UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-32978

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

Colorado		84-1285791
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4251 Kipling St. Suite 390, Wheat Ridge, CO		80033
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (303) 534-1030

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	XPL	NYSE American

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

~~Yes~~ YES ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☒ NoNO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ NoNO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ NoNO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☒
Accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

YES ☐ NO ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

YES ☐ NO ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based upon the closing sale price of the registrant's common stock on June 3028, ~~2023~~2024 as reported on NYSE American, was approximately $3365,~~558~~923,000.

There were 7981,~~636~~638,~~358~~418 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding on March 2111, ~~2024~~2025.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which is expected to be filed by April 2930, ~~2024~~2025, have been incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART 1
Item 1	Business	3
Item 1A	Risk Factors	67
Item 1B	Unresolved Staff Comments	1415
Item 1C	Cybersecurity	1415
Item 2	Properties	16
Item 3	Legal Proceedings	3943
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	3943
PART II
Item 5	Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	44
		40
Item 6	[Reserved]	44
Item 6	[Reserved]	40
Item 7	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	45
Item 7	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7A	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	53
		41
Item 8	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	54
Item 7A	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	49
Item 9	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	72
Item 8	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	F-1
Item 9A	Controls and Procedures	72
Item 9	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 9B	Other Information	72
		50
Item 9C	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	72
Item 9A	Controls and Procedures	50
Item 9B	Other Information	50
Item 9C	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	50
PART III
Item 10	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	5173
Item 11	Executive Compensation	5173
Item 12	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	5173
Item 13	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	5274
Item 14	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	5274
PART IV
Item 15	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	5375
Item 16	Form 10-K Summary	5375
SIGNATURES		5476

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PART I

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements that constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical information and include the words "expects", "believes", "anticipates", "plans", "may", "will", "intend", "estimate", "continue" or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, items discussed below in Item 1A "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly release or update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are, however, advised to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and any current reports made on Form 8-K to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

Item 1. Business

Business and Company Formation

Solitario Resources Corp. (“Solitario” or the “Company”) is an exploration stage company as defined by rules issued by the SEC. Solitario was incorporated in the State of Colorado on November 15, 1984. Solitario has been actively involved in mineral exploration since 1993. Solitario’s primary business is to acquire exploration mineral properties and/or discover economic deposits on its mineral properties and advance these deposits, either on its own or through joint ventures, up to the development stage of the project. At that point, or sometime prior to that point, Solitario would likely attempt to sell its mineral properties, pursue their development either on its own or through a joint venture with a partner that has expertise in mining operations, or create a royalty with a third party that continues to advance the property. Solitario has never developed a property. Solitario’s primary focus is on the acquisition and exploration of precious metal, zinc and other base metal exploration mineral properties. In addition to focusing on its mineral exploration properties and the evaluation of mineral properties for acquisition, Solitario also from time to time evaluates potential strategic transactions as a means to acquire an interest in new precious and base metal properties and assets with exploration potential or other potential corporate transactions that Solitario determines to be favorable to Solitario.

Solitario has recorded revenue in the past from the sale of mineral properties, including the sale of certain mineral royalties. Revenues and / or proceeds from the sale or joint venture of properties or assets, although often significant when they occur, have not been a consistent annual source of cash and would only occur in the future, if at all, on an infrequent basis.

Solitario currently considers its Golden Crest project in South Dakota, its carried interest in the Florida Canyon project in Peru, and its interest in the Lik project in Alaska to be its core mineral property assets. Nexa Resources, Ltd. (“Nexa”), Solitario’s joint venture partner at Florida Canyon, is continuing the furtherance of the Florida Canyon project and Solitario is monitoring the progress at Florida Canyon. Solitario is working with its 50% joint venture partner, Teck American Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Teck Resources Limited (both companies are referred to in this Annual Report as “Teck”), at its Lik project. ~~Teck~~During ~~completed~~2024, aSolitario ~~drilling~~began ~~program~~work ~~and~~on ~~conducted~~a ~~mapping~~new ~~and~~early-stage ~~ground~~project, ~~gravity geophysical activities at~~ the ~~Lik~~Cat Creek project ~~during~~in ~~2022 and 2023~~Colorado. Solitario is conducting mineral exploration on its Golden Crest project and the Cat Creek project on its own.

As of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, Solitario anticipates using its cash and short-term investments, in part, to further fund the exploration of its Golden Crest, Florida Canyon, Lik and ~~Lik~~Cat Creek projects and to potentially evaluate and acquire additional mineral property assets. The fluctuations in precious metal and other commodity prices contribute to a challenging environment for mineral exploration and development, which has created opportunities as well as challenges for the potential acquisition of early-stage and advanced mineral exploration projects or other related assets on potentially attractive terms.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, Solitario had ~~six~~four full-time employees and three part-time seasonal employees. In addition, we use consultants and contractors with specific skills to assist with exploration activities, administration, due diligence, environmental and regulatory compliance, corporate governance, and asset and operations management.

Our compensation programs are designed to align compensation of our employees with Solitario’s corporate objectives and performance and are designed to provide incentives to attract, retain and motivate our employees and contractors to achieve their highest potential over both the short-term and long-term.

The health and safety of our employees and others is a priority in how we manage and operate our business. Overall ~~oversite~~oversight of the operations is the responsibility of Solitario’s Chief Executive Officer and the Board of Directors. Officers and employees are required to review Solitario’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and acknowledge their understanding of the content and intent to comply on a periodic basis.

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Solitario values the diversity and talents of its employees working together to achieve corporate goals and personal and professional goals and objectives. We seek to cultivate a culture that is sensitive to the importance of diversity and inclusion in the workplace and are committed to continuous improvement in these areas.

Environmental, Social and Governance

Solitario has a long history of committed environmental, social and responsible governance (“ESG”) of its business. ESG issues are important to Solitario’s investors, employees, and stakeholders, including communities in which we work. Solitario pledges to operate our business in a manner that supports environmental and social initiatives and responsible corporate governance. We work closely with our employees, government agencies, local communities and other stakeholders in the areas where we operate to include their interests and concerns to arrive at environmentally sound and socially responsible outcomes related to all of our operations. We believe our joint venture partners not only value the importance of ESG issues in the conduct of their activities on our projects but are also industry leaders on these important issues.

Risks and Uncertainties

Solitario is subject to various risks and uncertainties that are specific to the nature of its business and the exploration of its mineral properties. Solitario also faces various macro-economic risks and uncertainties, such as risks related to health epidemics, pandemics, and other outbreaks or resurgences of communicable diseases, the occurrence of natural disasters, rising geopolitical tension and instability, acts of war or terrorism, global economic uncertainty, inflationary pressures, ~~increased~~ interest ~~rates~~rate volatility, and volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets. These risks and uncertainties could significantly disrupt Solitario’s operations and may materially and adversely affect its business and financial condition. Certain of these risks and uncertainties are discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” below in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

Solitario will continue taking proactive steps to monitor and address the impacts of these risks and uncertainties on its operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Such steps may include, for example, modifying the scope of exploration projects to the extent necessary to respond to public-health emergencies~~, a step Solitario and its joint venture partners took to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic~~; reducing costs and increasing operational efficiency in response to inflationary stress and economic downturn; and performing ongoing evaluations of the potential impacts of market volatility, general economic uncertainty, and rising geopolitical tension on Solitario’s ability to access future traditional funding sources on the same or reasonably similar terms as in past periods. While Solitario will continue to monitor and address the effects of these risks and uncertainties, the extent to which they ultimately impact Solitario’s business, including its exploration and other activities and the market for its securities, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

Corporate Structure

· Solitario Resources Corp. [Colorado]

- Golden Crest Project [South Dakota] (100%)

	■	Golden Crest Project [South Dakota] (100%)
	■	Cat Creek Project [Colorado] (100%)

Zazu Metals Corporation. [Canada] (100%)

-■ Zazu Metals (AK) Corp. [Alaska] (100%)

-· Lik Project (50%)

- Minera Chambara, S.A. [Peru] (85%)

-	Minera Chambara, S.A. [Peru] (85%)
	■	Chambara Project
-	Minera Solitario Peru, S.A. [Peru] (100%)
-	Minera Bongará, S.A. [Peru] (39%)
	■	Florida Canyon Project
-	Minera Soloco, S.A. [Peru] (100%)

- Chambara Project

- Minera Solitario Peru, S.A. [Peru] (100%)

- Minera Bongará, S.A. [Peru] (39%)

- Florida Canyon Project

- Minera Soloco, S.A. [Peru] (100%)

Mineral Exploration Properties

We hold a 50% operating interest in the Lik zinc-lead-silver property in northwest Alaska, which is estimated to contain a large tonnage, high-grade deposit potentially mineable by open-pit methods. Teck is a 50% partner with Solitario in the Lik deposit, with Teck acting as the project manager from 2018 through 2023. In late 2021 Solitario engaged Gustavson & Associates to complete a S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary on the Lik project (the “S-K 1300 Lik TRS”) which was completed in March 2022. A Preliminary Economic Assessment (“PEA”) was completed on the Lik deposit in 2014.

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Solitario also has a 39% interest in the advanced, high-grade, Florida Canyon zinc project located in northern Peru. The project has a significant mineral resource and Solitario is fully carried to production by its joint venture partner Nexa, formerly Votorantim Metais Holdings, SA (“Votorantim”) and Compañía Minera Milpo S.A.A. (“Milpo”). Nexa is one of the largest zinc producers in Peru. In late 2021 Solitario engaged Gustavson & Associates to complete a S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary on the Florida Canyon ~~Project~~project (the “S-K 1300 Florida Canyon TRS”) which was completed in March 2022. Solitario and Nexa completed a PEA on the Florida Canyon deposit in August 2017. Except for the 2018-2019 drilling program for which Solitario voluntarily funded $1,580,000 of the 39-hole 17,033-meter drilling program, Nexa has funded 100% of project expenditures since the inception of the Florida Canyon joint venture in 2006. Nexa will increase its ownership to a 70% interest in the project from its current ownership of 61%, by continuing to solely fund all project expenditures and committing to place the project into production based upon a positive feasibility study. After earning 70%, and at the request of Solitario, in the event Nexa makes the decision to develop the Florida Canyon project, Nexa has agreed to finance Solitario's 30% participating interest for any development costs through a future loan facility to Solitario. Solitario would then repay the loan facility through 50% of its net cash flow distributions from the project.

During 2021 Solitario entered into a lease agreement with Golden Crest II, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company (the “GC Agreement”) whereby Solitario acquired exclusive exploration rights in certain claims (the “GC Claims”) in the Black Hills region of South Dakota. The GC Claims are part of Solitario’s Golden Crest project. Terms of the GC Agreement include required scheduled payments by Solitario to the underlying owner of $65,000 (paid upon signing) and an obligation to pay the underlying owner $60,000 at the first anniversary date which was paid in June 2022. Solitario recorded an initial acquisition cost of $125,000 during 2021 related to these required payments. In addition, to continue the lease, Solitario has agreed to pay, at its option, the underlying owner escalating annual payments that over five years total $340,000, and annual payments of $150,000 thereafter, which will be expensed as paid. During 2024, Solitario paid the underlying owner a bonus payment of $25,000, per the terms of the lease, because an initial drill hole contained a minimum of at least 10 meters of two (2) grams per tonne of gold. Solitario has agreed to pay the underlying owner an additional success fee of $1.00 per ounce of gold in the event Solitario files a 43-101 qualified resource of up to 1.5 million ounces of gold or a maximum of $1,500,000. In order to maintain the lease in good standing, Solitario has agreed to escalating work commitments, on the GC Claims and a related area of interest around the GC Claims totaling $3,000,000 during the first five years of the lease, with the first second and ~~second~~third-year minimum expenditures totaling $~~600~~1,200,000 for the period ending ~~June~~December ~~2022~~2024. Solitario has exceeded the minimum exploration expenditures required through ~~2023~~2024. The term of the GC Agreement is for twenty years and is automatically extended as long as Solitario is performing any exploration, development or mining activities on the GC Claims. The underlying owner retained a 2.0% Net Smelter Return royalty. Solitario will have the option, but not the obligation, to reduce the Net Smelter Return royalty to 1.0% by paying the owner $1,000,000.

In addition, Solitario staked additional mineral claims, including some claims included in the area of interest of the GC Claims and claims not related to the GC Claims, as part of the Golden Crest project. As of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, Solitario has incurred costs for staking, filing fees, legal and other costs totaling $1,~~035~~078,000 capitalized as initial acquisition costs related to claims on the Golden Crest project.

At December 31, ~~2023~~2024, Solitario also holds an 85% interest in the Chambara exploration project in Peru. Nexa holds the remaining 15% interest.

WeDuring ~~conduct~~2023 ~~exploration~~Solitario ~~and~~entered ~~property~~into ~~evaluation~~a ~~activities~~lease inagreement ~~Peru~~with ~~and~~Cat inCreek LLC, the ~~United~~underlying ~~States~~owner of certain mineral claims in ~~Alaska~~Colorado ~~and~~covering ~~South~~the ~~Dakota~~Cat ~~either~~Creek project (the “Cat Creek Agreement”). During 2024 Solitario capitalized its initial payments of $12,000 related to the Cat Creek project. Per the terms of the Cat Creek Agreement, to maintain the lease, Solitario has agreed to pay, at its option, additional annual payments totaling $127,000 through July 2028, of which $12,000 has been paid through December 31, 2024. In addition, to maintain the lease, Solitario has agreed to escalating work commitments on ~~our~~the ~~own~~Cat ~~using~~Creek ~~contract~~claims ~~geologists~~and the related area of interest around the Cat Creek claims totaling $2,270,000 orthrough December 31, 2029, with additional work commitments totaling $750,000 per year until December 2033. Solitario has exceeded the minimum exploration expenditure required through ~~joint~~2024. The ~~ventures~~underlying ~~operated~~owner retained a 2.0% Net Smelter Return royalty. Solitario will have the option, but not the obligation, to reduce the Net Smelter Return royalty to 1.0% by ~~our~~paying ~~partners~~the owner $1,000,000.

We conduct exploration and property evaluation activities in Peru and in the United States either on our own using contract geologists, or through joint ventures operated by our partners.

Our exploration activities and those of our joint venture partners are carried out on a property-by-property basis. These activities may include prospecting, geologic mapping, sampling, geophysics and drilling. When we determine that this work indicates a project may not be economically feasible or not contain sufficient geologic or economic potential, we may impair or completely write-off the property. A significant factor in the success or failure of our activities is the price of commodities. For example, when the price of zinc, gold or other commodities is down, we may determine that the value of our mineral exploration properties decreases; however, during such down markets it may also become easier and less expensive to locate and acquire new mineral exploration properties.

We have recorded revenue in the past from the sale of mineral properties and assets, joint venture property payments and the sale of royalties. Proceeds from the sale or joint venture of properties and royalty sales, although potentially significant when they occur, have not been a consistent source of cash and may only occur in the future, if at all, on an infrequent basis. Accordingly, while we conduct exploration activities on our projects, we need to maintain and replenish our capital resources. Historically, we have met our need for capital through (i) the sale of our investments in, and interest on, money market accounts and our short-term treasury notes and bank certificates of deposit (“CDs”); (ii) issuances of common stock; (iii) sales of our shares of common stock of Vendetta Mining Corp. (“Vendetta”), Vox Royalty Corp. (“Vox”) and Kinross Gold Corporation (“Kinross”); (iv) sales of covered call options on common stock of Kinross we hold; and (v) sale of mineral property interests and assets. In certain cases, we have reduced our exposure to the costs of our exploration activities through the use of joint ventures.

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We ~~operate~~have recorded revenue in ~~one~~the ~~segment:~~past ~~mineral~~from ~~exploration.~~the Wesale ~~currently~~of ~~conduct~~mineral properties and assets, ~~whether~~joint ~~directly~~venture orproperty ~~through~~payments ~~our~~and the sale of royalties. Proceeds from the sale or joint venture ~~partners,~~of ~~exploration~~properties ~~activities~~and inroyalty ~~Peru~~sales, ~~Alaska~~although ~~and~~potentially ~~South~~significant ~~Dakota~~when ~~and~~they ~~evaluate~~occur, ~~properties~~have ~~for~~not ~~potential~~been ~~acquisition~~a ~~and~~consistent ~~evaluation~~source of ~~strategic~~cash ~~corporate~~and ~~opportunities~~may ~~throughout~~only ~~North~~occur ~~and~~in ~~South~~the ~~America~~future, if at all, on an infrequent basis. Accordingly, Aswhile ofwe ~~March~~conduct 21exploration activities on our projects, ~~2024~~we need to maintain and replenish our capital resources. Historically, we ~~had~~have ~~six~~met ~~full-time~~our ~~employees~~need ~~located~~for incapital through (i) the ~~United~~sale ~~States~~of our investments in, and nointerest ~~full~~on, money market accounts and our short-~~time~~term ~~employees~~treasury ~~outside~~notes and bank certificates of ~~the~~deposit ~~United~~(“CDs”); ~~States.~~(ii) Weissuances ~~utilize~~of ~~contract~~common ~~managers,~~stock; ~~geologists~~(iii) sales of our shares of common stock of Vendetta Mining Corp. (“Vendetta”), ~~administrators~~Vox Royalty Corp. (“Vox Royalty”) and ~~part-time~~Kinross ~~laborers~~Gold toCorporation ~~execute~~(“Kinross”); ~~our~~(iv) ~~Latin~~sales ~~American~~of covered call options on common stock of Kinross we hold; and ~~North~~(v) ~~American~~sale ~~project~~of ~~work~~mineral property interests and ~~acquisition~~assets. In ~~evaluations~~certain cases, we have reduced our exposure to the costs of our exploration activities through the use of joint ventures.

We operate in one segment: mineral exploration. We currently conduct, whether directly or through our joint venture partners, exploration activities in Peru, Alaska, Colorado and South Dakota and evaluate properties for potential acquisition and evaluation of strategic corporate opportunities throughout North and South America. As of March 10, 2025, we had four full-time employees located in the United States and no full-time employees outside of the United States. We utilize contract managers, geologists, administrators and part-time laborers to execute our Latin American and North American project work and acquisition evaluations.

A large number of companies are engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties, many of which have substantially greater technical and financial resources than we have and, accordingly, we may be at a disadvantage in being able to compete effectively for the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties. We are not aware of any single competitor or group of competitors that dominate the exploration and development of mineral properties. In acquiring mineral properties for exploration and development, we rely on the experience, technical expertise and knowledge of our employees, contractors and advisors, which is limited by the size of our company compared to many of our competitors who may have greater resources, including more employees or employees with more specialized knowledge and experience.

Governmental Regulations

Mineral development and exploration activities are subject to various national, state/provincial, and local laws and regulations, which govern prospecting, permitting, development, mining, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, protection of the environment, mine safety, hazardous substances and other matters. Similarly, if any of our properties are developed and/or mined those activities are also subject to significant governmental regulation and oversight. We are required to obtain licenses, permits and other authorizations in order to maintain our various mineral property rights and interests and to conduct our exploration programs. Our failure to comply with any of these requirements could result in the loss of our ability to conduct exploration or mining activities in a particular location, which could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Environmental Regulations

Our current and planned activities are subject to various national and local laws and regulations governing protection of the environment. These laws are continually changing and, in general, are becoming more restrictive. We are required to conduct our operations in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Changes to current local, state or federal laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which we conduct our exploration activities could, in the future, require additional capital expenditures and increased operating and/or reclamation costs. We have reviewed and considered current federal legislation relating to climate change and given our current small size and limited activities, we do not believe it to currently have a material effect on our operations. Future changes in U.S. federal or state laws or regulations could have a material adverse effect upon us and our results of operations. Although we are unable to predict what additional legislation, if any, might be proposed or enacted, additional regulatory requirements could impact the economics of our projects. During ~~2023~~2024, we had no material environmental incidents or known non-compliance with any applicable environmental regulations.

Financial Information about Geographic Areas

Included in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, are total assets of $3735,000 and $3137,000, respectively, related to Solitario's operations located outside of the United States.

Available Information

We file our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports electronically with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC.

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Paper copies of our Annual Report to Shareholders, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports are available free of charge by writing to Solitario at its address on the front of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, electronic versions of the reports we file with the SEC are available on our website, www.solitarioxr.com, as soon as practicable, after filing with the SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to considering the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should consider carefully the following factors. The risks described below are the significant risks we face and include all material risks of which we are aware. Additional risks not presently known to us or risks that we currently consider immaterial may also adversely affect our business.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our mineral exploration activities involve a high degree of risk, and a significant portion of our business model envisions the sale or joint venture of mineral properties. If we are unable to sell or joint venture these properties, the money spent on acquisition and exploration of our mineral properties may never be recovered and we could incur an impairment of our investments in our projects.

The exploration for mineral deposits involves significant financial and other risks over an extended period of time. Few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenditures are required to determine if any of our mineral properties may have the potential to be commercially viable, be salable or joint ventured. From time to time, we may acquire a mineral property asset and later determine to abandon that project for various reasons, and as a result costs incurred to acquire the asset, and any costs incurred for initial exploration efforts will be lost. Moreover, significant expenses and risks, including drilling and determining the feasibility of a project, are required prior to the establishment of reserves. It is impossible to ensure that the current or proposed exploration programs on properties in which we have an interest will be commercially viable or that we will be able to sell, joint venture or develop our properties. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are the particular attributes of the deposit, such as its size and grade, costs and efficiency of the recovery methods that can be employed, proximity to infrastructure, commodity prices, financing costs and governmental regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, infrastructure, land use, importing and exporting of mineral products and environmental protection.

We believe the data obtained from our own exploration activities or our partners' activities to be reliable; however, the nature of exploration of mineral properties and analysis of geological information is often subjective, and data and conclusions are subject to uncertainty. Even if exploration activities determine that a project is commercially viable, it is impossible to ensure that such determination will result in a profitable sale of the project or development either on our own or by a joint venture in the future and that such project will result in profitable commercial mining operations. If we determine that capitalized costs associated with any of our mineral interests are not likely to be recovered, we would incur an impairment of our investment in such property interest. All of these factors may result in losses in relation to amounts spent, which are not recoverable. We have experienced losses of this type from time to time in the past and may record mineral property impairments in the future.

We have no reported mineral reserves as defined by SEC rules, and our current projects and assets, and any projects we may acquire are not likely to offer the opportunity for near term revenues or sale proceeds. If we are unsuccessful in identifying mineral reserves in the future, we may not be able to realize any profit from our property interests.

None of our current projects have reported mineral reserves as those terms are used in SEC rules. Any mineral reserves on these projects will only come from extensive additional exploration, engineering and evaluation of existing or future mineral properties. The lack of reserves on these mineral properties could prohibit us from any near-term sale or joint venture of our mineral properties and we would not be able to realize any proceeds and / or profit from our interests in such mineral properties, which could materially adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

We have mineral resources reported on our Florida Canyon and Lik projects upon which we do not exercise 100% control. The potential for reported mineral reserves on these projects is dependent on additional geologic work and economic evaluation which our joint venture partners may or may not conduct, and there can be no assurance that if such activities are performed that these will result in a positive feasibility or other study to allow the mineral resources to be upgraded to mineral reserves as defined by SEC rules, and as a result we may not be able to sell or otherwise realize any profit from our property interests in the Florida Canyon or Lik projects.

Our Florida Canyon and Lik projects have reported mineral resources in accordance with SEC rules. The estimation of mineral resources is imprecise and depends upon subjective factors. The mineral resource figures presented in our public filings are estimates made by our technical personnel and independent mining consultants with whom we contract. Mineral resource estimates are a function of geological and engineering analyses that require us to make assumptions about production costs, recoveries and gold, zinc and other precious metal market prices. While the Company believes that its mineral resource estimates are developed using well-established practices and with appropriate controls, mineral resource estimation is an imprecise and subjective process. The accuracy of these estimates is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation, judgment and experience. Assumptions about gold, , zinc and other previous metal market prices are subject to great uncertainty as those prices fluctuate widely. Declines in the market prices of gold, silver, zinc or lead may render mineral resources containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic to exploit, and we may be required to reduce mineral resource estimates, discontinue exploration at one or more of our properties or write down assets as impaired. Should we encounter mineralization or geologic formations at any of our projects that are different from those predicted, we may adjust our mineral resource estimates and alter our exploration or development plans.

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Our Florida Canyon and Lik projects have reported mineral resources in accordance with SEC rules. The estimation of mineral resources is imprecise and depends upon subjective factors. The mineral resource figures presented in our public filings are estimates made by our technical personnel and independent mining consultants with whom we contract. Mineral resource estimates are a function of geological and engineering analyses that require us to make assumptions about production costs, recoveries and gold, zinc and other precious metal market prices. While the Company believes that its mineral resource estimates are developed using well-established practices and with appropriate controls, mineral resource estimation is an imprecise and subjective process. The accuracy of these estimates is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation, judgment and experience. Assumptions about gold, zinc and other previous metal market prices are subject to great uncertainty as those prices fluctuate widely. Declines in the market prices of gold, silver, zinc or lead may render mineral resources containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic to exploit, and we may be required to reduce mineral resource estimates, discontinue exploration at one or more of our properties or write down assets as impaired. Should we encounter mineralization or geologic formations at any of our projects that are different from those predicted, we may adjust our mineral resource estimates and alter our exploration or development plans.

Moreover, these resources at our Florida Canyon and Lik projects may never be upgraded to mineral reserves without significant additional geologic work, including additional drilling, economic and environmental analysis, and the completion of a feasibility or other study to demonstrate the mineral potential and economic viability of these projects. To a significant degree, the completion of this work and a feasibility or other appropriate study is dependent on our joint venture partners desire to do so, over which we have limited influence. In addition, there is no assurance that if such work and studies are undertaken and completed, that either or both of these projects will be determined to be economically viable. The lack of reserves on these mineral properties could prohibit us from any near-term sale or joint venture of such mineral properties and we would not be able to realize any proceeds and or profit from our interests in such mineral properties, which could materially adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

Our Golden Crest project is an early-stage exploration project with no mineral resources or mineral reserves as defined by SEC rules. There can be no assurance that additional geologic work will result in reported mineral resources or mineral reserves in the future. If we are unsuccessful in identifying mineral reserves in the future, we may not be able to sell or otherwise realize any profit from our property interests.

Our Golden Crest project, which was acquired during 2021, has no reported mineral resources or mineral reserves as defined by SEC rules. We have conducted limited geologic activities at the Golden Crest project consisting primarily of soil and rock sampling, geophysical studies and limited initial drilling of eleven exploration holes. Additional geologic, environmental, and economic work would be required to allow us to report mineral resources at the Golden Crest project, including additional drilling and completion of a preliminary economic study. Furthermore, significant additional work would be required to prepare a feasibility or other study to allow us to report mineral reserves at the Golden Crest project. There can be no assurance that if such work is completed, ~~that~~ the results would allow us to report either mineral resources or mineral reserves in the future. The lack of mineral resources or mineral reserves at the Golden Crest project could prohibit us from any near-term sale or joint venture of our interest in the Golden Crest project and we may not be able to realize any proceeds and or profit from our interests in the Golden Crest project, which could materially adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

Our Cat Creek project is an early-stage exploration project with no mineral resources or mineral reserves as defined by SEC rules. There can be no assurance that additional geologic work will result in reported mineral resources or mineral reserves in the future. If we are unsuccessful in identifying mineral reserves in the future, we may not be able to sell or otherwise realize any profit from our property interests.

Our Cat Creek project, which was acquired during 2023, has no reported mineral resources or mineral reserves as defined by SEC rules. We have conducted limited geologic activities at the Cat Creek project consisting primarily of soil and rock sampling. Additional geologic, environmental, and economic work, including a drilling program would be required to allow us to report mineral resources at the Cat Creek Crest project, including completion of a preliminary economic study. Furthermore, significant additional work would be required to prepare a feasibility or other study to allow us to report mineral reserves at the Golden Crest project. There can be no assurance that if such work is completed, the results would allow us to report either mineral resources or mineral reserves in the future. The lack of mineral resources or mineral reserves at the Cat Creek project could prohibit us from any near-term sale or joint venture of our interest in the Cat Creek project and we may not be able to realize any proceeds and or profit from our interests in the Cat Creek project, which could materially adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

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Our business is dependent on the market price of certain commodities, particularly gold and zinc, and currency exchange rates over which we have no control.

Our operations and the value of our mineral properties are significantly affected by changes in the market price of commodities since the evaluation of whether a mineral deposit is commercially viable is heavily dependent upon the market price of the commodities related to any specific project. Because our core assets are currently in zinc and gold related projects, as well as potentially molybdenum at the Cat Creek project, the spot price of ~~zinc~~these ~~and~~commodities ~~gold~~ is particularly important to the value of our assets and future prospects. The price of commodities also affects the value of exploration projects we own or may wish to acquire or joint venture. These commodity prices fluctuate on a daily basis and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control. The supply and demand for commodities, the level of interest rates, the rate of inflation, investment decisions by large holders of these commodities, including governmental reserves, and stability of exchange rates can all cause significant fluctuations in prices. Currency exchange rates relative to the United States dollar can affect the cost of doing business in a foreign country in United States dollar terms, which is our functional currency. Consequently, the cost of conducting exploration in the countries where we operate, accounted for in United States dollars, can fluctuate based upon changes in currency exchange rates and may be higher than we anticipate in terms of United States dollars because of a decrease in the relative strength of the United States dollar to currencies of the countries where we operate. We currently do not hedge against currency or commodity fluctuations. The prices of commodities as well as currency exchange rates have fluctuated widely and future significant price declines in commodities or changes in currency exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Mineral exploration activities are inherently dangerous and could cause us to incur significant unexpected costs, including legal liability for loss of life, damage to property and environmental damage, any of which could materially adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

Mining exploration operations are subject to the hazards and risks normally related to exploration of a mineral deposit, including, but not limited to mapping and sampling, drilling, road building, trenching, assaying and analyzing rock samples, transportation over primitive roads or via small contract aircraft or helicopters and severe weather conditions. Any of the hazards of mineral exploration could result in damage to life or property, and environmental damage, and possible legal liability for such damage. Any of these risks could cause us to incur significant unexpected costs that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to finance our exploration and development activities.

Our operations outside of the United States of America may be adversely affected by factors outside of our control, such as changing political, local and economic conditions, any of which could materially adversely affect our financial position or results of operations.

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Our mineral properties located in Peru consist primarily of mineral concessions granted by national governmental agencies and are held 100% by us or in conjunction with our joint venture partners, or under lease, option or purchase agreements. Currently a portion of our mineral properties are located in Peru and we have previously held mineral properties and royalties on non-producing exploration properties in Peru, Mexico, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Our current exploration activities and mineral properties located outside of the United States are subject to the laws of Peru (and any other countries in which we may conduct business). Exploration and potential development activities in other countries where we may conduct exploration are potentially subject to political and economic risks, including:

· cancellation or renegotiation of contracts; · disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”); · changes in foreign laws or regulations; · tariffs, duties, and trade restrictions that could impact the cost, feasibility, or profitability of our mineral exploration and development activities; · changes in tax laws; · royalty and tax increases or claims by governmental entities, including retroactive claims; · expropriation or nationalization of property; · currency fluctuations (particularly related to a change in the U.S. dollar compared to local currencies); · foreign exchange controls; · restrictions on the ability for us to hold U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies in offshore bank accounts; · import and export regulations; · environmental controls; · risks of loss due to community opposition to our activities, civil strife, acts of war, guerrilla activities, insurrection and terrorism; and · other risks arising out of foreign sovereignty over the areas in which our exploration activities are conducted.

Accordingly, our current exploration activities outside of the United States may be substantially affected by factors beyond our control, any of which could materially adversely affect the value of certain of our assets or results of operations. Furthermore, in the event of a dispute arising from such activities, we would likely be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of courts outside of the United States or may not be successful in subjecting persons to the jurisdictions of the courts in the United States, which could adversely affect the outcome of a dispute.

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We may not have sufficient funding for exploration and development, which may impair our results of operations and growth potential.

The capital required for exploration and development of mineral properties is substantial. In the past we have financed operations through public and private sales of our common stock, the sale of interests in mineral properties (including the sale of our interest in the former Mt. Hamilton project in 2015), the utilization of joint venture arrangements with third parties (generally providing that the third party will obtain a specified percentage of our interest in a certain property or a subsidiary owning a property in exchange for the expenditure of a specified amount), the sale of other assets including short-term investments, the sale of marketable equity securities we hold, and funds from the issuance of long-term debt. We expect to need to raise additional capital, or enter into new joint venture arrangements, in order to fund our obligations with respect to our properties and our exploration activities required to determine whether mineral deposits on our projects are commercially viable. New financing or acceptable joint venture partners may or may not be available on a basis that is acceptable to us. The inability to obtain new financing or joint venture partners on acceptable terms may prohibit us from continued exploration or development of our existing mineral properties or any new mineral property assets we may acquire. Without the successful sale or future development of our mineral properties through joint ventures, or on our own, we will not be able to realize any profit from our interests in such properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

A large number of companies are engaged in the exploration and development or sale of mineral properties, many of which have substantially greater technical and financial resources than us and, accordingly, we may be unable to compete effectively which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, prospects, or results of operations.

We are at a disadvantage with respect to many of our competitors in the acquisition, exploration and development or sale of mineral property assets and mining projects. Our competitors with greater financial resources than us are better able to withstand the uncertainties and fluctuations associated with sustained downturns in the market and to acquire high quality exploration and mining properties when market conditions are favorable. In addition, we compete with other companies in the mineral properties sector to attract and retain key executives and other personnel with technical skills and experience in the mineral exploration business. There can be no assurance that we will continue to retain skilled and experienced employees or to acquire additional exploration projects. The realization of any of these risks from competitors could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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The title to our mineral properties may be defective or challenged which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

In connection with the acquisition of our mineral properties, we conduct limited reviews of title and related matters, and obtain certain representations regarding ownership. These limited reviews and representations do not necessarily preclude third parties from challenging our title and, furthermore, our title may be defective. Consequently, there can be no assurance that we hold good and marketable title to all of our mineral interests. Additionally, we have to make annual filings with various government agencies on all of our mineral properties. If we, or our joint venture partners, fail to make such filings, or improperly document such filings, the validity of our title to a mineral property could be lost or challenged. If any of our mineral interests were challenged, we could incur significant costs in defending such a challenge. These costs or an adverse ruling with regards to any challenge of our titles could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Occurrence of events for which we are not insured or have limited insurance coverage may materially adversely affect our business.

Mineral exploration is subject to risks of human injury, environmental liability and loss of assets. We maintain limited insurance coverage to protect ourselves against certain risks related to loss of assets for equipment in our operations and limited corporate liability coverage; however, we have elected not to have insurance for other risks because of the high premiums associated with insuring those risks or for various other reasons including those risks where insurance may not be available. There are additional risks in connection with investments in parts of the world where civil unrest, war, nationalist movements, political violence or economic crisis are possible. These countries may also pose heightened risks of expropriation of assets, business interruption, increased taxation and a unilateral modification of concessions and contracts. We do not maintain insurance against political risk. Occurrence of events for which we are not insured or have limited insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Normal weather variations as well as severe or violent storms could materially affect our operations due to damage or delays caused by such weather.

Our exploration activities (and those of our joint venture partners) are subject to normal seasonal weather conditions that often hamper and may temporarily prevent exploration or development activities. There is a risk that unexpectedly harsh weather or violent storms could affect areas where our projects are located, and we or our joint venture partners conduct these activities. Delays or damage caused by severe weather could materially affect our operations or our financial position.

Our operations could be negatively affected by existing laws as well as potential changes in laws and regulatory requirements to which we are subject, including regulation of mineral exploration and ownership, environmental regulations and taxation.

The exploration and development of mineral properties is subject to federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations in the countries in which they are located in a variety of ways, including regulation of mineral exploration and land ownership, environmental regulation and taxation. These laws and regulations, as well as future interpretation of or changes to existing laws and regulations, may require substantial increases in capital and operating costs to us and delays, interruptions, or the termination of operations.

In the United States and the other countries in which we operate or own assets, in order to obtain permits for exploration or potential future development of mineral properties, environmental regulations generally require a description of the existing environment, including but not limited to natural, archeological and socio-economic environments, at the project site and in the region; an interpretation of the nature and magnitude of potential environmental impacts that might result from such activities; and a description and evaluation of the effectiveness of the operational measures planned to mitigate the environmental impacts. The expenditures to obtain exploration permits to conduct our exploration activities may be material to our total exploration cost.

The laws and regulations in all the countries in which we operate, or own assets are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive, especially environmental laws and regulations. As part of our ongoing exploration activities, we have made expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but such expenditures could substantially increase our costs to achieve compliance in the future. Delays in obtaining or failure to obtain government permits and approvals or significant changes in regulation could have a material adverse effect on our exploration activities, our ability to locate economic mineral deposits, and our potential to sell, joint venture or eventually develop our properties, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Our operations are subject to permitting requirements which could require us to delay, suspend or terminate our exploration operations on our properties.

Our exploration operations, including any exploration drilling programs and other exploration activities, require permits from various state and federal governments, including permits for the use of water and for drilling exploration holes. We may be unable to obtain these permits in a timely manner, on reasonable terms or on terms that provide us with sufficient resources to explore or develop our properties in any way. Even if we are able to obtain such permits, the time required by the permitting process can be significant. If we cannot obtain or maintain the necessary permits, or if there is a delay in receiving these permits, our timetable and business plan for exploration of our properties will be adversely affected, which may in turn adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and market price of our securities.

Due to increased activity levels of non-governmental environmental groups, native American, aboriginal, and local groups targeting the mining industry, the potential for the government or process instituted by these local groups, to delay the issuance of permits or impose new requirements or conditions upon mining operations may be increased. Any changes in government policies may be costly to comply with and may delay mining operations. Future changes in such laws and regulations, if any, may adversely affect our operations, make them prohibitively expensive, or prohibit them altogether. If our interests are materially adversely affected as a result of a violation of applicable laws, regulations, permitting requirements or a change in applicable law or regulations, it would have a significant negative impact on the value of our company and could have a significant impact on our stock price.

Our business could be negatively affected by changing climate and climate change laws.

A number of governments, including the United States, have at various times introduced or are moving to introduce climate change legislation and treaties at the international, national, state/provincial and local levels. Regulations relating to emission levels (such as carbon taxes) and energy efficiency have, ~~are~~over ~~becoming~~time, become more stringent. If the current regulatory trend generally continues, this may result in increased costs at some or all of our project locations. In addition, the physical risks of climate change may also have an adverse effect on our operations and properties. Some of the countries in which we own or have owned mineral property assets have implemented, and are developing, laws and regulations related to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.

Legislation and increased regulation and requirements regarding climate change could impose increased costs or limit our ability, or our joint venture partners’ ability, to effectively advance our projects, including impacting our suppliers through increased energy, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting and other costs to comply with such regulations.

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Our business is dependent on key executives and the loss of any of our key executives could adversely affect our business, future operations and financial condition.

We are dependent on the services of key executives, including our Chief Executive Officer, Christopher E. Herald, ~~our Chief Operating Officer, Walter H. Hunt,~~ and our Chief Financial Officer, James R. Maronick. ~~All~~These ~~those~~ officers have many years of experience and an extensive background with Solitario and in the mining industry in general. We may not be able to replace that experience and knowledge with other individuals. We do not have "Key-Man" life insurance policies on any of our key executives. The loss of these persons or our inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled employees may adversely affect our business, future operations and financial condition.

Our business model relies significantly on other companies to joint venture our projects and we anticipate continuing this practice in the future. Therefore, our results are subject to the additional risks associated with the financial condition, operational expertise and corporate priorities of our joint venture partners.

The success of projects held under joint ventures that are not operated by us are substantially dependent on the joint venture partner, over which we have limited or no control. Our Florida Canyon project and our Lik project are joint -ventured with other mining companies that manage the exploration activities on the projects. We are the minority-interest party at Florida Canyon and a 50% partner at the Lik project. Although our joint venture agreements provide certain voting rights and other minority-interest safeguards, the majority partner and/or operator not only manages operations, but controls most decisions, including budgets and scope and pace of exploration and other activities. Consequently, we are highly dependent on the operational expertise and financial condition of our joint venture partners, as well as their corporate priorities. For instance, even though our joint venture property may be highly prospective for exploration success, or economically viable based on future feasibility and/or other studies, our partner may decide not to fund the further exploration or development of our project based on their respective financial condition or other corporate priorities. Therefore, our results are subject to the additional risks associated with the financial condition, operational expertise and corporate priorities of our joint venture partners, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. Our Lik project requires unanimous consent by the joint venture partners for annual budgets in excess of $1.0 million. Consequently, exploration of the Lik project could be delayed without the unanimous consent of both parties to certain proposed actions or transactions.

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We may look to joint venture with another mining company in the future to explore, develop and/or operate our current or future projects; therefore, in the future, our results may become subject to additional risks associated with development and production of our foreign mining projects.

Neither we, nor our joint venture partners are currently involved in mining development or mining operations at any of our properties. In order to realize a profit from our mineral interests we have to: (1) sell our properties or interests outright at a profit; (2) form a joint venture for the project with a larger mining company with greater resources, both technical and financial, to further develop and/or operate a project; (3) develop and operate such projects at a profit on our own; or (4) create and retain a royalty interest in a property with a third party that agrees to advance the property toward development and mining. In the future, if our exploration results show sufficient promise in a future project, not currently under joint venture, we may either look to form a joint venture with another mining company to develop and/or operate the project or sell the property outright and retain partial ownership or a retained royalty based on the success of such project. Therefore, in the future, our results may become subject to the additional risks associated with development and production of mining projects in general.

In the future, we may attempt to acquire a new mineral property asset, or another company and the acquisition may require a substantial amount of capital or the issuance of our capital stock to complete. Acquisition costs may never be recovered due to changing market conditions, or our own miscalculation concerning the recoverability of our acquisition investment. Such an occurrence could adversely affect our business, future operations and financial condition.

We have evaluated a wide variety of acquisition opportunities involving mineral properties and companies for acquisition and we anticipate, from time to time, evaluating potential acquisition opportunities in the future. Some of these opportunities may require a substantial amount of capital or the issuance of our capital stock to successfully acquire. As many of these opportunities do not have reliable feasibility-level studies, we may have to rely on our own estimates for investment analysis. Such estimates, by their very nature, contain substantial uncertainty. In addition, economic assumptions, such as future costs and commodity prices, also contain significant uncertainty. Consequently, if we are successful in acquiring any new opportunities and our estimates prove to be in error, either through miscalculations or changing market conditions, this could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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Failure to comply with the FCPA could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

As a Colorado corporation, we are subject to the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, which generally prohibit United States companies and their intermediaries from engaging in bribery or other improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Foreign companies, including some that may compete with us, are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations, including the FCPA, and therefore our exploration, and potential future development, production and mine closure activities are subject to the disadvantage of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to these prohibitions.

In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices may occur from time-to-time in the countries outside of the United States in which we operate. Certain of our mineral properties are located in countries that may have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our policies mandate compliance with the FCPA and other anti-bribery laws; however, we cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures always will protect us from the reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. We can make no assurance that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices or we are found to be liable for FCPA violations, we could suffer severe criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The market for shares of our common stock has limited liquidity and the market price of our common stock has fluctuated and may decline.

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. The liquidity of our shares, or the ability of a shareholder to buy or sell our common stock, may be significantly limited for various unforeseeable periods. The average combined daily volume of our shares traded on the NYSE American and the TSX during ~~2023~~2024 was approximately 62103,000 shares. The market price of our shares of common stock has historically fluctuated within a wide range. The price of our common stock may be affected by many factors, including an adverse change in our business, a decline in the price of gold, zinc or other commodity prices, negative news on our projects, negative investment sentiment for mining and commodity equities and general economic trends.

We have a history of losses and if we do not operate profitably in the future it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations and the trading price of our common stock would likely decline.

We have reported losses in 2728 of our 3031 years of operations. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to operate profitably in the future or begin to generate significant and consistent sources of revenues or cash flows from operations. We have had net income in only three years in our history; (i) during 2015, as a result of the sale of our former Mt. Hamilton project; (ii) during 2003, as a result of a $5,438,000 gain on a derivative instrument related to our investment in certain Crown warrants and (iii) during 2000, when we sold our former Yanacocha property. We cannot predict when, if ever, we will be profitable again or able to begin generating consistent revenues or cash flows from our operations or assets. If we do not operate profitably or identify and execute on outside sources of funding, we may be unable to fund our current or contemplated exploration activities, acquire new assets, or otherwise further our business plan.

We have never paid, and do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future and, consequently, the ability to achieve a return on any investment in our common stock will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

We have never paid cash dividends on any of our capital stock, and we currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Therefore, the holder of our stock is not likely to receive any dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Since we do not intend to pay dividends, the ability to receive a return on an investment in our common stock will depend on any future appreciation in the market value of our common stock. There is no guarantee that our common stock will appreciate or even maintain the price at which it was purchased.

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Issuances of our stock in the future could dilute existing shareholders and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We have the authority to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, and to issue options and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock without shareholder approval, subject to certain limitations imposed by applicable stock exchange rules. In addition, during 2021 we put an ATM (“At the Market”) program, in place, which was amended in 2023, to allow us to sell up to $10,000,000 in shares of our common stock under that program from time to time. Future issuances of our securities could be at prices substantially below the price paid for our common stock by our current shareholders. In addition, we can issue blocks of our common stock in amounts up to 20% of the then-outstanding shares without further shareholder approval. Sales of a substantial number of shares by the Company in the public market (or otherwise), or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

General Risk Factors

The outbreak of pandemics may affect our assets, operations and development plans at our projects.

We face risks related to health epidemics and other outbreaks of communicable diseases, which could significantly disrupt our operations and may materially and adversely affect our business and financial conditions.

Our business could be adversely impacted by the effects of epidemics or pandemics. How these epidemics or pandemics may ultimately impact our business, including our future exploration and other activities and the market for our securities, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, and include the duration, severity, and any recurrence of various strains of an outbreak and the actions taken to contain or treat the outbreak. In particular travel and other restrictions established to curb the spread of pandemic diseases could materially and adversely impact our business including without limitation, planned exploration programs at our Florida Canyon, Lik, ~~and~~ Golden Crest and Cat Creek projects during ~~2024~~2025 and beyond, employee health, workforce productivity, increased insurance premiums, limitations on travel, labor shortages and the availability of industry experts and personnel, the timing to process drilling and other metallurgical testing, supply chain constraints that impede exploration operations, and other factors that will depend on future developments beyond our control, which may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will not be impacted by pandemic diseases and that we could ultimately see our workforce productivity reduced or incur increased medical costs or insurance premiums as a result of these health risks. The outbreak of pandemic diseases could create a widespread global health crisis that contributes to volatility in the economy and financial markets that could have an adverse effect on the future demand for precious and base metals and, in turn, our prospects.

13A ~~Table~~significant portion of ~~Contents~~our liquid assets consist of money market funds and cash held in brokerage accounts. The failure of the financial institutions that issued or hold these financial instruments or our cash could have a material adverse impact on the market price of our common stock and our liquidity and capital resources.

