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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

For the transition period from ________ to _________

Commission File Number: 001-40409

Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida		46-5542401
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2060 NW Boca Raton Blvd., Suite #6, Boca Raton, Florida		33431
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (561) 287-5776

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.001

GROM

The Nasdaq Capital Market

Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

GROMW

The Nasdaq Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” or “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $2,793,525.

As of April 11, 2024, there were 8,924,686 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	12
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	27
Item 1C.	Cybersecurity	27
Item 2.	Properties	28
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28

	PART II

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	29
Item 6.	[Reserved]	30
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	F-1
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	44
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	45
Item 9B.	Other Information	47
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	47

	PART III

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance	48
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	54
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	56
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	57
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	58

	PART IV

Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	60
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	65
Signatures		66

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

When used in this Annual Report, including the documents that we have incorporated by reference, in future filings with the SEC or in press releases or other written or oral communications, statements which are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases which are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Discussions containing forward-looking statements may be found in the material set forth under "Business", "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", and in other sections of this Annual Report.

Forward-looking statements are necessarily subjective, are based upon our current plans, intentions, objectives, goals, strategies, beliefs, projections and expectations, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether, or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and management’s belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this report may turn out to be inaccurate. Important factors that may cause actual results, our performance or achievements, or industry results to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors" in this Annual Report. All forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

We were incorporated in the State of Florida on April 14, 2014 under the name Illumination America, Inc.

On August 17, 2017, we acquired Grom Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“GHLD”), pursuant to a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) entered into on May 15, 2017 (the “Share Exchange”). In connection with the Share Exchange, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of GHLD from GHLD’ stockholders in exchange for an aggregate of 5,774 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company. As a result of the Share Exchange, the stockholders of GHLD acquired approximately 92% of the Company’s then-issued and outstanding shares of common stock and GHLD became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. In connection with the Share Exchange, on August 17, 2017, we changed our name to Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. (“GROM”, or the “Company”).

We are a media, technology and entertainment company that focuses on (i) delivering content to children under the age of 13 years in a safe secure platform that is compliant with the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA”) and can be monitored by parents or guardians, (ii) creating, acquiring, and developing the commercial potential of Kids & Family entertainment properties and associated business opportunities, (iii) providing world class animation services, and (iv) offering protective web filtering solutions to block unwanted or inappropriate content. We conduct our business through our following subsidiaries:

	·	Grom Social, Inc. (“GSOC”), incorporated in the State of Florida on March 5, 2012, operates our social media network designed for children under the age of 13 years.

	·	TD Holdings Limited (“TDH”), incorporated in Hong Kong on September 15, 2005, operates through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries: (i) Top Draw Animation Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong corporation (“TDAHK”), and (ii) Top Draw Animation, Inc., a Philippines corporation (“Top Draw”). The group’s principal activities are the production of animated films and television series.

	·	Grom Educational Services, Inc. (“GEDU”), incorporated in the State of Florida on January 17, 2017, operates our web filtering services provided to schools and government agencies.

	·	Grom Nutritional Services, Inc. (“GNUT”), incorporated in the State of Florida on April 19, 2017, intends to market and distribute nutritional supplements to children. It has been nonoperational since its inception.

	·	Curiosity Ink Media, LLC (“CIM”), organized in the State of Delaware on January 5, 2017, develops, acquires, builds, grows and maximizes the short, mid and long-term commercial potential of kids and family entertainment properties and associated business opportunities.

We own 100% of each of GSOC, TDH, GEDU and GNUT, and 80% of CIM.

We have three reportable business segments: Animation, which includes TDH; Original Content, which includes CIM; and Social & Technology, which includes GSOC and GEDU.

Grom Social, Inc. (GSOC)

Grom Social, Inc. is a media company that manages a social mobile application (“app”) platform designed for kids under the age of 13 – who are barred by law from using social media apps without parental consent – and provides a fully secure social media environment that invites parents and caregivers of users in to play an active role in keeping kids safe from common internet dangers while educating them about the importance of digital safety.

Derived from an Australian surfing term, the word “Grom” is defined as a promising young individual who is eager to learn. The name is perfect for helping young consumers surf digital media, many for the first time. The word also has a powerful meaning for GSOC’s founders, the Marks family. Zach Marks, who conceived a kids-only web destination in 2012 after his parents deleted his Facebook account, which he gained without his parents’ knowledge or permission; Darren Marks, GROM’s CEO, who saw the need for safe social media from a parent’s perspective; and Caroline Marks, a US Olympian – and eldest daughter of the Marks family, who’s early experiences of being bullied on social media underscored the growing need to protect kids online.

Fun and safety are the centerpieces of the Grom Social experience. A fully functional user account can only be created by a parent or caregiver, who must be verified through a thorough confirmation process. If a child enrolls without parental verification, that user will have very little access to the app’s functionality with no ability to engage with other users. GSOC defines a "user" as any child under the age of 13 who downloads the Grom Social app from a mobile app store, any parent who registers for a Grom Social account, and any student or faculty who uses our NetSpective web filtering platform.

Monthly active users (“MAUs”) is a usage metric that reveals the total number of users who visit all of our platforms within 30 days. As of March 1, 2024, there were approximately 1,550 MAUs on the Grom Social platform. Based on statistics provided by our internal data metric system and an additional tool, Count.ly (which is hosted and managed by our company's servers), the average online duration of users logged onto (time spent) on the Grom Social platform was approximately 3.5 minutes.

In May 2019, our Grom Social app for both Apple Store and Google Play Store was approved within each platform’s family designated section. The Apple Store markets iPhone operating system (“IOS”) applications for download solely on Apple devices. The Google Play Store markets applications for download on Android devices.

The Grom Social app is a platform where kids under the age of 13 can:

	·	Record videos of themselves using custom 3D avatars that only Grom offers, and post, utilizing enhanced facial and apparel characteristics, and augmented reality (“AR”) filters and masks while doing so.

	·	Upload videos compliant with the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).

	·	View exclusive, and curated, user-generated content to provide only safe and educational content for children.

	·	Communicate with users and parents regardless of where they may be navigating on the Grom Social app. This feature eliminates the need to leave the section of the app in which they are engaged.

GSOC has established the following safeguards and procedures which we believe will ensure our Grom Social platform is a safe place for children:

	·	Account Approval: We have account creation procedures to help ensure that only children under the age of 13 can create an account. If a child submits a request to open an account on the Grom Social app, we send an email notification to his or her parents that their child has applied to create a Grom Social account. If the child’s parents approve, they may submit a video recording with consent consistent with approved COPPA guidelines, the account is opened. If a parent’s approval is not expressed, the account will not be opened, and the child will have limited access to the Grom Social app.

	·	Parental Involvement: By requiring parental approval for a child to open an account and to interact with other users on the Grom Social platform, we hope to invite, promote, and encourage all caregivers to stay actively involved in their child’s activity on the app. Further, we believe that parental involvement provides us with the ability to market products and services to parents if they elect to receive separate communications from GSOC.

	·	Digital Citizenship Educational Content: Children are presented with pop-up messages and suggestions throughout the app on good digital citizenship practices to promote positive online behavior and learn the basics of becoming a positive digital citizen. Users are rewarded with achievements for demonstrating exemplary online conduct, and the app features a comprehensive reward system to incentivize positive interactions. For example, when users exhibit kindness in their online engagements and while interacting with others' posts on the platform, they earn rewards. This system celebrates users for their positive digital footprint and fosters a community of respect and understanding on the platform.

	·	Limited Data Collection of Child and Parent: No digital profiles will be built for children or parents. The information we collect is for analytical data only and is limited to parent email, birthdate, gender, and country locations. GSOC will never use a child’s personal information for profit.

	·	Content Monitoring: Our platform employs sophisticated software that utilizes standard "keyword" filter technology to meticulously monitor posts for inappropriate content. This ensures that any post containing offensive material is intercepted before it becomes visible on the platform, with the user receiving a warning about the unacceptable content. Additionally, every comment, video post, or public action on the Grom Social app undergoes a thorough review by our algorithms and dedicated GSOC staff monitors. Should any content fail to meet our community guidelines, it will not be approved, and the child’s parent will be promptly notified through the Grom Social parent app, complete with a detailed explanation of the incident. This dual-layered approach of content monitoring and direct parental involvement not only promotes social responsibility and digital citizenship but also serves as an educational opportunity. We are committed to maintaining a safe and respectful community, resorting to user bans only if necessary to address persistent issues. Through these measures, we aim to foster a digital environment where positive interactions flourish.

	·	Anti-bullying: We have software that monitors the Grom Social app for bullying. In addition to monitoring the interaction between children on the app, we also post messages that strongly emphasize anti-bullying and actively promote social responsibility and digital citizenship. Additionally, our platform has received the “KidSafe Seal of Approval” from KidSafe, an independent safety certification service, and seal-of-approval program designed exclusively for children-friendly websites and technologies, including online game sites, educational services, virtual worlds, social networks, mobile apps, tablet devices, connected toys, and other similar online and interactive services.

	·	Use of “Gromatars”: On the Grom Social platform, children express their creativity and identity through 3D animated videos known as "Gromatars." These vibrant avatars serve as a digital persona, allowing kids to engage with the community without revealing their real-life identity. Featured prominently on a user's home screen and visible in interactions such as comments and likes, Gromatars are the heart of a child's presence on the app. With over 200 customization options including head shape, eye and nose types, hairstyles, ear shapes, skin tones, and a plethora of accessories and backgrounds, children have the freedom to craft a Gromatar that truly reflects their personality and style. This innovative approach not only enhances the fun and interactivity of the platform but also fosters a safe and imaginative environment for kids to connect and share.

These safeguards and procedures are a critical component of our business model. We believe that children are increasingly accessing the internet at younger ages and therefore the need for safe, age-appropriate platforms for younger children to browse and interact with other children is increasing. According to recent statistics published in December 2023 on Stasista.com:

	·	68% of pre-teens were using social media applications.

	·	Overall, 42% of respondents aged 11 to 12 years were using TikTok, 31% were using Snapchat.

According to recent statistics on GuardChild.com:

	·	88% of teens have seen someone be mean or cruel to another person on a social networking site.

	·	70% of children have accidentally encountered online pornography

	·	90% of children from 8 to 16 years old have seen online pornography

	·	65% of children from 8 to 14 years old have been involved in a cyber-bullying incident

The Grom Social app is a dynamic platform tailored for children, blending engaging features with stringent safety measures to create a digital space that mirrors the sophisticated social networks used by adults, yet remains secure within a child-friendly ecosystem. The app boasts an array of functionalities, including:

	·	Video Recordings with AR Filters and Effects: Kids can unleash their creativity, making videos that sparkle with fun filters and effects, akin to the experiences on Snapchat and Instagram.
	·	Customizable Profiles: Users can personalize their space with custom colors and their unique 3D Gromatar avatars, adding a personal touch to their digital presence.
	·	Video Sharing with Music: Echoing TikTok's format, children can upload their videos set to a variety of music tracks, allowing for endless creative expression.
	·	Search and Discovery: With an intuitive search function, hashtags, and mentions, discovering new content and friends is easy and exciting.
	·	Engagement Features: Users can like, comment on, and share content, enhancing interaction and community spirit.
	·	Notifications: Keeps users informed about interactions and updates, ensuring they stay connected.
	·	Extensive AR Filters: A vast selection of AR filters enriches user videos, offering playful and imaginative ways to express themselves.
	·	Direct Messaging: Allows for private conversations, fostering friendships within a protected environment.

Equipped with these features and robust safety permissions, GSOC provides children with a comprehensive social platform. It's a safe, controlled environment where kids can explore, create, and connect, enjoying the best aspects of social media adapted to suit their needs and protect their well-being.

According to a survey released on March 9, 2022 by Common Sense Media, a nonprofit that tracks young people’s tech habits reports, on average, 8- to 12-year-olds use about five and a half hours of screen media per day. From 2019 to 2021, daily screen media consumption increased from 4 hours and 44 minutes to 5 hours and 33 minutes for tweens, and from 7 hours and 22 minutes to 8 hours and 39 minutes for teenagers. This rise over two years represents a significantly quicker pace than the growth observed over the prior four years. Thirty-eight percent of tweens are now using social media, an increase from 31% in 2019, and almost one in five (18%) report using social media daily, a rise of 5 percentage points since 2019.

TD Holdings Limited and Subsidiaries (TDH)

TDH is a holding company that operates through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries (i) TDAHK and (ii) TDAM. Based in Manila, Philippines, the group’s principal activities are the production of animated television series and movies. TDAHK, which owns our animation studio in Manila, Philippines, contracts with third parties for the production of animated television series and movies. Through an intercompany agreement, TDA then does the production work at our studio in Manila, Philippines.

TDA is a full-service production and pre-production animation studio working with a diverse roster of global clients. It specializes in providing two-dimensional digital production services for animated television series and movies on a contract basis or under co-production arrangements.

TDA’s pre-production services include planning and creating storyboards, location design, model and props design, background color and color styling. Its production services focus on library creation, digital asset management, animation layout, background, library development, background layout scene assembly, posing, animation, composting and after-effects. TDA currently provides services to high-profile brands and properties, as well as all-new, original intellectual properties. Its studio produces over 200 half-hour segments of animated content annually which we believe makes it one of the top global producers of animation for television worldwide.

The following table depicts some of TDA’s recent notable projects:

Show	Client	Number of Series in Years	Period
My Little Pony	DHX Media	10	2010-2019
My Little Pony - Equestria Girls	DHX Media	7	2012-2013, 2015-2019
Tom and Jerry Seasons 2 - 5	Slap Happy Cartoons	4	2015-2019
Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero	Disney	1	2016-2017
Polly Pocket Seasons 1 - 4	WildBrain (formerly DHX Media)	3	2017-2021
Glitch Techs	Nickelodeon	1	2018-2019
Carmen Sandiego	WildBrain (formerly DHX Media)	2	2019-2020
Rhyme Time Town	DreamWorks	1	2019-2020
Viking Skool	Samka Production	1	2020
Archibald’s Next Big Thing Is Here	DreamWorks	1	2020-2021
Polly Pocket Season 3	DHX Media	3	2021
The Loud House Movie	New Nickelodeon Animation	1	2021
Bionic Max	Gaumont Animation	1	2021
Jamie’s Got Tentacles Seasons 1 - 3	Samka Production	3	2013, 2016, and 2021
The Guava Juice Show Seasons 1 - 2	Main Frame Studios	1	2021-2022
Half Heros Season 2	Cyber Group Studios	1	2021-2022
Strawberry Shortcake Seasons 1 - 2	WildBrain	1	2021-2022
Star Trek: Lower Decks	Titmouse	1	2022

Grom Educational Services, Inc. (GEDU)

On January 2, 2017, we acquired certain assets including internet content filtering software called NetSpective Webfilter from TeleMate.net and formed GEDU. Since inception, we have sold hardware and/or subscriptions for web filtering software to thousands of schools with more than 4,000,000 children in attendance. Clients pay for hardware within 30 days of delivery and in advance for filtering service ranging between one to five years. We offer a proprietary digital citizenship program that assists K-12 schools in the United States to comply with The Children's Internet Protection Act (“CIPA”) requirements. CIPA requirements include the use internet content filters and implementation of other protective measures to prevent children from exposure to harmful online content.

On November 2, 2022, we expanded our educational services product offering by teaming up with tech management company, Radix, to offer its cloud-based classroom management solution, TeacherView. Radix’s TeacherView is equipped with a built-in video conference system to enable remote (at home), local or hybrid learning. The program gives educators an “over the shoulder” teaching experience to help oversee an enhanced learning experience.

Grom Nutritional Services, Inc. (GNUT)

GNUT was formed with the intention of developing, marketing and distributing nutritional supplement beverages to children to support the healthy development of neurological structure and intellectual development of cognitive skills. We initially intend to market and distribute nutritional based supplements to our user base of children and their parents, then subsequently expand our marketing efforts to the wholesale/retail grocery, convenience, and big box sectors. GNUT had no operations since its inception, but the Company is exploring partnerships.

Curiosity Ink Media, LLC (CIM)

On August 19, 2021, we acquired 80% of the outstanding membership interest of CIM, a kids and family original content and media company that focuses on building and managing entertainment brands and franchises. Specializing in revitalizing lapsed and underutilized properties, CIM reimagines beloved properties by strategically defining their strengths to ensure their continued growth and legacy. CIM leverages its creative talent, established media distribution networks, and industry connections to market proven media properties through strategic licensing agreements, partnerships, and original content creation.

Acquisition Strategy

Our acquisition strategy is to acquire synergistic companies, products or intellectual property that will help grow our Grom Social user base and operate profitably as both a stand-alone enterprise as well as enhance Grom’s overall monetization strategy.

Acquisition of TD Holdings Limited and Subsidiaries

On July 1, 2016, we entered into a share sale agreement (the “TDH Share Sale Agreement”) for the acquisition of 100% of the capital stock of TD Holdings for which we paid $4,000,000 in cash, issued a 5% secured promissory note in the principal amount of $4,000,000 which originally matured on July 1, 2018 (the “TDH Note”), and 384 shares of our common stock valued at $4,240,000, or approximately $11,041.67 per share, to the selling shareholders of TDH (“TDH Sellers”). The TDH Share Sale Agreement was subsequently amended and on August 18, 2021, the Company paid the holders of the TDH Notes an aggregate of $834,760, representing all remaining amounts due and payable under the TDH Note.

Acquisition of the NetSpective Webfilter Assets

On January 1, 2017, we acquired NetSpective webfilter assets from TeleMate.net Software, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company, (“TeleMate”) pursuant to an asset purchase agreement (the “NetSpective APA”). Under the terms of the NetSpective APA, we issued a three-year 0.68% $1,000,000 redeemable, convertible promissory note to TeleMate (the “TeleMate Note”). The TeleMate Note is convertible into our common stock at a conversion rate of $0.78 per share. If not converted by TeleMate by November 1, 2019, the note may be converted by the Company into shares of common stock at a conversion rate of $0.48 per share. In addition, we entered into a master services agreement (“MSA”) with TeleMate under which TeleMate provided engineering and sales support for twelve months and assumed all risks of NetSpective negative cash flow for one year.

In April 2019, TeleMate paid the TeleMate Note in full. On December 4, 2019, the Company converted the outstanding principal and interest of $1,013,200 under the TeleMate Note into 2,113,428 shares of its common stock.

Acquisition of Curiosity Ink Media LLC

On August 19, 2021, we acquired 80% of the outstanding membership interest of Curiosity Ink Media LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CIM”) pursuant to a membership interest purchase agreement (the “CIM MIPA”). Under the terms of the CIM MIPA, we issued an aggregate of 1,771,883 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Sellers, pro rata to their membership interests immediately prior to the closing of the Acquisition. The shares were valued at $2.82 per share which represents the 20-day volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock on August 19, 2021.

Additionally, the Company also paid $400,000 and issued an 8% eighteen-month convertible promissory note in the principal amount $278,000 (the “Note”) to pay-down and refinance certain outstanding loans and advances previously made to CIM by Russell Hicks and Brett Watts, members of CIM.

Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $98.40 per share but may not be converted if, after giving effect to such conversion, the noteholder and its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The Note may be prepaid at any time, in whole or in part. The Note is subordinated to the Company’s senior indebtedness.

The Sellers also have the ability to earn up to $17,500,000 (payable 50% in cash and 50% in stock) upon the achievement of certain performance milestones as of December 31, 2025.

Business Strategy

We hope to grow our business through a combination of marketing initiatives and synergistic acquisitions in an effort to increase our Grom Social platform user base to a large enough size to enable us to attract advertisers and paid users for our premium content. However, there can be no assurance that our strategy will be successful or that our revenues will increase as a result of our business strategies.

Our Growth Strategy

Our current growth strategy is as follows:

	·	Increase Size of Grom Social’s User Base. Comparable to other successful media companies, we believe the key strategy to our future success starts with growing our audience. Although the revenue from the Grom Social app is currently nominal, we believe that as we grow our audience, we can simultaneously build a revenue-generating opportunity for marketers and sponsors to connect with the important demographic of kids under the age of 13.

	·	Expand Core Products. We manage our brands through strategic product development initiatives, including introducing new products and modifying our existing intellectual property. Our marketing team and development teams strive to develop enhanced products to offer added technological, aesthetic and functional improvements to our portfolio of products.

	·	Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We supplement our internal growth with strategic and synergistic acquisitions.

Competition

GSOC operates in a dynamic and competitive landscape of innovation and rapidly evolving technologies. For kids under 13, there are limited opportunities for social media as most other apps, including Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Google, Snapchat, and TikTok, require parental consent to use. Each presents a wide array of internet products, services, and content vying for our users' attention and spending. These tech giants, with their extensive resources and vast user bases, represent a broad spectrum of competition, from social networking platforms to video sharing and content creation services.

