market weto ~~have~~Fannie ~~not~~Mae ~~purchased~~and, ~~any~~to ~~brokered~~a ~~mortgage~~lesser ~~loans~~extent, in the ~~last~~FHLB ~~nine~~of ~~years~~Indianapolis. ~~Any~~Loans ~~such~~that ~~purchases~~ are ~~made~~sold ~~generally~~into ~~consistent~~the ~~with~~secondary ~~our~~market ~~underwriting~~to ~~standards~~Fannie ~~for~~Mae ~~residential~~or ~~mortgage~~the ~~loans.~~FHLB Atof ~~December~~Indianapolis ~~31,~~are ~~2024,~~sold ~~$189.5~~with ~~million,~~the orservicing ~~16.1%,~~retained ofto ~~our~~maintain ~~total~~the ~~loan~~client relationship and ~~lease~~to ~~portfolio~~generate ~~was~~non-interest ~~secured~~income. byThe ~~residential~~sale ~~real~~of ~~estate,~~mortgage ~~consisting~~loans ofprovides ~~$164.2~~a ~~million~~source of ~~one~~non-interest toincome ~~four-family~~through ~~residential~~the ~~real~~gain ~~estate~~on ~~loans~~sale, ~~$8.3~~reduces ~~million~~our ofinterest ~~home~~rate ~~equity loans, and $16.8 million of home equity lines of credit.~~

We originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans. At December 31, 2024, 51.7% of our one- to four-family residential real estate loans were fixed-rate loans and 48.3% of such loans were adjustable-rate loans. Most of our loans are underwritten using generally-accepted secondary market underwriting guidelines. We typically sell most of the conforming, fixed-rate one- to four-family loans we originate into the secondary market to Fannie Mae and, to a lesser extent, the FHLB of Indianapolis. Loans that are sold into the secondary market to Fannie Mae or the FHLB of Indianapolis are sold with the servicing retained to maintain the client relationship and to generate non-interest income. The sale of mortgage loans provides a source of non-interest income through the gain on sale, reduces our interest rate risk, provides a stream of servicing income, enhances liquidity and enables us to originate more loans at our current capital level than if we held the loans in our loan portfolio. During the year ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we originated $3835.1 million one- to four-family fixed-rate mortgage loans and $1110.97 million one- to four-family adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans, and sold $2517.28 million of these loans without recourse to Fannie Mae and the FHLB of Indianapolis. See “- Originations, Sales and Purchases of Loans.”

Substantially all the one- to four-family residential mortgage loans we retain in our portfolio consist of fixed-rate loans that do not satisfy acreage limits, income, credit, conforming loan limits (i.e., jumbo mortgages) or various other requirements imposed by Fannie Mae or are adjustable-rate loans. Some of these loans are also originated to meet the needs of borrowers who cannot otherwise satisfy Fannie Mae credit requirements because of personal and financial reasons (i.e., bankruptcy, length of time employed, etc.), and other aspects which do not conform to Fannie Mae’s guidelines. Such borrowers may have higher debt-to-income ratios, or the loans are secured by unique properties in rural markets for which there are no sales of comparable properties to support the value according to secondary market requirements. We may require additional collateral or lower loan-to-value ratios to reduce the risk of these loans. We believe that these loans satisfy the needs of borrowers in our market area. As a result, subject to market conditions, we intend to continue to originate these types of loans. We also retain jumbo loans which exceed the conforming loan limits and therefore are not eligible to be purchased by Fannie Mae. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, $4845.73 million or 2523.7% of our one- to four-family loan portfolio consisted of jumbo loans.

We generally underwrite our one- to four-family loans based on the applicant’s employment and credit history and the appraised value of the subject property. We generally lend up to 89% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price for one- to four-family first mortgage loans and non-owner occupied first mortgage loans. For first mortgage loans with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 89%, we may require private mortgage insurance or other credit enhancement to help mitigate the risk. Fixed-rate loans secured by one- to four-family residences may have contractual maturities of up to 30 years. All of these loans are fully amortizing, with payments due monthly. Properties securing our one- to four-family loans are typically appraised by independent fee appraisers who are selected in accordance with criteria approved by the Loan Committee. For loans that are less than $250,000, we may use an automated valuation model, in lieu of an appraisal. We require title insurance policies on all first mortgage real estate loans originated over $100,000. Homeowners, liability, fire and, if required, flood insurance policies are also required for one-to four-family loans. Our real estate loans generally contain a “due on sale” clause allowing us to declare the unpaid principal balance due and payable upon the sale of the security property.

ARM loans are offered with annual adjustments and life-time rate caps that vary based on the product, generally with a maximum annual rate change of 2.0% and a maximum overall rate change of 6.0%. We generally use the rate on one-year Treasury Bills to re-price our ARM loans. As a consequence of using caps, the interest rates on ARM loans may not be as rate sensitive as our cost of funds. Furthermore, because loan indexes may not respond perfectly to changes in market interest rates, upward adjustments on loans may occur more slowly than increases in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, especially during periods of rapidly increasing interest rates. Because of these characteristics, future yields on ARM loans may not be sufficient to offset increases in our cost of funds.

ARM loans generally pose different credit risks than fixed-rate loans, primarily because as interest rates rise, the borrower’s payment increases, which increases the potential for default. We continue to offer our fully amortizing ARM loans with a fixed interest rate for the first one, three, five or seven years, followed by a periodic adjustable interest rate for the remaining term.

The average balance of our one- to four-family residential loans secured by first mortgages was approximately $~~144~~148,000 at December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

We originate fixed-rate home equity loans and fixed- and variable-rate lines of credit secured either by a first or second lien on the borrower’s primary residence. Our home equity loans are fixed rate fully amortizing loans with terms of up to 15 years and are generally originated in amounts, together with the amount of the existing first mortgage, of up to 89% of the appraised value of the subject property. Home equity loans originated with a loan to value ratio in excess of 80% are subject to a higher origination fee and higher interest rate than home equity loans with loan to value ratios of 80% or less. If the home equity loan is for home improvements, the improvements to be made to the property may be considered when calculating the loan to value ratio. If the loan to value ratio on the property is sufficient, regardless of the improvements to be made, the proceeds may be disbursed directly to the borrower. When the appraised value is dependent on the improvements to meet the loan to value requirement, the proceeds are held by us until we receive reasonable assurance that the improvements have been completed. The loan officers, at their discretion, may use a limited appraisal or a recertification of value on these types of loans. At December 31, 2025, home equity loans totaled $8.6 million, or 0.7% of our total loan and lease portfolio.

~~loan~~Home toequity ~~value~~lines ~~ratio.~~of Ifcredit ~~the~~may ~~loan~~be toeither ~~value~~fixed- ~~ratio~~or onadjustable-rate ~~the~~and ~~property~~are istypically ~~sufficient~~originated in amounts, ~~regardless~~together ofwith the ~~improvements~~amount toof bethe ~~made~~existing first mortgage, ~~the~~of ~~proceeds~~up ~~may~~to be89% ~~disbursed~~of ~~directly~~the toappraised value of the ~~borrower~~subject property. ~~When~~Home ~~the~~equity ~~appraised~~lines of credit originated with a loan to value isratio ~~dependent~~in onexcess ~~the~~of ~~improvements~~80% are subject to ~~meet~~a ~~the~~higher interest rate than home equity lines of credit with loan to value ~~requirement,~~ratios ~~the~~of ~~proceeds~~80% ~~are~~or ~~held~~less. byHome usequity ~~until~~lines weof ~~receive~~credit ~~reasonable~~with ~~assurance~~an ~~that~~adjustable rate of interest adjust quarterly and are based on the ~~improvements~~Wall ~~have~~Street ~~been~~Journal ~~completed~~Prime rate, plus a margin. ~~The~~Our ~~loan~~fixed ~~officers,~~rate atlines ~~their~~have ~~discretion~~a five-year draw period and our adjustable-rate lines have a 10-year draw period, during which time the funds may ~~use~~be apaid ~~limited~~down ~~appraisal~~and redrawn up to the committed amount. Once the draw period has lapsed, the borrower either pays off the loan balance, or a ~~recertification~~new ofloan ~~value~~is negotiated. We charge an annual fee on ~~these~~each ~~types~~home equity line of ~~loans~~credit and require a monthly payment of 0.9% of the outstanding balance drawn during the period, plus interest. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, home equity ~~loans~~lines of credit totaled $820.31 million, or 01.7% of our total loan and lease portfolio, with adjustable-rate home equity lines of credit totaling $14.2 million and fixed rate home equity lines making up the remaining balance. At December 31, 2025, unfunded commitments on home equity lines of credit totaled $20.9 million.

~~Home~~We ~~equity~~do ~~lines~~not ofengage ~~credit~~in ~~may~~originating beinterest ~~either~~only, ~~fixed-~~negative ~~or adjustable-rate and are typically originated in amounts~~amortization, ~~together~~option ~~with~~adjustable ~~the~~rate ~~amount~~or ofsubprime ~~the~~loans ~~existing~~and ~~first~~have ~~mortgage,~~no ofestablished upprogram to ~~89%~~originate ofor ~~the~~purchase ~~appraised~~these ~~value of the subject property~~loans. ~~Home~~Subprime ~~equity~~loans ~~lines~~are ofdefined ~~credit~~as ~~originated~~loans ~~with~~that aat ~~loan~~the totime ~~value ratio in excess~~ of ~~80%~~loan ~~are~~origination ~~subject~~had to a ~~higher~~FICO ~~interest rate than home equity lines of~~ credit ~~with~~score ~~loan to value ratios~~ of ~~80%~~less orthan ~~less~~660. ~~Home~~Of ~~equity lines of credit with an adjustable rate of interest adjust quarterly and are based on~~ the ~~Wall Street Journal Prime rate, plus a margin~~$191.2 ~~Our~~million ~~fixed~~in ~~rate lines have a five~~one-~~year~~ ~~draw~~to ~~period and our adjustable~~four-~~rate~~ ~~lines~~family ~~have a 10-year draw period~~loans, ~~during~~including ~~which~~home ~~time~~equity ~~the~~loans ~~funds may be paid down~~ and ~~redrawn~~lines ~~up to the committed amount. Once the draw period has lapsed, the borrower either pays off the loan balance, or a new loan is negotiated. We charge an annual fee on each home equity line~~ of credit, ~~and~~in ~~require~~our aportfolio ~~monthly~~as ~~payment~~ of ~~0.9% of the outstanding balance drawn during the period, plus interest. At~~ December 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~home equity lines of credit totaled~~ $1611.83 million, or 15.49%, ofwere ~~our~~to ~~total~~borrowers ~~loan and lease portfolio,~~ with ~~adjustable-rate~~a ~~home equity lines of~~ credit ~~totaling~~score ~~$12.7~~under ~~million and fixed rate home equity lines making up the remaining balance~~660. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~unfunded~~delinquent ~~commitments~~subprime onloans ~~home equity lines of credit~~ totaled $192.52 million.

Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate Lending. We dooriginate ~~not~~commercial ~~engage~~real inestate ~~originating~~loans, ~~interest~~including ~~only~~loans secured by multi-family residential properties, ~~negative~~office ~~amortization~~buildings, ~~option~~hotels, ~~adjustable~~industrial ~~rate~~properties, orretail ~~subprime~~buildings, ~~loans~~medical and ~~have~~professional nobuildings, ~~established~~restaurants ~~program~~and tovarious ~~originate~~other orcommercial ~~purchase~~properties ~~these~~located ~~loans.~~principally ~~Subprime~~in ~~loans~~our ~~are~~primary ~~defined~~market asarea. ~~loans~~As ~~that~~of atDecember ~~the~~31, ~~time~~2025, $623.2 million or 52.2% of our total loan ~~origination~~and ~~had~~lease aportfolio ~~FICO~~was ~~credit~~secured ~~score~~by ofcommercial ~~less~~and ~~than~~multi-family ~~660.~~real Ofestate, ~~the~~of which $~~189~~207.53 million, or 17.4% of our total loan and lease portfolio, was secured by property located in ~~one-~~the toColumbus, ~~four-~~Ohio market. Multi-family loans, ~~including~~totaled ~~home~~$208.9 ~~equity~~million ~~loans~~of the $623.2 million commercial and ~~lines~~multi-family ofreal ~~credit~~estate loan portfolio, inor 17.5% of our ~~portfolio~~total asloan ofand lease portfolio, at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. Of the remaining $414.3 million of this portfolio, approximately $12273.14 million was secured by income producing, or 6non-owner-occupied commercial real estate.4% We also purchase and participate, ~~were~~from time to ~~borrowers~~time, ~~with~~in amulti-family ~~credit~~and ~~score~~commercial ~~under~~real ~~660~~estate loans from other financial institutions, which amounts are included in our multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolios. Such loans are independently underwritten according to our policies. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~delinquent~~our ~~subprime~~purchased ~~loans~~multi-family and commercial real estate loan participations totaled $174.23 million, or 11.9% of our total multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolios, of which $25.9 million involve loans secured by collateral outside of our primary market area.

Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate Lending. We originate commercial real estate loans, including loans secured by multi-family residential properties, office buildings, hotels, industrial properties, retail buildings, medical and professional buildings, restaurants and various other commercial properties located principally in our primary market area. As of December 31, 2024, $557.6 million or 47.4% of our total loan and lease portfolio was secured by commercial and multi-family real estate, of which $175.2 million, or 14.9% of our total loan and lease portfolio, was secured by property located in the Columbus, Ohio market. Multi-family loans totaled $185.9 million of the $557.6 million commercial and multi-family real estate loan portfolio, or 15.8% of our total loan and lease portfolio, at December 31, 2024. Of the remaining $371.7 million of this portfolio, approximately $252.1 million was secured by income producing, or non-owner-occupied commercial real estate. We also purchase and participate, from time to time, in multi-family and commercial real estate loans from other financial institutions, which amounts are included in our multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolios. Such loans are independently underwritten according to our policies. At December 31, 2024, our purchased multi-family and commercial real estate loan participations totaled $64.6 million, or 11.6% of our total multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolios, of which $16.1 million involve loans secured by collateral outside of our primary market area.

Multi-family and commercial real estate loans generally are priced at a higher rate of interest than one- to four-family residential loans. Typically, these loans have higher loan balances, are more difficult to evaluate and monitor, and involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential loans. Often payments on loans secured by commercial or multi-family properties are dependent on the successful operation and management of the property; therefore, repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. We generally require and obtain loan guarantees from financially capable parties based upon the review of personal financial statements. If the borrower is a corporation, we generally require and obtain personal guarantees from the corporate principals based upon a review of their personal financial statements and individual credit reports. In addition, the borrower’s and guarantor’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statements.

Our commercial and multi-family real estate loans generally have initial terms of 10 to 20 years and amortization terms of up to 25 years, with a balloon payment at the end of the initial term and may be fixed-rate or adjustable-rate loans. Our adjustable-rate multi-family and commercial real estate loans are generally tied to a margin above the prime rate or the applicable treasury rate. The maximum loan-to-value ratio of our multi-family and commercial real estate loans is generally 80% of the lower of cost or appraised value of the property securing the loan. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, 1816.19% of our multi-family and commercial real estate loans were fixed-rate loans and 8183.91% were adjustable-rate loans.

We consider a number of factors in originating multi-family and commercial real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including project-level and global cash flows, credit history and management expertise, as well as the value and condition of the property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service). We generally require a debt service ratio of at least 1.10x. All multi-family and commercial real estate loans in excess of $500,000 are appraised by outside independent appraisers. We require property and casualty insurance and also require flood insurance if the property is determined to be in a flood zone area.

property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service). We generally require a debt service ratio of at least 1.10x. All multi-family and commercial real estate loans in excess of $500,000 are appraised by outside independent appraisers. We require property and casualty insurance and also require flood insurance if the property is determined to be in a flood zone area.

In addition, we generally require a Phase I Environmental Audit as a condition of making multi-family and commercial real estate loans in excess of $1.0 million, which audit is performed by a qualified environmental consulting firm. The Phase I Environmental Audit includes appropriate inquiry into previous ownership and uses of the real estate to satisfactorily comply with the “Innocent Landowner Defense Amendment” to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). The results and recommendations of the audit must be acceptable to us prior to loan closing. For loans less than $1.0 million but greater than $150,000, a full Phase I Environmental Audit is not required, although an environmental investigation is typically performed by qualified bank personnel or a third party to determine if a full Phase I Environmental Audit should be done.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the average loan size of our outstanding multi-family and commercial real estate loans was $1.3 million, and the largest of such loans was a $13.76 million loan secured by a 210,000 square-foot industrial facility located in a Columbus, Ohio suburb. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. We had 5660 other commercial and multi-family real estate loans each with an outstanding balance in excess of $3.0 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025, all of which were performing in accordance with their repayment terms at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. Our largest lending relationship ~~with one borrower~~ at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 was with one borrower for $2223.85 million consisting of four commercial real estate loans secured by properties in the Dayton, Ohio area. All of these loans were performing in accordance with their repayment terms at December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Multi-family and commercial real estate loans entail greater credit risks compared to one- to four-family residential real estate loans because they typically involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. In addition, the repayment of loans secured by income-producing properties typically depends on the successful operation of the property, as repayment of the loan generally is dependent, in large part, on sufficient income from the property to cover operating expenses and debt service. Changes in economic conditions that are not in the control of the borrower or lender could affect the value of the collateral for the loan or the future cash flow of the property. Additionally, any decline in real estate values may be more pronounced for multi-family and commercial real estate than residential properties. If we foreclose on a commercial or multi-family real estate loan, the marketing and liquidation period to convert the real estate asset to cash can be a lengthy process with substantial holding costs. In addition, vacancies, deferred maintenance, repairs and market stigma can result in prospective buyers expecting sale price concessions to offset their real or perceived economic losses for the time it takes them to return the property to profitability. Depending on the individual circumstances, initial charge-offs and subsequent losses on multi-family and commercial real estate loans can be unpredictable and substantial.

The composition of, and location of the underlying collateral securing, our multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolio at December 31, 2025 was as follows:


Type of Security	Indiana		Ohio		Other		Total		% of Total in Category
	(Dollars in thousands)

Office buildings	$	24,769	$	51,327	$	49	$	76,145	12.2	%
Multi-family/Apartment buildings	85,462		123,280		152		208,894		33.5
Hotels	32,547		107,676				140,223		22.5
Industrial buildings	41,017		26,845		1,566		69,428		11.1
Retail	20,952		18,671		—		39,623		6.4
Medical	6,329		8,344		—		14,673		2.4
Automotive	7,999		10,539		—		18,538		3.0
Restaurants	7,672		3,324		—		10,996		1.8
Campgrounds/Golf Courses/Leisure Activities	7,349		6,168		—		13,517		2.2
Agricultural	3,807		4,104		540		8,451		1.4
Other	6,522		14,239		1,961		22,722		3.7
Total(1)	$	244,425	$	374,517	$	4,268	$	623,210	100.0	%

(1) Ohio total includes $207.3 million of commercial and multi-family loans secured by property located in the Columbus, Ohio market.

~~The~~Commercial ~~composition~~and Industrial Lending. We make secured and unsecured commercial and industrial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, acquisition, expansion and ~~location~~development loans, letters of credit and other loan products, principally in our primary market area. These loans are made based primarily on historical and projected cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral ~~securing~~provided by the borrower. We take as collateral a lien on general business assets including, ~~our~~among ~~multi-family~~other ~~and~~things, ~~commercial~~available real estate, ~~loan~~accounts ~~portfolio~~receivable, atinventory and equipment and generally obtain a personal guaranty of the borrower or principal. Our operating lines of credit typically are limited to a percentage of the value of the assets securing the line. Lines of credit and term loans typically are reviewed annually. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, ~~was~~we ashad ~~follows:~~$142.5 million of commercial and industrial loans, representing 11.9% of our total loan and lease portfolio, including $7.6 million of unsecured commercial and industrial loans.

Type of Security	Indiana		Ohio		Other		Total		% of Totalin Category
	(Dollars in thousands)
Office buildings	$	18,348	$	51,490	$	54	$	69,892	12.5	%
Multi-family/Apartment buildings	76,183		109,486		195		185,864		33.3
Hotels	37,214		77,636		—		114,850		20.6
Industrial buildings	51,640		24,592		1,886		78,118		14.0
Retail	17,559		16,940		—		34,499		6.2
Medical	5,215		8,671		—		13,886		2.5
Automotive	8,489		293		—		8,782		1.6
Restaurants	8,145		4,184		—		12,329		2.2
Campgrounds/Golf Courses/Leisure Activities	7,909		1,601		—		9,510		1.7
Agricultural	2,932		3,613		1,110		7,655		1.4
Other	5,783		14,322		2,080		22,185		4.0
Total(1)	$	239,417	$	312,828	$	5,325	$	557,570	100.0	%

(1) Ohio total includes $175.2 million of commercial and multi-family loans secured by property located in the Columbus, Ohio market.

Commercial and Industrial Lending. We make secured and unsecured commercial and industrial loans, including commercial lines of credit, working capital loans, term loans, equipment financing, acquisition, expansion and development loans, letters of credit and other loan products, principally in our primary market area. These loans are made based primarily on historical and projected cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. We take as collateral a lien on general business assets including, among other things, available real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment and generally obtain a personal guaranty of the borrower or principal. Our operating lines of credit typically are limited to a percentage of the value of the assets securing the line. Lines of credit and term loans typically are reviewed annually. As of December 31, 2024, we had $126.4 million of commercial and industrial loans, representing 10.8% of our total loan and lease portfolio, including $7.2 million of unsecured commercial and industrial loans.

The terms of our commercial and industrial loans vary by purpose and by type of underlying collateral. We typically make equipment loans for a term of five years or less at fixed or adjustable rates, with the loan fully amortized over the term. Terms greater than five years may be appropriate in some circumstances, based upon the useful life of the underlying asset being financed or if some form of credit enhancement, such as an SBA guarantee, is obtained. Loans to support working capital typically have terms not exceeding one year and are usually secured by accounts receivable, inventory and personal guarantees of the principals of the business. The interest rates charged on loans vary with the degree of risk and loan amount and are further subject to competitive pressures, money market rates, the availability of funds and government regulations. For loans secured by accounts receivable and inventory, principal is typically repaid as the assets securing the loan are converted into cash (monitored on a monthly or more frequent basis as determined necessary in the underwriting process), and for loans secured with other types of collateral, principal is typically due at maturity.

In general, commercial and industrial loans may involve increased credit risk and, therefore, typically yield a higher return. The increased risk in commercial and industrial loans derives from the expectation that such loans generally are serviced principally from the operations of the business, and those operations may not be successful. Any interruption or discontinuance of operating cash flows from the business, which may be influenced by events not under the control of the borrower such as economic events and changes in governmental regulations, could materially affect the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. In addition, the collateral securing commercial and industrial loans generally includes moveable property such as equipment and inventory, which may decline in value more rapidly than we anticipate, exposing us to increased credit risk. As a result of these additional complexities, variables and risks, commercial and industrial loans require extensive underwriting and servicing.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the average loan size of our outstanding commercial and industrial loans was $~~246~~270,000. Our largest outstanding commercial and industrial loan at that date was a working capital line of credit totaling $68.40 million, which was secured by all of the assets of the business and performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, 2025. We had 27 other commercial and industrial loans with an outstanding balance in excess of $1.0 million at December 31, 2025, all of which were performing in accordance with their repayment terms at that date.

9Construction and Development Lending. We originate loans to finance the construction of commercial real estate projects, such as multi-family housing, industrial, office and retail centers. We also originate residential construction loans to borrowers and builders secured by single-family residences. On a much smaller scale, we may originate loans for the acquisition and development of residential or commercial land into buildable lots. At December 31, 2025, our construction and development loan portfolio totaled $71.7 million, or 6.0% of our total loan and lease portfolio, consisting of $65.2 million in commercial construction loans and $6.5 million in residential construction loans. At December 31, 2025, we had unfunded construction loan commitments totaling $22.5 million and $3.8 million in commercial and residential construction loans, respectively. We also purchase and participate, from time to time, in construction loans from other financial institutions, which amounts are included in our construction and development loan portfolio. Such loans are independently underwritten according to our policies. At December 31, 2025, we did not have any purchased construction and development loan participations.

was secured by all of the assets of the business and performing in accordance with its repayment terms at December 31, 2024. We had 25 other commercial and industrial loans with an outstanding balance in excess of $1.0 million at December 31, 2024, all of which were performing in accordance with their repayment terms at that date.

Construction and Development Lending. We originate loans to finance the construction of commercial real estate projects, such as multi-family housing, industrial, office and retail centers. We also originate residential construction loans to borrowers and builders secured by single-family residences. On a much smaller scale, we may originate loans for the acquisition and development of residential or commercial land into buildable lots. At December 31, 2024, our construction and development loan portfolio totaled $132.6 million, or 11.3% of our total loan and lease portfolio, consisting of $126.2 million in commercial construction loans and $6.3 million in residential construction loans. At December 31, 2024, we had unfunded construction loan commitments totaling $50.8 million and $1.4 million in commercial and residential construction loans, respectively. We also purchase and participate, from time to time, in construction loans from other financial institutions, which amounts are included in our construction and development loan portfolio. Such loans are independently underwritten according to our policies. At December 31, 2024, our purchased construction and development loan participations totaled $28.7 million, or 21.6% of our total construction and development loan portfolio, of which $5.5 million involved loans secured by collateral outside of our primary market area.

Our commercial construction loans are typically made to builders/developers that have an established record of successful project completion and loan repayment. We conduct periodic inspections, either directly or through an agent, prior to approval of periodic draws on these loans based on the percentage of completion. Underwriting guidelines for our commercial construction loans are similar to those described above for our commercial real estate lending. General liability, builder’s risk hazard insurance, title insurance, and flood insurance (as applicable, for properties located or to be built in a designated flood hazard area) are also required on all construction and development loans.

Our commercial construction loans have terms to maturity that typically range from one to two years depending on factors such as the type and size of the development and the financial strength of the borrower/guarantor. Commercial construction loans are typically structured with an interest only period during the construction phase. Commercial construction loans are underwritten to either mature, or transition to a traditional amortizing loan, at the completion of the construction phase. The loan-to-value ratio on our commercial construction loans, as established by independent appraisal, typically will not exceed 80% of the appraised value on a completed basis or the cost of completion, whichever is less. These loans generally include an interest reserve of 1% to 5% of the loan commitment amount. The average outstanding loan size in our commercial construction loan portfolio was approximately $2.4 million at December 31, 2024.

Commercial construction loans on property built for speculative purposes that has not sold in a period of eighteen months after completion will require re-margining at no more than 89% of current appraised value and monthly amortization based on a 25-year payout. At December 31, 2024, $27.6 million, or 20.9~~%, of our total commercial construction loan portfolio consisted of speculative construction loans.~~

Weexceed ~~finance~~80% ~~the construction~~ of ~~pre-sold~~the ~~owner~~appraised ~~occupied,~~value ~~one- to four-family residential properties in our market areas to builders and prospective homeowners. Our residential construction loans are originated primarily~~ on a ~~construction/permanent~~completed basis ~~with~~or ~~such loans converting to an amortizing loan following~~ the ~~completion~~cost of ~~the~~completion, ~~construction~~whichever ~~phase~~is less. ~~Our~~These ~~residential construction~~ loans generally ~~provide~~include ~~for~~an ~~the~~interest ~~payment~~reserve of ~~interest~~1% ~~only~~to ~~during~~5% of the ~~construction~~loan ~~phase,~~commitment ~~which is typically up to nine months~~amount. The average outstanding ~~residential~~loan size in our commercial construction loan ~~balance~~portfolio was approximately $~~289,000~~1.7 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Commercial construction loans on property built for speculative purposes that has not sold in a period of eighteen months after completion will require re-margining at no more than 89% of current appraised value and monthly amortization based on a 25-year payout. At December 31, 2025, $31.1 million, or 43.4%, of our total commercial construction loan portfolio consisted of speculative construction loans.

We finance the construction of pre-sold owner occupied, one- to four-family residential properties in our market areas to builders and prospective homeowners. Our residential construction loans are originated primarily on a construction/permanent basis with such loans converting to an amortizing loan following the completion of the construction phase. Our residential construction loans generally provide for the payment of interest only during the construction phase, which is typically up to nine months. The average outstanding residential construction loan balance was approximately $295,000 at December 31, 2025.

Residential construction loans are made with a maximum loan-to-value ratio of the lower of 80% of the cost or appraised value at completion. Commitments to fund residential construction loans generally are made subject to an appraisal of the property by an independent licensed appraiser. Loan proceeds are disbursed after inspection by a third-party inspector based on the percentage of completion method.

On a more limited basis, we also make land loans to developers, builders and individuals to finance the commercial development of improved lots or unimproved land. In making land loans, we follow underwriting policies and disbursement and monitoring procedures similar to those for commercial construction loans. These land loans also involve additional risks because the loan amount is based on the projected value of the lots after development. We make these loans for up to 65% of the estimated value of raw land and up to 75% of the estimated value of developed land, with a term of up to two years with interest only payments, payable monthly.

Construction loans generally involve greater credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner occupied real estate. In the event a loan is made on property that is not yet approved for the planned development or improvements, there is a risk that necessary approvals will not be granted or will be delayed. Risk of loss on a construction loan also depends upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost is inaccurate, we may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property. Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project is inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan upon the sale of the property. Construction loans also carry the risk that construction will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs. In addition, repayment of these loans can be dependent on the sale or rental of the property to third parties, and the ultimate sale or rental of the property may not occur as anticipated. Other risks may include the fraudulent diversion of construction funds, the filing of mechanics liens by contractors, subcontractors or suppliers, or the contractor’s failure to complete the construction of the project.

risk that necessary approvals will not be granted or will be delayed. Risk of loss on a construction loan also depends upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion of construction compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction and other assumptions. If the estimate of construction cost is inaccurate, we may be required to advance additional funds beyond the amount originally committed in order to protect the value of the property. Moreover, if the estimated value of the completed project is inaccurate, the borrower may hold a property with a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the construction loan upon the sale of the property. Construction loans also carry the risk that construction will not be completed on time in accordance with specifications and projected costs. In addition, repayment of these loans can be dependent on the sale or rental of the property to third parties, and the ultimate sale or rental of the property may not occur as anticipated. Other risks may include the fraudulent diversion of construction funds, the filing of mechanics liens by contractors, subcontractors or suppliers, or the contractor’s failure to complete the construction of the project.

We seek to address the forgoing risks associated with construction and development lending by developing and adhering to underwriting policies, disbursement procedures and monitoring practices. Specifically, we (i) seek to diversify loans in our market areas, (ii) evaluate and document the creditworthiness of the borrower and the viability of the proposed project, (iii) obtain an appraisal of the property by an independent licensed appraiser, (iv) limit loan-to-value ratios to specified levels, (v) control disbursements on construction loans on the basis of on-site inspections by third party inspectors, and (vi) monitor economic conditions in each market. No assurances, however, can be given that these practices will be successful in mitigating the risks of construction and development lending.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our largest construction and land development loan had an outstanding balance of $129.13 million and was secured by ~~all business assets, as well as~~ a first mortgage and assignment of rents and leases on aan ~~proposed~~urban ~~hotel~~development site in ~~the Columbus~~Indianapolis, ~~Ohio area~~Indiana. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, this loan was performing according to its repayment terms. We had 156 other construction and development loans each with an outstanding balance in excess of $3.0 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025, all of which were performing in accordance with their repayment terms at that date except for one $4.9 million loan that is subject to litigation between the developer and other parties.

Lease Financing. We conduct our leasing operations through First Federal Leasing, a division of First Bank Richmond. Our lease financing operation consists of direct financing leases which are used by commercial customers to finance purchases such as medical, computer and manufacturing equipment, audio/visual equipment, industrial assets, construction and transportation equipment, and a wide variety of other commercial equipment. We rely solely on brokers and other third-party originators to generate our lease transactions. The nature of our business requires the use of brokers and third-party originators as it focuses on transactions generally ranging between $2,500 and $250,000 (with an average size of $49,000) with terms of 24 to 72 months, with a weighted average term of 39.0 months as of December 31, 2024. Our risk management profile centers on internally rated “A” quality credits. At December 31, 2024, our direct finance leasing portfolio totaled $148.1 million, or 12.6% of our total loan and lease portfolio, with lease contracts located throughout the United States.

transportation equipment, and a wide variety of other commercial equipment. We rely solely on brokers and other third-party originators to generate our lease transactions. The nature of our business requires the use of brokers and third-party originators as it focuses on transactions generally ranging between $2,500 and $250,000 (with an average size of $51,000) with terms of 24 to 72 months, and a weighted average term of 38.8 months as of December 31, 2025. Our risk management profile centers on internally rated “A” quality credits. At December 31, 2025, our direct finance leasing portfolio totaled $145.8 million, or 12.2% of our total loan and lease portfolio, with lease contracts located throughout the United States.

At lease inception, we record an asset (net investment) representing the aggregate future minimum lease payments and deferred indirect costs less unearned income. Income is recognized over the life of the lease to approximate a level rate of return on the net investment.

To generate deal flow, we actively work with over 100 brokers and third-party originators across the country, some of which are one person shops and others more established companies, with most of the volume coming from fewer than 25 referral sources. We have operated with this model since we commenced leasing operations in 1989 and have developed procedures to minimize fraud and concentration risk. The leases are processed by us through our lease origination software, which allows brokers to populate the fields with customer information and attach credit documentation, streamlining the data collection process. There is no automated approval process. Each lease application is reviewed by a credit administrator and then sent to a credit underwriter for review and approval. We have procedures in place to check and underwrite all the data we receive from the brokers and third-party originators, including ensuring that the potential lessee is operating from the location given and tracking the performance of each vendor.

The credit decisions for these transactions are based upon an assessment of the overall financial capacity of the applicant and generally require that the applicant have a minimum FICO score of 675. A determination is made as to the applicant’s ability to repay in accordance with the proposed terms as well as an overall assessment of the risks involved. In addition to an evaluation of the applicant’s financial condition, a determination is made of the probable adequacy of the primary and secondary sources of repayment, such as personal guarantees, to be relied upon in the transaction. Credit agency reports of the applicant’s credit history supplement the analysis of the applicant’s creditworthiness.