AAt ~~significant~~December ~~portion~~31, of2024, ~~our~~we ~~liquid~~have ~~assets~~$4,523,000 ~~consist~~in of money market funds, ~~U.S.~~held ~~Treasuries~~in a brokerage account and ~~cash~~we ~~held~~have approximately $44,000 of our cash in uninsured deposit accounts and brokerage accounts. ~~The~~which ~~failure~~are ofnot ~~the~~covered ~~financial~~by ~~institutions~~Federal ~~that~~Deposit ~~issued~~Insurance orCompany ~~hold~~insurance. The ~~these~~failure of a financial ~~instruments~~institution orholding ~~our~~these ~~cash~~funds and assets could have a material ~~adverse~~ impact on the market price of our common stock and our liquidity and capital resources.

At December 31, 2023, we have invested $7,738,000 in money market funds and $698,000 in United States Treasury securities (“USTS”) held in a brokerage account, with maturities of between one day and 2 months and we have approximately $140,000 of our cash in uninsured deposit accounts and brokerage accounts which are not covered by Federal Deposit Insurance Company insurance. The failure of a financial institution holding these funds and assets could have a material impact on the market price of our common stock and our liquidity and capital resources.

Increased costs could impede our ability to explore sell or develop our current projects.

Capital and operating costs at mining operations are subject to variation due to a number of factors, such as changing ore grade, changing metallurgy, and revisions to mine plans in response to changing commodity prices, additional drilling results and updated geologic interpretations. In addition, costs are affected by the cost of capital, tax and royalty regimes, trade tariffs, the global cost of mining and processing equipment, commodity prices, and foreign exchange rates, as well as the costs of fuel, electricity, operating supplies, and appropriately skilled labor. These costs are at times subject to volatile price movements, including increases that could negatively affect our ongoing exploration efforts and negatively impact our potential for future development or sale of our exploration projects as well as our estimates of mineral resources. This could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

We are dependent upon information technology systems, which are subject to cybersecurity risks, disruption, damage, failure and risks associated with implementation and integration.

We are dependent upon information technology systems in the conduct of our operations. Our information technology systems are subject to disruption, damage or failure from a variety of sources, including, without limitation, computer viruses, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters and defects in design. Cybersecurity incidents, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, theft of assets, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data. Various measures have been implemented to manage our risks related to information technology systems and network disruptions. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of information technology disruptions, we could potentially be subject to operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, loss of assets, including our cash, short-term investments, or marketable equity securities, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

We rely upon technology and information systems to support our mining exploration business. These systems may be susceptible to cybersecurity risks including, but not limited to, external attackers, malware, viruses, and unauthorized access to our information technology (“IT”) systems. We have invested in cybersecurity controls and processes to address these threats and reduce the risk of future breaches and cyber-attacks. Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Computer viruses, hackers, employee or vendor misconduct, and other external hazards could expose our information systems, and those of our vendors, to security breaches, cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business.

While we take cybersecurity seriously, we mitigate the common cybersecurity risks that many companies face by greatly limiting the accessibility of and our reliance on our cyber profile and web-based activities. Of our ~~nine~~seven employees (~~six~~four full-time, three part-time), a total of three employees plus one third-party information-technology consultant (our “IT Consultant”) that we contract with have access to our cyber system. No vendors or customers have access to our system, which ~~greatly~~to some extent minimizes the risk of unauthorized access. No part of our business entails third-party members of the public accessing our accounts, making purchases, or ordering products or services, which ~~greatly~~also potentially reduces our risks of cyber-attack and minimizes the potential consequences if such an attack were to occur. In addition, although we do have a website, it is maintained offsite and is not connected to our file server, which is maintained separately in our office rather than being connected to the ~~Internet~~internet or linked to any third-party cloud storage system.

14 Despite ~~Table~~our belief that we have a relatively low-risk cybersecurity profile and the minimal threat of ~~Contents~~cybersecurity incidents that we face, we contract with one IT Consultant to assist us in identifying any potential cybersecurity risks and in implementing and maintaining effective measures to reduce our cybersecurity risks. Our IT Consultant helps ensure that our system is updated with the latest cybersecurity patches and configurations and monitors our system and accounts for suspicious activity.

Despite our relatively low risk cybersecurity profile and the minimal threat of cybersecurity incidents that we face, we contract with one IT Consultant to assist us in identifying any potential cybersecurity risks and in implementing and maintaining effective measures to reduce our cybersecurity risks. Our IT Consultant helps ensure that our system is updated with the latest cybersecurity patches and configurations and monitors our system and accounts for suspicious activity.

Additionally, we invest in firewall protection through Symantec Corporation, which is a provider of Internet-security technology and business-management solutions. Our Symantec firewall protection is designed to monitor and secure our computers from malicious inbound and outbound traffic and to provide an additional layer of protection to our network and data, which helps mitigate the risks of unauthorized access and cybersecurity threats. In addition to relying on the advice and knowledge of our IT Consultant, our IT Consultant maintains our firewall protection through Symantec.

We monitor daily reports from the firewall protection, which would indicate any suspicious activity in our accounts or system as well as notify our IT Consultant, who would contact our Chief Financial Officer. Our Chief Financial Officer would consult with our IT Consultant to assess and determine the materiality of the risk presented by the suspicious activity and to determine what steps should be taken to protect the limited data we maintain online. Depending on the materiality of the risk, our IT Consultant and Chief Executive Officer would consult with our Audit Committee of the Board of Directors to determine an appropriate notification and risk-management plan.

We did not identify any cybersecurity incidents during the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect Solitario’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Despite the low accessibility of our server and system and the resultant low cybersecurity risks that we face, we recognize that no system is completely protected from cyber threats, that cybersecurity risks are increasingly difficult to detect, and that the increasingly digitalized landscape that businesses operate in increase the pervasiveness and severity of cyber-attack risks. While we do not believe our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition have been materially adversely affected by any cybersecurity threats or incidents, there is no assurance that we will not be materially affected by such threats or incidents in the future. We will continue to monitor cybersecurity risks with our IT Consultant and stay apprised of changes in the cyber environment.

Table of Contents

Governance

As part of our overall risk management approach, we prioritize the identification and management of cybersecurity risk at several levels, including Board oversight, executive commitment and employee training. Our Audit Committee, comprised of independent directors from our Board, oversees the responsibilities relating to the operational (including IT risks and data security) risk affairs of the Company. Our Audit Committee is informed of such risks through quarterly reports from our executive officers and it reports any material findings and recommendations to the full Board for consideration.

15Item ~~Table~~2. ~~of Contents~~Properties

~~Item~~CAUTIONARY 2.NOTE ~~Properties~~REGARDING DISCLOSURE OF MINERAL PROPERTIES

~~CAUTIONARY~~Mineral Reserves ~~NOTE~~and ~~REGARDING DISCLOSURE OF MINERAL PROPERTIES~~Resources

We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and applicable Canadian securities laws, and as a result we report our mineral resources according to two different standards. U.S. reporting requirements, are governed by Item 1300 of Regulation S-K (“S-K 1300”), as issued by the SEC. Canadian reporting requirements for disclosure of mineral properties are governed by National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral ~~Reserves~~ Projects, as adopted from the definitions provided by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and ~~Resources~~Petroleum. Both sets of reporting standards have similar goals in terms of conveying an appropriate level of confidence in the disclosures being reported, but the standards generally embody slightly different approaches and definitions.

WeIn ~~are~~our ~~subject~~public tofilings in the ~~reporting~~U.S. ~~requirements~~and ofCanada ~~the~~and ~~Exchange~~in ~~Act~~certain ~~and~~other ~~applicable~~announcements ~~Canadian~~not ~~securities~~filed ~~laws~~with the SEC, we disclose measured, indicated and inferred resources, each as adefined ~~result~~in weS-K ~~report~~1300. ~~our~~The ~~mineral~~estimation of measured resources ~~according~~and indicated resources involve greater uncertainty as to ~~two~~their ~~different~~existence ~~standards.~~and ~~U.S.~~economic ~~reporting~~feasibility ~~requirements~~than the estimation of proven and probable reserves, and therefore investors are ~~governed~~cautioned bynot ~~Item~~to ~~1300~~assume that all or any part of ~~Regulation~~measured ~~S-K~~or (“indicated resources will ever be converted into S-K 1300~~”),~~-compliant asreserves. ~~issued~~The byestimation ~~the~~of ~~SEC.~~inferred ~~Canadian~~resources ~~reporting~~involves ~~requirements~~far ~~for~~greater ~~disclosure~~uncertainty ofas ~~mineral~~to ~~properties~~their ~~are~~existence ~~governed~~and byeconomic ~~National~~viability ~~Instrument~~than ~~43-101~~the ~~Standards~~estimation of ~~Disclosure~~other ~~for~~categories ~~Mineral~~of ~~Projects~~resources, asand ~~adopted~~therefore ~~from~~it ~~the~~cannot ~~definitions~~be ~~provided~~assumed bythat ~~the~~all ~~Canadian~~or ~~Institute~~any part of ~~Mining,~~inferred ~~Metallurgy~~resources ~~and~~will ~~Petroleum.~~ever ~~Both~~be ~~sets~~upgraded ofto ~~reporting~~a ~~standards~~higher ~~have~~category. ~~similar~~Therefore, ~~goals~~investors inare ~~terms~~cautioned ofnot ~~conveying~~to anassume ~~appropriate~~that ~~level~~all ofor ~~confidence~~any inpart ~~the~~of ~~disclosures~~inferred ~~being~~resources ~~reported~~exist, ~~but~~or ~~the~~that ~~standards~~they ~~generally~~can ~~embody~~be ~~slightly~~mined ~~different~~legally ~~approaches~~or ~~and definitions~~economically.

InTechnical ~~our~~Report ~~public~~Summaries ~~filings in the U.S.~~ and ~~Canada~~Qualified and in certain other announcements not filed with the SEC, we disclose measured, indicated and inferred resources, each as defined in S-K 1300. The estimation of measured resources and indicated resources involve greater uncertainty as to their existence and economic feasibility than the estimation of proven and probable reserves, and therefore investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of measured or indicated resources will ever be converted into S-K 1300-compliant reserves. The estimation of inferred resources involves far greater uncertainty as to their existence and economic viability than the estimation of other categories of resources, and therefore it cannot be assumed that all or any part of inferred resources will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Therefore, investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of inferred resources exist, or that they can be mined legally or economically.Persons

The scientific and technical information concerning our mineral projects in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been reviewed and approved by “qualified persons” under S-K 1300, including our former Chief Operating Officer, Walter Hunt. For a description of the key assumptions, parameters and methods used to estimate mineral reserves and mineral resources included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as data verification procedures and a general discussion of the extent to which the estimates may be affected by any known environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, sociopolitical, marketing or other relevant factors, please review the Technical Report Summaries ~~and~~for ~~Qualified~~each ~~Persons~~of the Company’s material properties which are incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

~~The~~16 ~~scientific~~Table and technical information concerning our mineral projects in this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been reviewed and approved by “qualified persons” under S-K 1300, including our Chief Operating Officer, Walter Hunt. For a description of the key assumptions, parameters and methods used to estimate mineral reserves and mineral resources included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as data verification procedures and a general discussion of the extent to which the estimates may be affected by any known environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, sociopolitical, marketing or other relevant factors, please review the Technical Report Summaries for each of the Company’s material properties which are incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Contents

Golden Crest Project (United States)

1. Property Description and Location

(map of Golden Crest project)

The Golden Crest project is in the northern Black Hills of western South Dakota in Lawrence County. A map of the project location is shown above. The Golden Crest project is comprised of 1,~~724~~825 unpatented lode claims, with an associated area of approximately 3336,~~334~~500 acres. Two hundred forty-one of the claims are leased from Golden Crest II, LLC , a Wyoming limited liability company (“GC LLC”) and 27 unpatented claims (“Easter Claims”) are leased from the Easter Project, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company. All the remaining claims are owned by Solitario and were staked throughout 2021 ~~and 2022~~-2024.

Solitario acquired its lease interest in the GC Claims in May 2021 by entering into the GC Agreement with GC LLC. Terms of the GC Agreement include scheduled payments to the underlying owner of $65,000 paid upon signing and an obligation to pay the underlying owner $60,000 at the first anniversary date. To continue the lease, Solitario has agreed to pay, at its option, the underlying owner escalating annual payments over a five-year period that total $340,000 and annual payments of $150,000 thereafter. Solitario has agreed to pay the underlying owner an additional success fee of $1.00 per ounce of gold in the event Solitario files a 43-101 qualified resource of up to 1.5 million ounces of gold or a maximum of $1,500,000. Solitario has agreed to perform escalating work commitments, at Solitario’s option, on the GC Claims totaling $3,000,000 in work expenditures during the first five years of the lease. Solitario has fulfilled its $12,~~200~~000,000 work commitment for the first ~~three~~four years. On March 30, 2022, Amendment 1 to the GC Agreement was signed that provided all work commitment periods will be on a calendar-year basis. The term of the GC Agreement is for twenty years and is automatically extended as long as Solitario is performing any exploration, development or mining activities on the GC Claims. The underlying owner will retain a 2.0% Net Smelter Return royalty. Solitario has the option, but not the obligation, to reduce the Net Smelter Return royalty to 1.0% by paying the underlying owner $1,000,000. GC LLC reserves a three-mile area of interest to its original claim position and the terms of the GC Agreement applies to this area of interest.

16In ~~Table~~February of ~~Contents~~2022, Solitario entered into a lease agreement (the “Easter Agreement”) whereby Solitario acquired exclusive exploration rights to the Easter Claims in the Black Hills region of South Dakota. The Easter Claims are part of Solitario’s Golden Crest project. Terms of the Easter Agreement include $10,000 paid upon signing, scheduled annual payments to the underlying owner totaling $180,000 through the tenth anniversary, and $30,000 per year thereafter. On March 30, 2023, Amendment 1 to the Easter Agreement was signed reducing all future work commitments on the Easter Claims to 1,000 feet of drilling, upon approval of drilling permits. Solitario drilled 1,667 feet on the Easter Claims in 2024, completing its work commitment. All other terms of the Easter Agreement are substantially the same as the Golden Crest Agreement, except there is no area of interest.

InFederal ~~February~~maintenance offees ~~2022,~~and ~~Solitario~~county ~~entered~~registration ~~into~~due ~~a lease agreement (the “Easter Agreement”) whereby Solitario acquired exclusive exploration rights to the Easter Claims~~ in ~~the~~2025 ~~Black~~will ~~Hills~~be ~~region~~approximately ~~of South Dakota. The Easter Claims are part of Solitario’s Golden Crest project. Terms of the Easter Agreement include~~ $10385,000 ~~paid~~for upon signing, scheduled annual payments to the underlying owner totaling $180,000 through the tenth anniversary, and $30,000 per year thereafter. On March 30, 2023, Amendment 1 to the Easter Agreement was signed reducing all ~~future work commitments on the Easter Claims to 1,000 feet of drilling, upon approval of drilling permits. All other terms of the Easter Agreement are substantially the same as the~~ Golden Crest ~~Agreement,~~claims ~~except~~currently ~~there~~held isby ~~no area of interest~~Solitario.

~~Federal~~2. Accessibility, ~~maintenance~~Climate, ~~fees~~Local ~~and county registration due in 2024 will be approximately $381~~Resources,~~000~~ ~~for~~Infrastructure ~~all~~and ~~Golden Crest claims currently held by Solitario.~~Physiology

2.Access ~~Accessibility,~~to ~~Climate~~the Golden Crest project by road is by traveling south of the city of Spearfish, ~~Local~~SD ~~Resources~~along several paved and/or gravel roads. US Highway 14A, ~~Infrastructure~~and US Highway 85 are near the eastern and ~~Physiology~~southern boundaries of the Golden Crest project. Maintained gravel roads extending westward and northward from Highways 14A and 85 as well as numerous unmaintained, numbered secondary United States Forest Service (“USFS”) roads provide additional ingress to the Golden Crest project.

~~Access~~The ~~to the~~ Golden Crest project byis ~~road~~in isforested highlands with subdued relief separated by ~~traveling~~steep-sided ~~south~~canyons. ofElevations in the ~~city~~immediate ofarea ~~Spearfish,~~range SDfrom ~~along~~approximately ~~several~~1,500 ~~paved~~meters ~~and/or~~to ~~gravel~~2,000 ~~roads~~meters. USSpearfish ~~Highway 14A~~Creek, ~~and~~a USstream ~~Highway~~with 85a ~~are~~perennial ~~near~~flow, is situated on the eastern-side ~~and~~of ~~southern~~the ~~boundaries~~property ofwhile most other creeks on the ~~Golden~~property ~~Crest~~are ~~project~~generally dry in the summer months. ~~Maintained~~Vegetation ~~gravel~~consists ~~roads~~of ~~extending~~mixed ~~westward~~forest composed of deciduous hardwoods and ~~northward~~conifers ~~from~~with ~~Highways~~sporadic ~~14A~~meadows and 85locally asdense ~~well~~underbrush. Stands asof ~~numerous~~timber ~~unmaintained,~~of ~~numbered~~commercial ~~secondary~~value ~~United~~cover ~~States~~the ~~Forest~~property ~~Service~~at (“higher elevations and are managed by the USFS”). Logging ~~roads~~activities ~~provide~~have ~~additional~~been ~~ingress~~widespread toon large portions of the ~~Golden~~property ~~Crest~~in ~~Project~~the past five to twenty years and are ongoing.

~~The~~17 ~~Golden~~Table Crest Project is in forested highlands with subdued relief separated by steep-sided canyons. Elevations in the immediate area range from approximately 1,500 m to 2000 m. Spearfish Creek, a stream with a perennial flow, is situated on the eastern-side of the property while most other creeks on the property are generally dry in the summer months. Vegetation consists of mixed forest composed of deciduous hardwoods and conifers with sporadic meadows and locally dense underbrush. Stands of timber of commercial value cover the property at higher elevations and are managed by the USFS. Logging activities have been widespread on large portions of the property in the past five to twenty years and are ongoing.Contents

Climate at the Golden Crest project area is temperate, characterized by hot summers, cold winters and pronounced seasonal variation in precipitation and temperatures. Average annual temperature, as measured at the Spearfish weather station, is 55°F with seasonal variation averages highs of 32°F and 80°F in winter and summer respectively. The average amount of annual rainfall is approximately 26 inches along with 44 inches of snowfall (as measured at the Spearfish recording station). Average precipitation is greater at the higher elevations of the property itself. The mineral exploration season is generally from early-~~April~~May to late-November.

The closest population center is Spearfish, South Dakota (population 11,500), which represents the largest city in Lawrence County (population: 25,800). Spearfish is located along Interstate Highway 90, linking Rapid City, South Dakota to Gillette, Wyoming. Spearfish supports light industry, ranching and tourism and hosts a small university, Black Hills State University. The nearest towns to the project area are Lead (population 3,000) and the nearby town of Deadwood (population 1,500), which is the county seat of Lawrence County and a major tourism and gaming center for the area. Mining -related employment continues to be an important segment of Lawrence County’s economy. The closest regional airport servicing the area is at Rapid City, situated approximately 80 km southeast along Interstate Highway 90. All major commercial and industrial services are available in Rapid City. Other mining services are available in Lead, South Dakota due to the legacy of the Homestake Mining Company (“Homestake”) operations and the currently producing Wharf mine operated by Coeur Mining. Solitario maintains an office in Spearfish, South Dakota.

3. History

The state of South Dakota ranks third among US states for historic gold production, totaling approximately 51 million ounces produced through 2020, most of which came from the world class Homestake Mine in Lead. The first documented gold discovery in the Black Hills was made by prospectors attached to the Custer Expedition of 1874, who discovered placer gold in gravel bars along French Creek near the present site of Custer, South Dakota. The first known lode claims in the Black Hills were located in the spring of 1876 at the head of Gold Run and Deadwood Gulches. Beginning in the 1890’s, hundreds of mines and mining companies sprang to life in the northern Black Hills, clustered within a relatively small area measuring 20 km long by 16 km wide, and centered around the cities of Lead and Deadwood. Collectively this area, known as the Lead Gold District, is one of the richest gold districts in the world. Gold mining has occurred continuously in the district for ~~145~~149 years, a record unmatched by any other US gold mining district.

Despite the importance of the Lead Gold District among American mining camps, during the last ~~140~~149 years very little regional exploration has been conducted on the property which comprises the Golden Crest project. Although the Golden Crest project is adjacent to the Lead Gold District, the lack of regional exploration is apparently due to the widespread cover of the gold bearing Precambrian rocks by younger sedimentary formations. The Golden Crest project is within several kilometers of district mines with significant historical production, yet only a handful of prospect pits occur on the property. It is also thought that the subdued topography, soil cover and absence of outcrops of the distinctive Precambrian rocks that host the ore in the main Lead Gold District resulted in the project area being largely overlooked for such a long time. There is no prior documented work on the property with the exception of three exploration core holes drilled by Homestake in 1993-1994, a small cluster of small prospect pits and a very limited stream sediment survey.

17GC ~~Table~~LLC staked the 241 GC Claims in 2021. Solitario acquired these claims in May of ~~Contents~~2021. Prior to Solitario’s acquisition of the GC Claims, GC LLC completed a minimal amount of work comprised mainly of rock sampling throughout the leased area. GC LLC discovered gold bearing rocks, mainly along recently disturbed logging roads, in the area where Homestake collected and documented gold anomalies in dry stream sediments. The Easter Claims property, previously known as the 11th Hour Mine, had a longer history with minor production in the early 1900’s where by 1906 nearly 4000 feet of underground workings had been developed. However, an attempt to mill the mined ore was a technological failure and no further work was known to have been completed after 1909.

~~GC LLC staked the 241 GC Claims in 2021~~4. ~~Solitario~~Geological acquired these claims in May of 2021. Prior to Solitario’s acquisition of the GC Claims, GC LLC completed a minimal amount of work comprised mainly of rock sampling throughout the area. GC LLC discovered gold bearing rocks, mainly along recently disturbed logging roads, in the area where Homestake collected and documented gold anomalies in dry stream sediments. The Easter Claims property, previously known as the 11th Hour Mine, had a longer history with minor production in the early 1900’s where by 1906 nearly 4000 feet of underground workings had been developed. However, an attempt to mill the mined ore was a technological failure and no further work was known to have been completed after 1909.Setting

4Geologically, the Black Hills consists of Archean and Proterozoic crystalline rocks that are overlain by Paleozoic rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Pennsylvanian. Precambrian ~~Geological~~rocks ~~Setting~~in the Lead window consist primarily of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and minor extrusive metabasalts and intrusive gabbros. The Paleozoic sequence of marine sedimentary rocks (mainly carbonates and calcareous sediments) contains five formations, dominated by the Cambro-Ordovician Deadwood Formation at its base and the Mississippian-aged Pahasapa Group (regionally known as the Madison Group) at its top. Thin stratigraphic units including the Ordovician Winnipeg and Whitewood Formations and Devonian Englewood Formation are present. The Deadwood Formation is the most important Paleozoic host for Tertiary replacement gold mineralization and paleoplacer gold deposits in the historic district. The Mississippian Pahasapa Group contains three recognizable members that correlate to the Lodgepole Limestone, Mission Canyon Limestone and Charles Formation of the regional Madison Group. This carbonate package contains several evaporite horizons that can be well-mineralized on the Golden Crest property. The Pahasapa Group is overlain in stratigraphic unconformity by the Minnelusa Formation, a package of Pennsylvanian-aged shallow marine and continental red beds and evaporite successions up to 180 meters thick. The upper Pahasapa was strongly karsted in the Black Hills prior to deposition of the Minnelusa, producing the world’s largest known paleo-cave systems.

~~Geologically,~~18 ~~the~~Table ~~Black Hills consists~~ of Archean and Proterozoic crystalline rocks that are overlain by Paleozoic rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Pennsylvanian. Precambrian rocks in the Lead window consist primarily of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks and minor extrusive metabasalts and intrusive gabbros. The Paleozoic sequence of marine sedimentary rocks (mainly carbonates and calcareous sediments) contains five formations, dominated by the Cambro-Ordovician Deadwood Formation at its base and the Mississippian-aged Pahasapa Group (regionally known as the Madison Group) at its top. Thin stratigraphic units including the Ordovician Winnipeg and Whitewood Formations and Devonian Englewood Formation are present. The Deadwood Formation is the most important Paleozoic host for Tertiary replacement gold mineralization and paleoplacer gold deposits in the historic district. The Mississippian Pahasapa Group contains three recognizable members that correlate to the Lodgepole Limestone, Mission Canyon Limestone and Charles Formation of the regional Madison Group. This carbonate package contains several evaporite horizons that can be well-mineralized on the Golden Crest property. The Pahasapa Group is overlain in stratigraphic unconformity by the Minnelusa Formation, a package of Pennsylvanian-aged shallow marine and continental red beds and evaporite successions up to 180 m thick. The upper Pahasapa was strongly karsted in the Black Hills prior to deposition of the Minnelusa, producing the world’s largest known paleo-cave systems.Contents

This karsted carbonate package is an important lithologic host for alteration and mineralization across the Golden Crest project. The thickness of the Paleozoic sedimentary package varies from east to west across the Lead District from less than 240 mmeters thick east of Deadwood to over 365 m thick at Tinton in the west. Tertiary igneous rocks preferentially invade several shale horizons in the Deadwood Formation and have locally inflated the thickness of the Cambro-Ordovician section by up to 300 m. Igneous rocks rarely intrude higher stratigraphic units except for a few pre-mineralization laccolithic stocks and plugs.

The Golden Crest project area is centered on a broad synform separating the Lead and Tinton domes in the west-central part of the Lead Gold District. Geographically the synform constitutes a broad plateau 40 km long and up to 20 km across with ~~little~~generally ~~structural~~subdued or topographic and structural relief. However, locally several major faults have moderately disrupted and offset stratigraphy. The surface of the plateau is dominated by Upper Paleozoic rock units, the Mississippian Pahasapa Group and the Pennsylvanian Minnelusa Formation. No Precambrian is exposed on the Golden Crest project property and only three diamond drill holes ~~have~~were ~~been~~ previously drilled into these Precambrian rocks.

5. Prior Exploration and Recent Work

~~The~~With the exception of about a dozen prospect pits that are thought to be well in excess of 120 years old, the first known mineral exploration work on the property was a limited dry stream sediment survey conducted by Homestake from 1988 to 1993 over a 250 square kilometer area. The results of this survey pointed to a seven square kilometer area of anomalous gold values that was subsequently staked by the GC LLC and leased by Solitario. Homestake drilled three deep exploration core holes in 1993-1994 on Solitario’s current property, but not in the area of the anomalous gold values in dry stream sediments. The objective of these holes was to test for the presence of the Precambrian Homestake Formation that hosts the prolific past-producing 42 million-ounce Homestake gold deposit. Homestake reported that two of the three holes intersected the Homestake Formation, but no assay information was reported.

From approximately 2017 to 2020, GC LLC conducted surface exploration consisting of collecting 251 rock float samples mainly exposed in and near recently constructed logging roads. Of these, 103 samples contained gold values greater than 20 parts per billion (“ppb”) gold, with 12 samples containing greater than 1,000 ppb gold. Many of the collected rock samples were siliceous hydrothermal breccias (jasperoids) that occurred as narrow veinlets cutting the limestone formation at surface.

In March 2021 Solitario started exploration activities in the area. Exploration largely consisted of widespread sampling of suspected mineralized and hydrothermally altered rock float, primarily from the Pahasapa and Minnelusa Formations and systematic soil sampling on a grid. Outcrop or subcrop is rare so rock sampling is often limited to float which is resistant to weathering. The topography of most of the property is flat to very gently rolling so the lateral transport of the surficial rocks is minimal.

18Apart ~~Table~~from the float rock which is highly resistant to weathering, the inference of ~~Contents~~the subcropping geology is limited to areas where the topography is less flat and those areas where road cuts or road beds expose “C” horizon soils. The inability to observe outcrop limits the ability to detect and interpret the geometry and thickness of zones of alteration, so a soil sampling program was initiated property-wide to assist in the identification of new target areas for mapping and more detailed rock sampling. Exploration work during the past four years has consisted of extensive grid soil sampling, select grab rock sampling of float and less commonly bedrock, hand-dug trenching, geologic mapping, limited Induced Polarization ground geophysics and core drilling in 2024.

Apart from the float rock which is highly resistant to weathering, the inference of the subcropping geology is limited to areas where the topography is less flat and those areas where road cuts or road beds expose “C” horizon soils6. The inability to observe outcrop limits the ability to detect and interpret the geometry and thickness of zones of alteration, so a soil sampling program was initiated property-wide to assist in the identification of new target areas for mapping and more detailed rock sampling. Exploration work during the past three years has consisted of grid soil sampling, select grab rock sampling of float and less commonly bedrock, hand-dug trenching, geologic mapping and Induced Polarization ground geophysics.Mineralization

6The Black Hills are unique for the remarkable spatial superposition of several genetic styles of gold mineralization formed over >2 billion years of geologic history. ~~Mineralization~~In excess of 90 million ounces of gold (recorded past production + unmined resources reported from published sources believed to be accurate but not verified) are contained within five distinct styles of gold deposits in roughly a 300 square kilometer area. The repeated formation of large gold deposits over time in the same small geographic area argues for a fundamentally gold-enriched area of the earth’s crust that has persisted since the Archean time. Solitario’s property does not contain any historic producing mines nor resources and the presence of nearby gold deposits does not indicate that economic gold deposits are present on the Golden Crest project.

~~The~~19 ~~Black~~Table ~~Hills are unique for the remarkable spatial superposition~~ of several genetic styles of gold mineralization formed over >2 billion years of geologic history. In excess of 90 million ounces of gold (recorded past production + unmined resources reported from published sources believed to be accurate, but not verified) are contained within five distinct styles of gold deposits in roughly a 300 square kilometer area. The repeated formation of large gold deposits over time in the same small geographic area argues for a fundamentally gold-enriched area of the earth’s crust that has persisted since the Archean time. Solitario’s property does not contain any historic producing mines nor resources and the presence of nearby gold deposits does not indicate that economic gold deposits are present on the Golden Crest project.Contents

A Laramide-aged igneous belt of alkalic magmatic intrusive centers occurs along a linear WNW-trending belt for approximately 150 km across the northern Black Hills and includes dozens of intrusive stocks and laccoliths and innumerable dikes and sills concentrated in five magmatic centers. These Tertiary-aged intrusive rocks have remobilized important orogenic gold mineralization in the Precambrian basement into overlying Paleozoic rocks. In the Ruby Basin camp at the Wharf Mine Complex, thick pre-mineral igneous sills acted as permeability barriers within the Deadwood Formation that resulted in the deposition of gold mineralization.

Alteration, gold and trace element enrichment in the Pahasapa formation at the Golden Crest project is viewed as a possible indication of replacement-style epithermal mineralization in stratigraphic units lower in the sedimentary sequence that do not outcrop on the Golden Crest property (e.g. Upper and Lower Deadwood Formation). Ore-forming magmatic hydrothermal fluids ascended from mineralizing centers may have passed through overlying Paleozoic carbonate sections along subvertical faults and fractures, becoming progressively cooler and diluted by ground water, and depositing trace elements and gold. This extensive hydrothermal fluid interaction is interpreted to have resulted in widespread low-temperature alteration of limestones, silicification and geochemical anomalism +/- gold mineralization in the Pahasapa Formation.

Over twenty gold-enriched target areas have been identified by Solitario by select rock grab sampling. All of these prospects have returned anomalous gold assays, with fourteen containing multi-gram gold per tonne and the remaining prospects returned values between 0.1 and one-gram gold. with fourteen containing multi-gram gold per tonne and the remaining prospects returned gold values between 0.1 and one-gram ~~gold~~. Rock sampling at Golden Crest is usually of float grab samples, consequently their significance to underlying bedrock is not always certain. However, we believe that virtually all the reported assay samples are derived from the immediate area in which they were collected.

Late in the 2021 field season, Solitario received very high-grade gold values from select surface grab rock samples at the Downpour target area. Additional surface sampling was conducted in the immediate area of the high-grade samples and eight continuous three-meter (total 24 meters) rock-chip channel samples were also collected. In 2022, Solitario sampled an additional 127.5 meters of trenching at Downpour, where significant high-grade intervals were found as shown in the lefthand Downpour Target map below. The majority of these samples were in bedrock or weathered bedrock.

Solitario also expanded its exploration search area at the Downpour Prospect in ~~2022~~2023 and successfully enlarged the potential target area for high-grade gold mineralization. significantly to the northeast. As shown on the ~~Rock~~Downpour-Wild ~~Grab~~Rose ~~Sample~~Trend ~~Assay~~map ~~Map~~ on the righthand side below, surface mineralization ~~at Downpour~~ has now been ~~identified~~traced over ana ~~800-meter-long~~length ~~strike~~of ~~length,~~nearly four kilometers and with a width of up to 500 meters ~~wide~~. This prospect remains open in three directions. Wild ~~Work~~Rose ~~conducted~~is indefined ~~2023~~by ~~suggests~~101 ~~that~~reconnaissance ~~the~~surface ~~high-grade~~grab ~~gold~~samples ~~mineralization~~of ~~may~~float ~~extend~~and ~~another~~subcrop ~~two-~~mineralization; to34 ~~three-kilometers~~of tothese ~~the~~samples ~~northeast~~contained ofgold ~~Downpour.~~values Wein ~~refer~~excess toof ~~this~~1.0 ~~new~~grams ~~area~~per aston ~~Wild~~(“gpt”) ~~Rose~~gold.

1920 Table of Contents

Downpour trenching results with assay values in gpt gold. ~~Greater~~ Downpour-Wild ~~area~~Rose ~~with~~Trend rock grab sample assay results.

In 2022, Solitario discovered a new area of significant mineralization within a generalized area called Ponderosa. Select grab sampling of float, weathered bedrock and bedrock yielded both low- and high-grade gold mineralization. Three centers of mineralization were initially identified by select grab samples: Geyser, Spur and Zig Zag. Based on these very favorable results, a trenching program was initiated. At Spur, a 234-meter trench along an abandoned logging road yielded an average grade of 0.82 ~~grams per tonne (“~~gpt”) gold. At Zig Zag, a 27-meter-long trench resulted in an average grade of 3.22 gpt gold.

Extensive sampling ~~conducted~~ in 2023 ~~northeast~~showed ofthat ~~the~~three separate zones identified in 2022 (Geyser-, Spur- and Zig Zag) ~~area~~coalesce ~~strongly~~into ~~suggests~~a single zone that ~~high~~is now solely referred to as the Geyser. The Geyser Zone is V-~~grade~~shaped ~~gold~~and ~~mineralization~~is ~~extends~~believed ~~another~~to represent two ~~kilometers~~intersecting structural trends (see map below). The west limb is a broad rectilinear zone that trends north-south and ~~includes~~is 1,200 meter long and up to 600 meters wide. At its southern end, a distinct, structurally controlled zone branches off to the ~~newly~~northeast ~~discovered~~for ~~Sleeping~~1,100 ~~Beauty~~meters forming the eastern limb of the V-shaped surface mineralization. This zone varies from 200 to 400 meters in width. The complete Geyser dataset from the 2022 and ~~Holland~~2023 ~~zones~~field seasons totals 515 rock grab samples. Ninety-nine (99) of these samples have returned values in excess of 1.0 gpt gold, with 36 exceeding 10 gpt gold.

2021 Table of Contents

Assay results for both the select rock grab samples and trenching samples are presented on the map below:

Expanded sampling conducted in 2023 northeast of the Geyser~~-Spur-Zig~~ ~~Zag~~strongly ~~prospect~~suggests ~~area~~that ~~with~~the high-grade gold ~~(gpt)~~zone ~~assays~~extend ~~for~~another ~~rock~~two ~~grab~~kilometers ~~samples~~to the northeast and ~~trench~~includes ~~samples~~the Sleeping Beauty and Holland zones.

~~All~~Based ~~areas of trenching~~ on ~~the~~surface ~~Golden~~exploration ~~Crest~~work ~~properties~~through ~~are~~the ~~manually~~end ~~completed~~of ~~using~~the ~~hand~~2024 ~~tools~~field ~~and~~season, ~~are~~the ~~reclaimed~~top as10 ~~soon~~surface astargets ~~sampling~~are: ~~is complete. Revegetation is accomplished utilizing a seed mixture approved by the USFS.~~

7. Drilling:

NoSolitario’s ~~drilling~~first ~~has~~ever ~~been~~drilling ~~conducted~~ at ~~the~~ Golden Crest ~~project~~commenced byin ~~Solitario~~mid-July ~~but~~and isended ~~scheduled~~in toearly ~~begin~~December, in2024. ~~the~~Eleven ~~second~~core ~~quarter~~holes were completed totaling 4345.7 meters. With the exception of ~~2024~~the first three holes that were drilled from the same platform, ~~pending~~the ~~permit~~remaining ~~approvals~~eight holes were widely spaced (see ~~Exploration~~“2024 ~~and~~Drill ~~Development~~Hole ~~section~~Location Map” below). Three sizes of core were drilled. All holes were started using PQ sized core (122.6 mm diameter). The core size was usually reduced to HQ sized core (63.5 mm diameter) at approximately 50 meters and then sometimes, depending on drill hole conditions, core size was occasionally further reduced to NQ sized core (47.5 mm diameter).

8.22 ~~Sampling,~~Table ~~Analysis and Security~~ of ~~Samples~~Contents

~~The~~2024 ~~collection~~Drill ofHole ~~all~~Location select surface grab rock samples was supervised by project geologists, including chain of custody. Rock grab samples were reconnaissance select composite samples that usually displayed alteration, typically silicification, and hydrothermal brecciation. Many of the select grab samples were rock float. These samples were derived from the underlying bedrock in the immediate area, with little transport due to the subdued relief. In all cases the samples are composites within a small area of less than one-square meter or composites of sub-crop or outcrop. The significance of these samples is limited to determining whether gold, or trace elements usually associated with gold, are present within rocks affected by hydrothermal alteration fluids and assay results may not be representative of, nor verify economically mineable mineralization at depth.Map

~~Chip-channel~~Drill ~~and~~hole ~~trenching~~locations ~~and composite samples~~ were ~~more~~selected ~~systematically~~based ~~collected~~upon asrock aand ~~measured~~soil ~~continuous~~geochemistry, ~~sample~~geologic ofmapping ~~bedrock,~~and ~~bedrock~~to +a ~~weathered~~lesser ~~bedrock~~extent, ~~and~~Induced ~~weathered~~Polarization ~~bedrock~~geophysics. The ~~chip~~stratigraphy, ~~channel~~alteration ~~assays~~and ~~are~~assay ~~thought~~results toencountered bein the ~~most~~2024 ~~representative~~drill ofcore, ~~bedrock~~supports ~~mineralization~~the innotion ~~comparison to trench samples~~ that ~~contained~~Solitario’s ~~weathered~~land ~~bedrock~~position ~~and/or~~has ~~soil.~~many Insimilarities ~~all~~to ~~cases,~~the ~~chip~~geology ~~channel~~ and ~~trenching~~mineralization ~~samples~~of ~~are~~the ~~considered~~Homestake ~~more~~– ~~representative~~Wharf ~~than~~gold ~~select~~system ~~grab~~several ~~samples.~~miles ~~Samples~~to ~~were analyzed by ALS Laboratories in Reno, NV, a laboratory accredited in accordance with~~ the ~~standards of ISO 17025:2017~~east. Highlights ~~The samples were crushed~~ and ~~pulverized,~~important ~~and~~geologic/exploration ~~sample~~observations ~~pulps~~of ~~were~~the ~~analyzed~~11-hole ~~using~~program ~~industry standard fire assay methods. A certified reference sample or duplicate was inserted at least every 20th sample.~~include:

9· Significant multi-gram gold mineralization intersected in four different areas (See “2024 GC Crest Drill Hole Summary Assay Results” below). ~~Prefeasibility~~· ~~Studies:~~Six Noof ~~prefeasibility~~eleven ~~studies~~drill ~~have~~holes ~~been~~intersected ~~conducted~~gold ongrades exceeding one gpt; the ~~Golden~~other ~~Crest~~five ~~project~~holes contained anomalous gold and/or pathfinder elements. · Strongly mineralized Wharf-style gold mineralization was intersected in the Lower Deadwood Formation in hole GC-008.

2123 Table of Contents

10· Favorable carbonate/evaporite stratigraphic horizons are excellent hosts to gold mineralization and were well mineralized over approximately 30 meters in GC-001, GC-002 and GC-003. ~~Reserves~~· High-grade paleo-placer gold was intersected in a narrow interval between Precambrian-aged rocks and ~~Resources:~~the ~~There~~Cambrian ~~are~~Lower noDeadwood ~~reported~~in ~~mineral~~GC-008, ~~reserves~~suggesting a Homestyle-style gold source. · A potential feeder structure within Paleozoic carbonate sequence was mineralized in GC-011. · A narrow multi-gram diatreme breccia consisting of Precambrian pulverized rock flour matrix (without silicification or ~~mineral~~pyritized), ~~resources~~suggests ona Precambrian gold source emplaced forcibly during Tertiary times. · Precambrian Banded Iron Formation (“BIF”) was intersected in both GC-009 and GC-010. This is the ~~Golden~~only ~~Crest~~area ~~Project~~outside of the immediate Homestake district that Homestake BIF has been identified. Homestake BIF hosts the entire 68-million-ounce gold endowment of the Homestake mine situated about 15 kilometers east of these drill holes. · Both strong and weak soil and rock surface sample anomalies can be pathfinders to strong mineralization at depth. · Structures appear to be very important to the deposition of gold mineralization in certain areas.

~~11.~~2024 Golden Crest Drill Hole ~~Permitting,~~Summary ~~General~~Assay ~~Reclamation and ESG~~Results

Solitario submitted a Plan of Operations (“POO”) to the USFS in late-2021 for 25 widely spaced drill hole locations throughout our property position. After USFS comments, and Solitario responses to those comments, the POO was deemed complete in May of 2022. Respec Company LLC (“Respec”) was engaged by the USFS to complete an Environmental Assessment (“EA”) on Solitario’s proposed POO activities. A draft EA was completed and published in May 2023. The USFS, in coordination with Respec, analyzed and prepared responses to the public comments, making any required changes to the analysis. and then prepared a final EA and a determination if the project proposal conformed to a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI).

DDH Hole	Platform	Total Depth	Interval	Thickness	Gold	Host Rock Type
Number		of Hole (m)	(meters)	(meters)	g/t
GC-001	Plat-A	315.5	9.1 to 41.1	32.0	1.68	Mission Canyon
Including			10.7 to 24.9	14.2	3.10	Mission Canyon
GC-002	Plat-A	304.2	7.9 to 17.8	9.9	0.72	Mission Canyon
Including			23.3 to 33.2	9.9	1.88	Mission Canyon
Including			40.2 to 46.3	6.1	0.55	Mission Canyon
GC-003	Plat-A	343.8	5.0 to 31.4	26.4	2.56	Mission Canyon
Including			11.4 to 25.8	14.4	4.18	Mission Canyon
Including			19.8 to 21.8	2.0	13.13	Mission Canyon
Including			38.9 to 50.6	11.7	0.60	Mission Canyon
GC-004	Plat-D	389.2
GC-005	Plat-R	390.8
GC-006	Plat-S	404.2
GC-007	Plat-H	441.4
GC-008	Plat-I	363.5	322.5 to 363.5	41.0	1.00	Lower Deadwood
Including			344.2 to 363.5	19.4	1.70	Lower Deadwood
Including			344.2 to 349.9	5.7	2.20	Lower Deadwood
Including			355.1 to 363.5	8.4	2.10	Lower Deadwood
Including			361.5 to 363.5	2.0	3.40	Lower Deadwood
GC-009	Plat-T	483.4
GC-010	Plat-N	401.7	391.6 to 392.0	0.4	2.45	Intrusive Breccia
Including			394.7 to 395.2	0.5	11.33	Paleo-Placer
GC-011	Plat-O	508.1	160.4 to 163.1	2.7	4.69	Structure-Lodgepole
11 holes		4345.8

InTrue ~~December~~thickness ~~2023,~~for ~~the~~holes ~~USFS~~GC-001, ~~issued~~002 ~~its final Environmental Assessment~~ and ~~Draft~~003 ~~Decision~~estimated ofat No Significant Impact on Solitario’s Proposed Golden Crest Drilling Program. As a result of this decision, Solitario did not have to do any additional environmental studies beyond its comprehensive EA. Following this decision, a 4575-~~day~~90%; ~~period ensued allowing~~ for ~~interested~~all ~~parties~~other ~~that~~holes, ~~commented~~true onthickness ~~the original draft EA to object to the FONSI decision. The objection period has ended and currently the USFS~~ is ~~responding~~not ~~to the objections. Completion of the objection review is anticipated by the end of March 2024.~~estimated

~~Solitario~~24 isTable ~~committed to a “best practices” policy for all~~ of its exploration activities, whether on private or public lands. For example, all proposed drill hole locations are located adjacent to or on logging roads or other logging related surface disturbances. In this way drill hole sites will minimize or eliminate new surface disturbance on public land. All rock and soil sampling, as well as hand-tool trenching, conducted to date has been reclaimed as soon as practical after taking of surface samples. We have monitored the impacts of these activities, and in all instances, virtually no visual impacts exist after completion of reclamation. Drilling proposed under the POO and analyzed in the EA will be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the decision document issued by the USFS and any state permits granted for proposed actions.Contents

128. ~~Planned~~Sampling, ~~Exploration~~Analysis and ~~Development~~Security of Samples

~~For~~All ~~2024,~~drill ~~Solitario~~core is ~~planning~~placed toand ~~conduct~~marked ain ~~5,000-meter~~boxes by the independent drilling ~~program~~contractor. The ~~consisting~~core ofboxes ~~approximately~~are ~~eight~~then collected directly from the drill rig, transported to ~~twelve~~Solitario’s ~~exploration~~secure ~~core~~logging ~~holes~~facility and is logged and photographed by Solitario’s geologists. Core ~~The~~that ~~initiation~~is ofdeemed ~~this~~to ~~program~~be potentially mineralized is ~~dependent~~split ~~upon~~into ~~receiving~~two ~~final~~samples, ~~permit~~and ~~approvals~~half of each sample submitted directly to American Assay Labs in Reno, ~~which~~Nevada, ~~are~~through ~~expected~~secure ~~before~~chain ~~the~~of ~~end~~custody protocols. The other half of the ~~second~~core ~~quarter~~is ofplaced ~~2024~~back ~~(see~~into ~~Section~~the 11core ~~above~~box for ~~drill~~archive ~~hole~~and ~~permitting~~potential ~~process~~further study and ~~status)~~analysis. ~~Solitario~~Sample ~~will~~widths ~~also~~generally ~~continue~~range ~~its~~from ~~surface~~0.4 ~~exploration~~to ~~program~~2.2 onmeters ain ~~more~~drill ~~limited~~length. ~~scale~~Solitario atgeologists ~~the~~and ~~Golden~~technicians ~~Crest~~bag ~~project~~each ~~consisting~~individual ofsample ~~prospecting~~interval ~~for~~and ~~new~~load ~~areas~~each group of ~~mineralization~~samples ~~and~~onto ~~better~~an ~~defining~~independent ~~existing~~trucking ~~areas~~company ~~through~~truck. ~~the~~All ~~collection~~activities ofprior ~~select~~to ~~rock~~shipment ~~grab~~are ~~samples,~~directly ~~systematic~~supervised ~~soil~~by ~~sampling,~~Solitario ~~trenching and geophysics~~geologists.