Despite the intense competition from these established and well-funded entities, GSOC also navigates a competitive field with smaller internet companies. These companies, including Video Star, Zigazoo, and Lego Life, offer niche products and services that directly compete with our target users. As we venture into new services and products and as our existing offerings evolve, we anticipate facing additional competitors. This could include companies replicating our range of capabilities, developing competing applications, especially in mobile and social communications, and entities focusing on web and mobile-based entertainment designed to captivate our target audience.

Nonetheless, GSOC distinguishes itself with unique features that we believe not only set us apart from our competitors but also provide a competitive edge specifically tailored to our target market:

	·	Safe and Controlled Environment for Children: Our platform offers a social media experience within a secure framework, ensuring a protective atmosphere for young users.

	·	Parental Involvement and Oversight: We emphasize and facilitate active parental engagement in monitoring and guiding their children's online activities.

	·	Content By and For Kids: Our platform prides itself on producing relatable and engaging content created with the direct input and participation of children, resonating deeply with our audience.

	·	Secure Registration Process: We have crafted a registration mechanism that ensures the safe onboarding of children, adhering to the highest standards of online safety.

	·	Live Monitoring and Content Filtering: Our platform is monitored in real-time by trained professionals, complemented by advanced filtering software to safeguard against inappropriate content, offering a layer of protection unmatched by other social networking sites accessible to children.

	·	COPPA-Compliant Features: We stand out as the only COPPA-compliant app offering an array of interactive features such as live commenting, hashtags, streaming video content, and the capability for users to record and share videos.

GSOC embodies a pioneering social media platform that integrates custom video editing, educational resources, social interaction, and exclusive content. We offer global connectivity and group collaboration, encouraging the creation of new content and activities based on user behavior. This comprehensive approach positions GSOC as a unique and innovative choice within the competitive digital landscape for young users.

TD Holdings Limited and Subsidiaries

We have extensive competition in our animation business from production companies in Korea, Taiwan, Canada, India and, to a lesser degree, China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Businesses in these countries, such as Malaysia, may receive government subsidies which can increase competitive pressure.

Our intention is for Top Draw to remain competitive for the production of family-oriented, animated television series and movies and other family-oriented entertainment products produced by major movie studios, including Disney, DreamWorks Animation, Warner Bros. Entertainment, Netflix, Nickelodeon, and numerous other independent motion picture production companies.

The primary competitors of Top Draw in the Philippines are Toon City Animation, Snipple Animation Studio, and Synergy 88 Digital.

Growth in the television industry is being driven by larger streaming companies such as Netflix, Disney Plus, NBC, Amazon Prime, and Facebook. Competition is primarily based on the ability to reach an audience directly and deliver products that meet consumer demand. The success of these streaming companies is primarily related to the size and reach of their user or subscriber base.

Grom Educational Services, Inc.

We believe our primary competitors for web filtering products and services are iBoss, Lightspeed, Linewize, Go Guardian and Securly. There are other large companies that offer web filtering products including Forcepoint (Websense), Bluecoat, Symantec, Palo Alto Networks, Barracuda and Cisco. However, we believe these companies are enterprise focused whereby they sell numerous products with web filtering representing a minimal component of their portfolio.

Grom Nutritional Services, Inc.

We believe that consumer awareness regarding the benefits of dietary supplements and new product availability are the major drivers for the market worldwide. The global nutritional supplements market size was valued at $273.9 billion in 2018 and is anticipated to expand at a compound annual growth rate of 6.4% over the forecast period from 2019 to 2025, according to Grand View Research. The largest of our competitors are Axxess Pharma Inc., Celsius Holdings, Inc., GNC Holdings Inc., and Pfizer Inc.

Curiosity Ink Media, LLC

We have extensive competition in our publication and animated series and movies are Disney, DreamWorks Animation, Warner Bros. Entertainment, Netflix and Nickelodeon. Growth in the publication and animated series and movies are driven by the large streaming and production companies.

Government Regulation

We are subject to several U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the internet. Many of these laws and regulations are still evolving and being tested in courts and could be interpreted in ways that could harm our business. These may involve user privacy and data protection, rights of publicity, content, intellectual property, advertising, marketing, distribution, data security, data retention and deletion, personal information, electronic contracts and other communications, competition, protection of minors, consumer protection, telecommunications, product liability, taxation, economic or other trade prohibitions or sanctions, securities law compliance, and online payment services. In particular, we are subject to federal, state, and foreign laws regarding privacy and protection of data. Foreign data protection, privacy, and other laws and regulations can be more restrictive than those in the United States. U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. There are also a number of legislative proposals pending before federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies. including data protection regulation.

In addition, some countries are considering or have passed legislation implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services.

Our platforms follow the guidelines of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998, 15 U.S.C. 6501–6505. COPPA imposes certain requirements on operators of websites or online services directed to children under 13 years of age, and on operators of other websites or online services that have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information online from a child under 13 years of age.

Additionally, our K-12 NetSpective web filter public school clients are subject to CIPA, which was enacted by Congress in 2000 to address concerns about children's access to obscene or harmful content over the internet. CIPA imposes certain requirements on schools or libraries that receive discounts for internet access or internal connections through the E-rate program – a program that makes certain communications services and products more affordable for eligible schools and libraries. In early 2001, the FCC issued rules implementing CIPA and provided updates to those rules in 2011.

The nutritional supplements that we intend to market to children are governed by the US Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The FDA defines supplements as a product intended to increase its levels in the diet. These may include vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, or other plant-based substances. Over-the-counter supplements do not undergo the same formal approval process as prescription and over-the-counter drugs. The FDA does not require supplement manufacturers to submit their products to the FDA for review nor receive FDA approval, however, before marketing, companies must ensure they are not making false claims on the product label to mislead consumers. Like other food substances, dietary supplements are not subject to the safety and efficacy testing requirements imposed on drugs, and unlike drugs they do not require prior approval by the FDA; however, they are subject to the FDA regulations regarding adulteration and misbranding.

Intellectual Property

To establish and protect our proprietary rights we rely on a combination of trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, including know-how, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties, employee non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements, and other contractual rights. We do not believe that our proprietary website is dependent on any single copyright or groups of related patents or copyrights.

Trademarks

We currently own seven trademarks as follows:

Country

Mark

Status

Class

Serial Number

Filing Date

Registration Number

Registration Date

Owner Name

Expiration Date

GROM

Registered

009

85808178

12/20/2012

4464931

01/14/2014

Grom Social, Inc.

01/14/2034

GROM SKATE

Registered

009, 041

90530702

2/16/2021

6626893

1/25/2022

Grom Social, Inc.

01/25/2028

GROM SOCIAL AND DESIGN

Registered

042, 045

88256892

01/10/2019

6217313

12/08/2020

Grom Social Enterprises Inc.

12/08/2026

GROM NAME LOGO

Registered

97884724

04/12/2023

N/A

Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.

N/A

MAKING HAPPY HAPPEN

Pending

035, 041

97591379

09/14/2022

N/A

Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.

N/A

MAMABEAR

Registered

009

85631796

05/22/2012

4351472

06/11/2023

Grom Holdings Inc.

06/11/2033

TECHTOPIA

Registered

009

86346608

07/24/2014

4820748

09/29/2015

Grom Social, Inc.

09/29/2025

Copyrights

We currently own thirteen copyrights as follows:

Title	Claimant	Filing Date	Registration Number	Registration Date
CoCo	Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.	05/03/2022	VA 2-302-486	05/03/2022
Drone 2	Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.	05/03/2022	VA 2-302-307	05/03/2022
Drone 3	Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.	05/03/2022	VA 2-302-305	05/03/2022
Grom Social Characters	Grom Social, Inc.	07/20/2012	VA 1-861-879	07/20/2012
Grom Social Characters – Fall 2015	Grom Social, Inc.	01/12/2016	VA 2-000-079	01/12/2016
Hall	Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.	02/24/2022	VA 2-294-237	04/06/2022
Noswad	Grom Social, Inc.	04/09/2014	VAu 1-171-758	04/09/2014
Ollie	Grom Social, Inc.	03/11/2014	VAu 1-160-606	03/11/2014
Santa Claus	Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.	02/24/2022	VA 2-294-243	04/06/2022
Santa.com North Pole	Grom Social, Inc.	02/24/2022	VA 2-293-035	04/06/2022
Santa.com Screenplay	Curiosity Ink Media, LLC	03/11/2024	Pau 4-217-147	03/22/2024
YoYo	Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.	05/03/2022	VA 2-302-477	05/03/2022
Herbert Henry and Santa’s Secret Society	Curiosity Ink Media, LLC	11/28/2018	TX0008682635	03/05/2019

Employees

As of April 11, 2024, the Company had 18 full-time employees, 3 part-time employees and 2 independent contractors in the United States and 68 full-time employees and 37 part-time and 198 contracted employees in the Philippines.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before investing in our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. In addition, we may face additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or which as of the date of this Annual Report we might not consider significant, which may adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case the trading price of our common stock and warrants could decline due to any of these risks or uncertainties, and you may lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our independent auditors concurred with our management’s assessment that raises concern as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

On a consolidated basis, we have incurred significant operating losses since inception. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. As of December 31, 2023, we have an accumulated deficit of $96.7 million.

Because we do not expect that existing operational cash flow will be sufficient to fund presently anticipated operations, this raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, we will need to raise additional funds and are currently exploring alternative sources of financing. Historically, we have raised capital through private placements of our equity securities and convertible notes and through officer loans as an interim measure to finance working capital needs and may continue to raise additional capital through the sale of common stock or other securities and by obtaining short-term loans. We will be required to continue to do so until our consolidated operations become profitable.

These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern.

Our future performance will depend on the continued engagement of key members of our management team.

Our future performance depends to a large extent on the continued services of members of our current management and other key personnel. While we have employment agreements with certain of our executive officers and key employees, the failure to secure the continued services of these or other key personnel for any reason, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, and prospects. We currently do not carry “key man insurance” on any of our executives.

Failure to manage our growth effectively could cause our business to suffer and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Failure to manage our growth effectively could cause our business to suffer and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. To manage our growth effectively, we must continually evaluate and evolve our business and manage our employees, operations, finances, technology and development, and capital investments efficiently. Our efficiency, productivity and the quality of our Grom Social platform, original content and intellectual properties, animation business and web filtering user services and content may be adversely impacted if we fail to appropriately coordinate across our business operations. Additionally, rapid growth may place a strain on our resources, infrastructure, and ability to maintain the quality of our Grom Social platform. If and when our structure becomes more complex as we add additional staff, we will need to improve our operational, financial and management controls as well as our reporting systems and procedures. Our failure to manage our growth could disrupt our operations and ultimately prevent us from generating revenues.

Future business acquisitions, strategic investments or alliances, if any, as well as business acquisition transactions, could disrupt our business and may not succeed in generating the intended benefits and may, therefore, adversely affect our business, revenue and results of operations.

We completed the acquisition of TD Holdings in 2016, and acquired 80% of Curiosity Ink Media, LLC in 2021. In the future, we may explore potential acquisitions of companies or technologies, strategic investments, or alliances to strengthen our business. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, including:

	·	our due diligence may fail to identify all of the problems, liabilities or other shortcomings or challenges of an acquired business, product or technology, including issues related to intellectual property, product quality or architecture, regulatory compliance practices, accounting practices or employee issues;

	·	failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses;

	·	diversion of management’s attention from operating our business to addressing acquisition integration challenges;

	·	difficulties in coordinating geographically disparate organizations and corporate cultures and integrating management personnel with different business backgrounds;

	·	anticipated benefits may not materialize;

	·	retention of employees from the acquired company;

	·	integration of the acquired company’s accounting, management information, human resources, and other administrative systems;

	·	coordination of product development and sales and marketing functions;

	·	liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including patent and trademark infringement, claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities; and

	·	litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, users, former stockholders or other third parties.

Failure to appropriately mitigate these risks or other issues related to such strategic investments and acquisitions could result in reducing or completely eliminating any anticipated benefits of transactions and harm our business generally. Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses or the impairment of goodwill, any of which could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We face intense competition in all aspects of our business including competition in the animation and web filtering businesses. If we do not provide features and content that will engage and attract users, advertisers and developers we may not remain competitive, and our potential revenues and operating results could be adversely affected.

We face intense competition in almost every aspect of our business, including from companies such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Google, which offer a variety of internet products, services, content, and online advertising offerings, as well as from mobile companies and smaller internet companies that offer products and services that may compete directly with Grom Social for users, such as Yoursphere, Fanlala, Franktown Rocks and Sweety High. As we introduce new services and products, as our existing services and products evolve, or as other companies introduce new products and services, we may become subject to additional competition.

Some of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater resources and better competitive positions than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to respond more effectively than us to new or emerging technologies and changes in market requirements. Our competitors may develop products, features, or services that are similar to ours or that achieve greater market acceptance, may undertake more far-reaching and successful product development efforts or marketing campaigns, or may adopt more aggressive pricing policies. In addition, our users, content providers or application developers may use information shared by our users through Grom Social in order to develop products or features that compete with us. Certain competitors, including Facebook, could use strong or dominant positions in one or more markets to gain a competitive advantage against us in areas where we operate, including by creating a social networking experience similar to ours with similar content and features. As a result, our competitors may acquire and engage users at the expense of the growth or engagement of our user base, which may negatively affect our business and financial results.

We believe that our ability to compete effectively depends upon many factors, including:

	·	the age appropriateness, attractiveness, safety, ease of use, performance, and reliability of the Grom Social platform, our content and products compared to our competitors;

	·	the size and composition of our user base;

	·	the engagement of our users with our products;

	·	the timing and market acceptance of content, services, and products, including developments and enhancements to our or our competitors’ content, services and products;

	·	our ability to monetize our products, including our ability to successfully monetize mobile usage;

	·	the frequency, size, and relative prominence of the ads and other commercial content displayed by us or our competitors;

	·	customer service and support efforts;

	·	marketing and selling efforts;

	·	responding to changes mandated by legislation or regulatory authorities, some of which may have a disproportionate effect on us;

	·	acquisitions or consolidation within our industry, which may result in more formidable competitors;

	·	our ability to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees, particularly programmers;

	·	our ability to cost-effectively manage and grow our operations; and

	·	our ability to cost-effectively manage and grow our operations; and

If we are not able to effectively compete, our user base and level of user engagement may decrease, which could make us less attractive to developers and advertisers and materially and adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

We are a holding company organized in Florida, with no operations of our own, and we depend on our subsidiaries, incorporated in Hong Kong, Manila and Florida for cash to fund our operations.

Our operations are conducted entirely through our subsidiaries and our ability to generate cash to fund operations or to meet debt service obligations is dependent on the earnings and the receipt of funds from our subsidiaries. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of TD Holdings and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair their ability to make payments to us. Additionally, to the extent that we need funds and our subsidiaries are restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or are otherwise unable to provide such funds, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Our intellectual property rights are critical to our success, and the loss of such rights or the ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights could materially adversely affect our business.

We regard our trademarks, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights as critical to our success and attempt to obtain, maintain and protect such intellectual property with registered and common law trademarks and copyrights, restrictions on disclosure and other actions to prevent infringement. Our success will depend in part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property protection in the United States and other countries with respect to our property and technology. We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, to protect our proprietary technology and prevent others from duplicating our products. However, there can be no assurance that other third parties will not infringe or misappropriate our trademarks and similar proprietary rights. If we lose some or all of our intellectual property rights, our business may be materially adversely affected.

If our trademarks and tradenames are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets and our business may be adversely affected.

Our trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, circumvented, declared generic or determined to be violating or infringing on other marks. We may not be able to protect our rights to these trademarks and trade names or may be forced to stop using these trademarks or trade names, which we need to build name recognition among potential partners and customers in our markets of interest. At times, competitors or other third parties may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement, or dilution claims brought by owners of other trademarks. Over the long term, if we are unable to establish name recognition based on our trademarks and trade names, then we may not be able to compete effectively, and our business may be adversely affected. Our efforts to enforce or protect our rights related to trademarks, trade secrets, domain names or other intellectual property rights may be ineffective, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to claims alleging the intellectual property subject to our licensing agreements is violating the intellectual property rights of others.

We may face significant expense and liability as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to patents and intellectual property rights of others. We could be required to participate in interference proceedings involving issued patents and pending applications of another entity. The cost to us of any such proceeding could be substantial. An adverse outcome in an interference proceeding could require us to cease using the technology, to substantially modify it or to license rights from prevailing third parties. There is no guarantee that any prevailing patent owner would offer us a license so that we could continue to engage in activities claimed by the patent, or that such a license is made available to us or could be acquired on commercially acceptable terms. In addition, third parties may, in the future, assert other intellectual property infringement claims against us with respect to our services, technologies or other matters.

Risks Related to Grom Social

If we fail to retain existing users or add new users, or if our users decrease their level of engagement, our revenue, financial results, and business may be significantly harmed.

The size of our user base and our users’ level of engagement are critical to our success. We have over 28 million Grom Social users under the age of 13 and an almost equal number of parents in our database as of October 2022. Our future financial performance will be significantly determined by our success in adding, retaining, and engaging users. We define a “user” as any child under the age of 13 who joins Grom Social through the website or downloads the Grom Social app from a mobile app store, and any parent who joins Grom Social and any student or faculty that uses our NetSpective web filtering platform. If people do not perceive our site and the content that we offer to be enjoyable, engaging, reliable, and trustworthy, we may not be able to attract or retain users or otherwise maintain or increase the frequency and duration of their interaction on our website. A number of other social networking companies that achieved early popularity have since seen their active user bases or levels of engagement decline, in some cases precipitously. There is no guarantee that we will not experience a similar erosion of our user base or engagement levels. A decrease in user retention, growth, or engagement could render us less attractive to developers and advertisers, which may have a material and adverse impact on our revenue, business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any number of factors could potentially negatively affect our ability to attract and retain user and to increase their engagement on the website, including, if:

	·	our users decide to spend their time on competing sites;

	·	we fail to introduce new and improved content or if we introduce new content or services that are not favorably received;

	·	we are unable to successfully balance our efforts to provide a compelling user experience with the decisions we make with respect to the frequency, prominence, and size of ads and other commercial content that we display;

	·	we are unable to continue to develop products for mobile devices that users find engaging, that work with a variety of mobile operating systems and networks, and that achieve a high level of market acceptance;

	·	there are changes in user sentiment about the quality or usefulness of our products or concerns related to privacy and sharing, safety, security, or other factors;

	·	we are unable to manage and prioritize information to ensure users are presented with content that is interesting, useful, and relevant to them;

	·	there are adverse changes in our products that are mandated by legislation or regulatory authorities;

	·	technical or other problems prevent us from delivering our products in a rapid and reliable manner or otherwise affect the user experience;

	·	we adopt policies or procedures related to areas such as sharing or user data that are perceived negatively by our users or the general public; or

	·	we fail to provide adequate customer service to users, developers, or advertisers;

If we are unable to maintain and increase our user base and user engagement, our revenue, financial results, and future growth potential may be adversely affected.

Our strategy at Grom Social to create new and original content, charge users for that content and attempt to secure advertisers to pay to advertise on our app, could fail to attract or retain users or generate revenue.

Our ability to retain, increase, and engage our user base and to increase our revenue will depend heavily on our ability to create successful new content, both independently and in conjunction with third parties. If new or enhanced content fails to engage users, developers, or advertisers, we may fail to attract or retain users or to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin, or other value to justify our investments, and our business may be adversely affected. In the future, we may invest in new products and initiatives to generate revenue, but there is no guarantee these approaches will be successful. If we are not successful with new approaches to monetization, we may not be able to maintain or grow our revenue as anticipated or recover any associated development costs, and our financial results could be adversely affected.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, or if events occur that damage our reputation and brand, our ability to expand our user base may be impaired, and our business and financial results may be harmed.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing the Grom Social brand is central to expanding our base of users and advertisers. Many of our new users are referred by existing users, and therefore we strive to ensure that our users remain favorably inclined towards our brand. Maintaining and enhancing our brand will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide age-appropriate, enjoyable, reliable, trustworthy, and innovative content and services, which we may not do successfully. We may introduce new content or terms of service that users do not like, which may negatively affect our brand. Additionally, the actions of third-party developers may affect our brand if users do not have a positive experience using third-party apps and websites integrated with our website. We also may fail to provide adequate customer service, which could erode confidence in our brand. Our brand may also be negatively affected by the actions of users that are deemed to be hostile or inappropriate to other users, or by users acting under false or inauthentic identities. Maintaining and enhancing our brand may require us to make substantial investments and these investments may not be successful. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain the Grom Social brand or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business and financial results may be adversely affected.

Our Grom Social platform may be misused by users, despite the safeguards we have in place to protect against such behavior.