We generally file a UCC-1 financing statement on all of our lease transactions to perfect our interest in the equipment, except in the case of (i) titled equipment, where we would require the title in lieu of the UCC financing statement, (ii) transactions under $5,000 or (iii) for equipment with very little value, such as computer software. Perfection gives us a claim to the collateral that is superior to someone that obtains a lien through the judicial process subsequent to the perfection of a security interest. The failure to perfect a security interest does not render the security interest unenforceable against the borrower. However, failure to perfect a security interest risks avoidance of the security interest in bankruptcy or subordination to the claims of third parties.

11At December 31, 2025, approximately $55.1 million or 37.7% of the aggregate dollar amount of our lease portfolio was secured by property concentrated in four states: California at 16.6%; New York at 8.6%; Florida at 6.7%; and Texas at 5.9%. Our largest leasing relationship at that date was with the State of Arkansas which consisted of more than 3,200 leases totaling approximately $7.0 million in lease receivables, all of which were performing in accordance with the lease terms. Our second largest leasing relationship was with a drilled pile foundation company located in Florida consisting of four contracts totaling approximately $585,000 in lease receivables, all of which were performing in accordance with the lease terms.

~~transactions~~Consumer ~~under~~Lending. ~~$5,000~~We oroffer ~~(iii)~~a ~~for~~variety ~~equipment~~of ~~with~~secured ~~very~~and ~~little~~unsecured ~~value,~~consumer ~~such~~loans asto ~~computer~~individuals ~~software.~~who ~~Perfection~~reside ~~gives~~or uswork ain ~~claim~~our tomarket ~~the~~area, ~~collateral~~including ~~that~~new isand ~~superior~~used toautomobile ~~someone~~loans, ~~that~~motorcycle ~~obtains~~loans, aboat ~~lien~~loans, ~~through~~recreational ~~the~~vehicle ~~judicial~~loans, ~~process~~mobile ~~subsequent~~home toloans ~~the~~and ~~perfection~~loans ofsecured aby ~~security~~certificates ~~interest~~of deposit. ~~The~~ ~~failure~~Most toof ~~perfect~~our aconsumer ~~security~~loans ~~interest~~are ~~does~~made ~~not~~as ~~render~~an ~~the~~accommodation ~~security~~to ~~interest~~our ~~unenforceable~~existing ~~against~~customers. At ~~the~~December ~~borrower.~~31, ~~However~~2025, ~~failure~~our toconsumer ~~perfect~~loan aportfolio ~~security~~totaled ~~interest~~$19.3 ~~risks~~million, ~~avoidance~~or 1.6% of ~~the~~our ~~security~~total ~~interest~~loan inand ~~bankruptcy~~lease orportfolio, ~~subordination~~including to$1.4 ~~the~~million ~~claims~~ of ~~third~~unsecured ~~parties~~consumer loans.

At December 31, 2024, approximately $51.1 million or 34.4% of the aggregate dollar amount of our lease portfolio was secured by property concentrated in four states: California at 14.3%; New York at 7.8%; Florida at 6.2%; and Arkansas at 6.1%. Our largest leasing relationship at that date was with the State of Arkansas which consisted of more than 3,300 leases totaling approximately $9.1 million in lease receivables, all of which were performing in accordance with the lease terms. Our second largest leasing relationship was with a drilled pile foundation company located in Florida consisting of four contracts totaling approximately $938,000 in lease receivables, all of which were performing in accordance with the lease terms.

Consumer Lending. We offer a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loans to individuals who reside or work in our market area, including new and used automobile loans, motorcycle loans, boat loans, recreational vehicle loans, mobile home loans and loans secured by certificates of deposit. Most of our consumer loans are made as an accommodation to our existing customers. At December 31, 2024, our consumer loan portfolio totaled $21.2 million, or 1.8% of our total loan and lease portfolio, including $1.3 million of unsecured consumer loans.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms to maturity, which reduces our exposure to changes in interest rates. In addition, management believes that offering consumer loan products helps to expand and create stronger ties to our existing customer base by increasing the number of customer relationships and providing cross-marketing opportunities.

Originations, Sales and Purchases of Loans

Our loan originations are generated by our loan personnel operating at our office locations. While we originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans, our ability to generate each type of loan depends upon relative borrower demand and the pricing levels as set in the local marketplace by competing banks, thrifts, credit unions, and mortgage banking companies. Our volume of real estate loan originations is influenced significantly by market interest rates, and, accordingly, the volume of our real estate loan originations can vary from period to period. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we originated $133.7 million of fixed rate loans and leases and $103.4 million of adjustable-rate loans, compared to $236.3 million of fixed rate loans and leases and $136.6 million of adjustable-rate loans during the year ended December 31, 2023.

real estate loan originations can vary from period to period. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we originated $144.4 million of fixed rate loans and leases and $163.7 million of adjustable-rate loans, compared to $133.7 million of fixed rate loans and leases and $103.4 million of adjustable-rate loans during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following tables provide information regarding our originations for the periods indicated:

2024

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Fixed Rate

Floating orAdjustable Rate

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Residential mortgage(1)

3835,~~147~~115

1110,~~858~~693

5045,~~005~~808

Home equity lines of credit

24,~~398~~074

129,~~908~~916

1513,~~306~~990

Multi-family and commercial real estate

317,~~758~~084

3676,~~906~~855

4093,~~664~~939

Construction and development

93,~~482~~942

1649,~~537~~091

2653,~~019~~033

Consumer

8,~~224~~041

—274

8,~~224~~315

Commercial and industrial

106,~~067~~671

2516,~~215~~874

3523,~~282~~545

Leases

6169,~~605~~436

—

6169,~~605~~436

Total

~~133~~144,~~681~~363

~~103~~163,~~424~~703

~~237~~308,~~105~~066

(1)Includes $1.8 million of fixed-rate and $359,000 of adjustable-rate loans secured by second mortgages on residential properties.


	Year Ended December 31, 2024
	Fixed Rate		Floating or Adjustable Rate		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage(1)	$	38,147	$	11,858	$	50,005
Home equity lines of credit	2,398		12,908		15,306
Multi-family and commercial real estate	3,758		36,906		40,664
Construction and development	9,482		16,537		26,019
Consumer	8,224		—		8,224
Commercial and industrial	10,067		25,215		35,282
Leases	61,605		—		61,605
Total	$	133,681	$	103,424	$	237,105

(1)Includes $2.4 million of fixed-rate and $470,000 of adjustable-rate loans secured by second mortgages on residential properties.

Total loan and lease originations increased $71.0 million, or 29.9%, to $308.1 million in 2025 from $237.1 million in 2024, driven by higher originations in multi-family and commercial real estate, construction and development loans, and lease activity, partially offset by lower residential mortgage, home equity line of credit, and commercial and industrial loan originations.

We consider our balance sheet as well as market conditions on an ongoing basis in making decisions as to whether to hold residential loans we originate for investment or to sell these loans to investors, choosing the strategy that is most advantageous to us from a profitability and risk management standpoint. We sell the majority of the fixed-rate conforming and eligible jumbo one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we originate, generally on a servicing-retained basis, while retaining some non-eligible fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans in order to manage the duration and time to repricing of our loan portfolio. All FHA, VA and USDA loans we originate are sold on a servicing-released, non-recourse basis in accordance with FHA, VA and USDA guidelines. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we sold $17.8 million and $25.2 million of one- to four-family residential real estate loans, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we did not originate or sell any FHA, VA, or USDA loans, compared to no FHA, VA or USDA loans originated or sold during the year ended December 31, 2024.

	2023
	Fixed Rate		Floating orAdjustable Rate		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage(1)	$	33,139	$	21,401	$	54,540
Home equity lines of credit	2,359		4,605		6,964
Multi-family and commercial real estate	34,978		21,034		56,012
Construction and development	30,158		64,104		94,262
Consumer	11,810		—		11,810
Commercial and industrial	34,165		25,408		59,573
Leases	89,696		—		89,696
Total	$	236,305	$	136,552	$	372,857

(1)Includes $3.0 million of fixed-rate and $260,000 of adjustable-rate loans secured by second mortgages on residential properties.

As reflected in the tables above, loan and lease originations decreased $135.8 million, or 36.4%, to $237.1 million during 2024 compared to $372.9 million during 2023, primarily due to higher market interest rates.

We consider our balance sheet as well as market conditions on an ongoing basis in making decisions as to whether to hold residential loans we originate for investment or to sell these loans to investors, choosing the strategy that is most advantageous to us from a profitability and risk management standpoint. We sell the majority of the fixed-rate conforming and eligible jumbo one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we originate, generally on a servicing-retained basis, while retaining some non-eligible fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans in order to manage the duration and time to repricing of our loan portfolio. All FHA, VA and USDA loans we originate are sold on a servicing-released, non-recourse basis in accordance with FHA, VA and USDA guidelines. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we sold $25.2 million and $19.7 million of one- to four-family residential real estate loans, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we did not originate or sell any FHA, VA, or USDA loans, compared to $65,000 of FHA, VA or USDA loans originated or sold during the year ended December 31, 2023.

We recognize, at the time of sale, the cash gain or loss on the sale of the loans based on the difference between the net cash proceeds received and the carrying value of the loans sold. Subject to market and economic conditions, management intends to continue this sales activity in future periods to generate gain on sale income.

From time to time, we may purchase loan participations secured by properties within and outside of our primary lending market area in which we are not the lead lender. In these circumstances, we follow our customary loan underwriting and approval policies. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had 4340 loans totaling $~~104~~83.4 million, consisting of $6474.63 million of multifamily and commercial real estate loans, ~~$28.7 million of construction~~ and ~~development loans, and~~ $119.1 million of other loans in which we were not the lead lender (of which $2632.49 million are for loans secured by collateral located outside of our primary market area). All ~~but one~~ of these participation loans were performing in accordance with their original repayment terms at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. We also have sold portions of loans we originate that exceeded our loans-to-one borrower legal lending limit or for risk diversification. Historically, we have not purchased whole loans. Pursuant to our growth strategy, however, we may purchase whole loans in the future.

Delinquencies and Non-Performing Assets

Loans and leases are reviewed on a regular basis. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. For all loan classes, the entire balance of the loan is considered past due if the minimum payment contractually required to be paid is not received by the contractual due date. Nonperforming loans and leases consist of loans and leases delinquent past 90 days and still accruing, and all loans and leases that are placed on nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans and leases are loans and leases for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis.

We generally cease accruing interest on our loans and leases when contractual payments of principal or interest have become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan or lease is currently performing. A loan or lease may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan or lease is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Interest received on nonaccrual loans and leases generally is applied against principal or interest and is recognized on a cash basis. Generally, loans and leases are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

Nonperforming loans and leases totaled $17.4 million, or 1.46% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2025 and $6.8 million, or 0.58% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2024. Nonaccrual loans and leases totaled $13.2 million at December 31, 2025, compared to $5.1 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to one commercial real estate loan of $6.7 million, which had a loan-to-value ratio of approximately 32.2% and was in the process of foreclosure proceedings. Accruing loans and leases past due 90 days or more totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2025, up from $1.7 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was largely due to one multi-family loan of $2.4 million that became 90 days past due during 2025 but remained accruing at December 31, 2025 due to an anticipated payoff. The loan was placed on nonaccrual status in early 2026 as a result of no payment being received by the bank.

reversed. Interest received on nonaccrual loans and leases generally is applied against principal or interest and is recognized on a cash basis. Generally, loans and leases are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

Nonperforming loans and leases totaled $6.8 million, or 0.58% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2024 and $8.0 million, or 0.72% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2023. The decrease in nonperforming loans was primarily attributable to a $1.2 million decrease in commercial and industrial loans, primarily due to one loan of $1.2 million secured by business assets, previously nonaccruing, that was paid off in 2024. At December 31, 2024, our largest nonperforming loan was a $4.9 million nonaccrual commercial construction and development loan that is subject to litigation between the developer and other parties.

When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as foreclosed assets or Other Real Estate Owned. Foreclosed assets are recorded at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Soon after acquisition, we order a new appraisal, or evaluation when acceptable, to determine the current market value of the property. Any excess of the recorded value of the loan over the market value of the property is charged against the allowance for credit losses, or, if the existing allowance is inadequate, charged to expense, in either case during the applicable period of such determination. After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed.

Foreclosed assets consist of property acquired through formal foreclosure, in-substance foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure, and are recorded at the lower of recorded investment or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs from recorded investment to fair value, which are required at the time of foreclosure, are charged to the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases. After transfer, adjustments to the carrying value of the properties that result from subsequent declines in value are charged to operations in the period in which the declines occur. We had $3756,000 in foreclosed assets at December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

The table below sets forth the amounts and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated.

	At December 31,
	2024			2023
	2025			2024
	(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans and leases:
Residential mortgage(1)	$	9476		$	~~101~~94
Commercial mortgage	7,436			—
Construction and development	4,900			4,900
Commercial and industrial	3530			~~1,241~~35
Leases	34715			8234
Total non-accruing loans and leases	513,~~063~~157			65,~~324~~063
Accruing loans and leases delinquent more than 90 days:
Residential mortgage(1)	1,~~261~~446			1,~~278~~261
Home equity lines of credit	1488			2514
Consumer	99			76
Multi-family	2,362			—
Leases	340			296
Consumer	46			99
Total accruing loans and leases delinquent more than 90 days	1,714			1,675
Leases	299			340
Total non-performing loans and leases	6,777			7,999
Total accruing loans and leases delinquent more than 90 days	4,241			1,714
Total non-performing loans and leases	17,398			6,777
Foreclosed assets:
Residential mortgage(1)	3756			~~136~~37
Total foreclosed assets	3756			~~136~~37
Total non-performing assets	$	617,~~814~~454		$	86,~~135~~814
Total non-performing loans to total loans	01.5846		%	0.7258		%
Total non-performing assets to total assets	01.4514		%	0.5645		%
Total non-performing assets and modified loans (accruing) to total assets	01.4514		%	0.5645		%

(1)Includes loans secured by first and second mortgages on residential properties.

Classified Assets. Our regulators require that we classify loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted.

When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances for credit losses in an amount deemed prudent by management and approved by the board of directors. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge off such amount. Our determination as to the classification of our assets and the amount of our valuation allowances is subject to review by our regulators, which may order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.

In accordance with our loan policy, we regularly review the problem loans in our portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. Loans are listed on the “watch list” initially because of emerging financial weaknesses even though the loan is currently performing as agreed, or if the loan possesses weaknesses although currently performing. If a loan deteriorates in asset quality, the classification is changed to “special mention,” “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” depending on the circumstances and the evaluation. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status and classified “substandard.” Management reviews the status of each loan on our watch list on a quarterly basis.

although currently performing. If a loan deteriorates in asset quality, the classification is changed to “special mention,” “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” depending on the circumstances and the evaluation. Generally, loans 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status and classified “substandard.” Management reviews the status of each loan on our watch list on a quarterly basis.

On the basis of this review of our assets, our classified assets at the dates indicated were as follows:

	At December 31,
	2024		2023
	2025		2024
	(In thousands)
Special mention	$	41,~~918~~023	$	4,~~850~~918
Substandard	1323,~~832~~775		1113,~~263~~832
Doubtful	34715		8134
Total classified assets	$	1825,~~784~~513	$	1618,~~194~~784

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. This determination requires significant ~~judgement~~judgment to estimate credit losses on a collective pool basis where similar risk characteristics exist, as well as for loans evaluated individually. The amount of the allowance is based on management’s evaluation of the collectability of the loan and lease portfolio, including the nature of the portfolio, credit concentrations, historical loss experience, and current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts for the Company's outstanding loan and lease balances. Allowances are made on individually analyzed loans generally determined based on collateral values or the present value of estimated cash flows. Because of uncertainties associated with regional economic conditions, collateral values, and future cash flows on individually analyzed loans, it is reasonably possible that management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio and the related allowance may change materially in the near-term. The allowance is increased by a provision for credit losses, which is charged to expense and reduced by full and partial charge-offs, net of recoveries. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is based on various factors, including, but not limited to, management’s ongoing review and grading of loans and leases, facts and issues related to specific loans and leases, historical loan and lease loss and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-accrual loans and leases, existing risk characteristics of specific loans or loan pools, the fair value of underlying collateral, current economic conditions and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses.

As an integral part of their examination process, the IDFI and the FDIC will periodically review our allowance for credit losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for credit losses. However, regulatory agencies are not directly involved in the process for establishing the allowance for credit losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

agencies are not directly involved in the process for establishing the allowance for credit losses as the process is our responsibility and any increase or decrease in the allowance is the responsibility of management.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The following table sets forth an analysis of our allowance for credit losses at the dates and for the periods indicated. Average balances of residential loans include loans held for sale.

	At and For the
	Years Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
	2025			2024
	(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to total loans and leases outstanding	1.3438		%	1.4234		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases	$	1516,~~791~~466		$	15,~~663~~791
Total loans and leases outstanding	$	1,~~175~~193,~~296~~719		$	1,~~106~~175,~~512~~296
Nonaccrual loans and leases to total loans and leases outstanding	01.4310		%	0.5743		%
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$	513,~~063~~157		$	65,~~324~~063
Total loans and leases outstanding	$	1,~~175~~193,~~296~~719		$	1,~~106~~175,~~512~~296
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to nonaccrual loans and leases	~~311~~125.8915		%	~~247~~311.6889		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases	$	1516,~~791~~466		$	15,~~663~~791
Nonaccrual loans and leases	$	513,~~063~~157		$	65,~~324~~063
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) during the period to average loans and leases outstanding:
Commercial mortgage	—		%	—		%
Net recoveries during the period	$	—(1)		$	~~(13)~~—
Average amount outstanding	$	~~373~~412,~~547~~943		$	~~347~~373,~~827~~547
Commercial and industrial	(0.0502)		%	(0.0205)		%
Net recoveries during the period	$	(6427)		$	(2064)
Average amount outstanding	$	~~123~~136,~~365~~962		$	~~103~~123,~~273~~365
Construction and development	—		%	—		%
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) during the period	$	—		$	—
Average amount outstanding	$	~~100~~59,~~879~~723		$	~~113~~100,~~248~~879
Multi-family	—		%	—		%
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) during the period	$	—		$	—
Average amount outstanding	$	~~189~~220,~~847~~002		$	~~138~~189,~~032~~847
Residential mortgage	—(0.02)		%	~~(0.02)~~—		%
Net recoveries during the period	$	(429)		$	(374)
Average amount outstanding	$	~~172~~169,~~902~~692		$	~~161~~172,~~020~~902
Home equity	—		%	—		%
Net recoveries during the period	$	—		$	—
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) during the period	$	—		$	—
Average amount outstanding	$	1318,~~869~~846		$	1013,~~614~~869
Leases	01.9611		%	0.4096		%
Net charge-offs during the period	$	1,~~428~~611		$	~~588~~1,428
Average amount outstanding	$	~~148~~145,~~692~~248		$	~~147~~148,~~855~~692
Consumer	0.6475		%	0.7164		%
Net charge-offs during the period	$	~~146~~154		$	~~160~~146
Average amount outstanding	$	2220,~~872~~480		$	22,~~602~~872
Total loans and leases	0.1314		%	0.0613		%
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) during the period	$	1,506		$	678
Net charge-offs during the period	$	1,708		$	1,506
Average amount outstanding	$	1,~~145~~183,~~973~~896		$	1,~~044~~145,~~471~~973

As of January 1, 2023, the Bank adopted the accounting standard referred to as CECL. As a result of the change in methodology from the incurred loss method to the CECL method, on January 1, 2023 the Company recorded a one-time adjustment from equity into the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases in the amount of $2.0 million, net of tax. This adjustment increased the allowance from $12.4 million at December 31, 2022 to $15.1 million at January 1, 2023. At December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases totaled $16.5 million, or 1.38% of total loans and leases

~~As of January 1~~outstanding, ~~2023,~~compared ~~the Bank adopted the accounting standard referred~~ to as CECL. As a result of the change in methodology from the incurred loss method to the CECL method, on January 1, 2023 the Company recorded a one-time adjustment from equity into the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases in the amount of $~~2.0 million, net of tax. This adjustment increased the allowance from $12.4 million at December 31, 2022 to $~~15.~~1 million at January 1, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases totaled $15.~~8 million, or 1.34% of total loans and leases outstanding, ~~compared to $15.7 million, or 1.42% of total loans and leases outstanding~~ at December 31, ~~2023~~2024. This increase was driven by a $6817.89 million increase in our loan and lease portfolio. The growth in the balance of loans and leases primarily occurred in the commercial mortgage and multi-family categories, which is in line with management's strategy to expand these portfolios. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Financial Condition at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 Compared to December 31, ~~2023~~2024” contained in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding changes in our loans, leases, and related allowances.

Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases allocated by category, the total balances by category, and the percentage of loans and leases in each category to total loans and leases at the dates indicated. The allowance for credit losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories. At the dates indicated, we had no unallocated allowance for credit losses.

	At December 31,
	2024				2023
	2025				2024
	Amount		Percent ofloans andleases ineachcategory tototal loans		Amount		Percent ofloans andleases ineachcategory tototal loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Allocated at end of period to:
Real estate loans:
Residential mortgage	$	1,~~910~~833	1211.1	%	$	1,~~681~~910	1012.71	%
Home equity lines of credit	~~184~~189		1.21		~~102~~184		01.72
Multi-family	2,~~660~~336		1614.82		12,~~789~~660		1116.48
Commercial mortgage	4,~~486~~575		2827.48		4,~~655~~486		2928.74
Construction and development	2,~~243~~298		14.20		32,~~883~~243		2414.82
Total real estate loans	11,~~483~~231		7268.72		1211,~~110~~483		7772.37
Consumer loans	~~356~~348		2.31		~~317~~356		2.03
Commercial business loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial	1,~~483~~812		911.40		1,~~281~~483		89.24
Leases	23,~~469~~075		1518.67		12,~~955~~469		1215.56
Total commercial business loans and leases	34,~~952~~887		2529.07		3,~~236~~952		2025.70
Total loans and leases	$	1516,~~791~~466	100.0	%	$	15,~~663~~791	100.0	%

Although we believe that we use the best information available to establish the allowance for credit losses, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary and results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, the existing allowance for credit losses may not be adequate and management may determine that increases in the allowance are necessary if the quality of any portion of our loan or lease portfolio deteriorates as a result. Any material increase in the allowance for credit losses may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

For additional information regarding our allowance for credit losses, see "Note 5: Loans, Leases and Allowance" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Investment Activities

General. First Bank Richmond has the legal authority to invest in ~~various~~a ~~types~~variety of liquid assets, including U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of ~~various~~ government-sponsored enterprises, ~~and~~ municipal ~~governments~~securities, deposits at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis, certificates of deposit of federally insured institutions, investment grade corporate bonds and investment grade marketable equity securities. We also are required to maintain an investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis stock.

The objectives of our investment policy are to provide and maintain liquidity to meet deposit withdrawal and loan funding needs, to help mitigate interest rate and market risk, to diversify our assets, and to maximize the rate of return on invested funds within the context of our interest rate and credit risk objectives. Various factors are considered when making decisions regarding our investment portfolio, including the marketability, maturity and tax consequences of the proposed investment. The maturity structure of investments will be affected by various market conditions, including the current and anticipated slope of the yield curve, the level of interest rates, the trend of new deposit inflows, and the anticipated demand for funds via deposit withdrawals and loan originations and purchases. Our investment securities are usually classified as available-for-sale; however, the purchasing officer has the option, at the time of purchase, to designate individual securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. 17

~~In April 2020~~Indianapolis, ~~First~~certificates ~~Bank Richmond created a wholly-owned subsidiary, FB Richmond Holdings, Inc. (“FB Richmond Holdings”) to hold a majority~~ of ~~its~~deposit ~~investment portfolio and take advantage~~ of ~~certain~~federally ~~tax~~insured ~~benefits. FB Richmond Holdings~~institutions, ainvestment-grade ~~Nevada~~corporate ~~corporation~~bonds, ~~holds, services, manages~~ and ~~invests that portion of First Bank Richmond’s~~ investment portfolio as may be transferred from time to time by First Bank Richmond to FB Richmond Holdings. FB Richmond Holdings’ investment policy, for the most part, mirrors that of First Bank Richmond’s investment policy. FB Richmond Holdings has hired a third-~~party~~grade ~~investment~~marketable ~~advisor~~equity ~~to manage its~~ securities ~~portfolio, subject to the oversight of its Board of Directors~~. ~~The~~ ~~President~~We ~~and~~also ~~Chief~~are ~~Executive~~required Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company serve on the board of directors of FB Richmond Holdings. At December 31, 2024, we had, on a consolidated basis, $258.2 million of securities, at fair value, classified as available-for-sale, $3.5 million of securities, at cost, classified as held-to~~-maturity,~~ ~~and~~maintain noan ~~securities~~investment ~~classified~~in asFederal ~~trading.~~Home AtLoan ~~that~~Bank ~~date, FB Richmond Holding managed $258.5 million~~ of ~~our~~Indianapolis ~~total investment portfolio~~stock.

WeThe ~~may~~objectives ~~from~~of ~~time~~our toinvestment ~~time~~policy ~~invest~~are into ~~“special~~provide ~~situation”~~and ~~investments~~maintain inliquidity ~~order~~ to ~~earn~~meet ~~profits~~deposit orwithdrawal toand ~~hedge~~loan ~~against~~funding needs, mitigate interest rate and market risk., ~~These~~diversify ~~investments~~assets, ~~may~~and ~~include~~maximize ~~interest~~the rate ~~swaps~~of ~~and/or~~return on invested funds within the context of our interest rate ~~caps~~and credit risk objectives. ~~These~~Various ~~investments~~factors are ~~handled~~considered onwhen amaking ~~case-by-case~~decisions ~~basis~~regarding ~~requiring~~our investment portfolio, including the ~~advice~~marketability, maturity and ~~counsel~~tax consequences of the ~~Asset/Liability~~proposed ~~Committee~~investment. The ~~President~~maturity ~~and/or~~structure ~~Chief~~of ~~Financial~~investments ~~Officer~~will ~~can~~be ~~act~~affected onby ~~his~~various ~~own~~market ~~authority~~conditions, ~~for~~including ~~investments~~the ~~under~~current ~~$400,000.~~and ~~However~~anticipated slope of the yield curve, ~~once~~the ~~this~~level ~~authority~~of isinterest ~~utilized~~rates, itthe ~~must~~trend beof ~~reauthorized~~new atdeposit inflows, and the ~~next~~anticipated ~~Asset/Liability~~demand ~~Committee~~for ~~meeting~~funds via deposit withdrawals and loan originations and purchases. ~~While~~Our weinvestment ~~have~~securities ~~the~~are ~~authority~~usually ~~under~~classified ~~applicable~~as ~~law~~available-for-sale; tohowever, ~~invest~~the inpurchasing ~~derivative~~officer ~~securities~~has the option, weat ~~had~~the notime ~~investments~~of inpurchase, ~~derivative~~to designate individual securities atas ~~December~~held-to-maturity, 31available-for-sale, ~~2024~~or trading.

WeIn ~~held~~April ~~common~~2020, ~~stock~~First ofBank ~~the~~Richmond ~~FHLB~~established a wholly-owned subsidiary, FB Richmond Holdings, Inc. (“FB Richmond Holdings”), a Nevada corporation, to hold a majority of ~~Indianapolis~~the ininvestment ~~connection~~portfolio ~~with~~and ~~our~~to ~~borrowing~~optimize ~~activities~~certain ~~totaling~~tax ~~$13~~benefits.9 ~~million~~FB atRichmond ~~December~~Holdings ~~31,~~manages ~~2024. For~~the portion of the ~~year~~investment ~~ended~~portfolio ~~December~~transferred ~~31,~~to ~~2024~~it by the Bank, ~~First~~in accordance with an investment policy that substantially mirrors the Bank's policy. FB Richmond ~~received~~Holdings employs a ~~total~~third-party ofinvestment ~~$1.2~~advisor, ~~million~~subject into ~~dividends~~oversight ~~from~~by its Board of Directors, which includes the ~~FHLB.~~President ~~Our~~and ~~required~~Chief ~~investment~~Executive inOfficer and the ~~stock~~Chief Financial Officer of the ~~FHLB~~Company. isAs ~~based~~of December 31, 2025, on a ~~predetermined~~consolidated ~~formula~~basis, ~~carried~~we atheld ~~cost~~$251.9 ~~and~~million ~~evaluated~~of available-for-sale ~~impairment.~~securities Weat ~~may~~fair bevalue, ~~required~~$2.8 million of held-to-maturity ~~purchase~~securities ~~additional~~at ~~FHLB~~cost, ~~stock~~and ifno wetrading ~~increase~~securities. ~~borrowings~~FB inRichmond Holdings managed $254.7 million of the ~~future~~total investment portfolio at that date.

We may from time to time invest in “special situation” investments in order to earn profits or to hedge against interest rate risk. These investments may include interest rate swaps and/or interest rate caps. These investments are handled on a case-by-case basis requiring the advice and counsel of the Asset/Liability Committee. The President and/or Chief Financial Officer can act on his own authority for investments under $400,000. However, once this authority is utilized, it must be reauthorized at the next Asset/Liability Committee meeting. While we have the authority under applicable law to invest in derivative securities, we had no investments in derivative securities at December 31, 2025.

We held common stock of the FHLB of Indianapolis in connection with our borrowing activities totaling $13.9 million at December 31, 2025. For the year ended December 31, 2025, First Bank Richmond received a total of $1.2 million in dividends from the FHLB. Our required investment in the stock of the FHLB is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment. We may be required to purchase additional FHLB stock if we increase borrowings in the future.

Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The following table sets forth the weighted average yields of investment securities at various ranges of maturities, excluding Federal Reserve Bank and FHLB stock, at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. Weighted average yields on tax-exempt securities are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal tax rate of approximately 21.0%. Certain mortgage-backed securities have adjustable interest rates and will reprice annually within the various maturity ranges. These repricing schedules are not reflected in the table below. Weighted average yield calculations on investment securities available for sale do not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected as a component of equity.

	At December 31, 2024
	At December 31, 2025
	Weighted-Average Yield
	Due in 1 Year or Less		Due After 1 Through 5 Years		Due After 5 Through 10 Years		Due After 10 Years
Securities available for sale:
U.S. government, SBA pools and federal agency	~~4.48~~—	%	1.4843	%	42.9623	%	12.9226	%
State and municipal obligations	2.3550		2.5799		23.1426		2.3391
Government sponsored mortgage-backed securities	—		21.4029		13.9722		12.7413
Corporate obligations	—		—		3.97		4.0921
Total securities available for sale	3.61		2.00		2.44		2.07
Other	—		—		—		—
Total securities available for sale	2.50		2.03		3.32		2.56
Securities held to maturity:
State and municipal obligations	23.9313		3.8932		43.6373		54.1413
Total securities held to maturity	2.93		3.89		4.63		5.14
Other	—		—		—		—
Total investment securities	3.55	%	2.13	%	2.46	%	2.08	%
Total securities held to maturity	3.13		3.32		3.73		4.13
Total investment securities	2.72	%	2.08	%	3.33	%	2.57	%

For additional information regarding our investment securities, see "Note 4: Investment Securities" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Sources of Funds

General. Deposits have traditionally been our primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. We also use borrowings, primarily FHLB advances, to supplement cash flow needs, lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk purposes and to manage the cost of funds. In addition, we receive funds from scheduled loan payments, loan and mortgage-backed securities prepayments, maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities, retained earnings and income on earning assets. While scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and levels of competition.

Deposits. We offer deposit accounts to consumers and businesses having a wide range of interest rates and terms. Our deposits consist of savings deposit accounts, money market accounts, NOW and demand accounts and certificates of deposit. We solicit deposits in our market areas as well as online through our website. We also participate in reciprocal deposit services for our customers through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) and Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”) networks. We primarily rely on competitive pricing policies, marketing and customer service to attract and retain these deposits. We also accept brokered deposits from deposit brokers. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our brokered deposits totaled $~~257~~235.69 million, or 2321.51% of total deposits, with an average interest rate of 4.2502% and a 1110-month weighted-average maturity, compared to $~~268~~257.86 million, or 2523.85% of total deposits, with an average interest rate of 34.7325% and aan 1011-month weighted-average maturity at December 31, ~~2023~~2024. Our reliance on brokered deposits may increase our overall cost of funds.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our core deposits, which are deposits other than certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more and brokered deposits, totaled $~~767~~794.16 million, representing 7071.13% of total deposits, compared to $~~715~~767.31 million, representing 6870.71% of total deposits, at December 31, ~~2023~~2024.

Our largest banking office based on deposits is our main office in Richmond, Indiana, which had total deposits of $548.4 million or 50.1% of our total deposits at December 31, 2024. Approximately 72.4% ($791.6 million) of our total deposits were held in our Wayne County, Indiana offices as of December 31, 2024, with 88.2% ($698.6 million) of those

Our largest banking office based on deposits is our main office in Richmond, Indiana, which had total deposits of $545.2 million or 48.9% of our total deposits at December 31, 2025. Approximately 70.8% ($789.8 million) of our total deposits were held in our Wayne County, Indiana offices as of December 31, 2025, with 88.2% ($697.0 million) of those deposits held in our five Richmond, Indiana offices. Overall, $838.93 million or 7675.72% of our total deposits were held in Indiana branches and $~~255~~276.07 million or 2324.38% were held in Ohio branches as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

The Federal Reserve ~~Board~~has ~~generally~~historically ~~requires~~required all depository institutions to maintain noninterest-bearing reserves at specified levels against their transaction accounts, primarily checking, NOW and Super NOW checking accounts. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced requirements to zero percent to support lending to households and businesses. Currently, the Federal Reserve has stated it has no plans to re-impose reserve requirements. However, the Federal Reserve may adjust reserve requirement ratios in the future if conditions warrant.