~~Florida~~All ~~Canyon~~core ~~Zinc~~sample ~~Project~~are ~~(Peru)~~transported, prepared and analyzed at the American Assay Laboratories in Reno, Nevada, which is independent from Solitario. Thorough QA/QC protocols are followed on the project, including insertion of duplicate, blank and standard samples in the assay stream for all drill holes. Samples are pulverized from a 250g sample to 85% passing 75 mesh. Approximately 225g of pulp sample is prepared for fire assay. Assays are based on a 30g fire assay aliquot for gold with Atomic Absorption finish. If the gold value from Atomic Absorption is >10 gpt, an additional 30g of pulp sample is fire assayed for gold using a gravimetric finish.

~~Gustavson~~The &collection ~~Associates~~of ~~completed~~all ~~the~~select ~~S-K~~surface ~~1300~~grab ~~Florida~~rock ~~Canyon~~samples ~~TRS~~was ~~which~~supervised isby ~~entitled~~project ~~S-K~~geologists, ~~1300~~including ~~Technical~~chain ~~Report~~of ~~Summary~~custody. Rock ~~Florida~~grab ~~Canyon~~samples ~~Zinc~~were ~~Project~~reconnaissance select composite samples that usually displayed alteration, ~~Amazonas~~typically ~~Department~~silicification, ~~Peru;~~and ~~Effective~~hydrothermal ~~Date:~~brecciation. Many ~~February~~of 1the select grab samples were rock float. These samples were derived from the underlying bedrock in the immediate area, ~~2022~~with little transport due to the subdued relief. In all cases the samples are composites within a small area of less than one-square meter or composites of sub-crop or outcrop. The significance of these samples is limited to determining whether gold, ~~Report~~or ~~Date:~~trace ~~March~~elements 15usually associated with gold, ~~2022~~are present within rocks affected by hydrothermal alteration fluids and assay results may not be representative of, nor verify economically mineable mineralization at depth.

~~The~~Chip-channel ~~following~~and ~~summary~~trenching ~~descriptions~~and ofcomposite ~~the~~samples ~~Florida~~were ~~Canyon~~more ~~project~~systematically ~~does~~collected ~~not~~as ~~purport~~a tomeasured becontinuous asample ~~complete~~of ~~description~~bedrock, bedrock + weathered bedrock and isweathered ~~qualified~~bedrock. The inchip ~~its~~channel ~~entirety~~assays byare ~~reference~~thought to be the ~~full~~most ~~text~~representative of ~~the~~bedrock ~~S-K~~mineralization ~~1300~~in ~~Florida~~comparison ~~Canyon~~to ~~TRS,~~trench ~~which~~samples isthat ~~incorporated~~contained byweathered ~~reference~~bedrock asand/or ~~Exhibit 96~~soil.1 In toall ~~this~~cases, ~~Annual~~chip ~~Report~~channel onand ~~Form~~trenching ~~10-K~~samples are considered more representative than select grab samples. Surface ~~There~~samples ~~has~~were ~~not~~analyzed ~~been~~by ~~material~~ALS ~~change~~Laboratories in ~~the~~Reno, ~~mineral~~NV, ~~reserves~~a orlaboratory ~~mineral~~accredited ~~resources~~in ~~for~~accordance with the ~~Florida~~standards ~~Canyon~~of ~~Zinc~~ISO ~~project~~17025:2017. The ~~since~~samples ~~the~~were ~~date~~crushed ofand ~~the~~pulverized, ~~last~~and ~~technical~~sample ~~report~~pulps ~~summary~~were ~~for~~analyzed ~~the~~using ~~property~~industry standard fire assay methods. A certified reference sample or duplicate was inserted at least every 20th sample.

229. ~~Table~~Prefeasibility ofStudies: ~~Contents~~No prefeasibility studies have been conducted on the Golden Crest project.

110. ~~Property~~Reserves ~~Description~~ and ~~Location~~Resources: There are no reported mineral reserves or mineral resources on the Golden Crest project.

~~(Map~~11. ofDrill ~~Florida~~Hole ~~Canyon Property~~Permitting, ~~formerly~~General ~~Bongará)~~Reclamation and ESG

~~On August 15, 2006,~~ Solitario ~~signed~~submitted aits ~~Letter~~original ~~Agreement~~Plan ~~with~~of ~~Votorantim~~Operations ~~Metais~~(“POO”) ~~Cajamarquilla,~~to ~~S.A.,~~the aUSFS ~~wholly~~in late-~~owned~~2021 ~~subsidiary~~for of25 ~~Votorantim~~widely ~~(now~~spaced ~~known~~drill ashole ~~Nexa)~~locations ~~(both~~throughout ~~companies~~our ~~are~~property ~~referred~~position. toAfter inUSFS ~~this~~comments, ~~Item~~and ~~2 as ”Nexa”) on~~ Solitario's ~~100%-owned~~responses ~~Florida~~to ~~Canyon~~those ~~zinc~~comments, ~~project~~the ~~(formerly~~POO ~~called~~was ~~the~~deemed ~~Bongará~~complete ~~project), On~~in ~~March~~May ~~24,~~of ~~2007,~~2022. ~~Solitario~~Respec ~~signed~~Company ~~the~~LLC ~~Framework~~(“Respec”) ~~Agreement~~was ~~with~~engaged ~~Votorantim~~by ~~for~~ the ~~Exploration~~USFS ~~and~~to ~~Potential~~complete ~~Development~~an ofEnvironmental ~~Mining~~Assessment ~~Properties~~ (~~the~~ “~~Framework Agreement~~EA”), ~~pursuant~~on ~~to,~~Solitario’s ~~and~~proposed ~~replacing,~~POO ~~the~~activities. ~~2006~~A ~~Letter~~draft ~~Agreement. In~~EA ~~2015~~was ~~Votorantim~~completed ~~transferred~~and ~~its~~published ~~interest~~ in ~~the~~May ~~Florida~~2023. ~~Canyon~~The ~~project to Milpo~~USFS, anin ~~80%-owned~~coordination ~~affiliate~~with ~~of Votorantim. In October of 2017~~Respec, ~~Milpo~~analyzed and ~~Votorantim~~prepared ~~merged~~responses to ~~form~~the ~~Nexa. Nexa~~public iscomments, ~~listed~~making onany ~~the~~required ~~NYSE~~changes ~~under~~to the ~~trading symbol “NEXA~~analysis.~~” For~~ ~~the~~and ~~remainder~~then ofprepared ~~this~~a ~~Florida~~final ~~Canyon~~EA ~~property~~and ~~section,~~a ~~all~~determination ~~references~~if tothe ~~Votorantim,~~project ~~Milpo~~proposal orconformed ~~Nexa~~to ~~are~~a ~~collectively~~Finding ~~referred~~of toNo asSignificant ~~Nexa~~Impact (FONSI).

~~The~~In ~~Florida~~December ~~Canyon~~2023, ~~project~~the ~~consists~~USFS ofissued 16its ~~concessions~~final ~~comprising~~Environmental ~~12,600~~Assessment ~~hectares~~and Draft Decision of ~~mineral~~No ~~rights~~Significant ~~originally~~Impact ~~granted~~on toSolitario’s ~~Minera~~Proposed ~~Bongará~~Golden SCrest Drilling Program.A. As a result of this decision, ~~our~~Solitario ~~subsidiary~~did ~~incorporated~~not inhave ~~Peru. The~~to ~~property~~do isany ~~located~~additional inenvironmental ~~the~~studies ~~Department~~beyond ofits ~~Amazonas~~comprehensive EA. Following this decision, ~~northern~~a ~~Peru. Solitario's~~45-day ~~and~~period ~~Nexa’s~~ensued ~~property~~allowing ~~interests~~for ~~are~~interested ~~held~~parties ~~through~~that commented on the ~~ownership~~original ofdraft ~~shares~~EA into ~~Minera~~object ~~Bongará~~to ~~S.A.,~~the aFONSI ~~joint~~decision. ~~operating~~USFS ~~company~~completed ~~that~~its ~~holds~~analysis aof ~~100%~~the ~~interest~~objections inand made the ~~mineral~~determination ~~rights~~to ~~and~~allow ~~other~~drilling ~~project~~to ~~assets. Solitario~~begin ~~currently~~in ~~owns~~June a2024. ~~39%~~Several ~~interest~~State inapprovals ~~the~~were ~~Florida~~also ~~Canyon~~acquired ~~project~~during this period.

~~During 2015 Nexa completed the steps required to earn a 61% interest in the Florida Canyon project, with~~ Solitario ~~retaining~~submitted a ~~39%~~second ~~interest. Nexa~~POO ~~may earn an additional 9% interest (up~~ to athe ~~70%~~USFS ~~shareholding interest)~~ in ~~Minera~~December ~~Bongará~~2022 ~~S.A.,~~for by44 ~~sole-funding~~drill ~~future~~hole ~~annual~~platform ~~exploration~~locations ~~and~~situated ~~development~~southeast ~~expenditures~~of ~~until a production decision is made. The option to earn~~ the ~~70%~~original ~~interest~~Golden ~~can~~Creast ~~be exercised by Nexa at any time by committing to place the project into production based upon a completed feasibility study~~POO. ~~Nexa~~ isWe ~~the~~refer ~~project manager. Once Nexa has committed~~ to place the project into production based upon a feasibility study, it has further agreed to finance Solitario's 30% participating interest until production with a loan facility from Nexa to Solitario. Solitario will repay this ~~loan~~area ~~facility~~as ~~through 50% of Solitario's cash flow distributions from the joint operating company~~Ponderosa. ~~Solitario~~ ~~completed~~Respec ~~the funding of $1,580,000 of a drilling program during 2019. Solitario~~ was ~~not~~engaged ~~obligated~~by ~~to fund under~~ the ~~terms~~USFS ofto ~~the~~complete ~~Framework~~an ~~Agreement.~~Environmental ~~The~~Assessment ~~paid~~(“EA”) ~~funding of the drilling program will be treated as an advance~~ on Solitario’s ~~commitment~~proposed toPonderosa ~~fund~~POO ~~30%~~activities. ofAs ~~any~~the ~~future~~end ~~construction development costs~~ of ~~Florida Canyon under the original joint venture agreement. Accordingly~~February, in2025 the ~~event~~draft ~~the~~EA ~~Florida Canyon project~~ is ~~developed,~~nearing which cannot be assured at this time, the funds paid to Nexa under this arrangement will reduce the amount of Solitario’s obligation to fund 30% of future development costs, and/or repay loans from Nexa for future development costs at the Florida Canyon projectcompletion.

23Solitario ~~Table~~is committed to a “best practices” policy for all of ~~Contents~~its exploration activities, whether on private or public lands. For example, all proposed drill hole locations are located adjacent to or on logging roads or other logging related surface disturbances. In this way drill hole sites will minimize or eliminate new surface disturbance on public land. All rock and soil sampling, as well as hand-tool trenching, conducted to date has been reclaimed as soon as practical after taking surface samples. We have monitored the impacts of these activities, and in all instances, virtually no visual impacts exist after completion of reclamation. Drilling proposed under the POO and analyzed in the EA will be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the decision document issued by the USFS and any state permits granted for proposed actions.

~~According~~25 toTable ~~Peruvian law, concessions may be held indefinitely, subject only to payment~~ of annual fees to the government. In June 2024, total payments of approximately $744,910 to the Peruvian government will be due in order to maintain all the Florida Canyon mineral rights of Minera Bongará S.A. Nexa is responsible for paying these costs as part of its earn-in expenditure. The joint venture reviews its land holdings annually to determine if additional claims need to be added, or lower priority claims dropped. Peru imposes a sliding scale royalty varying from 1% to 12% of the operating profit of a mining operation. The percentage royalty is determined by rule based on the operating margin; however, the minimum royalty is 1% of the revenues. Contents

~~From time-to-time Nexa may enter into surface rights agreements with individual landowners to provide access for exploration work at the Florida Canyon project~~12. ~~Generally,~~Planned ~~these~~Exploration ~~are short-term agreements. Nexa has an agreement with the local community which specifies certain obligations~~ and ~~payments~~Development ~~that Nexa is required to provide in exchange for community permissions to perform work.~~

~~Environmental~~ For ~~permits~~2025, ~~are~~Solitario ~~required~~is ~~for~~planning ~~exploration~~to ~~and~~conduct ~~development~~a ~~projects~~Phase-1, in4,000-meter ~~Peru~~drilling ~~that~~program ~~involve~~consisting ~~drilling,~~of ~~road~~approximately ~~building~~15 orexploration ~~underground~~core ~~mining~~holes. Depending ~~The~~on ~~requisite~~drilling ~~environmental~~results and ~~archeological~~additional ~~studies~~funding, ~~were~~an ~~completed~~expanded ~~for~~Phase-2 ~~all~~drilling ~~past~~program ~~work.~~is ~~Nexa~~anticipated ~~received~~utilizing a ~~permit~~second indrill ~~2021~~rig. The toinitiation ~~allow for drilling immediately south and east~~ of the ~~current~~Phase-2 ~~Florida~~program ~~Canyon drilling area and~~ is ~~currently~~dependent ~~working~~upon onreceiving anfinal ~~additional~~ permit approvals for anPonderosa, ~~expanded~~which ~~drilling~~are ~~program.~~expected ~~Although~~before ~~we believe that new permits will be obtained in a timely fashion,~~ the ~~timing~~end of ~~government~~the ~~approval~~second quarter of ~~permits remains beyond our control~~2025.

2.Florida ~~Accessibility,~~Canyon ~~Climate,~~Zinc ~~Local~~Project ~~Resources,~~(Peru) ~~Infrastructure and Physiology~~

~~The~~Gustavson ~~Florida~~& ~~Canyon~~Associates ~~property~~completed ~~is accessed from~~ the ~~coastal~~S-K ~~city~~1300 ofFlorida ~~Chiclayo~~Canyon byTRS ~~the paved Carretera Marginal road,~~ which is aentitled ~~heavily~~S-K ~~travelled~~1300 ~~paved~~Technical ~~national~~Report ~~highway~~Summary ~~that~~Florida ~~passes~~Canyon ~~approximately~~Zinc eight kilometers south of the deposit. The nearest town to the project is Pedro Ruiz located 15 kilometers southeast of the property. The area of the majority of past drilling and the most prospective mineralizationProject, ~~Florida~~Amazonas ~~Canyon~~Department, ~~was~~Peru; ~~previously~~Effective ~~inaccessible~~Date: byFebruary ~~road~~1, ~~the~~2022, ~~work~~Report toDate: ~~date~~March ~~having been done by either foot or helicopter access. In 2023~~15, ~~Nexa completed road access to local communities and portions of the mineralized areas~~2022. Nexa has now completed approximately 40 kilometers of access road. Nexa maintains project field offices in Pedro Ruiz and a drill core processing facility and operations office in the nearby community of Shipasbamba.

The ~~project~~following ~~area~~summary ~~elevation~~descriptions ~~ranges~~of ~~between~~the ~~1,800~~Florida ~~and~~Canyon ~~3,200~~project ~~meters~~does ~~above~~not ~~sea~~purport ~~level.~~to ~~The~~be ~~climate~~a iscomplete ~~tropical~~description ~~with~~and anis ~~average~~qualified ~~annual~~in ~~temperature~~its ofentirety ~~approximately~~by ~~25oC.~~reference ~~Mean annual rainfall exceeds one meter with up~~ to ~~two meters in~~ the ~~cloud~~full ~~forest~~text atof ~~higher~~the ~~elevations.~~S-K ~~Most~~1300 ~~precipitation~~Florida ~~occurs~~Canyon ~~during the rainy season~~TRS, ~~between~~which ~~November and April. Field work~~ is ~~considerably~~incorporated ~~more~~by ~~difficult~~reference inas ~~the~~Exhibit ~~rainy season~~96.1 ~~Topography~~to isthis ~~steep,~~Annual ~~consisting~~Report ofon ~~prominent~~Form ~~escarpments and deep valleys~~10-K. There ~~Dense~~has ~~jungle~~not orbeen ~~forest~~material ~~vegetation~~change ~~covers~~in the ~~project~~mineral ~~area.~~reserves ~~With~~or ~~the~~mineral ~~exception~~resources offor the ~~completed~~Florida ~~access~~Canyon ~~road~~Zinc ~~and~~project ~~approximately~~since ~~700~~the ~~meters~~date of ~~tunneling,~~the nolast ~~permanent~~technical ~~infrastructure~~report ~~facilities~~summary ~~have~~for ~~been constructed within~~ the ~~project area~~property.

31. Property ~~History~~Description and Location

We(Map ~~discovered the Florida Canyon mineralized zone~~ of ~~the~~ Florida Canyon ~~project in 1996. Subsequently~~Property, weformerly ~~joint ventured the property in December 1996 to Cominco (now Teck~~Bongará). Cominco drilled 80 core holes from 1997-2000. Cominco withdrew from the joint venture in February 2001, and at that time Solitario retained its 100% interest in the project. We maintained the claims from 2001 to 2006, until the 2006 letter agreement was signed with Nexa. Nexa conducted surface drilling on an annual basis from 2006 to 2013 and from 2018 to 2019, and 2023, Underground tunneling and drilling was conducted from 2010 to 2013. All significant work on the property has been conducted by our joint venture partners, Cominco and Nexa, and is described below in Section 5, “Prior Exploration and Recent Work.”

4On August 15, 2006, Solitario signed a Letter Agreement with Votorantim Metais Cajamarquilla, S.A., ~~Geological~~a ~~Setting~~wholly-owned subsidiary of Votorantim (now known as Nexa) (both companies are referred to in this Item 2 as ”Nexa”) on Solitario's 100%-owned Florida Canyon zinc project (formerly called the Bongará project), On March 24, 2007, Solitario signed the Framework Agreement with Votorantim for the Exploration and Potential Development of Mining Properties (the “Framework Agreement”), pursuant to, and replacing, the 2006 Letter Agreement. In 2015 Votorantim transferred its interest in the Florida Canyon project to Milpo, an 80%-owned affiliate of Votorantim. In October of 2017, Milpo and Votorantim merged to form Nexa. Nexa is listed on the NYSE under the trading symbol “NEXA.” For the remainder of this Florida Canyon property section, all references to Votorantim, Milpo or Nexa are collectively referred to as Nexa.

~~The~~26 ~~project~~Table ~~is located within an extensive belt~~ of Mesozoic carbonate rocks belonging to the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Pucará Group and equivalents. This belt extends through the central and eastern extent of the Peruvian Andes for nearly 1,000 km and is the host for many polymetallic and base metal vein and replacement deposits in the Peruvian Mineral Belt. Among these is the San Vicente Mississippi Valley Type (“MVT”) zinc-lead-silver deposit that has many similarities to the Florida Canyon deposit and other MVT occurrences in the project area.Contents

The ~~geology~~Florida ofCanyon ~~the~~project ~~Florida~~consists ~~Canyon~~of ~~area~~11 isconcessions ~~relatively~~comprising ~~simple~~8,700 ~~consisting~~hectares of amineral ~~sequence~~rights oforiginally ~~Jurassic~~granted ~~and~~to ~~Triassic~~Minera ~~clastic~~Bongará ~~and~~S.A., ~~carbonate~~our ~~rocks~~subsidiary ~~which~~incorporated ~~are~~in ~~gently~~Peru. ~~deformed~~Approximately ~~into~~3,900 ahectares ~~broad~~of ~~northwesterly~~low ~~trending~~priority ~~domal~~concessions ~~anticline~~were terminated in 2024. The ~~MVT~~property ~~zinc-lead-silver~~is ~~mineralization~~located ~~occurs~~ in the ~~carbonate~~Department ~~facies~~ of Amazonas, northern Peru. Solitario's and Nexa’s property interests are held through the ~~Chambara~~ownership ~~(rock)~~of ~~Formation~~shares in Minera Bongará S.A., ~~This~~a ~~domal~~joint ~~anticline~~operating iscompany ~~cut~~that onholds ~~the~~a ~~west~~100% byinterest in the ~~Sam~~mineral ~~Fault~~rights and toother ~~the~~project ~~east~~assets. Solitario bycurrently owns a 39% interest in the ~~Tesoro-~~Florida ~~Fault~~Canyon project.

24During ~~Table~~2015 Nexa completed the steps required to earn a 61% interest in the Florida Canyon project, with Solitario retaining a 39% interest. Nexa may earn an additional 9% interest (up to a 70% shareholding interest) in Minera Bongará S.A., by sole-funding future annual exploration and development expenditures until a production decision is made. The option to earn a 70% interest can be exercised by Nexa at any time by committing to place the project into production based upon a completed feasibility study. Nexa is the project manager. Once Nexa has committed to place the project into production based upon a feasibility study, it has further agreed to finance Solitario's 30% participating interest until production with a loan facility from Nexa to Solitario. Solitario will repay this loan facility through 50% of ~~Contents~~Solitario's cash flow distributions from the joint operating company. Solitario completed the funding of $1,580,000 of a drilling program during 2019. Solitario was not obligated to fund under the terms of the Framework Agreement. The paid funding of the drilling program will be treated as an advance on Solitario’s commitment to fund 30% of any future construction development costs of Florida Canyon under the original joint venture agreement. Accordingly, in the event the Florida Canyon project is developed, which cannot be assured at this time, the funds paid to Nexa under this arrangement will reduce the amount of Solitario’s obligation to fund 30% of future development costs, and/or repay loans from Nexa for future development costs at the Florida Canyon project.

5According to Peruvian law, concessions may be held indefinitely, subject only to payment of annual fees to the government. In ~~Prior~~June ~~Exploration~~2025, ~~and~~total ~~Recent~~payments ~~Work~~of approximately $639,000 to the Peruvian government will be due in order to maintain all the Florida Canyon mineral rights of Minera Bongará S.A. Nexa is responsible for paying these costs as part of its earn-in expenditure. The joint venture reviews its land holdings annually to determine if additional claims need to be added, or lower priority claims dropped. Peru imposes a sliding scale royalty varying from 1% to 12% of the operating profit of a mining operation. The percentage royalty is determined by rule based on the operating margin; however, the minimum royalty is 1% of the revenues.

WeFrom ~~conducted~~time-to-time aNexa ~~regional~~may ~~stream~~enter ~~sediment~~into ~~survey~~surface ~~and~~rights ~~reconnaissance~~agreements ~~geological~~with ~~surveys~~individual ~~leading~~landowners to ~~the~~provide ~~discovery~~access offor exploration work at the Florida Canyon ~~area~~project. inGenerally, ~~1996~~these are short-term agreements. ~~The~~Nexa ~~discovered~~has ~~outcropping~~an ~~mineralization~~agreement with the local community which specifies certain obligations and payments that Nexa is ~~located~~required into ~~two~~provide ~~deeply~~in ~~incised~~exchange ~~canyons~~for ~~within~~community ~~the~~permissions ~~limestone~~to ~~stratigraphy~~perform work.

~~Subsequent~~Environmental topermits ~~our~~are ~~initial~~required ~~work,~~for ~~Cominco~~exploration ~~conducted~~and ~~extensive~~development ~~mapping,~~projects ~~soil~~in ~~and~~Peru ~~rock~~that ~~sampling~~involve drilling, ~~stream~~road ~~sediment~~building ~~surveys~~or ~~and~~underground ~~drilling~~mining. The ~~This~~requisite ~~work~~environmental ~~was~~and ~~designed~~archeological tostudies ~~determine~~were ~~the~~completed ~~extent~~for ~~and~~all ~~grade~~past ofwork. Nexa ~~the~~received ~~zinc-lead~~a ~~mineralization,~~permit in 2021 to ~~determine~~allow ~~the~~for ~~controls~~drilling immediately south and east of ~~mineral~~the ~~deposition~~current Florida Canyon drilling area and tois ~~identify~~currently ~~areas~~working ofon ~~potential~~an ~~new~~additional ~~mineralization.~~permit ~~Nexa~~for ~~began~~an ~~work~~expanded indrilling ~~the~~program. Although ~~fall~~we ofbelieve ~~2006~~that ~~and~~new ~~drilled~~permits ~~annually~~will ~~from~~be ~~2006~~obtained ~~through~~in ~~2013~~a timely fashion, ~~and~~the intiming ~~2018-2019.~~of ~~Underground~~government ~~exploration~~approval ~~operations~~of ~~were~~permits ~~conducted~~remains ~~from~~beyond ~~2011-2013~~our control.

~~Nexa’s expenditures for 2023 were approximately $4~~2.0 Accessibility, ~~million.~~Climate, ~~Four~~Local major work activities were completed in 2023. These included: 1) completion and upgrading of the access road to the project area and adjacent communities as part of their community outreach program; 2) completion of the Phase 5 permitting allowing for an additional 169 new drilling platforms and permission to drill 54 previously permitted platformsResources, ~~and~~Infrastructure ~~360 meters of new underground tunnels at San Jorge; 3) signing of a new two-year community exploration agreement with the local communities;~~ and, ~~4) initial drilling in the Florida Sur area to test for potential extensions of the Florida Canyon deposit.~~Physiology

6The Florida Canyon property is accessed from the coastal city of Chiclayo by the paved Carretera Marginal road, which is a heavily travelled paved national highway that passes approximately eight kilometers south of the deposit. The ~~Mineralization~~nearest town to the project is Pedro Ruiz located 15 kilometers southeast of the property. The area of the majority of past drilling and the most prospective mineralization, Florida Canyon, was previously inaccessible by road, the work to date having been done by either foot or helicopter access. In 2023, Nexa completed road access to local communities and portions of the mineralized areas. Nexa has now completed approximately 40 kilometers of access road. Nexa maintains project field offices in Pedro Ruiz and a drill core processing facility and operations office in the nearby community of Shipasbamba.

~~Two~~The ~~important~~project ~~styles~~area ofelevation ~~mineralization~~ranges ~~occur~~between at1,800 ~~Florida Canyon: Manto-style with mineralization usually localized in favorable carbonate strata in a near horizontal orientation;~~ and a3,200 ~~second~~meters ~~style~~above ~~with~~sea ~~mineralization in a near-vertical orientation occurring within high-angle structural zones~~level. ~~Manto~~ The ~~mineralization~~climate ~~occurs~~is astropical ~~both~~with ~~massive~~an toaverage ~~semi-massive~~annual ~~replacements~~temperature ~~and disseminations~~ of ~~sphalerite~~approximately ~~and galena localized by specific sedimentary facies (rock strata) within the limestone stratigraphy~~25oC. ~~Often~~ Mean ~~manto-style~~annual ~~mineralization~~rainfall isexceeds ~~laterally~~one ~~associated~~meter with ~~near-vertical~~up ~~structural~~to ~~feeders~~two ~~and~~meters ~~karst~~in ~~breccias that cut~~ the ~~carbonate~~cloud ~~stratigraphy. A~~forest ~~total~~at ofhigher ~~11 preferred beds for replacement mineralization have been located within the middle unit of the Chambara Formation~~elevations. ~~Mineralization~~ Most isprecipitation ~~associated~~occurs ~~with~~during the ~~conversion~~rainy ~~of limestone to dolomite~~season, ~~which~~between ~~creates~~November ~~porosity~~ and ~~permeability within the rock formations~~April. Field Itwork is ~~believed~~considerably ~~that~~more ~~mineralizing~~difficult ~~fluids~~in ~~passed~~the ~~through~~rainy ~~structurally~~season. Topography ~~controlled~~is ~~vertical~~steep, ~~feeder~~consisting ~~zones~~of ~~and~~prominent ~~into~~escarpments ~~adjacent near-horizontal rock formations to produce mineralized vertical replacement bodies~~ and ~~stratigraphically~~deep ~~controlled near-horizontal manto deposits~~valleys. ~~Drilling~~ Dense ofjungle ~~stratigraphic~~or ~~targets~~forest ~~has~~vegetation ~~shown~~covers ~~that~~the ~~certain~~project ~~coarser-grained~~area. With ~~facies of~~ the ~~stratigraphy~~exception ~~are~~of the ~~best~~completed ~~hosts~~access ~~for~~road ~~manto~~and ~~mineralization.~~approximately ~~Stratigraphically~~700 ~~controlled mineralization is typically one to several~~ meters inof ~~thickness~~tunneling, ~~but~~no ~~often~~permanent ~~attains~~infrastructure ~~thicknesses~~facilities ofhave ~~five~~been toconstructed ~~ten~~within ~~meters.~~the project area.

2527 Table of Contents

~~Zinc mineralization was originally deposited in the form of sulfide minerals~~3. However, some near-surface mineralization has been oxidized to varying degrees. Approximately 80% of mineralization defined at Florida Canyon is sulfide-dominant with the remainder being mixed sulfide-oxide, or oxide-dominant. Processing sulfide mineralization is commercially more profitable. History

~~Karst~~We ~~features~~discovered ~~are~~the ~~localized~~Florida ~~along~~Canyon mineralized zone of the ~~feeder~~Florida ~~faults~~Canyon project in 1996. Subsequently, we joint ventured the property in December 1996 to Cominco (now Teck). Cominco drilled 80 core holes from 1997-2000. Cominco withdrew from the joint venture in February 2001, and ~~locally~~at ~~produce~~that ~~"breakout~~time ~~zones"~~Solitario ~~where~~retained ~~mineralization~~its ~~may~~100% ~~extend~~interest ~~vertically~~in ~~across~~the ~~thick~~project. We ~~stratigraphic~~maintained ~~intervals~~the ~~where~~claims ~~collapse~~from ~~breccias~~2001 ~~have~~to ~~been~~2006, ~~replaced~~until bythe ~~ore~~2006 ~~minerals~~letter agreement was signed with Nexa. ~~Mineralized~~ Nexa ~~karst~~conducted ~~structures~~surface ~~are~~drilling upon an annual basis from 2006 to 502013 ~~meters~~and infrom ~~width~~2018 ~~(horizontal)~~to 2019, upand 2023. Underground tunneling and drilling was conducted from 2010 to ~~900~~2013. All ~~meters~~significant ~~vertically~~work on the property has been conducted by our joint venture partners, Cominco and upNexa, toand 1is described below in Section 5,~~000~~ ~~meters~~“Prior ~~along~~Exploration ~~strike~~and Recent Work. ”

~~Evidence~~4. ~~for~~Geological ~~these breakout zones is provided by the following drill holes from various locations on the property:~~Setting

BreakoutZone Name	Drill HoleNumber	Intercepts(meters)	Zinc%	Lead%	Zinc+Lead%
Sam	GC-17FC-23	58.881.5	12.04.8	2.80.8	14.85.6
Karen	A-1	36.2	12.8	2.7	15.5
V-1021	V-21	92.0	5.5	1.7	7.2
South Zone	V-44V-169	28.351.6	15.27.1	0.80.7	16.07.8
San Jorge	V-297	56.6	22.69	1.15	23.84

The project is located within an extensive belt of Mesozoic carbonate rocks belonging to the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Pucará Group and equivalents. This belt extends through the central and eastern extent of the Peruvian Andes for nearly 1,000 km and is the host for many polymetallic and base metal vein and replacement deposits in the Peruvian Mineral Belt. Among these is the San Vicente Mississippi Valley Type (“MVT”) zinc-lead-silver deposit that has many similarities to the Florida Canyon deposit and other MVT occurrences in the project area.

~~Dolomitization~~The ~~reaches~~geology ~~stratigraphic thicknesses in excess~~ of ~~100 meters locally. This alteration is thought to be related to~~ the ~~mineralizing~~Florida ~~event~~Canyon ~~and~~area is anrelatively ~~important~~simple ~~exploration~~consisting ~~tool. Continuity~~ of ~~the~~a ~~mineralization~~sequence ~~is demonstrable in areas~~ of ~~highest~~Jurassic ~~drilling~~and ~~density~~Triassic byclastic ~~correlation~~and ofcarbonate ~~mineralization~~rocks ~~within~~which ~~characteristic~~are ~~sedimentary~~gently ~~facies,~~deformed ~~typical~~into ofa ~~specific~~broad ~~stratigraphic~~northwesterly ~~intervals~~trending ordomal ~~within~~anticline. The ~~through~~MVT zinc-~~going~~lead-silver ~~observable~~mineralization ~~structural~~occurs ~~zones~~ in ~~drill core. At Florida Canyon~~ the ~~two~~carbonate ~~largest-sized~~facies ~~high-angle~~of ~~zones identified to date are~~ the ~~San~~Chambara ~~Jorge~~(rock) ~~and 1021 zones~~Formation. ~~These~~ This ~~zones~~domal ~~represent~~anticline ~~well-defined~~is ~~north-northeast~~cut ~~structural~~on ~~feeder~~the ~~zones. Less~~west ~~important~~by ~~mineralization~~the ~~occurs~~Sam ~~along~~Fault ~~northwest~~ and ~~northeast~~to ~~fracture~~the ~~systems. These~~east ~~structures~~by ~~occur~~the ~~in conjugate fractures, with N10º~~Tesoro-~~50ºE~~Florida ~~trends present at a number of mineralized surface outcrops while trends of N50º-80ºW are identified at other showings~~Fault.

75. ~~Drilling~~Prior Exploration and Recent Work

~~From~~We 1997 through 2001, Cominco drilled 80 surface core holes totaling 24,696 meters. From 2006-2013, Nexa completed 309 surface core holes totaling 77,193 meters. From 2011-2013, Nexa completed 95 underground core holes totaling 15,144 meters. The underground drilling was conducted ~~from~~a 10regional ~~drill~~stream ~~stations~~sediment atsurvey ~~generally 40-meter centers (two drill stations at 20-meter centers)~~ and ~~entirely~~reconnaissance ~~within~~geological ~~the~~surveys ~~San~~leading ~~Jorge mineralized zone. Anywhere from three~~ to 14the ~~holes~~discovery ~~were drilled from each~~ of the ~~ten~~Florida ~~drill~~Canyon ~~stations. The~~area ~~underground~~in ~~drilling was tightly spaced and designed to allow for feasibility-level reserve estimation~~1996. The ~~detailed~~discovered ~~drilling~~outcropping ~~produced~~mineralization ~~higher~~is ~~grades~~located ~~and~~in ~~tonnages~~two indeeply ~~that~~incised ~~portion~~canyons ofwithin the ~~zone~~limestone ~~that was tested compared to surface drilling results~~stratigraphy.

~~From~~Subsequent ~~November 2018~~ to ~~October~~our ~~2019~~initial work, ~~Nexa~~Cominco ~~completed~~conducted aextensive ~~39-hole~~mapping, ~~17,033-meter~~soil ~~core~~and ~~drilling~~rock ~~program. The~~sampling, ~~majority~~stream ofsediment ~~holes~~surveys ~~were~~and ~~drilled in 2019~~drilling. ~~The~~ This ~~program~~work ~~had~~was ~~three~~designed ~~major~~to ~~objectives: 1)~~determine ~~extend~~ the ~~San~~extent ~~Jorge~~and ~~near-vertical~~grade ~~replacement~~of ~~body to~~ the ~~south and the adjacent near~~zinc-~~horizontal~~lead ~~manto~~mineralization, ~~bodies~~ to ~~the~~determine ~~east; 2) offset previously drilled hole V-21 in~~ the ~~northern~~controls ~~part~~ of ~~Florida~~mineral ~~Canyon~~deposition and to ~~determine~~identify ifareas itof ~~represented~~potential anew ~~significant~~mineralization. Nexa ~~near-vertical~~began ~~replacement~~work ~~body~~in ~~with horizontal mantos similar to~~ the ~~San~~fall ~~Jorge~~of ~~Zone;~~2006 and 3)drilled ~~extend~~annually ~~horizontal~~from ~~mantos~~2006 inthrough ~~the~~2013, ~~central~~ and ~~northern~~in ~~parts of the Florida Canyon drilling footprint~~2018-2019. ~~All~~ Underground ~~three~~exploration ~~objectives~~operations were ~~successfully~~conducted ~~achieved~~from 2011-2013.

InNexa’s ~~2023,~~expenditures for 2024 were approximately $2.0 million. Nexa completed ~~two~~significant ~~core~~upgrading ~~holes~~of ~~totaling~~the ~~1,362~~access ~~meters~~road to ~~test~~the ~~for~~project ~~potential~~area ~~extensions~~and adjacent communities as part of ~~the~~their ~~San~~community ~~Jorge~~outreach ~~zone~~program. toNexa also continued its social initiatives that benefited education, health and commercial activities in the ~~south. One~~local ~~hole~~communities ~~interested~~in awhich ~~thin~~the ~~intercept~~project ofis 0located.5 A mrigorous new total re-evaluation of ~~2.05%~~Florida ~~Zn,~~Canyon’s ~~0.47~~resource %model ~~Pb,~~to better evaluate the upside potential remaining at Florida Canyon was initiated and 2is continuing.58 This ~~g/t~~remodeling Agof the resource will aid in identifying new high-priority drill targets within the current footprint of the deposit.

~~All~~28 ~~past~~Table drilling conducted is within a footprint measuring approximately 2.5 kilometers long in a north-south direction and a little over a kilometer in an east-west direction. The entire drill pattern is within what we have informally labeled the Florida Canyon district. Within this district, several zones of strong zinc mineralization have been defined. The three zones with the largest amount of drilling are the San Jorge, the Karen-Milagros and the 1021 zones. Drilling indicates that, for the most part, the entire Florida Canyon district remains open to expansion and the identified zones are interconnected. Better 2018-2019 drill-hole intercepts are provided in the table below:Contents

266. ~~Table of Contents~~Mineralization

2018-2019 Mineralized Intersections
Drill Hole	Intercept	Zinc	Lead	Silver	ZnEq*
Number	Meters	(%)	(%)	(grams/t)	(%)
PEBGD-03	1.3	42.7	15.0	83.0	56.9
PEBGD-04	1.3	40.5	0.0	4.8	40.6
PEBGD-08	4.4	16.8	1.1	32.1	18.3
PEBGD-10	48.9	5.2	1.0	11.5	6.2
including	17.5	11.3	2.2	25.4	13.7
PEBGD-15	12.4	14.9	0.0	8.9	15.1
PEBGD-24	4.1	18.6	0.9	5.7	19.5
PEBGD-25	6.3	7.7	0.5	3.2	8.2
And	8.8	5.2	1.5	18.1	6.9
PEBGD-30	6.7	18.4	0.0	10.6	18.7
PEBGD-31	7.4	11.3	1.7	14.5	13.1
PEBGD-32	9.3	23.5	2.8	18.1	26.5
PEBGD-33	9.9	5.9	1.6	12.9	7.7
PEBGD-36	6.1	20.1	5.6	42.4	25.6
And	1.8	35.2	0.5	69.7	37.1
PEBGD-38	9.7	22.8	0.2	11.8	23.2
PEBGD-39	3.3	37.7	9.6	65.5	47.1

Two important styles of mineralization occur at Florida Canyon: Manto-style with mineralization usually localized in favorable carbonate strata in a near horizontal orientation; and a second style with mineralization in a near-vertical orientation occurring within high-angle structural zones. Manto mineralization occurs as both massive to semi-massive replacements and disseminations of sphalerite and galena localized by specific sedimentary facies (rock strata) within the limestone stratigraphy. Often manto-style mineralization is laterally associated with near-vertical structural feeders and karst breccias that cut the carbonate stratigraphy. A total of 11 preferred beds for replacement mineralization have been located within the middle unit of the Chambara Formation. Mineralization is associated with the conversion of limestone to dolomite, which creates porosity and permeability within the rock formations. It is believed that mineralizing fluids passed through structurally controlled vertical feeder zones and into adjacent near-horizontal rock formations to produce mineralized vertical replacement bodies and stratigraphically controlled near-horizontal manto deposits. Drilling of stratigraphic targets has shown that certain coarser-grained facies of the stratigraphy are the best hosts for manto mineralization. Stratigraphically controlled mineralization is typically one to several meters in thickness, but often attains thicknesses of five to ten meters.

*Zn-EqZinc mineralization was ~~calculated~~originally ~~using~~deposited in the ~~following~~form ~~price~~of ~~assumptions:~~sulfide ~~Zn=$1~~minerals.~~10/lb.~~ However, ~~Pb=$0~~some near-surface mineralization has been oxidized to varying degrees.~~91lb.~~ Approximately 80% of mineralization defined at Florida Canyon is sulfide-dominant with the remainder being mixed sulfide-oxide, ~~Ag=$16~~or oxide-dominant.~~50/oz~~ Processing sulfide mineralization is commercially more profitable.

~~Reported~~Karst features are localized along the feeder faults and locally produce "breakout zones" where mineralization may extend vertically across thick stratigraphic intervals where collapse breccias have been replaced by ore minerals. Mineralized karst structures are ~~estimated~~up to be50 atmeters ~~least~~in ~~80%~~width of(horizontal), ~~the~~up ~~true~~to ~~thickness~~900 meters vertically, and up to 1,000 meters along strike.

~~Numbers~~29 inTable ~~this~~of ~~table may not add exactly as numbers have been rounded to the nearest decimal~~Contents

8.Evidence ~~Sampling,~~for ~~Analysis~~these ~~and~~breakout ~~Security~~zones ofis ~~Samples~~provided by the following drill holes from various locations on the property:

Core recoveries were typically high within mineralized zones, but occasionally karst caves were encountered, and no core was recovered for intervals generally less than two meters. Core samples were transported from the drill by helicopter in sealed boxes to the processing facility in Shipasbamba. The entire core obtained from each drill hole, usually NQ and HQ size, was logged on site at a core storage facility. All of the core containing sulfide mineralization was cut using diamond saws and half of the core was sent for assay. Intervals of the half-core taken for assay were selected according to geologic criteria under the supervision of the geologist in charge and shipped in sealed bags by land. Cominco used SGS Laboratories (“SGS”) and Nexa used ALS-Chemex, both in Lima, Peru, where all samples were analyzed by ICP (inductively coupled plasma). Any samples that contained greater than 1% zinc were then analyzed by wet chemistry assay for zinc and lead to provide a more accurate analysis of grade.

Breakout Zone Name	Drill Hole Number	Intercepts (meters)	Zinc %	Lead %	Zinc+Lead %
Sam	GC-17 FC-23	58.8 81.5	12.0 4.8	2.8 0.8	14.8 5.6
Karen	A-1	36.2	12.8	2.7	15.5
V-1021	V-21	92.0	5.5	1.7	7.2
South Zone	V-44 V-169	28.3 51.6	15.2 7.1	0.8 0.7	16.0 7.8
San Jorge	V-297	56.6	22.69	1.15	23.84

~~Since~~Dolomitization ~~2006,~~reaches ~~Nexa~~stratigraphic ~~has~~thicknesses ~~been~~ in ~~control~~excess of ~~all~~100 ~~field~~meters ~~activities~~locally. This onalteration is thought to be related to the ~~project~~mineralizing event and is ~~responsible~~an ~~for~~important ~~the~~exploration ~~security~~tool. Continuity of ~~samples. Nexa~~the ~~has~~mineralization ~~indicated~~is ~~that~~demonstrable ~~there~~in ~~have~~areas ~~been~~of nohighest ~~breaches~~drilling indensity ~~the~~by ~~security~~correlation of ~~the~~mineralization ~~samples. We~~within ~~have~~characteristic ~~reviewed~~sedimentary facies, ~~and~~typical ~~periodically~~of ~~been~~specific ~~assisted~~stratigraphic byintervals ~~SRK~~or ~~Consulting~~within ~~(USA)~~through-going ~~Inc.~~observable ~~(“SRK)~~structural ~~and~~zones ~~Gustavson~~in ~~Associates,~~drill ~~both~~core. At ~~independent~~Florida ~~international~~Canyon ~~mining~~the ~~engineering~~two ~~firms,~~largest-sized high-angle zones identified to ~~review~~date ~~Nexa’s~~are ~~sampling~~the ~~procedures~~San Jorge and ~~believe~~1021 ~~that~~zones. These ~~adequate~~zones ~~procedures~~represent ~~are~~well-defined innorth-northeast ~~place~~structural tofeeder ~~ensure~~zones. Less ~~the~~important ~~future~~mineralization ~~security~~occurs along northwest and ~~integrity~~northeast offracture ~~samples~~systems. No These ~~breaches~~structures ofoccur ~~security~~in ofconjugate ~~samples~~fractures, ~~are~~with ~~known~~N10º-50ºE totrends ~~have~~present ~~occurred~~at ~~prior~~a tonumber ~~Nexa’s~~of ~~work~~mineralized onsurface ~~the~~outcrops ~~project~~while trends of N50º-80ºW are identified at other showings.

97. ~~Prefeasibility Studies~~Drilling

~~Nexa,~~From ~~either~~1997 through ~~its~~2001, ~~engineering~~Cominco ~~staff~~drilled or80 ~~contracted~~surface ~~independent~~core ~~mining~~holes ~~engineering~~totaling ~~firms~~24,696 ~~has~~meters. From ~~conducted~~2006-2013, ~~studies~~Nexa tocompleted ~~provide~~309 ~~estimates~~surface ofcore ~~deposit~~holes ~~size~~totaling ~~and~~77,193 ~~grade~~meters. From 2011-2013, ~~mining~~Nexa ~~and~~completed ~~processing~~95 ~~recoveries~~underground core holes totaling 15,144 ~~sizing~~meters. The ofunderground ~~appropriate~~drilling ~~scale~~was ofconducted ~~operations,~~from ~~infrastructure~~10 ~~design,~~drill ~~and~~stations ~~capital~~at ~~and~~generally ~~operating~~40-meter ~~cost~~centers ~~estimates~~(two drill stations at a20-meter centers) and entirely within the San Jorge mineralized zone. Anywhere from three to 14 holes were drilled from each of the ten drill stations. The underground drilling was tightly spaced and designed to allow for feasibility-level reserve estimation. The detailed drilling produced higher grades and tonnages in that portion of ~~detail~~the ~~varying~~zone ~~from~~that ~~preliminary~~was ~~economic~~tested ~~assessment~~compared to ~~prefeasibility~~surface ~~levels~~drilling results.