Users may be able to circumvent the controls we have in place to prevent abusive, illegal or dishonest activities and behavior on our website, and may engage in such activities and behavior despite these controls. For example, our Grom Social platform could be used to exploit children and to facilitate individuals seeking to engage in improper communications or contact with children. Such potential behavior of such users would injure our other users and would jeopardize the reputation and integrity of our Grom Social platform. Fraudulent users could also post fraudulent profiles or create false or unauthorized profiles on behalf of other, non-consenting parties. This behavior could expose us to liability or lead to negative publicity that could injure the reputation of our Grom Social platform and materially adversely affect our brand.

We could experience system failures or capacity constraints that could negatively impact our Grom Social platform and business.

Our ability to provide reliable service to our users largely depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our Grom Social platform, relying on people, processes, and technology to function effectively. Any significant interruption to, failure of, or security breaches affecting, our Grom Social platform could result in significant expense, a loss of users, and harm to our business and reputation. Interruptions, system failures or security breaches could result from a wide variety of causes, including disruptions to the internet, malicious attacks or cyber incidents such as unauthorized access, loss or destruction of data (including confidential and/or personal customer information), account takeovers, computer viruses or other malicious code, and the loss or failure of systems over which we have no control. The failure of our Grom Social platform, or the loss of data, could result in disruption to our operations, damage to our reputation and remediation costs, which could individually or in the aggregate adversely affect our business and brand.

Improper access to or disclosure of our users’ information, or violation of our terms of service or policies, could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business.

Our efforts to protect the information that our users have chosen to share using Grom Social may be unsuccessful due to the actions of third parties, software bugs or other technical malfunctions, employee error or malfeasance, or other factors. In addition, third parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or users to disclose information in order to gain access to our data or our users’ data. If any of these events occur, our users’ information could be accessed or disclosed improperly. We have a privacy policy that governs the use of information that users have chosen to share using the Grom Social website and how that information may be used by us and third parties. Some third-party developers may store the information provided by our users through apps on the Grom Social platform or websites. If these third parties or developers fail to adopt or adhere to adequate data security practices or fail to comply with our terms and policies, or in the event of a breach of their networks, our users’ data may be improperly accessed or disclosed.

Any incidents involving unauthorized access to or improper use of the information of our users or incidents involving violation of our terms of service or policies, including our privacy policy, could damage our reputation and our brand and diminish our competitive position. In addition, the affected users or government authorities could initiate legal or regulatory action against us in connection with such incidents, which could cause us to incur significant expense and liability or result in orders or consent decrees forcing us to modify our business practices. Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation, or financial results.

We collect, process, share, retain and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulations and other legal obligations related to privacy, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.

A variety of federal, state and foreign laws and regulations govern privacy and the collection, use, retention, sharing and security of personal information. We collect, process, use, share and retain personal information and other user data, including information about our users as they interact with our platform, and we have a privacy policy concerning our use of data on our platform. We are subject to COPPA which regulates the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information from children under 13 years of age and CIPA, which addresses concerns about children’s access to obscene or harmful content over the internet.

Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with COPPA, CIPA, or other applicable privacy laws and regulations or with our privacy policy or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of sensitive information, which may include personally identifiable information or other user data, may result in governmental enforcement actions or litigation, which could be costly to defend and may require us to pay significant fines or damages. Such failures or perceived failures could also result in public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups, our users or others, which could harm our brand and could cause our users, and parents to lose trust in us which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business. Additionally, if third parties we work with, such as advertisers, vendors, content or platform providers, violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may also put the information of our users at risk and could, in turn, have an adverse effect on our business.

We also are or may become required to comply with varying and complex privacy laws and regulations in multiple jurisdictions, and laws and regulations in foreign jurisdictions are sometimes more restrictive than those in the United States. Complying with these laws as they evolve could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

As a result of our collection, retention, and use of personal data, we are or may become subject to diverse laws and regulations in the United States and foreign jurisdictions mandating notification to affected individuals in the event that personal data (as defined in the various governing laws) is accessed or acquired by unauthorized persons. Complying with such numerous and complex regulations in the event of unauthorized access would be expensive and difficult, and failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to regulatory scrutiny and additional liability.

User trust regarding privacy and data security is very important to our brand and the growth of our business, and privacy or data security concerns relating to our Grom Social platform could damage our reputation and brand and deter current and potential users from using our platform, even if we are in compliance with applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations.

Users may curtail or stop their use of our Grom Social platform if our security measures are compromised, if our platform is subject to attacks that degrade or deny the ability of users to access our platform or if our member data is compromised.

Our Grom Social platform collects, processes, stores, shares, discloses and uses the information of our users and their communications. We are vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, phishing attacks, and attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service and other cyber-attacks and similar disruptions from unauthorized use of our computer systems. Our security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance or otherwise. Several recent, highly publicized data security breaches and denial of service attacks at other companies have heightened public awareness of this issue and may embolden individuals or groups to target our systems. Any of the foregoing could lead to interruptions, delays or platform shutdowns, causing loss of critical data or the unauthorized disclosure or use of personally identifiable or other confidential or sensitive information, such as credit card information or information about our members. If our security is compromised, we could experience platform performance or availability problems, the complete shutdown of our platform or the loss or unauthorized disclosure of confidential or sensitive information. We could be subject to liability and litigation and reputational harm, and our users may be harmed, lose confidence in us and decrease or terminate the use of our platform.

We also rely on certain third parties to provide critical services and to store sensitive customer information. For example, our platform is hosted using data centers operated by third parties. However, we have little or no control over the security measures implemented by these parties, and if these measures are compromised, we could be exposed to similar risks and liabilities to those described above.

Unauthorized parties may also fraudulently induce employees or members to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our information or the information of our members or access this information through other means. They might also abuse our systems in other ways, such as by sending spam, which could diminish or otherwise degrade the experience of our members or by compromising or gaining unauthorized access to member accounts. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems change frequently and are becoming increasingly sophisticated, they often are not recognized until launched against a target. Furthermore, such attacks may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, and we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any or all of these issues could negatively impact our ability to attract new members and increase engagement by existing members, cause existing members to stop using our platform or subject us to lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, thereby harming our business and operating results.

Moreover, if a high-profile security breach occurs with respect to another social media provider, our users and potential users may lose trust in the security of our platform generally, which could adversely impact our ability to retain existing users or attract new ones.

If any of our relationships with internet search websites terminate, if such websites’ methodologies are modified or if we are outbid by competitors, traffic to our websites could decline.

We depend in part on various internet search websites, such as Google.com, Bing.com, Yahoo.com, and other websites to direct a significant amount of traffic to our websites. Search websites typically provide two types of search results, algorithmic and purchased listings. Algorithmic listings generally are determined and displayed as a result of a set of unpublished formulas designed by search engine companies in their discretion. Purchased listings generally are displayed if particular word searches are performed on a search engine. We rely on both algorithmic and purchased search results, as well as advertising on other internet websites, to direct a substantial share of visitors to our websites and to direct traffic to the advertiser customers we serve. If these internet search websites modify or terminate their relationship with us or we are outbid by our competitors for purchased listings, meaning that our competitors pay a higher price to be listed above us in a list of search results, traffic to our websites could decline. Such a decline in traffic could affect our ability to generate advertising revenue and could reduce the desirability of advertising on our websites.

We may have difficulty scaling and adapting our existing network infrastructure to accommodate increased traffic and technology advances or changing business requirements, which could cause us to incur significant expenses and lead to the loss of users and advertisers.

To be successful, our network infrastructure has to perform well and be reliable. The greater the user traffic and the greater the complexity of our products and services, the more computer power we will need. We could incur substantial costs if we need to modify our websites or our infrastructure to adapt to technological changes. If we do not maintain our network infrastructure successfully, or if we experience inefficiencies and operational failures, the quality of our products and services and our users’ experience could decline. Maintaining an efficient and technologically advanced network infrastructure is particularly critical to our business because of the pictorial nature of the products and services provided on our websites. A decline in quality could damage our reputation and lead us to lose current and potential users and advertisers. Cost increases, loss of traffic or failure to accommodate new technologies or changing business requirements could harm our operating results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Top Draw Animation

Since Top Draw’s business operations are located in the Philippines, our results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected by economic or political developments in the Philippines.

Top Draw’s business operations are located in the Philippines. As a result, we are subject to certain risks presented by the Philippine economy and regulatory environment. We believe that the Philippine government exercises substantial control over virtually every sector of the Philippine economy through regulations and, in some cases, state-ownership. Our ability to operate Top Draw’s business in the Philippines may be harmed by changes in the local laws and regulations, including those relating to employment, taxation, business regulation, intellectual property rights, property, and other matters.

In the event of adverse weather conditions, calamity or epidemic that may occur in the Philippines, the lack of a fully developed infrastructure could have a material adverse impact on Top Draw’s business.

The vast majority of Top Draw’s employees do not own an automobile and must commute to work using public transportation. Additionally, the power grid in the Philippines is considered substandard compared to developed countries. Any negative event that impacts public transportation or power generation could result in Top Draw’s employees not being able to go to the office to perform their work thus potentially delaying projects.

Operating Top Draw in the Philippines subjects us to challenges and risks unique to operating a business in the Philippines and if we are unable to manage those challenges and risks, the growth of our business could be limited, and our business could suffer.

Operating Top Draw in the Philippines subjects us to a number of risks and challenges that specifically relate to our Philippine operations. Our Philippine operations may not be successful if we are unable to meet and overcome these challenges, which could limit the growth of our business and may have an adverse effect on our revenue and operating results. These risks and challenges include:

	·	difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations, including any impairment to our relationship with employees caused by the change in ownership;

	·	restrictions imposed by local labor practices and laws on our business and operations;

	·	exposure to different business practices and legal standards;

	·	unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

	·	the imposition of government controls and restrictions;

	·	political, social and economic instability and the risk of war, terrorist activities or other international incidents;

	·	the failure of telecommunications and connectivity infrastructure;

	·	natural disasters and public health emergencies;

	·	potentially adverse tax consequences; and

	·	lack of intellectual property protection.

Although we report our results of operations in U.S. dollars, approximately 84% of our revenue is currently denominated in foreign currencies. We do not hedge against currency fluctuations and unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Such fluctuations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate our Top Draw’s revenues, expenses, and income, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Therefore, changes in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will affect our revenues, operating income and the value of balance-sheet items, including intercompany payables and receivables, originally denominated in other currencies. These changes cause our growth in consolidated earnings stated in U.S. dollars to be higher or lower than our growth in other currencies when compared against other periods.

An increase in the value of other currencies, against the U.S. dollar could increase costs for delivery of our digital animation services by increasing labor and other costs that are denominated in other currencies. Conversely, a decrease in the value of other currencies, against the U.S. dollar could place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to service providers that benefit to a greater degree from such a decrease and can, as a result, deliver services at a lower cost.

Historically, Top Draw’s business has been reliant and concentrated upon a limited number of key clients, the loss of any one of which could have a material adverse effect on Top Draw’s and our revenue and financial condition.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Top Draw accounted for approximately 84% of our consolidated revenue. During the same period, three of Top Draw’s clients accounted for approximately 77% of our consolidated revenue. Although the relative percentages by client may change from quarter to quarter, the reliance upon a limited number of clients is not expected to change for the foreseeable future. As a result, a decrease in business or revenue from any one or more of these key clients could materially negatively impact Top Draw’s and our revenue, results of operation, and financial condition.

In order for our digitally animated content and related products to be successful, we must develop appealing creative content.

The success of each digitally animated feature developed and produced by Top Draw depends in large part upon our ability to develop and produce compelling stories and characters that will appeal to our target audience. Traditionally, this process has been extremely difficult. While we believe Top Draw has enjoyed success with its digitally animated features, there can be no assurance that similar levels of success will be achieved by Top Draw’s subsequent features and our other future projects.

We expect to experience intense competition with respect to Top Draw’s digitally animated features and related content.

We expect that Top Draw’s digitally animated features will compete with family-oriented, animated and live-action feature films and other family-oriented entertainment products produced by major movie studios, including Disney, DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc., Warner Bros. Entertainment, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Fox Entertainment Group Inc., Paramount Pictures, Lucasfilm Ltd., Universal Studios, Inc., MGM/UA, and Studio Ghibli as well as numerous other independent motion picture production companies.

We believe competition from animated feature films and family-oriented feature films will likely continue to intensify over the next several years. Some of the other movie studios with which we compete have significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do. In addition to the box office and home video competition, other family-oriented features and films will compete with Top Draw Animation’s digital features.

If we are not able to produce digital features and content that can compete successfully with offerings from our competitors, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, revenue, and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure and Ownership of Our Securities

If we are unable to maintain compliance with all applicable continued listing requirements and standards of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted from Nasdaq.

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “GROM.” In order to maintain that listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other continued listing requirements and standards, including those regarding director independence and independent committee requirements, minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum share price, and certain corporate governance requirements. There can be no assurances that we will be able to remain in compliance with Nasdaq’s listing standards or if we do later fail to comply and subsequently regain compliance with Nasdaq’s listing standards, that we will be able to continue to comply with the applicable listing standards. If we are unable to maintain compliance with these Nasdaq requirements, our common stock will be delisted from Nasdaq.

In the event that our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq due to our failure to continue to comply with any requirement for continued listing on Nasdaq, and is not eligible for quotation on another market or exchange, trading of our common stock could, again, be conducted in the over-the-counter market or on an electronic bulletin board established for unlisted securities such as the OTC Pink or the OTCQB tiers of the OTC marketplace. In such event, it could become more difficult to dispose of, or obtain accurate price quotations for, our common stock, and it would likely be more difficult to obtain coverage by securities analysts and the news media, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline further. Also, it may be difficult for us to raise additional capital if we are not listed on a national exchange. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard.”

Future capital raises may dilute our existing stockholders’ ownership and/or have other adverse effects on our operations.

If we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our existing stockholders’ percentage ownership may decrease, and these stockholders may experience substantial dilution. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt instruments, these debt instruments could impose significant restrictions on our operations, including liens on our assets. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us or could diminish the rights of our stockholders.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future; therefore, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock, will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, future loan arrangements, if any, may contain, terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that may be declared or paid on our common stock. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock, will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

Our board of directors may authorize and issue shares of new classes of stock that could be superior to or adversely affect you as a holder of our common stock.

Our Board has the power to authorize and issue shares of classes of stock, including preferred stock that have voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations and special rights, including preferred distribution rights, conversion rights, redemption rights and liquidation rights without further shareholder approval which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock. In addition, our board could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing shareholders.

Any of these actions could significantly adversely affect the investment made by holders of our common stock. Holders of our common stock could potentially not receive dividends that they might otherwise have received. In addition, holders of our common stock could receive less proceeds in connection with any future sale of the Company, whether in liquidation or on any other basis.

The voting and conversion rights of our issued and outstanding shares of Series C Stock will have the effect of diluting the voting power of existing common stockholders.

Our authorized capital stock includes 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 2,000,000 shares are designated as Series A Stock, 10,000,000 shares are designated as Series B Stock, and 10,000,000 shares are designated as Series C Stock. As of April 11, 2024, no shares of our Series A Stock or Series B Stock, and 9,234,309 shares of Series C Stock, are issued and outstanding. The holders of our outstanding shares of Series C Stock may at any time, after the 6-month anniversary of the issuance of their shares of Series C Stock, convert such shares into shares of our common stock at a conversion price equal to $1,152.00. In addition, the Company may, at any time, require conversion of all or any of the Series C Stock then outstanding at a conversion price equal to $1,152.00. The conversion of shares of our Series C Stock will dilute your interests. If all of the shares of our Series C Stock were converted, we would have 8,023 additional shares of common stock issued and outstanding, which, based on the 8,924,686 shares outstanding as of April 11, 2024, would represent approximately 0.1% of our shares of common stock outstanding, if all of the shares of our Series C Stock were converted.

In addition, the holders of shares of our Series C Stock vote together as a single class with the holders of shares of our common stock, with each share entitling the holder to 1.5625 votes per share. Therefore, as of April 11, 2024, the holders of our 9,234,309 shares of Series C Stock, have an aggregate of approximately 14,442,671 votes, representing approximately 61.8% of our voting power.

The effects of the voting and conversion rights tied to shares of our Series C Stock may affect the rights of our common stockholders by, among other things, restricting dividends on our common stock, diluting the voting power of our common stockholders, reducing the market price of our common stock, or impairing the liquidation rights of our common stock.

Substantial future sales of shares of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

The market price of shares of our common stock could decline as a result of substantial sales of our common stock, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or a large number of shares of our common stock becoming available for sale or the perception in the market that holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares.

The market price of our shares of common stock is subject to fluctuation.

The market prices of our shares may fluctuate significantly in response to factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:

	·	The announcement of new products by our competitors;

	·	The release of new products by our competitors;

	·	Developments in our industry or target markets; and

	·	General market conditions including factors unrelated to our operating performance.

Recently, the stock market, in general, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme market volatility in the price of our shares of common stock which could cause a decline in the value of our shares.

In the event that our common stock is delisted from Nasdaq, U.S. broker-dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in shares of our common stock because they may be considered penny stocks and thus be subject to the penny stock rules.

The SEC has adopted a number of rules to regulate “penny stock” that restricts transactions involving stock which is deemed to be penny stock. These rules may have the effect of reducing the liquidity of penny stocks. “Penny stocks” generally are equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 per share (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on Nasdaq if current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). Our shares of common stock constitute a “penny stock” within the meaning of the rules. The additional sales practice and disclosure requirements imposed upon U.S. broker-dealers may discourage such broker-dealers from effecting transactions in shares of our common stock, which could severely limit the market liquidity of such shares of common stock and impede their sale in the secondary market.

Stockholders should be aware that, according to the SEC, the market for “penny stocks” has suffered in recent years from patterns of fraud and abuse. Such patterns include (i) control of the market for the security by one or a few broker-dealers that are often related to the promoter or issuer; (ii) manipulation of prices through prearranged matching of purchases and sales and false and misleading press releases; (iii) “boiler room” practices involving high-pressure sales tactics and unrealistic price projections by inexperienced sales persons; (iv) excessive and undisclosed bid-ask differentials and markups by selling broker-dealers; and (v) the wholesale dumping of the same securities by promoters and broker-dealers after prices have been manipulated to a desired level, resulting in investor losses. Our management is aware of the abuses that have occurred historically in the penny stock market. Although we do not expect to be in a position to dictate the behavior of the market or of broker-dealers who participate in the market, management will strive within the confines of practical limitations to prevent the described patterns from being established with respect to our securities.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Several analysts may cover our stock. If one or more of those analysts downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

The market price for our common stock is particularly volatile given our status as a relatively unknown company with a small and thinly traded public float, and lack of profits, which could lead to wide fluctuations in our share price.

The market for our common stock is characterized by significant price volatility when compared to the shares of larger, more established companies that have large public floats, and we expect that our share price will continue to be more volatile than the shares of such larger, more established companies for the indefinite future. The volatility in our share price is attributable to a number of factors. First, as noted above, our common stock is, compared to the shares of such larger, more established companies, sporadically and thinly traded. The price for our common stock could, for example, decline precipitously in the event that a large number of our common stock is sold on the market without commensurate demand. Secondly, we are a speculative or “risky” investment due to our lack of profits to date. As a consequence of this enhanced risk, more risk-adverse investors may, under the fear of losing all or most of their investment in the event of negative news or lack of progress, be more inclined to sell their shares of common stock on the market more quickly and at greater discounts than would be the case with the stock of a larger, more established company that has a large public float. Many of these factors are beyond our control and may decrease the market price of our common stock regardless of our operating performance.

If and when a larger trading market for our common stock develops, the market price of our common stock is still likely to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors that are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

	·	variations in our revenues and operating expenses;

	·	actual or anticipated changes in the estimates of our operating results or changes in stock market analyst recommendations regarding our common stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally;

	·	market conditions in our industry, the industries of our customers and the economy as a whole;

	·	actual or expected changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;

	·	developments in the financial markets and worldwide or regional economies;

	·	announcements of innovations or new products or services by us or our competitors;

	·	announcements by the government relating to regulations that govern our industry;

	·	sales of our common stock or other securities by us or in the open market;

	·	changes in the market valuations of other comparable companies; and

	·	other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control, including those resulting from such events, or the prospect of such events, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts, public health issues including health epidemics or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and natural disasters such as fire, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States or elsewhere, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of our suppliers or result in political or economic instability.

In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or operating results. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry, even if these events do not directly affect us. Each of these factors, among others, could harm the value of your investment in our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted against companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness could continue to adversely affect our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our management is likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses identified through such evaluation in those internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As described elsewhere in this Annual Report, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to functional controls and segregation of duties. As a result of this material weakness, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2023.

Any failure to maintain such internal control could adversely impact our ability to report our financial position and results from operations on a timely and accurate basis, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. In addition, we would likely incur additional accounting, legal and other costs in connection with any remediation steps. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.