The following table sets forth our total deposit activities for the periods indicated.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
	2025			2024
	(Dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	1,~~041~~093,~~140~~940		$	1,~~005~~041,~~261~~140
Net deposits	21(10,~~049~~295)			1321,~~069~~049
Interest credited	31,~~751~~248			2231,~~810~~751
Ending balance	$	1,~~093~~114,~~940~~893		$	1,~~041~~093,~~140~~940
Net increase	$	5220,~~800~~953		$	3552,~~879~~800
Percent increase	5.1.9		%	35.61		%

The following table sets forth the distribution of total ~~deposit~~deposits ~~accounts,~~ by account type, ~~for~~at the ~~periods~~dates indicated.

	At December 31,
	2024				2023
	2025				2024
	Amount		Percentof Total		Amount		Percentof Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
Transaction and Savings Deposits:
Demand deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	~~110~~100,~~106~~091	109.10	%	$	~~114~~110,~~377~~106	1110.01	%
Interest bearing	~~135~~143,~~310~~863		12.49		~~151~~135,~~809~~310		1412.64
Savings	~~112~~114,~~499~~501		10.3		~~117~~112,~~659~~499		1110.3
Money market	~~188~~204,~~812~~836		1718.34		~~139~~188,~~152~~812		1317.43
Total non-certificates	~~546~~563,~~727~~291		50.05		~~522~~546,~~997~~727		50.20
Certificates:
0.00 – 1.00%	314,~~319~~730		20.94		7831,~~405~~319		72.59
1.01 – 2.00%	52,~~615~~988		0.53		135,~~609~~615		10.35
2.01 – 3.00%	74,~~418~~189		0.74		267,~~637~~418		20.67
3.01 – 4.00%	47198,~~956~~530		417.48		4147,~~011~~956		34.94
4.01 – 5.00%	~~342~~330,~~139~~895		3129.37		~~210~~342,~~453~~139		2031.23
Over 5.00%	~~112~~10,~~766~~270		100.39		~~148~~112,~~028~~766		1410.23
Total certificates	~~547~~551,~~213~~602		5049.05		~~518~~547,~~143~~213		4950.80
Total deposits	$	1,~~093~~114,~~940~~893	100.0	%	$	1,~~041~~093,~~140~~940	100.0	%

The following table sets forth, at the dates indicated, the average amount of and the average rate paid on deposit categories that are in excess of 10 percent of average total deposits.


	At December 31,
	2025				2024
	Average Balance Outstanding		Weighted Average Rate		Average Balance Outstanding		Weighted Average Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)

Demand deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	105,426	—	%	$	105,356	—	%
Interest bearing	141,154		1.0		141,902		0.9
Savings	113,136		0.9		116,183		0.8
Money market	199,136		2.8		169,763		3.1
Certificate accounts	543,714		4.0		557,216		4.4

Total deposits	$	1,102,566	2.7	%	$	1,090,420	2.9	%

The following table ~~sets~~indicates ~~forth, for~~ the ~~periods~~time ~~indicated,~~deposit ~~the~~accounts ~~average~~classified ~~amount~~by ofrate and ~~the~~maturity ~~average~~at ~~rate~~December ~~paid~~31, ~~on deposit categories that are in excess of 10 percent of average total deposits~~2025.

	At December 31,
	0.00-1.00%			1.01-2.00%			2.01-3.00%			3.01-4.00%			4.01- 5.00%			Over 5.00%			Total			PercentofTotal
	2024						2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
	Average Balance Outstanding			Weighted Average Rate			Average Balance Outstanding			Weighted Average Rate
Certificate accounts maturing in quarter ending:
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025	$	11		$	829		$	2,684		$	14,285		$	120,563		$	4,267		$	142,639		25.86	%
Demand deposits:
June 30, 2025	36			614			52			20,496			81,215			3,003			105,416			19.11
Non-interest bearing	$	105,356		—		%	$	107,192		—		%
September 30, 2025	3,840			1,098			353			22,636			65,123			3,000			96,050			17.41
Interest bearing	141,902			0.9			147,964			0.8
December 31, 2025	345			8			81			37,619			29,506			—			67,559			12.25
Savings	116,183			0.8			119,669			0.5
March 31, 2026	324			4			7			31,915			23,277			—			55,527			10.07
Money market	169,763			3.1			154,828			2.3
June 30, 2026	144			8			23			27,770			5,000			—			32,945			5.97
Certificate accounts	557,216			4.4			509,316			3.9
September 30, 2026	3			244			6			16,891			—			—			17,144			3.11
Total deposits	$	1,090,420		2.9		%	$	1,038,969		2.4		%
December 31, 2026	11			26			325			9,515			—			—			9,877			1.79
March 31, 2027	7			—			75			4,236			822			—			5,140			0.93
June 30, 2027	—			—			93			557			5,000			—			5,650			1.02
September 30, 2027	8			11			119			1,202			—			—			1,340			0.24
December 31, 2027	—			—			63			5,815			—			—			5,878			1.07
Thereafter	1			146			308			5,593			389			—			6,437			1.17
Total	$	4,730		$	2,988		$	4,189		$	198,530		$	330,895		$	10,270		$	551,602		100.00	%
Percent of total	0.86		%	0.54		%	0.76		%	35.99		%	59.99		%	1.86		%	100.00		%

As of December 31, 2025, approximately $268.2 million of our deposit portfolio, or 24.05% of total deposits, excluding collateralized public deposits, was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimated based on the methodologies and assumptions used for First Bank Richmond's regulatory reporting requirements. The following table ~~indicates~~sets forth the portion of our time ~~deposit~~deposits ~~accounts~~that ~~classified~~are in excess of the FDIC insurance limit, by ~~rate~~remaining ~~and~~time until maturity, atas of December 31, ~~2024~~2025 (dollars in thousands).

	0.00-1.00%					1.01-2.00%			2.01-3.00%			3.01-4.00%			4.01- 5.00%			Over 5.00%			Total			PercentofTotal
3 months or less				$	24,601
	(Dollars in thousands)
Over 3 through 6 months				11,267
Certificate accounts maturing in quarter ending:
Over 6 through 12 months				26,018
March 31, 2025	$	5,217				$	890		$	3,637		$	2,994		$	58,650		$	34,829		$	106,217		19.41	%
Over 12 months				20,760
June 30, 2025	1,806					173			806			6,671			50,995			26,903			87,354			15.96
				$	82,646
September 30, 2025	5,725					1,781			1,320			7,080			17,464			40,074			73,444			13.42
December 31, 2025	14,021					826			327			6,499			77,399			690			99,762			18.23
March 31, 2026	13					604			243			5,924			80,593			4,267			91,644			16.75
June 30, 2026	38					427			48			2,198			14,126			3,003			19,840			3.63
September 30, 2026	3,474					485			248			896			11,250			3,000			19,353			3.54
December 31, 2026	367					—			79			1,204			5,550			—			7,200			1.32
March 31, 2027	489					—			7			1,298			14,941			—			16,735			3.06
June 30, 2027	160					3			29			1,391			5,000			—			6,583			1.20
September 30, 2027	—					246			31			1,909			—			—			2,186			0.40
December 31, 2027	—					25			341			1,836			—			—			2,202			0.40
Thereafter	9					155			302			8,056			6,171			—			14,693			2.69
Total	$	31,319				$	5,615		$	7,418		$	47,956		$	342,139		$	112,766		$	547,213		100.00	%
Percent of total	5.72		%			1.03		%	1.36		%	8.76		%	62.52		%	20.61		%	100.00		%

For additional information regarding our deposits, see "Note 11: Deposits" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Borrowed Funds. We utilize borrowings as a source of funds, especially when they are less costly than deposits and can be invested at a positive interest rate spread, when we desire additional capacity to fund loan demand or when they meet our asset/liability management goals. Our borrowings historically have consisted of advances from the FHLB of Indianapolis. We may obtain advances from the FHLB of Indianapolis upon the security of the capital stock we own in the FHLB and certain of our mortgage loans and investment securities. Such advances may be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. To the extent such borrowings have different terms to repricing than our deposits, they can change our interest rate risk profile. At December 31, 2025, we had $240 million in FHLB advances outstanding. Based on current collateral levels, at December 31, 2025 we could borrow an additional $129.2 million from the FHLB of Indianapolis at prevailing interest rates.

As of December 31, 2024, approximately $248.1 million of our deposit portfolio, or 22.7% of total deposits, excluding collateralized public deposits, was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimated based on the methodologies and assumptions used for First Bank Richmond's regulatory reporting requirements. The following table sets forth the portion of our time deposits that are in excess of the FDIC insurance limit, by remaining time until maturity, as of December 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands).

3 months or less	$	17,608
Over 3 through 6 months	12,217
Over 6 through 12 months	15,038
Over 12 months	22,630
	$	67,493

For additional information regarding our deposits, see "Note 10: Deposits" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Borrowed Funds. We utilize borrowings as a source of funds, especially when they are less costly than deposits and can be invested at a positive interest rate spread, when we desire additional capacity to fund loan demand or when they meet our asset/liability management goals. Our borrowings historically have consisted of advances from the FHLB of Indianapolis. We may obtain advances from the FHLB of Indianapolis upon the security of the capital stock we own in the FHLB and certain of our mortgage loans and investment securities. Such advances may be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. To the extent such borrowings have different terms to repricing than our deposits, they can change our interest rate risk profile. At December 31, 2024, we had $265.0 million in FHLB advances outstanding. Based on current collateral levels, at December 31, 2024 we could borrow an additional $83.4 million from the FHLB of Indianapolis at prevailing interest rates.

We also have an available line of credit with the FHLB of Indianapolis totaling $10.0 million.

The following table presents the maturity ofand ~~term~~weighted ~~borrowings,~~average ~~which~~rates ~~consist entirely~~ of our FHLB advances, ~~along with associated weighted average rates~~ as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025.

Maturity by Fiscal Year	FHLB Advances		Weighted Average Rate
2025	$	125,000	4.51	%
2026	$	136,000	3.91	%
2026	74,000		3.73	%
2027	48,000		4.21	%
2027	23,000		4.48	%
2028	29,000		4.10	%
2028	16,000		4.02	%
2029	7,000		4.14	%
Thereafter	20,000		0.71	%
2030	20,000		3.38	%
	$	265,000	3.96	%
Thereafter	—		—	%
	$	240,000	3.96	%

At December 31, 2025, other borrowings totaled $12.0 million and consisted entirely of federal funds purchased. The weighted average interest rate on these borrowings was 3.75% at December 31, 2025.

Trust and Financial Services

We provide a variety of fee-based financial services, including trust and estate administration, investment management services, retirement plan administration and private banking services, in our market areas. Trust services are provided to both individual and corporate customers, including personal trust and agency accounts, and employee benefit plans. We also manage private investment accounts for individuals and institutions. Total wealth management assets under management and administration were $~~193~~246.03 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. These activities provide an additional source of fee income to First Bank Richmond and in ~~2024~~2025 constituted 2127.43% of our total non-interest income.

Subsidiary and Other Activities

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation had two subsidiaries, First Bank Richmond and First Insurance Management, Inc. First Bank Richmond is our wholly owned banking subsidiary. First Insurance Management, Inc. was formed in 2022 as a pooled captive insurance company subsidiary of the Company, incorporated in the State of Nevada, for the purpose of providing additional insurance coverage for the Company and its subsidiaries related to the operations of the Company for which insurance may not be economically feasible. As of December 31, 2025, First Insurance Management provided us with various liability and property damage policies for the Company and its related subsidiaries. First Insurance Management is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance.

23At December 31, 2025, First Bank Richmond had an active investment subsidiary, FB Richmond Holdings, which is a Nevada corporation that holds substantially all of First Bank Richmond's investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2025, the market value of securities managed was $254.7 million. FB Richmond Holdings has one active subsidiary, FB Richmond Properties, Inc., which is a Delaware corporation holding approximately $102.6 million in loans.

the purpose of providing additional insurance coverage for the Company and its subsidiaries related to the operations of the Company for which insurance may not be economically feasible. As of December 31, 2024, First Insurance Management provided us with various liability and property damage policies for the Company and its related subsidiaries. First Insurance Management is regulated by the State of Nevada Division of Insurance.

At December 31, 2024, First Bank Richmond had an active investment subsidiary, FB Richmond Holdings, which is a Nevada corporation that holds substantially all of First Bank Richmond's investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2024, the market value of securities managed was $258.5 million. FB Richmond Holdings has one active subsidiary, FB Richmond Properties, Inc., which is a Delaware corporation holding approximately $113.1 million in loans.

Competition

We face significant competition within our market both in making loans and leases and attracting deposits. Our market area has a high concentration of financial institutions, including large money center and regional banks, community banks and credit unions. Our competition for loans and deposits comes principally from commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, equipment financing companies, consumer finance companies and credit unions. We face additional competition for deposits from short-term money market funds, brokerage firms, mutual funds and insurance companies. We also compete with financial technology, or(FinTech) ~~fintech~~ companies. Recent technological advances and other changes have allowed parties to affect financial transactions that previously required the involvement of banks. For example, consumers can maintain funds in brokerage accounts or mutual funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits. Consumers can also complete transactions such as paying bills and transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. We expect competition from these institutions to remain strong, including from online banks and FinTech companies that leverage technology to deliver financial services.

Based on the most recent data provided by the FDIC, there are approximately 10 and 12 other commercial banks and savings banks operating in our Indiana and Ohio market areas, respectively. Additionally, there are approximately 10 and seven credit unions operating in these same respective market areas. As of June 30, 2024 (the most recent branch deposit data provided by the FDIC), First Bank Richmond’s share of bank deposits in Wayne and Shelby Counties, in Indiana, was approximately 29.6% and 1.5%, respectively, and in Shelby and Miami Counties, in Ohio, was approximately 10.8% and 4.4%, respectively. We do not accept deposits at our loan production office located in Columbus, Ohio.23

Based on the most recent data provided by the FDIC, there are approximately 10 and 36 other commercial banks and savings banks operating in our Indiana and Ohio market areas, respectively. Additionally, there are approximately 10 and 18 credit unions operating in these same respective market areas. As of June 30, 2025 (the most recent branch deposit data provided by the FDIC), First Bank Richmond’s share of bank deposits in Wayne and Shelby Counties, in Indiana, was approximately 25.9% and 2.0%, respectively, and in Shelby and Miami Counties, in Ohio, was approximately 12.3% and 4.2%, respectively.

How We Are Regulated

General. First Bank Richmond is an Indiana-chartered commercial bank. Its deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. First Bank Richmond is subject to extensive regulation by the IDFI, as its chartering agency, and by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as its deposit insurer and primary federal regulator. First Bank Richmond is required to file reports with, and is periodically examined by, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the IDFI concerning its activities and financial condition and must obtain regulatory approvals before completing certain transactions, including, but not limited to, mergers with or acquisitions of other financial institutions. In addition, First Bank Richmond is a member of and owns stock in the FHLB of Indianapolis, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System.

As a bank holding company, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is subject to examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is also subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws.

Set forth below is a description of certain laws and regulations that are applicable to First Bank Richmond and Richmond Mutual Bancorporation. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on First Bank Richmond and Richmond Mutual Bancorporation. Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by Congress or the applicable regulatory agencies, could have a material adverse impact on Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, First Bank Richmond and their operations.

Indiana Banking Regulation. First Bank Richmond, as an Indiana commercial bank, is regulated and supervised by the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions, or the IDFI. The IDFI is required to regularly examine each state-chartered bank. The approval of the IDFI is required to establish or close branches, to merge with another bank, to issue stock and to undertake many other activities. Any Indiana bank that does not operate according to the regulations, policies and directives of the IDFI may be sanctioned.

The powers that Indiana-chartered banks can exercise under these laws include, but are not limited to, the following:

Lending Activities. An Indiana-chartered commercial bank may make a wide variety of mortgage loans including fixed-rate loans, adjustable-rate loans, variable-rate loans, participation loans, graduated payment loans, construction and development loans, condominium and co-operative loans, second mortgage loans and other types of loans that may be made according to applicable regulations. Commercial loans may be made to corporations and other commercial enterprises with or without security. Consumer and personal loans may also be made with or without security.

Investment Activities. In general, First Bank Richmond may invest in certain types of debt securities, certain types of corporate equity securities, and certain other assets. However, these investment authorities are constrained by federal law. See “- Federal Banking Regulation — Investment Activities” for such federal restrictions.

Loans to One Borrower Limitations. Under Indiana law, First Bank Richmond’s total loans or extensions of credit to a single borrower or group of related borrowers cannot exceed, with specified exceptions, 15% of its capital stock, surplus fund and undivided profits. First Bank Richmond may lend additional amounts up to 10% if the loans or extensions of credit are fully secured by readily-marketable collateral. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, First Bank Richmond complied with these loans-to-one-borrower limitations. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, First Bank Richmond’s largest aggregate amount of loans to one borrower was $2223.85 million.

Dividends. Under Indiana law, First Bank Richmond is permitted to declare and pay dividends out of its undivided profits. The prior approval of the IDFI is required if the total of all dividends declared in a calendar year would exceed the total of its net income for that year combined with its retained net income for the preceding two years. See “- Federal Banking Regulation — Capital Requirements” and “- Holding Company Regulation” for restrictions on dividends under federal law.

Assessments. As an Indiana state-chartered commercial bank, First Bank Richmond is required to pay to the IDFI a general assessment fee in connection with the regulation and supervision of First Bank Richmond. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as discussed below, charges all insured depository institutions deposit insurance assessments.

Regulatory Enforcement Authority. Any Indiana bank that does not operate according to the regulations, policies and directives of the IDFI may be subject to sanctions for non-compliance, including seizure of the property and business of the bank and suspension or revocation of its charter. The IDFI may, under certain circumstances, suspend or remove officers or directors who have violated the law, conducted the bank’s business in a manner which is unsafe, unsound or contrary to the depositors' interests or been negligent in the performance of their duties. In addition, upon finding that a bank has engaged in an unfair or deceptive act or practice, the IDFI may issue an order to cease and desist and impose a fine on the bank. Indiana consumer protection and civil rights statutes applicable to First Bank Richmond permit private individual and class action lawsuits and provide for the rescission of consumer transactions, including loans, and the recovery of statutory and punitive damages and attorney’s fees in the case of certain violations of those statutes.

Federal Banking Regulation

Capital Requirements. Federal regulations require FDIC-insured depository institutions, including state-chartered banks, to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a total capital to risk-based assets and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio.

The capital standards require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, 6% and 8%, respectively. The regulations also establish a minimum required leverage ratio of at least 4% of Tier 1 capital. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets more than 2.5% above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, First Bank Richmond’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Capital Resources” contained in Part II, Item 7 and “Note 1819: Regulatory Capital” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ~~has~~ adopted a new accounting standard for US GAAP that was effective for us beginning in 2023. This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, requires FDIC-insured institutions and their holding companies (banking organizations) to recognize credit losses expected over the life of certain financial assets. CECL covers a broader range of assets than the former method of recognizing credit losses and generally results in earlier recognition of credit losses. Upon adoption of CECL, a banking organization must record a one-time adjustment to its credit loss allowances as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of credit loss allowances under the former methodology and the amount required under CECL. For a banking organization, implementation of CECL generally reduces retained earnings and affects other items in a manner that decreases regulatory capital. The federal banking regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC, have adopted a rule that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects of CECL on its regulatory capital. Management did not elect the option to phase in the day-one adverse effects of CECL over a three-year period, and instead, elected to record the full effects of the adoption of CECL in 2023.

institutions and their holding companies (banking organizations) to recognize credit losses expected over the life of certain financial assets. CECL covers a broader range of assets than the former method of recognizing credit losses and generally results in earlier recognition of credit losses. Upon adoption of CECL, a banking organization must record a one-time adjustment to its credit loss allowances as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of credit loss allowances under the former methodology and the amount required under CECL. For a banking organization, implementation of CECL generally reduces retained earnings and affects other items in a manner that decreases regulatory capital. The federal banking regulators, including the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC, have adopted a rule that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects of CECL on its regulatory capital. Management did not elect the option to phase in the day-one adverse effects of CECL over a three-year period, and instead, elected to record the full effects of the adoption of CECL in 2023.

The Bank adopted CECL as required on January 1, 2023. For additional information, see "Allowance for Credit Losses" under "Note 1: Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Under the federal prompt corrective action rules, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions under its jurisdiction, the severity of which depends upon the institution's level of capital. An institution that has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or more, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 8.0% or more, a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 6.5% or more and a leverage ratio of 5.0% or more is considered "well capitalized," provided that it is not subject to an agreement, order or directive issued by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation requiring it to meet and maintain a specific capital level. Institutions that are not well capitalized are subject to certain restrictions on brokered deposits and interest rates on deposits. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, First Bank Richmond met the criteria to be considered "well capitalized."

Standards for Safety and Soundness. Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe certain standards for all insured depository institutions. These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation and other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. Interagency guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. Failure to implement such a plan can result in further enforcement action, including the issuance of a cease-and-desist order or the imposition of civil money penalties.

Commercial Real Estate Lending Concentrations. The federal banking agencies have issued guidance on sound risk management practices for concentrations in commercial real estate lending. The particular focus is on exposure to commercial real estate loans that are dependent on the cash flow from the real estate held as collateral and that are likely to be sensitive to conditions in the commercial real estate market (as opposed to real estate collateral held as a secondary source of repayment or as an abundance of caution). The purpose of the guidance is not to limit a bank’s commercial real estate lending but to guide banks in developing risk management practices and capital levels commensurate with the level and nature of real estate concentrations. The guidance directs the FDIC and other bank regulatory agencies to focus their supervisory resources on institutions that may have significant commercial real estate loan concentration risk. A bank that has experienced rapid growth in commercial real estate lending, has notable exposure to a specific type of commercial real estate loan, or is approaching or exceeding the following supervisory criteria may be identified for further supervisory analysis with respect to real estate concentration risk:

a.Total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represent 100% or more of the bank’s total regulatory capital; or

b.Total commercial real estate loans (as defined in the guidance) represent 300% or more of the bank’s total regulatory capital and the outstanding balance of the bank’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months.

The guidance provides that the strength of an institution’s lending and risk management practices with respect to such concentrations will be taken into account in supervisory guidance on evaluation of capital adequacy. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Bank’s aggregate recorded loan balances for construction, land development and land loans were 7338.14% of total regulatory capital. In addition, at December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Bank’s loans secured by commercial real estate (as defined in the guidance) represented ~~314~~297.60% of total regulatory capital.

Investment Activities. All state-chartered Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured banks, including commercial banks, are generally limited in their investment activities to principal and equity investments of the type and in the amount authorized for national banks, notwithstanding state law, subject to certain exceptions.

In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is authorized to permit such a state bank to engage in state-authorized activities or investments not permissible for national banks (other than non-subsidiary equity investments) if it meets all applicable capital requirements and it is determined that such activities or investments do not pose a significant risk to the Deposit Insurance Fund.

Interstate Banking and Branching. Federal law permits well capitalized and well managed bank holding companies to acquire banks in any state, subject to Federal Reserve Board approval, certain concentration limits and other specified conditions. Interstate mergers of banks are also authorized, subject to regulatory approval and other specified conditions. In addition, banks may establish de novo branches on an interstate basis provided that the branch location is permissible under the law of the host state for banks chartered by that state.

Transaction with Affiliates and Regulation W of the Federal Reserve Regulations. Transactions between banks and their affiliates are governed by federal law. An affiliate of a bank is any company or entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the bank. In a holding company context, the parent bank holding company and any companies which are controlled by such parent holding company are affiliates of the bank (although subsidiaries of the bank itself, except financial subsidiaries, are generally not considered affiliates). Generally, Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation W limit the extent to which the bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10.0% of such institution’s capital stock and surplus, and with all such transactions with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20.0% of such institution’s capital stock and surplus. Section 23B applies to “covered transactions” as well as to certain other transactions and requires that all such transactions be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the institution or subsidiary as those provided to a non-affiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans to, purchase of assets from, and issuance of a guarantee to an affiliate, and other similar transactions. Section 23B transactions also include the provision of services and the sale of assets by a bank to an affiliate. In addition, loans or other extensions of credit by the financial institution to the affiliate are required to be collateralized according to the requirements set forth in Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act.

substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the institution or subsidiary as those provided to a non-affiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans to, purchase of assets from, and issuance of a guarantee to an affiliate, and other similar transactions. Section 23B transactions also include the provision of services and the sale of assets by a bank to an affiliate. In addition, loans or other extensions of credit by the financial institution to the affiliate are required to be collateralized according to the requirements set forth in Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act.

Sections 22(h) and (g) of the Federal Reserve Act place restrictions on loans to a bank’s insiders, i.e., executive officers, directors and principal shareholders. Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act requires that loans to directors, executive officers and principal shareholders be made on terms substantially the same as offered in comparable transactions to other persons and also requires prior board approval for certain loans. In addition, the aggregate amount of extensions of credit by a financial institution to insiders cannot exceed the institution’s unimpaired capital and surplus. Section 22(g) of the Federal Reserve Act places additional restrictions on loans to executive officers.

Enforcement. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has extensive enforcement authority over insured state-chartered banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System (referred to as non-member banks), including First Bank Richmond. The enforcement authority includes, among other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, issue cease and desist orders and remove directors and officers. In general, these enforcement actions may be initiated in response to violations of laws and regulations, breaches of fiduciary duty and unsafe or unsound practices. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is required, with certain exceptions, to appoint a receiver or conservator for an insured state non-member bank if that bank was “critically undercapitalized” on average during the calendar quarter beginning 270 days after the date on which the institution became “critically undercapitalized.” It may also appoint itself as conservator or receiver for an insured state non-member bank under specified circumstances, including, among others: (1) insolvency; (2) substantial dissipation of assets or earnings through violations of law or unsafe or unsound practices; (3) existence of an unsafe or unsound condition to transact business; (4) insufficient capital; or (5) the incurrence of losses that will deplete substantially all of the institution’s capital with no reasonable prospect of replenishment without federal assistance.

Insurance of Deposit Accounts. First Bank Richmond is a member of the Deposit Insurance Fund, which is administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Deposit accounts in First Bank Richmond are insured up to a maximum of $250,000 for each separately insured depositor.

The FDIC assesses deposit insurance premiums on all FDIC-insured institutions quarterly based on annualized rates. Under these rules, assessment rates for an institution with total assets of less than $10 billion are determined by weighted average CAMELS composite ratings and certain financial ratios, and range from 5 to 32 basis points, subject to certain adjustments.

27For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, First Bank Richmond paid $1.2 million in FDIC premiums. Assessment rates are applied to an institution's assessment base, which is its average consolidated total assets minus its average tangible equity during the assessment period.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, First Bank Richmond paid $1.4 million in FDIC premiums. Assessment rates are applied to an institution's assessment base, which is its average consolidated total assets minus its average tangible equity during the assessment period.

The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments, and in a banking industry emergency the FDIC may also impose a special assessment. Any significant increases in insurance assessment may have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and First Bank Richmond. Management cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. We do not currently know of any practice, condition, or violation that may lead to termination of First Bank Richmond’s deposit insurance.

Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act, or CRA, as implemented by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a state non-member bank, such as First Bank Richmond, has a continuing and affirmative obligation, consistent with its safe and sound operation, to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The CRA requires the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to provide a written evaluation of an institution’s CRA performance utilizing a four-tiered descriptive rating system. First Bank Richmond’s latest Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation CRA rating was “Satisfactory.”

On October 24, 2023, the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, issued a final rule ~~designed~~intended to strengthen and modernize regulations implementing the CRA. The ~~changes~~rule ~~are~~was designed to encourage banks to expand access to credit, ~~investment~~investments, and banking services in low- and moderate-income communities, ~~adapt~~accommodate to changes in the banking industry including mobile and internet banking, provide greater clarity and consistency in the application of the CRA regulations and tailor CRA evaluations and data collection to bank size and type. The applicability date for the majority of the provisions in the CRA regulations is January 1, 2026, and additional requirements will be applicable on January 1, 2027.

industry including mobile and internet banking, provide greater clarity and consistency in the application of CRA regulations, and tailor CRA evaluations and data collection based on bank size and type. The final rule was published with an effective date of April 1, 2024, and included staggered compliance deadlines; however, implementation was stayed by a preliminary injunction. In 2025, the federal banking agencies issued a Joint Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to rescind the 2023 final rule and reinstate the prior CRA regulations. As a result, the Bank continues to be evaluated under the pre-2023 CRA regulatory framework.

Consumer Protection and Fair Lending Regulations. Indiana chartered banks are subject to a variety of federal and Indiana statutes and regulations that are intended to protect consumers and prohibit discrimination in the granting of credit. These statutes and regulations provide for a range of sanctions for non-compliance with their terms, including imposition of administrative fines and remedial orders, and referral to the Attorney General for prosecution of a civil action for actual and punitive damages and injunctive relief. Certain of these statutes, including Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits unfair and deceptive acts and practices against consumers, authorize private individual and class action lawsuits and the award of actual, statutory and punitive damages and attorneys' fees for certain types of violations. The Dodd-Frank Act prohibits unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices against consumers, which can be enforced by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and state Attorneys General. However, in early 2025, CFPB leadership significantly scaled back the agency's rulemaking, enforcement and supervisory activities, including pausing major enforcement actions, rescinding guidance, and narrowing priorities which has significantly reduced active oversight of financial institutions. Although statutory consumer protection requirements remain in force, the agency's diminished operations have created regulatory uncertainty with respect to the supervision and enforcement of the existing consumer financial protection laws.

Bank Secrecy Act/Anti Money Laundering Law. First Bank Richmond is subject to the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering laws and regulations including the USA PATRIOT Act, which gives federal agencies additional powers to address terrorist threats through enhanced domestic security measures, expanded surveillance powers, increased information sharing, and broadened anti-money laundering requirements. The USA PATRIOT Act includes measures intended to encourage information sharing among bank regulatory agencies and law enforcement bodies, and imposes affirmative obligations on a broad range of financial institutions, including banks, thrifts, brokers, dealers, credit unions, money transfer agents, and parties registered under the Commodity Exchange Act.

Privacy Standards and Cyber Security. First Bank Richmond is subject to FDIC regulations implementing the privacy protection provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999. These regulations require First Bank Richmond to disclose its privacy policy, including informing consumers of its information sharing practices and informing consumers of their rights to opt out of certain practices. In addition, the federal banking agencies recently adopted rules providing for new notification requirements for banking organizations and their service providers for significant cybersecurity incidents. Specifically, the new rules require a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator as soon as possible, and no later than 36 hours after, the banking organization determines that a “computer-security incident” rising to the level of a “notification incident” has occurred. Notification is required for incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the viability of a banking organization’s operations, its ability to deliver banking products and services, or the stability of the financial sector. Service providers are required under the rule to notify affected banking organization customers as soon as possible when the provider determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the banking organization’s customers for four or more hours.

In July 2023, the SEC adopted rules requiring registrants to disclose material cybersecurity incidents they experience and to disclose on an annual basis material information regarding their cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance. The new rules require registrants to disclose on Form 8-K any cybersecurity incident they determine to be material and to describe the material aspects of the incident's nature, scope, and timing, as well as its material impact or reasonably likely material impact on the registrant. For information regarding the Company’s cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance, see “Item 1C. Cybersecurity” contained in Part I of this Form 10-K.

Other Regulations. Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by First Bank Richmond are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. First Bank Richmond’s operations are also subject to state and federal laws applicable to credit and other transactions, such as the:

•Truth in Lending Act, which requires lenders to disclose the terms and conditions of consumer credit;

•Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, which requires lenders to disclose the nature and costs of the real estate settlement process and prohibits specific practices, such as kickbacks, and places limitations upon the use of escrow accounts;

•Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;

•Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;

•Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies; and

•Rules and regulations of the various federal and state agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal and state laws.

The deposit operations of First Bank Richmond also are subject to, among others, the:

•Truth in Savings Act, which requires financial institutions to disclose the terms and conditions of their deposit accounts;

•Expedited Funds Availability Act, which requires banks to make funds deposited in transaction accounts available to their customers within specified time frames;

•Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check;

•Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services; and

•Indiana banking laws and regulations governing deposit powers and other matters.

Federal Home Loan Bank System. First Bank Richmond is a member of the FHLB of Indianapolis, one of the 11 regional FHLBs which provide a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. Member institutions are required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the FHLB. This stock has no quoted market value and is carried at cost. First Bank Richmond reviews the cost basis of the FHLB stock for ultimate recoverability regularly. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, no impairment of the value of the stock has been recognized. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Bank had $~~265~~240.0 million of FHLB advances and $10.0 million available on its line of credit with the FHLB.

Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve requires ~~all~~ depository institutions to maintain reserves at specified levels against their transaction accounts, primarily checking accounts. InAs ~~response~~of toDecember ~~the~~31, ~~COVID-19 pandemic~~2025, the ~~Federal Reserve reduced the~~ reserve requirement ratio towas zero percent ~~effective on March 26, 2020, to support lending to households and businesses~~. ~~At December 31, 2024, the Bank was in compliance with the reserve requirements.~~

29The Bank is authorized to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank "discount window." An eligible institution need not exhaust other sources of funds before going to the discount window, nor are there restrictions on the purposes for which the institution can use primary credit. At December 31, 2025, the Bank had no outstanding borrowings from the discount window.

The Bank is authorized to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank "discount window." An eligible institution need not exhaust other sources of funds before going to the discount window, nor are there restrictions on the purposes for which the institution can use primary credit. At December 31, 2024, the Bank had no outstanding borrowings from the discount window.

Acquisitions. An acquisition of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation or First Bank Richmond, an acquisition of control of either, or an acquisition by either of another bank holding company or depository institution or control of such a company or institution would generally be subject to prior approval by applicable federal and state banking regulators, as would certain acquisitions by Richmond Mutual Bancorporation or First Bank Richmond of other types of entities. "Control" is defined in various ways for this purpose, including but not limited to control of 10% of outstanding voting stock of an entity. See “– Holding Company Regulation” below.