~~Other~~From ~~prefeasibility~~November ~~work~~2018 ~~completed~~to byOctober 2019, Nexa ~~included~~completed ~~drilling~~a 1639-hole, ~~diamond~~17,033-meter core drilling program. The majority of holes inwere ~~2013~~drilled toin ~~evaluate~~2019. The ~~geotechnical~~program ~~and~~had ~~hydrological~~three ~~parameters~~major ofobjectives: 1) extend the ~~mineralized~~San ~~areas~~Jorge ~~for~~near-vertical ~~both~~replacement ~~engineering~~body to the south and ~~environmental~~the ~~purposes. In~~adjacent ~~2016,~~near-horizontal ~~Nexa~~manto ~~completed~~bodies ato ~~geochemical/metallurgical~~the ~~study~~east; ~~that~~2) ~~more~~offset ~~accurately~~previously ~~defined~~drilled hole V-21 in the ~~distribution~~northern part of ~~sulfide/oxide~~Florida ~~mineralization~~Canyon ~~based~~to ondetermine ~~re-assaying~~if ofit ~~nearly~~represented ~~all~~a ~~past~~significant ~~drill~~near-~~hole~~vertical ~~samples. This~~replacement ~~information~~body ~~was~~with ~~critical~~horizontal inmantos ~~resource~~similar ~~estimation~~to the San Jorge Zone; and ~~accurately~~3) ~~estimating~~extend ~~metal~~horizontal ~~recoveries. It~~mantos ~~was~~in ~~assumed~~the ~~that~~central ~~concentrates~~and ~~would~~northern beparts ~~trucked~~of tothe ~~Nexa’s~~Florida ~~Cajamarquilla~~Canyon ~~zinc~~drilling ~~smelter~~footprint. All ~~facility~~three inobjectives ~~Lima,~~were ~~Peru~~successfully achieved.

27In ~~Table~~2023, Nexa completed two core holes totaling 1,362 meters to test for potential extensions of ~~Contents~~the San Jorge zone to the south. One hole interested a thin intercept of 0.5 meters of 2.05% Zn, 0.47 % Pb, and 2.58 g/t Ag.

~~Metallurgical~~All ~~testing~~past todrilling ~~evaluate~~conducted ~~metal~~is ~~recoveries~~within ~~and~~a ~~various~~footprint ~~processing~~measuring ~~options~~approximately ~~for~~2.5 ~~mineralized~~kilometers ~~material~~long ~~at Florida Canyon was conducted~~ in ~~2010,~~a ~~2011,~~north-south ~~2014~~direction and ~~2022. These~~a ~~tests~~little onover ~~composited~~a ~~samples~~kilometer ~~indicate~~in ~~zinc~~an ~~recoveries~~east-west ~~above~~direction. The ~~90%~~entire ~~and~~drill ~~lead~~pattern ~~recoveries~~is ~~above~~within ~~80%~~what ~~were~~we ~~generally~~have ~~achieved~~informally ~~for~~labeled ~~sulfide~~the ~~dominant~~Florida ~~ores~~Canyon district. ~~Increasingly~~ Within ~~lower~~this ~~recoveries~~district, ofseveral ~~zinc~~zones ~~and lead resulted in direct proportion to the percentage~~ of ~~oxides~~strong ~~present~~zinc inmineralization ~~the~~have ~~ore~~been ~~tested~~defined. In The ~~2022,~~three ~~Nexa~~zones ~~initiated~~with athe ~~more~~largest ~~rigorous~~amount ~~metallurgical~~of ~~testing~~drilling ~~program~~are ~~that~~the ~~mainly~~San ~~focused on sulfide mineralization~~Jorge, ~~which is~~ the ~~dominant~~Karen-Milagros ~~ore type (78%). This work indicated higher Zn~~ and Pbthe ~~recoveries~~1021 ~~as well as higher concentrate grades than was estimated previously~~zones. Zn Drilling ~~recovery~~indicates that, for ~~sulfide~~the ~~mineralization~~most ~~was~~part, ~~estimated~~the atentire ~~91.7%~~Florida ~~with~~Canyon adistrict ~~concentrate~~remains ~~grade~~open ofto ~~56.6%~~expansion and ~~lead~~the ~~recovery~~identified ofzones ~~88.5%~~are ~~with a concentrate grade of 52~~interconnected.~~1%.~~ Better ~~The~~2018-2019 ~~impact~~drill-hole ofintercepts ~~these~~are ~~more~~provided ~~recent~~in ~~metallurgical testing results combined with~~ the ~~increase~~table ~~in sulfide resources reported in 2021 is expected to have a positive impact on project economics.~~below:

Solitario and Nexa jointly funded a PEA prepared by SRK for the entire project in 2017 that incorporated a variety of Nexa-generated studies into the analysis. The PEA evaluation included resource estimation, mining and processing recovery estimates, a preliminary mining and processing plan, infrastructure layout, environmental considerations and an economic analysis based on certain base case parameters. The PEA envisioned an underground mining operation with a 2,500 tonne per day floatation mill for processing, resulting in a 12.5-year mine life. It was assumed that concentrates would be trucked to Nexa’s Cajamarquilla zinc smelter facility in Lima, Peru.

2018-2019 Mineralized Intersections
Drill Hole	Intercept	Zinc	Lead	Silver	ZnEq*
Number	Meters	(%)	(%)	(grams/t)	(%)
PEBGD-03	1.3	42.7	15.0	83.0	56.9
PEBGD-04	1.3	40.5	0.0	4.8	40.6
PEBGD-08	4.4	16.8	1.1	32.1	18.3
PEBGD-10	48.9	5.2	1.0	11.5	6.2
including	17.5	11.3	2.2	25.4	13.7
PEBGD-15	12.4	14.9	0.0	8.9	15.1
PEBGD-24	4.1	18.6	0.9	5.7	19.5
PEBGD-25	6.3	7.7	0.5	3.2	8.2
And	8.8	5.2	1.5	18.1	6.9
PEBGD-30	6.7	18.4	0.0	10.6	18.7
PEBGD-31	7.4	11.3	1.7	14.5	13.1
PEBGD-32	9.3	23.5	2.8	18.1	26.5
PEBGD-33	9.9	5.9	1.6	12.9	7.7
PEBGD-36	6.1	20.1	5.6	42.4	25.6
And	1.8	35.2	0.5	69.7	37.1
PEBGD-38	9.7	22.8	0.2	11.8	23.2
PEBGD-39	3.3	37.7	9.6	65.5	47.1

~~Prior to the 2022 S~~*Zn-KEq ~~1300~~was ~~Florida~~calculated ~~Canyon~~using ~~TRS~~the ~~filing,~~following ~~Solitario~~price ~~filed on SEDAR in Canada a technical report entitled~~assumptions: ~~Amended NI 43-101 Technical Report on Resources, Florida Canyon Zinc Project, Amazonas Department, Peru; Effective Date: February~~ Zn=$1.10/lb., ~~2021; Report Date: April 5~~Pb=$0.91lb., ~~2021; and Amended Date: May 27, 2021~~Ag=$16.50/oz.

~~10.~~Reported ~~Reserves~~intervals ~~and~~are ~~Resources~~estimated to be at least 80% of the true thickness

~~There~~Numbers ~~are no reported mineral reserves at the Florida Canyon project. Estimated Mineral Resources for the Florida Canyon deposit are shown~~ in ~~the~~this table ~~below~~may ~~(for~~not ~~greater~~add ~~detail,~~exactly ~~see~~as ~~“S-K~~numbers ~~1300~~have ~~Technical~~been ~~Report~~rounded ~~Summary Florida Canyon Zinc Project, Amazonas Department, Peru; Effective Date: February 1, 2022, Report Date: March 15, 2021, which is Exhibit 96.1~~ to ~~this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Gustavson & Associates, an international independent mining engineering firm, completed~~ the ~~S-K~~nearest ~~1300 Florida Canyon TRS).~~ decimal

~~Florida~~30 ~~Canyon~~Table ~~Total~~of ~~Mineral Resources (100% basis)~~Contents

Classification	Sum of Tonnes	Zn %	Ag g/t	Pb %	Fe %
Measured	806,945	11.32	15.42	1.39	2.44
Indicated	1,634,702	10.28	14.87	1.31	2.23
Measured + Indicated	2,441,647	10.62	15.05	1.33	2.3
Inferred	14,858,733	9.63	11.28	1.26	2

8. Sampling, Analysis and Security of Samples

~~Mineral~~Core ~~resources~~recoveries ~~are~~were ~~not~~typically ~~mineral~~high ~~reserves~~within mineralized zones, but occasionally karst caves were encountered, and ~~have~~no ~~not~~core ~~been~~was ~~demonstrated~~recovered tofor ~~have~~intervals ~~economic~~generally ~~viability.~~less ~~There~~than istwo nometers. Core ~~certainty~~samples ~~that~~were transported from the ~~mineral~~drill ~~resource~~by ~~will~~helicopter bein ~~converted~~sealed boxes to ~~mineral~~the ~~reserves.~~processing facility in Shipasbamba. The ~~quantity~~entire core obtained from each drill hole, usually NQ and ~~grade~~HQ orsize, ~~quality~~was islogged anon ~~estimate~~site at a core storage facility. All of the core containing sulfide mineralization was cut using diamond saws and ishalf ~~rounded~~of the core was sent for assay. Intervals of the half-core taken for assay were selected according to ~~reflect~~geologic criteria under the ~~fact~~supervision ~~that~~of itthe isgeologist anin ~~approximation~~charge and shipped in sealed bags by land. Cominco ~~Quantities~~used ~~may~~SGS ~~not~~Laboratories ~~sum~~(“SGS”) ~~due~~and Nexa used ALS-Chemex, both in Lima, Peru, where all samples were analyzed by ICP (inductively coupled plasma). Any samples that contained greater than 1% zinc were then analyzed by wet chemistry assay for zinc and lead to ~~rounding~~provide a more accurate analysis of grade.

·Since ~~CIM~~2006, ~~(2014)~~Nexa ~~standards~~has ~~for~~been ~~mineral~~in ~~resources~~control ~~were~~of ~~followed.~~all ·field ~~The~~activities ~~effective~~on ~~date of~~ the ~~Mineral~~project ~~Resource~~and ~~Estimate~~ is ~~February~~responsible ~~1st,~~for ~~2021.~~the ·security ~~The~~of ~~mineral~~samples. Nexa ~~resources~~has ~~are~~indicated ~~reported~~that ~~using~~there ahave ~~cutoff~~been ofno USbreaches ~~$41.40/t~~in ~~NSR~~the ~~for~~security ~~sub-level~~of ~~mining~~the ~~areas, US $42~~samples.~~93/t~~ We ~~for~~have ~~cut~~reviewed and ~~fill,~~periodically ~~and~~been USassisted ~~$40.61/t~~by ~~for~~SRK ~~room~~Consulting ~~and~~(USA) ~~pillar~~Inc. ~~areas~~(“SRK) ofand ~~the~~Gustavson ~~mine.~~Associates, ·both ~~The~~independent ~~minimum~~international mining ~~thickness~~engineering ~~was~~firms, 3to mreview ~~for~~Nexa’s ~~sub-levels~~sampling inprocedures ~~cut~~ and ~~fill,~~believe ~~and~~that 4adequate mprocedures ~~for~~are ~~room~~in ~~and~~place ~~pillars~~to ~~method.~~ensure ·the ~~Mineral~~future ~~resources~~security ~~are~~and ~~reported~~integrity ~~exclusive~~ of ~~mineral reserves~~samples. No ·breaches ~~Mineral~~of ~~resources~~security ~~are~~of ~~not~~samples ~~mineral~~are ~~reserves~~known ~~and~~to have ~~not~~occurred ~~demonstrated~~prior ~~economic~~to ~~feasibility.~~Nexa’s ·work ~~Numbers~~on ~~may~~the ~~not sum correctly due to rounding~~project.

~~Estimates for mineral resources are based on drill results received up to 30 October 2020, with 545 holes and a total length of 136,758~~9.15 ~~meters.~~Prefeasibility ~~Stope shapes for support of economic potential were developed using the stope optimizer tool of Deswik (DSO).~~Studies

~~11.~~Nexa, ~~Mining~~either ~~Operations~~through its engineering staff or contracted independent mining engineering firms, has conducted studies to provide estimates of deposit size and grade, mining and processing recoveries, sizing of appropriate scale of operations, infrastructure design, and capital and operating cost estimates at a level of detail varying from preliminary economic assessment to prefeasibility levels.

NoOther ~~commercial~~prefeasibility ~~mining~~work ~~operations~~completed by Nexa included drilling 16 diamond core holes in 2013 to ~~recover~~evaluate ~~metals~~geotechnical ~~have~~and ~~occurred~~hydrological onparameters of the ~~project~~mineralized areas for both engineering and environmental purposes. ~~However~~ In 2016, inNexa ~~September~~completed ~~2010~~a ~~Nexa~~geochemical/metallurgical ~~initiated~~study anthat ~~underground~~more ~~tunneling~~accurately ~~program~~defined tothe ~~access~~distribution of sulfide/oxide mineralization ~~and~~based ~~completed~~on ~~its~~re-assaying ~~underground~~of ~~work~~nearly inall ~~2013~~past drill-hole samples. As This ofinformation ~~December~~was ~~31,~~critical ~~2022,~~in ~~700~~resource ~~meters~~estimation ofand ~~tunneling~~accurately ~~were~~estimating ~~completed~~metal recoveries. It was assumed that concentrates would be trucked to Nexa’s Cajamarquilla zinc smelter facility in Lima, Peru.

28Metallurgical ~~Table~~testing to evaluate metal recoveries and various processing options for mineralized material at Florida Canyon was conducted in 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2022. These tests on composited samples indicate zinc recoveries above 90% and lead recoveries above 80% were generally achieved for sulfide dominant ores. Increasingly lower recoveries of ~~Contents~~zinc and lead resulted in direct proportion to the percentage of oxides present in the ore tested. In 2022, Nexa initiated a more rigorous metallurgical testing program that mainly focused on sulfide mineralization, which is the dominant ore type (78%). This work indicated higher Zn and Pb recoveries as well as higher concentrate grades than was estimated previously. Zn recovery for sulfide mineralization was estimated at 91.7% with a concentrate grade of 56.6% and lead recovery of 88.5% with a concentrate grade of 52.1%. The impact of these more recent metallurgical testing results combined with the increase in sulfide resources reported in 2021 is expected to have a positive impact on project economics.

12Solitario and Nexa jointly funded a PEA prepared by SRK for the entire project in 2017 that incorporated a variety of Nexa-generated studies into the analysis. The ~~Planned~~PEA ~~Exploration~~evaluation included resource estimation, mining and ~~Development~~processing recovery estimates, a preliminary mining and processing plan, infrastructure layout, environmental considerations and an economic analysis based on certain base case parameters. The PEA envisioned an underground mining operation with a 2,500 tonne per day floatation mill for processing, resulting in a 12.5-year mine life. It was assumed that concentrates would be trucked to Nexa’s Cajamarquilla zinc smelter facility in Lima, Peru.

~~Nexa~~Prior ~~plans~~ to ~~conduct~~the a2022 ~~comprehensive~~S-K ~~evaluation~~1300 ofFlorida ~~all~~Canyon ~~its~~TRS ~~geologic~~filing, ~~data~~Solitario tofiled ~~develop~~on aSEDAR ~~future~~in ~~drilling~~Canada ~~program.~~a ~~Future~~technical ~~drilling~~report isentitled: ~~expected~~Amended toNI ~~test~~43-101 ~~extensions~~Technical ofReport ~~the~~on Resources, Florida Canyon ~~area~~Zinc Project, ~~but~~Amazonas ~~more~~Department, ~~importantly~~Peru; asEffective ~~many~~Date: asFebruary ~~four~~1, ~~new~~2021; ~~totally~~Report ~~un-drill~~Date: ~~tested~~April ~~prospect~~5, to2021; ~~the~~and ~~east~~Amended ~~and~~Date: ~~south.~~May 27, 2021.

~~Lik~~31 ~~Zinc~~Table ~~Project~~of ~~(Alaska)~~Contents

~~Gustavson~~10. &Reserves ~~Associates~~and completed the S-K 1300 Lik TRS which is entitled S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary Lik Zinc Project, Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska, USA: Effective Date: December 31, 2021, Report Date: March 11, 2022. Resources

~~The~~There ~~following~~are ~~summary~~no ~~descriptions~~reported ofmineral reserves at the ~~Lik~~Florida ~~Zinc~~Canyon project. Estimated ~~does~~Mineral ~~not~~Resources ~~purport~~for tothe beFlorida aCanyon ~~complete~~deposit ~~description~~are ~~and~~shown ~~is qualified~~ in ~~its~~the ~~entirety~~table bybelow ~~reference~~(for togreater ~~the~~detail, ~~full~~see ~~text of the~~ “S-K 1300 ~~Lik~~Technical ~~TRS,~~Report ~~which~~Summary isFlorida ~~Exhibit~~Canyon ~~96.2~~Zinc toProject, ~~this~~Amazonas ~~Annual~~Department, ~~Report~~Peru; onEffective ~~Form~~Date: ~~10-K~~February ~~and~~1, is2022, ~~incorporated~~Report byDate: ~~reference~~March ~~herein. There~~15, ~~has~~2021, ~~not~~which ~~been~~is ~~material~~Exhibit ~~change~~96.1 into ~~the~~this ~~mineral~~Annual ~~reserves~~Report oron ~~mineral~~Form ~~resources~~10-K. Gustavson ~~for~~& ~~the~~Associates, ~~Lik~~an ~~project~~international ~~since~~independent ~~the~~mining ~~date~~engineering offirm, completed the ~~last~~S-K ~~technical~~1300 ~~report~~Florida ~~summary~~Canyon ~~for the property~~TRS).

1. Property Description and Location

Florida Canyon Total Mineral Resources (100% basis)
Classification	Sum of Tonnes	Zn %	Ag g/t	Pb %	Fe %
Measured	806,945	11.32	15.42	1.39	2.44
Indicated	1,634,702	10.28	14.87	1.31	2.23
Measured + Indicated	2,441,647	10.62	15.05	1.33	2.3
Inferred	14,858,733	9.63	11.28	1.26	2

~~(Map~~Mineral ofresources ~~Lik~~are ~~property)~~not ~~Lik~~mineral reserves and have not been demonstrated to have economic viability.~~jpg~~ There is no certainty that the mineral resource will be converted to mineral reserves. The quantity and grade or quality is an estimate and is rounded to reflect the fact that it is an approximation. Quantities may not sum due to rounding.

~~The~~· ~~Lik~~CIM ~~property~~(2014) ~~consists~~standards for mineral resources were followed. · The effective date of 47the ~~contiguous~~Mineral ~~Alaska~~Resource ~~state~~Estimate ~~mining~~is ~~claims~~February 1st, 2021. · The ~~contiguous~~mineral ~~claims~~resources ~~have~~are ~~been~~reported ~~grouped~~using ~~together~~a cutoff of US $41.40/t NSR for ~~the~~sub-level ~~purpose~~mining ofareas, ~~working~~US ~~and~~$42.93/t ~~operating~~for ~~under~~cut aand ~~common~~fill, ~~plan~~and ofUS ~~development~~$40.61/t for ~~the~~room ~~benefit~~and ofpillar ~~all~~areas of the ~~claims~~mine. · The ~~claims~~minimum ~~cover~~mining anthickness ~~area~~was of3 ~~approximately~~m ~~6,075~~for ~~acres~~sub-levels (2in cut and fill,~~460~~ ~~ha)~~and 4 m for room and pillars method. ~~The~~· ~~claims~~Mineral resources are ~~located~~reported inexclusive ~~the~~of ~~southwestern~~mineral ~~DeLong~~reserves. ~~Mountains~~· inMineral ~~the~~resources ~~Wulik~~are ~~River~~not ~~drainage~~mineral reserves and have not demonstrated economic feasibility. · Numbers may not sum correctly due to rounding.

ToEstimates ~~retain~~for ~~the~~mineral ~~state~~resources ~~claims,~~are ~~the~~based ~~Company~~on isdrill ~~required~~results toreceived ~~make~~up ~~annual rental payments~~ to ~~the~~30 ~~State~~October ~~of Alaska. The estimated rental payments for 2022 are $9~~2020,~~000.~~ ~~Property holders are also required to perform assessment work~~ with ~~the~~545 ~~amount~~holes ~~dependent~~and ona ~~the~~total ~~area~~length of ~~the State claims~~136,758. ~~Excess~~15 ~~assessment expenditure credits may be carried forward for a maximum of four years~~meters. IfStope ~~required,~~shapes ~~payments may be made in lieu of work to allow retention of the property~~ for asupport ~~period~~ of ~~five~~economic ~~consecutive~~potential ~~years. The~~were ~~geographical~~developed ~~coordinates~~using of the ~~Lik~~stope ~~deposit~~optimizer ~~are~~tool ~~approximately 163o 12’ W and 68o 10’ N. The figure above illustrates the location~~ of ~~the~~Deswik ~~Lik property~~(DSO).

2911. ~~Table~~Mining ~~of Contents~~Operations

2No commercial mining operations to recover metals have occurred on the project. ~~Acquisition~~ However, ~~History~~in September 2010 Nexa initiated an underground tunneling program to access mineralization and ~~Joint~~completed ~~Venture~~its ~~Arrangement~~underground work in 2013. As of December 31, 2022, 700 meters of tunneling were completed.

~~Solitario acquired its 50% interest in the Lik property from the acquisition of Zazu Metals Corp (“Zazu”) on July~~ 12~~, 2017~~. As aPlanned ~~result~~Exploration of the acquisition, Zazu became a wholly owned subsidiary of Solitario. Prior to that, Zazu acquired its 50% interest in the Lik property from GCO Minerals Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of the International Paper Company (“GCO”), on June 28, 2007 by making a cash payment to GCO of $20,000,000 and ~~granting~~Development ~~GCO a 2% net proceeds interest. GCO also owns an additional 1% net profits interest in the Lik property from a 1997 agreement.~~

~~The~~Nexa ~~Company~~ is ~~participating~~continuing inits ~~the~~extensive ~~exploration~~remodeling ~~and possible development~~ of the ~~Lik~~Florida ~~property~~Canyon ~~through~~deposit ~~a joint venture with Teck. The terms of the joint venture were governed by the Lik Block Agreement, made as of January 27, 1983, between Houston Oil & Minerals Exploration Company (“HOMEX”)~~ and ~~GCO. HOMEX~~expects ~~assigned its interest in the Lik Block Agreement~~ to ~~Echo~~complete ~~Bay~~this ~~Mines Ltd., which,~~ in ~~turn, assigned such interest to Teck. The Lik Block Agreement terminated on January 27, 2018 and~~ the ~~joint~~second ~~venture~~quarter isof ~~now governed under the Joint Operating Agreement (“JOA”) that was attached to the Lik Block Agreement~~2025. ~~Since~~ ~~2018, Teck and Solitario have agreed to annual exploration funding to advance the Lik project.~~ The ~~JOA~~new ~~requires~~resource ~~unanimous~~model ~~approval~~will byguide the ~~parties~~scale ~~for~~future ~~annual~~drilling ~~expenditures in excess of $1 million~~activities. ~~Solitario~~ isSocial ~~the~~work ~~operator~~engagement ofwith the ~~joint~~local ~~venture. Solitario~~community ~~and~~will ~~Teck~~also ~~each retain a 50% interest in the Lik property~~continue.

InLik ~~July~~Zinc ~~2018,~~Project ~~the Company and Teck signed a Joint Exploration Agreement~~ (~~“JEA”~~Alaska) whereby both parties agreed to fund a surface exploration program on a 50%/50% basis for 2018. Addendums extending the JEA and providing funding for continued exploration were signed annually from 2019 to 2023. A sixth Addendum to the JEA is expected to be signed in 2024. Teck has acted as manager of the exploration programs for the past five.

~~3. Accessibility~~Gustavson & Associates completed the S-K 1300 Lik TRS which is entitled S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary Lik Zinc Project, ~~Climate~~Northwest Arctic Borough, ~~Local~~Alaska, ~~Resources~~USA: Effective Date: December 31, ~~Infrastructure~~2021, ~~and~~Report ~~Physiology~~Date: March 11, 2022.

~~Access~~The tofollowing summary descriptions of the Lik ~~property~~Zinc isproject bydoes ~~air~~not purport to be a ~~gravel~~complete ~~surfaced~~description ~~airstrip~~and ~~located~~is onqualified ~~the~~in ~~property~~its orentirety ~~helicopter.~~by ~~The~~reference ~~airstrip~~to isthe ~~capable~~full text of ~~handling~~the ~~multi~~S-~~engine~~K ~~cargo~~1300 ~~planes.~~Lik ~~Charter~~TRS, ~~flights~~which ~~may~~is beExhibit ~~arranged~~96.2 ~~from~~to athis ~~number~~Annual ofReport ~~sites~~on inForm ~~northwestern~~10-K ~~Alaska.~~and ~~The~~is ~~town~~incorporated ofby ~~Kotzebue,~~reference ~~Alaska,~~herein. There ~~which~~has isnot ~~located~~been ~~about~~material 90change ~~miles~~in ~~from~~ the ~~deposit,~~mineral isreserves aor ~~seaport~~mineral ~~with~~resources ~~commercial~~for ~~air~~the ~~service~~Lik ~~from~~project ~~Anchorage,~~since ~~Alaska. Kotzebue is~~ the ~~center~~date ~~for~~of ~~access to~~ the ~~nearby~~last ~~Red~~technical ~~Dog~~report ~~mine~~summary ~~operated~~for bythe ~~Teck~~property.

~~The~~32 ~~nearest~~Table ~~location for which climatic data is available is the town~~ of Kotzebue. The average annual temperature at Kotzebue is 21.6oF, with seasonal extremes ranging between 77oF in summer to -58oF in winter. There is an average of nine inches of rain and 47 inches of snowfall per year. Snow falls are not extreme but blowing snow may form significant drifts. Strong winds are common in most parts of Alaska. Diamond drilling is possible at the Lik property between June and October. Contents

~~The exposures of mineralization at the Lik property are located at about 800 feet above sea level~~1. Property ~~West~~Description of the deposit, the land rises steeply to peaks about 2,300 feet above sea level. To the southeast, the land slopes down to the Wulik River where the bottom of the valley is about 700 feet above sea level. There is sufficient space for tailings and waste rock disposal, and sufficient water is expected to be available for any proposed processing. Locally, there is vegetation on the property consisting of tundra grasses and low brush made up of willow, dwarf birch, and alder.Location

~~There~~(Map isof ~~a camp located on the~~ Lik property.) ~~The camp has been used periodically over the last fifteen years. The supply of electric power and workforce accommodation will have to be developed. There are no local resources adjacent to the~~ Lik ~~property~~. ~~The Red Dog mine, operated by Teck, is located about 13 miles southeast of the deposit.~~ jpg

4The Lik property consists of 47 contiguous Alaska state mining claims. ~~History~~ The contiguous claims have been grouped together for the purpose of working and operating under a common plan of development for the benefit of all of the claims. The claims cover an area of approximately 6,075 acres (2,460 ha). The claims are located in the southwestern DeLong Mountains in the Wulik River drainage.

~~The~~To ~~Red~~retain ~~Dog~~the ~~ore~~state ~~deposit~~claims, ~~was~~the ~~originally~~required ~~discovered~~annual inrental ~~1970~~payments byto athe ~~geologist~~State ~~undertaking~~of ~~mapping~~Alaska infor ~~the~~2025 Deare ~~Long~~approximately ~~Mountains~~$9,000. Property ~~area~~holders are also required to perform assessment work with the amount dependent on ~~behalf~~the area of the ~~United~~State ~~States~~claims. Excess ~~Geological~~assessment ~~Survey. GCO,~~expenditure incredits ~~joint~~may ~~venture~~be ~~with~~carried ~~New~~forward ~~Jersey~~for ~~Zinc~~a ~~Company~~maximum ~~and~~of ~~WGM~~four ~~Inc~~years. ~~(“WGM”)~~If required, ~~carried~~payments ~~out~~may ~~stream~~be ~~geochemical~~made ~~sampling~~in ~~and~~lieu ~~reconnaissance~~of ~~for~~work ~~color~~to ~~anomalies.~~allow ~~Claims~~retention ~~were~~of ~~staked~~the inproperty ~~July~~for ~~1976~~a toperiod ~~cover~~of afive ~~stream~~consecutive ~~geochemical~~years. The ~~anomaly~~geographical oncoordinates of the Lik ~~Creek.~~deposit ~~HOMEX~~are ~~replaced~~approximately ~~New~~163o ~~Jersey~~12’ ~~Zinc~~W ~~Company~~and in68o 10’ N. The figure above illustrates the ~~joint~~location ~~venture~~of inthe ~~1976/1977~~Lik property.

~~Diamond drilling on the Lik property commenced in 1977 and targeted a gossan with a coincident soil and electromagnetic anomaly~~2. Acquisition ~~The~~History ~~first hole encountered massive lead-zinc-silver-bearing sulfides. By the end of 1977, the joint venture had completed 25 line-miles of ground geophysics, a soil sampling program,~~ and ~~ten~~Joint ~~diamond~~Venture drill holes with an aggregate depth of 5,260 feet. In 1978 and 1979, further geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys were carried out, together with the drilling of another 93 diamond drill holes aggregating 51,200 feet. A mineral resource was estimated. The joint venture continued to work in the district in the period 1980 to 1983. However, only limited diamond drilling activity continued on the Lik property. The Lik Block Agreement was signed in 1984.Arrangement

InSolitario ~~1984,~~acquired ~~Noranda~~its ~~optioned~~50% ~~the~~interest ~~GCO~~in ~~holding of~~ the Lik property~~. Much~~ offrom ~~Noranda’s~~the ~~activity~~acquisition ~~was~~of ~~concentrated~~Zazu inMetals ~~the~~Corp ~~Lik~~(“Zazu”) ~~North~~on ~~Area~~July ~~where~~12, ~~ten~~2017. As ~~diamond~~a ~~drill~~result ~~holes~~of ~~with~~the anacquisition, ~~aggregate~~Zazu ~~depth~~became ofa ~~13,710~~wholly ~~feet~~owned ~~were~~subsidiary ~~completed~~of onSolitario. Prior ~~four~~to ~~sections.~~that, ~~Noranda~~Zazu ~~also~~acquired ~~drilled~~its ~~holes~~50% interest in the Lik ~~South~~property ~~deposit~~from toGCO ~~better~~Minerals ~~define~~Company, ~~the~~a ~~deposit. Noranda~~wholly ~~released~~owned ~~its~~subsidiary ~~interest~~of in the ~~Lik~~International ~~property~~Paper ~~after~~Company a(“GCO”), ~~re-organization~~on ofJune ~~its~~28, ~~holdings~~2007 inby ~~the~~making ~~United~~a ~~States. From~~cash ~~1985~~payment ~~through~~to ~~June~~GCO of ~~2007~~$20,000,000 ~~when~~and ~~Zazu~~granting ~~acquired~~GCO ~~its~~a ~~interest~~2% innet ~~the~~proceeds ~~Lik~~interest. ~~property,~~GCO ~~only~~also aowns ~~limited~~an ~~amount~~additional of1% ~~work~~net ~~was~~profits ~~conducted~~interest atin the Lik property from a 1997 agreement.

30The ~~Table~~Company is participating in the exploration and possible development of ~~Contents~~the Lik property through a joint venture with Teck. The terms of the joint venture were governed by the Lik Block Agreement, made as of January 27, 1983, between Houston Oil & Minerals Exploration Company (“HOMEX”) and GCO. HOMEX assigned its interest in the Lik Block Agreement to Echo Bay Mines Ltd., which, in turn, assigned such interest to Teck. The Lik Block Agreement terminated on January 27, 2018 and the joint venture is now governed under the Joint Operating Agreement (“JOA”) that was attached to the Lik Block Agreement. Since 2018, Teck and Solitario have agreed to annual exploration funding to advance the Lik project. The JOA requires unanimous approval by the parties for annual expenditures in excess of $1 million. Solitario is the operator of the joint venture. Solitario and Teck each retain a 50% interest in the Lik property.

~~Zazu~~In ~~completed~~July ~~diamond~~2018, ~~drilling~~the ~~programs~~Company ~~during~~and ~~the~~Teck ~~2007,~~signed ~~2008~~a ~~and~~Joint ~~2011~~Exploration ~~summer~~Agreement ~~field~~(“JEA”) ~~seasons. From~~whereby ~~2009~~both ~~through~~parties ~~2014,~~agreed ~~Zazu~~to ~~conducted~~fund a ~~suite~~surface ofexploration ~~economic,~~program ~~engineering,~~on ~~environmental~~a ~~and~~50%/50% ~~metallurgical~~basis ~~studies~~for on2018. Addendums extending the ~~Lik~~JEA ~~property,~~and ~~culminating~~providing ~~with~~funding for continued exploration were signed annually from 2019 to 2023. A sixth Addendum to the ~~completion~~JEA ofis aexpected ~~PEA~~to be signed in ~~2014~~2025. Teck has acted as manager of the exploration programs for the past five.

5.33 ~~Geological~~Table ~~Setting~~of Contents

~~The regional geology of the Western Brooks Range area is structurally complex~~3. ~~The sedimentary rocks of the area have been significantly disrupted by thrust sheets. The Lik property and the other zinc-lead deposits of the Brooks Range~~ Accessibility, ~~including Red Dog~~Climate, ~~are~~Local ~~hosted in the Kuna Formation of the Lisburne Group. In the Western Brooks Range~~Resources, ~~the~~Infrastructure ~~Lisburne Group includes both deep~~ and ~~shallow water sedimentary facies and local volcanic rocks. The deep-water facies of the Lisburne Group, the Kuna Formation, are exposed chiefly in the Endicott Mountains.~~Physiology

OnAccess ato ~~district scale,~~ the Lik property is ~~hosted~~by inair ~~the~~to ~~Red~~a ~~Dog~~gravel ~~plate~~surfaced ofairstrip ~~the~~located ~~Endicott~~on ~~Mountains~~the ~~thrust~~property ~~sheet~~or helicopter. The ~~stratigraphically~~airstrip ~~lowest~~is ~~rocks~~capable ~~within~~of ~~the~~handling ~~Red~~multi-engine ~~Dog~~cargo ~~plate~~planes. ~~belong~~Charter toflights ~~the~~may ~~Kayak~~be ~~Shale.~~arranged ~~The~~from ~~top~~a number of ~~the~~sites ~~Kayak~~in ~~Shale~~northwestern isAlaska. ~~interbedded~~The ~~with~~town ~~rocks~~ of ~~the~~Kotzebue, ~~Kuna~~Alaska, ~~Formation. The~~which ~~Ikalukrok~~is ~~Unit~~located ~~has~~about ~~been~~90 ~~divided~~miles ~~into~~from athe ~~lower~~deposit, ~~laminated~~is ~~black~~a ~~shale~~seaport ~~sub-unit~~with ~~and~~commercial anair ~~upper~~service ~~medium-~~from toAnchorage, ~~thick-bedded black chert sub-unit~~Alaska. ~~The~~Kotzebue ~~Ikalukrok~~is ~~Unit~~the ~~hosts~~center ~~all~~for ofaccess to the ~~known~~nearby ~~massive~~Red ~~sulfide~~Dog ~~deposits~~mine inoperated ~~the~~by ~~area~~Teck.

~~Locally,~~The ~~the~~nearest ~~Lik~~location ~~property~~for iswhich ~~hosted~~climatic indata ~~the~~is ~~upper~~available ~~part~~is of the ~~Ikalukrok~~town ~~Unit~~ of ~~the Kuna Formation~~Kotzebue. The ~~host~~average ~~rocks~~annual ~~are~~temperature ~~carbonaceous~~at ~~and~~Kotzebue ~~siliceous~~is ~~black shale~~21.6oF, with ~~subordinate~~seasonal ~~black~~extremes ~~chert~~ranging ~~and~~between ~~fine~~77oF in summer to -~~grained~~58oF ~~limestone~~in winter. ~~These~~There ~~rocks~~is ~~strike~~an ~~broadly~~average ~~north-south~~of ~~and~~nine ~~dip~~inches atof ~~about~~rain ~~25o~~and to47 ~~40o~~inches toof ~~the~~snowfall ~~west~~per year. ~~The~~Snow ~~massive~~falls ~~sulfides~~ are ~~overlain~~not ~~conformably~~extreme bybut ~~rocks~~blowing ofsnow ~~the~~may ~~Siksikpuk~~form ~~Formation~~significant drifts. ~~The~~Strong ~~sequence~~winds isare ~~overridden~~common byin ~~allochthonous~~most ~~rocks~~parts ~~that~~of ~~form~~Alaska. Diamond ~~high~~drilling ~~hills~~is ~~north~~possible ~~and~~at ~~west~~the ofLik ~~the~~property ~~deposits~~between June and October.

The ~~mineralized~~exposures ~~sequence~~of ismineralization ~~cut~~at bythe aLik ~~number~~property ofare ~~faults.~~located ~~The~~at ~~most~~about ~~significant~~800 ~~disruption~~feet isabove ~~the~~sea ~~Main~~level. ~~Break~~West ~~Fault,~~of ~~which~~the ~~drops~~deposit, the ~~northern~~land ~~end~~rises ofsteeply ~~the~~to ~~Lik~~peaks ~~deposit down~~ about ~~500~~2,300 feet above sea level. ItTo isthe ~~unclear~~southeast, ~~whether~~the ~~there~~land isslopes adown ~~change~~to inthe ~~strike~~Wulik ~~north~~River ofwhere the ~~fault,~~bottom orof ~~whether~~ the ~~change~~valley is ~~more~~about ~~apparent~~700 ~~due~~feet toabove ~~topography~~sea level. ~~The~~There ~~Main~~is ~~Break~~sufficient ~~Fault~~space ~~strikes~~for ~~east-west~~tailings and ~~dips~~waste ~~north~~rock atdisposal, ~~about~~and ~~60o.~~sufficient ~~There~~water is ~~another~~expected ~~group~~to ofbe ~~steeper~~available ~~faults~~for ~~that~~any ~~tend~~proposed toprocessing. Locally, ~~strike~~there ~~northerly~~is orvegetation ~~northwesterly~~on ~~and~~the ~~which~~property ~~are~~consisting ~~interpreted~~of astundra ~~being~~grasses ~~both normal~~ and ~~reverse~~low ~~with~~brush ~~throws~~made up of upwillow, todwarf ~~330~~birch, ~~feet~~and alder.

~~Low~~There ~~angle~~is ~~thrust~~a ~~faults~~camp ~~also~~located ~~cut~~on the ~~rocks~~Lik atproperty. ~~Lik~~The ~~and~~camp ~~regionally~~has been used periodically over the last fifteen years. ~~These~~ ~~faults~~The ~~are~~supply ~~known~~of toelectric ~~cut~~power and ~~displace~~workforce ~~massive~~accommodation ~~sulfide~~will ~~mineralization~~have atto be developed. There are no local resources adjacent to the Lik property. The Red Dog ~~deposits~~mine, ~~and~~operated ~~others~~by inTeck, is located about 13 miles southeast of the ~~district~~deposit.

64. ~~Prior Exploration and Recent Work~~ History

The ~~Lik~~Red Dog ore deposit was originally discovered in 1970 by ~~GCO~~a geologist undertaking mapping in the ~~mid-1970’s~~De byLong ~~following~~Mountains uparea on ~~soil~~behalf ~~color~~of ~~and~~the ~~stream~~United ~~geochemical~~States ~~anomalies~~Geological Survey. ~~From~~ GCO, ~~the~~in ~~late~~joint ~~1970’s~~venture towith ~~2011,~~New ~~various~~Jersey ~~geochemical,~~Zinc ~~geophysical,~~Company and ~~geologic~~WGM ~~activities~~Inc. ~~were~~(“WGM”), ~~intermittently~~carried ~~conducted~~out tostream ~~define~~geochemical ~~drill~~sampling ~~targets.~~and ~~The~~reconnaissance ~~Lik~~for ~~property~~color ~~was~~anomalies. ~~drill~~Claims ~~tested~~were ~~from~~staked ~~the~~in ~~late-1970’s~~July 1976 to ~~2011~~cover bya ~~seven~~stream ~~different~~geochemical ~~companies. Details~~anomaly ofon ~~these~~Lik ~~historical~~Creek. ~~drilling~~HOMEX ~~campaigns~~replaced ~~are~~New ~~discussed~~Jersey ~~above~~Zinc ~~under~~Company in the ~~heading~~joint ~~“History”~~venture ~~and~~in ~~below under the heading “Drilling~~1976/1977.”

~~Teck,~~Diamond drilling on ~~behalf~~the ofLik ~~the~~property ~~Teck-Solitario~~commenced ~~joint~~in ~~venture,~~1977 ~~has~~and ~~conducted~~targeted ~~soil~~a ~~and~~gossan ~~rock~~with ~~sampling~~a ~~surveys,~~coincident ~~geologic~~soil ~~mapping,~~and ~~Induced~~electromagnetic ~~Polarization~~anomaly. ~~(“IP”),~~The ~~ground~~first ~~gravity~~hole ~~and~~encountered ~~airborne~~massive lead-~~ZTEM~~zinc-silver-bearing ~~geophysical~~sulfides. ~~surveys,~~By ~~and~~the ~~relogging~~end of ~~old~~1977, ~~core~~the ~~from~~joint ~~2018~~venture ~~through~~had ~~2023. The~~completed ~~majority~~25 line-miles of ~~this~~ground ~~work~~geophysics, ~~was~~a ~~conducted~~soil ~~northeast~~sampling program, and ~~west~~ten ofdiamond ~~the~~drill ~~Lik~~holes ~~deposit~~with ~~exploring~~an ~~for~~aggregate ~~indications~~depth of ~~potential~~5,260 ~~new~~feet. In ~~zinc~~1978 ~~deposits~~and on1979, ~~trend~~further ~~with~~geological, ~~the~~geochemical ~~Lik~~and ~~deposit~~geophysical insurveys ~~favorable~~were ~~stratigraphy. A~~carried ~~total~~out, oftogether ~~381~~with ~~soil~~the ~~samples~~drilling ~~were~~of ~~collected. The~~another IP93 diamond ~~geophysical~~drill ~~survey~~holes ~~consisted~~aggregating of51,200 ~~six~~feet. ~~survey~~A ~~lines~~mineral ~~totaling~~resource ~~eight~~was ~~kilometers~~estimated. The ~~results~~joint ofventure ~~the~~continued IPto ~~survey~~work ~~suggested~~in ~~that~~ the ~~rock~~district ~~formation~~in ~~that hosts~~ the ~~Lik~~period ~~deposit~~1980 ~~may~~to ~~flatten~~1983. ~~out~~However, toonly ~~the~~limited ~~west~~diamond ~~and~~drilling beactivity atcontinued ~~drillable~~on ~~depths,~~the ~~opening~~Lik upproperty. aThe ~~whole~~Lik ~~new~~Block ~~area~~Agreement ~~for~~was ~~potential~~signed ~~drill~~in ~~testing~~1984.

~~Teck~~In ~~completed~~1984, aNoranda ~~three-hole,~~optioned ~~737-meter~~the ~~(2,415~~GCO ~~feet)~~holding ~~drilling~~of ~~program~~the inLik ~~2022~~property. Much ~~This~~of ~~was~~Noranda’s ~~the~~activity ~~first~~was ~~drilling~~concentrated ~~program~~in ~~conducted~~the ~~since 2011. Drill hole~~ Lik~~-231~~ ~~intersected~~North ~~3.5~~Area ~~meters~~where ~~(11.5~~ten ~~feet)~~diamond ~~grading~~drill 9%holes ~~zinc~~with ~~and~~an 3%aggregate ~~lead. Holes~~depth ~~Lik-230~~of ~~and~~13,710 ~~232~~feet ~~did~~were ~~not~~completed ~~intersect~~on ~~significant~~four ~~mineralization~~sections. In ~~addition~~Noranda toalso ~~the~~drilled ~~drilling,~~holes ~~Teck~~in ~~also~~the ~~conducted~~Lik ~~traverse~~South ~~geologic~~deposit ~~mapping~~ to ~~the~~better ~~northwest~~define of the ~~Lik~~ deposit. Noranda ~~and~~released aits ~~ground~~interest ~~gravity~~in ~~geophysics~~the ~~with~~Lik ~~survey~~property ~~data~~after ~~points~~a ~~at 400~~re-~~meter~~organization ~~(1,300-foot)~~of ~~centers. The~~its ~~geophysical~~holdings ~~survey~~in ~~was~~the ~~also~~United ~~conducted~~States. From to1985 ~~the~~through ~~northwest~~June of ~~the~~2007, ~~Lik~~when ~~deposit~~Zazu ~~and~~acquired ~~was~~its ~~successful~~interest in ~~defining~~the Lik property, only a ~~low-amplitude~~limited ~~gravity~~amount ~~anomaly~~of ~~that~~work ~~requires~~was ~~further~~conducted ~~follow-up~~at ~~work~~Lik.

InZazu ~~December~~completed ~~2022,~~diamond ~~Teck submitted a~~ drilling ~~permit~~programs ~~application~~during to the ~~Alaska Department of Natural Resources for 70 core holes~~2007, ~~including~~2008 ~~water~~and ~~sources~~2011 ~~for~~summer ~~drilling~~field seasons. ~~Drill~~ From ~~hole~~2009 ~~location~~through ~~includes~~2014, ~~step-out~~Zazu ~~drilling~~conducted ~~surrounding~~a ~~the~~suite ~~currently~~of ~~defined~~economic, ~~deposit~~engineering, asenvironmental ~~well as location along strike to the northeast~~ and ~~theoretical~~metallurgical ~~targets~~studies ~~more~~on ~~distant to~~ the ~~deposit. This~~Lik ~~robust~~property, ~~permitting~~culminating ~~submission~~with ~~that allows for significant flexibility in~~ the ~~choice~~completion of ~~drill~~a ~~sites~~PEA ~~for the next five years was approved~~ in ~~2023~~2014. ~~Teck also completed one drill hole in 2023. This hole did not intersect significant mineralization.~~

315. ~~Table~~Geological ~~of Contents~~Setting

7The regional geology of the Western Brooks Range area is structurally complex. ~~Mineralization~~The sedimentary rocks of the area have been significantly disrupted by thrust sheets. The Lik property and the other zinc-lead deposits of the Brooks Range, including Red Dog, are hosted in the Kuna Formation of the Lisburne Group. In the Western Brooks Range, the Lisburne Group includes both deep and shallow water sedimentary facies and local volcanic rocks. The deep-water facies of the Lisburne Group, the Kuna Formation, are exposed chiefly in the Endicott Mountains.

~~The~~On ~~Lik~~a ~~deposit~~district isscale, athe ~~black~~Lik ~~shale-hosted~~property ~~stratiform~~is ~~zinc-lead-silver~~hosted ~~sedimentary-exhalative~~in ~~(SEDEX)~~the ~~deposit.~~Red ~~Mineralization~~Dog isplate ~~syngenetic~~of ~~with~~the ~~respect~~Endicott toMountains ~~sediment~~thrust ~~deposition~~sheet. ~~Silicification~~The ~~occurs~~stratigraphically ~~within~~lowest ~~and~~rocks ~~peripheral~~within to the ~~main~~Red ~~mass~~Dog ofplate ~~sulfides. Major~~belong ~~sulfides~~to inthe ~~decreasing~~Kayak ~~order of abundance are pyrite-marcasite, sphalerite and galena~~Shale. The ~~ore~~top ~~textures~~of ~~are~~the ~~massive,~~Kayak ~~fragmental,~~Shale ~~chaotic,~~is ~~and~~interbedded ~~veined;~~with ~~they~~rocks ~~rarely~~of ~~show~~the ~~typical~~Kuna ~~sedimentary layering~~Formation. The ~~portion~~Ikalukrok ofUnit ~~the~~has ~~ore~~been ~~body~~divided ~~near~~into ~~the~~a ~~surface~~lower islaminated ~~oxidized. The~~black ~~deposit~~shale issub-unit ~~continuous~~and ~~outside~~an ~~the~~upper ~~Lik~~medium- ~~property~~to ~~onto the adjacent 100%~~thick-~~owned~~bedded ~~Teck~~black ~~property~~chert ~~to the south~~sub-unit. The ~~southern~~Ikalukrok ~~continuation~~Unit hosts all of the ~~Lik~~known ~~deposit~~massive issulfide ~~referred~~deposits toin as the ~~Su deposit, lying on Teck’s Su property~~area.