To respond to this material weakness, we have devoted, and plan to continue to devote, significant effort and resources to the remediation and improvement of our internal control over financial reporting. While we have processes to identify and appropriately apply applicable accounting requirements, we plan to enhance these processes to better evaluate our research and understanding of the nuances of the complex accounting standards that apply to our financial statements. Our plans at this time include providing enhanced access to accounting literature, research materials and documents and increased communication among our personnel and third-party professionals with whom we consult regarding complex accounting applications. Additionally, we have hired, and plan to continue to hire, as resources permit, qualified accounting personnel to better manage our functional controls and segregate responsibilities. The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time, and we can offer no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

We can give no assurance that the measures we have taken and plan to take in the future will remediate the material weakness identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future those controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our financial statements.

Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act could prevent us from producing reliable financial reports or identifying fraud. In addition, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could have an adverse effect on our stock price.

We are subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud, and a lack of effective controls could preclude us from accomplishing these critical functions. We are required to document and test our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in connection with, PCAOB AS 2201 which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, and concluded that our internal controls and procedures were not effective.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity

We regularly review our cybersecurity defenses to assess our vulnerability to cybersecurity attacks from viruses, malware and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks such as hackers looking to demand ransomware or access our systems to obtain information and data, as well as our vulnerability to cybersecurity failures resulting from human error and technological errors. We rely upon internal IT personnel working in conjunction with specialized outside security consultants on a day-to-day basis to conduct reviews and upgrade our systems when determined to be necessary.

Our overall strategy in combatting cybersecurity risks includes a variety of measures, including:

	·	the use of antivirus software, virtual private networks, email security, as well as other software and system-wide measures such as multi-factor authorization to prevent and detect data intrusions;

	·	deployment of updates and patches as they become available from our software suppliers and consultants and maintaining the current versions of major software to reduce the exposure to vulnerabilities;

	·	the use of third-party services to conduct mandatory online training for all employees regarding identifying and avoiding cyber-security risks;

	·	the review of the security procedures used by third parties that may host or otherwise have access to our systems;

	·	the deployment of third-party cyber-security experts to perform penetration testing on our internal and external networks and systems in an effort to identify potential vulnerabilities; and consideration of the cybersecurity risks posed by interacting with current and potential third-party service providers, suppliers and customers.

We are not aware of any existent weakness in our systems or malware embedded in our systems that would materially affect, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our operations.

Board Oversight

The Board, as a whole, has oversight responsibility for our strategic and operational risks. The Audit Committee of our Board, which is composed of all non-employee directors, is responsible for oversight of our efforts to eliminate cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and, in turn, reports its finding to the Board.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We lease approximately 2,100 square feet of office space as our principal executive offices in Boca Raton, Florida for approximately $4,000 per month on a month-to-month basis. Our most recent two-year lease agreement expired on March 31, 2024.

Our animation business leases an aggregate of approximately 26,600 square feet in the West Tower of the Philippine Stock Exchange Centre in Pasig City, Manila for administration and production purposes. We currently pay approximately $20,500 per month for such space (which increases by approximately 5% per year). These leases expire in December 2027.

Our web filtering business leases approximately 1,900 square feet in Peachtree Corners, Georgia, for approximately $2,450 per month pursuant to an amended and assigned five-year lease which now expires in May 2025. The lease payments increase by approximately 3% annually.

Our original content business leases approximately 153 square feet in Calabasas, California, for approximately $1,550 per month pursuant to a one-year lease which expires in November 2024.

We believe our leased space for the present time is adequate and additional space at comparable prices is available at all locations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are no pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or in which any director, officer or affiliate of ours, any owner of record or beneficially of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, or security holder is a party adverse to us or has a material interest adverse to us.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None

PART II

Our shares of our common stock are quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “GROM.” Such quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down, or commission and do not necessarily represent actual transactions.

The last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 11, 2024, was $0.7198.

Holders

As of April 11, 2024, there were 439 shareholders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. As a result, the Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan

The following table provides information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023:

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Plan category

Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights

Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights

Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

347

⁽¹⁾

1,788.00

10,000,000

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

–

______________

⁽¹⁾Represents options to purchase an aggregate of 347 shares of common stock issued to officers and employees for services provided to the Company at an exercise price of $1,788.00.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

There were no sales of equity securities during the period covered by this Annual Report that were not registered under the Securities Act and were not previously reported in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company.

ITEM 6. [Reserved]

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto. The management's discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words "believe," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "target," "estimate," "expect" and the like, and/or future tense or conditional constructions ("will," "may," "could," "should," etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those under "Risk Factors," which appear in elsewhere in this Annual Report, that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Annual Report.

The share and per share information in the following discussion reflects a reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock at a 1-for-20 ratio, effective as of September 7, 2023.

Overview

We were incorporated in the State of Florida on April 14, 2014 under the name Illumination America, Inc.

	·	Grom Social, Inc. (“GSOC”), incorporated in the State of Florida on March 5, 2012, operates our social media network designed for children under the age of 13 years.

	·	TD Holdings Limited (“TDH”), incorporated in Hong Kong on September 15, 2005, operates through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries: (i) Top Draw Animation Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong corporation (“TDAHK”), and (ii) Top Draw Animation, Inc., a Philippines corporation (“TDAM”). The group’s principal activities are the production of animated films and television series.

	·	Grom Educational Services, Inc. (“GEDU”), incorporated in the State of Florida on January 17, 2017, operates our web filtering services provided to schools and government agencies.

	·	Grom Nutritional Services, Inc. (“GNUT”), incorporated in the State of Florida on April 19, 2017, intends to market and distribute nutritional supplements to children. It has been nonoperational since its inception.

	·	Curiosity Ink Media, LLC (“CIM”), organized in the State of Delaware on January 5, 2017, develops, acquires, builds, grows and maximizes the short, mid and long-term commercial potential of kids and family entertainment properties and associated business opportunities.

We own 100% of each of GSOC, TDH, GEDU and GNUT, and 80% of CIM.

We have three reportable business segments: Animation, which includes TDH; Original Content, which includes CIM; and Social & Technology, which includes GSOC and GEDU.

Recent Developments

PIPE Offering and Related Waiver

On January 25, 2023, we consummated a private investment in public equity offering (the “PIPE Offering”) pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 25, 2023, as amended (the “January 2023 SPA”) that we entered into with institutional investors, in which we issued (i) 5,000 shares of common stock; (ii) 66,372 purchase warrants (the “January 2023 Purchase Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 116,151 shares of common stock; and (iii) 61,372 pre-funded warrants (the “January 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants”, together with the January 2023 Purchase Warrants, the “January 2023 Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 61,372 shares of common stock. The purchase price of each share of common stock and associated January 2023 Purchase Warrant was $45.20. The purchase price of each January 2023 Pre-Funded Warrant and associated January 2023 Purchase Warrant was $45.00. The aggregate gross proceeds of the PIPE Offering was approximately $3.0 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other expenses payable by us. EF Hutton LLC (then known as EF Hutton, division of Benchmark Investments, LLC), acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the PIPE Offering.

In connection with the PIPE Offering, we entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver”) with L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (“L1”) waiving certain provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2021 (the “2021 SPA”), by and between L1 and us. Pursuant to the terms of the Waiver, L1 waived certain provisions of the 2021 SPA and in consideration thereof, we (i) issued 7,500 purchase warrants substantially similar to the January 2023 Purchase Warrants issued in connection with the January 2023 SPA; and (ii) paid a cash fee of $50,000 to L1.

Pursuant to the January 2023 SPA, we were obligated to hold a special stockholders’ meeting no later than 60 days following the date of the January 2023 SPA to solicit the approval of the issuance of the shares of common stock, January 2023 Warrants, and the shares of common stock underlying the January 2023 Warrants in compliance with the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (without regard to any limitations on exercise set forth in the January 2023 Purchase Warrants or the January 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants). On March 27, 2023, we held a virtual special meeting of stockholders, and at the meeting, the issuance of the securities in compliance with the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market has been approved.

In connection with the PIPE Offering, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the investors, dated January 25, 2023 (the “PIPE Registration Rights Agreement”). The PIPE Registration Rights Agreement provided that we shall file a registration statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the PIPE Registration Rights Agreement) with the SEC. On February 2, 2023, we filed the registration statement, and on February 9, 2023, the registration statement was declared effective by the SEC.

September 2023 Offering

On September 7, 2023, we sold an aggregate 946,000 units (the “Units”) at a price of $3.00 per Unit and 54,000 pre-funded units (the “Pre-Funded Units”) at a price of $2.999 per Pre-Funded Unit, with (a) each Unit consisting of: (i) one share of common stock; (ii) one Series A Warrant (the “Series A Warrant”); and (iii) one Series B Warrant (the “Series B Warrant”, together with the Series A Warrant, the “September 2023 Offering Warrants”), each September 2023 Offering Warrant to purchase one share of common stock at $3.00 per share (100% of the offering price per Unit); and (b) each Pre-Funded Unit consisting of: (i) one pre-funded warrant (the “September 2023 Pre-Funded Warrant”) exercisable for one share of common stock at $0.001 per share; (ii) one Series A Warrant; and (iii) one Series B Warrant, identical to the September 2023 Offering Warrants in the Unit. The September 2023 Offering Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The September 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. We received approximately $3.0 million in gross proceeds from the offering (the “September 2023 Offering”), prior to deducting the underwriting discount and commission and other estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, we granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 150,000 shares of common stock and/or September 2023 Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock and/or September 2023 Offering Warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock to cover over-allotments.

The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by us, conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of us and the underwriters, “lock-up” agreements where we and each of our officers, directors and 5% shareholders have agreed with the underwriters not to offer for sale, issue, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock for a period of 90 days from the commencement of sale under the final prospectus relating to the September 2023 Offering.

Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard

On April 10, 2023, we received a deficiency letter (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department (the “Staff”) of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying us that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the last 30 consecutive business days, we were not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for continued listing on Nasdaq, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Requirement”). The Notice had no immediate effect on the continued listing status of our common stock on Nasdaq, and, therefore, our listing remained fully effective. We were provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or until October 9, 2023, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).

On September 21, 2023, we received a compliance letter from the Staff notifying us that the closing bid price of our common stock had been at $1.00 per share or greater for the last 10 consecutive business days and thus we have regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and the matter is now closed.

On February 29, 2024, we received another deficiency letter (the “Letter”) from the Staff indicating that unless we request a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) by March 7, 2024, our securities will be delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market based upon our non-compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The Letter specified that we are not in compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2)), as the bid price for our listed securities closed at less than $1 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days. Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iv), as we previously implemented two reverse stock splits over the prior two-year period with a cumulative ratio of 250 shares or more to one, we are not eligible for any compliance period specified in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A).

On March 6, 2024, we requested a hearing before the Panel to appeal the determination made by the Staff, and Nasdaq has scheduled the hearing for May 2, 2024. Accordingly, the suspension of our securities has been stayed, pending the Panel’s decision.

On April 15, 2023 we received a letter from the Panel that based on our written appeal, Nasdaq has granted an extension until August 27, 2024 provided that we effect a reverse stock split no later than August 13, 2024 to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Requirement.

Reverse Stock Split

On June 23, 2023, our Board and shareholders approved the granting of authority to the Board to amend our articles of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock, by a ratio of no less than 1-for-2 and no more than 1-for-20, with the exact ratio to be determined by the Board in its sole discretion, and with such reverse stock split to be effective at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. On September 7, 2023, our Board effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split in connection with the continued listing of our common stock on Nasdaq. The reverse stock split did not have any impact on the number of authorized shares of common stock, which remains at 500,000,000 shares.

November 2023 SPA with Generating Alpha

On November 9, 2023, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (as amended on November 20, 2023 and March 11, 2024, the “November 2023 SPA”) with Generating Alpha Ltd. (“Generating Alpha”) pursuant to which we have agreed to sell two convertible promissory notes, with each note having an initial principal amount of $4,000,000, for a price of $3,640,000 per note. In connection with the purchase and sale of the notes, we have agreed to issue to Generating Alpha warrants to acquire a total of 3,028,146 shares of our common stock.

On December 21, 2023, we consummated a private placement offering (the “December 2023 Offering”) pursuant to the November 2023 SPA, as amended on November 20, 2023, with Generating Alpha for the purchase of (1) a convertible promissory note, dated December 21, 2023 and amended on March 11, 2024 (the “December 2023 Note”), having an initial principal amount of $4,000,000, (2) a common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 757,036 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.78 per share of common stock (the “Warrant A”), and (3) a common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 757,036 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share of common stock (the “Warrant B”, together with the Warrant A, the “December 2023 Offering Warrants”). The purchase price of the December 2023 Note was $3,640,000. The aggregate gross proceeds of the December 2023 Offering were approximately $3.6 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other expenses payable by us.

In connection with the November 2023 SPA, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 21, 2023 (the “December 2023 Registration Rights Agreement”), with Generating Alpha. The December 2023 Registration Rights Agreement provided that we shall file a registration statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the December 2023 Registration Rights Agreement) with the SEC.

On March 11, 2024, we entered into a second amendment agreement (the “Second Amendment”) to the November 2023 SPA with Generating Alpha, pursuant to which (1) the exercise price of each of the Warrant A and the Warrant C (as described in the November 2023 SPA) has been amended from $1.78 per share of common stock to $0.001 per share, and (2) we shall promptly effect a reverse stock split in the event that the closing price of our common stock falls below $0.25 per share for a period of five consecutive trading days.

In connection with the Second Amendment, we entered into an amendment to the December 2023 Note with Generating Alpha, pursuant to which in no event shall the conversion price be less than $0.25.

EF Hutton LLC is acting as placement agent for the financing.

Non-Binding Letter of Intent with Arctic7

On March 5, 2024, we signed a non-binding letter of intent to acquire Arctic7, Inc. (“Arctic7”), an emerging gaming industry service provider, through issuance of shares of our common stock. Arctic7 is currently engaged in the business of providing full game development, co-development, transmedia and virtual production services to its customers and partners.

March 2024 SPA with Generating Alpha

On March 11, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “March 2024 SPA”) with Generating Alpha pursuant to which we have agreed to issue and sell to Generating Alpha from time to time up to $25 million of common stock.

Pursuant to the March 2024 SPA, we may require Generating Alpha to purchase shares of common stock by delivering put notices to Generating Alpha, subject to certain conditions set forth therein, at a purchase price of 85% of the lowest traded price of our common stock during the 10 trading days immediately preceding the date 10 business days after the date the put shares have been accepted and cleared by Generating Alpha’s brokerage firm. We have agreed to issue to Generating Alpha as a commitment fee a Common Stock Purchase Warrant (the “Warrant”) for 2,314,814 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.001 per share.

In connection with the March 2024 SPA, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “March 2024 Registration Rights Agreement”) with Generating Alpha, pursuant to which we have agreed to use our commercially reasonable efforts to file a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC on a date no later than sixty (60) days following the date thereof and to have the Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC within thirty (30) calendar days, but no more than ninety (90) calendar days, after we have filed the Registration Statement.

April 2024 SPA with Generating Alpha

On April 1, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “April 2024 SPA”) with Generating Alpha pursuant to which we have agreed to sell a convertible promissory note (the “April 2024 Note”), having an initial principal amount of $650,000, for a price of $520,000. In connection with the purchase and sale of the April 2024 Note, we have agreed to issue to Generating Alpha a common stock purchase warrant to acquire a total of 962,962 shares of our common stock. The transactions closed on April 4, 2024.

In connection with the April 2024 SPA, we entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 1, 2024 (the “April 2024 Registration Rights Agreement”), with Generating Alpha. The April 2024 Registration Rights Agreement provided that we shall file a registration statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the April 2024 Registration Rights Agreement) with the SEC.

EF Hutton LLC is acting as placement agent for the financing.

Results of Operations

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the specified periods, as well as changes between periods and as a percentage of revenue for those same periods:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023					2022					Year over Year Comparison
	Amount			% Revenue		Amount			% Revenue		Amount			% Change

Sales	$	4,041,020			100.0%	$	5,426,501			100.0%	$	(1,385,481	)		-25.5%
Cost of goods sold		2,674,440			66.2%		3,664,766			67.5%		(990,326	)		-27.0%
Gross profit		1,366,580			33.8%		1,761,735			32.5%		(395,155	)		-22.4%
Operating expenses:
Depreciation and amortization		590,611			14.6%		311,574			5.7%		279,037			89.6%
Selling, general and administrative		7,659,004			189.5%		7,313,145			134.8%		325,859			4.7%
Professional fees		1,559,490			38.6%		1,467,323			27.0%		92,167			6.3%
Impairment of goodwill		4,876,106			120.7%		11,340,115			209.0%		(6,464,009	)		-57.0%
Total operating expenses		14,685,211			363.4%		20,432,157			376.5%		(5,746,946	)		-28.1%
Loss from operations		(13,318,631	)		-329.6%		(18,670,422	)		-344.1%		5,351,791			-28.7%
Other income (expense)
Interest expense, net		(554,686	)		-13.7%		(3,348,867	)		-61.7%		2,794,181			-83.4%
Loss on settlement of derivative liabilities		–			0.0%		(143,598	)		-2.6%		143,598			-100.0%
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration		–			0.0%		5,586,493			102.9%		(5,586,493	)		-100.0%
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities		–			0.0%		49,047			0.9%		(49,047	)		-100.0%
Other gains (losses)		(24,368	)		-0.6%		206,787			3.8%		(231,155	)		-111.8%
Total other income (expense)		(579,054	)		-14.3%		2,349,862			43.3%		(2,928,916	)		-124.6%
Loss before income taxes		(13,897,685	)		-343.9%		(16,320,560	)		-300.8%		2,422,875			-14.8%
Provision for income taxes (benefit)		(18,528	)		-0.5%		446,178			8.2%		(464,706	)		-104.2%
Net loss		(13,879,157	)		-343.5%		(16,766,738	)		-309.0%		2,887,581			-17.2%
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,351,728	)		-33.5%		(434,102	)		-8.0%		(917,626	)		211.4%
Net loss attributable to Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. stockholders		(12,527,429	)		-310.0%		(16,332,636	)		-301.0%		3,805,207			-23.3%
Dividends to Series C preferred stockholders		742,546			18.4%		735,586			13.6%		6,960			0.9%
Net loss attributable to Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. common stockholders		(13,269,975	)		-328.4%		(17,068,222	)		-314.5%		3,798,247			-22.3%

Revenue

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $4,041,020, compared to revenue of $5,426,501 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $1,385,481 or 25.5%.

	Year Ended December 31,				Year over Year Comparison
	2023		2022		Amount			% Change

Animation	$	3,375,751	$	4,796,775	$	(1,421,024	)		-29.6%
Original content		237,579		146,070		91,509			62.6%
Social and technology		427,690		483,656		(55,966	)		-11.6%
Total revenue	$	4,041,020	$	5,426,501	$	(1,385,481	)		-25.5%

Animation revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $3,375,751, compared to animation revenue of $4,796,775 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $1,421,024 or 29.6%. The decrease in animation revenue is primarily attributable to a smaller number of animation projects currently in production as compared to the prior year.

Original content revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $237,539, compared to original content revenue of $146,070 during the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in original content revenue is attributable to an increase in publishing sales and commercial projects.

Social and technology revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $427,690, compared to social and technology revenue of $483,656 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $55,966 or 11.6%. The decrease is primarily due to a decline in sales and the timing or loss of multi-year contract renewals from our web filtering solutions.

Gross Profit

Our gross profits vary significantly by subsidiary. In recent years, our animation segment has realized gross profits between 25% and 35%, while our social & technology segment has realized gross profits between 90% and 95%. Our gross profits may vary from period to period due to the nature of the business of each segment, and the timing and volume of customer contracts and projects. Current gross margins percentages may not be indicative of future gross margin performance.

Gross profit for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,366,580, or 33.8%, and $1,761,735, or 32.5%, respectively. The decrease in the amount of our gross profit is primarily attributable to lower animation revenue levels, while the nominal increase in our gross profit percentage is attributable improved profit margins in our original content segment.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $14,685,211, compared to operating expenses of $20,432,157 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $5,746,946 or 28.1%. The decrease is primarily attributable to impairment charges against the goodwill of our animation and original content businesses, offset by higher selling, general and administrative costs, specifically in production and development, and employee headcount, compensation and benefits.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses are comprised of selling, marketing and promotional expenses, compensation and benefits, insurance, rent and related facility costs, research and development, and other general expenses. SG&A expenses were $7,659,004 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $7,313,145 for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing an increase of $345,859 or 4.7%.

Professional fees are comprised of accounting and compliance services, legal services, investor relations and other advisory fees. Professional fees were $1,559,490 for the year ended December 2023, compared to $1,467,323 for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $92,167 or 6.3%.