Holding Company Regulation. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. As such, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is registered with the Federal Reserve Board and is subject to regulations, examinations, supervision and reporting requirements applicable to bank holding companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and its non-bank subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary bank.

companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and its non-bank subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary bank.

A bank holding company is generally prohibited from engaging in non-banking activities, or acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting securities of any company engaged in non-banking activities.

The Federal Reserve Board is required to establish for all bank and savings and loan holding companies, minimum consolidated capital requirements that are as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries. Consolidated regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to the subsidiary banks apply to bank holding companies with less than $3.0 billion of consolidated assets.

A bank holding company is generally required to give the Federal Reserve Board prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of then outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board may disapprove such a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe and unsound practice, or would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve Board order or directive, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve Board. There is an exception to this approval requirement for well-capitalized bank holding companies that meet certain other conditions.

The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding capital distributions, including dividends, by bank holding companies. In general, the policies provide that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The policies also require that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks (referred to as the source of strength doctrine) by standing ready to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to those banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where necessary. However, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. These regulatory policies could affect the ability of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation to pay dividends or otherwise engage in capital distributions.

Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, depository institutions are liable to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for losses suffered or anticipated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in connection with the default of a commonly controlled depository institution or any assistance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to such an institution in danger of default.

Federal Securities Laws. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation’s common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Taxation

The following discussion of federal and state taxation is intended only to summarize material income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and First Bank Richmond and their respective subsidiaries.

Federal Taxation. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and First Bank Richmond are subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. Our federal and state tax returns have not been audited for the past five years.

Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, we currently report our income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and use a tax year ending December 31 for filing its federal income tax returns. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and First Bank Richmond with their respective subsidiaries will file a consolidated federal income tax return. FB Richmond Properties, Inc. files a separate federal income tax return.

Capital Loss Carryovers. A corporation ~~cannot~~may not recognize capital losses in excess of capital gains ~~generated~~. Generally, a financial institution may carry back capital losses to the preceding three taxable years and forward to the succeeding five taxable years. Any capital loss carryback or ~~carryover~~carryforward is treated as a short-term capital loss for the year to which it is carried. ~~As such~~Accordingly, it is ~~grouped~~combined with ~~any~~ other capital losses ~~for~~in ~~the~~that year ~~to which it is carried~~ and is used to offset any capital gains. Any ~~loss remaining after the five-year carryover period is not deductible. At December 31, 2024, we had no capital loss carryovers.~~

capital loss remaining after the five-year carryforward period is not deductible. At December 31, 2025, we had total capital loss carryforwards of $203,000, of which the earliest amount ($47,000) will expire on December 31, 2029.

Corporate Dividends. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation may generally exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from First Bank Richmond and their respective subsidiaries as members of the same affiliated group of corporations.

State Taxation. First Bank Richmond is subject to Indiana’s financial institutions tax, which is imposed at a flat rate as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, of 4.9% on “adjusted gross income” apportioned to Indiana. “Adjusted gross income,” for purposes of the financial institutions tax, begins with taxable income as defined by Section 63 of the Internal Revenue Code and incorporates federal tax law to the extent that it affects the computation of taxable income. Federal taxable income is then adjusted by several Indiana modifications including only considering members of the combined group which have Indiana nexus. First Bank Richmond is not currently under audit with respect to its Indiana tax returns.

First Bank Richmond is also subject to Ohio taxation in the same general manner as other financial institutions. In particular, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and First Bank Richmond will be subject to the Ohio corporation franchise tax, which is an excise tax imposed on corporations for the privilege of doing business in Ohio, owning capital or property in Ohio, holding a charter or certificate of compliance authorizing the corporation to do business in Ohio, or otherwise having nexus with Ohio during a calendar year. For Ohio franchise tax purposes, financial institutions are currently taxed at a rate equal to 0.8% of apportioned net capital.

First Bank Richmond also files income tax returns in a number of states where nexus has been established.

Other applicable state taxes include generally applicable sales and use taxes plus real and personal property taxes.

As a Maryland business corporation, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is required to file an annual report with and pay franchise taxes to the State of Maryland.

Employees and Human Capital

As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had ~~173~~180 full-time equivalent employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have a good working relationship with our employees.

To facilitate talent attraction and retention, we strive to make First Bank Richmond an inclusive, safe and healthy workplace, with opportunities for our employees to grow and develop in their careers, supported by strong compensation, benefits, health and welfare programs. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, approximately 7473.5% of our workforce was female and 26.5% male, and our average tenure was 10.31 years. As part of our compensation philosophy, we believe that we must offer and maintain market competitive total rewards programs for our employees in order to attract and retain superior talent. In addition to healthy base wages, additional programs include annual bonus opportunities, a Company augmented Employee Stock Ownership Plan, Company matched 401(k) Plan, healthcare and insurance benefits, health savings and flexible spending accounts, paid time off, family leave, family care resources, flexible work schedules, and employee assistance programs.

31The success of our business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of our employees. We are committed to the health, safety, and wellness of our workforce and their families, providing access to a variety of flexible and convenient programs that support physical and mental health, including tools and resources to help employees maintain or improve their well-being. We have also implemented flexible work arrangements for eligible employees while continuing additional safety measures for employees performing critical on-site work.

~~Ownership~~A ~~Plan,~~core ~~Company~~tenet ~~matched~~of ~~401(k)~~our ~~Plan,~~talent ~~healthcare~~system is to both develop talent from within and ~~insurance~~supplement ~~benefits,~~with ~~health~~external ~~savings~~hires. This approach has yielded loyalty and ~~flexible~~commitment ~~spending~~in ~~accounts,~~our ~~paid~~employee ~~time~~base ~~off~~which in turn grows our business, ~~family~~our ~~leave~~products, ~~family~~and ~~care~~our ~~resources~~customers, ~~flexible~~while ~~work~~adding ~~schedules,~~new employees and ~~employee~~external ~~assistance~~ideas ~~programs~~supports a continuous improvement mindset. We believe that our 10.1-year average tenure reflects the engagement of our employees in this core talent system tenet.

The success of our business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of our people. Accordingly, we are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our employees. We provide our employees and their families with access to a variety of flexible and convenient health and welfare programs, including benefits that support their physical and mental health by providing tools and resources to help them improve or maintain their health status. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant operating environment changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate, and which comply with government regulations. This includes giving some employees the ability to work from home, while implementing additional safety measures for employees continuing critical on-site work.

A core tenet of our talent system is to both develop talent from within and supplement with external hires. This approach has yielded loyalty and commitment in our employee base which in turn grows our business, our products, and our customers, while adding new employees and external ideas supports a continuous improvement mindset. We believe that our 10.3 year average tenure reflects the engagement of our employees in this core talent system tenet.

Information About Our Executive Officers

Officers are elected annually to serve for a one-year term. There are no arrangements or understandings between the officers and any other person pursuant to which he or she was or is to be selected as an officer.

Garry D. Kleer (age 69). Mr. Kleer currently serves as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of First Bank Richmond. Mr. Kleer joined the Bank in 1994 as Vice President of Commercial Lending and was promoted in 2001 to President and Chief Executive Officer. He also serves as Chairman of the Mutual Federal advisory board of directors. Mr. Kleer is a member of the Large Community Bank Council of the Independent Community Bankers of America and the American Bankers Association's Membership Council. During 2022, Mr. Kleer served as Chairman of the Indiana Bankers Association (“IBA”) and continues to serve on its board as the ABA constituent director. Mr. Kleer was named a Sagamore of the Wabash and inducted into the IBA Leaders in Banking Excellence in 2022. Mr. Kleer’s community involvement includes service on the boards of the Boys & Girls Clubs of Wayne County, Richmond Symphony Orchestra, and Reid Health. He has also been recognized with the Indiana University East Chancellor’s Medallion, Junior Achievement Business Hall of Fame, Richmond/Wayne County Distinguished Community Leader and Boys & Girls Clubs Man and Youth Award. In 2020, he was awarded the Indiana University Bicentennial Medal for distinguished service. Mr. Kleer is a graduate of Indiana University, the ABA Graduate School of Commercial Lending and the Stonier Graduate School of Banking. With 40+ years of experience working in the banking industry, his service on the boards of numerous community organizations and his extensive involvement in our community, Mr. Kleer brings outstanding leadership skills and a deep understanding of the local banking market and issues facing the banking industry.31

~~Bradley~~Garry MD. ~~Glover~~Kleer (age 3470). Mr. ~~Glover~~Kleer is currently ~~serving~~serves as ~~Senior~~Chairman, ~~Vice~~ President, and Chief ~~Financial~~Executive Officer of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation and as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of First Bank Richmond. Mr. ~~Glover~~Kleer joined the Bank in 1994 as Vice President of Commercial Lending and was ~~appointed~~promoted in 2001 to President and Chief ~~Financial~~Executive Officer. inHe ~~March~~also ~~2024~~serves ~~after~~as ~~serving~~Chairman asof ~~Acting~~the ~~Chief~~Mutual ~~Financial~~Federal ~~Officer~~advisory ~~beginning~~board ~~May~~of ~~2023~~directors. HeMr. ~~has~~Kleer ~~worked~~is ata ~~First~~member ~~Bank~~of ~~Richmond~~the ~~since~~American ~~2011~~Bankers Association's Membership Council. HeDuring 2022, Mr. Kleer served as ~~Vice~~Chairman ~~President~~of the Indiana Bankers Association ("IBA") and ~~Controller~~continues ofto serve on its board as the ~~Bank~~ABA ~~beginning~~constituent indirector. ~~2021~~Mr. ~~before~~Kleer ~~promotion~~was tonamed ~~his~~a ~~role~~Sagamore of ~~Chief~~the ~~Financial~~Wabash ~~Officer~~and inducted into the IBA Leaders in Banking Excellence in 2022. Mr. ~~Glover'~~Kleer’s ~~responsibilities~~community ~~include~~involvement ~~management~~includes ~~and~~service ~~direction~~on the boards of the ~~finance~~Boys ~~and~~& ~~accounting~~Girls ~~functions,~~Clubs ~~asset-liability~~of ~~management~~Wayne County, ~~budgeting~~Richmond Symphony Orchestra, and ~~investment~~Reid ~~management~~Health. He has also ~~manages~~been recognized with the ~~accounting~~Indiana ~~functions~~University ofEast ~~the~~Chancellor’s ~~Bank~~Medallion, ~~and~~Junior ~~oversees~~Achievement ~~daily~~Business ~~accounting~~Hall ~~operations~~of Fame, asRichmond/Wayne ~~well~~County asDistinguished ~~directs~~Community Leader, and ~~assists~~Boys in& Girls Clubs Man and Youth Award. In 2020, he was awarded the ~~preparation~~Indiana ofUniversity ~~regulatory~~Bicentennial ~~and~~Medal ~~managerial~~for ~~financial~~distinguished ~~reports~~service. Mr. ~~Glover~~Kleer ~~holds~~is a BSgraduate inof ~~Accounting~~Indiana ~~from~~University, ~~Ball~~the ~~State~~ABA ~~University’s~~Graduate ~~Miller~~School ~~College~~ of ~~Business~~Commercial Lending and ~~has~~the ~~been~~Stonier ~~recognized~~Graduate bySchool ~~the~~of ~~Indiana~~Banking. ~~Bankers~~With ~~Association~~40+ ~~for~~years ~~completion~~ of ~~their~~experience ~~Leadership~~working ~~Development~~in ~~Program.~~the Inbanking ~~addition~~industry, tohis service on the boards of numerous community organizations and his ~~13-year~~extensive ~~career~~involvement in ~~banking~~our community, Mr. ~~Glover~~Kleer ~~also~~brings ~~serves~~outstanding asleadership skills and a ~~board~~deep ~~member~~understanding of ~~Centerville-Abington~~the ~~Community~~local ~~Dollars~~banking ~~for~~market ~~Scholars,~~ and aissues ~~finance~~facing ~~committee member of~~ the ~~Richmond~~banking ~~Family YMCA~~industry.

~~Dean~~Bradley WM. ~~Weinert~~Glover (age 7235). Mr. ~~Weinert~~Glover ~~served~~is currently serving as ~~the~~Senior Vice President and Chief ~~Executive~~Financial Officer of Richmond Mutual ~~Federal~~Bancorporation ~~Savings~~and First Bank, ~~which~~Richmond. ~~operated~~Mr. ~~independently~~Glover ~~from~~was ~~First~~appointed ~~Bank~~Chief ~~Richmond~~Financial asOfficer ain ~~wholly~~March ~~owned~~2024 ~~bank~~after ~~subsidiary~~serving ofas ~~Richmond~~Acting ~~Mutual~~Chief ~~Bancorporation,~~Financial ~~from~~Officer ~~2010~~beginning ~~through~~May ~~2016,~~2023. ~~and~~He ashas ~~Division~~worked ~~President~~at First Bank Richmond since ~~2016~~2011. ~~when~~He ~~Mutual~~served ~~Federal~~as ~~Savings~~Vice ~~Bank~~President ~~was~~and ~~combined~~Controller ~~with~~of ~~First~~the Bank ~~Richmond~~beginning ~~through~~in an2021 ~~internal~~before ~~merger~~promotion ~~transaction~~to his role of Chief Financial Officer. Mr. ~~Weinert~~Glover's ~~also~~responsibilities ~~serves~~include asmanagement aand ~~member~~direction of the ~~Mutual~~finance ~~Federal~~and ~~advisory~~accounting ~~board~~functions, ofasset-liability ~~directors~~management, budgeting and investment management. ~~Prior~~He toalso ~~joining~~manages ~~Mutual~~the ~~Federal~~accounting ~~and~~functions ~~First~~of the Bank ~~Richmond,~~and ~~Mr.~~oversees ~~Weinert~~daily ~~served~~accounting operations, as awell ~~senior~~as ~~officer~~directs and assists in the ~~large~~preparation ~~corporate~~of ~~special~~regulatory ~~assets~~and ~~division~~managerial offinancial ~~PNC~~reports. Mr. ~~National~~Glover ~~Bank~~holds a BS in ~~Indianapolis~~Accounting ~~(2008-2010),~~from aBall ~~senior~~State ~~commercial~~University’s ~~lending~~Miller ~~officer~~College atof ~~Park~~Business ~~National~~and ~~Bank~~has inbeen ~~Columbus,~~recognized ~~Ohio~~by ~~(2006-2008),~~the ~~and~~Indiana asBankers ~~President~~Association offor ~~Eaton~~completion ~~National~~of ~~Bank,~~their ~~Eaton,~~Leadership ~~Ohio~~Development ~~(2002-2006)~~Program. In addition, ~~over~~to his ~~45+~~ 14-year career in banking, Mr. ~~Weinert~~Glover ~~has~~also ~~held~~serves ~~numerous~~as ~~commercial~~a ~~banking~~board member of Centerville-Abington Community Dollars for Scholars and a finance committee member of the Richmond Family YMCA.

32Paul J. Witte (age 54). Mr. Witte, employed by First Bank Richmond since 1996, was promoted to President/Chief Operating Officer of the Bank in January 2023. Mr. Witte has recently served as Executive Vice President and previously as Senior Vice President of Commercial Lending since 2014 and Commercial Leasing since 2006. Mr. Witte manages the lending and operations functions of the Bank. Mr. Witte is a graduate of Ball State University with a BS in Accounting, Corporate Finance, and Institutional Finance. He is a Certified Public Accountant (currently inactive). He is a graduate of the Graduate School of Banking at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and has attended the Financial Managers School sponsored by the Graduate School of Banking at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mr. Witte has been extensively involved in our community, having served on the board of numerous organizations during his tenure.

~~positions~~William "Bill" A. Daley, ~~including~~Jr. ~~serving~~(age 60). Mr. Daily has over 36 years of experience in community banking. He currently serves as athe ~~senior~~Ohio ~~credit~~Market ~~analyst,~~President ~~corporate~~at ~~lending~~Mutual ~~officer~~Federal, ~~commercial~~a ~~lending~~position ~~division~~he ~~manager~~has held since April 2025, ~~special~~where ~~assets~~he ~~group~~is ~~manager~~responsible for driving market growth, ~~corporate~~strengthening client relationships, and ensuring operational excellence across all banking ~~manager~~functions. Previously, Mr. Daily served as Chief Executive Officer, Director, and ~~chief~~Founder ~~commercial~~of ~~credit~~Riverside ~~officer~~Bank of Dublin, ~~predominately~~where ~~with~~he successfully launched and grew the ~~Indiana~~bank ~~National~~earning ~~Bank~~a inBauer ~~Indiana~~5-Star rating and ~~its~~was ~~several~~named ~~successor~~Ohio ~~entities~~Bankers ~~through~~League ~~subsequent~~Bank ~~mergers~~of the Year. Throughout his career, Mr. ~~Weinert~~Daily has held senior leadership roles including Chief Lending Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Regional President, and Director of Commercial Banking. Mr. Daily holds a BABachelor of Arts in Economics from ~~Wabash~~Indiana ~~College~~University, ~~and~~ an MBA from ~~Butler~~Webster University, and is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin Graduate School of Banking.

Paul J. Witte (age 53). Mr. Witte, employed by First Bank Richmond since 1996, was promoted to President/Chief Operating Officer of the Bank in January 2023. Mr. Witte has recently served as Executive Vice President and previously as Senior Vice President of Commercial Lending since 2014 and Commercial Leasing since 2006. Mr. Witte manages the lending and operations functions of the Bank. Mr. Witte is a graduate of Ball State University with a BS in Accounting, Corporate Finance, and Institutional Finance. He is a Certified Public Accountant (currently inactive). He is a graduate of the Graduate School of Banking at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and has attended the Financial Managers School sponsored by the Graduate School of Banking at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mr. Witte has been extensively involved in our community, having served on the board of numerous organizations during his tenure.

Website

Our website addresses are www.firstbankrichmond.com and www.mutualfederal.com. The information contained on our websites are not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other than an investor’s own internet access charges, we make available free of charge through its website the Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we have electronically filed such material with, or furnished such material to, the SEC. Information pertaining to us, including SEC filings, can be found by clicking the link on our sites called “About Us,” then scrolling down and clicking on the link called "Investor Relations."

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock is not an insured deposit and is subject to risks inherent in our business. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included and incorporated by reference in this report. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described below, other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, capital levels, cash flows, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. The market price of our common stock could decline significantly due to any of these identified or other risks, and you could lose some or all of your investment. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

Risks Related to Macroeconomic Conditions

A worsening of economic conditions in our market area could reduce demand for our products and services and/or result in increases in our level of non-performing loans, which could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and earnings.

Local economic conditions have a significant impact on the ability of our borrowers to repay loans and the value of the collateral securing loans. Adverse economic conditions in our market areas, ~~could~~including ~~impact~~declining ~~our growth rate~~employment, ~~reduce~~reduced ~~our~~consumer ~~customers' ability to repay loans~~spending, ~~and adversely impact our~~ business, ~~financial condition~~failures, ~~and~~or ~~results~~adverse ofweather ~~operations. Broader economic factors such as inflation~~events, ~~unemployment,~~could ~~and money supply fluctuations also may~~ adversely affect our ~~profitability. Trade wars~~growth, ~~tariffs, or shifts in trade policies between the United States and other nations could disrupt supply chains, increase costs for businesses, and reduce export opportunities for our~~ customers.’ ~~These~~ability ~~developments~~to ~~may,~~repay ~~in turn~~loans, ~~negatively impact these businesses~~ and, ~~by extension~~consequently, our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Economic Aconditions ~~deterioration~~ in ~~economic~~our ~~conditions~~market inarea ~~the~~are ~~market~~influenced ~~areas~~by webroad ~~serve,~~macroeconomic beand itpolicy ~~due~~factors, toincluding inflation or deflation, achanges ~~recession~~in monetary policy, ~~war~~interest rate volatility, fiscal and trade policies, geopolitical conflicts, market instability, supply-chain disruptions, and adverse weather ~~conditions~~events. Although inflation has moderated, ormany ~~other~~borrowers ~~factors~~continue ~~could~~to ~~result~~face higher operating costs, including increased costs of materials, goods, and labor. Changes in ~~the~~monetary ~~following~~policy ~~consequences~~may also affect borrowing behavior, ~~any~~asset ofvalues, ~~which~~and ~~could~~credit ~~have~~performance. aTrade ~~materially~~disputes, ~~adverse~~tariffs, ~~effect~~and shifts in global supply chains may further increase costs for certain commercial borrowers, particularly those dependent on ~~our~~construction ~~business~~materials, ~~financial~~raw ~~condition~~materials, orcomponent ~~results~~parts, ofor ~~operations:~~exports.

~~•Reduced~~A ~~demand~~deterioration ~~for~~in ~~our~~economic ~~products~~conditions ~~and~~in ~~services~~the market areas we serve, ~~potentially~~whether ~~leading~~due to recessionary conditions, inflation or deflation, interest rate volatility, geopolitical conflicts, market instability, adverse weather events, or other factors could have a ~~decline~~materially inadverse effect on our ~~overall~~business, ~~loans~~financial condition, or ~~assets;~~results of operations. Any of these conditions could lead to:

•Reduced demand for our products and services, potentially leading to lower loan originations, deposits, and other revenues;

•Elevated instances of loan delinquencies, problematic assets, and foreclosures;

•Reduced values in collateral securing our loans, thereby diminishing borrowing capacities and asset values tied to existing loans; and

•Reduced net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors, possibly impairing their ability to meet commitments to us.

A decline in local economic conditions may have a greater effect on our earnings and capital than on the earnings and capital of larger financial institutions whose real estate loan portfolios are geographically more diverse. Many of the loans in our portfolio are secured by real estate. Real estate values are affected by various factors, including economic conditions, governmental rules or policies, natural disasters ~~such as earthquakes~~, and trade-related pressures that may affect construction costs or ~~materials~~ availability of materials. If we are required to liquidate a significant amount of collateral during a period of reduced real estate values, our financial condition and profitability could be adversely affected.

Future changes in interest rates could reduce our profits and affect the value of our assets and liabilities.

Our net income is primarily derived from the excess of net interest income and non-interest income over non-interest expenses, provisions for credit losses, and taxes. The core component of our net income is driven by net interest income, which centers on the variance between the interest income accrued from interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, including deposits and borrowings.

The yields we earn on our assets and the rates we pay on our liabilities are generally fixed for a contractual period of time. Like many financial institutions, our liabilities generally have shorter contractual maturities than our assets. This mismatch exposes us to significant earnings volatility as market interest rates fluctuate. Shifts in interest rates can also impact the average lifespan of loans and mortgage-backed securities. In periods of rising interest rates, the growth rate of interest income from our assets might lag behind the accelerating interest expenses on liabilities. Conversely, declining interest rates can trigger increased loan prepayments and mortgage-backed security redemptions as borrowers seek lower borrowing costs through refinancing. This introduces reinvestment risk, where the challenge lies in reinvesting prepayments at rates comparable to those initially earned on the prepaid loans or securities. Moreover, an inverted interest rate yield curve, wherein short-term interest rates (which are usually the rates at which financial institutions borrow funds) surpass long-term rates (which are usually the rates at which financial institutions lend funds for fixed-rate loans), can compress a financial institution's net interest margin. This occurrence poses financial risks, particularly for institutions that originate longer-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 38.6% of our loan and lease portfolio consisted of fixed-rate loans and leases, potentially exposing us to these risks.33

AsThe yields we earn on our assets and the rates we pay on our liabilities are generally fixed for a contractual period of ~~December~~time. ~~31,~~Like ~~2024~~many financial institutions, our ~~deposit~~liabilities ~~composition~~generally ~~included~~have ~~$366~~shorter contractual maturities than our assets.8 ~~million~~This inmismatch ~~certificates~~exposes ofus ~~deposit~~to ~~maturing~~significant ~~within~~earnings ~~one~~volatility ~~year~~as ~~and~~market ~~$546~~interest rates fluctuate.7 ~~million~~Shifts in ~~noninterest-bearing,~~interest ~~NOW~~rates ~~checking,~~can ~~savings,~~also ~~and~~impact ~~money~~the ~~market~~average ~~accounts~~lifespan of loans and mortgage-backed securities. In aperiods of rising interest rates, the growth rate ~~environment~~of interest income from our assets might lag behind the accelerating interest expenses on liabilities. Conversely, ~~retaining~~declining ~~deposits~~interest rates can ~~become~~trigger ~~costlier.~~increased Ifloan ~~deposit~~prepayments and mortgage-backed security redemptions as borrowers seek lower borrowing costs through refinancing. This introduces reinvestment risk, where the challenge lies in reinvesting prepayments at rates ~~rise~~comparable ~~faster~~to ~~than~~those ~~loan~~initially ~~and~~earned ~~investment~~on ~~yields~~the prepaid loans or securities. Moreover, ~~our~~an ~~net~~inverted interest ~~income~~rate ~~and~~yield ~~overall~~curve, ~~earnings~~wherein ~~could~~short-term ~~decline~~interest rates (which are usually the rates at which financial institutions borrow funds) surpass long-term rates (which are usually the rates at which financial institutions lend funds for fixed-rate loans), can compress a financial institution's net interest margin. ~~Additionally~~This occurrence poses financial risks, ~~adjustable~~particularly for institutions that originate longer-term, fixed-rate ~~residential~~ mortgage loans. ~~and~~As ~~home~~of ~~equity~~December ~~lines~~31, of2025, ~~credit~~approximately ~~may~~35.9% ~~face~~of ~~increased~~our ~~default~~loan ~~risks~~and inlease aportfolio ~~rising~~consisted of fixed-rate ~~environment~~loans and leases, potentially exposing us to these risks.

As of December 31, 2025, our deposit composition included $411.7 million in certificates of deposit maturing within one year and $563.3 million in noninterest-bearing, NOW checking, savings, and money market accounts. In a rising rate environment, retaining deposits can become costlier. If deposit and borrowing rates rise faster than loan and investment yields, our net interest income and overall earnings could decline. Additionally, adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit may face increased default risks in a rising rate environment.

A sustained and substantial change in market interest rates could significantly impact our financial condition, liquidity, and operational results. Furthermore, fluctuations in interest rates may adversely affect the valuation of our assets and liabilities, ultimately affecting our earnings.

~~Monetary~~Risks ~~policy,~~Related ~~inflation,~~to ~~deflation,~~the ~~and~~Proposed ~~other~~Merger ~~external~~with ~~economic~~The ~~factors~~Farmers ~~could~~Bancorp, ~~adversely~~Frankfort, ~~impact our financial performance and operations.~~Indiana

~~Our~~The ~~financial~~completion ~~condition and results~~ of ~~operations are affected by credit policies of monetary authorities, particularly~~ the ~~Board~~merger ofwith ~~Governors~~The ofFarmers ~~the Federal Reserve System~~Bancorp, orFrankfort ~~the~~Indiana ~~Federal~~(“Farmers ~~Reserve.~~Bancorp”) ~~Actions~~is bysubject ~~monetary and fiscal authorities, including the Federal Reserve, could lead~~ to ~~inflation,~~numerous ~~deflation,~~risks orand ~~other~~uncertainties ~~economic phenomena~~ that could ~~adversely~~materially affect our financial performance. Higher U.S. tariffs on imported goods could exacerbate inflationary pressures by increasing the cost of goods and materials for businesses and consumers. This may particularly affect small to medium-sized businesses, as they are less able to leverage economies of scale to mitigate cost pressures compared to larger businesses. Consequently, our business ~~clients may experience increased financial strain~~, ~~reducing their ability to repay loans and adversely impacting our results of operations and~~ financial condition~~. Furthermore~~, ~~a prolonged period of inflation could cause wages and other costs to us to increase, which could adversely affect our~~ results of operations ~~and financial condition. Virtually all our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and~~, as a result, market interest rates tend to have a more significant impact on our performance than general levels of inflation or deflation. However, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or magnitude as the prices of goods and ~~services,~~stock ~~creating additional uncertainty in the economic environment~~price.

We have entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which Farmers Bancorp will be merged with and into Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, with Richmond Mutual Bancorporation as the surviving entity. Promptly thereafter, Farmers Bancorp’s wholly owned bank subsidiary, The Farmers Bank, will be merged with and into First Bank Richmond, the wholly owned bank subsidiary of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, with First Bank Richmond as the surviving bank. These transactions (collectively, the “merger”), if completed, will substantially increase the size of the Company.

Successfully integrating the operations, technologies, systems, personnel, and corporate cultures of the two companies may be complex, time-consuming, and costly. We may not achieve any or all of the anticipated strategic, operational, or financial benefits of the merger, including projected cost savings and revenue synergies. Disruptions related to integration could result in delays, inefficiencies, or the loss of key personnel, customers, or suppliers, any of which could adversely affect our business.

The merger also involves significant financial and accounting risks. The transaction requires valuation of acquired assets and liabilities, recognition of goodwill and other intangible assets, and may result in increased balance sheet complexity. Future impairment of goodwill, if any, or intangible assets could adversely affect our results of operations. Changes in our capital structure or increased leverage resulting from the transaction could also affect our liquidity, financial condition, and ability to access capital.

Completion of the merger is subject to regulatory approvals and other conditions. Failure to obtain or delays in obtaining such approvals could prevent or delay the merger or require us to comply with conditions that could adversely affect the combined company. Litigation or claims arising in connection with the merger could also result in unanticipated costs or obligations.

Market and business conditions following the merger may differ from expectations, and the combined company may face increased competition or changes in customer, supplier, or employee relationships. The anticipated benefits of the merger, including cost savings and revenue synergies, may not be realized in full or within the expected timeframe. These factors, individually or in combination, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have a substantial portfolio of commercial and multi-family real estate, as well as commercial and industrial loans, and we intend to continue increasing originations of these loan types. These loans carry credit risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our portfolio included commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, and commercial and industrial loans totaling $~~683~~765.97 million, constituting approximately 5864.21% of our total loans and leases. Commercial loans typically involve larger principal amounts than other types of loans, and some of our commercial borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development related to a single commercial loan or credit relationship poses a significantly greater risk of loss compared to one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Repayment of commercial loans often depends on the cash flow generated by the business or property involved, making them more sensitive to adverse conditions in the real estate market, business climate, or ~~economy~~broader economic environment. For loans secured by non-owner-occupied properties, repayments rely heavily on tenant rent payments, and ~~downturns~~softening ~~in the~~ real estate ~~market~~conditions or weaker economic ~~conditions~~activity heighten repayment risks. In addition, many of our commercial real estate loans are not fully amortizing and require large balloon payments upon maturity, which may necessitate the borrower to sell or refinance the property, increasing the risk of default.

Commercial ~~business~~and industrial loans typically are made based on the cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. A borrower's cash flow can be unpredictable, and collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. For loans secured by accounts receivable, repayment is often ~~dependent~~depends on the borrower's ability to collect from clients, while other forms of collateral may be difficult to appraise, illiquid, or ~~affected~~subject byto ~~business~~risks ~~success~~tied to the borrower's operating performance. Increases in reserves and charge-offs related to our commercial and industrial loan portfolio could materially impact our business, financial condition, ~~operations~~operating results, and prospects.

In recent years, the commercial real estate market has experienced ~~substantial~~periods ~~growth~~of stabilization, ~~with~~and ~~increased~~selective ~~competition~~improvement ~~contributing~~in tocertain ~~historically~~property ~~low~~types ~~capitalization rates~~ and ~~rising~~markets ~~property~~have ~~values.~~occurred; ~~However~~however, ~~the~~many ~~economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted this market. The pandemic also accelerated the adoption of remote work~~segments, ~~which~~particularly ~~has~~office ~~led~~and ~~many~~other ~~companies~~properties tosensitive ~~re-evaluate their long-term real estate needs. While some businesses are returning~~ to ~~traditional~~broader ~~office~~economic ~~environments~~trends, ~~others~~continue ~~are downsizing or shifting~~ to ~~hybrid~~experience ~~models,~~pressure. ~~creating~~Elevated ~~uncertainty~~interest inrates ~~demand for office spaces~~ and ~~other~~shifts ~~commercial~~in ~~properties.~~market ~~This~~demand ~~trend~~have ~~could~~contributed ~~result~~to inelevated ~~prolonged~~ vacancies, ~~declining~~reduced rental income, and ~~reduced~~continued ~~property~~valuation ~~values,~~risk. These trends could adversely ~~affecting~~affect the performance of our commercial real estate loan portfolio. ~~Federal~~and ~~banking~~may ~~regulators~~prompt ~~also~~regulatory ~~have~~scrutiny ~~raised~~or ~~concerns~~heightened ~~about~~supervisory ~~weaknesses in the commercial real estate market~~expectations.

Failures in our risk management policies and controls could lead to higher delinquencies and losses, adversely affecting our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We have focused on growing our construction and development loan portfolio in recent years, which adds additional risks to our loan portfolio.

As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our construction and development loans totaled $~~132~~71.67 million, accounting for approximately 116.30% of our total loan portfolio. This ~~comprises~~portfolio is comprised of $~~126~~65.2 million in commercial construction loans and $6.35 million in residential real estate construction loans, reflecting a substantial increase from the $58.4 million, constituting 7.8% of total loans, reported at December 31, 2020.

Engaging in construction lending inherently carries higher credit risk compared to long-term financing for improved, owner-occupied real estate. Loans granted for properties not yet approved for planned development or improvements pose the risk of potential denials or delays in necessary approvals. Additionally, the risk of loss on a construction loan heavily relies on the accuracy of initial property value estimates upon completion compared to the estimated construction costs (inclusive of interest) and other assumptions. Inaccurate cost estimates may necessitate additional fund disbursements beyond the committed amount to protect the property's value. Moreover, misjudgment in estimating the completed project's value may result in the borrower holding a property insufficient to fully repay the construction loan upon its sale. Delays or cost overruns in construction can compound risks, especially when repayments rely on property sales or rentals to third parties, which may not transpire as anticipated. The sale of properties under construction is often challenging and typically requires completion for successful transactions, complicating the handling of problematic construction loans.