~~Within~~34 ~~the~~Table ~~Lik property, the deposit is divided into two parts by the Main Break Fault. The main part~~ of the deposit within the existing claims is referred to as the Lik South deposit. As presently tested, the Lik South deposit has a surface footprint of about 3,600 feet long and about 2,000 feet wide. It has been tested down dip to a depth of about 650 feet. The Lik South deposit remains open down dip. North of the Main Break Fault, the Lik North deposit has a surface footprint of about 2,300 feet long and about 1,150 feet wide. It has been tested down dip to a depth of about 1,000 feet. The Lik North deposit remains strongly open down dip and to the north.Contents

~~The~~Locally, ~~deposits~~the ~~strike~~Lik ~~northerly~~property ~~and~~is ~~dip~~hosted ~~westerly~~in atthe ~~about~~upper ~~25o~~part toof ~~40o.~~the ~~The~~Ikalukrok ~~mineralization~~Unit ~~comprises~~of ~~irregular,~~the ~~stratiform~~Kuna ~~lenses~~Formation. The ~~mineralogy~~host ofrocks ~~the~~are ~~sulfides~~carbonaceous ~~is simple~~ and ~~comprises~~siliceous ~~pyrite,~~black ~~marcasite~~shale, ~~sphalerite,~~with subordinate black chert and ~~galena~~fine-grained limestone. ~~Gangue~~These ~~minerals~~rocks ~~include~~strike ~~quartz~~broadly ~~(as~~north-south ~~chert),~~and ~~clay~~dip ~~minerals,~~at ~~carbonate~~about ~~and~~25o ~~barite.~~to ~~Noranda~~40o ~~recognized~~to ~~six~~the ~~different~~west. ~~ore~~The ~~types~~massive insulfides ~~its~~are ~~logging~~overlain conformably by rocks of ~~drill~~the ~~core~~Siksikpuk Formation. ~~Typical~~The ~~grades~~sequence ofis ~~mineralized~~overridden ~~intersections~~by ~~within~~allochthonous ~~the~~rocks ~~Lik~~that ~~deposit~~form ~~are~~high ~~listed~~hills innorth ~~the~~and ~~table~~west ~~below:~~of the deposits.

~~Typical~~The ~~Mineralized~~mineralized ~~Intersections~~sequence is cut by a number of faults. The most significant disruption is the Main Break Fault, which drops the northern end of the Lik deposit down about 500 feet. It is unclear whether there is a change in strike north of the fault, or whether the change is more apparent due to topography. The Main Break Fault strikes east-west and dips north at about 60o. There is another group of steeper faults that tend to strike northerly or northwesterly and which are interpreted as being both normal and reverse with throws of up to 330 feet.

Hole No.	From (m)	To (m)	Length (m)	Zn (%)	Pb (%)	Ag (g/t)
5	54.56	78.79	24.23	19.72	6.27	126.5
16	80.16	94.49	14.33	21.67	7.01	230.4
21	129.54	135.33	5.79	7.07	1.88	8.6
24	40.87	50.14	9.27	11.09	1.44	51.1
38	45.90	63.76	17.86	8.13	1.80	48.0
38	70.53	87.75	17.22	8.92	2.08	28.8
43	35.66	40.69	5.03	17.66	3.62	8.6
43	60.96	80.28	19.32	9.07	2.49	47.7
43	84.73	91.04	6.31	21.07	5.95	111.4
68	32.31	53.43	21.12	13.34	2.85	56.9

Low angle thrust faults also cut the rocks at Lik and regionally. These faults are known to cut and displace massive sulfide mineralization at the Red Dog deposits and others in the district.

~~Previous work by GCO determined that sulfides were deposited in four distinct cycles~~6. ~~Individual~~ ~~cycles~~Prior ~~may~~Exploration ~~be quite thin near the margins of the deposit~~ and ~~the~~Recent thickest accumulation in a single cycle noted to date is about 45 feet thick. The base of a sulfide cycle begins abruptly with the deposition of sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Typically, the highest grades are found at or within 5-10 feet of the base of a sulfide cycle. In the central portion of the deposit several cycles are stacked and comprise a cumulative thickness of up to 100 feet of mineralization.Work

8The Lik deposit was discovered by GCO in the mid-1970’s by following up on soil color and stream geochemical anomalies. From the late 1970’s to 2011, various geochemical, geophysical, and geologic activities were intermittently conducted to define drill targets. The Lik property was drill tested from the late-1970’s to 2011 by seven different companies. Details of these historical drilling campaigns are discussed above under the heading “History” and below under the heading “Drilling.”

~~All~~Teck, ~~diamond~~on ~~drill~~behalf ~~programs~~of ~~are~~the ~~summarized~~Teck-Solitario joint venture, has conducted soil and rock sampling surveys, geologic mapping, Induced Polarization (“IP”), ground gravity and airborne-ZTEM geophysical surveys, and relogging of old core from 2018 through 2023. The majority of this work was conducted northeast and west of the Lik deposit exploring for indications of potential new zinc deposits on trend with the Lik deposit in favorable stratigraphy. A total of 381 soil samples were collected. The IP geophysical survey consisted of six survey lines totaling eight kilometers. The results of the ~~following~~IP ~~table~~survey suggested that the rock formation that hosts the Lik deposit may flatten out to the west and be at drillable depths, opening up a whole new area for potential drill testing.

32Teck ~~Table~~completed a three-hole, 737-meter (2,415 feet) drilling program in 2022. This was the first drilling program conducted since 2011. Drill hole Lik-231 intersected 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) grading 9% zinc and 3% lead. Holes Lik-230 and 232 did not intersect significant mineralization. In addition to the drilling, Teck also conducted traverse geologic mapping to the northwest of ~~Contents~~the Lik deposit and a ground gravity geophysics with survey data points at 400-meter (1,300-foot) centers. The geophysical survey was also conducted to the northwest of the Lik deposit and was successful in defining a low-amplitude gravity anomaly that requires further follow-up work.

Historical Diamond Drilling Campaigns
Year	Numberof Holes	AggregateDepth (m)	Company
1977	10	1,603.3	Managed by WGM
1978	79	10,680.2	Managed by WGM
1979	14	4,931.1	Managed by GCO
1980	3	202.1	Managed by GCO
1983	1	835.2	Managed by GCO
1984	6	1,643.5	Managed by GCO
1985	16	4,883.1	Managed by Noranda
1987	1	696.5	Managed by GCO
1990	3	263.4	Managed by Moneta
1992	2	283.5	Managed by GCO
2007	11	1,393.5	Managed by Zazu
2008	58	6,827.5	Managed by Zazu
2011	25	3,871.0	Managed by Zazu
2022	3	2130.0	Managed by Teck
2023	1	971.0	Managed by Teck
Totals	233	41,215.0

In December 2022, Teck submitted a drilling permit application to the Alaska Department of Natural Resources for 70 core holes, including water sources for drilling. Drill hole location includes step-out drilling surrounding the currently defined deposit as well as location along strike to the northeast and theoretical targets more distant to the deposit. This robust permitting submission that allows for significant flexibility in the choice of drill sites for the next five years was approved in 2023. Teck also completed one drill hole in 2023. This hole did not intersect significant mineralization. In 2024, Teck completed its ZTEM inversion process from the airborne geophysical program it completed in 2024. Teck also worked on a 3D geologic model and previously completed ground gravity geophysical survey. Teck believes there is potential for additional drill targets, based on ZTEM inversion modelling, geologic mapping, and ground gravity.

~~Zazu~~35 ~~completed~~Table ~~two diamond drilling programs during 2007 and 2008 to further test the Lik South deposit and to obtain samples for metallurgical testing. At the end~~ of ~~2008, most of the Lik South deposit had been tested on lines spaced at 200 ft. with holes spaced at about 100 ft.~~Contents

~~The~~2023 ~~2011~~ZTEM ~~drilling~~In-Phase ~~program~~TPR at360 ~~Lik~~Hz combined exploration and development drilling. The exploration drilling focused on improving resource definition, in particular near the transition zone between Lik South and Lik North and also Lik North. The development drilling focused on obtaining additional metallurgical samples and geotechnical drilling for the open pit design and foundation information to assist in infrastructure design. By the end of 2011, a total of approximately 38,328 meters (~~125,700~~2024 ~~feet~~Interpretation) ~~of drilling in 229 holes had been completed on the Lik property by the Company (Zazu) and the previous owners.~~

97. ~~Sampling,~~Mineralization ~~Analysis and Security of Samples~~

~~Pre~~The Lik deposit is a black shale-~~Zazu~~hosted ~~Drilling~~ stratiform zinc-lead-silver sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) deposit. Mineralization is syngenetic with respect to sediment deposition. Silicification occurs within and peripheral to the main mass of sulfides. Major sulfides in decreasing order of abundance are pyrite-marcasite, sphalerite and galena. The ore textures are massive, fragmental, chaotic, and veined; they rarely show typical sedimentary layering. The portion of the ore body near the surface is oxidized. The deposit is continuous outside the Lik property onto the adjacent 100%-owned Teck property to the south. The southern continuation of the Lik deposit is referred to as the Su deposit, lying on Teck’s Su property.

~~Core~~Within ~~recoveries~~the ~~were~~Lik ~~typically~~property, ~~high~~the ~~within~~deposit ~~the~~is ~~massive~~divided ~~sulfides,~~into ~~but~~two ~~lower,~~parts ~~more~~by ~~variable~~the ~~recoveries~~Main ~~were~~Break ~~obtained~~Fault. inThe main part of the ~~unmineralized~~deposit ~~and~~within ~~weakly~~the ~~mineralized~~existing ~~sections. The~~claims ~~entire~~is ~~core~~referred ~~obtained~~to ~~from~~as the Lik South deposit,. ~~usually~~As ~~NQ-size~~presently tested, ~~was~~the ~~logged~~Lik onSouth ~~site. All~~deposit has a surface footprint of ~~the~~about ~~core~~3,600 ~~containing~~feet ~~sulfide~~long ~~mineralization~~and ~~was~~about ~~cut~~2,000 ~~using~~feet ~~diamond~~wide. It ~~saws~~has ~~and~~been ~~half~~tested ofdown ~~the~~dip ~~core~~to ~~was~~a ~~sent~~depth ~~for~~of ~~assay~~about 650 feet. The ~~Reference~~Lik ~~samples~~South ~~were~~deposit ~~not~~remains ~~included~~open indown dip. North of the ~~sample~~Main ~~stream.~~Break ~~Sample~~Fault, ~~lengths~~the inLik ~~massive~~North ~~sulfides~~deposit ~~were~~has ~~typically~~a ~~from~~surface ~~two~~footprint toof ~~three~~about ~~feet~~2,300 ~~but~~feet ~~occasionally~~long upand toabout ~~nine~~1,150 feet wide. It ~~Sample~~has ~~lengths~~been ~~were~~tested ~~controlled~~down bydip ~~geology~~to ~~and~~a ~~the~~depth ~~location~~ of ~~depth~~about ~~markers~~1,000 infeet. The ~~the~~Lik ~~core~~North ~~boxes.~~deposit remains strongly open down dip and to the north.

~~Most~~The ofdeposits ~~the~~strike ~~samples~~northerly ~~were~~and ~~assayed~~dip bywesterly ~~Bondar~~at ~~Clegg~~about ~~Laboratory~~25o ~~Group~~to ~~(“Bondar~~40o. ~~Clegg”)~~The ofmineralization ~~Vancouver~~comprises ~~British~~irregular, ~~Columbia~~stratiform lenses. AtThe ~~various~~mineralogy ~~times,~~of the ~~laboratory-maintained~~sulfides ~~preparation~~is ~~facilities~~simple ~~in Anchorage~~ and ~~Fairbanks~~comprises ~~Alaska.~~pyrite, Inmarcasite, ~~the initial years~~sphalerite, ~~when~~and ~~the~~galena. ~~bulk~~Gangue ofminerals ~~the~~include ~~drilling~~quartz ~~was~~(as ~~completed~~chert), itclay isminerals, ~~believed~~carbonate ~~that~~and ~~sample~~barite. ~~preparation~~Noranda ~~and~~recognized ~~analysis~~six ~~were~~different ~~carried~~ore ~~out~~types in ~~Vancouver.~~its ~~Bondar~~logging ~~Clegg~~of ~~was~~drill ~~not a registered laboratory at that time~~core. ~~However,~~Typical ~~Bondar~~grades ~~Clegg~~of ~~was~~mineralized aintersections ~~recognized,~~within ~~reputable~~the ~~laboratory~~Lik ~~and~~deposit ~~was~~are ~~experienced~~listed in the ~~use~~table ~~of atomic absorption spectrophotometry.~~below:

As the entire core was logged and sampled in an isolated field camp, security was not a major concern because access to the camp was closely controlled. It is noted that four different companies (WGM, GCO, Noranda and Moneta Gold Inc.) have completed drilling programs at the Lik property and all of them have obtained consistent results. The work was considered completed to industry standards in use at the time of the work. Sample preparation was completed in the assay laboratory.

Typical Mineralized Intersections
Hole No.	From (m)	To (m)	Length (m)	Zn (%)	Pb (%)	Ag (g/t)
5	54.56	78.79	24.23	19.72	6.27	126.5
16	80.16	94.49	14.33	21.67	7.01	230.4
21	129.54	135.33	5.79	7.07	1.88	8.6
24	40.87	50.14	9.27	11.09	1.44	51.1
38	45.90	63.76	17.86	8.13	1.80	48.0
38	70.53	87.75	17.22	8.92	2.08	28.8
43	35.66	40.69	5.03	17.66	3.62	8.6
43	60.96	80.28	19.32	9.07	2.49	47.7
43	84.73	91.04	6.31	21.07	5.95	111.4
68	32.31	53.43	21.12	13.34	2.85	56.9

33Previous ~~Table~~work by GCO determined that sulfides were deposited in four distinct cycles. Individual cycles may be quite thin near the margins of ~~Contents~~the deposit and the thickest accumulation in a single cycle noted to date is about 45 feet thick. The base of a sulfide cycle begins abruptly with the deposition of sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Typically, the highest grades are found at or within 5-10 feet of the base of a sulfide cycle. In the central portion of the deposit several cycles are stacked and comprise a cumulative thickness of up to 100 feet of mineralization.

~~Zazu~~36 ~~Drilling~~Table of Contents

~~Drill core obtained during the 2007, 2008 and 2011 drilling campaigns was logged on site~~8. The entire core containing sulfide mineralization was sawn using diamond saws and half of the core was sent for assay. All massive and high-sulfide cores were sampled. Visual methods were used to select sample boundaries and lengths. The mineralization at Lik is considered to be appropriately logged and sampled. It is not evident that logging or sampling is leading to any bias in the sample results. An examination of logging showed that core recovery in sulfide areas was generally very high.Drilling

~~Core~~All drilled in 2007 was placed in the sample bags, the air was evacuated and replaced with nitrogen. The samples were sent to Kotzebue by charter and then by licensed carrier to Anchorage. The samples were stored under refrigeration in Anchorage. The samples were dispatched to G & T Metallurgical Services Ltd. (“G & T”) of Kamloops, British Columbia, an ISO 9001:2000 certified laboratory for precious metals and base metals. As well as completing metallurgical testing, G & T crushed and analyzed the samples. The 2008 diamond drill ~~core~~programs ~~was~~are ~~not~~summarized ~~required for metallurgical testing and core was handled normally. Sawn samples were securely bagged and boxed on site and dispatched to a facility of ALS Laboratory Group (“ALS Chemex”) located~~ in ~~Fairbanks, Alaska, for sample preparation. Transportation of~~ the ~~samples~~following ~~was through third-party companies that provided secure transportation services~~table. The pulps were analyzed at ALS Chemex located in Fairbanks or Elko, Nevada. Zazu did not participate in any part of the sample preparation or analysis except for cutting core and selecting sample intervals.

Check samples from the 2007 drilling program and all samples from the 2008 drilling campaign were sent to the preparation and assaying facilities of ALS Chemex (ISO 17025 accreditation). Other QA/QC procedures employed by Zazu included the use of blanks (unmineralized core from outside of the mineralized zone) and quartered core duplicates. Zazu was unable to obtain acceptable reference samples for the 2007 field season and reference samples were not included as part of the 2007 ongoing QA/QC program. Reproducibility between G & T and ALS Chemex was found to be good.

Historical Diamond Drilling Campaigns
Year	Number of Holes	Aggregate Depth (m)	Company
1977	10	1,603.3	Managed by WGM
1978	79	10,680.2	Managed by WGM
1979	14	4,931.1	Managed by GCO
1980	3	202.1	Managed by GCO
1983	1	835.2	Managed by GCO
1984	6	1,643.5	Managed by GCO
1985	16	4,883.1	Managed by Noranda
1987	1	696.5	Managed by GCO
1990	3	263.4	Managed by Moneta
1992	2	283.5	Managed by GCO
2007	11	1,393.5	Managed by Zazu
2008	58	6,827.5	Managed by Zazu
2011	25	3,871.0	Managed by Zazu
2022	3	2130.0	Managed by Teck
2023	1	971.0	Managed by Teck
Totals	233	41,215.0

Zazu completed two diamond drilling programs during 2007 and 2008 to further test the Lik South deposit and to obtain samples for metallurgical testing. At the end of 2008, most of the Lik South deposit had been tested on lines spaced at 200 ft. with holes spaced at about 100 ft.

10The 2011 drilling program at Lik combined exploration and development drilling. The ~~Prefeasibility~~exploration ~~Studies~~drilling focused on improving resource definition, in particular near the transition zone between Lik South and Lik North and also Lik North. The development drilling focused on obtaining additional metallurgical samples and geotechnical drilling for the open pit design and foundation information to assist in infrastructure design. By the end of 2011, a total of approximately 38,328 meters (125,700 feet) of drilling in 229 holes had been completed on the Lik property by the Company (Zazu) and the previous owners.

~~Zazu completed a PEA in 2014 that incorporated a variety of prefeasibility level studies into the analysis~~9. ~~These~~ ~~studies included resource estimation~~Sampling, ~~mining~~Analysis and ~~processing~~Security recovery estimates, a preliminary mining and processing plan, infrastructure layout, environmental considerations and an economic analysis based on the base case parameters. The PEA envisioned an open pit mining operation with a 5,500 ton per day floatation mill for processing resulting in a nine-year mine life. Concentrates would be handled through the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System road and port system that currently handles all concentrate produced by the nearby Red Dog zinc mine of Teck. A summary of metallurgical testing and mineral processing is provided below. The PEA analyzed the Lik project as a stand-alone operation and assumes construction of its own independent processing, tailings and port facilities. Alternate development scenarios might be developed utilizing Red Dog infrastructure under the control of Teck.. However, no agreements are in place to develop such plans and are therefore hypothetical.Samples

~~Prior to the S~~Pre-~~K 1300 Lik TRS report, Solitario filed on SEDAR in Canada: Technical Report;~~ Zazu ~~Metals Corporation, Lik Deposit, Alaska, USA; Report Date: April 23, 2014; Effective Date: March 3, 2014; prepared by JDS Energy and Mining Inc (“JDS”).~~Drilling

11Core recoveries were typically high within the massive sulfides, but lower, more variable recoveries were obtained in the unmineralized and weakly mineralized sections. The ~~Metallurgical~~entire ~~Testing~~core obtained from the Lik deposit, usually NQ-size, was logged on site. All of the core containing sulfide mineralization was cut using diamond saws and ~~Mineral~~half ~~Processing~~of the core was sent for assay. Reference samples were not included in the sample stream. Sample lengths in massive sulfides were typically from two to three feet, but occasionally up to nine feet. Sample lengths were controlled by geology and the location of depth markers in the core boxes.

~~There~~37 ~~have~~Table been five metallurgical test work reports issued to date on the Lik ores. The most recent and comprehensive processing and metallurgical testing programs include work performed by G&T and by SGS. Samples collected during drilling in 2007 and 2008 were composited into one Master Composite for testing at G&T in 2008, and later testing by SGS was carried out in 2010 on the remainder of ~~the Master Composite. These key testing results have formed the basis for this economic evaluation of the Lik deposit. Results are summarized in the table below:~~Contents

34Most ~~Table~~of the samples were assayed by Bondar Clegg Laboratory Group (“Bondar Clegg”) of ~~Contents~~Vancouver British Columbia. At various times, the laboratory-maintained preparation facilities in Anchorage and Fairbanks Alaska. In the initial years, when the bulk of the drilling was completed, it is believed that sample preparation and analysis were carried out in Vancouver. Bondar Clegg was not a registered laboratory at that time. However, Bondar Clegg was a recognized, reputable laboratory and was experienced in the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

~~Summary~~As ofthe ~~SGS~~entire ~~2010~~core was logged and ~~G&T~~sampled ~~2008~~in ~~Metallurgical~~an ~~Test~~isolated ~~Results~~field camp, security was not a major concern because access to the camp was closely controlled. It is noted that four different companies (WGM, GCO, Noranda and Moneta Gold Inc.) have completed drilling programs at the Lik property and all of them have obtained consistent results. The work was considered completed to industry standards in use at the time of the work. Sample preparation was completed in the assay laboratory.

Test	Element	Feed	Lead Concentrate		Zinc Concentrate
		Grade	Grade	Recovery	Grade	Recovery
SGS 2010	Pb%	2.83	52.00	69.10	1.88	9.70
	Zn%	9.56	7.39	2.91	54.60	83.10
	Ag gpt	37	55	5.5	68	26.6
G&T 2008	Pb%	2.36	70.30	70.3	1.57	9.4
	Zn%	8.47	4.17	1.20	52.20	86.9
	Ag gpt	34	68	4.8	64	26.9
Average Used for Mass Balance and NSR Estimates	Pb%	2.60	61.15	69.7	1.73	9.6
	Zn%	9.02	5.78	2.06	53.40	85.0
	Ag gpt	36	62	5.2	66	26.8

Zazu Drilling

Drill core obtained during the 2007, 2008 and 2011 drilling campaigns was logged on site. The ~~metallurgical~~entire ~~flowsheet~~core ~~for~~containing ~~this~~sulfide ~~PEA~~mineralization ~~includes~~was ~~conventional~~sawn ~~crushing,~~using ~~grinding,~~diamond saws and ~~floatation~~half ~~processing~~of ~~methods~~the core was sent for assay. ~~Run~~All massive and high-~~of–Mine~~sulfide ~~(ROM)~~cores ~~ore~~were ~~will~~sampled. Visual bemethods ~~delivered~~were used to aselect ~~primary~~sample ~~crushing~~boundaries ~~plant~~ and ~~stored~~lengths. inThe amineralization ~~coarse~~at ~~ore~~Lik ~~stockpile~~is ~~awaiting~~considered ~~reclaim~~to ~~into~~be ~~the~~appropriately ~~grinding~~logged ~~circuit~~and sampled. ~~Crusher~~It ~~ore~~is ~~will~~not beevident ~~reclaimed~~that ~~and~~logging ~~delivered~~or tosampling ais ~~two-stage~~leading ~~grinding~~to ~~circuit~~any ~~equipped~~bias ~~with~~in athe ~~Semi-Autogenous~~sample ~~Grinding~~results. An ~~(SAG)~~examination ~~mill~~of ~~and~~logging ashowed ~~ball~~that ~~mill~~core recovery in ~~closed~~sulfide ~~circuit~~areas ~~with~~was ~~cyclones.~~generally very high.

~~Recoveries~~Core ~~from~~drilled ~~these~~in ~~modeled~~2007 ~~methods~~was placed in the sample bags, the air was evacuated and ~~metallurgical~~replaced ~~testing~~with ~~conducted~~nitrogen. The samples were sent to ~~date~~Kotzebue ~~are~~by ~~anticipated~~charter and then by licensed carrier to beAnchorage. ~~85%~~The ofsamples ~~zinc~~were stored under refrigeration in Anchorage. The samples were dispatched to ~~the~~G ~~zinc~~& ~~concentrate~~T ~~and~~Metallurgical 69Services Ltd.7% (“G & T”) of ~~the~~Kamloops, ~~lead~~British toColumbia, an ISO 9001:2000 certified laboratory for precious metals and base metals. As well as completing metallurgical testing, G & T crushed and analyzed the ~~lead~~samples. The ~~concentrate~~2008 diamond drill core was not required for metallurgical testing and core was handled normally. ~~Silver~~ ~~may~~Sawn ~~also~~samples bewere ~~recovered~~securely bagged and ~~payable~~boxed aton ~~times~~site and dispatched to a facility of ALS Laboratory Group (“ALS Chemex”) located in Fairbanks, Alaska, for sample preparation. Transportation of the ~~zinc~~samples ~~concentrate~~was ~~and,~~through ~~more~~third-party ~~significantly~~companies that provided secure transportation services. The pulps were analyzed at ALS Chemex located in Fairbanks or Elko, Nevada. Zazu did not participate in any part of the ~~lead~~sample ~~concentrate.~~preparation ~~Silver~~or ~~recoveries~~analysis ~~may~~except ~~improve~~for ifcutting acore ~~pyrite~~and ~~circuit~~selecting ~~was~~sample ~~utilized~~intervals.

12Check samples from the 2007 drilling program and all samples from the 2008 drilling campaign were sent to the preparation and assaying facilities of ALS Chemex (ISO 17025 accreditation). Other ~~Reserves~~QA/QC procedures employed by Zazu included the use of blanks (unmineralized core from outside of the mineralized zone) and ~~Resources~~quartered core duplicates. Zazu was unable to obtain acceptable reference samples for the 2007 field season and reference samples were not included as part of the 2007 ongoing QA/QC program. Reproducibility between G & T and ALS Chemex was found to be good.

~~There are no reported mineral reserves at the Lik project~~. Estimated mineral resources for the Lik deposit are shown in the table below (for greater detail, see “S-K 1300 Technical Report Summary Lik Zinc Project, Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska, USA: Effective Date: December 31, 2021, Report Date: March 11, 2022, included as Exhibit 96.2 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Gustavson & Associates, an international independent mining engineering firm, completed the S-K 1300 Lik TRS).

Lik Mineral Resource Estimate (100% basis)
Location	Indicated Resources				Inferred Resources
	Mt	% Zn	% Pb	g/t Ag	Mt	% Zn	% Pb	g/t Ag
Lik South	17.1	8.04	2.69	50	0.71	7.78	1.97	14.3
Lik North	0.51	8.95	2.46	52.9	2.09	8.93	2.98	47.2
Total	17.6	8.07	2.68	50.1	2.8	8.64	2.73	38.9

10. Prefeasibility Studies

	(1)	Price assumptions for Lik: Zn: $0.92/lb.; Pb: $1.01/lb.: Ag: $19.43/oz
	(2)	Mineral resource recoveries for Lik: Zn: 85.0%; Pb: 69.7%; Ag:26.87%
	(3)	Mineral resource for Lik is reported at a cutoff grade of 5% Pb%+Zn%
	(4)	The preliminary pit optimization was prepared using Datamine Software. The drillhole database, mineralized domain solids and block model were imported into Leapfrog Geo/Edge 2021.2.3 for review.
	(5)	For the current resource estimate only surface mining methods were considered. While there may be potential to exploit mineralization via underground mining methods, this was not considered in the current resource statement.

Zazu completed a PEA in 2014 that incorporated a variety of prefeasibility level studies into the analysis. These studies included resource estimation, mining and processing recovery estimates, a preliminary mining and processing plan, infrastructure layout, environmental considerations and an economic analysis based on the base case parameters. The PEA envisioned an open pit mining operation with a 5,500 ton per day floatation mill for processing resulting in a nine-year mine life. Concentrates would be handled through the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System road and port system that currently handles all concentrate produced by the nearby Red Dog zinc mine of Teck. A summary of metallurgical testing and mineral processing is provided below. The PEA analyzed the Lik project as a stand-alone operation and assumes construction of its own independent processing, tailings and port facilities. Alternate development scenarios might be developed utilizing Red Dog infrastructure under the control of Teck. However, no agreements are in place to develop such plans and are therefore hypothetical.

~~13.~~Prior to the S-K 1300 Lik TRS report, Solitario filed on SEDAR in Canada: Technical Report; Zazu Metals Corporation, Lik Deposit, Alaska, USA; Report Date: April 23, 2014; Effective Date: March 3, 2014; prepared by JDS Energy and Mining ~~Operations~~Inc.

No11. ~~commercial~~Metallurgical ~~mining~~Testing ~~operations~~and toMineral ~~recover metals have occurred on the project.~~ Processing

14There have been five metallurgical test work reports issued to date on the Lik ores. ~~Planned~~The ~~Exploration~~most recent and ~~Development~~comprehensive processing and metallurgical testing programs include work performed by G&T and by SGS. Samples collected during drilling in 2007 and 2008 were composited into one Master Composite for testing at G&T in 2008, and later testing by SGS was carried out in 2010 on the remainder of the Master Composite. These key testing results have formed the basis for this economic evaluation of the Lik deposit. Results are summarized in the table below:

~~Solitario~~38 ~~and~~Table ~~Teck~~of ~~are in final discussions to potentially fund a 2024 exploration program, with Teck acting as project manager. Currently, no drilling is anticipated for 2024.~~ Contents

35Summary ~~Table~~ of ~~Contents~~SGS 2010 and G&T 2008 Metallurgical Test Results

Chambara Zinc Property (Peru)

Test	Element	Feed	Lead Concentrate		Zinc Concentrate
Test	Element	Grade	Grade	Recovery	Grade	Recovery
SGS 2010	Pb%	2.83	52.00	69.10	1.88	9.70
	Zn%	9.56	7.39	2.91	54.60	83.10
	Ag gpt	37	55	5.5	68	26.6
G&T 2008	Pb%	2.36	70.30	70.3	1.57	9.4
	Zn%	8.47	4.17	1.20	52.20	86.9
	Ag gpt	34	68	4.8	64	26.9
Average Used for Mass Balance and NSR Estimates	Pb%	2.60	61.15	69.7	1.73	9.6
	Zn%	9.02	5.78	2.06	53.40	85.0
	Ag gpt	36	62	5.2	66	26.8

InThe ~~April~~metallurgical ~~2008,~~flowsheet wefor ~~signed~~this ~~the~~PEA ~~Minera~~includes ~~Chambara~~conventional ~~shareholders’~~crushing, ~~agreement~~grinding, ~~with~~and ~~Votorantim~~floatation onprocessing ~~Solitario's~~methods. ~~100%~~Run-~~owned~~of–Mine ~~Chambara~~(ROM) ~~zinc~~ore ~~project.~~will Inbe ~~2015~~delivered ~~Votorantim~~to ~~transferred~~a ~~its~~primary ~~interest~~crushing plant and stored in ~~the~~a ~~Chambara~~coarse ~~project~~ore tostockpile ~~Milpo.~~awaiting Inreclaim ~~October~~into ofthe ~~2017,~~grinding ~~Milpo~~circuit. ~~and~~Crusher ~~Votorantim~~ore ~~merged~~will tobe ~~form~~reclaimed ~~Nexa.~~and ~~For~~delivered ~~the~~to ~~remainder~~a oftwo-stage ~~this~~grinding ~~Chambara~~circuit ~~property~~equipped ~~section,~~with ~~all~~a ~~references~~Semi-Autogenous toGrinding ~~Votorantim,~~(SAG) ~~Milpo~~mill orand ~~Nexa~~a ~~are~~ball ~~collectively~~mill ~~referred~~in toclosed ascircuit ~~“Nexa~~with cyclones.”

~~The~~Recoveries ~~original~~from ~~purpose~~these modeled methods and metallurgical testing conducted to date are anticipated to be 85% of zinc to the ~~Chambara~~zinc ~~joint~~concentrate ~~venture~~and ~~was~~69.7% of the lead to ~~collectively~~the ~~pool~~lead ~~independently~~concentrate. Silver ~~owned~~may ~~Solitario~~also be recovered and payable at times in the zinc concentrate and, more significantly, in the lead concentrate. Silver recoveries may improve if a pyrite circuit was utilized.

~~and Nexa properties into a jointly held joint venture~~12. ~~These~~Reserves properties were located within a large area of interest in northern Peru measuring approximately 200 by 85 kilometers, but outside of the Florida Canyon property position. Nexa originally contributed 52 mineral concessions within the area of interest totaling 52,000 hectares to Minera Chambara for a 15% interest in Minera Chambara. We contributed 9,600 hectares of mineral claims and ~~an extensive exploration database in our possession for an 85% interest in Minera Chambara.~~Resources

~~Existing~~There ~~and~~are ~~future~~no ~~acquired~~reported ~~properties~~mineral ~~subject~~reserves toat the ~~terms~~Lik ofproject. Estimated ~~the~~mineral ~~shareholders’~~resources ~~agreement~~for ~~will~~the beLik ~~controlled~~deposit byare ~~Minera~~shown ~~Chambara. Minera Chambara dropped selected concessions~~ in ~~2013 and 2016 and acquired~~ the ~~rights~~table tobelow 13(for ~~new~~greater ~~concessions totaling 11~~detail,~~600~~ ~~hectares~~see in“S-K ~~2017.~~1300 ~~The~~Technical ~~current~~Report ~~claim~~Summary ~~holdings~~Lik ofZinc ~~Minera~~Project, ~~Chambara~~Northwest ~~are~~Arctic 48Borough, ~~concessions totaling 40~~Alaska,~~583~~ ~~hectares~~USA: ofEffective ~~valid~~Date: ~~concessions~~December ~~that completely surround the Florida Canyon project area held by Minera Bongará. According to Peruvian law~~31, ~~concessions may be held indefinitely~~2021, ~~subject~~Report ~~only~~Date: toMarch ~~payment of annual fees to the government. In June 2024~~11, ~~total payments of approximately $990~~2022,~~640~~ toincluded ~~the~~as ~~Peruvian~~Exhibit ~~government~~96.2 ~~will be due in order~~ to ~~maintain~~this ~~all~~Annual ~~the~~Report ~~Chambara~~on ~~mineral~~Form ~~rights. Nexa is responsible for paying these costs as part of its earn~~10-~~in expenditure~~K. Gustavson ~~The~~& ~~joint venture reviews its land holdings annually to determine if additional claims need to be added~~Associates, oran ~~lower~~international ~~priority~~independent ~~claims dropped. Peru imposes a sliding scale royalty varying from 1% to 12% of the operating profit of a~~ mining ~~operation.~~engineering ~~The~~firm, ~~percentage~~completed ~~royalty is determined by rule based on~~ the ~~operating~~S-K ~~margin;~~1300 ~~however,~~Lik ~~the minimum royalty is 1% of the revenues~~TRS).

As of December 31, 2023, Minera Chambara’s only assets are the properties and Minera Chambara has no debt. Nexa may increase its shareholding interest to 49% through cumulative spending of $6,250,000 and may further increase its interest to 70% by funding a feasibility study and providing construction financing for Solitario's interest. Nexa has not informed Solitario that it has met the cumulative spending total as of December 31, 2023. If Nexa provides such construction financing, we would repay that financing, including interest, from 80% of Solitario's portion of the project cash flow.

Lik Mineral Resource Estimate (100% basis)
Location	Indicated Resources				Inferred Resources
	Mt	% Zn	% Pb	g/t Ag	Mt	% Zn	% Pb	g/t Ag
Lik South	17.1	8.04	2.69	50	0.71	7.78	1.97	14.3
Lik North	0.51	8.95	2.46	52.9	2.09	8.93	2.98	47.2
Total	17.6	8.07	2.68	50.1	2.8	8.64	2.73	38.9

The geology of the Chambara project area is the same as that found on the Florida Canyon property (see Section 4 and 6 of the Florida Canyon Project description). Significant geochemical anomalies and outcropping mineralization have been identified at several locations on the Chambara property. During 2021 Nexa conducted geologic mapping and geochemical sampling at the San Jose and Naranjitos prospects which were initially discovered by Solitario in the 1990’s. Significant new geologic information collected reveal that at least some of the San Jose mineralization is found in the same stratigraphic location as the Florida Canyon deposit which indicates that the target for future drilling is closer to the surface than previously thought. It is known that the size and strength of the geochemical signature at San Jose is similar to that at Florida Canyon even though surface exploration is still at a very early stage. Even less work has been done at Naranjitos but that project also appears to be very prospective.

	(1)	Price assumptions for Lik: Zn: $0.92/lb.; Pb: $1.01/lb.: Ag: $19.43/oz
	(2)	Mineral resource recoveries for Lik: Zn: 85.0%; Pb: 69.7%; Ag:26.87%
	(3)	Mineral resource for Lik is reported at a cutoff grade of 5% Pb%+Zn%
	(4)	The preliminary pit optimization was prepared using Datamine Software. The drillhole database, mineralized domain solids and block model were imported into Leapfrog Geo/Edge 2021.2.3 for review.
	(5)	For the current resource estimate only surface mining methods were considered. While there may be potential to exploit mineralization via underground mining methods, this was not considered in the current resource statement.

~~There~~13. ~~are~~Mining ~~no reported mineral reserves or mineral resources at the Chambara project.~~Operations

~~Discontinued~~No ~~Projects~~commercial mining operations to recover metals have occurred on the project.

We14. ~~had~~Planned noExploration ~~mineral property impairments in 2023~~ and ~~2022.~~Development

36Current ~~Table~~project plans for 2025 include additional ground gravity geophysics and assessment of ~~Contents~~future historic camp reclamation work. Solitario and Teck are in discussions to finalize the 2025 work program, with Teck acting as project manager. No drilling is planned for 2025.

~~Mineral~~39 ~~Resources~~Table of Contents

~~The~~Chambara ~~following~~Zinc ~~mineral~~Property resources summary represents resources attributable to Solitario’s interest in the mineral resources as provided in the S-K 1300 Florida Canyon TRS at Solitario’s current 39% interest at the Florida Canyon project in (Peru and Solitario’s interest in the mineral resources provided in the S-K 1300 Lik TRS at Solitario’s current 50% interest at the Lik project in Alaska, in each case as of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, [2023 and ] 2022.)

Lik (1)(3)(5)	Tonnes (000)	Zinc %	Zinc lbs (000)	Silver (g/t)	Oz (000)	Lead %	Lead lbs (000)
Measured Mineral Resources	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Indicated Mineral Resources	8,800	8.07	1,565,903	50.10	14,175	2.68	520,027
Measured+Indicated Resources	8,800	8.07	1,565,903	50.10	14,175	2.68	520,027
Inferred Mineral Resources.	1,400	8.64	266,717	38.90	1,751	2.73	84,275
Florida Canyon(2)(4)
Measured Mineral Resources	315	11.32	78,553	15.42	156	1.39	9,646
Indicated Mineral Resources	638	10.28	144,512	14.87	305	1.31	18,415
Measured+Indicated Resources	952	10.62	222,988	15.05	461	1.33	27,926
Inferred Mineral Resources.	5,795	9.63	1,230,499	11.28	2,102	1.26	161,000
Total
Measured Mineral Resources	315	11.32	78,553	15.42	156	1.39	9,646
Indicated Mineral Resources	9,438	8.22	1,710,415	47.72	14,480	2.59	538,443
Measured+Indicated Resources	9,752	8.32	1,788,890	46.68	14,636	2.55	547,953
Inferred Mineral Resources.	7,195	9.44	1,497,216	16.65	3,853	1.55	245,275

In April 2008, we signed the Minera Chambara shareholders’ agreement with Votorantim on Solitario's 100%-owned Chambara zinc project. In 2015 Votorantim transferred its interest in the Chambara project to Milpo. In October of 2017, Milpo and Votorantim merged to form Nexa. For the remainder of this Chambara property section, all references to Votorantim, Milpo or Nexa are collectively referred to as “Nexa.”

	(1)	Price assumptions for Lik: Zn: $0.92/lb.; Pb: $1.01/lb.: Ag: $19.43/oz
	(2)	Price assumptions for Florida Canyon: Zn: $1.20/lb.; Pb: $1.00/lb.: Ag: $16.50/oz
	(3)	Mineral resource recoveries for Lik: Zn: 85.0%; Pb: 69.7%; Ag:26.87%
	(4)	Mineral resource recoveries for Florida Canyon: Zn: 79.8%; Pb: 74.3%; Ag: 51.7%
	(5)	Mineral resource for Lik is reported at a cutoff grade of 5% Pb%+Zn%.
	(6)	Mineral resource cut-offs for Florida Canyon are NSR $41.40/t for sub-level stoping, $42.93/t for cut and fill stoping and $40.61/t for room and pillar.

The original purpose of the Chambara joint venture was to collectively pool independently owned Solitario

~~Internal~~and ~~controls~~Nexa properties into a jointly held joint venture. These properties were located within a large area of interest in northern Peru measuring approximately 200 by 85 kilometers, but outside of the Florida Canyon property position. Nexa originally contributed 52 mineral concessions within the area of interest totaling 52,000 hectares to Minera Chambara for a 15% interest in Minera Chambara. We contributed 9,600 hectares of mineral claims and an extensive exploration database in our possession for an 85% interest in Minera Chambara.

~~Solitario’s~~Existing ~~internal~~and ~~controls~~future ~~are~~acquired ~~designed~~properties subject to ~~provide~~the ~~reasonable~~terms ~~assurance~~of ~~that~~the ~~information~~shareholders’ agreement will be controlled by Minera Chambara. In 2023 and ~~processes~~2024, ~~utilized~~Nexa indropped ~~assessing~~lower ~~its~~potential ~~exploration~~concessions. Minera ~~results~~Chambara ascurrently ~~well~~holds as12 ~~mineral~~concessions ~~resource~~totaling ~~estimation~~9,661 ~~are~~hectares ~~reasonable~~that ~~and~~completely insurround ~~line~~the ~~with~~Florida ~~industry~~Canyon ~~best~~project ~~practices~~area held by Minera Bongará. ~~These~~According ~~internal~~to ~~controls~~Peruvian ~~include~~law, ~~quality~~concessions ~~assurance~~may ~~and~~be ~~quality~~held ~~control~~indefinitely, ~~(“QA/QC”)~~subject ~~programs~~only into payment of annual fees to the ~~collection,~~government. In ~~analysis,~~June ~~verification~~2025, ~~storage~~total payments of approximately $30,000 ~~reporting~~to ~~and~~the ~~use~~Peruvian government will be due in order to maintain all the Chambara mineral rights. Nexa is responsible for paying these costs as part of ~~drillhole,~~its ~~assay~~earn-in expenditure. The joint venture reviews its land holdings annually to determine if additional claims need to be added, ~~metallurgical~~or ~~and~~lower ~~other~~priority ~~technical~~claims ~~and~~dropped. ~~scientific~~Peru ~~information~~imposes a sliding scale royalty varying from 1% to 12% of the operating profit of a mining operation. The percentage royalty is determined by rule based on the operating margin; however, ~~including~~the minimum royalty is 1% of the ~~following:~~revenues.

·As ~~Review~~ of ~~joint~~December ~~venture~~31, ~~analysis/data/and programs by Solitario qualified personnel~~2024, ~~including~~Minera ~~approval~~Chambara’s ofonly ~~budgets~~assets ~~and~~are ~~annual~~the ~~review~~properties ~~of geologic~~ and ~~financial~~Minera ~~results~~Chambara ofhas ~~programs;~~no ·debt. Nexa ~~All~~may ~~mineral~~increase ~~resource~~its ~~calculations~~shareholding ~~are~~interest ~~prepared by independent third-party engineering firms and reviewed by Solitario’s qualified person prior~~ to ~~final~~49% ~~publication;~~through ·cumulative ~~Maintenance~~spending of ~~a complete chain-of-custody~~$6,250,000 ~~ensuring the traceability~~ and ~~integrity~~may offurther ~~the~~increase ~~samples~~its atinterest ~~all~~to ~~handling~~70% ~~stages~~by ~~from~~funding ~~collection,~~a ~~transportation,~~feasibility ~~sample~~study ~~preparation~~ and ~~analysis~~providing toconstruction ~~long-term~~financing ~~sample~~for ~~storage;~~Solitario's ·interest. Nexa ~~Third-party~~has ~~fully~~not ~~certified~~informed ~~labs~~Solitario ~~are~~that ~~used~~it ~~for~~has ~~assays~~met ~~used~~the incumulative ~~public~~spending ~~disclosure~~total oras ~~resource~~of ~~models;~~December ~~and~~31, ·2024. If ~~QA/QC~~Nexa ~~data~~provides ~~are~~such ~~regularly~~construction ~~verified~~financing, towe ~~ensure~~would repay that ~~outliers~~financing, ~~sample~~including ~~mix-ups~~interest, ~~contamination,~~from or80% ~~laboratory~~of ~~biases~~Solitario's ~~during~~portion of the ~~sample~~project ~~preparation~~cash ~~and analysis steps are correctly identified, mitigated or remediated~~flow.

~~Mineral~~ The ~~resources~~geology ~~and~~of ~~mineral~~the ~~reserves~~Chambara ~~are~~project ~~estimates~~area is the same as that ~~contain~~found ~~inherent~~on ~~risk~~the Florida Canyon property (see Section 4 and ~~depend~~6 ~~upon~~of ~~geologic~~the ~~interpretation~~Florida Canyon Project description). Significant geochemical anomalies and ~~statistical~~outcropping ~~inferences~~mineralization ~~drawn~~have ~~from~~been ~~drilling~~identified at several locations on the Chambara property. During 2021 Nexa conducted geologic mapping and geochemical sampling ~~analysis,~~at the San Jose and Naranjitos prospects which ~~may~~were ~~prove~~initially todiscovered beby ~~unreliable~~Solitario in the 1990’s. ~~See~~Significant ~~Risk~~new ~~Factors~~geologic information collected reveal that at least some of the San Jose mineralization is found in ~~Item~~the 1Asame stratigraphic location as the Florida Canyon deposit which indicates that the target for ~~additional~~future ~~information~~drilling is closer to the surface than previously thought. It is known that the size and strength of the geochemical signature at San Jose is similar to that at Florida Canyon even though surface exploration is still at a very early stage. Even less work has been done at Naranjitos but that project also appears to be very prospective.

~~GLOSSARY~~There OFare ~~MINING~~no ~~TERMS~~reported mineral reserves or mineral resources at the Chambara project.

~~“Allochthonous”~~Other ~~means~~Mineral ~~originating in a place other than a place where it was formed.~~Properties

~~“Assay”~~Solitario ~~means~~leased toa ~~test~~100% ~~minerals~~interest byin ~~chemical~~the orCat ~~other~~Creek ~~methods~~project ~~for~~in ~~the~~south-central ~~purpose~~Colorado offrom ~~determining~~a private third party in 2023. Solitario has only conducted very limited work on the ~~amount~~property ofto ~~valuable~~date ~~metals~~but ~~contained~~has secured permits for two drill hole locations. The next annual payment is $16,000. No decision has been made to drill.