At December 31, 2023, we performed our annual impairment tests as prescribed by ASC 350 on the carrying value of our goodwill and recorded an aggregate impairment charge of $4,876,106; of which $954,655 was attributed to the carrying value of goodwill related to our animation segment, and $3,921,451 was attributed to the carrying value of goodwill related to our original content segment. The determination was made as the result of our qualitative assessment of each business unit, including the decline in our animation revenues and delay in monetization of our original content properties. Comparatively, at December 31, 2022, we performed our annual impairment tests as prescribed by ASC 350 on the carrying value of our goodwill and recorded an aggregate impairment charge of $11,340,115; of which $6,202,888 was attributed to the carrying value of goodwill related to our animation segment, and $5,137,227 was attributed to the carrying value of goodwill related to our original content segment. The determinations were made as the result of our qualitative assessment of each business unit, including the decline in our animation revenues and delay in monetization of our original content properties.

Other Income (Expense)

Net other expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $579,054, compared to a net other income of $2,349,862 for the year ended December 31, 2022, representing an increase of $2,928,916 or 124.6%.

Interest expense is comprised of interest accrued and paid on our convertible notes and recorded from the amortization of note discounts. Interest expense was $554,686 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $3,348,867 during the year ended December 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $2,794,181 or 83.4%. The decrease is attributable to lower debt levels, and less amortization expense recorded against debt discounts and charges associated with derivative liabilities.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a gain of 5,586,493 recorded for the change in fair value of our contingent purchase consideration, offset in part by increased interest expense of $1,052,350 related to the recognition of a derivative liability and a loss of $143,598 on the settlement of a substantial portion of the derivative liability recognized.

Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders

We realized a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $13,269,975, or $15.54 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $17,068,222, or $463.48 per share, during the year ended December 31, 2022 representing a decrease in net loss attributable to common stockholders of $3,798,247 or 22.3%.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2,505,449.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $8,873,024, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $6,976,120 during the year ended December 31, 2022 representing an increase in cash used of $1,896,904, primarily due to the decrease in our consolidated revenues and change in our working capital assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $28,668, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $91,297 during the year ended December 31, 2022 representing a decrease in cash used of $62,629. This decrease is directly attributable to a decrease in the amount of fixed assets purchased during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $7,507,427, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $4,471,967 for the year ended December 31, 2022 representing an increase in cash provided of $3,035,460. The primary reason for the increase is attributable to the amount of proceeds received from the sale of our common stock and convertible notes as compared to amount of proceeds received from similar offerings completed in 2022. Additionally, we settled a derivative liability related to a convertible note for $1,146,901 during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Our primary sources of cash from financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 were attributable to $4,948,497 in proceeds from the sale of our common stock and $3,042,400 in proceeds from the sale of senior secured convertible notes, as compared to $4,360,330 in proceeds from the sale of our common stock and $1,444,000 in proceeds from the sale of senior secured convertible notes during the year ended December 31, 2022. These sources of cash were offset, in part, by the repayment of convertible notes and loans payable of $495,793 during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to repayments of convertible notes and loans for $185,741 and cash settlement of a derivative liability of $1,146,901 in accordance with note conversions during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Going Concern

We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception. We have funded our operations primarily through sales of our common stock in public markets, proceeds from the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock, and the sale of convertible notes. Future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the (i) rate of revenue growth, (ii) expansion of sales and marketing activities, (iii) timing and extent of spending on content development efforts, and (iv) market acceptance of our content, products and services.

Our management intends to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities or debt to enable us to meet our obligations for the twelve-month period. However, there can be no assurance that, in the event we require additional financing, such financing will be available at terms acceptable to us, if at all. Failure to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and/or raise additional capital could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our intended business objectives. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve months from the date of this report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to revenue recognition, valuation of accounts receivable and inventories, purchase price allocation of acquired businesses, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of financial instruments, income taxes, and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience, known or expected trends and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable given the quality of information available as of the date of these financial statements. The results of these assumptions provide the basis for making estimates about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Segment and Related Information

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 280 (“ASC 280”), Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the financial performance and the results of operations of the segments prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company.

The Company has three reportable business segments: (i) Animation, which includes the operations of TDH and its subsidiaries; (ii) Original Content, which includes the operations of CIM; and (iii) Social & Technology, which includes the business of both GSOC and GEDU.

Revenue Recognition

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The guidance provided in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 (“ASC 606”) requires entities to use a five-step model to recognize revenue by allocating the consideration from contracts to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also requires new disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. ASC 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs – Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer.

Animation Revenue

Animation revenue is primarily generated from contracts with customers for preproduction and production services related to the development of animated movies and television series. Preproduction activities include producing storyboards, location design, model and props design, background color and color styling. Production focuses on library creation, digital asset management, background layout scene assembly, posing, animation and after effects. We provide services under fixed-price contracts. Under fixed-price contracts, we agree to perform the specified work for a pre-determined price. To the extent actual costs vary from estimated costs, our profit may increase, decrease, or result in a loss.

We identify a contract under ASC 606 once (i) it is approved by all parties, (ii) the rights of the parties are identified, (iii) the payment terms are identified, (iv) the contract has commercial substance, and (v) collectability of consideration is probable.

We evaluate the services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. The services in our contracts are distinct from one another as the referring parties typically can direct all, limited, or single portions of the various preproduction and production activities required to create and design and entire episode to us and we therefore have a history of developing standalone selling prices for all of these distinct components. Accordingly, our contracts are typically accounted for as containing multiple performance obligations.

We determine the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration we expect to receive for the distinct services being provided under the contract.

We recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the services. In determining when performance obligations are satisfied, we consider factors such as contract terms, payment terms and whether there is an alternative future use of the product or service. Substantially all of our revenue is recognized over time as we perform under the contract due to the contractual terms present in each contract which irrevocably transfer control of the work product to the customer as the services are performed.

For performance obligations recognized over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress made towards completion of the performance obligation. We use the input method because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as we incur costs against its contracts. Under the input method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs to complete the performance obligation. The input method requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of contract assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to the total estimated amount of costs that will be incurred for a project or job.

Ecommerce Revenue

Ecommerce revenue includes sales of merchandise and delivery revenue related to merchandise sold. Revenue is recognized when control of product passes to customers, which is when the merchandise is expected to be received by the customer. The Company recognizes revenue in the amount expected to be received when control of the Company’s products transfers to customers, and is presented net of various fixed percentage price allocations.

The Company excludes from revenue, taxes assessed by governmental authorities, including sales-related taxes, that are imposed on and concurrent with revenue-producing activities.

Produced and Licensed Content Revenue

Produced and licensed content revenues are generated from the licensing of internally-produced films and television programs.

Licensed internally-produced films and television programming, each individual film or episode delivered represents a separate performance obligation and revenues are recognized when the episode is made available to the licensee for exhibition. For license agreements containing multiple deliverables, revenues are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each film or episode of a television series, which is based on licenses for comparable films or series within the marketplace. Agreements to license programming are often long term, with collection terms ranging from one to five years.

The advanced billing component for licensed content is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon completion of the performance obligation in accordance with the terms of licensing agreement.

Publishing Revenue

Publishing revenues are recognized when merchandise is shipped or electronically delivered to the consumer. Consumer print books are generally sold with a right of return. The Company records a returns reserve and corresponding decrease in revenue at the time of sale based upon historical trends. For publishing revenues, payments are due shortly after shipment or electronic delivery.

Web Filtering Revenue

Web filtering revenue from subscription sales is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the subscription period. Typically, a subscriber purchases computer hardware and a software and support service license for a period of use between one year to five years. The subscriber is billed in full at the time of the sale. We immediately recognize revenue attributable to the computer hardware as it is non-refundable and control passes to the customer. The advanced billing component for software and service is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the subscription period.

Fair Value Measurements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We use the market approach to measure fair value for its Level 1 financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The respective carrying value of certain balance sheet financial instruments approximates its fair value. These financial instruments include cash, trade receivables, related party payables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings. Fair values were estimated to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short term in nature, and they are receivable or payable on demand.

The estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations and reporting units and long-lived assets used in the related asset impairment tests utilize inputs classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

We determine the fair value of contingent consideration based on a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis. The fair value remeasurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in the fair value hierarchy. In each period, we reassess our current estimates of performance relative to the stated targets and adjusts the liability to fair value. Any such adjustments are included as a component of Other Income (Expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Capitalized Prepublication Costs

Prepublication costs include costs incurred to create and develop the art, prepress, editorial, digital conversion and other content required for the creation of the master copy of a book or other media. Prepublication costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over a two- to five-year period based on expected future revenue. The Company regularly reviews the recoverability of the capitalized costs based on expected future revenues.

Capitalized Produced and Licensed Content Costs

Produced and licensed content costs include capitalizable direct costs, production overhead, interest and development costs and are stated at the lower of cost, less accumulated amortization, or fair value. Marketing, distribution and general and administrative costs are expensed as incurred.

Film, television and direct to consumers through streaming services production and residual costs are expensed over the product life cycle based upon the ratio of the current period’s revenues to estimated remaining total revenues (Ultimate Revenues) for each production. For film productions and direct to consumer services, Ultimate Revenues include revenues from all sources that will be earned within ten years from the date of the initial release. For television series, Ultimate Revenues include revenues that will be earned within ten years from delivery of the first episode, or if still in production, five years from delivery of the most recent episode, if later. Costs of film, television and direct to consumer productions are subject to regular recoverability assessments, which compare the estimated fair values with the unamortized costs. The Company bases these fair value measurements on the Company’s assumptions about how market participants would price the assets at the balance sheet date, which may be different than the amounts ultimately realized in future periods. The amount by which the unamortized costs of film and television productions exceed their estimated fair values is written off. Costs for projects that have been abandoned are written off. Projects that have not been set for production within three years are also written off unless management has committed to a plan to proceed with the project and is actively working on and funding the project.

Capitalized Website Development Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs associated with the development of its Santa.com website after the preliminary project stage is complete and until the website is ready for its intended use. Planning and operating costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, project plan is defined, functionalities are determined and internal and external resources are identified. Qualified costs incurred during the operating stage of our software applications relating to upgrades and enhancements are capitalized to the extent it is probable that they will result in added functionality, while costs that cannot be separated between maintenance of, and minor upgrades and enhancements to the websites are expensed as incurred.

Capitalized website costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of three years beginning with the time when it is ready for intended use. Amounts amortized are presented through cost of sales. Management evaluates the useful lives of these assets on an annual basis and tests for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the Company’s acquisitions is attributable to the value of the potential expanded market opportunity with new customers.

Intangible assets have either an identifiable or indefinite useful life. Intangible assets with identifiable useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their economic or legal life, whichever is shorter. The Company’s amortizable intangible assets consist of customer relationships and non-compete agreements. Their useful lives range from 1.5 to 10 years. The Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived assets are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment testing unless circumstances dictate more frequent assessments. The Company performs an annual impairment assessment for goodwill during the fourth quarter of each year and more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of the asset may be less than the carrying amount. The evaluation begins with a qualitative assessment to determine whether a quantitative impairment test is necessary. If, after assessing qualitative factors, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed.

The quantitative goodwill impairment test used to identify potential impairment compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit represents the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit and is determined by considering both the income approach and market approaches. The fair values calculated under the income approach and market approaches are weighted based on circumstances surrounding the reporting unit. Under the income approach, the Company determines fair value based on estimated future cash flows of the reporting unit, which are discounted to the present value using discount factors that consider the timing and risk of cash flows. For the discount rate, the Company relies on the capital asset pricing model approach, which includes an assessment of the risk-free interest rate, the rate of return from publicly traded stocks, the Company’s risk relative to the overall market, the Company’s size and industry and other Company-specific risks. Other significant assumptions used in the income approach include the terminal value, growth rates, future capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements. The market approaches use key multiples from guideline businesses that are comparable and are traded on a public market.

If the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Any impairment identified is included within "goodwill impairment" in the consolidated statements of operations.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is judgmental in nature and requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates, strategic plans, and future market conditions, among others. There can be no assurance that the Company’s estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the goodwill impairment testing will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. Changes in assumptions and estimates could cause the Company to perform an impairment test prior to scheduled annual impairment tests.

We performed our annual fair value assessment at December 31, 2023 on our subsidiaries with material goodwill and intangible asset amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that an impairment charge of $4,876,106 was necessary.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances have indicated that an asset may not be recoverable. The long-lived asset is grouped with other assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. If the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the assets are written down to the estimated fair value.

We evaluated the recoverability of our long-lived assets at December 31, 2023, respectively on its subsidiaries with material amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that no impairment exists.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Not Yet Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis, including significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. Additionally, the ASU requires disclosure of the title and position of our CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU does not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates them, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its 2024 Form 10-K for annual disclosures and the Q1-2025 Form 10-Q for interim disclosures, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The guidance, once adopted, will result in increased reportable segment disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 expands the existing disclosure requirements for the annual rate reconciliation between the effective tax rate and the statutory federal tax rate by requiring reconciliation items to be disaggregated by defined categories and disclosed as both percentages and amounts. The ASU also requires the disaggregation of income taxes paid by jurisdiction for each annual period presented. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning with its 2025 Form 10-K annual disclosures, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The guidance, once adopted, will result in increased income tax disclosures.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

GROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 89)	F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-4

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-5

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	F-8

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	F-9

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of Grom Social Enterprises, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Substantial Doubt about the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company’s significant operating losses, working capital deficit and negative cash flows from operations raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

F-2

Goodwill Impairment Evaluation

As discussed in Notes 2 and 8 to the financial statements, management conducts a goodwill impairment assessment annually at December 31, and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined through the use of the income approach using estimates of future cash flows attributable to the respective reporting units. As a result of the annual impairment assessment, the Company recognized $4.9 million of goodwill impairment related to the reporting unit.

We identified the impairment of goodwill as a critical audit matter because of significant judgments required by management to estimate the fair value of its reporting unit, including forecasted cash flows, revenue growth rates and discount rate. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s assumptions used in the model.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of management’s estimates of future cash flows, the selection of cash flow multiples for the Company’s reporting unit, and the evaluation of the discount rate included the following, among others:

–

Tested the mathematical accuracy of the calculations and evaluated significant assumptions and the underlying data used by the Company by performing procedures to test the projected revenues, projected direct costs, projected operating expenses, and projected capital expenditures by comparing them with the historical forecasted results of the respective reporting unit and assessing the impacts of internal and/or external economic factors.

–

We assessed management’s ability to forecast by comparing historical projections to actual results and comparing current forecasted projections to historical trends, industry data, and underlying business strategies.

–

The work of managements specialists was used in performing the procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the fair value of the reporting unit as well as the assumptions used in the model. As a basis for using this work, management specialist’s qualifications were understood and the business relationship with management specialists was assessed. The procedures performed also included evaluation of the methods and assumptions used by management’s specialists, tests of the data used by management’s specialists, and an evaluation of their findings.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.

/s/ Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman, P.A.

Somerset, New Jersey

April 16, 2024

F-3

GROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets


	December 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022

ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,505,449		$	3,871,176
Accounts receivable, net		826,073			1,162,230
Inventory, net		43,205			92,303
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		527,539			605,497
Total current assets		3,902,266			5,731,206
Operating lease right of use assets		796,600			1,069,222
Property and equipment, net		114,814			285,676
Goodwill, net		5,691,378			10,567,484
Intangible assets, net		5,194,209			5,364,231
Other assets		2,433,415			1,627,078
Total assets	$	18,132,682		$	24,644,897

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	865,266		$	839,679
Accrued liabilities		293,279			378,954
Dividends payable		1,114,344			371,799
Advanced payments and deferred revenues		376,613			576,338
Convertible notes payable, net – current		254,146			503,465
Derivative liabilities		1,310,394			–
Related party payables		–			50,000
Lease liabilities – current		205,575			269,681
Total current liabilities		4,419,617			2,989,916
Convertible notes payable, net of loan discounts		540,443			68,199
Lease liabilities		614,443			803,958
Other noncurrent liabilities		240,763			434,976
Total liabilities		5,815,266			4,297,049

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)		–			–

Stockholders' Equity:
Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value. 2,000,000 shares authorized; 0 zero shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		–			–
Series B preferred stock, $0.001 par value. 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 zero shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		–			–
Series C preferred stock, $0.001 par value. 10,000,000 shares authorized; 9,243,309 and 9,281,809 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		9,243			9,282
Common stock, $0.001 par value. 500,000,000 shares authorized; 1,970,404 and 163,596 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively		1,970			164
Additional paid-in capital		108,311,684			101,728,706
Accumulated deficit		(96,742,387	)		(83,472,412	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(159,603	)		(166,129	)
Total Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. stockholders' equity		11,420,907			18,099,611
Noncontrolling interests		896,509			2,248,237
Total stockholders' equity		12,317,416			20,347,848
Total liabilities and equity	$	18,132,682		$	24,644,897

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-4

GROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022


	Year Ended December 31,			Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022

Sales	$	4,041,020		$	5,426,501
Cost of goods sold		2,674,440			3,664,766
Gross profit		1,366,580			1,761,735
Operating expenses:
Depreciation and amortization		590,611			311,574
Selling, general and administrative		7,659,004			7,313,145
Professional fees		1,559,490			1,467,323
Impairment of goodwill		4,876,106			11,340,115
Total operating expenses		14,685,211			20,432,157
Loss from operations		(13,318,631	)		(18,670,422	)
Other income (expense)
Interest expense, net		(554,686	)		(3,348,867	)
Loss on settlement of derivative liabilities		–			(143,598	)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of contingent purchase consideration		–			5,586,493
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities		–			49,047
Other gains (losses)		(24,368	)		206,787
Total other income (expense)		(579,054	)		2,349,862
Loss before income taxes		(13,897,685	)		(16,320,560	)
Provision for income taxes (benefit)		(18,528	)		446,178
Net loss		(13,879,157	)		(16,766,738	)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,351,728	)		(434,102	)
Net loss attributable to Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. stockholders		(12,527,429	)		(16,332,636	)
Dividends to Series C preferred stockholders		742,546			735,586
Net loss attributable to Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. common stockholders	$	(13,269,975	)	$	(17,068,222	)

Basic and diluted loss per common share attributable to Gron Social Enterprises, Inc. common stockholders	$	(15.54	)	$	(463.48	)

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic and diluted		854,189			36,826

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(13,879,157	)	$	(16,766,738	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		6,526			(135,374	)
Comprehensive loss		(13,872,631	)		(16,902,112	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,351,728	)		(434,102	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. common stockholders	$	(12,520,903	)	$	(16,468,010	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-5

GROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Series A Preferred Stock

Series B Preferred Stock

Series C Preferred Stock

Value

Balance, January 1, 2022

–

9,400,309

9,400

Net loss

–

Change in foreign currency translation

–

Conversion of Series C preferred stock into common stock

–

(118,500

)

(118

)

Dividends declared for Series C preferred stock

–

Issuance of common stock as payment for Series C preferred stock dividends payable

–

Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under public offerings

–

Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings

–

Issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of common stock purchase warrants

–

Issuance of common stock in exchange for consulting, professional and other services

–

Conversion of note principal and accrued interest into common stock

–

Recognition of beneficial conversion features related to notes payable

–

Stock based compensation expense related to stock options

–

Balance, December 31, 2022

–

9,281,809

9,282

Net loss

–

Change in foreign currency translation

–

Dividends declared for Series C preferred stock

–

Repurchase and retirement of Series C preferred stock

(38,500

)

(39

)

Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under public offerings

–

Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings

–

Issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of common stock purchase warrants

–

Issuance of common stock in exchange for consulting, professional and other services

–

Issuance of common stock purchase warrants as consideration for waiver of a financing covenant

–

Fair value of common stock purchase warrants issued with notes payable

–

Stock based compensation expense related to stock options

–

Balance, December 31, 2023

–

9,243,309

9,243

(continued)

F-6


											Accumulated
					Additional						Other						Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Accumulated			Comprehensive			Noncontrolling			Stockholders'
	Shares		Value		Capital			Deficit			Loss			Interests			Equity

Balance, January 1, 2022		59,534	$	60	$	89,863,947		$	(66,404,190	)	$	(30,755	)	$	2,682,339		$	26,120,801