Speculative construction loans carry additional risks, including the borrower's ability to secure a take-out commitment for a permanent loan. Loans associated with undeveloped land or future construction also present added risks due to the lack of income generation from the property and its potential illiquid nature as collateral. Furthermore, various risks, such as fraudulent diversion of construction funds, mechanics' liens filed by contractors, subcontractors, or suppliers, and potential contractor

~~diversion of construction funds, mechanics' liens filed by contractors, subcontractors, or suppliers, and potential contractor~~ failures in completing projects, contribute to the complexity and uncertainties associated with construction and development loans.

Our portfolio of loans with a higher risk of loss is increasing and the unseasoned nature of such loans could lead to misjudgments in collectability, triggering additional provisions or charge-offs, impacting our profits.

Our commercial loan portfolio, which includes commercial and multi-family real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and construction loans, has increased to $~~816~~837.54 million, or 6970.52% of total loans and leases, at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 from $~~226~~436.93 million, or 4858.57% of total loans and leases, at December 31, ~~2016~~2020. A significant portion of this portfolio is composed of unseasoned loans, meaning they were recently originated. Due to our limited history with these borrowers, we lack a comprehensive payment history to effectively assess the likelihood of future collectability. Furthermore, many of these loans have not yet been tested under adverse economic conditions. As a result, predicting the future performance of this segment of our loan portfolio remains challenging. These loans may experience higher delinquency or charge-off rates compared to our historical averages, which could negatively impact our future performance.

If we are unable to maintain and grow revenue from our leasing business our future revenue and earnings may be adversely impacted.

Our lease financing operation consists of direct financing leases which are used by commercial customers to finance purchases such as medical, computer and manufacturing equipment, audio/visual equipment, industrial assets, construction and transportation equipment, and a wide variety of other commercial equipment. Revenue generated from our leasing business accounted for 13.53% and 1513.35% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively.

We rely solely on brokers and other third-party originators to generate our lease transactions. To generate deal flow, we work with over 100 brokers and third-party originators across the country, some of which are one-person shops and others more established companies, with most of the volume coming from fewer than 25 referral sources. None of our relationships are exclusive and any may be terminated at any time. During ~~2024~~2025, of our $6169.64 million in lease originations, the top five brokers/third party originators accounted for approximately 5246.01% of our total volume of lease originations, one of whom accounted for approximately 1411.48% of our total volume of lease originations. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our top 25 brokers/third party originators collectively accounted for 8382.67% of our total direct financing lease portfolio, with our largest broker/third party originator accounting for 12.20% of the portfolio. Losing top brokers or third-party originators, or their customers, without finding comparable alternatives, could decrease leasing volume, leading to potential revenue decline, materially impacting our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our leasing business exposes us to different credit risks than our real estate secured lending.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, direct financing leases totaled $~~148~~145.18 million, or 12.62% of our total loan and lease portfolio. Our direct financing leases, while short term in nature, are inherently risky as they are secured by assets that depreciate rapidly. In some cases, repossessed collateral may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding lease balance and the remaining deficiency may not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower. Also, if a lessee under a defaulted lease files for protection under the bankruptcy laws, then: (i) we may experience difficulties and delays in recovering the equipment from the defaulting party; (ii) the equipment may be returned in poor condition; and (iii) we may be unable to enforce important contract provisions against the insolvent party. We do not expect to be able to recover software that we lease or finance for a customer that is not on a computer’s hard drive and, even if we could do so, we generally would not be able to lease or sell the same software again under the terms of use required by the software vendors.

Finance leasing collections depend on the customer's continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by the cash flows of the business within certain industries. Factors that may adversely affect the ability of our customers to meet their repayment plans include, among other things, their inability to implement their business plans or to meet their sales targets, any downturn in the markets or industries in which they operate, or any declines in general economic conditions. There is no guarantee that the financial condition of our customers will remain healthy in the future, that our customers will continue to fulfill their repayment obligations on time, or that any of our customers will not ultimately default on their leases. As a result, we cannot assure you that our profitability or the demand for our leasing services from our customers will be maintained at historical levels.

Moreover, approximately $5155.1 million or 3437.47% of our total lease portfolio is to customers located in California, New York, Florida, and ~~Arkansas~~Texas. Adverse economic conditions within these market areas may reduce our leasing volume and affect

our customers' ability to make lease payments, resulting in higher defaults, which may result in our inability to fully recover our investment in the related equipment and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If our allowance for credit losses is not sufficient to cover actual losses, our earnings could decrease.

We periodically review our allowance for credit losses for adequacy considering economic conditions and trends, collateral values and credit quality indicators, including past charge-off experience and levels of past due loans and nonperforming assets. We cannot be certain that our allowance for credit losses will be adequate over time to cover credit losses in our portfolio because of unanticipated adverse changes in the economy, market conditions or events adversely affecting specific customers, industries or markets, and changes in borrower behaviors. Differences between our actual experience and assumptions and the effectiveness of our models may adversely affect our business, financial condition, including liquidity and capital, and results of operations. Deterioration in economic conditions, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans or relationships, and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may increase our loan charge-offs and/or otherwise require an increase in our provision for credit losses on loans. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for credit losses. Based on their assessment, they may require additional provisions for credit losses or loan charge-offs. Any increase in the provision for credit losses affects net income and could materially impact our financial condition, results of operations, and capital.

Reliance on lead institutions for credit quality updates in loan participations may expose us to financial, regulatory, and reputational risks.

We participate in loan participation agreements in which we are not the lead lender and rely on lead institutions to provide timely and accurate updates on changes in the credit quality of the underlying loans. If these institutions fail to deliver such updates in a timely manner, we may misstate our allowance for credit losses, which could result in unanticipated credit losses. Additionally, our dependence on lead institutions exposes us to counterparty risk, as financial distress or operational failures on their part may impair our ability to assess and manage credit risk effectively. Inadequate reporting of credit quality changes could also result in non-compliance with regulatory requirements, potentially leading to regulatory scrutiny, fines, or other enforcement actions. Moreover, delays or inaccuracies in credit updates could damage our reputation, eroding investor and ~~stakeholder~~customer confidence in our risk management practices. Failure to properly assess and disclose risks associated with loan participations may further expose us to legal liabilities, including litigation from investors or regulatory agencies alleging mismanagement or inadequate disclosures. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we held $~~104~~83.4 million in loan participations in which we were not the lead lender.

Changes in the valuation of our securities portfolio could hurt our profits and reduce our capital levels.

Our securities portfolio is impacted by fluctuations in market value, potentially reducing accumulated other comprehensive income and/or earnings. Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market interest rates, lower market prices for securities and limited investor demand. Management evaluates securities for impairment on a quarterly basis, with more frequent evaluation for selected issues. In analyzing a debt issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, industry analysts’ reports, and, ~~to a lesser extent given the relatively insignificant levels of depreciation in our debt portfolio,~~ spread differentials between the effective rates on instruments in the portfolio compared to risk-free rates. In analyzing an equity issuer’s financial condition, management considers industry analysts’ reports, financial performance and projected target prices of investment analysts within a one-year time frame. If this evaluation shows impairment to the actual or projected cash flows associated with one or more securities, a potential loss to earnings may occur. Changes in interest rates can also have an adverse effect on our financial condition, as our available-for-sale securities are reported at their estimated fair value, and therefore are impacted by fluctuations in interest rates. We increase or decrease our stockholders’ equity by the amount of change in the estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities, net of taxes. Declines in market value could result in impairments of these assets, which would lead to accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our net income and capital levels. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had no securities that were deemed impaired.

A tightening of credit markets and liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition.

Liquidity is essential to the operation of our business. A tightening of the credit markets or the inability to obtain adequate funding to replace deposits and support continued loan growth could negatively impact asset growth, earnings capability, and capital levels. To meet potential liquidity demands, we rely on several sources. Our primary sources of liquidity include increases in deposit accounts, including brokered deposits, as well as cash flows from loan payments and our securities

portfolio. Additionally, borrowings, particularly from the Federal Home Loan Bank and through repurchase agreements, provide us with an important source of funds.

An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans, or other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our access to adequate funding, whether through deposits or other means, could be impaired by factors specific to us, or by broader issues affecting the financial services industry or the economy in general. Potential factors that could adversely affect our access to liquidity include adverse regulatory actions, a decrease in our business activity due to a downturn in the markets where our loans are concentrated, or a loss of depositor confidence in our ability to meet withdrawal demands. Additionally, our ability to borrow could be affected by factors beyond our control, such as disruptions in the financial markets, negative views about the financial services industry, or deterioration in credit markets.

We use estimates in determining the fair value of certain assets, such as mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). If our estimates prove to be incorrect, we may be required to write down the value of these assets, which could adversely affect our earnings.

We sell a portion of our one- to four-family loans in the secondary market. We generally retain the right to service these loans through First Bank Richmond. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the book value of our MSRs was $21.09 million. We ~~use~~utilize a financial model that uses, wherever possible, quoted market prices to value our MSRs. This model is complex and also uses assumptions related to interest and discount rates, prepayment speeds, delinquency and foreclosure rates and ancillary fee income. Valuations are highly dependent upon the reasonableness of our assumptions and the predictability of the relationships that drive the results of the model. The primary risk associated with MSRs is that they will lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of higher than anticipated prepayments occasioned by declining interest rates. Conversely, these assets generally increase in value in a rising interest rate environment to the extent that prepayments are slower than anticipated. If prepayment speeds increase more than estimated, or delinquency and default levels are higher than anticipated, we may be required to write down the value of our MSRs, which could have a material adverse effect on our net income and capital levels. We obtain independent valuations quarterly to determine if impairment in the asset exists.

If our investment in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis becomes impaired, our earnings and stockholders’ equity could decrease.

At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we owned $13.9 million in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Indianapolis stock. We are required to own this stock to be a member of and to obtain advances from the FHLB of Indianapolis. This stock is not marketable and can only be redeemed by the FHLB of Indianapolis. The FHLB of Indianapolis’ financial condition is linked, in part, to the eleven other members of the FHLB System and to accounting rules and asset quality risks that could materially lower their capital, which would cause our FHLB of Indianapolis stock to be deemed impaired, resulting in a decrease in our earnings and assets.

Our size makes it ~~more~~ difficult for us to compete.

Our asset size makes it ~~more~~ difficult to compete with other financial institutions that are larger and can more easily afford to invest in the marketing and technologies needed to attract and retain customers. Because our principal source of income is the net interest income we earn on our loans and investments after deducting interest paid on deposits and other sources of funds, our ability to generate the revenues needed to cover our expenses and finance such investments is limited by the size of our loan and investment portfolios. Accordingly, we are not always able to offer new products and services as quickly as our competitors. Our lower earnings may also make it more difficult to offer competitive salaries and benefits. In addition, our smaller customer base may make it difficult to generate meaningful non-interest income from such activities as securities brokerage or the sale of insurance products. Finally, as a smaller institution, we are disproportionately affected by the continually increasing costs of compliance with new banking and other regulations.

As a community bank, maintaining our reputation in our market area is critical to the success of our business, and the failure to do so may materially adversely affect our performance.

We are a community bank, and our reputation is one of the most valuable components of our business. A key component of our business strategy is to rely on our reputation for customer service and knowledge of local markets to expand our presence by capturing new business opportunities from existing and prospective customers in our current market and contiguous areas. As such, we strive to conduct our business in a manner that enhances our reputation. This is done, in part, by recruiting, hiring and retaining employees who share our core values of being an integral part of the communities we serve, delivering superior service to our customers and caring about our customers and associates. We operate in many different financial service businesses and rely on the ability of our employees and systems to process a significant number of

transactions. Operational risk is the risk of loss from operations, including fraud by employees or outside persons, employees’ execution of incorrect or unauthorized transactions, data processing and technology errors or hacking and breaches of internal control systems. If our reputation is negatively affected by the actions of our employees, by our inability to conduct our operations in a manner that is appealing to current or prospective customers, or otherwise, our business and, therefore, our operating results may be materially adversely affected.

We face significant operational risks because the financial services business involves a high volume of transactions and because of our reliance on technology.

Our business requires us to collect, process, transmit and store significant amounts of confidential information regarding our customers, employees and our own business, operations, plans and business strategies. Our operational and security systems infrastructure, including our computer systems, data management and internal processes, as well as those of third parties, are integral to our performance. Our operational risks include the risk of malfeasance by employees or persons outside our company, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, systems failures or interruptions, breaches of our internal control systems and compliance requirements, and business continuation and disaster recovery. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential for legal actions that could arise as a result of operational deficiencies or as a result of non-compliance with applicable regulatory standards or customer attrition due to potential negative publicity.

In the event of a breakdown in our internal control systems, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions, or a breach of our security systems, including if confidential or proprietary information were to be mishandled, misused or lost, we could suffer financial loss, face regulatory action, civil litigation and/or suffer damage to our reputation. Although we have not experienced any material technology failures, cyber-attacks or other information or security breaches, or material losses related to any such events to date, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such events, losses or other consequences in the future. Our risk and exposure to these matters remain heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of these threats and our role as a provider of financial services, our continuous transmission of sensitive information to, and storage of such information by, third parties, including our vendors and regulators, the outsourcing of some of our business operations, threats of cyber-terrorism, and system and customer account updates and conversions. As a result, cyber-security and the continued development and enhancement of our controls, processes and practices designed to protect our systems, computers, software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain an area of substantial concern.

Our information systems may experience failure, interruption or breach in security.

Our business heavily relies on electronic communication and information systems, serving as the backbone for our operations and storage of sensitive data. Any disruption, failure, or breach in the security of these systems could significantly disrupt our operations. Cybersecurity threats encompass a range of incidents, including unauthorized access attempts, data breaches, computer viruses, and denial-of-service attacks. These events may lead to data theft, misuse, loss, or destruction, compromising confidential customer information, account takeovers, or service unavailability. These threats can stem from multiple sources, ranging from human errors to deliberate acts of malice from internal or external parties, or even unforeseen technological failures. ~~Despite~~The ~~our proactive measures, including encryption, authentication technologies, and extensive education initiatives for both employees and customers, the~~ expanding use of cloud services and remote work technologies exposes us to heightened vulnerability to cyber-attacks. The risk associated with security breaches or disruptions, especially those stemming from cyber-attacks, has become more pronounced due to the increasing sophistication and frequency of global intrusion attempts. Despite our continuous efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information systems and implement robust risk management strategies, there's is an inherent challenge. Cyber-attacks often evolve at a pace that makes it difficult to proactively anticipate and mitigate them effectively. The dynamic nature of these threats means it's nearly impossible to entirely eliminate the risk. In the unfortunate event of a cyber-attack, delayed identification or response to the breach could significantly worsen its impact on our business, financial standing, and operational integrity. While we maintain specialized cyber insurance coverage, it may not cover every potential breach scenario, leaving certain instances uncovered.

The repercussions of a security breach or major disruption to our information systems, as well as those of our customers, merchants, or third-party vendors, can be extensive. This includes disrupting operations, unauthorized access to sensitive information, potential legal violations, increased regulatory scrutiny, civil litigation, resource-intensive efforts to rectify the situation, damage to our reputation, or loss of customers. Any of these scenarios could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial position, and operational outcomes.

Our operations rely on certain external vendors.

We rely on certain external vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations. These third-party vendors are sources of operational and informational security risks to us, including risks associated with operational errors, information system failures, interruptions or breaches and unauthorized disclosures of sensitive or confidential client or customer information. If these vendors encounter any of these issues, or if we have difficulty communicating with them, we could be exposed to disruption of operations, loss of service or connectivity to customers, reputational damage, and litigation risk that could have a material adverse effect on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements. Although we have selected these external vendors carefully, we do not control their actions. The failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements, because of changes in the vendor's organizational structure, financial condition, support for existing products and services or strategic focus or for any other reason, could be disruptive to our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, and in turn, our financial condition and results of operations. Replacing these external vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.

Our current and future uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies may create additional risks.

The increasing adoption of AI in financial services presents significant opportunities but also introduces a range of risks that could impact our operations, regulatory compliance, and customer trust. AI introduces model risk, where flawed algorithms or biased data could result in inaccurate credit decisions, compliance violations, or discriminatory outcomes in lending or customer service. Cybersecurity threats, such as data breaches, adversarial attacks, and data poisoning, pose significant challenges, particularly as these systems handle large volumes of sensitive customer information. Additionally, the opaque nature of some AI models, often referred to as "black-box" systems, raises regulatory compliance concerns, as regulators increasingly require transparency and explainability in AI-driven decision-making.

Operational risks also arise from potential system failures, over-reliance on AI, and integration challenges with existing infrastructure. Disruptions in AI systems could impact critical functions such as fraud detection, transaction monitoring, and customer support. Ethical and reputational risks, including unintended consequences or perceived unfairness in AI-driven decisions, may erode customer trust and expose us to regulatory scrutiny.

Mitigating these risks requires a robust governance framework, regularly testing and auditing of AI models, and strong human oversight. Investments in cybersecurity, data privacy protections, and employee training are critical to managing these risks.

We are subject to environmental liability risk associated with lending activities on properties we own.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate, and we could become subject to environmental liabilities with respect to one or more of these properties, or with respect to properties that we own in operating our business. During the ordinary course of business, we may foreclose on and take title to properties securing defaulted loans. In doing so, there is a risk that hazardous or toxic substances could be found on these properties. If hazardous conditions or toxic substances are found ~~on these properties~~, we may be liable for remediation costs, as well as for personal injury and property damage, civil fines and criminal penalties regardless of when the hazardous conditions or toxic substances first affected any particular property. Environmental laws may require us to incur substantial expenses to address unknown liabilities and may materially reduce the affected property’s value or limit our ability to use or sell the affected property. In addition, future laws or more stringent interpretations or enforcement policies with respect to existing laws may increase our exposure to environmental liability. Our policies, which require us to perform an environmental review before initiating any foreclosure action on non-residential real property, may not be sufficient to detect all potential environmental hazards. The remediation costs and any other financial liabilities associated with an environmental hazard could have a material adverse effect on us.

Regulatory and Accounting Related Risks

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state laws and regulations that could increase our costs of operations.

The banking industry is extensively regulated. Federal banking regulations are designed primarily to protect the deposit insurance funds and consumers, not to benefit a company's shareholders. These regulations may sometimes impose significant limitations on our operations. These regulations, along with the currently existing tax, accounting, securities, insurance, and monetary laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations control the methods by which financial institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives and tax compliance, and govern financial reporting and disclosures. These laws, regulations, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations are constantly evolving and may change significantly over time. Any new regulations or legislation, change in existing regulation or oversight, whether a change in regulatory policy or a change in a regulator's interpretation of a law or regulation, could have a material impact on our operations, increase our costs of regulatory compliance and of doing business and adversely affect our profitability. Further, our failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could result in civil or criminal sanctions and money penalties by state and federal agencies, and/or reputation damage, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Part I, Item 1. Business - How We Are Regulated." for more information about the regulations to which we are subject.

Changes in laws and regulations and the cost of regulatory compliance with new laws and regulations may adversely affect our operations and/or increase our costs of operations.

First Bank Richmond is subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the FDIC and the IDFI, and Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve Board. Such regulation and supervision govern the activities in which an institution and its holding company may engage and are intended primarily for the protection of the federal deposit insurance fund and the depositors of First Bank Richmond, rather than for our stockholders. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on our operations, the classification of our assets and determination of the level of our allowance for credit losses. These regulations, along with existing tax, accounting, securities, insurance and monetary laws, rules, standards, policies, and interpretations, control the methods by which financial institutions conduct business, implement strategic initiatives and tax compliance, and govern financial reporting and disclosures. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our operations. Further, changes in accounting standards can be both difficult to predict and involve judgment and discretion in their interpretation by us and our independent accounting firm. These changes could materially impact, potentially even retroactively, how we report our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to an extensive body of accounting rules and best practices. Periodic changes to such rules may change the treatment of critical financial line items and affect our profitability.

Our business operations are significantly influenced by the extensive body of accounting regulations in the United States. Regulatory bodies periodically issue new guidance, altering accounting rules and reporting requirements, which can substantially affect the preparation and reporting of our financial statements. These changes ~~might~~may necessitate retrospective application, potentially leading to restatements of prior period financial statements.

One such recent significant change ~~in 2023~~ was the implementation of the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) model, which we adopted on January 1, 2023. Under the CECL model, financial assets carried at amortized cost, such as loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, ~~will~~are be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. This forward-looking approach in estimating expected credit losses contrasts starkly with the former GAAP's "incurred loss" model, delaying recognition until a loss is probable. CECL mandates considering historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts affecting collectability, leading to periodic adjustments of financial asset values. However, this forward-looking methodology, reliant on macroeconomic variables, introduces the potential for increased earnings volatility due to unexpected changes in these indicators between periods.

An additional consequence of CECL is an accounting asymmetry between loan-related income, recognized periodically based on the effective interest method, and credit losses, recognized upfront at origination. This asymmetry might create the perception of reduced profitability during loan expansion periods due to the immediate recognition of expected credit losses. Conversely, periods with stable or declining loan levels might seem relatively more profitable as income accrues gradually for loans where losses had been previously recognized.

losses. Conversely, periods with stable or declining loan levels might seem relatively more profitable as income accrues gradually for loans where losses had been previously recognized.

Climate change and related legislative and regulatory initiatives may materially affect the Company’s business and results of operations.

The effects of climate change continue to raise significant concerns about the state of the environment. However, under the new Trump administration, federal policy may shift to reduce the emphasis on climate change initiatives and environmental regulations. This could include scaling back federal participation in international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, and reducing regulatory pressures on businesses, including banks, to address climate-related risks. Legislative and regulatory proposals aimed at combating climate change may face greater scrutiny or diminished priority.41

The effects of climate change continue to raise significant concerns about the state of the environment. Federal and state policy approaches to climate change continue to evolve, and changes in legislative or regulatory priorities could alter the requirements and expectations placed on businesses, including banks, to address climate-related risks.

The lack of empirical data regarding the financial and credit risks posed by climate change makes it difficult to predict its specific impact on our financial condition and results of operations. However, the physical effects of climate change, such as more frequent and severe weather disasters, could directly affect us. For instance, such events may damage real property securing loans in our portfolio or reduce the value of that collateral. If our borrowers' insurance is insufficient to cover these losses or if insurance becomes unavailable, the value of the collateral securing our loans could be negatively affected, potentially impacting our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, climate change may adversely affect regional and local economic activity, harming our customers and the communities in which we operate. Regardless of changes in federal policy, the effects of climate change and their unknown long-term impacts could still have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Other Risks

We may elect or be compelled to seek additional capital in the future, but that capital may not be available when it is needed or on terms acceptable to us.

We are required by federal regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations. We believe the net proceeds of our initial public offering will be sufficient to permit us to maintain regulatory compliance for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, we may elect to raise more capital to support our business or to finance acquisitions, if any, or we may otherwise elect or be required to raise additional capital in the future. Our ability to raise additional capital, if needed, will depend on conditions in the capital markets, economic conditions and a number of other factors, many of which are outside our control, and on our financial performance. We cannot assure you of our ability to raise additional capital if needed or on terms acceptable to us. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, or if the terms of such a capital raise are not advantageous, it may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

~~Increasing~~Scrutiny ~~scrutiny~~ and evolving expectations from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders with respect to our environmental, social and governance practices may impose additional costs on us or expose us to new or additional risks.

~~Companies~~In ~~are~~recent ~~facing~~years, ~~increasing~~companies have faced scrutiny from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders related to their environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) practices and disclosure. Investor advocacy groups, investment funds, and influential investors are also ~~increasingly~~ focused on these practices, especially as they relate to the environment, health and safety, diversity, labor conditions, and human rights. ~~Increased~~ ESG-related compliance costs could result in increases to our overall operational costs. Failure to adapt to or comply with regulatory requirements, or investor or stakeholder expectations and standards, could negatively impact our reputation, ability to do business with certain partners, and our stock price.

Recent changes in the regulatory landscape ~~under~~and ~~the~~shifting ~~new~~federal ~~administration~~priorities have moved toward a reduction in emphasis on certain ESG priorities, particularly around climate change and diversity, equity, and inclusion ("DEI"). This shift ishas ~~leading~~led to ~~the~~a rollback of regulations that mandate specific disclosures and operational practices in these areas. However, some stakeholder groups continue to demand greater transparency and action, resulting in a complex and potentially conflicting environment for companies. If regulatory enforcement of ESG-related policies becomes less stringent, companies may face reputational risks if their practices are seen as insufficient or inconsistent with broader societal expectations, especially related to DEI and environmental stewardship. As a result, navigating this evolving regulatory and public opinion landscape may require us to balance compliance with regulatory requirements against maintaining investor, customer, and stakeholder trust.

There may be future sales of additional common stock or preferred stock or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We are not restricted from issuing additional common stock or preferred stock, including any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or preferred stock or any substantially similar securities. The market value of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by us of a large number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or similar securities in the market or the perception that such sales could occur.

Our board of directors is authorized to allow us to issue additional common stock, as well as classes or series of preferred stock, generally without any action on the part of the stockholders. In addition, the board has the power, generally without stockholder approval, to set the terms of any such classes or series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights and preferences over the common stock with respect to dividends or upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our business and other terms. If we issue preferred stock in the future that has a preference over the common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of the common stock, the rights of holders of the common stock or the market value of the common stock could be adversely affected.

voting rights, dividend rights and preferences over the common stock with respect to dividends or upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our business and other terms. If we issue preferred stock in the future that has a preference over the common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of the common stock, the rights of holders of the common stock or the market value of the common stock could be adversely affected.

You may not receive dividends on our common stock.

Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive such dividends as our board of directors may declare out of funds legally available for such payments. The declaration and payment of future cash dividends will be subject to, among other things, regulatory restrictions, our then current and projected consolidated operating results, financial condition, tax considerations, future growth plans, general economic conditions, and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation ~~will~~depends ~~depend~~ primarily upon the proceeds it retained from ~~the~~its initial public offering as well as earnings of First Bank Richmond to provide funds to pay dividends on our common stock. The payment of dividends by First Bank Richmond is also subject to certain regulatory restrictions. Federal law generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) to its parent holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be or continue to be undercapitalized, and dividends by a depository institution are subject to additional limitations. As a result, any payment of dividends in the future by Richmond Mutual Bancorporation may depend on First Bank Richmond’s ability to satisfy these regulatory restrictions and its earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company's Information Security Program ("ISP") is a robust framework overseen by the Information Technology Board Committee ("ITBC") and the IT Steering Committee ("ITSC"). These committees play a pivotal role in managing technology and cyber risks, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, and fostering a controlled risk environment.

The ITBC ~~meets~~and ~~quarterly, while the~~ ITSC ~~meets~~meet ~~monthly~~quarterly. Meeting minutes from the ITSC are regularly submitted to the Board for review. These two committees jointly oversee the organization's information technology and cyber risk posture, focusing on the assessment of information and cybersecurity risks. Evaluated risks are subject to rigorous controls, ensuring both design and operational effectiveness and adherence to regulatory requirements. In instances where a risk is identified as inadequately controlled, remediation measures are implemented to reduce the risk to an acceptable level. This commitment to ongoing assessment and responsiveness enhances our ability to adapt to emerging threats and maintain a proactive stance in managing risks effectively.

The identification of risks is a multifaceted process that involves a range of activities. This includes monitoring of guidance issued by regulatory authorities, participating in professional forums, conducting both internal and external audits, collaborating with third-party services, reviewing policies, and adhering to best practice frameworks including Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council ("FFIEC") guidance and information security requirements established in the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act, along with other relevant state laws and agency regulations. For instance, as part of our risk management framework, we regularly assess phishing threats targeting employees, conduct simulated attack exercises, and implement enhanced endpoint detection solutions. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of maintaining a collaborative relationship with third-party service providers/vendors. This collaborative approach enhances our risk management capabilities and ensures a shared commitment to maintaining a secure information environment.

~~implement~~a ~~enhanced~~unified ~~endpoint~~and ~~detection~~effective ~~solutions~~response. ~~Furthermore,~~In weaddition ~~emphasize~~to incident response, the ~~importance~~Company ofimplements ~~maintaining~~robust adata ~~collaborative~~protection ~~relationship~~measures, ~~with~~including ~~third~~encryption protocols, multi-~~party~~factor ~~service~~authentication, ~~providers/vendors~~and data loss prevention controls, to safeguard sensitive information. ~~This~~To ~~collaborative~~ensure ~~approach~~we ~~enhances~~can keep our ~~risk~~operations ~~management~~running ~~capabilities~~smoothly, we maintain and ~~ensures~~regularly atest ~~shared~~our ~~commitment~~business tocontinuity ~~maintaining~~and disaster recovery plans. These measures help minimize disruption and ensure a ~~secure~~swift ~~information~~recovery ~~environment~~in the event of a cybersecurity incident.

Moreover, our commitment to robust risk management extends to the maintenance of a comprehensive Security Incident Response Plan ("SIRP"). This SIRP serves as a framework for effectively addressing and mitigating security incidents. Within this plan, we integrate accessible resources to fortify our response capabilities. This includes establishing collaborative partnerships with insurance providers, regulatory agencies, and law enforcement agencies, ensuring a seamless and coordinated approach in the event of a security incident. Recognizing the interdependence of our practices with service providers and vendors, we actively engage with our partners during the notification and investigation processes following a security incident. This collaborative effort is designed to foster complete visibility into the nature and scope of security risks and events, enabling a unified and effective response. In addition to incident response, the Company implements robust data protection measures, including encryption protocols, multi-factor authentication, and data loss prevention controls, to safeguard sensitive information. To ensure we can keep our operations running smoothly, we maintain and regularly test our business continuity and disaster recovery plans. These measures help minimize disruption and ensure a swift recovery in the event of a cybersecurity incident.

Our SIRP is dynamic and adaptable, evolving in tandem with the ever-changing cybersecurity landscape. By regularly updating and refining our response strategies, we remain prepared to confront emerging threats. The Company also maintains a cyber insurance policy as part of its overall risk management strategy to mitigate financial losses in the event of a cybersecurity incident.

As of the reporting period, the Company has not experienced any material cybersecurity events or incidents. Although third-party service providers have encountered cybersecurity events or incidents, these occurrences have not resulted in a material impact on our systems, computing environments, or data. In determining materiality, the Company evaluates factors such as potential financial loss, operational disruptions, regulatory implications, and reputational harm. The Company remains committed to enhancing its cybersecurity defenses through ongoing risk assessments, investment in technology, and adherence to industry best practices.

Governance

Our Board, supported by the ITBC and the ITSC, actively oversees our processes for management of cybersecurity risks and threats. The Board's responsibilities include the ongoing administration of the ISP, conducting an annual review, and granting approval. Regular reviews of reports by both the Board and the ITBC, submitted by the ITSC, ensure timely awareness of emerging concerns and facilitate continuous enhancements to our cybersecurity posture. In addition to governance oversight, the Board designates key roles crucial for effective cybersecurity management. This includes appointing the Information Security Officer ("ISO"), Chief Information Officer ("CIO"), and Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO"). The ISO and CIO roles are filled jointly by one individual, who has been with the organization for 2021 years with over 25 years of experience in information technology. Our Chief Compliance Officer has been with the organization for over 37 years, with over 15 years of experience in compliance. These professionals bring diverse qualifications, certifications, and experience, ensuring a comprehensive approach to our information security initiatives. These qualifications and certifications include Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) and Certified Banking Security Manager (CBSM).

Our governance structure ensures a comprehensive approach to managing cybersecurity risks and threats, aligning with the Board-approved ISP. The ITBC, which is comprised of several Board members, the CIO, ISO, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer, is responsible for establishing and updating the Company's Risk Appetite Statement. The ITSC, appointed by the Board of Directors and comprised of the CIO, ISO, CCO and various other representatives from each area of the Bank, is responsible for overseeing ISP compliance. This involves delineating lines of responsibility and accountability for information security risk management decisions. The ITSC also reviews and approves significant changes to our control environments, ensuring that outside independent organizations conduct annual vulnerability assessments and penetration tests. Furthermore, they examine reports submitted by the ISO.

The ISO is responsible for reporting, at least annually, to the Board of Directors on the status of the ISP, including overall compliance, risk management, vendor management, audit and testing results, breaches and incidents, and recommended updates to the ISP. The Board also receives quarterly cybersecurity briefings that include updates on emerging threats, results of cybersecurity risk assessments, and the effectiveness of current controls. These discussions inform strategic decision-making and resource allocation for cybersecurity investments.

Item 2. Properties

We currently operate out of our corporate headquarters/financial center and 1213 full-service offices, ~~all~~12 of which are owned by us, and one of which is leased, as well as one drive through facility used for existing customer transaction purposes ~~only and one loan production office~~, ~~both of~~ which ~~are~~is also leased. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the net book value of our real properties, including land, was $1213.94 million. See also Note 67 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the facilities are adequate and suitable for our current needs. We may open additional banking offices to better serve current clients and to attract new clients in subsequent years.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not involved in any pending legal proceedings as a plaintiff or defendant other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business, and at December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we were not involved in any legal proceedings, the outcome of which would be material to our financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The common stock of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "RMBI." There were approximately ~~434~~418 shareholders of record of our common stock as of March 2723, ~~2025~~2026.

Our cash dividend payout policy is reviewed regularly by management and the Board of Directors. During the year ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company paid cash dividends equal to $0.5660 per common share. Any dividends declared and paid in the future would depend upon a number of factors, including capital requirements, our financial condition and results of operations, tax considerations, statutory and regulatory limitations, and general economic conditions. No assurances can be given that any dividends will be paid or that, if paid, will not be reduced or eliminated in future periods. Our future payment of dividends may depend, in part, upon receipt of dividends from First Bank Richmond, which are restricted by federal regulations.