~~“Amphiobile”~~Discontinued ~~means any of a class of rock-forming silicate or aluminosilicate minerals typically occurring as fibrous or columnar crystals.~~Projects

37We ~~Table~~had ofno ~~Contents~~mineral property impairments in 2024 and 2023.

~~“Anticline”~~Mineral ~~means folds in which each half of the fold dips away from the crest.~~ Resources

~~“Biotite”~~The ~~means~~following amineral ~~black,~~resources ~~dark~~summary ~~brown~~represents resources attributable to Solitario’s interest in the mineral resources as provided in the S-K 1300 Florida Canyon TRS at Solitario’s current 39% interest at the Florida Canyon project in Peru and Solitario’s interest in the mineral resources provided in the S-K 1300 Lik TRS at Solitario’s current 50% interest at the Lik project in Alaska, orin ~~greenish~~each ~~black~~case ~~variety~~as of ~~mica,~~the ~~occurring~~end inof ~~many~~the ~~igneous~~fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and ~~metamorphic~~2023. ~~rocks~~There has been no change to Solitario’s mineral resources as a result of exploration work performed during 2024.

~~“Breccia”~~40 ~~means~~Table ~~rock consisting~~ of ~~fragments, more or less angular, in a matrix of finer-grained material or of cementing material.~~ Contents

“Carbonaceous” means a compound relating to or containing carbon.

Lik (1)(3)(5)	Tonnes (000)		Zinc %		Zinc lbs (000)		Silver (g/t)		Oz (000)		Lead %		Lead lbs (000)
Measured Mineral Resources		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Indicated Mineral Resources		8,800		8.07		1,565,903		50.10		14,175		2.68		520,027
Measured+Indicated Resources		8,800		8.07		1,565,903		50.10		14,175		2.68		520,027
Inferred Mineral Resources.		1,400		8.64		266,717		38.90		1,751		2.73		84,275

Florida Canyon (2)(4)
Measured Mineral Resources		315		11.32		78,553		15.42		156		1.39		9,646
Indicated Mineral Resources		638		10.28		144,512		14.87		305		1.31		18,415
Measured+Indicated Resources		952		10.62		222,988		15.05		461		1.33		27,926
Inferred Mineral Resources.		5,795		9.63		1,230,499		11.28		2,102		1.26		161,000

Total
Measured Mineral Resources		315		11.32		78,553		15.42		156		1.39		9,646
Indicated Mineral Resources		9,438		8.22		1,710,415		47.72		14,480		2.59		538,443
Measured+Indicated Resources		9,752		8.32		1,788,890		46.68		14,636		2.55		547,953
Inferred Mineral Resources.		7,195		9.44		1,497,216		16.65		3,853		1.55		245,275

“Chert” means a sedimentary rock of microcrystalline quartz (the mineral form Silicon dioxide - SiO2).

	(1)	Price assumptions for Lik: Zn: $0.92/lb.; Pb: $1.01/lb.: Ag: $19.43/oz
	(2)	Price assumptions for Florida Canyon: Zn: $1.20/lb.; Pb: $1.00/lb.: Ag: $16.50/oz
	(3)	Mineral resource recoveries for Lik: Zn: 85.0%; Pb: 69.7%; Ag:26.87%
	(4)	Mineral resource recoveries for Florida Canyon: Zn: 79.8%; Pb: 74.3%; Ag: 51.7%
	(5)	Mineral resource for Lik is reported at a cutoff grade of 5% Pb%+Zn%.
	(6)	Mineral resource cut-offs for Florida Canyon are NSR $41.40/t for sub-level stoping, $42.93/t for cut and fill stoping and $40.61/t for room and pillar.

~~“Claim”~~Internal ~~or “Concession” means a mining interest giving its holder the right to prospect, explore for and exploit minerals within a defined area.~~ controls

Solitario’s internal controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information and processes utilized in assessing its exploration results as well as mineral resource estimation are reasonable and in line with industry best practices. These internal controls include quality assurance and quality control (“~~Clastic~~QA/QC”) ~~means~~programs ~~pertaining~~in tothe ~~rock~~collection, oranalysis, ~~rocks~~verification, ~~composed~~storage, reporting and use of ~~fragments~~drillhole, orassay, ~~particles~~metallurgical ofand ~~older~~other ~~rocks~~technical orand ~~previously~~scientific ~~existing~~information, ~~solid~~including ~~matter;~~the ~~fragmental.~~following:

~~“Deposit”~~· ~~means~~Review anof ~~informal~~joint ~~term~~venture ~~for~~analysis/data/and anprograms ~~accumulation~~by Solitario qualified personnel, including approval of budgets and annual review of geologic and financial results of programs; · All mineral ~~ores.~~resource calculations are prepared by independent third-party engineering firms and reviewed by Solitario’s qualified person prior to final publication; · Maintenance of a complete chain-of-custody, ensuring the traceability and integrity of the samples at all handling stages from collection, transportation, sample preparation and analysis to long-term sample storage; · Third-party fully certified labs are used for assays used in public disclosure or resource models; and · QA/QC data are regularly verified to ensure that outliers sample mix-ups, contamination, or laboratory biases during the sample preparation and analysis steps are correctly identified, mitigated or remediated.

~~“Development”~~Mineral ~~means~~resources ~~work~~and ~~carried~~mineral ~~out~~reserves ~~for~~are ~~the~~estimates ~~purpose~~that ofcontain ~~opening~~inherent uprisk aand ~~mineral~~depend ~~deposit~~upon geologic interpretation and ~~making~~statistical ~~the~~inferences ~~actual~~drawn ~~ore~~from ~~extraction~~drilling ~~possible~~and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unreliable. See Risk Factors in Item 1A for additional information.

~~“Domal”~~41 ~~means~~Table of ~~a dome shape.~~Contents

~~“Dolomite”~~GLOSSARY ~~means~~OF ~~calcium~~MINING ~~magnesium carbonate, CaMg (CO3)2, occurring in crystals and in masses.~~TERMS

“~~Facies~~Allochthonous” means ~~the~~originating ~~appearance~~in ~~and characteristics of~~ a ~~sedimentary~~place ~~deposit,~~other ~~especially~~than asa ~~they~~place ~~reflect~~where ~~the conditions~~it ~~and~~was ~~environment of deposition and serve to distinguish the deposit from contiguous deposits~~formed.

“~~Fault~~Assay” means ato ~~fracture~~test inminerals ~~rock~~by ~~along~~chemical ~~which~~or ~~there~~other ~~has~~methods ~~been~~for ~~displacement~~the purpose of determining the ~~two~~amount ~~sides~~of ~~parallel~~valuable tometals ~~the fracture~~contained.

“~~Float~~Anticline” means ~~pieces~~folds ofin ~~rock~~which ~~that~~each ~~have~~half ~~been~~of ~~broken~~the ~~off~~fold ~~and~~dips ~~moved~~away from ~~their~~the ~~original location by natural forces such as frost or glacial action~~crest.

“~~Galena~~Biotite” means a ~~bluish~~black, ~~gray~~dark brown, or greenish black ~~mineral~~variety of ~~metallic appearance~~mica, ~~generally~~occurring ~~the~~in ~~chief~~many ~~ore~~igneous ofand ~~lead~~metamorphic ~~sulfide~~rocks.

“~~Gabbros~~Breccia” means arock ~~granular~~consisting ~~igneous~~of ~~rock~~fragments, ~~composed~~more ~~essentially~~or ofless ~~calcic plagioclase~~angular, in a ~~ferromagnesian~~matrix ~~mineral,~~of ~~and~~finer-grained ~~accessory~~material ~~minerals~~or of cementing material.

“~~gpt~~Carbonaceous” means ~~grams~~a ~~per~~compound ~~tonne.~~relating to or containing carbon.

“~~Indicated Mineral Resource~~Chert” means ~~that part of~~ a ~~mineral~~sedimentary ~~resource~~rock ~~for~~of ~~which~~microcrystalline ~~quantity~~quartz ~~and grade or quality are estimated on~~ (the ~~basis~~mineral ofform ~~adequate~~Silicon ~~geological~~dioxide ~~evidence~~- ~~and sampling~~SiO2).

“~~Inferred~~Claim” ~~Mineral~~or ~~Resource~~“Concession” means ~~that part of~~ a ~~mineral~~mining ~~resource~~interest ~~for~~giving ~~which~~its ~~quantity~~holder ~~and~~the ~~grade~~right orto ~~quality~~prospect, ~~are~~explore ~~estimated~~for onand ~~the~~exploit ~~basis~~minerals ofwithin ~~limited~~a ~~geological evidence and sampling~~defined area.

“~~Karst~~Clastic” means apertaining ~~landscape~~to ~~that~~rock isor ~~characterized~~rocks bycomposed ~~the features~~ of ~~solution~~fragments ~~weathering~~or ~~and~~particles ~~erosion~~of inolder ~~the~~rocks ~~subsurface.~~or ~~These~~previously ~~features~~existing ~~include~~solid ~~caves,~~matter; ~~sinkholes, disappearing streams, subsurface drainage and deeply incised narrow canyons~~fragmental.

“~~Limestone~~Deposit” means aan ~~bedded,~~informal ~~sedimentary~~term ~~deposit~~for ~~consisting~~an ~~chiefly~~accumulation of ~~calcium~~mineral ~~carbonate~~ores.

“~~Manto deposits~~Development” means ~~replacement~~work ~~ore~~carried ~~bodies~~out ~~that~~for ~~are~~the ~~strata~~purpose ~~bound,~~of ~~irregular~~opening toup ~~rod~~a ~~shaped~~mineral ~~ore~~deposit ~~occurrences~~and ~~usually~~making ~~horizontal~~the oractual ~~near~~ore ~~horizontal~~extraction ~~in attitude~~possible.

“~~Metabasalts~~Domal” means ~~generally~~of ~~fine~~a todome ~~medium grained basalts, dominated by plagioclase, quartz, amphibole, and biotite rock~~shape.

“~~Measured Mineral Resource~~Dolomite” means ~~that~~calcium ~~part~~magnesium carbonate, ofCaMg a(CO3)2, ~~mineral~~occurring ~~resource~~in ~~for~~crystals ~~which quantity~~ and ~~grade~~in ~~or quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling~~masses.

“~~Mineral Resource~~Facies” means asthe aappearance ~~concentration~~and orcharacteristics ~~occurrence~~ of ~~material~~a ofsedimentary ~~economic~~deposit, ~~interest~~especially inas orthey onreflect the conditions ~~earth’s~~and ~~crust~~environment inof ~~such~~deposition ~~form, grade or quality,~~ and ~~quantity~~serve ~~that~~to ~~there~~distinguish ~~are~~the ~~reasonable~~deposit ~~prospects~~from ~~for its economic extraction~~contiguous deposits.

“~~Minnelusa~~Fault” means a ~~formation~~fracture asin arock ~~geologic~~along ~~unit~~which ofthere ~~primarily~~has ~~limestone~~been ~~and~~displacement ~~dolomite~~of ~~found in~~ the ~~Black~~two ~~hills~~sides ofparallel ~~South Dakota of the Permian~~ to ~~Pennsylvanian aged limestones and dolomites~~the fracture.

“~~Mineralization~~Float” means ~~the~~pieces ~~concentration~~ of ~~metals~~rock ~~within~~that ahave ~~body~~been ofbroken ~~rock~~off and moved from their original location by natural forces such as frost or glacial action.

“~~NSR~~Galena” means ~~net~~a ~~smelter~~bluish ~~return~~gray ~~royalty~~or black mineral of metallic appearance, generally the chief ore of lead sulfide.

“~~Ore~~Gabbros” means ~~material~~a ~~containing~~granular ~~minerals~~igneous ~~that~~rock ~~can~~composed beessentially ~~economically~~of ~~extracted.~~calcic plagioclase, a ferromagnesian mineral, and accessory minerals.

“~~Ounce~~gpt” means agrams ~~troy~~per ~~ounce~~tonne.

“~~Oxide~~Indicated Mineral Resource” means that part of a mineral ~~class~~resource infor which ~~the~~quantity ~~chemical~~and ~~compound~~grade ~~typically~~or ~~contains~~quality anare 0estimated -2on ~~oxygen~~the ~~atom~~basis inof ~~its~~adequate ~~chemical~~geological ~~formula~~evidence and sampling.

“~~Pahasapa~~Inferred Mineral Resource” means athat ~~formation~~part asof a ~~geologic~~mineral ~~unit~~resource offor ~~primarily~~which ~~limestone~~quantity and ~~dolomite~~grade ~~that~~or isquality ~~exposed~~are inestimated on the ~~Black~~basis ~~hills~~ of ~~South~~limited ~~Dakota~~geological ofevidence ~~Mississippian aged limestones~~ and ~~dolomites~~sampling.

38“Karst” ~~Table~~means a landscape that is characterized by the features of ~~Contents~~solution weathering and erosion in the subsurface. These features include caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, subsurface drainage and deeply incised narrow canyons.

“Limestone”~~Plagioclaste”~~ means a ~~group~~bedded, ofsedimentary ~~feldspar~~deposit ~~minerals~~consisting ~~that~~chiefly ~~form~~of acalcium ~~solid solution series ranging from pure albite, Na(AlSi3O8), to pure anorthite, Ca(Al2Si2O8)~~carbonate.

“~~Pyrite~~Manto deposits” means areplacement ~~compound~~ore ofbodies ~~iron~~that ~~sulfide~~are ~~(FeSO2)~~strata ~~commonly~~bound, ~~found~~irregular into ~~mineral~~rod ~~rich~~shaped ~~areas~~ore occurrences usually horizontal or near horizontal in attitude.

“~~Reserves~~Metabasalts” ~~or “Mineral Reserve”~~ means ~~that~~generally ~~part~~fine ofto amedium ~~mineral~~grained ~~deposit~~basalts, ~~which~~dominated ~~could~~by beplagioclase, ~~economically~~quartz, amphibole, and ~~legally~~biotite ~~extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination~~rock.

“~~Sampling~~Measured Mineral Resource” means ~~selecting~~that part of a ~~fractional,~~mineral ~~but~~resource ~~representative,~~for ~~part~~which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of aconclusive ~~mineral~~geological ~~deposit~~evidence ~~for analysis.~~and sampling.

“~~Shale~~Mineral Resource” means as a ~~fine-grained~~concentration ~~sedimentary~~or ~~rock~~occurrence ~~that~~of ~~forms~~material ~~from~~of economic interest in or on the ~~compaction~~earth’s ofcrust ~~silt~~in such form, grade or quality, and ~~clay~~quantity ~~commonly~~that ~~referred~~there toare asreasonable ~~mud.~~prospects for its economic extraction.

“~~Sediment~~Minnelusa” means ~~solid~~a ~~material~~formation ~~settled~~as ~~from~~a ~~suspension~~geologic unit of primarily limestone and dolomite found in athe ~~liquid.~~Black hills of South Dakota of the Permian to Pennsylvanian aged limestones and dolomites.

~~“Sedimentary~~42 ~~Exhalative~~Table ~~Deposits (SEDEX)” means ore deposits which have been formed by the release~~ of ~~ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids into a water reservoir.~~Contents

“~~Silicification~~Mineralization” means the ~~process~~concentration inof ~~which~~metals ~~organic~~within ~~matter~~a ~~becomes~~body ~~saturated~~of ~~with silica (silicon dioxide)~~rock.

“~~Sphalerite~~NSR” means anet ~~very~~smelter ~~common~~return ~~mineral, zinc sulfide, usually containing some iron and a little cadmium, occurring in yellow, brown, or black crystals or cleavable masses with resinous luster and it is the principal ore of zinc~~royalty.

“~~Spectrophotometry~~Ore” means ~~the quantitative measurement of the reflection properties of a~~ material ascontaining aminerals ~~function~~that ofcan ~~its~~be ~~wavelength~~economically extracted.

“~~Stratiform~~Ounce” means ~~formed~~a ~~parallel~~troy ~~to the bedding places of surrounding rock~~ounce.

“~~Stratigraphy~~Oxide” means ~~the~~a ~~arrangement~~mineral ofclass ~~rock~~in ~~strata,~~which ~~especially~~the aschemical tocompound ~~the~~typically ~~geographic,~~contains ~~chronologic~~an ~~order~~0 of-2 ~~sequence~~oxygen ~~(age),~~atom ~~classification,~~in ~~characteristics~~its ~~and~~chemical ~~formation~~formula.

“~~Strike~~Pahasapa” ~~when~~means ~~used~~a formation as a ~~noun,~~geologic ~~means~~unit ~~the direction, course or bearing~~ of aprimarily ~~vein~~limestone orand ~~rock~~dolomite ~~formation~~that ~~measured~~is onexposed ain ~~level~~the ~~surface~~Black ~~and,~~hills ~~when~~of ~~used~~South asDakota aof ~~verb,~~Mississippian ~~means~~aged tolimestones ~~take~~and ~~such direction, course or bearing~~dolomites.

“~~Subcrop~~Pyrite” means ana ~~occurrence~~compound of ~~strata~~iron ~~beneath~~sulfide ~~the~~(FeSO2) ~~subsurface~~commonly offound anin ~~inclusive~~mineral ~~stratigraphic~~rich ~~unit that succeeds an unconformity on which there is marked overstep~~areas.

“~~Sulfide~~Reserves” or “Mineral Reserve” means athat ~~compound~~part of ~~sulfur~~a mineral deposit, which could be economically and ~~some~~legally ~~other~~extracted ~~element~~or produced at the time of the reserve determination.

“~~Synform~~Sampling” means Aselecting ~~topographic~~a ~~feature~~fractional, ~~which~~but isrepresentative, ~~composed~~part of ~~sedimentary layers in~~ a ~~concave~~mineral ~~formation~~deposit for analysis.

“~~Syngenetic~~Shale” means a ~~mineral~~fine-grained ~~deposit~~sedimentary rock that forms atfrom the ~~same~~compaction ~~time~~of assilt ~~the~~and ~~surrounding~~clay ~~rock~~commonly referred to as mud.

“~~Ton~~Sediment” means asolid ~~short~~material ~~ton~~settled ~~(2,000~~from ~~pounds)~~suspension in a liquid.

“~~Tonne~~Silicification” means athe ~~metric~~process ~~measure~~in ~~that~~which ~~contains~~organic ~~2,204.6~~matter ~~pounds~~becomes orsaturated ~~1,000~~with ~~kilograms~~silica (silicon dioxide).

“~~Vein~~Sphalerite” means a ~~fissure~~very common mineral, ~~fault~~zinc sulfide, orusually ~~crack~~containing insome iron and a ~~rock~~little ~~filled~~cadmium, byoccurring ~~minerals~~in ~~that~~yellow, ~~have~~brown, ~~traveled~~or ~~upwards~~black crystals ~~from~~or ~~some~~cleavable ~~deep~~masses with resinous luster and it is the ~~source~~principal ore of zinc.

“Spectrophotometry” means the quantitative measurement of the reflection properties of a material as a function of its wavelength.

“Stratiform” means formed parallel to the bedding places of surrounding rock.

“Stratigraphy” means the arrangement of rock strata, especially as to the geographic, chronologic order of sequence (age), classification, characteristics and formation.

“Strike” when used as a noun, means the direction, course or bearing of a vein or rock formation measured on a level surface and, when used as a verb, means to take such direction, course or bearing.

“Subcrop” means an occurrence of strata beneath the subsurface of an inclusive stratigraphic unit that succeeds an unconformity on which there is marked overstep.

“Sulfide” means a compound of sulfur and some other element.

“Synform” means A topographic feature which is composed of sedimentary layers in a concave formation.

“Syngenetic” means a mineral deposit that forms at the same time as the surrounding rock.

“Ton” means a short ton (2,000 pounds).

“Tonne” means a metric measure that contains 2,204.6 pounds or 1,000 kilograms.

“Vein” means a fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have traveled upwards from some deep source.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in any such litigation. We believe that the amount of any reasonably possible or probable loss for known matters would not be material to our financial statements; however, the outcome of these actions is inherently difficult to predict. In the event of an adverse outcome, the ultimate potential loss could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in a particular period.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

3943 Table of Contents

PART II

Our common stock trades on the NYSE American exchange under the symbol “XPL” and on the TSX under the symbol “SLR.” Since 2008 trading volume of our common stock on the NYSE American exchange has exceeded the trading volume of our stock on the TSX by a substantial margin.

Holders of our common stock

As of March 2110, ~~2024~~2025, we have approximately 275 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividend policy

We have not paid a dividend in our history and do not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.

Recent sales of unregistered securities

OnNot December 6, 2023, we issued 500,000 shares of our common stock to an adviser in accordance with the terms of a consulting and capital markets advisory contract (the “Consulting Contract”) together with a subscription agreement entered into with the adviser. Solitario relied on the exemptions from registration set forth in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) and Rule 506(b) promulgated thereunder, together with applicable exemptions under Canadian law, for the offer and sale of the shares. Solitario: (i) did not engage in any public advertising or general solicitation in connection with the offering of the shares; (ii) reasonably believed that the investor was sophisticated and an “accredited investor” and understood the risks of acquiring the shares; and (iii) believed that the investor acquired the shares for investment purposes. Additionally, because the investor is not a U.S. person, and the offer and sale was effected outside the United States, Solitario believes that the offer and sale of the shares was also effected in accordance with Regulation S promulgated under the 1933 Act.

Item 6. [Reserved]

4044 Table of Contents

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." Our financial condition and results of operations are not necessarily indicative of what may be expected in future years.

(a). Business Overview and Summary

We are an exploration stage company as defined by rules issued by the SEC. We were incorporated in the state of Colorado on November 15, 1984. In July 1994, we became a publicly traded company on the TSX through our initial public offering. We have been actively involved in mineral exploration since 1993. Our primary focus is the acquisition and exploration of precious metals and zinc-related exploration mineral properties. We have historically held a portfolio of mineral exploration properties and assets for future sale, for joint venture or to create a royalty up to the development stage of the project (development activities include, among other things, completion of a feasibility study for the identification of proven and probable reserves, as well as permitting and preparing a deposit for mining). At that point, or sometime prior to that point, we would likely attempt to sell a given mineral property, pursue its development either on our own or through a joint venture with a partner that has expertise in mining operations, or obtain a royalty from a third party that continues to advance the property. Although our mineral properties may be developed in the future by us, through a joint venture or by a third party, we have never developed a mineral property. In addition to focusing on our current mineral exploration properties, ~~we also~~ from time to time we also evaluate potential strategic transactions for the acquisition of new precious and base metal properties and assets with exploration potential.

Our current geographic focus for the evaluation of potential mineral properties is in North and South America; however, we have conducted property evaluations for potential acquisition in other parts of the world. At December 31, ~~2023~~2024, we consider our Golden Crest project in South Dakota, our carried interest in our Florida Canyon project in Peru, and our interest in the Lik project in Alaska to be our core mineral property assets. We also have an interest in our Cat Creek project in Colorado, an early-stage exploration project. We are conducting independent exploration activities in Peru and through joint ventures operated by our partners in Peru and the United States. We conduct potential acquisition evaluations in other countries in both North and South America.

As of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, we have balances of cash and short-term investments that we anticipate using, in part, to fund planned ~~2024~~2025 exploration, to further the exploration of our Lik, ~~and~~ Golden Crest and Cat Creek projects, conduct reconnaissance exploration and to potentially acquire additional mineral properties. The fluctuations in commodity prices of base and precious metals have contributed to a challenging environment for mineral exploration and development, which has created opportunities as well as challenges for the potential acquisition of advanced mineral exploration projects or other related assets at potentially attractive terms.

In analyzing our activities, the most significant aspect relates to the results of our exploration and potential development activities and those of our joint venture partners on a property-by-property basis. When our exploration or potential development activities, including drilling, sampling and geologic testing, indicate a project may not be economically feasible or contain sufficient geologic or economic potential we may impair or completely write-off the property. Another significant factor in the success or failure of our activities is the price of commodities. For example, when the price of zinc or gold is down, the value of zinc, gold or other precious metal-bearing mineral properties decreases; however, when the price of zinc or gold is up it may become more difficult and expensive to locate and acquire new zinc, gold or other precious metal-bearing mineral properties with potential to have economic deposits.

The potential sale, joint venture or development of our mineral properties will occur, if at all, on an infrequent basis. Historically, we have recorded revenues and met our need for capital in the past through (i) the sale of our investments in, and interest on, money market accounts and our short-term treasury notes and bank certificates of deposit (“CDs”); (ii) issuances of common stock; (iii) sales of our shares of our held marketable equity securities; (iv) sales of covered call options on common stock of Kinross we hold; (v) sale of mineral property interests and assets; (vi) long-term debt secured by our mineral properties; (vii) short-term borrowing; and (viii) joint venture payments, including delay rental payments. During ~~2023~~2024 we issued ~~a total of 13~~1,~~298~~802,~~485~~060 shares ofpursuant to our ~~common~~ATM ~~stock~~program, indescribed ~~private~~below, ~~transactions~~ for net proceeds of $71,~~352~~218,000., after commissions and expenses. During ~~2022~~2023 we issued a total of 213,~~650~~298,~~724~~485 shares of our common stock ~~pursuant~~in toprivate ~~our~~transactions ~~ATM Program~~ for net proceeds of $27,~~023~~352,000. We did not record any mineral property income from the sale of mineral properties during ~~2023~~2024 or ~~2022~~2023. We have reduced our exposure to the costs of our exploration activities in the past through the use of joint ventures. Although we anticipate the use of funding through our joint venture ~~funding~~parties for some of our exploration activities will continue for the foreseeable future, we can provide no assurance that these or other sources of capital will be available in sufficient amounts to meet our needs, if at all.

4145 Table of Contents

(b). Results of Operations

Comparison of the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 to the year ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023

We had a net loss of $35,~~754~~368,000 or $0.0507 per basic and diluted share for the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 compared to a net loss of $3,~~928~~754,000 or $0.0605 per basic and diluted share for the year ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023. As explained in more detail below, the primary reasons for the ~~decrease~~increase in net loss during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~2022~~2023 ~~was~~were (i) an increase in ~~interest~~our ~~income~~exploration expense to $~~191~~4,148,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~interest~~exploration ~~income~~expense of $~~131~~2,378,000 during ~~2022~~2023; (ii) aan ~~recorded~~increase ~~gain~~in ongeneral ~~derivative~~and ~~instruments~~administrative ofexpense to $311,879,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ageneral ~~loss~~and onadministrative ~~derivative~~expense ~~instruments~~ of $41,712,000 during ~~2022~~2023; (iii) a loss on ~~sale~~derivative ofinstruments ~~marketable equity securities~~ of $~~201~~29,000 during ~~2022,~~2024 compared ~~with~~to noa ~~sales~~gain ofon ~~marketable~~derivative ~~equity~~instruments ~~securities~~of $31,000 during 2023; and (iv) an unrealized gain on short-term investments of $56,000 during 2023 ~~compared~~with tono ansimilar ~~unrealized~~item ~~loss~~in on2024. Partially ~~short-term~~offsetting ~~investments~~these offactors ~~$108,000~~that ~~during~~contributed ~~2022;~~to ~~and (v)~~ an ~~unrealized~~increased ~~gain~~loss ~~of $83,000 on marketable equity securities~~ during ~~2023~~2024 compared to an2023 ~~unrealized~~were ~~loss~~(i) onan ~~marketable~~increase ~~equity~~in ~~securities~~interest ofincome to $94372,000 during ~~2022. Partially~~2024 ~~offsetting~~compared ~~these factors that contributed~~ to ~~the~~interest ~~decrease~~income inof ~~our~~$191,000 ~~net~~during ~~loss in~~ 2023; ~~were the following~~ (iii) ana ~~increase~~gain inon ~~our~~sale ~~exploration~~of ~~expense~~marketable toequity securities of $254,~~378,~~000 during ~~2023~~2024, compared towith ~~exploration~~no ~~expense~~sales of ~~$2,283,000~~marketable equity securities during ~~2022~~2023; and (iiiii) an ~~increase~~unrealized ingain ~~general~~of ~~and~~$289,000 ~~administrative~~on ~~expense~~marketable toequity ~~$1,712,000~~securities during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~general~~an ~~and~~unrealized ~~administrative~~gain ~~expense~~on marketable equity securities of $183,~~360,~~000 during ~~2022~~2023. Each of these items is discussed in greater detail below.

Our primary exploration activities during ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 were related to our Golden Crest project in South Dakota and our Lik project in Alaska. We recorded exploration costs of $13,~~798~~884,000 ~~of exploration costs~~ at Golden Crest during ~~2023~~2024 compared to $1,~~505~~798,000 during ~~2022~~2023. The Golden Crest expenditures during 2024 were primarily related to the drilling program where we completed 11 drill holes during 2024, with direct drilling costs of approximately $2,042,000. During 2023 ~~and~~our ~~2022~~Golden Crest expenditures consisted primarily of geologic evaluation of claims for staking, mapping and soil and rock sampling with related assay costs. In addition to these exploration costs, we ~~also~~ capitalized $~~340~~43,000 of mineral acquisition costs at Golden Crest for ~~our~~ initial acquisition costs related to leasing, staking and filings on new claims acquired during ~~2022~~2024 compared to 2023 when we had no staking, leasing or other initial acquisition costs and, accordingly we did not capitalize any initial acquisition costs during 2023. All future exploration and filing costs related to ~~these~~our Golden Crest claims will be expensed as incurred.

Solitario’s share of exploration expenses at our Lik project in Alaska was $~~404~~142,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to exploration costs at our Lik project of $~~668~~404,000 during ~~2022~~2023. Teck completed a single drill hole during ~~2022~~2023, ~~compared~~and tothere awas ~~three-hole~~no drilling ~~program~~at Lik during ~~2022~~2024 which accounted for the decrease in expenses during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~2022~~2023. In addition, Teck performed on-going geologic evaluation of the Lik project during both ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, which included on-site geophysics, mapping and analysis of prior drilling and permitting, as well as on-going site environmental monitoring, evaluation and clean-up as part of a 50/50 exploration program managed by Teck. The geophysical surveys were successful in defining a low-amplitude gravity anomaly that requires further follow-up work. We are ~~evaluating,~~planning ~~along~~additional ~~with~~geotechnical ~~Teck,~~work ~~the~~for ~~completed~~2025 ~~2023~~as well as further environmental monitoring and ~~2022~~clean-up ~~drilling~~at ~~programs~~the ~~for~~site. We ~~planned~~spent ~~exploration~~approximately in$35,000 during 2024 at our Cat Creek project, a new early-stage exploration project, with no similar amount during 2023. Given that the exploration program at our Florida Canyon project in Peru is fully funded by our joint venture partner, Nexa, we incurred relatively small exploration expenses at Florida Canyon of $4114,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to $1641,000 in ~~2022~~2023.

The remaining exploration expenditures during ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 were reconnaissance work, including the evaluation of potential mineral properties for acquisition. Our planned ~~2024~~2025 total exploration and development budget, excluding any new projects, in which we may acquire an interest, is approximately $3,~~927~~910,000, which reflects planned work at the Golden Crest project, including $21,~~000~~911,000 for drilling at the Golden Crest project, depending on permitting. Our planned exploration activities in ~~2024~~2025 may be modified, as necessary for any drilling programs we may undertake at Golden Crest or projects we may acquire, changes related to any number of factors including, potential acquisition of new properties, joint venture funding, commodity prices and changes in the deployment of our capital.

Exploration expense (in thousands) by property consisted of the following:

(in thousands of dollars)	Year endedDecember 31,
Property Name	~~2023~~2024		~~2022~~2023
Golden Crest	$	13,~~798~~884	$	1,~~505~~798
Florida Canyon		41		16
Lik project		142		404
Lik project		404		668
Florida Canyon		14		41
Reconnaissance exploration activity		135		94
Cat Creek		35		-
Total exploration expense	$	2,378	$	2,283
Reconnaissance exploration activity		73		135
Total exploration expense	$	4,148	$	2,378

We46 ~~believe~~Table ~~a discussion~~ of our general and administrative costs should be viewed without the non-cash stock option compensation expense (discussed below). Excluding these costs, general and administrative costs were $1,465,000 during 2023 compared to $1,022,000 during 2022. The major components of our general and administrative costs were (i) salary and benefits expense which increased to $795,000 during 2023 compared to $411,000 during 2022, as a result of increased salaries and an increase in bonuses to $382,000 in 2023 compared to a bonus of $57,000 during 2022; (ii) legal and accounting costs which decreased to $253,000 during 2023 compared to $287,000 during 2022 primarily due to increased accounting costs in 2022 to comply with initial SK-1300 disclosure requirements during 2022; (iii) travel and investor relation costs which increased to $287,000 during 2023 compared to $205,000 during 2022 as a result of additional travel and investor conferences attended during 2023 compared to 2022; and (iv) other costs related to office, insurance and miscellaneous costs which increased to $130,000 during 2023 compared to $119,000 during 2022 as a result of additional activity and general cost increases. We anticipate general and administrative costs for 2024 to be approximately $1,331,000 which will be somewhat lower than the costs incurred during 2023; however, this amount may vary significantly during 2024 depending on the outcome of our exploration activity at Golden Crest and Lik projects and any strategic transactions we may attempt to execute upon. Contents

42We ~~Table~~believe a discussion of ~~Contents~~our general and administrative costs should be viewed without the non-cash stock option compensation expense (discussed below). Excluding these costs, general and administrative costs were $1,213,000 during 2024 compared to $1,465,000 during 2023. The major components of our general and administrative costs were (i) salary and benefits expense which decreased to $399,000 during 2024 compared to $795,000 during 2023, as a result of fewer personnel and a decrease in bonuses to $27,000 in 2024 compared to a bonus of $382,000 during 2023; (ii) legal and accounting costs which decreased to $220,000 during 2024 compared to $253,000 during 2023 primarily due fees related to private placement financings during 2023 compared to 2024 with no corresponding transactions.; (iii) travel and investor relation costs which increased to $450,000 during 2024 compared to $287,000 during 2023 as a result of having an investor relations consulting contract during 2024 as well as additional travel and investor conferences attended during 2024 compared to 2023; and (iv) other costs related to office, insurance and miscellaneous costs which increased to $143,000 during 2024 compared to $130,000 during 2023 as a result of additional activity and general cost increases. We anticipate general and administrative costs for 2025 to be approximately $1,010,000 which would be lower than the costs incurred during 2024; however, this amount may vary significantly during 2025 depending on the outcome of our exploration activity at Golden Crest, Cat Creek and Lik projects and any strategic transactions we may attempt to execute upon.

We account for our employee stock options under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification No. 718 (“ASC No. 718”). We recognize stock option compensation expense on the date of grant for 25% of the grant date fair value, and subsequently, based upon a straight-line amortization of the grant date fair value of each of our outstanding options. During the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024, we recorded $~~247~~666,000 of non-cash stock-based compensation ~~expense~~ for the amortization of our outstanding options grant date fair value with a credit to additional paid-in-capital compared to $~~338~~247,000 of non-cash stock option compensation expense during ~~2022~~2023. The amount was higher during ~~2022~~2024 primarily due to the grant of 2,~~360~~125,000 options with a total grant date fair value of $~~876~~1,120,000, of which Solitario recognized 25% on the grant date orof $~~218~~280,000 compared to 50,~~000options~~000 options granted during 2023, with a grant date fair value of $16,000 ~~of which Solitario recognized 25% or $4,000 during 2023~~. The remaining compensation expense was related to the straight-line amortization of our outstanding options in ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023. See Note 10, “Employee Stock Compensation Plans,” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data to this Annual Report on Form 10-K” for an analysis of the changes in the fair value of our outstanding stock options and the components that are used to determine the fair value.

We recorded an unrealized gain on marketable equity securities of $83289,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to an unrealized ~~loss~~gain on marketable equity securities of $9483,000 during ~~2022~~2023. The net gain on marketable equity securities during ~~2023~~2024 was primarily related to a $~~196~~322,000 unrealized gain related to an increase in the value of our holdings of Kinross common stock and an increase of $3338,000 in the value of our holdings of ~~Highlander~~Vox ~~Silver~~Royalty common stock, which was partially offset by an unrealized loss related to the decrease of $~~111~~37,000 in the value of our holdings of Vendetta stock and a decrease in the value of our holdings of ~~Vox~~Highlander Silver common stock of $351,000 during ~~2023~~2024, prior to its sale during 2024. The loss during ~~2022~~2023 was primarily related to an unrealized ~~loss~~gain on marketable equity securities of $~~172~~196,000 due to aan ~~decrease~~increase in the value of our holdings of shares of Kinross common stock and an unrealized ~~loss~~gain on marketable equity securities of $5933,000 on our holdings of ~~Vox~~Highlander Silver common stock, partially offset by an unrealized ~~gain~~loss on marketable equity securities of $~~137~~111,000 in the value of our holdings of Vendetta common stock and an unrealized loss on marketable equity securities of $35,000 in the value of our holdings of Vox Royalty common stock. Changes in the unrealized value of our holdings of marketable equity securities are related to the changes in the fair values of those holdings which are dependent on the market prices of the individual securities.

During ~~2022~~2024 we sold 1100,~~250,~~000 shares of ~~Vendetta~~Highlander Silver common stock for proceeds of $6354,000 and recorded a realized ~~loss~~gain on the ~~sales~~sale of $~~201~~54,000. We had no sales of marketable equity securities during 2023. See Note 3, “Marketable Equity Securities” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of our marketable equity securities. We may sell some of our marketable equity securities from time to time during ~~2024~~2025 for working capital needs; however, we do not expect to sell all of our holdings of marketable equity securities during ~~2024~~2025. Any proceeds we may receive from sales of marketable equity securities during ~~2024~~2025 will be dependent on the quoted market price of the securities sold on the date of sale and may be at prices below the fair value at December 31, ~~2023~~2024. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

We recorded a ~~gain~~loss on derivative instruments of $3129,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to a ~~loss~~gain on derivative instruments of $431,000 during ~~2022~~2023. During ~~2023~~2024, we sold certain Kinross calls against our holdings of Kinross common stock for net proceeds of $3138,000~~. The~~ and at December 31, 2024 we have outstanding Kinross covered calls ~~expired~~covering ~~unexercised~~our ~~during~~100,000 ~~2023~~shares that expire in May 2025 and have an exercise price of $10.00 per share, for which we have recorded a ~~gain~~current liability of $3167,000. During ~~during~~ 2023 ~~related~~we tosold ~~those~~covered calls~~. During~~ ~~2022,~~against our ~~warrants~~holdings toof ~~acquire~~Kinross ~~Vendetta~~ common stock ~~(“Vendetta~~for ~~Warrants”)~~proceeds ~~expired~~of ~~unexercised~~$31,000 which ~~resulted~~expired inunexercised ~~the~~during 2023 and we recorded a gain of $431,000 ~~loss~~during on2023 ~~derivative~~related ~~instruments~~to those calls. See Note 7, “Derivative Instruments” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of our derivative instruments. We anticipate we may write calls against our holdings of Kinross common stock in ~~2024~~2025 to provide additional income on a limited portion of shares of Kinross that we may sell in the near term, which is generally defined as less than one year.

We recorded $2527,000 of depreciation and amortization during ~~2023~~2024 compared to $2925,000 of depreciation and amortization during ~~2022~~2023. The ~~reduction~~increase in depreciation and amortization is primarily related tothe ~~certain~~purchase of operating equipment during 2024 with the increased depreciation partially offset as older assets ~~becoming~~became fully depreciated during ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023. We amortize our equipment over a five-year period. We anticipate our ~~2024~~2025 depreciation and amortization expense will be similar to our ~~2023~~2024 depreciation expense.

We47 ~~recorded~~Table ~~interest income~~ of $191,000 during 2023 compared to interest income of $131,000 during 2022. The increase during 2023 was primarily related to an increase in the outstanding balances of our investments in our money market account and United States Treasury securities during the majority of the year as a result of the net proceeds of $7,352,000 received from private placement sales of our common stock during 2023. In addition, interest rates on short-term investments increased during 2023 compared to 2022.Contents

43We ~~Table~~recorded interest and dividend income of ~~Contents~~$372,000 during 2024 compared to interest and dividend income of $191,000 during 2023. The increase during 2024 was primarily related to an increase in the outstanding balances of our investments in our money market account during the majority of the year as a result of the net proceeds of $7,352,000 received from private placement sales of our common stock during 2023. In addition, average interest rates on short-term investments were higher during 2024 compared to average interest rates during 2023. We anticipate our interest and dividend income will be lower in 2025 as a result of reduced short-term investment balances during 2025 compared to 2024.

During 2023, we recorded an unrealized gain of $56,000 related to the value of our mark-to-market short term investments in United States Treasury securities ~~compared~~with tono ansimilar ~~unrealized~~gain or loss ofduring ~~$108,000~~2024. This ~~during~~unrealized ~~2022~~gain was as a result of the effects of changing interest rates on our outstanding USTS short-term investments. We anticipate ~~our~~we will not incur unrealized gains and losses related to our mark-to-market short-term investments ~~will decrease~~ in ~~2024~~2025 ~~compared to 2023~~ as a result of the use of money market funds rather than short-dated USTS during 2024, as well as a reduction in the balances of our short-term investments and our cash balances for ordinary overhead, operational costs, and the exploration, evaluation and or acquisition of mineral properties discussed above2025. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” below, for further discussion of our cash and cash equivalent and short-term asset balances.

~~Our~~We ~~other~~recorded ~~income~~no deferred tax expense or benefit in either 2024 or 2023 as we provide a valuation allowance for the tax benefit arising out of ~~$20~~our net operating losses for all periods presented. See Note 6,~~000~~ ~~during~~“Income ~~2022~~Taxes” ~~was~~to ~~from~~our ~~the~~consolidated ~~sale~~financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of ~~certain~~this ~~exploration~~Annual ~~data~~Report on aForm ~~non~~10-~~owned~~K ~~mineral~~for ~~property~~additional ~~upon~~discussion ~~which~~of ~~Solitario~~our ~~had~~income ~~previously~~tax ~~done~~valuation ~~exploration activities~~allowance, ~~with~~deferred notax ~~similar~~assets ~~item~~and inour net operating losses for 2024 and 2023. We doanticipate ~~not~~we ~~anticipate~~will ~~other~~continue ~~income~~to provide a valuation allowance for these net operating losses until we are in a net tax liability position with regards to those countries where we operate or until it is more likely than not that we will be aable ~~significant~~to ~~source~~realize ofthose ~~cash~~net inoperating ~~2024,~~losses ifin atthe ~~all~~future.

We ~~recorded~~regularly noperform ~~deferred~~evaluations ~~tax~~of ~~expense~~our ormineral ~~benefit~~property inassets ~~either~~to ~~2023~~assess ~~or 2022 as we provide a valuation allowance for~~ the ~~tax~~recoverability ~~benefit arising out~~ of our ~~net~~investments ~~operating~~in ~~losses~~these ~~for all periods presented~~assets. ~~See~~All ~~Note~~long-lived 6,assets ~~“Income~~are ~~Taxes”~~reviewed tofor ~~our~~impairment ~~consolidated~~whenever ~~financial~~events ~~statements~~or incircumstances ~~Item~~change 8,which ~~“Financial~~indicate ~~Statements~~the ~~and~~carrying ~~Supplementary~~amount ~~Data”~~ of ~~this~~an ~~Annual~~asset ~~Report~~may onnot ~~Form~~be ~~10-K~~recoverable ~~for~~utilizing ~~additional~~guidelines ~~discussion~~based ofupon ~~our~~future ~~income~~net ~~tax~~cash ~~valuation~~flows ~~allowance,~~from ~~deferred~~the ~~tax~~asset ~~assets~~as ~~and~~well as our ~~net~~estimates ~~operating~~of ~~losses~~the ~~for~~geologic ~~2023~~potential ~~and~~of ~~2022.~~early-stage Wemineral ~~anticipate~~property weand ~~will~~its ~~continue~~related tovalue ~~provide a valuation allowance~~ for ~~these~~future ~~net~~sale, ~~operating~~joint ~~losses~~venture ~~until~~or wedevelopment ~~are~~by inus ~~a net tax liability position with regards to those countries where we operate~~ or ~~until~~others. During it2024 isand ~~more~~2023 ~~likely than not that~~ we ~~will~~recorded beno ~~able~~mineral toproperty ~~realize those net operating losses in the future~~impairments.

~~We regularly perform evaluations of our mineral property assets to assess the recoverability of our investments in these assets~~(c). ~~All~~ ~~long-lived~~Liquidity assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances change which indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable utilizing guidelines based upon future net cash flows from the asset as well as our estimates of the geologic potential of early-stage mineral property and ~~its~~Capital ~~related~~Resources ~~value for future sale, joint venture or development by us or others. During 2023 and 2022 we recorded no mineral property impairments.~~

~~(c).~~Cash ~~Liquidity and Capital Resources~~

~~Cash~~As of December 31, 2024, we had $81,000 in cash. We intend to utilize a portion of this cash and a portion of our short-term investments, discussed below, to fund our ordinary overhead, operational costs, exploration activities and for the evaluation of potential acquisitions of mineral properties and other assets over the next several years.

~~As of December 31, 2023, we had $200,000 in cash. We intend to utilize a portion of this cash and a portion of our short~~Short-term investments, discussed below, to fund our ordinary overhead, operational costs, exploration activities and for the potential acquisition of additional mineral properties and other assets over the next several years. Investments

~~Short~~At December 31, 2024 we had $4,523,000 in our money market account held in a brokerage account. Solitario also held USTS during 2023 which matured during 2024. Solitario has no investment in USTS at December 31, 2024. Our short-term ~~Investments~~investments in the money market account are highly liquid and may be sold in their entirety at any time at their quoted market price and are classified as a current asset. We anticipate we will roll over that portion of our short-term investments not used for operating costs or mineral property acquisition efforts as they mature during 2025.

AsMarketable ofEquity December 31, 2023, we have money market investments and USTS with maturities of 1 day to two months. At December 31, 2023 we had $7,738,000 in our money market account held in a brokerage account and USTS recorded at their fair value of $698,000. Solitario also held CDs during 2022 which matured during 2022. Solitario has no outstanding CDs at December 31, 2023. The USTS are recorded at their fair value based upon quoted market prices. Our short-term investments in the money market account and USTS are highly liquid and may be sold in their entirety at any time at their quoted market price and are classified as a current asset. We anticipate we will roll over that portion of our short-term investments not used for operating costs or mineral property acquisitions as they mature during 2024.Securities

~~Marketable~~Our ~~Equity~~marketable ~~Securities~~equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, which is based upon market quotes of the underlying securities. We owned 100,000 shares of Kinross common stock as of December 31, 2024, which are recorded at their fair value of $927,000. As of December 31, 2024, we own 7,750,000 shares of Vendetta common stock recorded at their fair market value of $81,000, and we own 134,055 shares of Vox Royalty common stock recorded at their fair market value of $314,000. Changes in the fair value of marketable equity securities are recorded as gains and losses in the statements of operations.