Net loss		–		–		–			(16,332,636	)		–			(434,102	)		(16,766,738	)
Change in foreign currency translation		–		–		–			–			(135,374	)		–			(135,374	)
Conversion of Series C preferred stock into common stock		103		–		118			–			–			–			–
Dividends declared for Series C preferred stock		–		–		–			(735,586	)		–			–			(735,586	)
Issuance of common stock as payment for Series C preferred stock dividends payable		1,352		1		833,738			–			–			–			833,739
Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under public offerings		70,784		71		4,085,259			–			–			–			4,085,330
Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings		2,575		3		274,997			–			–			–			275,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of common stock purchase warrants		13,953		14		265			–			–			–			279
Issuance of common stock in exchange for consulting, professional and other services		298		–		116,736			–			–			–			116,736
Conversion of note principal and accrued interest into common stock		14,997		15		5,874,985			–			–			–			5,875,000
Recognition of beneficial conversion features related to notes payable		–		–		363,329			–			–			–			363,329
Stock based compensation expense related to stock options		–		–		315,332			–			–			–			315,332

Balance, December 31, 2022		163,596	$	164	$	101,728,706		$	(83,472,412	)	$	(166,129	)	$	2,248,237		$	20,347,848



Net loss		–		–		–			(12,527,429	)		–			(1,351,728	)		(13,879,157	)
Change in foreign currency translation		–		–		–			–			6,526			–			6,526
Dividends declared for Series C preferred stock		–		–		–			(742,546	)		–			–			(742,546	)
Repurchase and retirement of Series C preferred stock		–		–		(1	)		–			–			–			(40	)
Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under public offerings		946,000		946		2,459,692			–			–			–			2,460,638
Issuance of common stock in connection with sales made under private offerings		5,000		5		2,487,854			–			–			–			2,487,859
Issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of common stock purchase warrants		854,641		854		11,509			–			–			–			12,363
Issuance of common stock in exchange for consulting, professional and other services		1,167		1		31,967			–			–			–			31,968
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants as consideration for waiver of a financing covenant		–		–		350,038			–			–			–			350,038
Fair value of common stock purchase warrants issued with notes payable		–		–		1,102,852			–			–			–			1,102,852
Stock based compensation expense related to stock options		–		–		139,067			–			–			–			139,067

Balance, December 31, 2023		1,970,404	$	1,970	$	108,311,684		$	(96,742,387	)	$	(159,603	)	$	896,509		$	12,317,416

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-7

GROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022


	Year Ended December 31,			Year Ended December 31,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(13,879,157	)	$	(16,766,738	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		700,608			593,438
Amortization of debt discount		39,565			2,194,302
Amortization of right-of-use assets		288,967			365,636
Provision for doubtful accounts		5,789			–
Provision for excess or obsolete inventory		–			5,321
Common stock issued for financing costs		350,038			–
Common stock issued in exchange for fees and services		31,968			116,737
Deferred taxes		(19,660	)		466,089
Derivative expense		–			1,052,350
Goodwill impairment		4,876,106			11,340,115
Retirement benefit cost		39,278			–
Stock based compensation		139,067			315,332
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		550			2,237
Loss on settlement of derivative liability		–			143,598
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of contingent consideration		–			(5,586,493	)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of derivative liabilities		–			(49,047	)
Unrealized loss on foreign exchange		202,226			–
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		600,013			(192,730	)
Inventory		768,764			(6,253	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		36,967			(147,545	)
Other assets		(1,160,794	)		(974,380	)
Accounts payable		(167,652	)		342,182
Accrued liabilities		(385,713	)		(21,375	)
Advanced payments and deferred revenues		(875,313	)		170,937
Income taxes payable and other noncurrent liabilities		(194,582	)		44,055
Operating lease liabilities		(270,059	)		(383,888	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(8,873,024	)		(6,976,120	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(33,248	)		(104,715	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment		4,580			13,418
Net cash used in investing activities		(28,668	)		(91,297	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		4,948,497			4,360,330
Proceeds from exercise of common stock purchase warrants, net of issuance costs		12,363			279
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes		3,042,400			1,444,000
Repayments of convertible notes		(445,793	)		(148,907	)
Repayments of loans payable		–			(36,834	)
Repayments of related party payables		(50,000	)		–
Repurchase of preferred stock		(40	)		–
Settlement of derivative liabilities		–			(1,146,901	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		7,507,427			4,471,967

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		28,538			(63,535	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(1,365,727	)		(2,658,985	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		3,871,176			6,530,161
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	2,505,449		$	3,871,176

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	61,549		$	41,763
Cash paid for income taxes	$	–		$	–

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Common stock issued to reduce dividends payable to Series C preferred stockholders	$	–		$	833,739
Common stock warrants issued in connection with convertible promissory notes	$	1,102,852		$	363,329
Conversion of note principal and accrued interest into common stock	$	–		$	5,875,000
Derivative liability related to conversion feature on notes payable	$	1,310,394		$	–
Dividends payable to Series C preferred stockholders	$	742,545		$	371,799
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities	$	11,152		$	80,478

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F-8

GROM SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2023 and 2022

1.	NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”, “Grom” “we”, “us” or “our”), a Florida corporation f/k/a Illumination America, Inc. (“Illumination”), is a media, technology and entertainment company that focuses on (i) delivering content to children under the age of 13 years in a safe secure platform that is compliant with the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA”) and can be monitored by parents or guardians, (ii) creating, acquiring, and developing the commercial potential of Kids & Family entertainment properties and associated business opportunities, (iii) providing world class animation services, and (iv) offering protective web filtering solutions to block unwanted or inappropriate content. We conduct our business through our following subsidiaries:

	·	Grom Social, Inc. (“GSOC”), incorporated in the State of Florida on March 5, 2012, operates our social media network designed for children under the age of 13 years.

	·	TD Holdings Limited (“TDH”), incorporated in Hong Kong on September 15, 2005, operates through its two wholly-owned subsidiaries: (i) Top Draw Animation Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong corporation (“TDAHK”), and (ii) Top Draw Animation, Inc., a Philippines corporation (“TDAM”). The group’s principal activities are the production of animated films and television series.

	·	Grom Educational Services, Inc. (“GEDU”), incorporated in the State of Florida on January 17, 2017, operates our web filtering services provided to schools and government agencies.

	·	Grom Nutritional Services, Inc. (“GNUT”), incorporated in the State of Florida on April 19, 2017, intends to market and distribute nutritional supplements to children. It has been nonoperational since its inception.

	·	Curiosity Ink Media, LLC (“CIM”), organized in the State of Delaware on January 5, 2017, develops, acquires, builds, grows and maximizes the short, mid and long-term commercial potential of kids and family entertainment properties and associated business opportunities.

The Company owns 100% of each of GSOC, TDH, GEDU and GNUT, and 80% of CIM.

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Going Concern

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the discharge of liabilities in the normal course of business. Based on current operating levels, the Company will need to raise additional funds by selling additional equity or incurring debt.

On a consolidated basis, the Company has incurred significant operating losses since its inception. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $96.7 million and a working capital deficit of $517,351. During the year ended December 31, 2023, it used approximately $8.9 million, respectively, in cash for operating activities.

F-9

The Company has funded its operations primarily through sales of its common stock in public markets, proceeds from the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock, and the sale of convertible notes. Future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the (i) rate of revenue growth, (ii) expansion of sales and marketing activities, (iii) timing and extent of spending on content development efforts, and (iv) market acceptance of the Company’s content, products and services.

The Company’s management intends to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities or debt to enable the Company to meet its obligations for the twelve-month period. However, there can be no assurance that, in the event the Company requires additional financing, such financing will be available at terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. Failure to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and/or raise additional capital could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve its intended business objectives. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and are expressed in United States dollars. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries Grom Social, TDH, GEDU, and GNUT. The Company recognizes noncontrolling interest related to its 80% owned subsidiary, CIM, as equity in the consolidated financial statements separate from the parent entity’s equity. The net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest is included in net income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to revenue recognition, valuation of accounts receivable, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of financial instruments, valuation of derivative liabilities, pension plan obligations related to the Company's defined benefit pension plan, stock-based compensation, income taxes, and contingencies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known or expected trends and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable given the quality of information available as of the date of these financial statements. The results of these assumptions provide the basis for making estimates about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Segment and Related Information

F-10

Revenue Recognition

The guidance provided in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606 (“ASC 606”) requires entities to use a five-step model to recognize revenue by allocating the consideration from contracts to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

Animation Revenue

Animation revenue is primarily generated from contracts with customers for preproduction and production services related to the development of animated movies and television series. Preproduction activities include producing storyboards, location design, model and props design, background color and color styling. Production focuses on library creation, digital asset management, background layout scene assembly, posing, animation and after effects. The Company provides services under fixed-price contracts. Under fixed-price contracts, the Company agrees to perform the specified work for a pre-determined price. To the extent actual costs vary from estimated costs, the Company’s profit may increase, decrease, or result in a loss.

The Company identifies a contract under ASC 606 once (i) it is approved by all parties, (ii) the rights of the parties are identified, (iii) the payment terms are identified, (iv) the contract has commercial substance, and (v) collectability of consideration is probable.

The Company evaluates the services promised in each contract at inception to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. The services in the Company’s contracts are distinct from one another as the referring parties typically can direct all, limited, or single portions of the various preproduction and production activities required to create and design and entire episode to us and we therefore have a history of developing standalone selling prices for all of these distinct components. Accordingly, our contracts are typically accounted for as containing multiple performance obligations.

The Company determines the transaction price for each contract based on the consideration it expects to receive for the distinct services being provided under the contract.

The Company recognizes revenue as performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the services. In determining when performance obligations are satisfied, the Company considers factors such as contract terms, payment terms and whether there is an alternative future use of the product or service. Substantially all of the Company’s animation revenue is recognized over time as it performs under the contract due to the contractual terms present in each contract which irrevocably transfer control of the work product to the customer as the services are performed.

For performance obligations recognized over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress made towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company uses the input method to measure of progress because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as the Company incurs costs against its contracts. Under the input method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs to complete the performance obligation. The input method requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of contract assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to the total estimated amount of costs that will be incurred for a project or job.

F-11

Ecommerce Revenue

Ecommerce revenue includes sales of merchandise related to merchandise sold. Revenue is recognized when control of product passes to customers, which is when the merchandise is received by the customer. The Company recognizes revenue in the amount expected to be received when control of the Company’s products transfers to customers, and is presented net of various fixed percentage price allocations.

The Company excludes from revenue, taxes assessed by governmental authorities, including sales-related taxes, that are imposed on and concurrent with revenue-producing activities.

Produced and Licensed Content Revenue

Produced and licensed content revenues are generated from the licensing of internally-produced films and television programs.

Publishing Revenue

Web Filtering Revenue

Web filtering revenue from subscription sales is recognized on a pro-rata basis over the subscription period. Typically, a subscriber purchases a computer appliance and a software and support service license for a period of use between one year to five years. The subscriber is billed in full at the time of the sale. The Company immediately recognizes revenue attributable to the computer appliance as it is non-refundable and control passes to the customer. The advanced billing component for software and service is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the subscription period.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Animation revenue contracts vary with movie contracts typically allowing for progress billings over the contract term while other episodic development activities are typically billable upon delivery of the performance obligation for an episode. These episodic activities typically create unbilled contract assets between episode delivery dates while movies can create contract assets or liabilities based on the progress of activities versus the arranged billing schedule. Revenues from web filtering contracts are all billed in advance and therefore represent contract liabilities until fully recognized on a ratable basis over the contract life.

F-12

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

	·	Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

	·	Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable.

	·	Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value for its Level 1 financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The respective carrying value of certain balance sheet financial instruments approximates its fair value. These financial instruments include cash, trade receivables, related party payables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings. Fair values were estimated to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short term in nature, and they are receivable or payable on demand.

The estimated fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, reporting units and long-lived assets used in the related asset impairment tests, contingent consideration, and derivatives utilize inputs classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company determines the fair value of contingent consideration based on a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis. The fair value remeasurement is based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement as defined in the fair value hierarchy. In each period, the Company reassesses its current estimates of performance relative to the stated targets and adjusts the liability to fair value. Any such adjustments are included as a component of Other Income (Expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market or foreign currency risk. Terms of convertible and other promissory notes are reviewed to determine whether they contain embedded derivative instruments that are required to be accounted for separately from the host contract and recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of derivative liabilities is required to be revalued at each reporting date, with corresponding changes in fair value recorded in current period operating results.

Beneficial Conversion Features

In accordance with FASB ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options the Company records a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) related to the issuance of convertible debt or preferred stock instruments that have conversion features at fixed rates that are in-the-money when issued. The BCF for the convertible instruments is recognized and measured by allocating a portion of the proceeds equal to the intrinsic value of that feature to additional paid-in capital. The intrinsic value is generally calculated at the commitment date as the difference between the conversion price and the fair value of the common stock or other securities into which the security is convertible, multiplied by the number of shares into which the security is convertible. If certain other securities are issued with the convertible security, the proceeds are allocated among the different components. The portion of the proceeds allocated to the convertible security is divided by the contractual number of the conversion shares to determine the effective conversion price, which is used to measure the BCF. The effective conversion price is used to compute the intrinsic value. The value of the BCF is limited to the basis that is initially allocated to the convertible security.

F-13

Stock Purchase Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants issued to purchase shares of its common stock as equity in accordance with FASB ASC 480, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are exposed to concentration of credit risk. The Company maintains cash at various regulated financial institutions which, at times, may be in excess of the federal depository insurance limit. The Company’s management regularly monitors these institutions and believes that the potential for future loss is remote. The Company considers liquid investments with original or acquired maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms which are recorded at net realizable value. The Company establishes an allowance for credit losses based on management’s assessment of the collectability of trade receivables. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of the allowance. The Company makes judgments about the creditworthiness of each customer based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future. If the financial condition of the customers were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, a specific allowance will be required.

Recovery of credit loss amounts previously written off is recorded as a reduction of credit loss expense in the period the payment is collected. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.

Accounts receivable includes unbilled accounts receivable. Unbilled accounts receivable is a contract asset related to amounts that are unbilled due to agreed-upon contractual terms in which billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition. This situation typically occurs when the Company recognizes revenue for episodic development activities performed but not yet billed. Episodic development activities are typically billable upon delivery.

Inventory

Inventory consists of costs incurred to produce animated content for third party customers. Costs incurred to produce the animated content to customers, which include direct production costs, production overhead and supplies are recognized as work-in-progress inventory. As animated content is completed in accordance with the terms stated by the customer, inventory is classified as finished products and subsequently recognized as cost of services as animated content is accepted by and available to the customer. Carrying amounts of animated content are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a weighted average cost method for direct production costs, productions overhead and supplies used for completing animation projects.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s inventory totaled $43,205 and $92,303, respectively, and was comprised of work-in-progress of $40,722 and $85,324, respectively, and finished goods of $2,483 and $6,979, respectively.

F-14

Capitalized Prepublication Costs

Capitalized Produced and Licensed Content Costs

Capitalized Website Development Costs

F-15

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method and is charged to operations over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The carrying amount and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or retired are removed from the accounts in the year of disposal and any resulting gain or loss is included in results of operations. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:


Computers, software, and office equipment	1 – 5 years
Capitalized website development cost	3 years
Machinery and equipment	3 – 5 years
Vehicles	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	5 – 10 years
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of the lease term or estimated useful life

Construction in process is not depreciated until the construction is completed and the asset is placed into service.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

F-16

The Company performed its annual fair value assessment at December 31, 2023 on its subsidiaries with material goodwill and intangible asset amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that an impairment charge of $4,876,106 was necessary. See Note 8 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets for more information.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances have indicated that an asset may not be recoverable. The long-lived asset is grouped with other assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. If the sum of the projected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the assets are written down to the estimated fair value.

The Company evaluated the recoverability of its long-lived assets on December 31, 2023, respectively on its subsidiaries with material amounts on their respective balance sheets and determined that no impairment exists.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. ASC 740-10-05, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities.

The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company assesses the validity of its conclusions regarding uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis to determine if facts or circumstances have arisen that might cause it to change its judgment regarding the likelihood of a tax position’s sustainability under audit.

F-17

Right of Use Assets and Lease Liabilities

FASB ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (ASC 842) requires lessees to recognize almost all leases on the balance sheet as a right of use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability and requires leases to be classified as either an operating or a finance type lease. The standard excludes leases of intangible assets or inventory, and permits the exclusion of leases with an original lease term of less than one year.

Under ASC 842, the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. For this purpose, the Company considers only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimated the incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. The Company lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options.

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, current and operating lease liabilities, non-current on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional and reporting currency of TD Holdings and TDAHK is the Hong Kong Dollar. The functional and reporting currency of Top Draw is the Philippine Peso. Management applies the guidance within FASB ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters for transactions that occur in foreign currencies. Monetary assets denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Average monthly rates are used to translate revenues and expenses.

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Exchange gains or losses arising from foreign currency transactions are included in the determination of net income for the respective periods.

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s operations are translated into the reporting currency, United States dollars, at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet dates. Revenue and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the reporting periods. Equity transactions are recorded at the historical rate when the transaction occurred. The resulting translation adjustment is reflected as accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders' equity in the statement of stockholders' equity.

Differences may arise in the amount of bad debt expense, depreciation expense and amortization expense reported in the Company's operating results as compared to the corresponding change in the allowance for doubtful accounts, accumulated depreciation, and accumulated amortization, respectively, due to foreign currency translation. These translation adjustments are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of the Company's stockholders' equity.

Comprehensive Gain or Loss

FASB ASC 220, Comprehensive Income establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in the financial statements. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company determined that it had items that represented components of comprehensive income (loss), which include accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments, and, therefore, has included a statement of comprehensive income (loss) in the financial statements.

F-18

Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Interest

Cost associated with the refinancing or issuance of debt, as well as debt discounts or premiums, are recorded as interest over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs related to the acquisition of goods from vendors are included in the cost of sales.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company calculates share-based compensation expense for option awards (“Share-based Award(s)”) based on the estimated grant/issue date fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model (“Black-Scholes Model”) and recognizes the expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. It accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of a number of assumptions including volatility of the stock price, the weighted average risk-free interest rate, and the vesting period in determining the fair value of Share-based Awards. The expected term is based on the “simplified method”, due to the Company’s limited option exercise history. Under this method, the term is estimated using the weighted average of the service vesting period and contractual term of the option award. As the Company does not yet have sufficient history of its own volatility, the Company has identified several public entities of similar size, complexities and industry and calculates historical volatility based on the volatilities of these companies. Although the Company believes its assumptions used to calculate share-based compensation expense are reasonable, these assumptions can involve complex judgments about future events, which are open to interpretation and inherent uncertainty. In addition, significant changes to its assumptions could significantly impact the amount of expense recorded in a given period.

The Company recognizes restricted stock unit expense over the period of vesting or period that services will be provided. Compensation associated with shares of common stock issued or to be issued to consultants and other non-employees is recognized over the expected service period beginning on the measurement date, which is generally the time the Company and the service provider enter into a commitment whereby the Company agrees to grant shares in exchange for the services to be provided.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with FASB ASC 260, Earnings per Share which requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method, and convertible preferred stock and convertible debt using the if-converted method. These potentially dilutive shares include 5,775,215 shares from convertible notes, 8,024 shares from convertible preferred stock, 232 shares from vested stock options and 2,862,056 shares from stock purchase warrants. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260-10-45, The Company includes pre-funded warrants in the weighted average common shares outstanding number for the purpose of calculating EPS. At December 31, 2023, all pre-funded warrants were fully exercised.

F-19

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Not Yet Adopted

3.	ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of accounts receivable
	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Billed accounts receivable	$	495,991		$	607,524
Unbilled accounts receivable		374,206			592,932
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(44,124	)		(38,226	)
Total accounts receivable, net	$	826,073		$	1,162,230

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had three customers that accounted for 76.5% of revenues and two customers that accounted for 80.5% of accounts receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had three customers that accounted for 84.5% of revenues and two customers that accounted for 73.6% of accounts receivable.

F-20

4.	PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets represent advances or prepayments made in the normal course and in which the economic benefit is expected to be realized within twelve months.