Equity Compensation Plan Information. The equity compensation plan information presented in Part III, Item 12 of this Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. The following table sets forth information with respect to our repurchases of our outstanding common shares during the three months ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025:

	Total number of shares purchased	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (1)
October 1, 2024 - October 31, 2024	25,696	$	13.05	25,696	581,106
October 1, 2025 - October 31, 2025	—	$	—	—	—
November 1, 2024 - November 30, 2024	41,729	13.45		41,729	539,377
November 1, 2025 - November 30, 2025	—	—		—	—
December 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024	66,433	14.63		66,433	472,944
December 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025	—	—		—	—
	133,858	$	13.95	133,858
	—	$	—	—

(1) OnThe ~~June 6, 2023, the~~ Company ~~announced~~did ~~that~~not ~~the~~have ~~Board~~a ofpublicly ~~Directors~~announced ~~approved an amendment to the Company's existing~~ stock repurchase program ~~authorizing the purchase of up to 321,386 shares of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock~~ in ~~addition~~place toduring the ~~827,554~~quarter ~~shares~~ended ~~remaining~~December ~~available for repurchase at that date under the existing program~~31, and extending the stock repurchase program's expiration date to June 6, 2024, unless completed sooner. On May 16, 2024, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved an extension of the Company's existing stock repurchase program, now set to expire on June 6, 2025.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain ~~matters~~statements contained in this Form 10-K may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, and are based on certain assumptions and expectations regarding future events. These statements are generally identified by ~~use of~~ words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,” “outlook,” or similar expressions, or by future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” ~~and~~or “could.” These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

•statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

•statements regarding the quality of our loan, lease, and investment portfolios;

•statements regarding the ~~quality~~expected benefits of proposed transactions, including our ~~loan~~proposed ~~and~~merger ~~investment~~with ~~portfolios~~Farmers Bancorp; and

•estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. These ~~forward-looking~~ statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and, ~~by their nature,~~ are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, and ~~competitive~~regulatory uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. InThey ~~addition, these forward-looking statements~~ are also subject to assumptions ~~with~~regarding ~~respect to~~ future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.

Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated or projected, include, but are not limited to, the following:

•adverse impacts to economic conditions in our local market areas and other markets where we have lending relationships;

•effects of employment levels, labor shortages and inflation, a recession, or slowed economic growth;

•changes in the interest rate ~~environment~~levels and volatility, ~~including~~and ~~increases~~the ortiming ~~decreases~~and inpace ~~the~~of ~~Federal~~such ~~Reserve~~changes ~~benchmark~~including ~~rate~~actions ~~and~~by the ~~duration~~Federal ofReserve ~~such~~in ~~changed~~response ~~levels~~thereto;

•the impact of inflation and the ~~Federal~~monetary ~~Reserve~~and ~~monetary~~fiscal ~~policies~~policy responses thereto, and their impact on consumer and business behavior;

•the effects of ~~any~~a federal government shutdown, debt ceiling standoff, or other fiscal policy uncertainty;

•changes in the level and direction of loan or lease delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;

•our ability to access cost-effective funding including maintaining the confidence of depositors;

•unexpected outflows of uninsured deposits may require us to sell investment securities at a loss;

•fluctuations in real estate values, and residential, commercial, and multi-family real estate market conditions;

•competitive pressures among depository institutions, including repricing and competitors' pricing initiatives, and their impact on our market position, loan, and deposit products;

•our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

•competition among depository and other financial institutions and equipment financing companies;

•the impact of bank failures or other adverse developments at banks and related negative ~~press~~publicity about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment;

•inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, our mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on our loans and leases;

•adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets;

•changes in the quality or composition of our loan, lease or investment portfolios;

•our ability to keep pace with technological changes, including our ability to identify and address cyber-security risks such as data security breaches, "denial of service" attacks, "hacking" and identity theft, and other attacks on our information technology systems or on our third-party vendors;

•results of examinations by regulatory authorities and potential requirements to increase credit loss allowances, write-down assets, reclassify assets, change our regulatory capital position, or affect our liquidity and earnings;

•the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;

•our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

•our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

•our ability to attract and retain key employees;

•changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own;

•our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;

•changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by ~~the~~banking ~~bank~~ regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods;

•legislative or regulatory changes, including ~~changes~~but not limited to shifts in ~~banking~~capital requirements, ~~securities~~banking regulation, tax ~~law~~laws, ~~regulatory~~or ~~policies,~~consumer ~~and~~protection ~~principles~~laws;

•our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;

•~~the~~our ~~potential~~ability ~~imposition~~to ofadapt ~~new~~to ~~tariffs~~rapid ortechnological changes, toincluding ~~existing~~advancements ~~trade~~related ~~policies~~to ~~that~~artificial ~~could~~intelligence, ~~affect~~digital ~~economic~~banking ~~activity~~platforms, orand ~~specific industry sectors~~cybersecurity;

•geopolitical developments and international conflicts, or the imposition of new or increased tariffs and trade restrictions, which may disrupt financial markets, global supply chains, commodity prices, or economic activity in specific industry sectors;

•other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technical factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services;

•the effects of climate change, severe weather, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, ~~civil~~domestic political unrest, and other external events; and

•the other risks described elsewhere in this Form 10 K and our other reports filed with and furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

WeFurther, ~~undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking~~ statements ~~included~~regarding inthe ~~this~~potential ~~report~~effects orof ~~to update~~ the ~~reasons~~proposed ~~why~~merger ~~actual~~with ~~results~~Farmers ~~could~~Bancorp ~~differ~~on ~~from~~our ~~those contained in such statements~~business, ~~whether~~financial asresults aand ~~result~~condition ofmay ~~new~~also ~~information,~~constitute ~~future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the~~ forward-looking statements. ~~discussed~~Actual inresults ~~this~~may ~~report~~differ ~~might~~materially ~~not~~due ~~occur~~to risks and ~~you~~uncertainties, ~~should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.~~ including:

•events, changes, or circumstances that could give rise to the right of either party to terminate the merger agreement;

•the possibility that the merger may not be completed on the anticipated terms, within the expected timeframe, or at all;

•failure to obtain required regulatory or shareholder approvals, or the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or expected benefits;

•challenges in meeting expectations regarding the timing, completion, accounting, and tax treatment of the merger;

•the potential that anticipated cost savings, synergies, or revenue enhancements may not be realized to the extent anticipated, or at all, or may take longer to achieve;

•higher-than-expected transaction costs, integration costs, or unexpected events related to the transaction and subsequent integration;

•dilution from the issuance of additional Richmond Mutual common stock in connection with the merger;

•potential litigation or other legal proceedings related to the merger;

•restrictions during the pendency of the transaction that may limit business opportunities or strategic initiatives;

•the ability to successfully integrate operations, systems, personnel, and technologies post-merger;

•disruption to customer, employee, or vendor relationships, including key community relationships;

•diversion of management’s attention from ongoing operations and strategic initiatives;

•lower-than-expected revenues or profitability following the merger;

•changes in credit, capital markets, or economic, political, or regulatory conditions;

•competition from banks and other financial service providers;

•the Company’s, Farmers Bancorp’s or the combined company’s success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items; and

•other factors detailed in Richmond Mutual’s filings with the SEC.

These forward-looking statements are based on information known to us as of the date of this Form 10-K and speak only as of that date. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law. In light of the risks and uncertainties described above, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Additional factors that may affect our results are discussed under Part I, Item 1A in this document under the heading “Risk Factors.”

General

Our principal business consists of attracting deposits from the general public, as well as brokered deposits, and investing those funds primarily in loans secured by first mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family residences, a variety of consumer loans, direct financing leases, commercial and industrial loans, and loans secured by commercial and multi-family real estate. We also obtain funds by utilizing FHLB advances. Funds not invested in loans generally are invested in investment securities, including mortgage-backed and mortgage-related securities and agency and municipal bonds. Richmond Mutual Bancorporation's primary business activities are currently limited to one significant business segment, which is community banking.

Our results of operations are primarily dependent on net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income, which is the income that is earned on loans and investments, and interest expense, which is the interest that is paid on deposits and borrowings. Other significant sources of pre-tax income are service charges (mostly from service charges on deposit accounts and loan servicing fees), and fees from the sale of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market. We may also recognize income from the sale of investment securities.

48At December 31, 2025, on a consolidated basis, we had $1.5 billion in assets, $1.2 billion in loans, $1.1 billion in deposits, and $145.8 million in stockholders’ equity. First Bank Richmond’s risk-based capital ratio at December 31, 2025 was 14.6%, exceeding the 10.0% requirement for a well-capitalized institution. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we reported net income of $11.6 million, compared with net income of $9.4 million for 2024.

on deposit accounts and loan servicing fees), and fees from the sale of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the secondary market. We may also recognize income from the sale of investment securities.49

At December 31, 2024, on a consolidated basis, we had $1.5 billion in assets, $1.2 billion in loans, $1.1 billion in deposits, and $132.9 million in stockholders’ equity. First Bank Richmond’s risk-based capital ratio at December 31, 2024 was 14.2%, exceeding the 10.0% requirement for a well-capitalized institution. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we reported net income of $9.4 million, compared with net income of $9.5 million for 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In doing so, we have to make estimates and assumptions. Our critical accounting estimates are those estimates that involve a significant level of uncertainty at the time the estimate was made, and changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates. We base our estimates on past experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We have reviewed our critical accounting estimates with the audit committee of our Board of Directors.

See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a summary of significant accounting policies and the effect on our financial statements.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses applies to all financial instruments carried at amortized cost. We maintain an allowance for credit losses on loans and leases based on expected future credit losses at the balance sheet date. Loan and lease losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan or lease balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in our judgment, should be charged-off. A provision for credit losses for loans and leases is charged to operations based on our periodic evaluation of the necessary balance in the allowance.

Determining the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is complex and requires ~~judgement~~judgment by management on future factors that are unknown. We have an established process to determine the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. The determination of the allowance is inherently subjective, as it requires significant estimates, including the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on similarly-risked loans in their respective segments, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on collateral-dependent loans, movement through risk-ratings, economic forecasts, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions and other factors, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.

Management Strategy

We are a community-oriented financial institution dedicated to serving the needs of customers in our primary market area. Our commitment is to offer a full array of consumer and commercial banking products and services to meet the needs of our customers. We offer mortgage lending products to qualified borrowers to give them the broadest access to home ownership in our markets. We offer commercial lending products and services tailored to complement their businesses. Our goal is to maintain asset quality while continuing to build our strong capital position while looking for growth opportunities in the markets we serve. In furtherance of these objectives, we have entered into a definitive agreement to merge with Farmers Bancorp, which we believe will enhance our scale, expand our market presence, and improve our ability to serve customers across a broader geographic footprint. To achieve these goals, we will focus on the following strategies:

Lending. We believe that commercial lending offers an opportunity to enhance our profitability while managing credit, interest rate and operational risk. We seek quality commercial loan opportunities in our existing markets and purchase loan participations that complement our existing portfolios. We will continue to focus our efforts on our existing markets. asIn ~~well~~connection aswith our pending merger, we expect to ~~further~~expand ~~develop~~our commercial and consumer lending presence into the ~~Columbus,~~markets ~~Ohio~~served ~~market~~by ~~through~~Farmers ~~our~~Bancorp ~~loan~~and ~~production~~evaluate ~~office~~opportunities to leverage combined lending expertise and customer relationships. We anticipate that the majority of our commercial and multi-family real estate and commercial construction loan originations will range in size from $1.0 million to $8.0 million, while the majority of our commercial and industrial loan originations will range in size from $250,000 to $1.5 million. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, our commercial loan portfolio, which includes commercial and multi-family real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and construction loans, totaled $~~816~~837.54 million, or 6970.52% of total loans and leases, with approximately $~~236~~223.91 million of these loans, or 2018.27% of our total loans and leases, located in the Columbus, Ohio market.

Deposit Services. Deposits are our primary source of funds for lending and investment. We intend to continue to focus on increasing core deposits (which we define as all deposits except for certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more and brokered certificates of deposit) in our primary market area, with a particular emphasis on noninterest-bearing deposits. We will continue to enhance our offering of retail deposit products to maintain and increase our market share, while continuing to build our product offering of commercial deposit products to strengthen our relationships with our business customers. Following the completion of the pending acquisition, we expect to leverage the combined branch network and customer base to enhance core deposit growth and broaden our funding base. Core deposits represented 71.3% of our total deposits as of December 31, 2025.

4950

toBalance ~~enhance~~Sheet ~~our~~Growth. ~~offering~~As ofa ~~retail~~result ~~deposit~~of ~~products~~our efforts to ~~maintain~~build our management and ~~increase~~infrastructure, ~~our~~we ~~market~~believe ~~share,~~we ~~while~~are ~~continuing~~well-positioned to ~~build~~increase the size of our ~~product~~balance ~~offering~~sheet ofwithout ~~commercial~~a ~~deposit~~proportional ~~products~~increase in overhead expense or operating risk. Accordingly, we intend to ~~strengthen~~increase, ~~our~~on ~~relationships~~a ~~with~~managed basis, our ~~business~~assets ~~customers.~~and ~~Core~~liabilities, ~~deposits~~particularly ~~represented~~loans 70and deposits.1% ofThe ~~our~~pending ~~total~~merger ~~deposits~~is asexpected ofto ~~December~~accelerate 31balance sheet growth and provide opportunities for cost efficiencies and operating leverage, ~~2024~~subject to regulatory approval and successful integration.

~~Balance~~Asset ~~Sheet Growth~~Quality. AsWe abelieve ~~result~~that ofstrong ~~our~~asset ~~efforts~~quality is a key to ~~build~~long-term ~~our~~financial success. Our strategy for credit risk management focuses on an experienced team of credit professionals, well-defined credit policies and ~~infrastructure~~procedures, weappropriate ~~believe~~loan weunderwriting ~~are~~criteria ~~well~~and active credit monitoring. Non-~~positioned~~performing toloans ~~increase~~increased during 2025 compared to the ~~size~~prior ofyear, ~~our~~primarily ~~balance~~reflecting ~~sheet~~stress ~~without~~in certain commercial real estate relationships and the migration of a ~~proportional~~limited ~~increase~~number inof ~~overhead~~commercial ~~expense~~credits orto ~~operating~~nonaccrual ~~risk~~status. ~~Accordingly,~~We weare ~~intend~~actively tomonitoring ~~increase,~~these oncredits aand ~~managed~~have ~~basis~~taken steps, ~~our~~including ~~assets~~enhanced oversight and ~~liabilities~~collection efforts, ~~particularly~~to address these matters. Our non-performing loans ~~and~~to ~~deposits~~total loans ratio was 1.46% at December 31, 2025.

~~Asset~~Capital ~~Quality~~Position. WeOur ~~believe~~policy ~~that~~has ~~strong~~always ~~asset~~been ~~quality~~to isprotect athe ~~key~~safety toand ~~long-term~~soundness ~~financial~~of ~~success.~~First ~~Our~~Bank ~~strategy~~Richmond ~~for~~through credit and operational risk management, ~~focuses~~balance onsheet anstrength, ~~experienced~~and ~~team~~sound operations. The end result of ~~credit~~these ~~professionals,~~activities has been a capital ratio in excess of the well-~~defined~~capitalized ~~credit~~standards ~~policies~~set ~~and~~by ~~procedures,~~our ~~appropriate~~regulators. ~~loan~~We ~~underwriting~~believe ~~criteria~~that ~~and~~maintaining ~~active~~a ~~credit~~strong ~~monitoring.~~capital ~~Our~~position ~~non~~safeguards the long-~~performing~~term ~~loans~~interests of First Bank Richmond. We expect to ~~total~~maintain ~~loans~~capital ~~ratio~~levels ~~was~~consistent ~~0.58%~~with at"well-capitalized" ~~December~~regulatory ~~31,~~standards ~~2024~~following the completion of the pending merger.

~~Capital~~Interest ~~Position~~Rate Risk Management. ~~Our~~Changes ~~policy~~in ~~has~~interest ~~always~~rates ~~been~~are toour ~~protect~~primary ~~the~~market ~~safety~~risk ~~and~~as ~~soundness~~our ofbalance ~~First~~sheet ~~Bank~~is ~~Richmond~~almost ~~through~~entirely ~~credit~~comprised of interest-earning assets and ~~operational~~interest-bearing ~~risk~~liabilities. ~~management~~As such, ~~balance~~fluctuations ~~sheet~~in ~~strength,~~interest rates have a significant impact not only upon our net income but also upon the cash flows related to those assets and ~~sound~~liabilities ~~operations.~~and ~~The~~the ~~end~~market ~~result~~value of ~~these~~our ~~activities~~assets ~~has~~and ~~been~~liabilities. aTo ~~capital~~maintain ~~ratio~~what inwe ~~excess~~believe to be acceptable levels of ~~the~~net ~~well-capitalized~~interest ~~standards~~income ~~set~~in byvarying interest rate environments, we actively manage our ~~regulators.~~interest Werate ~~believe~~risk ~~that~~and ~~maintaining~~assume a ~~strong~~moderate ~~capital~~amount ~~position~~of ~~safeguards~~interest rate risk consistent with board policies. We will evaluate the ~~long-term~~combined ~~interests~~balance sheet profile following the completion of ~~First~~the ~~Bank~~merger ~~Richmond~~to ensure continued alignment with our board-approved interest rate risk parameters.

Interest Rate Risk Management. Changes in interest rates are our primary market risk as our balance sheet is almost entirely comprised of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. As such, fluctuations in interest rates have a significant impact not only upon our net income but also upon the cash flows related to those assets and liabilities and the market value of our assets and liabilities. In order to maintain what we believe to be acceptable levels of net interest income in varying interest rate environments, we actively manage our interest rate risk and assume a moderate amount of interest rate risk consistent with board policies.

Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data

The Financial Condition Data and Operating Data as of and for the years ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024 are derived from the audited financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following information is only a summary and is qualified in its entirety by the detailed information included elsewhere herein and should be read along with Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K.

	At December 31,
	2024		2023
	2025		2024
	(In thousands)
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets	$	1,~~504~~525,~~875~~791	$	1,~~461~~504,~~024~~875
Loans and leases, net(1)	1,~~158~~176,~~879~~813		1,~~090~~158,~~073~~879
Securities available for sale, at fair value	~~258~~251,~~192~~915		~~282~~258,~~688~~192
Investment securities, at amortized cost	32,~~498~~748		43,~~950~~498
FHLB stock	13,907		1213,~~647~~907
Deposits	1,~~093~~114,~~940~~893		1,~~041~~093,~~140~~940
FHLB advances	~~265~~240,000		~~271~~265,000
Stockholders’ equity	~~132~~145,~~872~~781		~~134~~132,~~860~~872

_____________________

(1) Net of allowance for credit losses, loans in process and deferred loan fees.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Selected Operations Data:
Total interest income	$	80,526	$	67,410
Total interest expense	41,819		29,748
Net interest income	38,707		37,662
Provision for credit losses	550		532
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	38,157		37,130
Service charges on deposit accounts	1,239		1,115
Card fee income	1,237		1,259
Loan and lease servicing fees	463		448
Gain on loan and lease sales	555		518
Loss on sales of securities	(51)		—
Other income	1,315		1,271
Total non-interest income	4,758		4,611
Total non-interest expenses	32,052		30,738
Income before provision for income taxes	10,863		11,003
Provision for income taxes	1,486		1,516
Net income	$	9,377	$	9,487

	At or For theYears Ended December 31,
	Years Ended December 31,
	2024			2023
	2025			2024
Selected Financial Ratios and Other Data:
	(In thousands)
Performance ratios:
Selected Operations Data:
Return on average assets (ratio of net income to average total assets)	0.63		%	0.68		%
Total interest income	$	85,908		$	80,526
Return on average equity (ratio of net income to average equity)	7.03		%	7.36		%
Total interest expense	42,062			41,819
Yield on interest-earning assets	5.55		%	4.98		%
Net interest income	43,846			38,707
Rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities	3.37		%	2.59		%
Provision for credit losses	2,153			550
Interest rate spread information:
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	41,693			38,157
Average during period	2.18		%	2.39		%
Service charges on deposit accounts	1,266			1,239
End of period	2.15		%	2.27		%
Card fee income	1,317			1,237
Net interest margin(1)	2.67		%	2.78		%
Loan and lease servicing fees	681			463
Operating expense to average total assets	2.15		%	2.20		%
Gain on loan and lease sales	409			555
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	116.96		%	117.81		%
Loss on sales of securities	(156)			(51)
Efficiency ratio(2)	73.74		%	72.71		%
Other income	1,546			1,315
Asset quality ratios:
Total non-interest income	5,063			4,758
Non-performing assets to total assets(3)	0.45		%	0.56		%
Total non-interest expenses	33,103			32,052
Non-performing loans and leases to total gross loans and leases(4)	0.58		%	0.72		%
Income before provision for income taxes	13,653			10,863
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to non-performing loans and leases(4)	232.99		%	195.80		%
Provision for income taxes	2,076			1,486
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to total gross loans and leases	1.34		%	1.42		%
Net income	$	11,577		$	9,377
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans and leases during the period	0.13		%	0.06		%
Capital ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)(5)	12.98		%	12.85		%
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to adjusted tangible assets)(5)	10.75		%	10.64		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)(5)	12.98		%	12.85		%
Total risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)(5)	14.23		%	14.10		%
Equity to total assets at end of period	8.83		%	9.23		%
Average equity to average assets	8.93		%	9.20		%
Per share data:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.93		$	0.91
Diluted earnings per share	0.92			0.91
Cash dividends paid	0.56			0.56
Book value at year end	12.29			12.03
Tangible book value at year end (6)	12.29			12.03
Other data:
Number of full-service offices	12			12
Full-time equivalent employees	173			176


	At or For the Years Ended December 31,
	2025			2024
Selected Financial Ratios and Other Data:
Performance ratios:
Return on average assets (ratio of net income to average total assets)	0.76		%	0.63		%
Return on average equity (ratio of net income to average equity)	8.57		%	7.03		%
Yield on interest-earning assets	5.83		%	5.55		%
Rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities	3.34		%	3.37		%
Interest rate spread information:
Average during period	2.49		%	2.18		%
End of period	2.45		%	2.15		%
Net interest margin(1)	2.97		%	2.67		%
Operating expense to average total assets	2.19		%	2.15		%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	117.04		%	116.96		%
Efficiency ratio(2)	67.68		%	73.74		%
Asset quality ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets(3)	1.14		%	0.45		%
Non-performing loans and leases to total gross loans and leases(4)	1.46		%	0.58		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to non-performing loans and leases(4)	94.64		%	232.99		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to total gross loans and leases	1.38		%	1.34		%
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans and leases during the period	0.14		%	0.13		%
Capital ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)(5)	13.38		%	12.98		%
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to adjusted tangible assets)(5)	10.95		%	10.75		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)(5)	13.38		%	12.98		%
Total risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)(5)	14.64		%	14.23		%
Equity to total assets at end of period	9.55		%	8.83		%
Average equity to average assets	8.92		%	8.93		%
Per share data:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.20		$	0.93
Diluted earnings per share	1.17			0.92
Cash dividends paid	0.60			0.56
Book value at year end	13.88			12.29
Tangible book value at year end (6)	13.88			12.29
Other data:
Number of full-service offices	13			12
Full-time equivalent employees	180			173

_____________________

(1)Net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.

(2)Total non-interest expenses as a percentage of net interest income and total non-interest income.

(3)Non-performing assets consist of nonaccrual loans and leases, accruing loans and leases more than 90 days past due, and foreclosed assets.

(4)Non-performing loans and leases consist of nonaccrual loans and leases and accruing loans and leases more than 90 days past due.

(5)Capital ratios are for First Bank Richmond.

(6)Tangible book value per share is a non-GAAP measure used by management and others within the financial services industry. Tangible book value per share is calculated by dividing tangible common equity by the number of shares outstanding.

5253

Financial Condition at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 Compared to December 31, ~~2023~~2024

General. Total assets increased $4420.39 million, or 31.04%, to $1.5 billion at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 from December 31, ~~2023~~2024. The increase was driven by a $6817.89 million, or 61.35%, increase in the loan and lease portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases, partially offset by a $257.90 million, or 92.07% decrease in investment securities. The increase in loans and leases was primarily funded by a $5221.80 million, or 5.1.9%, increase in deposits, driven largely by growth in core retail deposit categories and a reduction in reliance on brokered deposits.

Loans and Leases. Our loan and lease portfolio, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases, increased $6817.89 million, or 61.35%, to $1.2 billion at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 from $1.12 billion at December 31, ~~2023~~2024. The majority of the growth occurred in ~~multi-family~~commercial real estate loans which increased $4742.16 million, or 3311.95%, to $~~185~~414.93 million, and in ~~commercial~~multi-family ~~real estate~~ loans which increased $3023.10 million, or 812.84%, to $~~371~~208.79 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 compared to the prior year. We also experienced a $1016.91 million, or 912.58%, increase in commercial and industrial loans, and a $161.47 million, or 90.59%, increase in residential real estate loans (including home equity lines of credit), which was attributable to a $3.3 million increase in home equity lines of credit, partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in residential mortgage loans. Offsetting these increases were a $2560.27 million, or 1645.09%, decrease in construction and development loans, ana $82.53 million, or 51.46%, decrease in direct financing leases, and a $21.09 million, or 89.81%, decrease in consumer loans. The decrease in construction and development loans was primarily due to completed projects converting to permanent financing.

The following table presents information concerning the composition of our loan and lease portfolio in dollar amounts and in percentages (before deductions for loans in process, deferred fees and discounts and allowances for credit losses on loans and leases) as of the dates indicated.

	At December 31,
	2024				2023
	2025				2024
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential mortgage(1)	$	~~172~~171,~~644~~063	14.6933	%	$	~~162~~172,~~123~~644	14.6569	%
Home equity lines of credit	1620,~~826~~147		1.4369		1016,~~904~~826		01.9943
Multi-family	~~185~~208,~~864~~894		1517.8150		~~138~~185,~~757~~864		1215.5481
Commercial mortgage	~~371~~414,~~705~~316		3134.6371		~~341~~371,~~633~~705		3031.8763
Construction and development	~~132~~71,~~570~~705		116.2801		~~157~~132,~~805~~570		1411.2628
Total real estate loans	~~879~~886,~~609~~125		74.8423		~~811~~879,~~222~~609		7374.3184
Consumer loans	2119,~~218~~280		1.8162		2321,~~264~~218		21.1081
Commercial business loans and leases:
Commercial and industrial	~~126~~142,~~367~~508		1011.7594		~~115~~126,~~428~~367		10.4375
Leases	~~148~~145,~~102~~806		12.6021		~~156~~148,~~598~~102		1412.1560
Total commercial business loans and leases	~~274~~288,~~469~~314		2324.3515		~~272~~274,~~026~~469		2423.5835
Total loans and leases	1,~~175~~193,~~296~~719		100.00	%	1,~~106~~175,~~512~~296		100.00	%
Less:
Deferred fees and discounts	~~626~~440				~~776~~626
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases	1516,~~791~~466				15,~~663~~791
Total loans and leases, net	$	1,~~158~~176,~~879~~813			$	1,~~090~~158,~~073~~879

_____________________

(1)Includes $8.36 million and $68.43 million of loans secured by second mortgages on residential properties at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, respectively.

Nonperforming loans and leases, consisting of nonaccrual loans and leases and accruing loan and leases more than 90 days past due, totaled $6.8 million, or 0.58% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2024, compared to $8.0 million, or 0.72% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2023. The decrease in nonperforming loans and leases was primarily attributable to a $1.2 million decrease in commercial and industrial loans, primarily due to one loan of $1.2 million secured by business assets, previously nonaccruing, that was paid off in 2024. At December 31, 2024, our largest nonperforming loan was a $4.9 million nonaccrual commercial construction and development loan that is currently subject to litigation between the developer and other parties. At the time of origination, this loan had a loan to value ratio of 73%.

Allowance for Credit Losses. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the accounting standard referred to as CECL. As a result of the change in methodology from the incurred loss method to the CECL method, on January 1, 2023 the Company recorded a one-time adjustment from equity into the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases in the amount of $2.0 million, net of tax. The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases totaled $15.8 million, or 1.34% of total loans and leases outstanding at December 31, 2024, compared to $15.7 million, or 1.42%, of total loans and leases at December 31, 2023. Net charge-offs during 2024 were $1.5 million, compared to net charge-offs of $678,000 during 2023. The Company's allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments, which is reported in other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $558,000 and $1.6 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments was primarily due to lower unfunded loan commitments.

Management regularly analyzes conditions within its geographic markets and evaluates its loan and lease portfolio. The Company evaluated its exposure to potential loan and lease losses as of December 31, 2024, which evaluation included consideration of a potential recession due to inflation, stock market volatility, and overall geopolitical tensions. Credit metrics are being reviewed and stress testing is being performed on the loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. Potentially higher risk segments of the portfolio, such as hotels and restaurants, are being closely monitored.

Investment Securities. Investment securities decreased $25.9 million, or 9.0%, to $261.7 million at December 31, 2024, from $287.6 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to maturities and paydowns of securities of $22.1 million, the sale of $6.9 million of available-for-sale securities, and a $3.5 million downward mark-to-market adjustment in the fair value of securities available for sale, partially offset by the purchase of $7.5 million of new securities.

Deposits. Total deposits increased $52.8 million, or 5.1%, to $1.1 billion at December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily due to an increase in savings and money-market accounts of $44.5 million, or 17.3%, as well as an increase in non-brokered time deposits of $40.3 million, or 16.2%. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $20.8 million, or 7.8%, in demand deposit accounts, and an $11.3 million, or 4.2%, decrease in brokered time deposits. Management attributes the shift in funds from transaction accounts to retail certificates of deposit, which primarily occurred during the first nine months of 2024, to customers taking advantage of higher rates being paid on time deposits as a result of interest rate hikes instituted by the Federal Reserve. At December 31, 2024, brokered deposits equaled $257.6 million, or 23.5% of total deposits compared to $268.8 million, or 25.8% of total deposits at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, noninterest-bearing deposits totaled $110.1 million, or 10.1% of total deposits, compared to $114.4 million, or 11.0%, of total deposits at December 31, 2023.

Borrowings. Borrowings, consisting solely of FHLB advances, totaled $265.0 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $271.0 million at December 31, 2023.

Stockholders’ Equity. Stockholders’ equity totaled $132.9 million at December 31, 2024, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 1.5%, from December 31, 2023. The decrease in stockholders’ equity primarily was the result of the payment of $5.7 million in dividends to Company stockholders, the repurchase of $5.0 million of Company common stock, and an increase in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCL") of $2.8 million, partially offset by net income of $9.4 million. The increase in AOCL was primarily due to reductions in mark-to-market values associated with our available for sale investment securities portfolio, due to increases in market interest rates. At December 31, 2024, the available for sale portfolio had a net unrealized loss of $58.0 million compared to a net unrealized loss of $54.5 million at December 31, 2023. The AOCL impact to equity, after tax effecting the unrealized loss, was $45.8 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $43.0 million at December 31, 2023. First Bank Richmond was considered “well-capitalized” as defined by all regulatory standards as of December 31, 2024.

~~Comparison~~Nonperforming loans and leases, consisting of ~~Results~~nonaccrual loans and leases and accruing loan and leases 90 days or more past due, totaled $17.4 million, or 1.46% of ~~Operations~~total ~~for~~loans ~~the~~and ~~Years~~leases ~~Ended~~at December 31, 2025, compared to $6.8 million, or 0.58% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2024. Nonaccrual loans and ~~2023~~leases totaled $13.2 million at December 31, 2025, compared to $5.1 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to one commercial real estate loan of $6.7 million, which had a loan-to-value ratio of approximately 32.2% and was in the process of foreclosure proceedings. Accruing loans and leases past due 90 days or more totaled $4.2 million at December 31, 2025, up from $1.7 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was largely due to one multi-family loan of $2.4 million that became 90 days past due during 2025 but remained accruing at December 31, 2025 due to an anticipated payoff. The loan was placed on nonaccrual status in early 2026 as a result of no payment being received by the bank.

~~General.~~Allowance ~~Net~~for ~~income~~Credit ~~totaled $9~~Losses.4 ~~million~~The allowance for ~~2024~~credit ~~compared~~losses toon loans and leases totaled $916.5 million ~~in 2023~~, aor ~~decrease~~1.38% of ~~$109,000~~total orloans ~~1.2%. The~~and ~~decrease~~leases inoutstanding ~~net~~at ~~income~~December ~~was~~31, ~~due~~2025, compared to a $115.38 million, or 41.334%, ~~increase~~of intotal ~~non-interest~~loans ~~expense~~and leases at December 31, ~~partially~~2024. ~~offset~~Net bycharge-offs aduring 2025 were $1.07 million, orcompared 2to net charge-offs of $1.8%5 million during 2024. The Company's allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments, ~~increase~~which is reported in ~~net~~other ~~interest~~liabilities ~~income~~on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, atotaled $~~147~~328,000, orand ~~3.2%~~$558,000 ~~increase~~at inDecember ~~non-interest income~~31, 2025 and aDecember ~~$30~~31,~~000~~ 2024, ~~or 1~~respectively.~~9%,~~ The decrease in ~~income~~the ~~tax~~allowance ~~expense~~for credit losses on unfunded commitments was primarily due to lower unfunded loan commitments.

~~Interest~~Management ~~Income.~~regularly ~~Total~~analyzes ~~interest~~conditions ~~income~~within ~~for~~its ~~2024~~geographic ~~increased~~markets ~~$13.1~~and ~~million,~~evaluates orits ~~19.5%,~~loan ~~over~~and ~~2023~~lease portfolio. The ~~increase~~Company ~~primarily~~evaluated ~~was~~its aexposure ~~result~~to ofpotential aloan 57and ~~basis~~lease ~~point~~losses ~~increase~~as ~~in the average yield on interest earning assets, alongside a $97.0 million increase in the average balance~~ of ~~interest~~December ~~earning assets. Interest earned on loans and leases increased $12.8 million~~31, ~~or 21.8%~~2025, ~~due~~which toevaluation ~~a $101.5~~included ~~million~~consideration ~~increase in the average balance~~ of ~~and~~ a 62potential ~~basis~~recession ~~point~~due ~~increase~~to ~~in the average yield earned on loans and leases. Interest earned on investment securities~~inflation, ~~excluding FHLB~~ stock, ~~decreased~~market ~~$332~~volatility,~~000,~~ orand ~~4.6%,~~overall ~~due~~geopolitical ~~to an $11~~tensions.9 ~~million~~Credit ~~decrease~~metrics inare ~~the~~being ~~average~~reviewed ~~balance~~and ofstress ~~the~~testing ~~portfolio.~~is ~~Dividends~~being performed on ~~FHLB stock increased $381,000, or 44.8%, during 2024 compared to~~ the ~~prior~~loan ~~year.~~portfolio ~~The average yield~~ on ~~FHLB~~an ~~stock~~ongoing ~~during 2024 was 8.89%, up 97~~ basis ~~points from 7~~.~~92%~~ ~~during~~Potentially ~~the~~higher ~~prior~~risk ~~year,~~segments ~~while~~of the ~~average balance of FHLB stock outstanding during 2024 was $13.9 million~~portfolio, upsuch ~~from~~as ~~$10.8~~hotels ~~million during 2023. Interest on cash~~ and ~~cash equivalents increased $265~~restaurants,~~000~~ ~~due~~are tobeing aclosely ~~50 basis point increase in the average yield~~monitored.