~~Our~~Working marketable equity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, which is based upon market quotes of the underlying securities. We owned 100,000 shares of Kinross common stock as of December 31, 2023, which are recorded at their fair value of $605,000. As of December 31, 2023, we own 7,750,000 shares of Vendetta common stock recorded at their fair market value of $118,000, we own 134,055 shares of Vox common stock recorded at their fair market value of $276,000, and we own 100,000 shares of Highlander Silver Corp common stock recorded at their fair market value of $33,000. Changes in the fair value of marketable equity securities are recorded as gains and losses in the statements of operations. Capital

~~Working~~We ~~Capital~~had working capital of $5,624,000 at December 31, 2024 compared to working capital of $9,309,000 as of December 31, 2023. Our working capital at December 31, 2024 consists primarily of our cash and cash equivalents, our investment in short-term investments and our marketable equity securities, less our current liabilities of $368,000. As of December 31, 2024, our cash balances along with our short-term investments and marketable equity securities are adequate to fund our expected expenditures over the next year.

We48 ~~had~~Table ~~working capital~~ of $9,309,000 at December 31, 2023 compared to working capital of $4,991,000 as of December 31, 2022. Our working capital at December 31, 2023 consists primarily of our cash and cash equivalents, our investment in short-term investments and our marketable equity securities, less our current liabilities of $632,000. As of December 31, 2023, our cash balances along with our short-term investments and marketable equity securities are adequate to fund our expected expenditures over the next year. Contents

44The ~~Table~~nature of ~~Contents~~the mineral exploration business requires significant sources of capital to fund exploration, development and operation of mining projects. We anticipate using our working capital and any additional funds we might acquire to carry out our 2025 planned expenditures. Our existing resources are adequate to fund these expenditures. These expenditures include planned exploration for Golden Crest, including potential drilling, pending the receipt of required permits, as well as planned limited exploration at our Lik project for 2025 of approximately $400,000 at the project of which Solitario will be responsible for 50% of expenditures. We do not expect any significant exploration expenditures at our Florida Canyon project where Nexa is responsible for all 2025 planned expenditures. We also plan on limited exploration expenditure at our Cat Creek project. We expect we will need additional capital if we decide to develop or operate any of our current exploration projects or any projects or assets we may acquire. We anticipate we would finance any such development through the use of our cash reserves, short-term investments, joint ventures, issuance of debt or equity, or the sale of other exploration projects or assets.

The nature of the mineral exploration business requires significant sources of capital to fund exploration, development and operation of mining projects. We anticipate using our working capital and any additional funds we might acquire to carry out our 2024 planned expenditures. Our existing resources are adequate to fund these expenditures. These expenditures include planned exploration for Golden Crest, including potential drilling, pending the receipt of required permits, as well as planned exploration at our Lik project where we are in discussions with our joint venture partner, Teck, regarding planned 2024 expenditures. We do not expect any significant exploration expenditures at our Florida Canyon project where Nexa is responsible for all 2024 planned expenditures. We expect we will need additional capital if we decide to develop or operate any of our current exploration projects or any projects or assets we may acquire. We anticipate we would finance any such development through the use of our cash reserves, shortStock-~~term~~Based ~~investments,~~Compensation ~~joint ventures, issuance of debt or equity, or the sale of other exploration projects or assets.~~Plans

As of December 31, 2024, options to acquire an aggregate of 5,348,500 shares of our common stock were outstanding. Of that amount there are 3,228,500 options that are vested and exercisable at December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, our outstanding options include 1,078,500 options that are in the money with a weighted average exercise price of $0.21 per share, which is below the market price of a share of Solitario common stock at December 31, 2024 of $0.59 per share as quoted on the NYSE American exchange. During 2024, options for 250,000 shares were exercised for cash proceeds of $54,000. See Note 10, “Employee Stock~~-Based~~ Compensation Plans” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the activity in our 2013 Plan and our 2023 Plan during 2024 and 2023. We anticipate that a portion of our outstanding stock options currently in the money at December 31, 2024 will be exercised during 2025.

AsEquity ofoffering ~~December~~private 31, 2023, options to acquire an aggregate of 3,828,500 shares of our common stock were outstanding. Of that amount there are 2,576,000 options that are vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, our outstanding options include 1,278,000 options that are in the money with a weighted average exercise price of $0.34 per share, which is below the market price of a share of Solitario common stock at December 31, 2023 of $0.56 per share as quoted on the NYSE American exchange. During 2023, options for 1,486,500 shares were exercised for cash proceeds of $459,000. See Note 10, “Employee Stock Compensation Plans” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the activity in our 2013 Plan and our 2023 Plan during 2023 and 2022. We do not anticipate that a significant portion of our outstanding stock options will be exercised during 2024. placements

~~Equity~~We ~~offering~~had no private ~~placements~~placement of shares during 2024.

On July 31, 2023, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with Newmont Overseas Exploration Ltd. (“Newmont”), for the purchase and sale of 4,166,667 shares of Solitario common stock (the “Newmont Shares”), at a price of $0.60 per share for net proceeds of $2,422,000 after certain legal and regulatory offering costs of $78,000. In connection with the sale of the Newmont Shares, we entered into an Investor Rights Agreement with Newmont, which granted Newmont certain additional rights, including a preemptive right, certain anti-dilution protections and certain other rights and notice provisions related to our ~~Gold~~Golden Crest mineral property assets.

On October 13, 2023, we completed a private placement of 8,631,818 shares of our common stock (the “Shares”) at a price of $0.55 per share for net proceeds of $4,727,000 after certain legal and regulatory offering costs of $21,000. The sale of the Shares was made through a subscription agreement between Solitario and each respective investor. The Shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under United States and Canadian securities laws. No officers, directors or other of our affiliates participated in the private placement. Investors in the private placement were provided certain registration rights with respect to the Shares they purchased. We did not engage an underwriter or placement agent for the private placement, and therefore there were no underwriter discounts or commissions or placement agent fees.

On November 16, 2023, we entered into a consulting and capital markets advisory contract (the “Consulting Contract”) with an independent advisory firm, in ~~exchange~~consideration for the issuance of 500,000 shares which were issued on December 6, 2023 at a price of $0.51 per share. The sale of the shares was made through a subscription agreement between us and the advisory firm. The shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under United States and Canadian securities laws. We recorded a pre-paid expense of $255,000 for the issuance of the shares. The pre-paid expense is being amortized over the one-year term of the Consulting Contract and we recorded $223,000 and $32,000, respectively, in general and administrative expense during 2024 and 2023 related to the Consulting Contract.

At the Market Offering

On February 2, 2021, we put an ATM (“At the Market”) program, in place, which was amended in 2023, to allow us to sell shares of our common stock under that program from time to time through H.C Wainwright and Co. (“Wainwright”) as sales manager in an at-the-market offering under a prospectus supplement for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $10.0 million (the “ATM Program”). The common stock is distributed at the market prices prevailing at the time of sale. As a result, prices of the common stock sold under the ATM Program may vary as between purchasers and during the period of distribution. The ATM Agreement provides that Wainwright is entitled to compensation for its services at a commission rate of 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of common stock sold. ~~We did not sell any shares under the ATM Program during 2023.~~ During ~~2022~~2024, we sold 21,~~650~~802,~~724~~060 shares of our common stock under the ATM Program at aan average price of $0.7970 per share for net proceeds of $21,~~023~~218,000 after commissions and sale expenses. We did not sell any shares under the ATM Program during 2023.

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Off-balance sheet arrangements

As of December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

(d). Cash Flows

Net cash used in operations during the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 increased to $35,~~263~~099,000 compared to $23,~~900~~263,000 for the year ended December 31, ~~2022~~2023 primarily as a result of (i) the increase in exploration expense at our Golden Crest project to $13,~~798~~884,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to $1,~~505~~798,000 of exploration expense incurred at our Golden Crest project during ~~2022;~~2023, ~~(ii)~~primarily anrelated ~~increase~~to inincreased ~~our reconnaissance exploration~~ expenditures tofor ~~$135,000~~the ~~during~~drilling ~~2023~~program ~~compared~~at toGolden ~~reconnaissance~~Crest ~~exploration~~completed ~~expenditures of $94,000~~ during ~~2022~~2024; (~~iii~~ii) an increase in general and administrative expense to $1,~~712~~879,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to general and administrative expense of $1,~~360~~712,000 during ~~2022~~2023; and (iviii) a ~~decrease~~use inof ~~the~~ cash ~~provided~~resulting from a ~~reduction~~decrease in ~~prepaid~~accounts ~~expenses~~payable and other current ~~assets~~liabilities toof $20379,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~cash~~an ~~provided~~provision of cash from aand ~~reduction~~increase in ~~prepaid~~accounts ~~expenses~~payable and other current ~~assets~~liabilities of $~~265~~328,000 during ~~2022; and (v) other income of $20,000 during 2022, with no similar item during~~ 2023. Partially offsetting these ~~additional~~ expenditures and the overall uses of cash in operations during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~2022~~2023 were (i) aan ~~reduction~~increase in ~~the~~interest ~~exploration~~and ~~expenditures~~dividend atincome ~~our Lik project~~ to $~~404~~372,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~exploration~~interest ~~expenditures~~and dividend income of $~~668~~191,000 during ~~2022~~2023; (ii) an increase in ~~accounts~~the ~~payable~~cash provided from a reduction in prepaid expenses and other current ~~liabilities~~assets of $~~328~~207,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ancash ~~decrease~~provided from a reduction in ~~accounts~~prepaid ~~payable~~expenses and other current ~~liabilities~~assets asof $20,000 during 2023; (iii) a ~~use~~decrease ofin ~~cash~~our reconnaissance exploration expenditures to $73,000 during 2024 compared to reconnaissance exploration expenditures of $51135,000 during ~~2022~~2023; and (~~iii~~iv) ana ~~increase~~decrease in ~~interest~~our ~~and~~exploration ~~dividend~~expenditures ~~income~~at our Lik project to $~~191~~142,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to ~~interest~~exploration ~~and~~expenditures ~~dividend~~at ~~income~~the Lik project of $~~131~~404,000 during ~~2022~~2023. These items are discussed in further detail above under “Results of Operations.”

Net cash ~~used~~provided by investing activities was $43,~~409~~938,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to net cash ~~provided~~used by investing activities of $~~701~~4,409,000 during ~~2022~~2023. The primary reasons for the ~~increase~~decrease in cash used by investing activities are (i) an increase in the cash ~~used~~provided toby ~~purchase~~the sale of short-term investments of $43,~~429~~913,000 during ~~2023~~2024 compared to the ~~provision~~use of cash from the ~~sale~~net purchase of short-term investments of $14,~~028~~429,000 during ~~2022~~2023; and (ii) cash from the sale of marketable equity securities of $6354,000 during ~~2022~~2024 compared with no sales of marketable equity securities during 2023. Partially offsetting these items were (i) no additions to mineral properties for initial acquisition costs ~~during 2023 compared to the use~~ of ~~cash of~~ $~~340~~55,000 ~~capitalized~~during as2024 ~~mineral~~compared ~~properties~~to ~~for~~no initial acquisition costs ~~during 2022; (ii) the sale of calls on the shares of Kinross common stock we own~~ for ~~cash~~mineral ~~proceeds~~properties ~~of $31,000 with no similar sales of derivative instruments~~ during ~~2022; and (iii) a reduction in cash used for additions to other assets to $11,000 during~~ 2023 ~~compared to cash used for additions to other assets of $50,000 during 2022~~. We anticipate we will continue to utilize proceeds from the sale of our short-term investments and any proceeds we may derive from potential sales of marketable equity securities to fund our operations during ~~2024~~2025.

Our net cash provided by financing activities during ~~2023~~2024 was from (i) the sale of 121,~~798~~802,~~485~~060 shares of our common stock ~~from private placements for net cash of $7,097,000 discussed above~~ under ~~“Equity offering private placements,” after certain direct costs related to~~ the ~~amendment~~ATM ofProgram ~~certain~~at ~~terms~~an ofaverage ~~the~~price ~~ATM Program~~ of $~~46,000~~0.70 ~~and~~per ~~entering~~share ~~into~~for ~~the~~net ~~Consulting~~proceeds ~~Contract~~after expenses of $61,218,000, ~~discussed above;~~ and (ii) the exercise of options for 1250,~~486,500~~000 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $~~459~~54,000. Our net cash provided by financing activities during ~~2022~~2023 was from (i) the sale of 212,~~650~~798,~~724~~485 shares of our common stock from private placements for net cash of $7,097,000 discussed above under ~~the~~“Equity ~~ATM~~offering ~~Program~~private atplacements,” aafter ~~price~~certain direct costs related to the amendment of ~~$0.79~~certain ~~per~~terms ~~share~~of ~~for~~the ~~net~~ATM ~~proceeds~~Program of $246,~~023,~~000, discussed above; and (ii) the exercise of options for ~~114~~1,~~250~~486,500 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $30459,000. We may utilize the ATM Program during ~~2024~~2025 to supplement our existing cash resources, however we ~~will~~intend to only use the ATM Program when we believe the market conditions based upon the quoted price of a share of our common stock is appropriate. WeAlthough dowe anticipate that a portion of our outstanding stock options currently in the money at December 31, 2024 will be exercised during 2025, we have not ~~expect~~planned that the exercise of options ~~nor~~or the issuance of shares in private placements towill be a significant source of cash during ~~2024~~2025.

(e). Development Activities, Exploration Activities, Environmental Compliance and Contractual Obligations

Development Activities

We do not have any ongoing mineral development activities, which are activities for the development of mineral properties with reserves for potential mining.

Exploration Activities

A historically significant part of our business involves the review of potential property acquisitions and continuing review and analysis of properties in which we have an interest to determine the exploration and development potential of the properties. In analyzing expected levels of expenditures for work commitments and property payments, our obligations to make such payments fluctuate greatly depending on whether, among other things, we make a decision to sell a property interest, convey a property interest to a joint venture, or allow our interest in a property to lapse by not making the work commitment or a required lease or claim payment. In acquiring many of our interests in mining claims and leases, we have entered into agreements, which generally may be canceled at our option. We are often required to make minimum rental and option payments in order to maintain our interest in certain claims and leases. Our net ~~2023~~2024 mineral and surface property filing rental and option payments, included in exploration expense, were $~~392~~493,000. Our ~~2024~~2025 total exploration property claim fees, rentals and option payments for properties we own, have under joint venture, or operate are estimated to be approximately $1,~~606~~191,000. Assuming that our joint ventures continue in their current status and that we do not appreciably change our property positions on existing properties, we estimate that our joint venture partners will pay on our behalf or reimburse us approximately $1674,~~219,~~000 of these annual payments. These obligations are detailed below under “Contractual Obligations.” In addition, we may be required to make further payments in the future if we elect to exercise our options under those agreements or if we enter into new agreements.

4650 Table of Contents

Environmental Compliance

We are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations in the countries where we operate. We are required to obtain permits in advance of initiating certain of our exploration activities, to monitor and report on certain activities to appropriate authorities, and to perform remediation of environmental disturbance as a result of certain of our activities. Historically, the nature of our activities of review, acquisition and exploration of properties prior to the establishment of reserves, which may include mapping, sampling, geochemistry and geophysical studies as well as some limited exploration drilling, has not resulted in significant environmental impacts in the past. We have historically carried on our required environmental remediation expenditures and activities, if any, concurrently with our exploration activities and expenditures. The expenditures to comply with our environmental obligations are included in our exploration expenditures in the statement of operations and have not been material to our capital or exploration expenditures and have not had a material effect on our financial position. For the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, we have not capitalized any costs related to environmental control facilities. We do not anticipate our exploration activities will result in any material new or additional environmental expenditures or liabilities in the near future.

Contractual Obligations

The following table provides an analysis of our contractual obligations:

(in thousands)	As of December 31, 2023Payments due by period
	As of December 31, 2024Payments due by period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1–3 years		4–5 years		More than 5 years
(in thousands)	Total		Less than 1 year		1–3 years		4–5 years		More than5 years
Operating Lease Obligations (1)	$	9656	$	4449	$	527	$	-	$	-
Mineral property option and lease payments (2)	$	~~387~~517	$	~~387~~517	$	-	$	-	$	-

	(1)	Lease obligation payments on our Wheat Ridge, Colorado office.
	(2)	Mineral property payments under lease and property claim and concession payments for the next year, net of joint venture payments.

(f). Exploration Joint Ventures, Royalty and Other Properties

The following discussion relates to an analysis of our anticipated property exploration plans as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024. Please also see Note 2, “Mineral Properties,” to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and our discussion of our properties under Item 2, “Properties” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more complete discussion of all of our mineral properties.

Golden Crest

The Golden Crest project is 100%-owned early-stage exploration project located in the northern Black Hills of western South Dakota in Lawrence County. The Golden Crest project is comprised of ~~1724~~1825 unpatented lode claims, with an associated area of approximately 3336,000 acres. Solitario acquired its initial interest in the Golden Crest project during 2021.

During ~~2023~~2022 ~~and~~through ~~2022~~2024 Solitario conducted exploration activities on the Golden Crest project including grid soil and grab rock sampling, hand trenching, mapping, induced polarization ground geophysics, permitting and geotechnical work. Over twenty gold-enriched target areas have been identified, with fourteen of these areas containing multi-gram gold per tonne assays.

In ~~December~~2024 ~~2023~~Solitario completed drilling of eleven core holes totaling 4,346 ~~the~~meters. The ~~USFS~~results ~~issued~~included aseveral ~~Draft~~holes ~~Decision~~with ~~Notice~~multi-gram ~~and~~gold ~~Finding~~mineralization as six of Nothe ~~Significant~~eleven ~~Impact~~holes intersected gold grades exceeding one gpt. ~~Pending~~Higher ~~the~~grade ~~issuance~~paleo-placer ofgrades awere ~~final~~intersected ~~FONSI~~as well as Precambrian rock formations, ~~and~~which ifprovide ~~permits~~some toconfirmation ~~drill~~of ~~are~~Solitario’s ~~received~~theoretical ~~during~~geologic ~~2024~~interpretation ~~field~~of ~~season,~~potential economic mineralization at depth at Golden Crest During 2025 Solitario is planning to conduct a 5phase-one, 4,000-meter drilling program consisting of ~~approximately~~up ~~eight~~ to ~~twelve~~15 additional exploration core holes. Depending on drilling results and receiving permits Solitario may initiate a phase-two drilling program during 2025 and 2026. In addition, we will be continuing a surface exploration program during ~~2024~~2025 consisting of prospecting for new areas of mineralization through the collection of select rock grab samples, systematic soil sampling and, potentially, geophysics.

4751 Table of Contents

Florida Canyon

The Florida Canyon project is an advanced-stage high-grade zinc project in Peru. Based on extensive exploration and development work conducted to date, we believe the property has potential to be developed into a mine in the future. The project is held in a joint venture between Nexa (61%) and Solitario (39%).

Solitario and Nexa jointly completed a PEA in 2017 that incorporated resource estimation, mining and processing recovery estimates, a preliminary mining and processing plan, infrastructure layout, environmental considerations and an economic analysis based on certain base case parameters. The PEA envisioned an underground mining operation with a 2,500 tonne per day floatation mill for processing, resulting in a 12.5-year-mine life. Concentrates would be trucked to Nexa’s Cajamarquilla zinc smelter facility in Lima, Peru.

During ~~2023,~~2024 Nexa ~~advanced~~spent ~~the~~approximately ~~project~~$2.0 ~~through~~million ~~(i)~~on the ~~completion~~Florida ~~and~~Canyon ~~upgrade~~project ofincluding ~~the~~an ~~road~~upgrade ~~access~~ to the ~~property~~access ~~and~~road ~~local~~to ~~communities;~~the ~~(ii)~~project, ~~completion~~social ofand acommunity ~~phase~~projects 5in ~~permit~~the ~~for~~areas ~~additional~~of ~~drilling~~health, ~~platforms~~education asand ~~well~~commercial asopportunities. Nexa ~~underground~~also ~~workings;~~began ~~(iii) signing~~ a ~~two~~re-~~year~~evaluation ~~exploration~~of ~~agreement~~the ~~with~~Florida ~~local~~Canyon ~~communities;~~resource ~~and~~model, ~~(iv)~~which ~~initial~~will ~~drilling~~continue inthrough ~~the~~2025. This ~~Florida~~re-evaluation ~~Sur~~is ~~area~~intended ~~which~~to ~~resulted~~evaluate inthe ~~two~~upside ~~core~~potential ~~holes~~as ~~totaling~~well ~~1,362~~as ~~meters~~identify tonew ~~test~~high-priority ~~for~~drill ~~potential~~targets ~~extensions~~within of the ~~San~~current ~~Jorge~~footprint ~~zone~~of to the ~~south~~deposit.

~~Nexa’s~~Lik planned 2024 expenditures include a comprehensive evaluation of all its geologic data to develop a future drilling program. Future drilling is expected to test extensions of the Florida Canyon area, but more importantly as many as four new totally un-drill tested prospects to the east and south. project

The Lik project is an advanced-staged high-grade zinc project consisting of 47 contiguous Alaska state mining claims. The project is held in a joint venture between Teck (50%) and Solitario (50%).

~~The~~A PEA was completed in 2014 on the Lik ~~project~~deposit isthat envisioned an ~~advanced-staged~~open ~~high~~pit mining operation with a 5,500 ton per day floatation mill for processing resulting in a nine-~~grade~~year ~~zinc~~mine ~~project~~life. Concentrates ~~consisting~~would ofbe 47handled ~~contiguous~~through ~~Alaska~~the ~~state~~DeLong ~~mining~~Mountain ~~claims~~Regional Transportation System road and port system that currently handles all concentrate produced by the nearby Red Dog zinc mine of Teck. ~~The~~Alternate ~~project~~development isscenarios ~~held~~might inbe adeveloped ~~joint~~utilizing ~~venture~~Red ~~between~~Dog infrastructure under the control of Teck. ~~(50%)~~However, no agreements are in place to develop such plans and ~~Solitario~~are ~~(50%).~~therefore hypothetical.

During ~~2023~~2024, Teck completed its ZTEM inversion process and ~~2022~~an ~~Teck~~airborne geophysical program it completed in 2024. Teck also worked on a ~~total~~3D ofgeologic ~~four~~model ~~core~~and previously completed ground gravity geophysical survey as well as ongoing environmental site work. Teck believes there is potential for additional drill ~~holes~~targets, based on ZTEM inversion modelling, geologic mapping, and ground gravity. Solitario and Teck are in final discussions to fund a 2025 work program, with Teck acting as project manager. Currently, no drilling is anticipated for 2025 at the Lik project.

~~Solitario~~Other ~~and Teck are in final discussions to fund a 2024 work program, with Teck acting as project manager. Currently, no drilling is anticipated for 2024 at the Lik project.~~ Properties

~~Other Properties~~Chambara

The current claim holdings of Minera Chambara are 12 concessions totaling 9,661 hectares of valid concessions that surround the Florida Canyon project area held by Minera Bongará. A limited amount of surface exploration has been conducted in recent years. Significant geochemical anomalies and outcropping mineralization have been identified at several locations on the Chambara property. Nexa is responsible for maintaining the property in good standing and making all concession payments to the Peruvian government.

~~The~~Cat current claim holdings of Minera Chambara are 48 concessions totaling 40,583 hectares of valid concessions that surround the Florida Canyon project area held by Minera Bongará. A limited amount of surface exploration has been conducted in recent years. Significant geochemical anomalies and outcropping mineralization have been identified at several locations on the Chambara property. Nexa is responsible for maintaining the property in good standing and making all concession payments to the Peruvian government. Creek

Solitario leased a 100% interest in the Cat Creek project in south-central Colorado from a private third party in 2023. Solitario has only conducted very limited work on the property to date and during 2024 ~~Planned~~secured ~~Expenditures~~permits for two drill hole locations. Solitario is planning a limited exploration program at Cat Creek for 2025 and currently although no decision has been made to drill at Cat Creek during 2025.

~~Our~~2025 ~~2024~~Planned ~~total~~Expenditures exploration budget is approximately $3,927,000 for our planned exploration expenditures. This amount does not include any significant expenditures for our Florida Canyon project where our joint venture partner, Nexa, is responsible for 100% of exploration costs. It includes $3,500,000 planned exploration expense at our Golden Crest project, including approximately $2,000,000 for drilling, pending permitting. We will continue the evaluation of potential new acquisitions of properties primarily in the United States around the Golden Crest project as well as other regions of North and South America. We expect to carry out our exploration activities during 2024 utilizing Teck at Lik, Nexa at Florida Canyon, and our own employees and contract geologists at Golden Crest and other projects.

~~(g)~~Our 2025 total exploration budget is approximately $3,910,000 for our planned exploration expenditures. This ~~Discontinued~~amount ~~Projects~~does not include any significant expenditures for our Florida Canyon project where our joint venture partner, Nexa, is responsible for 100% of exploration costs. It includes $3,557,000 planned exploration expense at our Golden Crest project, including approximately $1,911,000 for drilling, pending permitting. We will continue the evaluation of potential new acquisitions of properties primarily in the United States around the Golden Crest project as well as other regions of North and South America. We expect to carry out our exploration activities during 2025 utilizing Teck at Lik, Nexa at Florida Canyon, and our own employees and contract geologists at Golden Crest and Cat Creek projects.

We52 ~~recorded~~Table noof ~~mineral property impairments during 2023 or 2022.~~ Contents

48(g). ~~Table~~Discontinued ~~of Contents~~Projects

~~(h).~~We ~~Significant~~recorded ~~Accounting~~no ~~Policies~~mineral ~~and~~property ~~Critical~~impairments ~~Accounting~~during ~~Estimates~~2024 or 2023.

~~See~~(h). ~~Note 1, “Business and Summary of~~ Significant Accounting Policies,” ~~in Item 8, “Financial Statements~~ and ~~Supplementary~~Critical ~~Data”~~Accounting ~~of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of our significant accounting policies.~~Estimates

~~Solitario’s~~See ~~valuation~~Note of1, ~~mineral~~“Business ~~properties is a critical accounting estimate. We review~~ and ~~evaluate~~Summary ~~our~~of ~~mineral properties for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.~~ Significant ~~negative~~Accounting ~~industry or economic trends~~Policies,” ~~adverse~~in ~~social~~Item ~~or political developments~~8, ~~geologic~~“Financial ~~results,~~Statements ~~geo-technical~~and ~~difficulties,~~Supplementary orData” ~~other disruptions to our business are a few examples~~ of ~~events~~this ~~that~~Annual weReport ~~monitor,~~on asForm ~~they~~10-K ~~could~~for ~~indicate~~a ~~that~~discussion ~~the carrying value~~ of ~~the mineral properties may not be recoverable. In such cases, a recoverability test may be necessary to determine if an impairment charge is required. There has been no change to~~ our ~~assumptions,~~significant ~~estimates~~accounting ~~or calculations during the year ended December 31, 2023~~policies.

~~(i)~~Solitario’s valuation of mineral properties is a critical accounting estimate. ~~Related~~We ~~Party~~review ~~Transactions~~and evaluate our mineral properties for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Significant negative industry or economic trends, adverse social or political developments, geologic results, geo-technical difficulties, or other disruptions to our business are a few examples of events that we monitor, as they could indicate that the carrying value of the mineral properties may not be recoverable. In such cases, a recoverability test may be necessary to determine if an impairment charge is required. There has been no change to our assumptions, estimates or calculations during the year ended December 31, 2024.

~~None~~(i). Related Party Transactions

~~(j). Recent Accounting Pronouncements~~ None

~~See~~(j). ~~Note~~Recent ~~1, “Business and Summary of Significant~~ Accounting ~~Policies,”~~Pronouncements ~~in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.~~

See Note 1, “Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Smaller reporting companies are not required to provide the information required by this item.

4953 Table of Contents

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

		Page
Consolidated Financial Statements
~~Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Assure CPA, LLC, Spokane, Washington, PCAOB ID 444)~~	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Assure CPA, LLC, Spokane, Washington, PCAOB ID 444)	~~F-2~~55
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Plante & Moran, PLLC, Denver, Colorado, PCAOB ID 166)		F-3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023	56
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-4
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	57
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	58
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	59
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	60
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-8

~~F-1~~54 Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

of Solitario Resources Corp.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Solitario Resources Corp. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statement of operations, statement of shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the ~~year~~years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our ~~audit~~audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our ~~audit~~audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our ~~audit~~audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our ~~audit~~audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our ~~audit~~audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since July of 2023

Spokane, Washington

Firm ID is 444

March 2111, ~~2024~~2025

~~F-2~~55 Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Solitario Resources Corp.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Solitario Resources Corp. (fka Solitario Zinc Corp.) (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Plante & Moran, PLLC

We served as the Company’s auditor from 2004 through 2023.

Denver, Colorado

March 15, 2023

F-3 Table of Contents

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share amounts)	December 31,			December 31,
(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share amounts)	December 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
	2024			2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	~~200~~81		$	~~316~~200
Short-term investments, at fair value		84,~~436~~523			38,~~951~~436
Investments in marketable equity securities, at fair value		1,~~032~~322			~~949~~1,032
Prepaid expenses and other		~~273~~66			38273
Total current assets		95,~~941~~992			59,~~254~~941
Mineral properties		16,~~646~~701			16,646
Other assets		170			134
Restricted cash – mineral property reclamation bonds		230			-
Total assets	$	26,757		$	22,034
Other assets		117			170
Total assets	$	23,040		$	26,757
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	~~593~~258		$	~~228~~593
Operating lease liability		39			35
Kinross call option liability		67			-
Total current liabilities		632			263
Operating lease liability		43			39
Long-term liabilities
Total current liabilities		368			632
Asset retirement obligation – Lik		125			125
Long-term liabilities:
Operating lease liability		50			-
Asset retirement obligation and reclamation liabilities		145			125
Total long-term liabilities		175			125
Operating lease liability		7			50
Total long-term liabilities		152			175
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares (none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022)		-			-
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares (none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023)		-			-
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized, 100,000,000 shares (79,586,358 and 64,801,373, respectively, shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022)		796			648
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized, 100,000,000 shares (81,638,418 and 79,586,358, respectively, shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023)		816			796
Additional paid-in capital		8284,~~796~~714			7482,~~886~~796
Accumulated deficit		(5763,~~642~~010	)		(5357,~~888~~642	)
Total shareholders' equity		2522,~~950~~520			2125,~~646~~950
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2623,~~757~~040		$	2226,~~034~~757

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~F-4~~56 Table of Contents

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except per share amounts)	For the years ended December 31,
	2023			2022
	2024			2023
Operating expenses
Exploration expense	$	24,~~378~~148		$	2,~~283~~378
Depreciation and amortization		25			29
Depreciation		27			25
General and administrative		1,~~712~~879			1,~~360~~712
Total operating expenses		46,~~115~~054			34,~~672~~115
Other (expense) income
Interest and dividend income		~~191~~372			~~131~~191
Other income		-			20
(Loss) gain on derivative instruments		(29	)		31
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments		31			(4	)
Gain on sale of marketable equity securities		54			-
Loss on sale of marketable equity securities		-			(201	)
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		-			56
Unrealized gain (loss) on short-term investments		56			(108	)
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities		289			83
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities		83			(94	)
Total other income		686			361
Total other income (expense)		361			(256	)
Net loss	$	(5,368	)	$	(3,754	)
Net loss	$	(3,754	)	$	(3,928	)
Net loss per common share
Basic and diluted	$	(0.0507	)	$	(0.0605	)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic and diluted		68,743			64,263
Basic and diluted (in thousands)		81,003			68,743

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~F-5~~57 Table of Contents

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ~~2023~~2024 AND ~~2022~~2023

(in thousands, of U.S. Dollars
(in thousands of U.S. Dollars)
except share amounts)					Additional					Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021		62,036,399	$	620	$	72,523	$	(49,960	)	$	23,183
Stock-based compensation						338					338
Issuance of shares – option exercises		114,250		1		29					30
Issuance of shares – ATM, net		2,650,724		27		1,996					2,023
Net loss		-		-		-		(3,928	)		(3,928	)
Balance at December 31, 2022		64,801,373	$	648	$	74,886	$	(53,888	)	$	21,646
Stock-based compensation expense						247					247
Issuance of shares – option exercises		1,486,500		15		444					459
Issuance of shares – private placements, net		12,798,485		128		6,969					7,097
Issuance of shares – services		500,000		5		250					255
Net loss		-		-		-		(3,754	)		(3,754	)
Balance at December 31, 2023		79,586,358	$	796	$	82,796	$	(57,642	)	$	25,950
Stock-based compensation expense						666					666
Issuance of shares – ATM		1,802,060		18		1,200					1,218
Issuance of shares – option exercises		250,000		2		52					54
Net loss		-		-		-		(5,368	)		(5,368	)
Balance at December 31, 2024		81,638,418	$	816	$	84,714	$	(63,010	)	$	22,520

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~F-6~~58 Table of Contents

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands of U.S. Dollars)	For the years endedDecember 31,
	2023			2022
	2024			2023
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(35,~~754~~368	)	$	(3,~~928~~754	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities		(83	)		94
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities		(289	)		(83	)
Unrealized (gain) loss on short-term investments		(56	)		108
Unrealized gain on short-term investments		-			(56	)
Loss on sale of marketable equity securities		-			201
Gain on sale of marketable equity securities		(54	)		-
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments		(31	)		4
Loss (gain) on derivative instruments		29			(31	)
Stock-based compensation expense		~~247~~666			~~338~~247
Depreciation		2527			2925
Amortization of right of use lease asset		4142			4041
Increase in asset retirement and reclamation liabilities		20			-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Current assets		20			265
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		207			20
Current liabilities		328			(51	)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(379	)		328
Net cash used in operating activities		(35,~~263~~099	)		(23,~~900~~263	)
Investing activities:
(Purchase) sale of short-term investments – net		(4,429	)		1,028
Sale (purchase) of short-term investments – net		3,913			(4,429	)
Additions to mineral property		-			(340	)
Additions to mineral properties		(55	)		-
Sale of marketable equity securities		-54			63-
Sale of derivative instruments – net		3138			-31
Additions to other assets		(1112	)		(5011	)
Net cash (used by) provided by investing activities		(43,~~409~~938	)		~~701~~(4,409	)
Financing activities:
Issuance of common stock from private placements – net of issuance costs		71,~~097~~218			27,~~023~~097
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options		~~459~~54			30459
Net cash provided by financing activities		71,~~556~~272			27,~~053~~556
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(116	)		(146	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		111			(116	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year		316			462
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year		200			316
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	200		$	316
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	$	311		$	200
Non-cash financing and investing activities:
Issuance of shares of common stock for services	$	~~255~~-		$	-255
Recognition of operating lease liability and right of use asset	$	87-		$	-87

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

~~F-7~~59 Table of Contents

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023

1. Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business and company formation

Solitario Resources Corp. (“Solitario,” or the “Company”) is an exploration stage company as defined by rules issued by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Solitario was incorporated in the state of Colorado on November 15, 1984 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Crown Resources Corporation. In July 1994, Solitario became a publicly traded company on the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) through its initial public offering. Solitario has been actively involved in mineral exploration since 1993. In June 2023, Solitario’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to change the Company’s name from Solitario Zinc Corp. to Solitario Resources Corp., and that name change was effected in July 2023. Solitario’s primary business is to acquire exploration mineral properties or royalties and/or discover economic deposits on its mineral properties and advance these deposits, either on its own or through joint ventures, up to the development stage. At or prior to development, Solitario would likely attempt to sell its mineral properties, pursue their development either independently or through a joint venture with a partner that has expertise in mining operations, or create a royalty with a third party that would continue to advance the property. Solitario has never developed a property. Solitario is primarily focused on the acquisition and exploration of precious metal, zinc and other base metal exploration mineral properties. In addition to focusing on its mineral exploration properties and the evaluation of mineral properties for acquisition, Solitario from time to time also evaluates potential strategic transactions for the acquisition of new precious and base metal properties and assets with exploration potential or business combinations that Solitario determines to be favorable to Solitario.

Solitario has recorded revenue in the past from the sale of mineral properties, including the sale of certain mineral royalties. Revenues and / or proceeds from the sale or joint venture of properties or assets, although potentially significant when they occur, have not been a consistent annual source of cash and would only occur in the future, if at all, on an infrequent basis.

Solitario currently considers its carried interest in the Florida Canyon zinc project in Peru (the “Florida Canyon ~~Project~~project"), its interest in the Lik zinc project in Alaska (the “Lik ~~Project~~project”), and its Golden Crest project in South Dakota (the “Golden Crest ~~Project~~project”) to be its core mineral property assets. Solitario also has its Cat Creek project, an early-stage exploration project in Colorado (the “Cat Creek project”). Nexa Resources, Ltd. (“Nexa”), Solitario’s joint venture partner, is continuing the exploration and furtherance of the Florida Canyon ~~Project~~project and Solitario is monitoring progress at the Florida Canyon project. Solitario is working with its 50% joint venture partner in the Lik ~~Project~~project, Teck American Incorporated, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teck Resources Limited (both companies are referred to as “Teck”), to further the exploration and evaluate potential development plans for the Lik ~~Project~~project. Solitario is conducting mineral exploration on the Golden Crest ~~Project~~project and the Cat Creek project on its own.

As of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, Solitario has balances of cash and short-term investments that Solitario anticipates using, in part, to further the development of the Florida Canyon project, the Lik project, ~~and~~ the Golden Crest project and the Cat Creek project, and to potentially acquire additional mineral property assets. The fluctuations in precious metal and other commodity prices contribute to a challenging environment for mineral exploration and development, which has created opportunities as well as challenges for the potential acquisition of early-stage and advanced mineral exploration projects or other related assets at potentially attractive terms.

Financial reporting

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Solitario and its wholly owned subsidiaries, the most significant of which are Zazu Metals Corporation, Zazu Metals (AK) Corp., and Minera Solitario Peru, S.A. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("generally accepted accounting principles") and are expressed in US dollars.

Revenue recognition

Solitario’s policy is to recognize revenue from the sale of its exploration mineral properties (those without reserves) on a property-by-property basis, computed as the cash received and / or collectable receivables less any capitalized cost. Payments received for the sale of exploration property interests that are less than the properties cost are recorded as a reduction of the related property's capitalized cost. In addition, Solitario’s policy is to recognize revenue on any receipts of joint venture property payments in excess of its capitalized costs on a property that Solitario may lease to another mining company. Solitario has not recorded revenue from the sale of exploration mineral properties or joint venture property payments during ~~2023~~2024 or ~~2022~~2023.

~~F-8~~60 Table of Contents

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of the more significant estimates included in the preparation of Solitario's financial statements pertain to: (i) the recoverability of its mineral properties related to its mineral exploration properties and their future exploration potential; (ii) the fair value of stock option grants to directors, officers, employees and consultants; and (iii) the ability of Solitario to realize its deferred tax assets.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents generally include investments securities with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents at December 31, ~~2023~~2024 include approximately $~~140~~44,000 held in brokerage accounts and foreign banks, which are not covered under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) rules for the United States.

Money ~~Market~~market ~~Funds~~funds

Solitario invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These funds invest in high-quality, short-term, diversified money market instruments, short-term treasury bills, federal agency securities, certificates of deposits, and commercial paper. Solitario includes its money market funds in short-term investments. Solitario believes the redemption value of these funds is likely to be the fair value, which is represented by the net asset value. Redemption is permitted daily without written notice. Solitario’s money market funds of $4,523,000 and $7,738,000, respectively, at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are included in short-term investments.

Restricted cash

Solitario’s restricted cash represents investments in certificates of deposit and are restricted primarily for reclamation funding or surety bonds. Restricted cash and cash equivalents balances are carried at fair value. Non-current restricted cash is reported in a separate line on the consolidated balance sheets and totaled $230,000 at December 31, 2024. There were no restricted cash amounts at December 31, 2023. Cash, excluding restricted cash, at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $81,000 and $200,000, respectively.

Short-term investments

Solitario’s ~~investments in~~ short-term ~~securities~~investments ~~are~~at ~~classified~~December as31, ~~held~~2024 ~~for~~consists ~~sale~~of ~~securities~~its ~~and~~investment ~~recorded~~of at$4,523,000 ~~their~~in ~~quoted~~a ~~fair~~money market ~~values. Interest~~account ~~income~~held ~~and unrealized gains or losses are recorded~~ in ~~the~~a ~~statement~~brokerage ~~of operations in the period when they occur~~firm. At December 31, 2023, Solitario’s ~~has~~short ~~United~~term ~~States~~investments ~~Treasury~~included ~~securities~~a ~~(“USTS”)~~money ~~with~~market ~~maturities~~account of ~~less than two months, recorded at their fair value of~~ $~~698~~7,738,000 ~~compared~~and toUnited ~~USTS~~States ~~recorded~~Treasury atSecurities ~~their~~(“USTS”) ~~fair value~~ of $3698,~~951,~~000 atwith ~~December~~maturities ~~31,~~between ~~2022. Solitario~~one ~~has~~and ~~included~~two ~~$7,738,000 in a money market fund held in a brokerage account in short-term investments~~months. ~~The~~Interest ~~short-term~~income ~~investments~~and ~~are~~unrealized ~~highly~~gains ~~liquid~~or ~~and~~losses ~~may~~are berecorded ~~sold~~ in ~~their~~the ~~entirety~~statement atof ~~any~~operations ~~time~~in atthe ~~their~~period ~~quoted~~when ~~market~~they ~~price and are classified as a current asset~~occur.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 the unrealized gain on USTS (increase) in the fair value of its short-term investments, due primarily to changes in interest rates on held securities, was $56,000. ~~During the year ended December 31, 2022 the unrealized loss (decrease) in the fair value of its short-term investments, due primarily to changes in interest rates on held securities, was $108,000.~~

Mineral properties

Solitario expenses all exploration costs incurred on its mineral properties prior to the establishment of proven and probable reserves through the completion of a feasibility study. Initial acquisition costs of its mineral properties are capitalized. Solitario regularly performs evaluations of its mineral properties to assess the recoverability and/or the residual value of its investments in these assets. All long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances change which indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, utilizing established guidelines based upon undiscounted future net cash flows from the asset or upon the determination that certain exploration properties do not have sufficient potential for economic mineralization.

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Derivative instruments

Solitario accounts for its derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, "Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). Solitario has entered into covered calls from time to time on its investment in Kinross Gold Corporation (“Kinross”) marketable equity securities. Solitario has not designated its covered calls as hedging instruments and any changes in the fair value of the covered calls are recognized in the statements of operations in the period of the change as gain or loss on derivative instruments.

F-9 Table of Contents

Fair value

Financial Accounting Standards Board ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”) establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. ASC 820 also requires disclosure about how fair value is determined for assets and liabilities and establishes a hierarchy for which these assets and liabilities must be grouped, based on significant levels of inputs as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 : Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability; or

Level 3 : Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

The determination of where assets and liabilities fall within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Solitario's short-term investments in USTS, money market investments, its marketable equity securities and any covered call options against those marketable equity securities are carried at their estimated fair value based on quoted market prices. See Note 8, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” below.

Marketable equity securities

Solitario's investments in marketable equity securities are carried at fair value, which is based upon quoted prices of the securities owned. Solitario records investments in marketable equity securities for investments in publicly traded marketable equity securities for which it does not exercise significant control and where Solitario has no representation on the board of directors of those companies and exercises no control over the management of those companies. The cost and realized gain or loss on marketable equity securities sold is determined by the specific identification method. Changes in fair value on Solitario’s holdings of marketable equity securities are recorded as unrealized gain or loss in the consolidated statement of operations.

Mineral property joint ventures

Solitario accounts for investments in companies and joint ventures in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. In determining whether significant influence exists, the Company considers its participation in policy-making decisions and representation on governing bodies. Under the equity method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee are included in net income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Solitario’s mineral property joint ventures represent cost sharing of project costs. Shared costs are expensed as incurred. Solitario does not apply equity-method accounting nor consolidate the operations of Lik, Florida Canyon or Bongara joint ventures as it does not exercise significant control over these projects.

Foreign exchange

The United States dollar is the functional currency for Solitario and all of Solitario's foreign subsidiaries. Foreign currency gains and losses are included in the results of operations in the period in which they occur.

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Income taxes

Solitario accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, income tax expense or benefit are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes related to certain income and expenses recognized in different periods for financial and income tax reporting purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses, carryovers and tax credits that are available to offset future taxable income and income taxes, respectively. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company's financial statements. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. ASC 740 provides that a company's tax position will be considered settled if the taxing authority has completed its examination, the company does not plan to appeal, and it is remote that the taxing authority would reexamine the tax position in the future. These provisions of ASC 740 had no effect on Solitario's financial position or results of operations. See Note 6, “Income Taxes,” below.

Earnings per share

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023. Potentially dilutive shares, consisting of outstanding common stock options of 35,~~828~~348,500 and 53,~~390~~828,~~000~~500, respectively, exercisable for Solitario common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 because the effects were anti-dilutive.

Employee stock compensation and incentive plans

Solitario classifies all of its stock options as equity options in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” Solitario calculates grant date fair value of options based upon a Black-Scholes model utilizing the vesting term of the option, the grant date historical volatility and the risk-free interest rate on the date of grant. The grant date fair value is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting term of the option, and the stock-based compensation is charged to the statement of operations and credited to additional-paid-in-capital. Solitario accounts for forfeitures in the year they occur. See Note 10, “Employee Stock Compensation Plans,” below.

Reclamation and asset retirement obligations

Reclamation obligations associated with Solitario’s exploration activities are recognized when an obligation is incurred, can be reasonably estimated and not concurrently remediated. Expected reclamation costs are periodically reviewed and adjusted to reflect changes related to on-going exploration activities, inflation and on-going activities that reduce potential future reclamation liabilities. Exploration reclamation liabilities on properties without asset retirement obligations are charged to expense when incurred.

Solitario does not apply a discount rate to its asset retirement obligation as the estimated time frame for reclamation on its exploration projects is not currently known, as reclamation is not expected to occur until the end of project life, which would follow future development and operations, the start of which cannot be estimated or assured at this time. Additionally, no depreciation will be recorded on the related asset for the asset retirement obligation until the project goes into operation, which cannot be assured.

Segment reporting

Solitario operates as a single operating segment in accordance with FASB ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. All financial information is presented on a consolidated basis and reviewed by Solitario’s Chief Executive Officer as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The CODM uses consolidated net loss, as presented in the consolidated statement of operations, to assess segment performance and allocate resources. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets.

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Adopted accounting pronouncements

The Company has adopted ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” This amended guidance applies to all public entities and aims to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In August 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-05, Business Combinations - Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement, which clarifies the business combination accounting for joint venture formations. The amendments in the ASU seek to reduce diversity in practice that has resulted from a lack of authoritative guidance regarding the accounting for the formation of joint ventures in separate financial statements. The amendments also seek to clarify the initial measurement of joint venture net assets, including businesses contributed to a joint venture. The guidance is applicable to all entities involved in the formation of a joint venture. The amendments are effective for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. Early adoption and retrospective application of the amendments are permitted. Solitario does not anticipate early adoption. Solitario is evaluating the new guidance and has not yet determined the impact of ASU ~~No.~~ 2023-05 on its consolidated financial statements.