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Employee advance and other payroll related items	$	70,224	$	66,428
Prepaid insurance		99,792		103,026
Prepaid rent and deposits		25,217		14,850
Prepaid service agreements		177,177		410,373
Vendor advances		7,916		5,365
Other prepaid expenses and current assets		147,213		5,455
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	527,539	$	605,497

5.	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s property and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of property and equipment
	December 31, 2023							December 31, 2022
	Cost		Accumulated Depreciation			Net Book Value		Cost		Accumulated Depreciation			Net Book Value
Capital assets subject to depreciation:
Computers, software and office equipment	$	2,516,090	$	(2,471,833	)	$	44,257	$	2,774,308	$	(2,651,872	)	$	122,436
Machinery and equipment		180,317		(174,844	)		5,473		189,641		(182,180	)		7,461
Vehicles		11,729		(11,729	)		–		41,112		(35,504	)		5,608
Furniture and fixtures		375,429		(367,286	)		8,143		409,996		(391,783	)		18,213
Leasehold improvements		1,077,852		(1,020,911	)		56,941		1,172,501		(1,065,148	)		107,353
Total fixed assets		4,161,417		(4,046,603	)		114,814		4,587,558		(4,326,487	)		261,071
Capital assets not subject to depreciation:
Construction in progress		–		–			–		24,605		–			24,605
Total	$	4,161,417	$	(4,046,603	)	$	114,814	$	4,612,163	$	(4,326,487	)	$	285,676

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded depreciation expense of $152,417 and $347,727, respectively, of which $109,997 and $281,864 is presented under Cost of Goods Sold on the Company’s Consolidated Results of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

F-21

6.	OTHER ASSETS

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s other assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of other assets
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Capitalized prepublication costs	$	682,722	$	1,057,312
Capitalized produced and licensed content costs		173,949		164,042
Capitalized website development costs		1,503,036		325,966
Deposits		73,708		72,027
Other noncurrent assets		–		7,731
Total other assets	$	2,433,415	$	1,627,078

The following tables set forth the components of the Company’s capitalized costs at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of capitalized costs
	December 31, 2023							December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Depreciation			Net Book Value
Capitalized website development costs	$	1,123,772	$	(441,050	)	$	682,722	$	1,123,772	$	(66,460	)	$	1,057,312
Prepublication costs		178,648		(4,699	)		173,949		165,524		(1,482	)		164,042
Produced and licensed content costs		1,503,036		–			1,503,036		325,966		–			325,966
Total	$	2,805,456	$	(445,749	)	$	2,359,707	$	1,615,262	$	(67,942	)	$	1,547,320

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense of $377,807 and $67,942, respectively.

7.	LEASES

The Company has entered into operating leases primarily for office space. These leases have initial terms which range from two years to six years, and often include one or more options to renew or in the case of equipment rental, to purchase the equipment. During the year ended December 31, 2023, $11,152 of right of use assets and leases liabilities were added related to new operating leases.

The Company leases approximately 2,100 square feet of office space in Boca Raton, Florida at the rate of $4,000 per month pursuant to a three-year lease which was renewed for six months and expired in March 2022. The Florida office space is the location of the Company’s corporate headquarters and administrative staff. In January 2022, the Company signed a new lease agreement to extend the term until March 2024. The total legally binding minimum lease payments for this lease are approximately $94,898.

In August and September 2022, the Company signed new lease agreements to extend its use of approximately 25,300 square feet of office space in Manila. The lease agreements expire in December 2027. The total legally binding minimum lease payments for these leases are approximately $1,044,644.

F-22

On March 10, 2023, the Company entered into an assignment and first amendment to its lease dated November 3, 2017 for approximately 1,900 square feet of office space in Peachtree Corners, GA. Under the terms of the amended agreement, the Company agreed to extend the lease term until May 31, 2024. The Company has the option to renew the lease term for an additional 12 months. The renewal option is not included in the future minimum lease payments used in determining the ROU liability as management is not reasonably certain to execute the option. The total legally binding minimum lease payments for this lease is approximately $12,267.

On September 27, 2023, the Company signed a new lease agreement for approximately 150 square feet of office space in Calabasas, CA at a rate of approximately $1,550 per month. The term of the lease is 12 months from the commencement date, November 15, 2023. The Company has elected not to account for the lease under the standard due to its short term.

The future minimum payment obligations at December 31, 2023 for operating leases are as follows:


2024	$	287,577
2025		276,622
2026		224,702
2027		235,939
Thereafter		–
Total	$	1,024,840

These operating leases are listed as separate line items on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The Company’s obligation to make lease payments are also listed as separate line items on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Because the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments.

Information related to the Company's operating right-of-use assets and related lease liabilities were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31, 2023
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	377,652
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)		2.9
Weighted-average discount rate		10%

Total rent expense related to lease obligations, reflected in general and administrative costs line items on the consolidated income statements, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were $396,560 and $398,754, respectively.

The following table presents the amortization of the Company’s lease liabilities under ASC 842 at December 31, 2023:


2024	$	205,575
2025	$	215,177
2026	$	184,776
2027	$	214,490
Thereafter	$	820,018

F-23

8.	GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table sets forth the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of goodwill
	Animation			Original Content			Consolidated

Balance, January 1, 2022	$	8,104,056		$	14,271,969		$	22,376,025
Measurement period adjustment		–			(468,426	)		(468,426	)
Impairment charge		(6,202,888	)		(5,137,227	)		(11,340,115	)
Balance, December 31, 2022		1,901,168			8,666,316			10,567,484
Impairment charge		(954,655	)		(3,921,451	)		(4,876,106	)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	946,513		$	4,744,865		$	5,691,378

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company finalized the purchase price allocation, during the permissible measurement period, and obtained new fair value information for certain identifiable intangible assets related to its acquisition of CIM. The revised purchase price allocation decreased goodwill by $468,426 and increased intangible assets by $468,426. Additionally, the Company recorded amortization expense of $24,641 related to intangible assets subject to amortization during the year ended December 31, 2022 (of which $7,247 corresponded to the year ended December 31, 2021). These adjustments did not have a significant impact on the Company’s operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the individually identifiable intangible assets recognized:


Licensing agreements	$	341,728
Books and stories content		126,698
Total new fair value information for certain identifiable intangible assets	$	468,426

At December 31, 2023, the Company performed its annual impairment tests as prescribed by ASC 350 on the carrying value of its goodwill and recorded aggregate impairment charges of $4,876,106; of which $954,655 was attributed to its TD Holdings Ltd animation business acquired in 2016, and $3,921,451 was attributed to its CIM original content business acquired in 2021. The determination was made as the result of the Company’s qualitative assessment of each business unit, including the decline in animation revenues and delay in monetization of original content properties.

At December 31, 2022, the Company performed its annual impairment tests as prescribed by ASC 350 on the carrying value of its goodwill and recorded aggregate impairment charges of $11,340,115; of which $6,202,888 was attributed to its TD Holdings Ltd animation business acquired in 2016, and $5,137,227 was attributed to its CIM original content business acquired in 2021. The determination was made as the result of the Company’s qualitative assessment of each business unit, including the decline in animation revenues and delay in monetization of original content properties.

F-24

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill was $5,691,378 and $10,567,484, respectively.

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of intangible assets
			December 31, 2023							December 31, 2022
	Amortization Period (Years)		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships		10.00	$	1,526,282	$	(1,144,711	)	$	381,571	$	1,526,282	$	(992,083	)	$	534,199
Licensing agreement		19.60		341,728		(42,035	)		299,693		341,728		(24,641	)		317,087
Subtotal				1,868,010		(1,186,746	)		681,264		1,868,010		(1,016,724	)		851,286
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Books and stories content				126,698		–			126,698		126,698		–			126,698
Trade names				4,386,247		–			4,386,247		4,386,247		–			4,386,247
Total intangible assets			$	6,380,955	$	(1,186,746	)	$	5,194,209	$	6,380,955	$	(1,016,724	)	$	5,364,231

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization of $170,022, respectively.

The following table provides information regarding estimated amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization for each of the following years ending December 31:


2024	$	170,022
2025		170,022
2026		93,708
2027		17,394
2028		17,393
Thereafter		212,724
Total	$	681,264

9.	ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accounts, or trade, payables are recognized initially at the transaction price and subsequently measured at the undiscounted amount of cash or other consideration expected to be paid. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate accounts payable were $865,266 and $839,679, respectively.

Accrued expenses are recognized based on the expected amount required to settle the obligation or liability.

F-25

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s accrued liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of accrued liabilities
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Executive and employee compensation	$	53,582	$	102,151
Interest on convertible promissory notes		61,216		84,292
Other accrued expenses and liabilities		178,481		192,511
Total accrued liabilities	$	293,279	$	378,954

10.

RELATED PARTY PAYABLES AND TRANSACTIONS

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate related party payables were $0 and $50,000, respectively.

Darren Marks’s Family

The Company has engaged the family of Darren Marks, its Chief Executive Officer, to assist in the development of the Grom Social mobile application. These individuals create and produce original short form content focusing on social responsibility, anti-bullying, digital citizenship, unique blogs, and special events. Sarah Marks, the wife of Mr. Marks, and Zach Marks, Luke Marks, Caroline Marks, Jack Marks, Dawson Marks and Victoria Marks, each Mr. Marks’s children, are, or have been, by the Company employed or independently contracted.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Zach Marks was employed by Grom Social as its Founder and Content Creator and receives an annual salary of $103,000. Effective August 4, 2023, Luke Marks resigned from his position of Content Coordinator from which he received an annual salary of $30,000.

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Marks family was paid a total of $122,542 and $112,500, respectively.

Compensation for services provided by the Marks family is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.

Liabilities Due to Officers and/or Directors

On July 13, 2018, our director, Thomas Rutherford, loaned the Company $50,000. The loan bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and matured on August 11, 2018. On April 21, 2023, the Company repaid the $50,000 principal balance of the note. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company accrued interest expense of $1,521 and $5,000, respectively, on the note.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate related party payables was $23,904 and $72,383, respectively, of which $23,904 and $22,383, respectively, were reported under accrued liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

F-26

11.

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

The Company’s subsidiary, TDAM, has an unfunded, non-contributory defined benefit plan covering its permanent employees.

Under the existing regulatory framework, the Company is required to pay eligible employees at least the minimum regulatory benefit upon retirement, which provides a retirement benefit equal to 22.5 days’ pay for every year of credited service, subject to age and service requirements. The regulatory benefit is paid in a lump sum upon retirement. The existing regulatory framework does not require minimum funding of the plan.

Retirement benefit expenses and liabilities are determined in accordance with an actuarial study made for the plan utilizing the net interest approach which disaggregates the defined benefit cost into the following components: service costs (cost of services received); net interest (financing effect of paying for benefits in advance or in arrears); and remeasurements (period-to-period fluctuations in the amounts of defined benefit obligations and plan assets).

Under the net interest approach, service cost and net interest on the defined benefit liability (asset) are both recognized in the statement of operations, while remeasurements of the defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized in other comprehensive income. Remeasurements recognized in other comprehensive income shall not be reclassified to profit or loss in a subsequent period.

The amount of the defined benefit liability reported under other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet is determined as follows:

Schedule of defined benefit liability
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Benefit obligation	$	240,763	$	434,976
Plan assets		–		–
Total	$	240,763	$	434,976

The components of the accumulated benefit cost to be recognized under selling, general and administrative expense in consolidated statement of operations are the service cost (current service cost, past service cost or credit and settlement gains or losses) and net interest expense on the net defined benefit liability:

Schedule of accumulated benefit cost
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Current service cost	$	18,030	$	86,357
Net interest expense		21,248		12,785
Total	$	39,278	$	99,142

F-27

The change in the accumulated benefit cost in the consolidated balance sheet are as follows:


	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Balance, beginning of year	$	434,976		$	390,833
Foreign currency translation		(20,938	)		(29,639	)
Expense recognized in other comprehensive income		39,278			99,142
Remeasurement on actuarial gain (loss) recognized		(67,167	)		24,552
Contributions paid		(145,386	)		(49,912	)
Balance, end of year	$	240,763		$	434,976

The cumulative amount of actuarial gains recognized in other comprehensive income is as follows:


	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Balance, beginning of year	$	35,163		$	60,518
Foreign currency translation		1,518			(803	)
Actuarial gain (loss)		88,241			(24,552	)
Balance, end of year		124,922			35,163
Tax effect		(31,230	)		(8,802	)
Cumulative actuarial gain (loss), net of tax	$	93,692		$	26,361

The assumptions used to determine retirement benefits for the years ended December 31 are as follows:


	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022

Discount rate	6.05%	7.17%
Salary increase rate	2.00%	2.00%

The average duration of the accrued retirement benefit cost as at December 31, 2023 and 2022 is 7.7 years and 7.3 years, respectively.

F-28

12.

DEBT

Convertible Notes Payable

The following table set forth the components of the Company’s convertible notes payable at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of convertible notes payable
	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
8% Unsecured Convertible Notes (CIM)	$	–		$	278,000
9% Secured Convertible Note with Original Issuance Discounts (Generating Alpha)		4,000,000			–
10% Secured Convertible Notes with Original Issuance Discounts (OID Notes)		75,000			75,000
12% Senior Secured Convertible Notes (TDH Secured Notes)		63,905			204,907
12% Senior Secured Convertible Notes (Additional Secured Notes)		12,142			38,923
Loan discounts		(3,356,458	)		(25,164	)
Total convertible notes, net		794,589			571,664
Less: current portion of convertible notes, net		(254,146	)		(503,465	)
Convertible notes, net	$	540,443		$	68,199

8% Unsecured Convertible Notes (CIM)

On July 29, 2021, the Company entered into a membership interest purchase agreement with CIM and the holders of all of CIM’s outstanding membership interests, for the purchase of 80% of CIM’s outstanding membership interests from the sellers. Pursuant to the purchase agreement, the Company issued 8% eighteen-month convertible promissory notes in the aggregate principal amount $278,000 to pay-down and refinance certain outstanding loans and advances previously made by certain of its principals. The notes are convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $1,968.00 per share but may not be converted if, after giving effect to such conversion, the noteholder and its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The notes may be prepaid at any time, in whole or in part, and are subordinate to the Company’s senior indebtedness.

On September 21, 2023, the Company repaid $278,000 of outstanding principal and $46,430 of accrued interest to the noteholders.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of the CIM notes was $0 and $278,000, respectively.

9% Secured Convertible Note with Original Issuance Discounts (First Alpha Note)

On November 9, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Alpha SPA”) with Generating Alpha Ltd. (“Alpha”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell two convertible promissory notes of the Company, with each note having an initial principal amount of $4,000,000, for a price of $3,640,000 per note.

The note in the aggregate principal amount of $4,000,000 has five-year maturity with an interest at 9% per calendar year and carries a 9% original issue discount (the “First Alpha Note”). The Company has agreed to make amortization payments each month in the amount of $83,033 in cash or in kind.

F-29

The First Alpha Note is convertible at the discretion of Alpha into shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.50. Alpha may choose the alternate conversion price equal to 85% of the average of the three lowest trading prices during the previous ten trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to notice of conversion.

In connection with the purchase and sale of the notes, the Company agreed to issue to Alpha warrants to acquire a total of 3,028,146 shares of the Company’s common stock. The warrant to be issued at the first closing shall be a warrant for 1,514,073 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.78 per share. The warrant to be issued at the second closing shall be a warrant for 1,514,073 shares of the Company’s common Stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share.

On November 20, 2023, the Company entered into a first amendment agreement (the “Amendment”) to the Alpha SPA. Pursuant to the Amendment, the Alpha SPA was amended by replacing the first closing warrant for 1,514,073 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.78 per share with (i) a warrant for 757,036 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.78 per share and (ii) a warrant for 757,036 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $.001 per share. Additionally, the Amendment replaced the second closing warrant for 1,514,073 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.001 per share with (i) a warrant for 757,036 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.78 per share and (ii) a warrant for 757,036 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $.001 per share.

On December 21, 2023, the Company received approximately $3.6 million in gross proceeds from the first closing, prior to deducting the underwriting discount and commission and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

At December 31, 2023, the principal balance of these notes was $4,000,000 and the remaining balance on the associated loan discounts was $3,352,119.

10% Senior Secured Convertible Note with Original Issuance Discount (First L1 Tranche)

On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “L1 Purchase Agreement”) with L1 Capital Global Master Fund (“L1”) pursuant to which it issued (i) a 10% original issue discount senior secured convertible note in the principal amount of $4,400,000 to L1 (the “L1 Note”) and (ii) a five-year warrant to purchase 1,355 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2,520.00 per share in exchange for $3,960,000 (the “First L1 Tranche”). The L1 Purchase Agreement also provided, subject to shareholder approval, for the issuance, subject to certain conditions, of an additional $1,500,000 of notes and warrants to purchase 463 shares of common stock (the “Second L1 Tranche”) on the same terms.

The L1 Note is convertible by L1 into common stock of the Company at a price of $2,520.00 per share, or approximately 1,746 shares. It is repayable in equal monthly installments of $275,000 with certain deferments or an acceleration of up to three months' payments. The Company may repay the L1 Note in cash or shares of common stock at a price equal to the lesser of the then conversion price or 95% of the lowest daily VWAP during the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding the monthly payment date, but in no event less than $1,152.00. In the event that VWAP drops below $1,152.00, the Company will have the right to pay at such VWAP with any shortfall paid in cash.

On October 20, 2021, the Company and L1 entered into an amended and restated purchase agreement which increased the amount of the Second L1 Tranche from $1,500,000 to $6,000,000 and provides (i) for an amended and restated 10% original issue discount senior secured convertible note to be issued in exchange for the L1 Note pursuant to the L1 Purchase Agreement and (ii) for the issuance of a five-year warrant to purchase 1,735 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $2,520.00 per share.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate 9,596 shares of common stock to L1 upon the conversion of $4,125,000 of outstanding principal on the First L1 Tranche.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of this note was $0, respectively, and all associated loan discounts were fully amortized.

F-30

10% Senior Secured Convertible Note with Original Issuance Discount (Second L1 Tranche)

On January 20, 2022 (the “Second Tranche Closing”), the Company and L1 closed on the Second L1 Tranche of the offering, resulting in the issuance of (i) a $1,750,000 10% Original Issue Discount Senior Secured Convertible Note, due July 20, 2023, (the “Second L1 Note”); and (ii) a five year warrant to purchase 506 shares of Common Stock of the Company at an exercise price of $2,520.00 per share (the “Second Tranche Warrants”), in exchange for consideration of $1,575,000 (i.e. the face amount less the 10% Original Issue Discount of $175,000).

The Second L1 Note is convertible into common stock of the Company at a rate of $2,520.00 per share into 694 shares of common stock and, is repayable in equal monthly installments of $111,563 commencing on the date that the SEC declares a registration statement with respect to the resale of such shares effective, with all remaining amounts due on July 20, 2023. The Second L1 Note is repayable by payment of cash, or by issuance of shares of the common stock at a price of 95% of the lowest daily VWAP during the ten-trading day period prior to the respective monthly redemption dates (with a floor of $1,152.00) multiplied by 102% of the amount due on such date. In the event that the ten-trading day VWAP drops below $1,152.00 the Company will have the right to pay in stock at such ten-trading day VWAP with any shortfall paid in cash. The conversion price may be adjusted in the event of dilutive issuances but in no event to less than $324.00.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate 5,401 shares of common stock and repaid $1,146,901 in cash to L1 upon the conversion of $1,750,000 of outstanding principal on the Second L1 Note.

As of December 31, 2023, the principal balance of this note was $0 and all associated loan discounts were fully amortized.

10% Secured Convertible Notes with Original Issuance Discounts (OID Notes)

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued a series of secured, convertible notes with original issuance discounts to accredited investors. The notes were issued with original issuance discounts of 10.0%, bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum (payable semiannually in cash), and carry a two-year term with a fixed conversion price of $14,976.00. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining principal balance of these notes was $25,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued a series of secured, convertible notes with original issuance discounts to accredited investors. The notes were issued with original issuance discounts of 20.0%, bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum (payable semiannually in cash), and carry a two-year term with a fixed conversion price of $9,600.00. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining principal balance of these notes was $50,000.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the aggregate principal balance of these notes was $75,000 and all associated loan discounts were fully amortized. No notices of default or demands for payment have been received by the Company.

12% Senior Secured Convertible Notes (“TDH Secured Notes”)

On March 16, 2020, the Company sold an aggregate $3,000,000 of its 12% senior secured convertible notes (the “TDH Secured Notes”), to eleven accredited investors (the “TDH Secured Note Lenders”), pursuant to a subscription agreement with the TDH Secured Note Lenders. Interest on the TDH Secured Notes accrues on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of 12% per annum. Principal and interest on the TDH Secured Notes are payable monthly, on an amortized basis over 48 months, with the last payment due on March 16, 2024. The TDH Secured Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at 75% of the average sales price of the Company’s common stock over the 60 trading days immediately preceding conversion provided that the conversion price shall not be less than $1,920.00 per share.

F-31

The Company’s obligations under the TDH Secured Notes, are secured by Grom Holdings’ shares of stock of TDH, and of its wholly owned subsidiary, TDAHK.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of these notes was $63,905 and $204,907, respectively, and the remaining balance on the associated loan discounts was $3,646 and $21,246, respectively.

12% Senior Secured Convertible Notes (Additional Secured Notes)

On March 16, 2020, the Company issued to seven accredited investors (the “Additional Secured Note Lenders”) an aggregate of $1,060,000 of its 12% senior secured convertible notes (the “Additional Secured Notes”) in a private offering pursuant to a subscription agreement with substantially the same terms as the TDH Secured Notes except that the Additional Secured Notes are secured by all of the assets of the Company other than the shares and other assets of TDH and TDAHK, pursuant to a security agreement by and among the Company and the Additional Secured Note Lenders.