~~Interest~~Investment ~~Expense~~Securities. ~~Total~~Investment ~~interest~~securities ~~expense~~decreased ~~increased~~ $127.10 million, or 402.67%, to $41254.87 million ~~during~~at ~~2024~~December ~~compared~~31, to2025, from $29261.7 million ~~during~~at ~~2023.~~December ~~The increase primarily was the result of an increase in the average rate paid on certificate of deposit accounts~~31, ~~savings and money market accounts, and borrowings and, to a lesser extent, an increase in average balance of certificate of deposit accounts and borrowings~~2024. The ~~average~~decrease ~~rate~~was ~~paid~~primarily ondue ~~certificate of deposit accounts increased 89 basis points~~ to ~~4.18%~~maturities ~~from~~and ~~3.29%~~paydowns ~~in 2023, while the average balance~~ of ~~certificate~~securities of ~~deposit accounts increased~~ $4719.~~9 million, or 9.4%, to $557.2 million in 2024 compared to $509.~~3 million ~~in 2023, resulting in a $6.5 million increase in interest expense. The average rate paid on savings~~ and ~~money market accounts increased 57 basis points to 2.39% from 1.82% in 2023, while~~ the ~~average~~sale ~~balance~~ of ~~those accounts increased~~ $116.~~4 million, or 4.2%, to $285.9 million in 2024 compared to $274.5 million in 2023, resulting in a $1.~~8 million ~~increase in interest expense. The average balance~~ of ~~interest~~available-~~bearing~~for-sale ~~checking accounts decreased $6.1 million~~securities, orpartially ~~4.1%,~~offset toby ~~$141.9~~a ~~million in 2024 from~~ $~~148~~14.02 million inupward ~~2023, while the average rate paid on interest~~mark-~~bearing checking accounts increased 42 basis points~~ to-market ~~1.13%~~adjustment in ~~2024~~the ~~from~~fair ~~0.71%~~value ~~in 2023, resulting in a $555,000 increase in interest expense. Interest expense on borrowings, consisting solely~~ of ~~FHLB~~securities ~~advances,~~available ~~increased~~for ~~$3.1~~sale ~~million, or 45.1%,~~ due to a 75reduction ~~basis point increase~~ in ~~the~~market ~~average~~rates ~~rate paid to 3.93% in 2024 from 3.18% in 2023, and a $37.9 million, or 17.4%, increase in the average balance~~ of ~~borrowings to $256~~interest.~~0 million in 2024 from $218.0 million in 2023.~~

~~Net Interest Income~~Deposits. ~~Net~~Total ~~interest~~deposits ~~income before the provision for credit losses~~ increased $121.0 million, or 21.89%, to $381.71 ~~million~~billion inat ~~2024~~December 31, 2025 compared to ~~$37.7~~December ~~million~~31, in2024. This ~~2023,~~increase was primarily due to ~~growth~~increases in ~~interest~~retail (non-~~earning~~brokered) ~~assets~~time deposits of $26.0 million, ~~which~~or ~~more~~9.0%, ~~than~~savings ~~offset~~and ~~the~~money ~~impact~~market accounts of a$18.0 ~~lower~~million, ~~net~~or 6.0%, and interest-bearing ~~margin~~demand deposits of $8.6 ~~Our~~million, ~~net~~or ~~interest~~6.3%. ~~margin~~These inincreases ~~2024~~were ~~was~~partially 2offset by a decrease of $21.676 million, or 8.4%, in brokered time deposits, and a $10.0 million, or 10.0%, decrease ofin 11noninterest-bearing ~~basis~~demand ~~points~~deposits. At December 31, 2025, brokered deposits equaled $235.9 million, or 21.2% of total deposits compared to ~~2023~~$257.6 million, asor ~~the~~23.5% ~~rate~~of ~~paid~~total ondeposits ~~interest~~at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025, noninterest-bearing ~~liabilities~~deposits ~~rose~~totaled ~~faster~~$100.1 ~~than~~million, ~~the~~or ~~yield~~9.0% onof ~~interest-earning~~total ~~assets~~deposits, compared to $110.1 million, or 10.1%, of total deposits at December 31, 2024.

~~Between~~As ~~March 2022 and July 2023, in response to elevated inflation, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”)~~ of ~~the~~December ~~Federal Reserve increased interest rates by a total of 525 basis points~~31, ~~bringing the target range to 5.25% to 5.50%. On September 18~~2025, ~~2024,~~approximately ~~the FOMC reduced the target range to 4~~$268.~~75%~~2 tomillion ~~5.00%, marking the first rate cut since March 2020. This was followed by additional reductions~~ of 25our ~~basis~~deposit ~~points in both November and December 2024~~portfolio, ~~bringing~~or ~~the target range down to 4~~24.251% ~~to 4.50% as~~ of ~~year-end.~~total ~~These~~deposits, ~~rate~~excluding ~~cuts~~collateralized ~~were~~public ~~implemented in response to signs of economic softening~~deposits, ~~including~~was ~~a cooling labor market and moderating inflation~~uninsured. ~~While~~The ~~interest~~uninsured ~~income~~amounts ~~benefited~~are ~~from~~estimated ~~the~~based ~~repricing impact of the higher interest rate environment~~ on ~~earning asset yields earlier in~~ the ~~year,~~methodologies ~~these benefits were offset by the higher cost of interest-bearing deposit accounts~~ and ~~borrowings,~~assumptions ~~which~~used ~~tend~~for toFirst ~~reprice~~Bank orRichmond’s ~~reset~~regulatory ~~faster~~reporting ~~than assets~~requirements. The gradual rate reductions in late 2024 began to ease funding cost pressures; however, competitive deposit pricing and the lag in asset yield adjustments limited the immediate benefit to net interest income.

~~Provision for Credit Losses~~Borrowings. ~~The~~Borrowings, ~~provision~~consisting ~~for~~primarily ~~credit~~of ~~losses~~FHLB inadvances, ~~2024~~totaled ~~was~~ $~~550,000,~~252.0 anmillion ~~$18,000,~~at orDecember ~~3.4%~~31, ~~increase~~2025, compared to $~~532,000 in 2023~~265. ~~The~~0 ~~provision~~million ~~for~~at ~~credit~~December ~~losses~~31, ~~reflects~~2024. ~~the~~In ~~amount~~addition ~~required~~ to ~~maintain~~FHLB ~~the~~advances, ~~allowance~~other ~~for~~borrowings, ~~credit~~consisting ~~losses~~entirely ~~at an appropriate level based upon management’s evaluation~~ of ~~the~~federal ~~adequacy~~funds ofpurchased, ~~collective~~totaled ~~and individual loss reserves. Net charge-offs during 2024 were~~ $112.50 million, ~~compared~~at toDecember ~~net charge-offs of $678~~31,~~000~~ ~~in 2023~~2025. ~~The~~There ~~allowance~~were ~~for~~no ~~credit~~federal ~~losses~~funds onpurchased ~~loans and leases as a percentage of the total loan and lease portfolio was 1.34%~~ at ~~year-end~~December ~~2024~~31, ~~compared to 1.42% at year-end 2023. Net charge-offs in~~ 2024 ~~equaled 0~~.~~13% of total average loans and leases outstanding compared to net charge-offs of 0.06% of total average loans and leases outstanding in 2023.~~

~~Non-interest~~Stockholders’ ~~Income~~Equity. ~~Total~~Stockholders’ ~~non-interest~~equity ~~income~~totaled ~~increased~~ $~~147~~145.8 million at December 31,~~000~~ 2025, an increase of $12.9 million, or 39.27%, tofrom December 31, 2024. The increase in stockholders’ equity primarily was the result of net income of $411.86 million ~~for~~and ~~2024~~an ~~compared~~$11.2 million decrease in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss ("AOCL"), partially offset by the payment of $5.8 million in dividends to Company stockholders and the repurchase of $45.6 million ~~for~~of ~~2023~~Company common stock. The ~~increase~~decrease in AOCL was primarily ~~driven~~due byto anincreases ~~increase~~ in ~~service~~mark-to-market ~~charges~~values onassociated ~~deposit~~with ~~accounts~~our available for sale investment securities portfolio, resulting from a reduction in market rates of ~~$124~~interest. At December 31,~~000~~ 2025, orthe 11available for sale portfolio had a net unrealized loss of $43.~~1%,~~7 million compared to a net unrealized loss of $158.20 million inat December 31, 2024. ~~from~~The AOCL impact to equity, after tax effecting the unrealized loss, was $134.16 million inat ~~2023~~December 31, ~~due~~2025, compared to ~~higher~~$45.8 ~~transaction~~million ~~activity~~at ~~and~~December ~~account~~31, ~~maintenance~~2024. ~~fees~~First Bank Richmond was considered “well-capitalized” as defined by all regulatory standards as of December 31, 2025.

~~coupled~~Comparison with year-over-year deposit growth. Other income increased $45,000, or 3.5%, to $1.3 million in 2024 as compared to 2023, due to increased wealth management income. Net gains on loan and lease sales increased $37,000, or 7.1%, to $555,000 in 2024 as compared to 2023, due to increased mortgage banking activity resulting from a decrease in market interest rates during the second half of ~~2024~~Results and improved housing inventory. Loan and lease servicing fees increased $15,000, or 3.4%, to $463,000 in 2024 as compared to 2023, due to increased mortgage originations. Partially offsetting these increases were net losses recognized on the sale of ~~securities~~Operations ~~available-~~for~~-sale~~ ofthe ~~$51,000,~~Years ~~compared~~Ended toDecember ~~no losses or gains recognized in 2023. In addition~~31, ~~card~~2025 ~~fee~~and ~~income decreased $22,000, or 1.7%, due to lower contract fees in~~ 2024 ~~as compared to 2023.~~

~~Non-interest~~General. ~~Expenses~~Net income totaled $11.6 ~~Total~~million ~~non-interest~~for ~~expense~~2025 ~~increased~~compared to $19.34 million, orin ~~4.3%~~2024, toan increase of $322.12 million ~~during~~or ~~2024~~23.5%. The ~~compared~~increase toin ~~2023,~~net ~~primarily~~income was due to ~~increases~~a $5.1 million, or 13.3%, increase in ~~salaries~~net interest income and ~~employee~~a ~~benefits~~$304,000 ~~deposit~~increase ~~insurance~~in ~~expense~~noninterest income, partially ~~data~~offset ~~processing~~by ~~fees~~a $1.6 million, ~~and~~or ~~legal~~291.3%, ~~and~~increase ~~professional~~in ~~fees~~provision for credit losses, ~~partially~~a ~~offset~~$1.1 bymillion, ~~decreases~~or 3.3%, increase in ~~equipment~~noninterest ~~expenses~~expense, and ~~other~~a ~~expenses~~$590,000, or 39.7%, increase in income tax expense.

~~Salaries~~Interest ~~and~~Income. ~~employee~~Total ~~benefits~~interest income for 2025 increased $~~909~~5.4 million,~~000,~~ or 56.27%, toover ~~$18~~2024.3 ~~million~~The inincrease ~~2024~~primarily ~~from~~was ~~$17.4~~a ~~million~~result inof ~~2023,~~a ~~primarily~~28 ~~due~~basis topoint ~~higher~~increase ~~health~~in ~~insurance~~the ~~and~~average ~~compensation~~yield ~~costs.~~on ~~Deposit~~interest ~~insurance~~earning ~~expense increased $367~~assets,~~000,~~ oralongside ~~31.6%,~~a to $122.53 million increase in ~~2024~~the ~~from~~average ~~$1.2~~balance ~~million~~of ininterest ~~2023,~~earning ~~due~~assets. toInterest aearned ~~change~~on inloans ~~our asset~~ and ~~deposit~~leases ~~mix. Data processing fees~~ increased $~~267~~5.8 million,~~000,~~ or 8.01%, due to a $337.69 million increase in ~~2024~~the ~~from~~average ~~$3.3~~balance ~~million~~of and a 29 basis point increase in ~~2023,~~the ~~primarily~~average ~~due~~yield toearned ~~increased~~on ~~software~~loans and ~~core~~leases. ~~provider~~Interest ~~expenses.~~earned ~~Legal~~on ~~and~~investment ~~professional~~securities, ~~fees~~excluding ~~increased~~FHLB stock, decreased $~~224~~401,000, or 145.08%, due to an $118.89 million decrease in ~~2024~~the ~~from~~average ~~$1.6~~balance ~~million~~of inthe ~~2023,~~portfolio. ~~primarily~~Dividends ~~due~~on toFHLB ~~other~~stock ~~professional~~increased ~~service~~$4,000 ~~expenses~~during ~~related~~2025 compared to ~~auditing~~the ~~and~~prior ~~internal process enhancements~~year. ~~Equipment~~The ~~expenses~~average ~~decreased~~yield ~~$201,000,~~on orFHLB ~~17.8%,~~stock toduring ~~$927,000~~2025 inand 2024 ~~from~~was $18.~~1 million in 2023~~89%, ~~primarily~~while ~~due~~the toaverage ~~reduced~~balance ~~depreciation~~of ~~expense.~~FHLB ~~Other~~stock ~~expenses~~outstanding ~~decreased~~during ~~$264,000,~~2025 orand ~~6.7%,~~2024 towas $313.79 million. inInterest ~~2024~~on ~~from~~cash ~~$3.9~~and ~~million~~cash inequivalents ~~2023~~decreased $9,000 ~~primarily~~ due to a 74 basis point decrease in ~~loan~~the ~~closing~~average ~~expenses~~yield, ~~and~~partially ~~reduced~~offset ~~losses~~by ~~due~~a ~~to fraud~~$3.2 million increase in the average balance.

~~Income~~Interest ~~Tax~~ Expense. ~~Income~~Total ~~tax~~interest expense ~~decreased~~increased $30242,000, or 0.6%, to $42.1 million during 2025 compared to $41.8 million during 2024. The increase primarily was the result of an increase in the average rate paid on borrowings, and an increase in average balance of borrowings and savings and money market accounts. The average rate paid on borrowings, consisting primarily of FHLB advances, increased 20 basis points to 4.13% from 3.93% in 2024, while the average balance of borrowings increased $6.1 million, or 2.4%, to $262.1 million in 2025 compared to ~~2023~~$256. ~~This~~0 ~~decrease~~million in ~~income~~2024, ~~tax~~resulting in a $745,000 increase in interest expense. ~~was~~The ~~primarily~~average ~~due~~rate paid on savings and money market accounts decreased nine basis points to ~~pretax~~2.30% ~~income~~from ~~decreasing~~2.39% in 2024, while the average balance of those accounts increased $~~139~~26.3 million, or 9.2%, to $312.3 million in 2025 compared to $285.9 million in 2024, resulting in a $341,000 increase in interest expense. The average balance of certificate of deposit accounts decreased $13.5 million, or 12.34%, to $543.7 ~~The~~million ~~effective~~in ~~tax~~2025 ~~rate~~from ~~for~~$557.2 million in 2024, while the ~~year~~average ~~ended~~rate paid on certificate of deposit accounts decreased three basis points to 4.15% in 2025 from 4.18% in 2024, ~~was~~resulting 13in a $742,000 decrease in interest expense.7 The average balance of interest-bearing checking accounts decreased $748,000, or 0.5%, ~~compared~~to $141.2 million in 2025 from $141.9 million in 2024, while the average rate paid on interest-bearing checking accounts decreased six basis points to 131.807% in ~~2023~~2025 from 1.13% in 2024, resulting in a $102,000 decrease in interest expense.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income before the provision for credit losses increased $5.1 million, or 13.3%, to $43.8 million in 2025 compared to $38.7 million in 2024, primarily due to a 31 basis point increase in the average interest rate spread, and a $4.1 million increase in average net earning assets. The improved spread reflects a favorable shift in asset yields outpacing the increase in funding costs, as loans and investment securities repriced or were originated at higher market rates.

Net interest margin was 2.97% for 2025, compared to 2.67% for 2024. The increase in net interest margin was primarily driven by higher yields on interest-earning assets and, to a lesser extent, lower rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. This margin expansion was supported by growth in higher-yielding asset categories, particularly commercial and multi-family loans.

During 2025, interest rate trends were influenced by monetary policy actions taken by the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) of the Federal Reserve. In the second half of calendar 2025, the FOMC reduced the target range for the federal funds rate three times, most recently to a range of 3.50% to 3.75% at December 31, 2025. Despite the decline in market rates, asset yields increased due to the origination of new loans at higher rates and upward repricing of adjustable-rate loans. At the same time, funding costs declined at a slower pace, which moderated the overall benefit to our net interest margin.

Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses in 2025 was $2.2 million, a $1.6 million, or 291.3%, increase compared to $550,000 in 2024. The provision for credit losses reflects the amount required to maintain the allowance for credit losses at an appropriate level based upon management’s evaluation of the adequacy of collective and individual loss reserves and reflects higher required reserves driven by the significant increase in nonperforming loans during 2025. Additionally, growth in the commercial real estate, multi-family, and commercial and industrial loan portfolios increased the allowance, as these portfolios generally carry higher reserve requirements relative to other segments. Net charge-offs during 2025 were $1.7 million, compared to net charge-offs of $1.5 million in 2024. The allowance for credit losses on loans and leases as a percentage of the total loan and lease portfolio was 1.38% at year-end 2025, compared to 1.34% at year-end 2024. Net charge-offs in 2025 equaled 0.14% of total average loans and leases outstanding compared to net charge-offs of 0.13% of total average loans and leases outstanding in 2024.

Non-interest Income. Total non-interest income increased $304,000, or 6.4%, to $5.1 million for 2025 compared to $4.8 million for 2024. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in other income and loan and lease servicing fees. Other income increased $230,000, or 17.5%, to $1.5 million in 2025 as compared to 2024, due to increased wealth management income. Loan and lease servicing fees increased $217,000, or 46.9%, to $681,000 in 2025 as compared to 2024, due to increased fees from the payoff of serviced loans. Partially offsetting these increases were net losses recognized on the sale of securities available-for-sale of $156,000, compared to net losses of $51,000 recognized in 2024. Net gains on loan and lease sales decreased $145,000, or 26.2%, to $409,000 in 2025 as compared to 2024, due to reduced mortgage banking activity.

Non-interest Expenses. Total non-interest expense increased $1.1 million, or 3.3%, to $33.1 million during 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to increases in other expenses, salaries and employee benefits, data processing fees, and net occupancy expenses, partially offset by a decrease in deposit insurance expense.

Other expenses increased $836,000, or 22.9%, to $4.5 million in 2025 from $3.7 million in 2024, primarily due to $467,000 of merger-related expenses associated with the pending acquisition of Farmers Bancorp, as well as one-time expenses associated with contract negotiations related to the renewal of our core service provider agreement. Salaries and employee benefits increased $196,000, or 1.1%, to $18.5 million in 2025 from $18.3 million in 2024, primarily due to annual merit increases and increased staffing to support business growth and operational needs. Data processing fees increased $174,000, or 4.8%, to $3.8 million in 2025 from $3.6 million in 2024, primarily due to increased software implementation and and technology upgrade expenses. Net occupancy expenses increased $101,000, or 7.4%, to $1.5 million in 2025 from $1.4 million in 2024, primarily due to increased building maintenance expenses. Deposit insurance expense decreased $337,000, or 22.0%, to $1.2 million in 2025 from $1.5 million in 2024, due to shifts in the Bank's asset and deposit mix and related assessments. Equipment expenses increased $74,000, or 8.0%, to $1.0 million in 2025 from $927,000 in 2024, primarily due to equipment expenses associated with our Columbus, Ohio branch opening.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense increased $590,000 in 2025 compared to 2024. This increase in income tax expense was primarily due to pretax income increasing $2.8 million, or 25.7%. The effective tax rate for the year ended 2025 was 15.2% compared to 13.7% in 2024.

Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields/Cost

The following tables set forth for the periods indicated, information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities as well as the total dollar amounts of interest income from average interest-earning assets and interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, resultant yields, interest rate spread, net interest margin (otherwise known as net yield on interest-earning assets), and the ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities. Average balances have been calculated using daily balances. Average balances of loans and leases receivable include loans held for sale. Non-accruing loans have been included in the table as loans carrying a zero yield. Loan fees are included in interest income on loans and are not material.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2024							2023
	2025							2024
	AverageBalanceOutstanding			InterestEarned/Paid		Yield/Rate		AverageBalanceOutstanding			InterestEarned/Paid		Yield/Rate
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases receivable	$	1,~~145~~183,~~973~~896		$	7177,~~596~~383	6.2554	%	$	1,~~044~~145,~~471~~973		$	5871,~~794~~596	56.6325	%
Securities	~~273~~254,~~706~~838			6,~~871~~470		2.5154	%	~~285~~273,~~600~~706			76,~~203~~871		2.5251	%
FHLB stock	13,~~863~~907			1,~~232~~236		8.89	%	1013,~~750~~863			~~851~~1,232		78.9289	%
Cash and cash equivalents and other	1821,~~002~~224			~~827~~818		43.5985	%	1318,~~728~~002			~~562~~827		4.0959	%
Total interest-earning assets	1,~~451~~473,~~544~~865			8085,~~526~~907		5.5583	%	1,~~354~~451,~~549~~544			6780,~~410~~526		45.9855	%
Non-earning assets	4139,~~860~~869							4541,~~212~~860
Total assets	1,~~493~~513,~~404~~734							1,~~399~~493,~~761~~404
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and money market accounts	~~285~~312,~~946~~272			67,~~833~~174		2.3930	%	~~274~~285,~~497~~946			46,~~989~~833		12.8239	%
Interest-bearing checking accounts	141,~~902~~154			1,~~609~~507		1.1307	%	~~147~~141,~~964~~902			1,~~054~~609		01.7113	%
Certificate accounts	~~557~~543,~~216~~714			2322,~~309~~567		4.1815	%	~~509~~557,~~316~~216			1623,~~767~~309		34.2918	%
Borrowings	~~255~~262,~~969~~099			10,~~068~~813		34.9313	%	~~218~~255,~~025~~969			610,~~938~~068		3.1893	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	1,~~241~~259,~~033~~239			4142,~~819~~061		3.3734	%	1,~~149~~241,~~802~~033			2941,~~748~~819		23.5937	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	105,~~356~~426							~~107~~105,~~192~~356
Other liabilities	13,~~696~~971							13,~~924~~696
Stockholders' equity	~~133~~135,~~319~~098							~~128~~133,~~843~~319
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	1,~~493~~513,~~404~~734							1,~~399~~493,~~761~~404
Net interest income				$	3843,~~707~~846						$	3738,~~662~~707
Net earning assets	$	~~210~~214,~~511~~626						$	~~204~~210,~~747~~511
Net interest rate spread(1)						2.1849	%						2.3918	%
Net interest margin(2)						2.6797	%						2.7867	%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	~~116~~117.9604		%					~~117~~116.8196		%

_____________________

(1)Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

(2)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

5758

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following schedule presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the changes related to outstanding balances and that due to the changes in interest rates. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume (i.e., changes in volume multiplied by old rate) and (ii) changes in rate (i.e., changes in rate multiplied by old volume). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

Years EndedDecember 31,

2024 vs. 2023

2025 vs. 2024

Increase/(decrease)due to

Totalincrease/ (decrease)

Volume

Rate

(In thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Loans and leases receivable

52,~~707~~364

73,~~095~~423

125,~~802~~787

Securities

(~~305~~478)

~~(27)~~77

(~~332~~401)

FHLB stock

~~247~~4

~~134~~—

~~381~~4

Cash and cash equivalents and other

~~175~~146

90(155)

~~265~~(9)

Total interest-earning assets

52,~~824~~036

73,~~292~~345

135,~~116~~381

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Savings and money market accounts

~~209~~616

~~1,635~~(275)

~~1,844~~341

Interest-bearing checking accounts

(439)

~~598~~(93)

~~555~~(102)

Certificate accounts

~~1,578~~(576)

~~4,964~~(166)

~~6,542~~(742)

Borrowings

~~1,208~~235

~~1,922~~510

~~3,130~~745

Total interest-bearing liabilities

~~2,952~~266

~~9,119~~(24)

~~12,071~~242

Change in net interest income

15,~~045~~139

Capital and Liquidity

Capital. Shareholders' equity totaled $~~132~~145.98 million at December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and $~~134~~132.9 million at December 31, ~~2023~~2024. In addition to net income of $911.46 million, other sources of capital during ~~2024~~2025 included an $~~661~~11.2 million decrease in AOCL, $738,000 related to the allocation of ESOP shares during the year, and $~~1.5~~816,000 ~~million~~ related to stock-based compensation. ~~Uses of capital during 2024 included $5.7 million of dividends paid on common stock, $5.0 million of stock repurchases, and an increase in AOCL of $2.8 million.~~ The ~~increase~~decrease in AOCL primarily was due to the ~~reduction~~improvement in mark-to-market values associated with the Company's available-for-sale investment securities portfolio. Uses of capital during 2025 included $5.8 million of dividends paid on common stock and $5.6 million of stock repurchases.

We paid regular quarterly cash dividends of $0.1415 per common share during ~~both~~2025, ~~2024~~compared ~~and~~to ~~2023~~$0.14 per common share in 2024. This equates to a dividend payout ratio of 6050.84% in ~~2024~~2025 and 6260.48% in ~~2023~~2024. We currently expect to continue the current practice of paying quarterly cash dividends on common stock subject to the Board of Directors' discretion to modify or terminate this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. Assuming continued payment during ~~2025~~2026 at the current dividend rate of $0.1415 per share, our average total dividend paid each quarter would be approximately $1.56 million based on the number of our current outstanding shares at December 31, ~~2024~~2025. The amount of dividends, if any, we may pay may be limited as more fully discussed in "Note 18: Dividend and Capital Restrictions" and "Note 19: Regulatory Capital" in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

5859

Stock Repurchase Plans. From time to time, our Board of Directors has authorized stock repurchase plans. In general, stock repurchase plans allow us to proactively manage our capital position and return excess capital to shareholders. Shares purchased under such plans also provide us with shares of common stock necessary to satisfy obligations related to stock compensation awards. On June 6, 2023, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company's existing stock repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to 321,386 shares of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock in addition to the 827,554 shares that remained available for the repurchase at that date under the existing program, and extended the stock repurchase program's expiration date to June 6, 2024, unless completed sooner. On May 16, 2024, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved an extension of the Company's existing stock repurchase program, ~~now~~which ~~set~~expired ~~to expire~~ on June 6, 2025.

As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the Company ~~had~~did ~~approximately~~not ~~472,944~~have ~~shares~~a ~~available~~publicly ~~for~~announced ~~repurchase under its existing~~ stock repurchase program. ~~The~~in ~~repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares~~place. See Part II, Item 5 - "Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities."

Liquidity. Liquidity measures the ability to meet current and future cash flow needs as they become due. The liquidity of a financial institution reflects its ability to meet loan requests, to accommodate possible outflows in deposits and to take advantage of interest rate market opportunities. The ability of a financial institution to meet its current financial obligations is a function of its balance sheet structure, its ability to liquidate assets and its access to alternative sources of funds. The objective of our liquidity management is to manage cash flow and liquidity reserves so that they are adequate to fund our operations and to meet obligations and other commitments on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost. We seek to achieve this objective and ensure that funding needs are met by maintaining an appropriate level of liquid funds through asset/liability management, which includes managing the mix and time to maturity of financial assets and financial liabilities on our balance sheet. Our liquidity position is enhanced by our ability to raise additional funds as needed in the wholesale markets.

Asset liquidity is provided by liquid assets which are readily marketable or pledgeable or which will mature in the near future. Liquid assets generally include cash, interest-bearing deposits in banks, securities available for sale, maturities and cash flow from securities held to maturity, sales of fixed rate residential mortgage loans in the secondary market, and federal funds sold and resell agreements. Liability liquidity generally is provided by access to funding sources which include core deposits and advances from the FHLB and other borrowing relationships with third party financial institutions.

Our liquidity position is continuously monitored and adjustments are made to the balance between sources and uses of funds as deemed appropriate. Liquidity risk management is an important element in our asset/liability management process. We regularly model liquidity stress scenarios to assess potential liquidity outflows or funding problems resulting from economic disruptions, volatility in the financial markets, unexpected credit events or other significant occurrences deemed problematic by management. These scenarios are incorporated into our contingency funding plan, which provides the basis for the identification of our liquidity needs.

As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had approximately $1021.14 million held in an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve. We also have the ability to borrow funds as a member of the FHLB. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, based upon available, pledgeable collateral, our total remaining borrowing capacity with the FHLB was approximately $~~106~~129.92 million. Furthermore, at December 31, ~~2024~~2025, we had approximately $~~179~~139.78 million in securities that were unencumbered by a pledge and could be used to support additional borrowings through repurchase agreements or the Federal Reserve discount window, as needed. As of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, management is not aware of any events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, capital resources or operations. In addition, management is not aware of any regulatory recommendations regarding liquidity that would have a material adverse effect on us.

In the ordinary course of business we have entered into contractual obligations and have made other commitments to make future payments. Refer to the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements elsewhere in this report for the expected timing of such payments as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025. These include payments related to (i) long-term borrowings (Note 1112: ~~Federal Home Loan Bank Advances~~Borrowings), (ii) time deposits with stated maturity dates (Note 1011: Deposits) and (iii) commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit (Note 1415: Commitments and Contingent Liabilities).

We also incur capital expenditures on an ongoing basis to expand and improve our product offerings, enhance and modernize our technology infrastructure, and to introduce new technology-based products to compete effectively in our markets. We evaluate capital expenditure projects based on a variety of factors, including expected strategic impacts (such as forecasted impact on revenue growth, productivity, expenses, service levels and customer retention) and our expected return on investment. The amount of capital investment is influenced by, among other things, current and projected demand for our services and products, cash flow generated by operating activities, cash required for other purposes and regulatory

considerations. Based on our current capital allocation objectives for 2025, management does not expect cash expenditures for capital investment in premises and equipment to have a material effect on our liquidity, capital resources or operations.

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is a separate legal entity from First Bank Richmond and must provide for its own liquidity. In addition to its own operating expenses, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is responsible for paying for any stock repurchases, dividends declared to its stockholders and other general corporate expenses. Since Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is a holding company and does not conduct operations, its primary sources of liquidity are interest on investment securities purchased with proceeds from our initial public offering, dividends up streamed from First Bank Richmond and borrowings from outside sources. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid to us by First Bank Richmond. "Note 18: Regulatory Capital" in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 and "How We Are Regulated - Dividends" contained in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-K. At December 31, 2024, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, on an unconsolidated basis, had $5.5 million in cash, noninterest-bearing deposits and liquid investments generally available for its cash needs.

See also the "Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows" included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K for further information.

Regulatory Capital Requirements. First Bank Richmond is subject to minimum capital requirements imposed by the FDIC. The FDIC may require us to have additional capital above the specific regulatory levels if it believes we are subject to increased risk due to asset problems, high interest rate risk and other risks. At December 31, 2024, First Bank Richmond’s regulatory capital exceeded the FDIC regulatory requirements, and First Bank Richmond was well-capitalized under regulatory prompt corrective action standards. Consistent with our goals to operate a sound and profitable organization, our policy is for First Bank Richmond to maintain well-capitalized status.

	Actual				Minimum for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Minimum to be Categorized as "Well-Capitalized" Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2024	(Dollars in thousands)
Total risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	181,415	14.2	%	$	102,014	8.0	%	$	127,518	10.0	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	165,471		13.0		76,511		6.0		102,014		8.0
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)	165,471		13.0		57,383		4.5		82,887		6.5
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to adjusted tangible assets)	165,471		10.7		61,579		4.0		76,974		5.0
As of December 31, 2023
Total risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	174,938	14.1	%	$	99,247	8.0	%	$	124,059	10.0	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	159,409		12.8		74,435		6.0		99,247		8.0
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)	159,409		12.8		55,826		4.5		80,638		6.5
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to adjusted tangible assets)	159,409		10.6		59,931		4.0		74,914		5.0

~~Pursuant~~considerations. toBased ~~the~~on ~~capital~~our ~~regulations~~current ofcapital ~~the~~allocation ~~FDIC~~objectives ~~and~~for ~~the other federal banking agencies~~2026, ~~First~~management ~~Bank~~does ~~Richmond~~not ~~must~~expect ~~maintain~~cash aexpenditures ~~capital~~for ~~conservation buffer consisting of additional common equity tier 1 (“CET1”)~~ capital ~~greater~~investment ~~than~~in ~~2.5%~~premises ~~of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum levels of risk-based CET1 capital, tier 1 capital~~ and ~~total~~equipment ~~capital~~to inhave ~~order~~a tomaterial ~~avoid~~effect ~~limitations~~ on ~~paying~~our ~~dividends~~liquidity, ~~repurchasing shares, and paying discretionary bonuses. At December 31, 2024, the Bank’s CET1~~ capital ~~exceeded~~resources ~~the~~or ~~required capital conservation buffer~~operations.

