Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


Level 1						Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2						Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3						Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We primarily apply the market approach to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial instruments during the six months ended June 30, 2025. The following tables present information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.


	June 30, 2025								Balance Sheet Classification
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	550.1	$	—	$	—	$	550.1	Cash and cash equivalents

Liabilities
Contingent acquisition obligations 1	$	—	$	—	$	0.3	$	0.3	Accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities

	December 31, 2024								Balance Sheet Classification
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	1,139.5	$	—	$	—	$	1,139.5	Cash and cash equivalents

Liabilities
Contingent acquisition obligations 1	$	—	$	—	$	5.5	$	5.5	Accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities

1Contingent acquisition obligations includes deferred acquisition payments and unconditional obligations to purchase additional non-controlling equity shares of consolidated subsidiaries. Fair value measurement of the obligations is based upon actual and projected operating performance targets as specified in the related agreements. The decrease in this balance of $(5.2) from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 is primarily due to payments related to our deferred acquisitions payments from prior-year acquisitions. The amounts payable within the next twelve months are classified in accrued liabilities; any amounts payable thereafter are classified in other non-current liabilities.

Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.


	June 30, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Total long-term debt	$	—	$	2,749.9	$	0.4	$	2,750.3	$	—	$	2,701.6	$	0.4	$	2,702.0

Our long-term debt is comprised of senior notes and other notes payable. The fair value of our senior notes, which are traded over-the-counter, is based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. Therefore, these senior notes are classified as Level 2. Our other notes payable are not actively traded, and their fair value is not solely derived from readily observable inputs. The fair value of our other notes payable is determined based on a discounted cash flow model and other proprietary valuation methods, and therefore is classified as Level 3. See Note 4 for further information on our long-term debt.

The discount rates used as significant unobservable inputs in the Level 3 fair value measurements of our contingent acquisition obligations and long-term debt as of June 30, 2025 ranged from 4.0% to 6.0%.

Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill (Level 3), intangible assets, and property and equipment. Accordingly, these assets are not measured and adjusted to fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to periodic evaluations for potential impairment.

INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. 10-Q