Interest on the Additional Secured Notes accrues on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of 12% per annum. Principal and interest on the Additional Secured Notes are payable monthly, on an amortized basis over 48 months, with the last payment due on March 16, 2024.

The Additional Secured Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at 75% of the average sales price of the Company’s common stock over the 60 trading days immediately preceding conversion provided that the conversion price shall not be less than $96.00 per share.

In connection with the issuance of the Additional Secured Notes, the Company issued to each Additional Secured Note Lender shares of common stock equal to 20% of the principal amount of such holder’s Additional Secured Note, divided by $1,920.00.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the principal balance of these notes was $12,142, and $38,932, respectively, and the remaining balance on the associated loan discounts was $693 and $4,018, respectively.

Future Minimum Principal Payments

The principal repayments based upon the maturity dates of the Company’s borrowings for each of the next five years are as follows:

Schedule of principal repayments
2024	$	814,367
2025	$	725,544
2026	$	793,605
2027	$	868,051
2028	$	949,480
Thereafter	$	–

F-32

13.

DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

On December 21, 2023, the Company sold a note to Generating Alpha Ltd. in the aggregate principal amount of $4,000,000 with a five-year maturity, interest at 9% per calendar year, and carries a 9% original issue discount (the “First Alpha Note”). The First Alpha Note is convertible at the discretion of Alpha into shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $1.50. Alpha may choose the alternate conversion price equal to 85% of the average of the three lowest trading prices during the previous ten trading day period ending on the latest complete trading day prior to notice of conversion.

The Company assessed the alternate conversion price and determined that it represented a derivative liability with a fair value of $1,310,394. The fair value of derivative liability was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation with the following factors, assumptions and methodologies:

Schedule of assumptions
	December 31, 2023
Stock price	$	1.13
Strike price		1.50
Risk-free rate		3.77%
Annualized volatility		100%
Forecast horizon in years		5.0
Alternative Conversion Price		85.0%
Implied Discount Rate		27.3%

On January 20, 2022, the Company sold a second tranche note to L1, as described within Note 12 – Debt. The terms of the transaction included a provision that in the event the stock price is below $324.00 (the “Floor Price”) at the time for so long as stock price continues below the Floor Price, the Second L1 Note would be convertible at a rate of 80% of the lowest VWAP in the ten prior trading days, provided, that if the stock prices elevate back to the normal Floor Price. On May 9, 2022, stock price fell below $324.00 and the default provision was triggered.

As a result of the default, the Company recorded a derivative liability for $1,052,350 which represented the fair value transferred to the note holder from the down round feature being triggered. The fair value of derivative liability was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation with the following factors, assumptions and methodologies:


	May 9, 2022
Stock price	$	17.10
Strike price		16.20
Risk-free rate		2.12%
Annualized volatility		150%
Forecast horizon in years		1.20
Alternative Conversion Discount		20.0%
Maximum Shares to be Delivered		108,025

F-33

During the year ended December 31, 2022, L1 converted $1,750,000 of the Second L1 Note for 5,401 shares and a cash settlement of $1,146,901, resulting in a $143,598 loss on settlement of derivative. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of this derivative liability was $0.

Changes in the unobservable input values would likely cause material changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments. The significant unobservable input (probability of a down round event) used in the fair value measurement is the estimation of the likelihood of the occurrence of a change in the contractual terms of the financial instruments. A significant increase (decrease) in this likelihood or in the volatility assumptions would result in a higher (lower) fair value measurement.

14.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, non on assumptions specific to the entity. In addition, the fair value of liabilities should include consideration of non-performance risk, include the Company’s own credit risk.

The Company applied FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 – Fair Value Measurement, which provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities by defining fair value and establishing the framework for measuring fair value. ASC 820 applies to financial and nonfinancial instruments that are measured and reported on a fair value basis. The three-level hierarchy of fair value measurements is based on whether the inputs to those measurements are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available and consists of the following levels:

	·	Level 1 – Unadjusted inputs based on quoted markets for identical assets or liabilities.

	·	Level 2 – Observable inputs, either direct or indirect, not including Level 1 measurements, corroborated by market data or based upon quoted prices in non-active markets

	·	Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best assumptions of what market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability.

Contingent Consideration

The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration payable was based on the Company’s evaluation as to the probability and amount of any earn-out that could have ultimately been payable. The Company utilizes a third-party valuation firm to assist in the calculation of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date. The Company evaluates the forecast of the acquired entity and the probability of earn-out provisions being achieved when it evaluates the contingent consideration recorded at initial acquisition date and at each subsequent reporting period. The fair value of contingent consideration is measured at each reporting period and adjusted as necessary. The Company evaluates the terms in contingent consideration arrangements provided to former owners of acquired companies who become employees of the Company to determine if such amounts are part of the purchase price of the acquired entity or compensation. Because the fair value measurements relating to the contingent consideration liabilities are subject to management judgment, measurement uncertainty is inherent in the valuation of the contingent consideration liabilities as of the reporting date.

F-34

Derivative Liabilities

The fair value of the derivative liabilities is classified as Level 3 within the Company’s fair value hierarchy. Please refer to Note 14 (“Derivative Liability”), for a further discussion of the measurement of fair value of the derivatives and their underlying assumptions.

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments carried at fair value at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Schedule of financial instruments
	December 31, 2023
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities:
Contingent Purchase Consideration	$	–	$	–	$	–	$	–
Derivative Liabilities		1,310,394		–		–		1,310,394
Total Liabilities	$	1,310,394	$	–	$	–	$	1,310,394

December 31, 2022

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Liabilities:

Contingent Purchase Consideration

–

Derivative Liabilities

–

Total Liabilities

–

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 financial liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Level 3 Financial Liabilities for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Balance

January 1, 2023

Realized (Gains) Losses

Additions

Settlements

Unrealized (Gains) Losses

Balance December 31, 2023

Liabilities:

Contingent Purchase Consideration

–

Derivative Liabilities

–

1,310,394

–

1,310,394

Total Liabilities

–

1,310,394

–

1,310,394


	Level 3 Financial Liabilities for the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Balance January 1, 2022		Realized (Gains) Losses		Additions		Settlements			Unrealized (Gains) Losses			Balance December 31, 2022
Liabilities:
Contingent Purchase Consideration	$	5,586,493	$	–	$	–	$	–		$	(5,586,493	)	$	–
Derivative Liabilities		–		143,598		1,052,350		(1,146,901	)		(49,047	)		–
Total Liabilities	$	5,586,493	$	143,598	$	1,052,350	$	(1,146,901	)	$	(5,635,540	)	$	–

F-35

15.

INCOME TAXES

The following table sets forth the components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Current:
Federal	$	–		$	–
State and local		–			–
Foreign		(18,528	)		–
Total current		(18,528	)		–
Deferred:
Federal		–			–
State and local		–			–
Foreign		–			446,178
Total deferred		–			446,178
Total	$	(18,528	)	$	446,178

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) at the federal statutory rate to recorded income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Computed tax at the expected statutory rate		21.00%		21.00%
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit		0.69%		0.67%
Permanent differences		-5.81%		-14.58%
Foreign deferred tax adjustment		-3.94%		-1.36%
Noncontrolling interest		-2.05%		-0.56%
Foreign tax differential		0.47%		0.10%
Change in valuation allowance		-15.70%		-5.27%
Other		-0.16%		0.00%
Total		5.51%		0.00%

The following tables set forth the components of income taxes payable at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of income taxes payable
		December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Federal	$	–	$	–
State and local		–		–
Foreign		–		–
Total	$	–	$	–

F-36

The following tables set forth the components of deferred income taxes at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Schedule of deferred income taxes
	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Non-current deferred tax assets:
Retirement benefits	$	60,191		$	73,756
Write down of investment(s)		49,741			49,636
Deferred revenue net		41,278			84,126
Stock options		3,387,305			–
Intangible amortization		1,409,730			–
Other		(95,338	)		14,947
Net operating loss carryforwards		13,728,996			11,351,901
Less: valuation allowance		(18,581,903	)		(11,574,366	)
Total non-current deferred tax asset		–			–
Total deferred tax asset	$	–		$	–

Certain prior year deferred income tax balances have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. The changes do not have any financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $60.3 million, $8.5 million, and $2.9 million, respectively. Approximately $20.7 million of these NOL's begin to expire in 2032 and $39.6 million currently do not expire. The $8.5 million of state NOL's do not expire and the foreign NOL's begin to expire in 2023. The federal and state NOL's may be subject to limitation under IRS Sec. 382, the analysis of which is not yet complete. The Company has established a full valuation allowance against the US federal, state and foreign NOL carryforwards as well as its other US and foreign deferred tax assets based on an assessment that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future years.

The Company remains subject to examination in federal, state and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company conducts its operations and files tax returns. These tax years range from 2017 through 2023. The Company believes that the results of current or any prospective audits will not have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

The Company has made its assessment of the level of tax authority for each tax position, including the potential application of interest and penalties, based on the technical merits and determined that no unrecognized tax benefits associated with the tax positions exist.

F-37

16.

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

On February 22, 2019, the Company designated 2,000,000 shares of its preferred stock as 10% Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Series A Stock”).

At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had no shares of Series A Stock issued and outstanding.

Series B Preferred Stock

On August 4, 2020, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Florida a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series B Stock designating 10,000,000 shares as Series B Preferred Stock (the “Series B Stock”).

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no shares of Series B Stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

Series C Preferred Stock

On May 20, 2021, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Florida a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Stock designating 10,000,000 shares as Series C Preferred Stock (the “Series C Stock”). The Series C Stock ranks senior and prior to all other classes or series of the Company’s preferred stock and common stock.

The holder may, at any time after the 6-month anniversary of the issuance of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock, convert such shares into common stock at a conversion rate of $1,152.00 per share. In addition, the Company may, at any time after the issuance of the shares, convert any or all of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock at a conversion rate of $1,152.00 per share.

Each share of Series C Stock entitles the holder to 1.5625 votes for each share of Series C Stock. The consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares of Series C Stock is required for the amendment to any of the terms of the Series C Stock, to create any additional class of stock unless the stock ranks junior to the Series C Stock, to make any distribution or dividend on any securities ranking junior to the Series C Stock, to merge or sell all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or acquire another business or effectuate any liquidation of the Company.

Cumulative dividends accrue on each share of Series C Stock at the rate of 8% per annum of the stated value of $1.00 per share and are payable in arrears quarterly commencing 90 days from issuance. The dividend shall be payable in shares of common stock (a “PIK Dividend”) and are be due and payable on the date on which such PIK Dividend was declared.

Upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of the Series C Stock are entitled to $1.00 per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends. No distribution may be made to holders of shares of capital stock ranking junior to the Series C Stock upon a liquidation until Series C stockholders receive their liquidation preference. The holders of 66 2/3% of the then outstanding shares of Series C Stock, may elect to deem a merger, reorganization or consolidation of the Company into or with another corporation, not affiliated with said majority, or other similar transaction or series of related transactions in which more than 50% of the voting power of the Company is disposed of in exchange for property, rights or securities distributed to holders thereof by the acquiring person, firm or other entity, or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.

F-38

On January 24, 2022, the Company issued 34 shares of common stock to a stockholder upon the conversion of 39,500 shares of Series C Stock.

On July 29, 2022, the Company issued 69 shares of common stock to a stockholder upon the conversion of 79,000 shares of Series C Stock.

On December 28, 2023, the Company repurchased 38,500 shares of Series C Stock from a stockholder for $40.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had 9,243,309 shares and 9,281,809 shares of Series C Stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared cumulative dividends totaling $742,546 and $735,586, respectively, for amounts accrued on its Series C Stock.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.001 per share and had 1,970,404 and 163,596 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Reverse Stock Splits

On October 4, 2022, the Board and shareholders approved the granting of authority to the Board to amend the Company’s articles of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common stock, by a ratio of no less than 1-for-2 and no more than 1-for-30, with the exact ratio to be determined by the Board in its sole discretion, and with such reverse stock split to be effective at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. On December 9, 2022, the Board effected a 1-for-30 reverse stock split in connection with our continued listing of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq.

On June 23, 2023, the Board and shareholders approved the granting of authority to the Board to amend the Company’s articles of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of its common stock, by a ratio of no less than 1-for-2 and no more than 1-for-20, with the exact ratio to be determined by the Board in its sole discretion, and with such reverse stock split to be effective at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the Board in its sole discretion. On September 7, 2023, the Board effected a 1-for-20 reverse stock split in connection with the Company’s continued listing of its common stock on Nasdaq.

The reverse stock splits did not have any impact on the number of authorized shares of common stock, which remains at 500,000,000 shares.

Registered Offerings

On December 8, 2022, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,415,682 units (the “Units”) and 314,422 pre-funded units (the “Pre-Funded Units”), with (a) each Unit consisting of: (i) one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”); and (ii) two warrants (the “Warrants”), each Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock at $2.89 per share (100% of the offering price per Unit); and (b) each Pre-Funded Unit consisting of: (i) one pre-funded warrant (the “Pre-Funded Warrant”) exercisable for one share of Common Stock at $0.001; and (ii) two Warrants. The Warrants will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrant will be issued pursuant to a warrant agent agreement (the “Warrant Agent Agreement”) entered into by and between the Company and Equiniti Trust Company, as warrant agent. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 259,515 Units and/or Pre-Funded Units to cover over-allotments. On December 12, 2022 the Underwriter exercised in part, the over-allotment to purchase 495,602 Warrants.

F-39

The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $5,000,000 in the Offering, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

On September 7, 2023, the Company sold an aggregate 946,000 units (the “Units”) at a price of $3.00 per Unit and 54,000 pre-funded units (the “Pre-Funded Units”) at a price of $2.999 per Pre-Funded Unit, with (a) each Unit consisting of: (i) one share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”); (ii) one Series A Warrant (the “Series A Warrant”); and (iii) one Series B Warrant. (“Series B Warrant,” together with Series A Warrant, the “Warrants”), each Warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock at $3.00 per share (100% of the offering price per Unit); and (b) each Pre-Funded Unit consisting of: (i) one pre-funded warrant (the “Pre-Funded Warrant”) exercisable for one share of Common Stock at $0.001; (ii) one Series A Warrant; and (iii) one Series B Warrant, identical to the Warrants in the Unit. The Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The Company received approximately $3.0 million in gross proceeds from the Offering, prior to deducting the underwriting discount and commission and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the Underwriter a 45-day option to purchase up to 150,000 shares of Common Stock and/or Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of Common Stock and/or Warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments.

The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the Company, conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company and the underwriters, “lock-up” agreements where the Company and each officers, directors and 5% shareholders of the Company have agreed with the Underwriter not to offer for sale, issue, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of the Company’s Common Stock or securities convertible into Common Stock for a period of 90 days from the commencement of sale under the final prospectus relating to the Offering.

Private Offerings to Accredited Investors

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 2,575 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $275,000 to accredited investors in a private offering.

PIPE Offering and Related Waiver to Institutions

On January 25, 2023, the Company consummated a private placement (the “PIPE Offering”) pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of January 25, 2023 (the “2023 SPA”) that it entered into with institutional investors, in which the Company issued (i) 5,000 shares of common stock; (ii) 66,372 purchase warrants (the “Purchase Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 116,151 shares of common stock; and (iii) 61,372 pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 61,372 shares of common stock. The purchase price of each share of common stock and associated Purchase Warrant was $45.20. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant was $45.00. The aggregate gross proceeds of the PIPE Offering was approximately $3.0 million, before deducting fees to the placement agent and other expenses payable by the Company. EF Hutton, division of Benchmark Investments, LLC, acted as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the PIPE Offering.

In connection with the PIPE Offering, the Company entered into a Waiver (the “Waiver”) with L1 Capital Global Opportunities Master Fund (“L1”) waiving certain provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 14, 2021 (the “2021 SPA”), by and between it and L1. Pursuant to the terms of the Waiver, L1 waived certain provisions of the 2021 SPA and in consideration thereof, the Company (i) issued 7,500 purchase warrants substantially similar to the Purchase Warrants issued in connection with the 2023 SPA; and (ii) paid a cash fee of $50,000 to L1.

F-40

Pursuant to the 2023 SPA, the Company is obligated to hold a special stockholders’ meeting no later than 60 days following the date of the Purchase Agreement to solicit the approval of the issuance of the shares, Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the Warrants in compliance with the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (without regard to any limitations on exercise set forth in the Warrants or the Pre-Funded Warrants. On March 27, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders and the stockholders approved the PIPE Offering.

In connection with the PIPE Offering, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Purchasers, dated January 25, 2023 (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). The Registration Rights Agreement provides that the Company shall file a registration statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) with the SEC. The Registration Statement was filed and declared effective by the SEC on February 9, 2023.

Common Stock Issued in Exchange for Consulting, Professional and Other Services

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued 1,167 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $31,968 to contractors for services rendered.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 298 shares of common stock with a fair market value of $116,736 to contractors for services rendered.

Common Stock Issued in Connection with the Conversion of Convertible Note Principal and Accrued Interest

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 14,997 shares of common stock upon the conversion of $5,875,000 in convertible note principal and accrued interest.

Stock Purchase Warrants

Stock purchase warrants are accounted for as equity in accordance with ASC 480, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

The following table reflects all outstanding and exercisable warrants at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Schedule of stock purchase warrants
	Number of Warrants Outstanding			Weighted Avg. Exercise Price		Weighted Avg. Contractual Life (Yrs.)
Balance January 1, 2022		7,079		$	2,640.00		1.75
Warrants issued		214,018		$	64.00
Warrants exercised		(13,953	)	$	–
Warrants forfeited		(284	)	$	–
December 31, 2022		206,860		$	145.80		4.89
Warrants issued		4,058,719		$	2.07
Warrants exercised		(1,403,461	)	$	–
Warrants forfeited		(62	)	$	–
Balance December 31, 2023		2,862,056		$	7.93		4.84

F-41

All stock warrants are exercisable for a period ranging from three to five years from the date of issuance.

On January 31, 2023, in connection with the PIPE Offering described above (Note 16 – Stockholders’ Equity), the Company issued 66,372 Purchase Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 116,151 shares of common stock. The Purchase Warrants are immediately exercisable for $45.20 per share of common stock. The Purchase Warrant holders may also effect an alternative cashless exercise on or after the later of (i) the 30 day anniversary of the initial exercise date and (ii) the stockholder approval date (as defined in the 2023 SPA). In such event, the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable in such alternative cashless exercise shall equal the product of the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon exercise of the Purchase Warrants and 0.85.

The Purchase Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following average assumptions: the Company’s stock price on the date of the issuance ($43.00), an expected dividend yield of 0%, a historical volatility of 176.6%, a risk-free interest rate of 3.6%, and an expected term of one year. The Purchase Warrants were allocated a relative fair value of $1,387,429.

On January 31, 2023, the Company also issued 7,500 purchase warrants, substantially similar to the Purchase Warrants issued in connection with the PIPE Offering, to purchase an aggregate of 13,125 shares of common stock. The Purchase Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following average assumptions: the Company’s stock price on the date of the issuance ($43.00), an expected dividend yield of 0%, a historical volatility of 176.6%, a risk-free interest rate of 3.6%, and an expected term of 1 year. The fair value of the purchase warrants was $350,039.

On September 7, 2023, in connection with the Registered Offering described above (Note 16 – Stockholders’ Equity), the Company issued 1,150,000 Series A Warrants and 1,150,000 Series B Warrants to purchase an aggregate 2,300,000 shares of common stock at $3.00 per share. The Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The Series A Warrant holders may also effect an alternative cashless on or after the earlier of (i) thirty (30) days from the effective date of the registration statement filed with the SEC until the termination date and (ii) the date on which the aggregate composite trading volume of the Company’s common stock as reported by Bloomberg beginning on the date of the initial exercise date exceeds 15 million shares. In such event, the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable in such alternative cashless exercise shall equal the product of the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon exercise of the Purchase Warrants and 0.50.

The Purchase Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following average assumptions: the Company’s stock price on the date of the issuance ($2.22), an expected dividend yield of 0%, a historical volatility of 184.4%, a risk-free interest rate of 4.41%, and an expected term of one year. The Purchase Warrants were allocated a relative fair value of $1,375,248.

On December 21, 2023, in connection with the Alpha SPA described above (Note 12 – Debt), the Company issued a warrant for 757,036 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.78 per share and a warrant for 757,036 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $.001 per share. The warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date.

The Purchase Warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following average assumptions: the Company’s stock price on the date of the issuance ($1.31), an expected dividend yield of 0%, a historical volatility of 143.70%, a risk-free interest rate of 3.87%, and an expected term of one year. The Purchase Warrants were allocated a relative fair value of $1,102,852.

F-42

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company issued 13,953 shares of common stock upon the exercise of 13,953 Pre-Funded Warrants for gross proceeds of $279.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company issued

Grom Social Enterprises, Inc. 10-K