FIn December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-1109, ~~Table~~Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, amending income tax disclosure requirements for the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are applied prospectively. Early adoption and retrospective application of ~~Contents~~the amendments are permitted. Solitario does not anticipate early adoption. Solitario does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures, amending income tax disclosure requirements for the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and are applied prospectively. Early adoption and retrospective application of the amendments are permitted. Solitario does not anticipate early adoption. Solitario does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Risks and Uncertainties

Solitario is subject to various risks and uncertainties that are specific to the nature of its business and the exploration of its mineral properties. Solitario also faces various macro-economic risks and uncertainties, such as risks related to health epidemics, pandemics, and other outbreaks or resurgences of communicable diseases, the occurrence of natural disasters, ~~environmental impacts including compliance with environmental laws and permitting requirements,~~ rising geopolitical tension and instability, acts of war or terrorism, global economic uncertainty, inflationary pressures, ~~increased~~ interest ~~rates~~rate volatility, and volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets. ~~These risks and uncertainties could significantly disrupt Solitario’s operations and may materially and adversely affect its business and financial condition.~~

Solitario will continue taking proactive steps to monitor and address the impacts of these risks and uncertainties on its operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Such steps may include, for example, modifying the scope of exploration projects to the extent necessary to respond to public-health emergencies, a step Solitario and its joint venture partners took to address the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; reducing costs and increasing operational efficiency in response to inflationary stress and economic downturn; and performing ongoing evaluations of the potential impacts of market volatility, general economic uncertainty, and rising geopolitical tension on Solitario’s ability to access future traditional funding sources on the same or reasonably similar terms as in past periods. While Solitario will continue to monitor and address the effects of these risks and uncertainties, the extent to which they ultimately impact Solitario’s business, including its exploration and other activities and the market for its securities, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

2. Mineral Properties:

The following table details Solitario’s capitalized mineral ~~property~~properties:

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2023		2022
	2024		2023
Exploration
Lik project (Alaska – US)	$	15,611	$	15,611
Golden Crest (South Dakota – US)		1,~~035~~078		1,035
Total exploration mineral property	$	16,646	$	16,646
Cat Creek (Colorado – US)		12		-
Total exploration mineral properties	$	16,701	$	16,646

Exploration property

Solitario's exploration mineral properties at December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 consist of use rights related to its exploration properties. The amounts capitalized as mineral properties include initial concession and lease or option acquisition costs. At December 31, ~~2023~~2024, none of Solitario’s exploration properties have production (are operating) or have established proven or probable reserves. Solitario's exploration mineral properties represent interests in properties that Solitario believes have exploration and development potential.

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Golden Crest

On May 27, 2021, Solitario entered into a lease agreement (the “Golden Crest Agreement”) whereby Solitario acquired exclusive exploration rights in certain claims (the “GC Claims”) in the Black Hills region of South Dakota. The GC Claims are part of Solitario’s Golden Crest project. Terms of the Golden Crest Agreement include scheduled payments to the underlying owner of $65,000 paid upon signing and a required payment to the underlying owner of $60,000 at the first anniversary date during 2022. Solitario recorded an initial acquisition cost of $125,000 during 2021 related to these required payments. In addition, to continue the lease, Solitario has agreed to pay, at its option, the underlying owner escalating annual payments over five years that total $340,000 and annual payments of $150,000 thereafter, which will be expensed as paid. All required payments have been made through December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023. Solitario has agreed to pay the underlying owner an additional success fee of $1.00 per ounce of gold in the event Solitario files a 43-101 qualified resource of up to 1.5 million ounces of gold or a maximum of $1,500,000. In order to maintain the leases in good standing, Solitario has agreed to escalating work commitments on the GC Claims and an area of interest around the GC claims totaling $3,000,000 during the first five years of the lease, with first and second-year minimum exploration expenditures of $~~200~~400,000 during ~~2022~~2023, and $~~400~~600,000 during ~~2023~~2024, which Solitario exceeded during both ~~2022~~2023 and ~~2023~~2024. The term of the Golden Crest Agreement is for twenty years and is automatically extended as long as Solitario is performing any exploration, development or mining activities on the GC Claims. The underlying owner retained a 2.0% Net Smelter Return royalty. Solitario will have the option, but not the obligation, to reduce the Net Smelter Return royalty to 1.0% by paying the owner $1,000,000.

~~F-12~~Through ~~Table~~December 31, 2024, Solitario has staked additional mineral claims, including some claims included in an area of ~~Contents~~interest of the GC Claims and claims not related to the GC Claims, as part of the Golden Crest project. As of December 31, 2024, Solitario has capitalized costs for staking, initial filing fees, legal and other costs of $1,078,000 as initial acquisition costs related to the Golden Crest project. During 2024 Solitario purchased a certificate of deposit of $100,000 for reclamation bonding as part of the Golden Crest drilling permit received and is recorded as restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024.

Through December 31, 2023, Solitario has staked additional mineral claims, including some claims included in an area of interest of the GC Claims and claims not related to the GC Claims, as part of the Golden Crest project. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 Solitario has capitalized costs for staking, initial filing fees, legal and other costs of $1,035,000 as initial acquisition costs related to the Golden Crest project.

Lik Property

Solitario holds a 50% operating interest in the Lik zinc-lead sliver property in northwest Alaska, which we acquired as part of the acquisition of Zazu Metals Corporation (“Zazu”) in July 2017. Solitario recorded its acquisition cost of $15,611,000 as mineral property at the date of acquisition. Teck is Solitario’s 50% partner on the Lik ~~Project~~project and acted as the project manager during ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023. Teck and Solitario share exploration expenditures at Lik on a 50/50 basis, with Teck earning a manager’s fee of ten percent of the total expenditures of which Solitario contributes one-half to Teck. All of Solitario’s share of expenditures at Lik are included in exploration expense for the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023.

Florida Canyon

Solitario has an interest in its Florida Canyon exploration concessions, which are currently subject to a joint venture agreement where joint venture partners made stand-by joint venture payments to Solitario prior to January 1, 2015. Solitario previously recorded joint venture property payment revenue received in excess of capitalized costs. Per the joint venture agreement, as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, no further standby joint-venture payments are due to Solitario on the Florida Canyon project. At December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, Solitario has no remaining capitalized costs related to its Florida Canyon joint venture. Per the joint venture agreement with Nexa covering the Florida Canyon project, Solitario currently holds a 39% interest in the Florida Canyon project. Nexa is required to fund 100% of exploration expenditures at the Florida Canyon project, until Nexa commits to put the project into production based upon a positive feasibility study, at which time Nexa’s interest will increase from its current 61% interest to a 70% interest.

Cat Creek

During 2023 Solitario entered into a lease agreement with Cat Creek LLC, the underlying owner of certain mineral claims in Colorado covering the Cat Creek project (the “Cat Creek Agreement”). During 2024 Solitario capitalized its initial payments of $12,000 related to the Cat Creek project. Per the terms of the Cat Creek Agreement, to maintain the lease, Solitario has agreed to pay, at its option, additional annual payments totaling $127,000 through July 2028, of which $12,000 has been paid through December 31, 2024. In addition, to maintain the lease, Solitario has agreed to escalating work commitments on the Cat Creek claims and the related area of interest around the Cat Creek claims totaling $2,270,000 through December 31, 2029, with additional work commitments totaling $750,000 per year until December 2033. Solitario has exceeded the minimum exploration expenditure required through December 31, 2024. The underlying owner retained a 2.0% Net Smelter Return royalty. Solitario will have the option, but not the obligation, to reduce the Net Smelter Return royalty to 1.0% by paying the owner $1,000,000. During 2024 Solitario purchased a certificate of deposit of $130,000 for reclamation bonding as part of the Cat Creek drilling permit received and is recorded as restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2024.

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Exploration Expense

The following items comprised exploration expense:

	For the year endedDecember 31,
(in thousands)	~~2023~~2024		~~2022~~2023
Geologic and field expenses	$	23,~~176~~939	$	2,~~121~~176
Administrative		~~202~~209		~~162~~202
Total exploration expense	$	24,~~378~~148	$	2,~~283~~378

Asset Retirement Obligation and Reclamation Liabilities

Solitario recorded an asset retirement obligation of $125,000 upon the acquisition of the Lik project for Solitario’s estimated reclamation cost of the existing disturbance at the Lik project. This disturbance consists of an exploration camp including certain drill sites and access roads at the camp. The estimate was based upon estimated cash costs for reclamation as determined by Solitario and its joint venture partner Teck and is supported by a permitting bond required by the State of Alaska, for which Solitario has retained a reclamation bond insurance policy in the event Solitario or its 50% partner, Teck, do not complete required reclamation.

AsSolitario ofhas ~~December~~not ~~31,~~applied ~~2023~~a ~~and~~discount ~~2022,~~rate ~~Solitario~~to ~~has~~the norecorded ~~reclamation~~asset ~~liability~~retirement atobligation ~~its Florida Canyon project~~ as ~~Nexa~~the isestimated ~~responsible~~time frame for ~~the~~reclamation ~~costs~~is atnot ~~Florida~~currently ~~Canyon~~known, ~~including~~as completion reclamation, ifis ~~any.~~not Inexpected ~~addition,~~to ~~the~~occur ~~activities~~until tothe ~~date~~end atof ~~Solitario’s~~the ~~Golden~~related ~~Crest~~ project oflife, ~~staking~~which ~~claims~~would ~~and~~follow ~~mapping,~~future ~~soil~~development and ~~rock sampling~~operations, ~~and~~the ~~assaying~~start ~~have~~of ~~not~~which ~~created~~cannot ~~any~~be ~~material~~estimated ~~environmental~~ or ~~other~~assured ~~disturbances.~~at ~~Historically~~this ~~Solitario’s~~time. ~~exploration~~Additionally, ~~activities~~no ~~have~~depreciation ~~not~~will ~~resulted~~be inrecorded ~~any~~on ~~long-term~~the ~~environmental~~related ~~disturbances~~asset orfor ~~liabilities~~the ~~and~~asset ~~where~~retirement ~~there~~obligation ~~have~~until ~~been~~the ~~required~~Lik ~~restoration~~project ofgoes ~~disturbances~~into operation, ~~these~~which ~~have~~cannot ~~been~~be ~~completed contemporaneously with the completion of our mineral exploration activities~~assured.

~~F-13~~As ~~Table~~of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Solitario has no reclamation liability at its Florida Canyon project as Nexa is responsible for the costs at Florida Canyon, including reclamation, if any. In addition, the activities to date at Solitario’s Cat Creek project of ~~Contents~~staking claims and mapping, soil and rock sampling, and assaying have not created any material environmental or other disturbances.

AsSolitario ofis ~~December~~also ~~31,~~involved ~~2023~~in ~~and~~certain ~~2022~~matters ~~Solitario~~concerning ~~has~~its no2024 ~~reclamation~~drilling ~~liability~~program remediation at its Golden Crest project. Generally, asthe ~~all~~bulk of ~~the~~remediation ~~activities to date~~ at Golden Crest ~~have~~associated ~~consisted~~with ofits ~~hand-collected~~2024 ~~surface~~drilling ~~sampling~~program was carried out concurrently with drilling activities, with only ongoing contouring and ~~related~~reseeding ~~non-disturbance~~of ~~geophysical~~drill ~~studies.~~sites ~~Certain~~remaining ~~minimal~~as ~~disturbances~~of December 31, ~~such~~2024. asAt ~~trenching~~December 31, ~~which~~2024, Solitario has ~~been~~recorded ~~limited~~a toreclamation ~~existing~~liability ~~roads~~of $20,000, ~~are~~included ~~concurrently~~in ~~remediated~~asset retirement and doreclamation ~~not~~liabilities ~~require~~related ~~on-going~~to orthe ~~future~~Golden ~~reclamation~~Crest project.

3. Marketable Equity Securities

During ~~2022~~2024 Solitario sold 1100,~~250,~~000 shares of ~~Vendetta~~Highlander Silver Corp. common stock for proceeds of $6354,000 and recorded a realized ~~loss~~gain on sale of $~~201~~54,000. Solitario did not sell any of its marketable equity securities during 2023.

At December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 Solitario owns the following marketable equity securities:

As of December 31, 2023

As of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2024

As of December 31, 2023

Fair value(000’s)

Kinross Gold Corp

100,000

~~605~~927

100,000

~~409~~605

Vendetta Mining Corp.

7,750,000

~~118~~81

7,750,000

~~229~~118

Vox Royalty Corp.

134,055

~~276~~314

134,055

~~311~~276

Highlander Silver Corp.

~~200,000~~-

33-

~~200~~100,000

-33

Total

1,~~032~~322

~~949~~1,032

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The following tables summarize Solitario’s marketable equity securities and adjustments to fair value:

(in thousands)	Year endedDecember 31,
	2023			2022
	2024			2023
Marketable equity securities at cost	$	1,440		$	1,440
Cumulative unrealized loss on marketable equity securities		(~~408~~118	)		(~~491~~408	)
Marketable equity securities at fair value	$	1,~~032~~322		$	~~949~~1,032

The following table represents changes in marketable equity securities:

(in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Cost of marketable equity securities sold	$	-	$	264
Realized loss on marketable equity securities sold		-		(201	)
Proceeds from the sale of marketable equity securities sold		-		(63	)
Net gain (loss) on marketable equity securities		83		(295	)
Change in marketable equity securities at fair value	$	83	$	(358	)

The following table represents the realized and unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities:

(in thousands)	Year ~~endedDecember~~ended December 31,
	2023		2022
	2024		2023
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities	$	83	$	(94	)
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities	$	290	$	83
Realized loss on marketable equity securities sold		-		(201	)
Realized gain on marketable equity securities sold		54		-
Net gain (loss) on marketable equity securities	$	83	$	(295	)
Net gain on marketable equity securities	$	344	$	83

Other Income

During 2022, Solitario sold rights to certain exploration data on a non-owned mineral property upon which Solitario had previously done exploration activities. The data was sold to Highlander Silver Corp., a Canadian exploration company (“Highlander”) for $20,000 cash and 200,000 shares of Highlander common stock. On the date of sale, the Highlander common stock carried a restrictive legend. The shares were not available for trade on the date of sale and at December 31, 2022 and no value has been assigned to the common stock as of December 31, 2022. Solitario recorded $20,000 of other income on the date of the sale. The change to the value of the Highlander common stock owned by Solitario during 2023 was included in the changes in value of marketable equity securities.

F-14 Table of Contents

4. Operating Lease

Solitario leases one facility, its Wheat Ridge, Colorado administrative office (the “WR Lease”), that has a term of more than one year. Solitario has no other significant operating lease costs. The WR Lease was extended in October 2023 to February 2026 and Solitario recorded a net increase in right of use assets of $87,000 during 2023 upon the extension of the WR Lease. The WR Lease is classified as an operating lease and has a remaining term of 2614 months at December 31, ~~2023~~2024. The right-of-use office lease asset for the WR Lease is classified as other assets and the related liability as a current office lease liability, for the portion of the liability due in one year and a long-term liability for the balance in the consolidated balance sheet. Lease expense is recognized over the lease term, with variable lease payments recognized in the period those payments are incurred.

During ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, Solitario recognized $4142,000 and $4041,000, respectively, of lease expense for the WR Lease included in general and administrative expense. Cash lease payments of $4044,000 and $3940,000, respectively, were made on the WR Lease during ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023. The discount rate within the WR Lease is not determinable and Solitario applied a discount rate of 7% based upon Solitario’s estimate of its cost of capital in recording the WR Lease. Solitario has $9652,000 remaining cash payments as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, of which $2,000 is imputed interest on the WR Lease, and Solitario has recorded the remaining $50,000 lease liability as $43,000 as a current liability and $7,000 as non-current liability in the consolidated balance sheet.

The following is supplemental cash flow information related to our operating lease for 2023 and 2022:

(in thousands)	Year ended December 31, 2023		Year ended December 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from WR Lease payments	$	40	$	39
Non-cash amounts related to the WR lease:
Right of use assets recorded in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	87	$	-

5. Other Assets

The following items comprised other assets:

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2023		2022
	2024		2023
Furniture and fixtures, net of accumulated depreciation	$	8366	$	9783
Right of use office lease asset		8347		3383
Exploration bonds and other assets		4		4
Total other assets	$	~~170~~117	$	~~134~~170

~~F-15~~6. ~~Table~~Income ofTaxes ~~Contents~~:

6.The ~~Income~~net ~~Taxes~~deferred income tax assets/liabilities in the December 31, 2024 and 2023 consolidated balance sheets include the following components:

The net deferred income tax assets/liabilities in the December 31, 2023 and 2022 consolidated balance sheets include the following components:

(in thousands)	2024			2023
Deferred tax assets:
Loss carryovers	$	12,806		$	12,403
Mineral Property		1,669			1,669
Capitalized Exploration Costs		1,771			841
Stock option compensation expense		292			129
Other		162			175
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		29			100
Lease Liability		12			19
Valuation allowance		(16,722	)		(15,301	)
Total deferred tax assets		19			35
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized gains on marketable equity securities		-			1
Lease Asset		11			21
Basis difference on fixed assets		8			13
Total deferred tax liabilities		19			35
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	-		$	-

(in thousands)	2023			2022
Deferred tax assets:
Loss carryovers	$	12,403		$	11,652
Mineral Property		1,669			1,669
Capitalized Exploration Costs		841			778
Stock option compensation expense		129			152
Unrealized loss on derivative securities		-			121
Other		175			65
Unrealized loss on short-term investments		100			20
Lease Liability		19			9
Valuation allowance		(15,301	)		(14,309	)
Total deferred tax assets		35			157
Deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized gains on marketable equity securities		1			149
Lease Asset		21			8
Basis difference on fixed assets		13			-
Total deferred tax liabilities		35			157
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	-		$	-

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~~F-16~~The ~~Table~~U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate for 2024 is 21%. The reconciliation of ~~Contents~~the expected income tax expense (benefit) and the actual income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:

The U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate for 2023 is 21%. The reconciliation of the expected income tax expense (benefit) and the actual income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:

(in thousands)	2024			2023
Expected income tax benefit	$	(1,127	)	$	(788	)
Equity based compensation		-			(23	)
Foreign tax rate differences		(7	)		(19	)
State income tax		(181	)		(160	)
Change in valuation allowance		1,421			992
Prior year return reconciliation		(104	)		-
Permanent differences and other		(2	)		(2	)
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	-		$	-

(in thousands)	2023			2022
Expected income tax benefit	$	(788	)	$	(825	)
Equity based compensation		(23	)		238
Foreign tax rate differences		(19	)		(3	)
State income tax		(160	)		(166	)
Expiration of Capital Loss and Foreign Tax Credit Carryovers		-			18
Adjustment to Deferred Taxes		-			11
Foreign currency exchange		-			968
Change in valuation allowance		992			(251	)
Change in Tax Rates		-			13
Permanent differences and other		(2	)		(3	)
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	-		$	-

Solitario has U.S. Federal net operating loss (NOL) carryovers of $27,471,000 as of December 31, 2024. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCIA”) Federal NOL’s incurred in taxable years beginning in 2018 and later have an indefinite carryforward period, but the use of the NOL carryover is limited to 80% of taxable income in the subsequent year. Federal NOL carryovers incurred prior to 2018 expire after 20 years. Solitario has $12,769,000 of Federal NOL carryovers incurred prior to 2018 which begin expiring in 2027. Solitario has State NOL carryovers in Colorado, Montana, and Alaska of $27,833,000 which begin expiring in 2026. Solitario has Canadian and Peruvian NOL carryovers of $19,155,000 which begin expiring in 2027. Solitario has U.S. Federal and State capital loss carryovers of $414,000 which begin expiring in 2026. NOL carryovers and capital loss carryovers are a benefit to Solitario in the form of future tax savings and such carryovers are recorded as deferred tax assets, subject to a valuation allowance. Solitario has provided a valuation allowance of 100% of its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of generating future profits that would allow for the realization of such deferred tax assets.

Solitario has U.S. Federal net operating loss (NOL) carryovers of $25,943,000 as of December 31, 2023. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCIA”) Federal NOL’s incurred in taxable years beginning in 2018 and later have an indefinite carryforward period, but the use of the NOL carryover is limited to 80% of taxable income in the subsequent year. Federal NOL carryovers incurred prior to 2018 expire after 20 years. Solitario has Federal NOL carryovers incurred prior to 2018 which begin expiring in 2027. Solitario has State NOL carryovers in Colorado, Montana, and Alaska of $25,996,000 which begin expiring in 2026. Solitario has Canadian and Peruvian NOL carryovers of $19,118,000 which begin expiring in 2026. Solitario has U.S. Federal and State capital loss carryovers of $468,000 which begin expiring in 2025. NOL carryovers and capital loss carryovers are a benefit to Solitario in the form of future tax savings and such carryovers are recorded as deferred tax assets, subject to a valuation allowance. Solitario has provided a valuation allowance of 100% of its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of generating future profits that would allow for the realization of such deferred tax assets.

7. Derivative Instruments:

~~Covered~~From time-to-time Solitario has sold covered call options: against its holdings of shares of common stock of Kinross included in Marketable Equity Securities. The business purpose of selling covered calls is to provide additional income on a limited portion of shares of Kinross that Solitario may sell in the near term, which is generally defined as less than one year and any changes in the fair value of its covered calls are recognized in the statement of operations in the period of the change. During 2024, Solitario sold covered calls against its holdings of Kinross for net proceeds of $38,000, recorded an unrecognized loss of $29,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024 and recorded a liability for its outstanding covered call at December 31, 2024 of $67,000. At December 31, 2024 Solitario has outstanding covered calls against all of its holdings of Kinross common stock with an exercise price of $10.00 per share with an exercise date of May 16, 2025. During 2023, Solitario sold covered calls against its holdings of Kinross for cash proceeds of $31,000 all of which expired unexercised.

From time-to-time Solitario has sold covered call options against its holdings of shares of common stock of Kinross included in Marketable Equity Securities. The business purpose of selling covered calls is to provide additional income on a limited portion of shares of Kinross that Solitario may sell in the near term, which is generally defined as less than one year and any changes in the fair value of its covered calls are recognized in the statement of operations in the period of the change. During 2023, Solitario sold covered calls against its holdings of Kinross for cash proceeds of $31,000 all of which expired unexercised.

Warrants:

During 2022, Solitario recorded a loss of $4,000 related to certain Vendetta warrants it held, which expired unexercised during 2022.

F-17 Table of Contents

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

For certain of Solitario's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their short maturities. Solitario's marketable equity securities, including its investment in shares of Kinross common stock, Vendetta common stock, and Vox Royalty common stock are carried at their estimated fair value based on publicly available quoted market prices.

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Solitario applies ASC 820 that establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements within a hierarchy between Level 1: quoted market prices; Level 2 quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities; and Level 3: unobservable inputs with little or no market data.

The determination of where assets and liabilities fall within this hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. During the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, there were no reclassifications in financial assets or liabilities between Level 1, 2 or 3 categories.

The following is a listing of Solitario’s financial assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis and where they are classified within the hierarchy as of December 31, 2024:

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Short-term investments	$	4,523	$	-	$	-	$	4,523
Marketable equity securities	$	1,322	$	-	$	-	$	1,322
Liabilities
Kinross calls	$	67	$	-	$	-	$	67

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Short-term investments	$	8,436	$	-	$	-	$	8,436
Marketable equity securities	$	1,032	$	-	$	-	$	1,032

(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Short-term investments	$	3,951	$	-	$	-	$	3,951
Marketable equity securities	$	949	$	-	$	-	$	949

Items measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Short-term investments: At December 31, 2024 and 2023 Solitario has $4,523,000 and ~~2022~~$7,738,000, respectively, in a money market account included in short-term investments. In addition, at December 31, 2023, Solitario’s holdings ofinclude short-term investments ~~consist~~ of USTS recorded at their fair values of $698,000 ~~and $3,951,000, respectively,~~ based upon quoted market prices.

InMarketable ~~addition,~~equity atsecurities: At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of Solitario’s ~~has~~holdings $7in shares of Vendetta,~~738~~ Kinross,~~000~~ inand aVox ~~money~~Royalty ~~market~~marketable ~~account~~equity ~~included~~securities inare ~~short-term~~based ~~investments~~upon quoted market prices.

~~Marketable~~During ~~equity~~the ~~securities:~~year Atended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, ~~the fair value of~~ Solitario’s ~~holdings~~did innot ~~shares~~change any of ~~Vendetta,~~the ~~Kinross,~~valuation ~~and~~techniques ~~Vox~~used ~~marketable~~to ~~equity~~measure ~~securities~~its ~~are~~financial ~~based~~assets ~~upon~~and ~~quoted~~liabilities ~~market~~at ~~prices~~fair value.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Solitario did not change any of the valuation techniques used to measure its financial assets and liabilities at fair value.

9. Commitments and Contingencies:

InAt ~~acquiring~~December ~~its~~31, ~~interests~~2024 ~~in mineral claims~~ and ~~leases~~2023, Solitario has ~~entered~~recorded ~~into~~an ~~lease~~asset ~~agreements,~~retirement ~~which~~and ~~may~~reclamation beliability ~~canceled~~obligation atof ~~its~~$145,000 ~~option without penalty. Solitario is required to make minimum rental~~ and ~~option~~$125,000, ~~payments~~respectively, inrelated ~~order~~ to ~~maintain~~ its ~~interests~~Lik inand ~~certain~~Golden ~~claims~~Crest ~~and leases~~projects. See Note 2, “Mineral Properties,” above. Solitario estimates its 2024 property claim, lease and option payments for properties Solitario owns, has under joint venture or Solitario operates to be approximately $1,606,000. Assuming that Solitario’s joint ventures continue in their current status and that Solitario does not appreciably change its property positions on existing properties, approximately $1,220,000 of these estimated 2024 property claim, lease and rental payments are paid or are reimbursable to us by Solitario’s joint venture partners. Solitario may be required to make further payments in the future if it acquires new properties or enters into new agreements.

FSolitario leases office space under a non-18cancelable ~~Table~~operating lease for the Wheat Ridge, Colorado office which provides for future total minimum rent payments as of ~~Contents~~December 31, 2024 of $52,000 through February 2026.

10. Employee Stock Compensation Plans:

On June 18, 2013, Solitario’s shareholders approved the 2013 Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp. Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2013 Plan”), which expired in April 2023. Under the terms of the 2013 Plan, a total of 5,750,000 shares of Solitario common stock are reserved for awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants. The 2013 plan permitted the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board of Directors”) or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors to grant awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units. As of December 31, 2023, the 2013 Plan has expired and no additional awards may be granted under the 2013 Plan, although awards made prior to the 2013 Plan’s expiration will remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. The outstanding awards under the 2013 Plan are detailed below.

On69 ~~June~~Table ~~20, 2023, Solitario’s shareholders approved the 2023 Solitario Stock and Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). Under the terms~~ of the 2023 Plan, a total of 5,000,000 shares of Solitario common stock are reserved for awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants. Awards may take the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The terms and conditions of the awards are pursuant to the 2023 Plan and are granted by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors. The 2023 Plan has a term of 10 years. As of December 31, 2023, awards for a total of 50,000 options have been granted under the 2023 Plan.Contents

On June 20, 2023, Solitario’s shareholders approved the 2023 Solitario Stock and Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). Under the terms of the 2023 Plan, a total of 5,000,000 shares of Solitario common stock are reserved for awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants. Awards may take the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The terms and conditions of the awards are pursuant to the 2023 Plan and are granted by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors. The 2023 Plan has a term of 10 years. As of December 31, 2024, awards for a total of 2,175,000 options have been granted under the 2023 Plan.

a.) Stock option grants

The following table shows the grant date fair value of Solitario’s awards during ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 pursuant to the ~~2013~~2023 Plan. There ~~and~~were no grants under the ~~2023~~2013 Plan: in 2024 or 2023.

Grant Date	1106/1607/~~23 (1)~~24			911/816/2223 (1)
Plan	2023 Plan			~~2013~~2023 Plan
Option – grant date price	$	0.5185		$	0.6051
Options granted		502,125,000			250,~~360,~~000
Expected life years		5.0			5.0
Expected volatility		72	%		7372	%
Risk free interest rate		4.43	%		34.4	%
Weighted average fair value	$	0.3253		$	0.3732
Grant date fair value	$	161,120,000		$	~~876~~16,000

(1)

Option grants have a five-year term, and vest 25% on date of grant and 25% on each of the next three anniversary dates.

F-19 Table of Contents

b.) Stock option activity

During ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, options for 1250,~~486,500~~000 and ~~114~~1,~~250~~486,500, respectively, shares of common stock were exercised for proceeds of $~~459~~54,~~315~~000 and $30459,000 respectively. The following table summarizes the activity for stock options outstanding under the 2023 Plan and the 2013 Plan for the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023:

	2023							2022
	2024							2023
				Weighted							Weighted
				Average		Aggregate					Average		Aggregate
				Exercise		Intrinsic					Exercise		Intrinsic
	Options			Price		Value (1)(2)		Options			Price		Value (1)(2)
Outstanding, beginning of year		53,~~390~~828,~~000~~500		$	0.4247				5,~~513~~390,000		$	0.4942
Granted		502,125,000		$	0.5185				250,~~360,~~000		$	0.6051
Exercised		(1250,~~486,500~~000	)	$	0.3122	$	~~338~~144,000		(~~114~~1,~~250~~486,500	)	$	0.2631	$	338,000
Expired		-		$					~~(2,360,000~~-	)	$	~~0.77~~
Forfeited		(~~125~~355,000	)	$	0.3160				(8125,~~750~~000	)	$	0.2031
Outstanding, end of year		35,~~828~~348,500		$	0.4762	$	1405,~~034,~~000		53,~~390~~828,~~000~~500		$	0.4247	$	1,034,000
Exercisable, end of year		23,~~576~~228,~~000~~500		$	0.4152	$	~~899~~403,000		32,~~227~~576,~~500~~000		$	0.3441	$	899,000

	(1)	Intrinsic value based upon December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023 price of a share of Solitario common stock as quoted on the NYSE American exchange of $0.5659 and $0.6256, respectively, per share.
	(2)	For options exercised during 2024 and 2023 the intrinsic value based upon the price of a share of Solitario common stock as quoted on the NYSE American on the date of exercise of each option.

During the years ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 and ~~2022~~2023, Solitario recorded $~~247~~666,000 and $~~338~~247,000, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense under ~~the~~its 2023 Plan and ~~the~~ 2013 Plan for the amortization of the grant date fair value of each of its outstanding options with a credit to additional paid-in-capital. At December 31, ~~2023~~2024, the total unrecognized stock option compensation cost related to non-vested options is $~~387~~841,000 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2025 months. At December 31, ~~2023~~2024, the average remaining contractual life of Solitario’s outstanding options is 2.9 years. At December 31, ~~2023~~2024, the average remaining contractual life of Solitario’s vested options is 2.42 years.

~~F-20~~70 Table of Contents

11. Shareholders’ Equity

Private Placements

On July 31, 2023, Solitario entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) with Newmont Overseas Exploration Ltd. (“Newmont”), for the purchase and sale of 4,166,667 shares of Solitario common stock (the “Newmont Shares”), at a price of $0.60 per share for net proceeds of $2,422,000 after certain legal and regulatory offering costs of $78,000. In connection with the sale of the Newmont Shares, Solitario and Newmont entered into an Investor Rights Agreement, which granted Newmont certain additional rights, including a preemptive right, certain anti-dilution protections and certain other rights and notice provisions related to Solitario’s Gold Crest mineral property assets.

On October 13, 2023, Solitario completed a private placement of 8,631,818 shares of its common stock (the “Shares”) at a price of $0.55 per share for net proceeds of $4,727,000 after certain legal and regulatory offering costs of $21,000. The sale of the Shares was made through a subscription agreement between Solitario and each respective investor. The Shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under United States and Canadian securities laws. No officers, directors or other affiliates of Solitario participated in the private placement. Investors in the private placement were provided certain registration rights with respect to the Shares they purchased. Solitario did not engage an underwriter or placement agent for the private placement, and therefore there were no underwriter discounts or commissions or placement agent fees.

On November 16, 2023, Solitario entered into a consulting and capital markets advisory contract (the “Consulting Contract”) with an independent advisory firm, in ~~exchange~~consideration for the issuance of 500,000 shares which were issued on December 6, 2023, at the closing market price of $0.51 per share as quoted on the NYSE-American. The issuance of the ~~Shares~~shares was made through a subscription agreement between Solitario and the advisory firm. The ~~Shares~~shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from registration under United States and Canadian securities laws. The Consulting Contract is for a period of one-year and Solitario recorded a pre-paid expense of $255,000 for the issuance of the shares. No cash was paid for the issuance of the shares. The pre-paid expense iswas being amortized over the one-year term of the Consulting Contract and Solitario recorded $223,000 and $32,000, respectively, during 2024 and 2023 in general and administrative expense ~~during 2023~~ related to the Consulting Contract.

At the Market Offering Agreement

On December 19, 2023, Solitario entered into an amendment to its at-the-market offering agreement that was originally entered into in 2021 (the “ATM Agreement”) with H. C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), under which Solitario may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of Solitario’s common stock through Wainwright as sales manager in an at-the-market offering under a prospectus supplement for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $10.0 million (the “ATM Program”). The common stock is distributed at the market prices prevailing at the time of sale. As a result, prices of the common stock sold under the ATM Program may vary as between purchasers and during the period of distribution. The ATM Agreement provides that Wainwright is entitled to compensation for its services at a commission rate of 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of common stock sold. During 2023, Solitario recorded $46,000 as a charge to additional paid-in-capital for one-time expenses related to the amendment of the ATM Agreement.

~~Solitario did not sell any shares under the ATM program during 2023.~~ During ~~2022~~2024, Solitario sold 2an aggregate of 1,~~650~~802,~~724~~060 shares of ~~its~~ common stock under the ATM ~~Program~~Agreement at an average price of $0.7970 per share for net proceeds of $21,~~023~~218,000, after commissions and sale expenses. Solitario did not sell any shares under the ATM program during 2023.

12. Subsequent Events

Solitario has evaluated events subsequent to December 31, ~~2023~~2024, to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure in this report. Such events were evaluated through the date these financial statements were available to be issued. No events have occurred requiring recognition or disclosure through the date of this report.

~~F-21~~71 Table of Contents

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Company (including our subsidiaries) required to be included in our periodic Securities and Exchange Commission filings.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act as a process designated by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on our assessment, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer both believe that, as of December 31, ~~2023~~2024, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. As a smaller reporting company, Solitario’s management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Item 9B. Other Information

During the quarter ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024, none of Solitario’s directors or officers informed Solitario of the adoption, modification, or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not Applicable

5072 Table of Contents

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required under Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in our definitive proxy statement in connection with the annual meeting of shareholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, ~~2023~~2024 pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the "~~2024~~2025 Proxy").

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required under Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in the ~~2024~~2025 Proxy.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Except for the information with respect to our equity compensation plan included below, the information with respect to Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in the ~~2024~~2025 Proxy.

Shares authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.

On June 2018, ~~2023~~2013, Solitario’s shareholders approved the 2013 Plan, which expired in April 2023. On June 29, 2017, Solitario’s ~~Stock~~shareholders ~~and~~approved ~~Incentive~~an ~~Plan~~amendment (to the ~~“2023~~2013 Plan~~”).~~ ~~Under~~which increased the ~~terms~~number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ~~2023~~2013 Plan, afrom ~~total~~1,750,000 ofto 5,~~000~~750,000. Under ~~shares~~the terms of ~~Solitario~~the ~~common~~2013 ~~stock~~Plan, ~~are~~the ~~reserved~~Board ~~for~~of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors was permitted to grant awards to directors, officers, employees and consultants. ~~Awards~~in ~~may take~~ the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, and restricted stock units. Awards ~~The~~granted prior to the 2013 Plan’s expiration were made pursuant to and continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the ~~awards~~2013 ~~are~~Plan. The ~~pursuant~~2013 toPlan ~~the~~expired ~~2023~~in ~~Plan~~April 2023, and ~~are~~no additional awards may be granted byunder the ~~Board~~2013 ofPlan. ~~Directors~~However, orawards amade ~~committee~~prior ~~appointed~~to by the ~~Board~~2013 ofPlan’s ~~Directors.~~expiration ~~The~~will ~~2023~~remain ~~Plan~~outstanding ~~has~~in aaccordance ~~term~~with oftheir ~~10 years~~terms.

On ~~November~~June 1620, 2023, Solitario’s shareholders approved the ~~Board~~2023 Plan. Under the terms of ~~Directors~~the ~~granted~~2023 ~~options~~Plan, toa ~~acquire~~total 50of 5,000,000 shares of Solitario common stock ~~under~~are ~~the~~reserved ~~2023~~for ~~Plan.~~awards ~~The~~to ~~options~~directors, ~~have~~officers, anemployees ~~exercise~~and ~~price~~consultants. Awards ofmay ~~$0.51~~take ~~per~~the ~~share,~~form aof ~~five-year~~stock ~~term~~options, ~~vested~~stock ~~25%~~appreciation onrights, ~~the~~restricted ~~date~~stock ofand ~~grant,~~restricted ~~vest~~stock ~~25%~~units. The onterms ~~each~~and conditions of the ~~next~~awards ~~three~~are ~~anniversary~~pursuant ~~dates~~to ~~and~~the ~~have~~2023 aPlan ~~grant~~and ~~date~~are ~~fair~~granted ~~value~~by ofthe ~~$16,000~~Board ~~based~~of ~~upon~~Directors or a ~~Black-Scholes~~committee ~~model,~~appointed ~~with~~by athe ~~72%~~Board ~~volatility~~of ~~and~~Directors. The 2023 Plan has a ~~4.4%~~term ~~risk-free~~of ~~interest~~10 ~~rate~~years.

On June 187, ~~2013~~2024, ~~Solitario’s~~the ~~shareholders~~Board ~~approved~~of ~~the~~Directors ~~2013~~granted ~~Solitario~~options ~~Exploration~~to &acquire ~~Royalty~~2,125,000 ~~Corp.~~shares ~~Omnibus~~of ~~Stock~~Solitario ~~and~~common ~~Incentive~~stock ~~Plan~~under (the ~~“2013~~2023 Plan”). The Onoptions ~~June~~have ~~29,~~an ~~2017,~~exercise ~~Solitario~~price ~~shareholders~~of ~~approved~~$0.85 anper ~~amendment~~share, toa ~~the~~five-year ~~2013~~term, ~~Plan~~vested ~~which~~25% ~~increased~~on the ~~number~~date of ~~shares~~grant, ofvest ~~common~~25% ~~stock~~on ~~available~~each ~~for~~of ~~issuance~~the ~~under~~next ~~the~~three ~~2013~~anniversary ~~Plan~~dates ~~from~~and ~~1,750,000~~have toa ~~5,750,000.~~grant ~~Under~~date ~~the~~fair ~~terms~~value of ~~the~~$1,120,000 ~~2013~~based ~~Plan,~~upon ~~the~~a ~~Board~~Black-Scholes ofmodel, ~~Directors~~with ~~may~~a ~~grant~~72% ~~awards~~volatility toand ~~directors,~~a ~~officers,~~4.3% ~~employees~~risk-free ~~and~~interest ~~consultants~~rate. On ~~Such~~November ~~awards~~16, ~~may~~2023, ~~take~~ the ~~form~~Board of ~~stock~~Directors granted options, ~~stock~~to ~~appreciation~~acquire ~~rights~~50,000 ~~restricted~~shares ~~stock,~~of ~~and~~Solitario ~~restricted~~common stock ~~units.~~under ~~The~~the ~~terms~~2023 ~~and~~Plan. The ~~conditions~~options ofhave ~~the~~an ~~awards~~exercise ~~are~~price ~~pursuant~~of to$0.51 ~~the~~per ~~2013~~share, ~~Plan~~a ~~and~~five-year ~~awards~~term, ~~are~~vested ~~granted~~25% byon the ~~Board~~date of ~~Directors~~grant, orvest a25% ~~committee~~on ~~appointed~~each ~~by the Board~~ of ~~Directors. As of December 31, 2023,~~ the ~~2013~~next ~~Plan~~three ~~has~~anniversary ~~expired~~dates and nohave ~~additional~~a ~~awards~~grant ~~may~~date befair ~~granted~~value ~~under~~of ~~the 2013 Plan~~$16,000 ~~although~~based ~~awards~~upon ~~made~~a ~~prior~~Black-Scholes tomodel, ~~the~~with ~~2013~~a ~~Plan’s~~72% ~~expiration~~volatility ~~will~~and ~~remain~~a ~~outstanding~~4.4% inrisk-free ~~accordance~~interest ~~with their terms~~rate.

On73 ~~September~~Table ~~8, 2022, the Board~~ of Directors granted options to acquire 2,360,000 shares of Solitario common stock under the 2013 Plan. The options have an exercise price of $0.60 per share, a five-year term, vested 25% on the date of grant, vest 25% on each of the next three anniversary dates and have a grant date fair value of $876,000 based upon a Black-Scholes model, with a 73% volatility and a 3.4% risk-free interest rate. Contents

51 Table of Contents

Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2024:

Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (2013 Plan – US$)		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)
2023 Plan	(a)		(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		2,175,000		0.85		2,825,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		-		N/A		-
Total 2023 Plan		2,175,000		0.85		2,825,000
2013 Plan
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders		3,173,500		0.47		-
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		-		N/A		-
Total 2013 Plan		3,173,500		0.47		-

Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2023:

Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(2013 Plan – US$)		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)
2023 Plan	(a)		(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved bysecurity holders		50,000		0.51		4,950,000
Equity compensation plans not approvedby security holders		-		N/A		-
Total 2023 Plan		50,000		0.51		4,950,000
2013 Plan
Equity compensation plans approved bysecurity holders		3,778,500		0.47		-
Equity compensation plans not approvedby security holders		-		N/A		-
Total 2013 Plan		3,778,500		0.47		-

The information with respect to Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in the ~~2024~~2025 Proxy.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required under Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the information set forth in the ~~2024~~2025 Proxy.

5274 Table of Contents

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

The following documents are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

1. Financial Statements

The following financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Assure CPA, Spokane, Washington, LLC PCAOB ID 444)		~~F-2~~55
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Plante Moran, PLLC, Denver, Colorado, PCAOB ID 166)		F-3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023		56
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023		57
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023		58
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023		59
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022		F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		60
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-8

2. Financial Statement Schedules

Financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not required or are not applicable, or the required information is provided in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto described in Item 15(1) above.

3. Exhibits

The Exhibits listed in the Index to Exhibits, which appears immediately following the signature page and is incorporated herein by reference, are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

5375 Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SOLITARIO RESOURCES CORP.
By:	/s/ James R. Maronick
	James R. Maronick Chief Financial Officer
Date: March 21, 2024
Date:	March 11, 2025

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Christopher E. Herald
Christopher E. Herald, Chief Executive Officer	Principal Executive Officer and Director	March 2111, ~~2024~~2025
/s/ James R. Maronick
James R. Maronick, Chief Financial Officer	Principal Financial and Accounting Officer	March 2111, ~~2024~~2025
/s/ John Labate
John Labate
/s/ Brian Labadie	A majority of the	March 21, 2024
	A majority of
Brian Labadie	Board of Directors
/s/ Brian Labadie	the Board of	March 11, 2025
Brian Labadie	Directors
/s/ James Hesketh
James Hesketh
/s/ Gil Atzmon
Gil Atzmon
/s/ Debbie Austin
Debbie Austin
/s/ Joshua D. Crumb
Joshua D. Crumb

~~Company Name~~ By: /s/ James R. Maronick James R. Maronick, Attorney-in-fact

5476 Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp., as Amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Form 10-Q filed on August 10, 2010)	~~Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp., as Amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Form 10-Q filed on August 10, 2010)~~
3.1.1	Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation of Solitario Zinc Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 14, 2017)	~~Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation of Solitario Zinc Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 14, 2017)~~
3.1.2	Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation of Solitario Resources Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2023)	~~Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation of Solitario Resources Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 19, 2023)~~
3.2	Amended and Restated By-laws of Solitario Resources Corp., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2021)	~~Amended and Restated By-laws of Solitario Resources Corp., as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on April 23, 2021)~~
4.1	Form of Common Stock Certificate of Solitario Resources Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Solitario’s Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2023)	~~Form of Common Stock Certificate of Solitario Resources Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Solitario’s Form 10-Q filed on August 9, 2023)~~
4.2	Description of Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Solitario’s Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2020)	~~Description of Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Solitario’s Form 10-K filed on March 2, 2020)~~
10.1#	2013 Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp. Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on June 20, 2013)	~~2013 Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp. Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on June 20, 2013)~~
10.2#	Change in Control Severance Benefits Agreement between Solitario Resources Corporation and Christopher E. Herald, dated as of March 14, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2007)	Change in Control Severance Benefits Agreement between Solitario Resources Corporation and Christopher E. Herald, dated as of March 14, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2007)
10.3#	Change in Control Severance Benefits Agreement between Solitario Resources Corporation and James R. Maronick, dated as of March 14, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2007)	Change in Control Severance Benefits Agreement between Solitario Resources Corporation and James R. Maronick, dated as of March 14, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2007)
10.4#		Change in Control Severance Benefits Agreement between Solitario Resources Corporation and Walter W. Hunt, dated as of March 14, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2007)
10.4	Framework Agreement for the Exploration and Development of Potential Mining Properties, related to Solitario's 100% owned Florida Canyon project in Peru between Minera Florida Canyon S.A., Minera Solitario Peru S.A.C., Solitario Resources Corporation, and Votorantim Metais – Cajamarquilla S.A., dated March 24, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on October 4, 2007)
10.5		Framework Agreement for the Exploration and Development of Potential Mining Properties, related to Solitario's 100% owned Florida Canyon project in Peru between Minera Florida Canyon S.A., Minera Solitario Peru S.A.C., Solitario Resources Corporation, and Votorantim Metais – Cajamarquilla S.A., dated March 24, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Solitario's Form 8-K filed on October 4, 2007)
10.5#	First Amendment to the 2013 Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp. Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on June 29, 2017)
10.6#	2023 Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to Solitaro’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 28, 2023)	~~First Amendment to the 2013 Solitario Exploration & Royalty Corp. Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on June 29, 2017)~~
10.7#		2023 Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix B to Solitaro’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 28, 2023)
10.7	Form of Award Agreement for the 2023 Solitario Stock and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10-7 to Solitario’s Form 10-K filed on March 22, 2024)
10.8*		Form of Award Agreement for the 2023 Solitario Stock and Incentive Plan
10.8	At The Market Offering Agreement between Solitario Resources Corp. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, dated February 2, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on February 2, 2021)
10.9	Amendment to At the Market Offering Agreement between Solitario Resources Corp. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, dated December 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to Solitario’s Form S-3 Amendment No. 1 filed on December 20, 2023)	At The Market Offering Agreement between Solitario Resources Corp. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, dated February 2, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Solitario’s Form 8-K filed on February 2, 2021)
10.10

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