~~For~~Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is a ~~bank~~separate ~~holding~~legal ~~company~~entity ~~with~~from ~~less~~First ~~than~~Bank $3Richmond and must provide for its own liquidity.0 ~~billion~~In inaddition ~~assets~~to its own operating expenses, ~~the~~Richmond ~~capital~~Mutual ~~guidelines~~Bancorporation ~~apply~~is onresponsible afor ~~bank~~paying ~~only~~for ~~basis~~any stock repurchases, dividends declared to its stockholders, and ~~the~~other ~~Federal~~general ~~Reserve~~corporate ~~Board~~expenses. ~~expects~~Since ~~the~~Richmond Mutual Bancorporation is a holding company’s ~~subsidiary~~and ~~banks~~does tonot beconduct ~~well~~operations, ~~capitalized~~its ~~under~~primary ~~the~~sources ~~prompt~~of ~~corrective~~liquidity ~~action~~are ~~regulations~~interest on investment securities purchased with proceeds from our initial public offering, dividends upstreamed from First Bank Richmond, and borrowings from outside sources. If Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid to us by First Bank Richmond. ~~Mutual~~"Note ~~Bancorporation~~19: ~~was~~Regulatory ~~subject~~Capital" in the accompanying notes to ~~regulatory~~consolidated ~~guidelines~~financial ~~for~~statements ~~bank~~contained ~~holding~~in ~~companies~~Part ~~with~~II, ~~$3.0~~Item ~~billion~~8 orand ~~more~~"How We Are Regulated - Dividends" contained in ~~assets~~Part I, atItem I of this Form 10-K. At December 31, ~~2024~~2025, itRichmond ~~would~~Mutual ~~have~~Bancorporation, ~~exceeded~~on ~~all~~an ~~regulatory~~unconsolidated ~~capital~~basis, ~~requirements~~had $3.0 million in cash, noninterest-bearing deposits, and liquid investments generally available for its cash needs.

See also the "Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows" included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Form 10-K for further information.

Regulatory Capital Requirements. First Bank Richmond is subject to minimum capital requirements imposed by the FDIC. The FDIC may require us to have additional capital above the specific regulatory levels if it believes we are subject to increased risk due to asset problems, high interest rate risk and other risks. At December 31, 2025, First Bank Richmond’s regulatory capital exceeded the FDIC regulatory requirements, and First Bank Richmond was well-capitalized under regulatory prompt corrective action standards. Consistent with our goals to operate a sound and profitable organization, our policy is for First Bank Richmond to maintain well-capitalized status.


	Actual				Minimum for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Minimum to be Categorized as "Well-Capitalized" Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

As of December 31, 2025	(Dollars in thousands)

Total risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	186,532	14.6	%	$	101,960	8.0	%	$	127,451	10.0	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	170,591		13.4		76,470		6.0		101,960		8.0
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)	170,591		13.4		57,353		4.5		82,843		6.5
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to adjusted tangible assets)	170,591		11.0		62,290		4.0		77,862		5.0

As of December 31, 2024

Total risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	181,415	14.2	%	$	102,014	8.0	%	$	127,518	10.0	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital (to risk weighted assets)	165,471		13.0		76,511		6.0		102,014		8.0
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)	165,471		13.0		57,383		4.5		82,887		6.5
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital (to adjusted tangible assets)	165,471		10.7		61,579		4.0		76,974		5.0

Pursuant to the capital regulations of the FDIC and the other federal banking agencies, First Bank Richmond must maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum levels of risk-based CET1 capital, tier 1 capital and total capital in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, repurchasing shares, and paying discretionary bonuses. At December 31, 2025, the Bank’s CET1 capital exceeded the required capital conservation buffer.

For a bank holding company with less than $3.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis and the Federal Reserve Board expects the holding company’s subsidiary banks to be well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. If Richmond Mutual Bancorporation was subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $3.0 billion or more in assets, at December 31, 2025, it would have exceeded all regulatory capital requirements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Management of Market Risk

Our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk as the majority of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. A principal part of our operations is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our financial condition and results of operations to changes in market interest rates. Our Asset/Liability Committee is responsible for evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our balance sheet, for determining the appropriate level of risk given our business strategy, operating environment, capital and liquidity, and for managing this risk consistent with our policies and guidelines.

Our strategy attempts to manage the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income, which is our primary source of earnings. Among the actions taken are:

•Originate commercial and commercial real estate loans, which generally have shorter terms and higher yields than owner-occupied one-to four-family residential real estate loans.

•Sell substantially all longer-term fixed-rate residential real estate loans in the secondary market.

•Cultivate stable deposit relationships with business and consumer customers.

•Acquire longer-term, fixed-rate borrowings when appropriate to reduce our sensitivity to changing interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk. The Asset/Liability Committee monitors First Bank Richmond’s interest rate risk (“IRR”) position and meets quarterly to review pricing, liquidity needs, and to assess our interest rate risk. We currently utilize a third-party modeling program prepared quarterly to evaluate our sensitivity to changing interest rates.

The table below sets forth, as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the calculation of the estimated changes in our net interest income that results from the designated immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve.

Change in Interest Rates(basis points)(1)	Net Interest IncomeYear 1 Forecast		Year 1 Changefrom Level
	(Dollars in thousands)
+300	$	3843,~~369~~245	(012.8696)	%
+200	3845,~~524~~999		(07.4642)
+100	3848,~~586~~137		(03.3012)
Level	3849,~~702~~686		—
-100	3850,~~963~~225		01.6708
-200	3951,~~248~~581		13.4181
-300	3952,~~602~~773		26.3321

_________________________

(1)Assumes an immediate uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

6162

Economic Value of Equity. Interest rate risk is monitored through the use of a simulation model that also estimates the amounts by which the fair value of our assets and liabilities (Economic Value of Equity, or “EVE”) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. The reports that are prepared quarterly in the simulation assist the Asset/Liability Committee in measuring and monitoring interest rate risk over a longer-term than the interest rate risk model does when looking at earnings simulations.

The table below sets forth, as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025, the estimated changes in our EVE that would result from instantaneous changes in market interest rates. This table assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

Basis Point (“bp”) Change in Interest Rates(1)

Estimated Increase (Decrease) in EVE

Estimated EVE(2)

Amount

Percent

(Dollars in thousands)

+300

99101,~~472~~336

(4351,~~245~~490)

(3033.3069)

+200

~~115~~121,~~432~~856

(2730,~~285~~970)

(1920.1226)

+100

~~127~~138,~~778~~150

(14,~~939~~676)

(109.4760)

Level

~~142~~152,~~717~~826

—

-100

~~157~~162,~~523~~793

149,~~806~~967

106.3752

-200

~~178~~180,~~450~~630

3527,~~733~~804

2518.0419

-300

191,~~163~~977

4839,~~446~~151

3325.9562

_____________________

(1)Assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

(2)EVE is the discounted present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts.

In evaluating our exposure to interest rate movements, certain shortcomings inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing tables must be considered. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or re-pricing periods, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable-rate mortgages, have features which restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. Further, in the event of a significant change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels would likely deviate significantly from those assumed above. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their debt may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase. We consider all of these factors in monitoring our exposure to interest rate risk.

The Asset/Liability Committee annually reviews reinvestment rate assumptions, along with the betas used in the IRR and EVE modeling. We generally manage our balance sheet based on potential changes to net interest income under various rate scenarios. The EVE ratio is useful in long-term planning; but management gives more weight to changes in net interest income under various rate scenarios. IRR projections are tested annually, and the model is subject to a third-party review annually.

6263

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders, Board of Directors, and Audit Committee

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Richmond, Indiana

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, ~~2024,~~2025 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits.

We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases – Qualitative Adjustments

As described in Note 56 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (ACL) was approximately $1516,~~791~~466,000 as of December 31, ~~2024~~2025. The ACL is established for current expected credit losses on the Company's loan and lease portfolios.

6364

The Company estimates expected future losses for the loan's entire contractual term, taking into account expected payments when appropriate. The ACL is an estimation based on management's evaluation of expected losses related to the Company's financial assets measured at amortized cost. It considers relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to the historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the Company's outstanding loan and lease balances. The Company utilizes a cash flow analysis method of estimating expected losses, which relies on key inputs and assumptions. Significant factors affecting the calculation are the segmenting of loans and leases based upon similar risk characteristics, applied loss rates based upon reasonable and supportable forecasts, and contractual term adjustments, including prepayment and curtailment adjustments. To ensure the ACL is maintained at an adequate level, a detailed analysis is performed on a quarterly basis, with an appropriate provision made to adjust the ACL. Qualitative adjustments are applied to each collectively segmented pool to appropriately capture differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics.

We identified the qualitative adjustments component of the ACL as a critical audit matter. The ~~qualitative~~principal ~~adjustments~~considerations ~~component~~for ~~involves~~that adetermination included the high degree of ~~auditor~~judgment and subjectivity in ~~evaluating~~auditing management’s ~~estimates,~~measurements ~~such~~of asthose ~~evaluating~~qualitative ~~management’s~~factor ~~assessment~~adjustments ofrelated to economic conditions and other external factors. ~~used~~Auditing tothese ~~determine~~assumptions ~~the~~required ~~qualitative~~a ~~adjustments~~high degree of auditor effort and specialized skills and knowledge.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

•Gaining an understanding of controls over the qualitative adjustments used in the ACL calculation including controls addressing the:

•Determination of qualitative adjustments for each loan and lease segment.

•Completeness and accuracy of the inputs to the qualitative adjustments applied to each loan and lease segment in the ACL calculation.

•Substantively testing management's determination of the qualitative adjustments used in the ACL calculation, including:

•Testing management’s process for developing the qualitative adjustments, which included assessing the relevance and reliability of data used to develop the qualitative adjustments, and included evaluating management’s judgments and assumptions for reasonableness. Among other procedures, our evaluation considered evidence from internal and external sources.

•Performing a qualitative factor sensitivity analysis.

•Evaluating the qualitative adjustments for directional consistency, testing the qualitative adjustments for reasonableness, and obtaining evidence for significant changes.

•Testing the mathematical accuracy of the qualitative adjustments applied to the loan segments in the ACL calculation.

/s/ ~~FORVIS~~Forvis ~~MAZARS~~Mazars, LLP

Forvis Mazars, LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since at least 1982; however, an earlier year cannot be determined.

Indianapolis, Indiana

March 2723, ~~2025~~2026

6465

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2025 and 2024

	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	89,~~986~~275,~~540~~184	$	8,~~578~~986,~~489~~540
Interest-bearing demand deposits	1223,~~770~~855,~~650~~310		1112,~~661~~770,~~636~~650
Cash and cash equivalents	2133,~~757~~130,~~190~~494		2021,~~240~~757,~~125~~190
Interest-bearing time deposits	~~300~~2,070,000		—300,000
Investment securities - available for sale	~~258~~251,~~191~~915,~~630~~497		~~282~~258,~~688~~191,~~326~~630
Investment securities - held to maturity	32,~~497~~747,~~913~~889		43,~~949~~497,~~530~~913
Loans held for sale	1828,~~092,920~~000		~~793~~1,~~500~~092,920
Loans and leases, net of allowance for credit losses of $15,790,885 and$15,663,153, respectively	1,158,879,008		1,090,073,198
Loans and leases, net of allowance for credit losses of $16,465,708 and$15,790,885, respectively	1,176,812,906		1,158,879,008
Premises and equipment, net	1213,~~922~~396,~~028~~583		1312,~~311~~922,~~892~~028
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	13,907,100		1213,~~647~~907,100
Interest receivable	6,~~030~~299,~~000~~925		56,~~843~~030,~~705~~000
Mortgage-servicing rights	1,~~950~~883,~~504~~446		1,~~945~~950,~~367~~504
Cash surrender value of life insurance	3,~~856~~953,~~494~~634		3,~~764~~856,~~929~~494
Other assets	2218,~~490~~845,~~073~~066		2422,~~766~~490,~~129~~073
Total assets	$	1,~~504~~525,~~874~~790,~~860~~540	$	1,~~461~~504,~~023~~874,~~801~~860
Liabilities
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	~~110~~100,~~105~~090,~~973~~746	$	~~114~~110,~~376~~105,~~777~~973
Interest-bearing deposits	~~983~~1,~~833~~014,~~884~~802,514		~~926~~983,~~763~~833,~~134~~884
Total deposits	1,~~093~~114,~~939~~893,~~857~~260		1,~~041~~093,~~139~~939,~~911~~857
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	~~265~~240,000,000		~~271~~265,000,000
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	590,439		588,371
Other borrowings	12,000,000		—
Interest payable	4,831,674		4,396,952
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	650,674		590,439
Other liabilities	7,641,130		9,038,991
Interest payable	3,456,973		4,831,674
Total liabilities	1,372,003,100		1,326,164,225
Other liabilities	9,008,533		7,641,130
Total liabilities	1,380,009,440		1,372,003,100
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	—		—
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized - 90,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 10,814,960 shares and 11,208,500 shares at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively	108,150		112,085
Issued and outstanding - 10,501,260 shares and 10,814,960 shares at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively	105,013		108,150
Additional paid-in capital	9792,~~709~~897,~~231~~260		~~101~~97,~~347~~709,~~566~~231
Retained earnings	9197,~~582~~324,~~986~~605		8791,~~902~~582,~~747~~986
Unearned employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)	(109,~~722~~987,~~410~~093)		(1110,~~457~~722,~~726~~410)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(4534,~~806~~558,~~197~~685)		(4345,~~045~~806,~~096~~197)
Total stockholders' equity	~~132~~145,~~871~~781,~~760~~100		~~134~~132,~~859~~871,~~576~~760
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,~~504~~525,~~874~~790,~~860~~540	$	1,~~461~~504,~~023~~874,~~801~~860

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6566

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

Years Ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

	2024		2023
	2025		2024
Interest Income
Loans and leases	$	7177,~~596~~383,~~350~~468	$	5871,~~793~~596,~~495~~350
Investment securities	87,~~103~~705,~~183~~994		8,~~054~~103,~~095~~183
Other	~~826~~818,~~661~~092		~~562~~826,~~323~~661
Total interest income	8085,~~526~~907,~~194~~554		6780,~~409~~526,~~913~~194
Interest Expense
Deposits	31,~~750~~248,~~966~~368		2231,~~809~~750,~~866~~966
Borrowings	10,~~068~~812,~~067~~848		610,~~937~~068,~~656~~067
Total interest expense	4142,~~819~~061,~~033~~216		2941,~~747~~819,~~522~~033
Net Interest Income	3843,~~707~~846,~~161~~338		3738,~~662~~707,~~391~~161
Provision for credit losses	~~550~~2,~~265~~152,969		~~531~~550,~~974~~265
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses	3841,~~156~~693,~~896~~369		3738,~~130~~156,~~417~~896
Non-interest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts	1,~~238~~265,~~661~~712		1,~~115~~238,~~079~~661
Card fee income	1,~~236~~316,~~692~~702		1,~~258~~236,~~718~~692
Loan and lease servicing fees, including mortgage servicing right impairment	~~463~~680,~~337~~807		~~448~~463,~~027~~337
Net loss on securities (includes $(50,698) and $0, respectively, related to accumulated other comprehensive loss reclassifications)	(50,698)		—
Net loss on securities (includes $(156,040) and $(50,698), respectively, related to accumulated other comprehensive loss reclassifications)	(156,040)		(50,698)
Net gains on loan and lease sales	~~554~~409,~~546~~369		~~517~~554,~~883~~546
Other income	1,~~315~~545,~~614~~856		1,~~271~~315,~~072~~614
Total non-interest income	45,~~758~~062,~~152~~406		4,~~610~~758,~~779~~152
Non-interest Expenses
Salaries and employee benefits	18,~~348~~543,~~049~~844		1718,~~438~~348,~~599~~049
Net occupancy expenses	1,~~354~~455,~~982~~560		1,~~333~~354,~~625~~982
Equipment expenses	~~926~~1,~~548~~000,925		1926,~~127,770~~548
Data processing fees	3,~~615~~789,~~221~~236		3,~~348~~615,~~543~~221
Deposit insurance expense	1,~~530~~194,~~500~~000		1,~~163~~530,~~060~~500
Printing and office supplies	~~170~~181,~~282~~829		~~163~~170,~~339~~282
Legal and professional fees	1,~~822~~839,~~092~~738		1,~~598~~822,~~453~~092
Advertising expense	~~377~~432,~~787~~761		~~385~~377,~~471~~787
Bank service charges	~~230~~150,~~410~~566		~~204~~230,~~161~~410
Real estate owned expense	2225,~~653~~271		5822,~~759~~653
Other expenses	34,~~652~~489,~~828~~017		3,~~916~~652,~~699~~828
Total non-interest expenses	3233,~~051~~102,~~352~~747		3032,~~738~~051,~~479~~352
Income Before Income Tax Expense	1013,~~863~~653,~~696~~028		1110,~~002~~863,~~717~~696
Provision for income taxes (includes $(10,647) and $0, respectively, related to income tax expense from reclassification of items)	1,486,348		1,515,881
Provision for income taxes (includes $(32,769) and $(10,647), respectively, related to income tax expense from reclassification of items)	2,076,261		1,486,348
Net Income	$	911,~~377~~576,~~348~~767	$	9,~~486~~377,~~836~~348
Earnings Per Share
Basic	$	01.9320	$	0.9193
Diluted	$	01.9217	$	0.9192

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6667

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Years Ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

	2024		2023
	2025		2024
Net Income	$	911,~~377~~576,~~348~~767	$	9,~~486~~377,~~836~~348
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax benefit (expense) of $744,610 and $(1,782,629), respectively	(2,801,152)		6,706,079
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax (expense) benefit of $(2,957,076) and $744,610, respectively	11,124,240		(2,801,152)
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net income, net of tax expense of $(10,647) and $0, respectively	(40,051)		—
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized losses included in net income, net of tax expense of $(32,769) and $(10,647), respectively	(123,272)		(40,051)
Total Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	(2,761,101)		6,706,079
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	11,247,512		(2,761,101)
Comprehensive Income	$	622,~~616~~824,~~247~~279	$	166,~~192~~616,~~915~~247

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6768

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Years Ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

	Common Stock			AdditionalPaid-inCapital		RetainedEarnings		UnearnedESOPShares		AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLoss		Total
	SharesOutstanding	Amount
Balances, December 31, 2022	11,784,246	$	117,842	$	106,088,897	$	88,122,052	$	(12,193,043)	$	(49,751,175)	$	132,384,573
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption	—	—		—		(3,785,168)		—		—		(3,785,168)
Balances, January 1, 2023	11,784,246	117,842		106,088,897		84,336,884		(12,193,043)		(49,751,175)		128,599,405
Net income	—	—		—		9,486,836		—		—		9,486,836
Other comprehensive income, net of tax expense	—	—		—		—		—		6,706,079		6,706,079
ESOP shares earned	—	—		(123,772)		—		735,317		—		611,545
Stock based compensation	—	—		1,627,203		—		—		—		1,627,203
Common stock dividends ($0.56 per share)	—	—		—		(5,920,973)		—		—		(5,920,973)
Repurchase of common stock	(575,746)	(5,757)		(6,244,762)		—		—		—		(6,250,519)
Balances, December 31, 2023	11,208,500	$	112,085	$	101,347,566	$	87,902,747	$	(11,457,726)	$	(43,045,096)	$	134,859,576
Net income	—	—		—		9,377,348		—		—		9,377,348
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefit	—	—		—		—		—		(2,761,101)		(2,761,101)
ESOP shares earned	—	—		(74,344)		—		735,316		—		660,972
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	(400)	(4)		4		—		—		—		—
Stock based compensation	—	—		1,474,062		—		—		—		1,474,062
Exercise of stock options1	1,952	20		(32)		—		—		—		(12)
Exercise of stock options(1)	1,952	20		(32)		—		—		—		(12)
Common stock dividends ($0.56 per share)	—	—		—		(5,697,109)		—		—		(5,697,109)
Repurchase of common stock	(395,092)	(3,951)		(5,038,025)		—		—		—		(5,041,976)
Balances, December 31, 2024	10,814,960	$	108,150	$	97,709,231	$	91,582,986	$	(10,722,410)	$	(45,806,197)	$	132,871,760
Net income	—	—		—		11,576,767		—		—		11,576,767
Other comprehensive income, net of tax expense	—	—		—		—		—		11,247,512		11,247,512
ESOP shares earned	—	—		2,734		—		735,317		—		738,051
Granting of restricted stock awards	88,379	884		(884)		—		—		—		—
Stock based compensation	—	—		815,821		—		—		—		815,821
Exercise of stock options(1)	23,744	237		(241)		—		—		—		(4)
Common stock dividends ($0.60 per share)	—	—		—		(5,835,148)		—		—		(5,835,148)
Repurchase of common stock	(425,823)	(4,258)		(5,629,401)		—		—		—		(5,633,659)
Balances, December 31, 2025	10,501,260	$	105,013	$	92,897,260	$	97,324,605	$	(9,987,093)	$	(34,558,685)	$	145,781,100

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) The amount shown represents the number of shares issued in net-settled option transactions where some shares are netted from a portion of the exercises.

6869

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

	2024		2023
	2025		2024
Operating Activities
Net income	$	911,~~377~~576,~~348~~767	$	9,~~486~~377,~~836~~348
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for credit losses	~~550~~2,~~265~~152,969		~~531~~550,~~974~~265
Depreciation and amortization	~~850~~891,~~244~~834		~~975~~850,~~813~~244
Deferred income tax	~~158~~(114,~~285~~442)		~~641~~158,~~148~~285
Stock based compensation	1815,~~474,062~~821		1,~~627~~474,~~203~~062
Investment securities amortization, net	~~943~~754,~~315~~838		1943,~~136,167~~315
Net loss on sale of investment securities available for sale	50156,~~698~~040		—50,698
Net gains on loan and lease sales	(~~554~~409,~~546~~369)		(~~517~~554,~~883~~546)
Loss on sale of real estate owned	7,050		4,042
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate owned	(6,067)		7,050
Gain on sale of premises and equipment	(64,~~000~~500)		(16,~~800~~000)
Accretion of loan origination fees	(~~767~~884,~~469~~026)		(~~945~~767,~~579~~469)
Amortization of mortgage-servicing rights	~~192~~208,~~807~~603		~~213~~192,~~891~~807
ESOP shares expense	~~660~~738,~~972~~051		~~611~~660,~~545~~972
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance	(9197,~~565~~140)		(9091,~~430~~565)
Loans originated for sale	(2620,~~266~~708,~~889~~456)		(1926,~~829~~266,~~819~~889)
Proceeds on loans sold	2620,~~566~~443,~~309~~536		2026,~~149~~566,~~619~~309
Net change in
Interest receivable	(~~186~~269,~~295~~925)		(1186,~~133,224~~295)
Other assets	2732,~~757,010~~172		(12,~~986~~757,~~401)~~010
Other liabilities	(1,~~397~~367,~~861)~~403		(1,~~786~~397,~~506~~861)
Interest payable	~~434~~(1,~~722~~374,701)		3434,~~027,601~~722
Net cash provided by operating activities	1415,~~752~~969,~~462~~408		1214,~~114~~752,~~197~~462
Investing Activities
Net change in interest-bearing time deposits	(~~300~~1,770,000)		~~490~~(300,000)
Purchases of securities available for sale	(75,~~501~~702,~~450~~862)		(117,~~242~~501,~~380~~450)
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities available for sale	2018,~~603~~540,~~526~~188		20,~~810~~603,~~919~~526
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	6,~~907~~765,~~932~~888		—6,907,932
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of securities held to maturity	1749,~~449,228~~419		1,~~718~~449,~~044~~228
Net change in loans	(6818,~~868~~405,~~279~~177)		(~~131~~68,~~955~~868,~~234~~279)
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned	~~125~~43,~~109~~502		~~963~~125,~~871~~109
Purchases of premises and equipment	(~~460~~1,~~380~~361,889)		(~~619~~460,~~209~~380)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	~~6,000~~—		16,~~800~~000
Purchases of FHLB stock	~~(1,260,000)~~—		(21,~~699~~260,~~800~~000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(491,~~298~~140,~~314~~931)		(~~122~~49,~~531~~298,~~989~~314)
Financing Activities
Net change in
Demand and savings deposits	2316,~~730~~564,~~746~~101		~~(21~~23,~~513~~730,~~087)~~746
Certificates of deposit	294,~~069~~389,~~200~~302		5729,~~392~~069,~~228~~200
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance	260,~~068~~235		282,~~175~~068
Proceeds from FHLB advances	288,500,000		541,500,000
Proceeds from other borrowings	12,000,000		—
Repayment of FHLB advances	(294,500,000)		(450,500,000)
Proceeds from FHLB advances	284,000,000		288,500,000
Repurchase of common stock	(5,041,976)		(6,250,519)
Repayment of FHLB advances	(309,000,000)		(294,500,000)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	(12)		—
Repurchase of common stock	(5,633,659)		(5,041,976)
Dividends paid	(5,697,109)		(5,920,973)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	(4)		(12)
Net cash provided by financing activities	36,062,917		114,735,824
Dividends paid	(5,835,148)		(5,697,109)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	1,517,065		4,318,032
Net cash provided by financing activities	(3,455,173)		36,062,917
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period	20,240,125		15,922,093
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	11,373,304		1,517,065
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period	$	21,757,190	$	20,240,125
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period	21,757,190		20,240,125
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period	$	33,130,494	$	21,757,190
Additional Cash Flows and Supplementary Information
Interest paid	$	4143,~~384~~435,~~311~~917	$	2641,~~719~~384,~~921~~311
Income tax paid	~~(406~~1,~~837)~~338,381		2(406,~~050,000~~837)
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned	3756,~~435~~136		137,~~053,040~~435
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	298,061		—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6970

Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, ~~2024~~2025 and ~~2023~~2024

(Table Dollar Amounts in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Note 1: Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

On July 1, 2019, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“RMB-Delaware”), completed its reorganization from a mutual holding company form of organization to a stock form of organization (“corporate reorganization”). RMB-Delaware, which owned 100% of First Bank Richmond (the “Bank” or “First Bank”), was succeeded by Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc., a new Maryland corporation (the "Company”). As part of the corporate reorganization, First Mutual of Richmond, Inc.’s (the “MHC”) ownership interest in RMB-Delaware was sold in a public offering. Gross proceeds from the offering were $130.3 million. In conjunction with the corporate reorganization, the Company contributed 500,000 shares and $1.25 million of cash to a newly formed charitable foundation, First Bank Richmond, Inc. Community Foundation (the “Foundation”). Additionally, a “liquidation account” was established for the benefit of certain depositors of the Bank in an amount equal to the MHC’s ownership interest in the retained earnings of RMB-Delaware as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2019.

First Bank, headquartered in Richmond, Indiana, is a state-chartered commercial bank. Established in 1887 as a mutual savings and loan, it became a federal mutual savings and loan in 1935, operating as First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Richmond. In 1993, the Bank operated as First Bank Richmond, S. B. after converting to a state-chartered mutual savings bank. It transitioned to a national bank charter in 1998 as part of a mutual holding company reorganization. In 2007, its holding company, Richmond Mutual Bancorporation-Delaware, acquired Mutual Federal Savings Bank in Sidney, Ohio. Mutual Federal operated independently until 2016, when it merged with First Bank Richmond to streamline operations. In 2017, the Bank converted to an Indiana state-chartered commercial bank and adopted the name First Bank Richmond, while continuing to operate in Ohio under the name Mutual Federal, a division of First Bank Richmond.

First Bank generates commercial, mortgage and consumer loans and leases, and receives deposits from customers located primarily in Wayne and Shelby Counties in Indiana, and Shelby, Miami, and Franklin Counties in Ohio. First Bank’s loans and leases are generally secured by specific items of collateral including real property, consumer assets and business assets. When the word "loan" or "loans" is used in these financial statements it includes leases, unless the context indicates otherwise.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses.

Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and First Bank and their direct and indirect subsidiaries after elimination of all material intercompany transactions.

Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Investment Securities - Debt securities are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities not classified as held to maturity or not classified as trading are classified as available for sale.

7071

Debt securities available for sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported separately in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Equity securities are carried at fair value with changes in unrealized gains and losses recognized through net income. Trading account securities are held for resale in anticipation of short-term market movements and are valued at fair value. Gains and losses, both realized and unrealized, are included in other income.

The Company accounts for recognition and presentation of impaired securities in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Code ("ASC") 326. When an impairment has occurred, it is determined whether or not the impairment is due to credit or non-credit related factors. If it is determined that the impairment is credit-related, then it must also be determined if the Company has the intent to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of these factors are present, then the impairment will be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the sale of the security will not be required before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the present values of expected cash flows to be collected from the security will be compared against the amortized cost basis of the security. If the amortized cost basis of the security is greater than the present cash flows expected, a credit loss would exist and it would determine the amount of allowance, if any, that would be deemed needed. A needed allowance would result in an allowance recognized on the balance sheet with a corresponding adjustment to earnings.

Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recorded as interest income from securities. Realized gains and losses are recorded as net security gains (losses). Gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on the specific-identification method.

Purchased premiums and discounts on collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) and other mortgage related securities are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method. The period of amortization used is estimated based on anticipated principal prepayments. Differences between anticipated and actual prepayments result in adjustments which are charged or credited to income as an adjustment to yield. For classification purposes, REMICs are grouped with mortgage-backed securities.

Leases - Lease financing consists of direct financing leases. Direct financing leases are carried at cost. Cost is defined as the total minimum lease payments receivable and the estimated residual value of the leased property, less the amount of unearned income. Unearned income on direct financing leases is recognized as income over the term of the lease using a method that approximates the interest method.

Loans - Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at their outstanding principal balances adjusted for unearned income, charge-offs, the allowance for credit losses on loans, any unamortized deferred fees or costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans.

For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized as a level yield adjustment over the respective term of the loan.

For all loan classes, the accrual of interest is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. For all loan classes, the entire balance of the loan is considered past due if the minimum payment contractually required to be paid is not received by the contractual due date. For all loan classes, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

For all loan portfolio segments except residential and consumer loans, the Company promptly charges off loans, or portions thereof, when available information confirms that specific loans are uncollectible based on

7172

information that includes, but is not limited to, (1) the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, (2) declining collateral values, and/or (3) legal action, including bankruptcy, that impairs the borrower’s ability to adequately meet its obligations. For collateral dependent loans, a partial charge-off is recorded when a loss has been confirmed by an updated appraisal or other appropriate valuation of the collateral.

The Company charges off residential and consumer loans, or portions thereof, when the Company reasonably determines the amount of the loss. The Company adheres to timeframes established by applicable regulatory guidance, which provides for the charge-down of 1-4 family first and junior lien mortgages to the net realizable value, less costs to sell when the loan is 120 days past due, charge-off of unsecured open-end loans when the loan is 90 days past due, and charge down to the net realizable value when other secured loans are 90 days past due. Loans at these respective delinquency thresholds for which the Company can clearly document that the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection, such that collection will occur regardless of delinquency status, need not be charged off.

For all classes, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal. The Company requires a period of satisfactory performance of not less than six months before returning a nonaccrual loan to accrual status.

Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty recognize interest income on an accrual basis at the renegotiated rate or terms, provided the loan is in compliance with the modified terms. If determined that the modified loan or lease is less than the recorded investment in the loan, a charge-off is recognized to the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases.

Allowance for Credit Losses - The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company's loan and lease portfolios in accordance with ASC Topic 326. Losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for credit losses charged to income. Credit losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for credit losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is maintained at a level believed to be adequate to absorb expected credit losses within the Company's loan and lease portfolio. In evaluating the allowance, management considers all relevant information available, from internal and external sources relating to historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of collectively pooled and individually evaluated components. "Collectively pooled" refers to loans and leases grouped based upon similar risk characteristics. Quantitative methodologies and qualitative adjustments are applied to each pooled segment. The Company has identified eight segments of loans and leases which are collectively pooled based on similar risk characteristics.

The allowance for credit losses on pooled loans and leases is estimated based upon periodic review of the loan and lease portfolio. The Company utilizes a cash flow ("CF") model to estimate the portion of quantitative allowance reserve for collectively pooled loans and leases. CF models allow for effective incorporation of reasonable and supportable forecasts in a consistent manner. If inadequate information is available to perform CF modeling for a collective pool, the Company uses the Remaining Life Method ("RLM") as a substitute. The RLM uses periodic charge-off rates and applies those rates to the projected balances over the remaining life of the loan or lease.

7273

Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses, as the Company's policy is to write off accrued interest promptly when deemed uncollectible by reversing interest income.

Key inputs into the CF model include loan and lease-level information, such as the amortized cost basis of individual loans and leases, prepayment and curtailment rates for the collective pool, and forecasted loss drivers. The Company uses prepayment and curtailment rates based upon studies done using internal historical information, or benchmarked rates from external sources when the Company's own historical data is not sufficient. When estimating for credit loss, the Company forecasts the first four quarters of the credit loss estimate and reverts to a long-run average of each considered factor. The Company develops its reasonable and supportable forecasts using economic data, such as gross domestic product and unemployment rate.

For all collectively pooled segments, qualitative adjustments are applied to capture differences in current or expected qualitative risk characteristics. In assessing estimated credit losses, management considers any changes in the following factors and how they relate to the Company's current lending environment: (i) lending policies, procedures, and strategies, (ii) the nature and volume of the portfolio, (iii) international, national, regional, and local conditions, (iv) the experience, depth, and ability of lending management, (v) the volume and severity of past due loans, (vi) the quality of the loan and lease review system, (vii) the underlying collateral, (viii) concentration risk, and (ix) the effect of other external factors.

Loans and leases with different risk characteristics are individually evaluated for potential credit losses and assigned individual reserves. These individually evaluated loans and leases are removed from the pools and are not included in the collective evaluation. Individually analyzed loans and leases may be identified due to current information and events, such as non-accrual status, delinquency status or history, or other potential identifiers impacting the collectability of the loan or lease. Individual reserves are determined at the loan- or lease-level based on an analysis of the expected future cash flows, the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell, or observable market value.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale – Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value on an individual loan basis.

Premises and Equipment - Premises and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based principally on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while major additions and imp

Filing Compare · Richmond Mutual Bancorporation, Inc.