Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	15. Commitments and Contingencies Our business is governed by laws and regulations, including those directed to the oilfield service industry, promulgated by U.S. federal and state governments and regulatory agencies, as well as international governmental authorities in the many countries in which we conduct business. In the United States, these governmental authorities include the U.S. Department of Labor, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Land Management, the Department of Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, state environmental agencies and many others. We are unaware of any material liabilities in connection with our compliance with such laws. New laws, regulations and enforcement policies may result in additional, presently unquantifiable, or unknown, costs or liabilities. From time to time, the Company is involved in various claims, regulatory agency audits, investigations and legal actions involving a variety of matters. The Company maintains insurance that covers claims such as third-party personal injury or property damage claims arising from risks associated with the business activities of the Company, including premises liability, product liability, marine risk, property damage, and other insurable losses. The Company carries substantial insurance to cover insurable risks above a self-insured retention, e.g., claims for personal injury and property. The Company believes, and the Company’s experience has been, that such insurance has been sufficient to cover its material risks from operations. The Company also from time to time may be a party to claims, threatened and actual litigation, arbitration, and internal investigations of potential regulatory and compliance matters which may arise from the Company’s business activities, some of which may not involve insured claims. The Company believes, and the Company’s experience has been, that such insurance has been sufficient to cover its material risks from operations. The regulatory matters and disputes which the Company faces may involve private parties and/or government authorities who may assert a broad variety of potential claims against the Company, such as employment law claims, collective actions or class action claims, intellectual property claims (such as alleged patent infringement, and/or misappropriation of trade secrets by the Company), premises liability claims, environmental claims, product liability claims, warranty claims, personal injury claims arising from exposure to or use of allegedly defective products or from activities of the Company, alleged regulatory violations, alleged violations of anti-corruption and anti-bribery, trade, customs or other laws and other commercial and/or regulatory claims seeking recovery for alleged actual or exemplary damages or fines and penalties. Such claims involve various theories of liability which may include negligence, breach of contract, strict liability, product liability, and others. For some of these contingent claims and potential liabilities, the Company’s insurance coverage may not apply, or exclusions to coverage or legal impediments may apply. In such instances, settlement or other resolution of such claims, individually or collectively, could have a material financial or reputational impact on the Company. As of June 30, 2025, in the ordinary course of business, the Company recorded reserves in an amount believed to be sufficient, given the estimated range of potential outcomes, for contingent liabilities believed to be probable. These reserves include costs currently and reasonably estimated to be incurred for reclamation of a closed barite mine and product liability claims, as well as other circumstances involving material claims. The Company periodically assesses the potential for losses above the amounts accrued as well as potential losses for matters that are believed to be not probable, but which are reasonably possible. The Company sets accruals in accordance with GAAP based on its best judgment about the probable results of disputed claims, regulatory enforcement actions, tax and other governmental audits, and other contingencies. The litigation process and the outcome of regulatory oversight is inherently uncertain, and our best judgment concerning the probable outcome of litigation or regulatory enforcement matters may prove to be incorrect. No assurance can be given as to the outcome of these matters. The total potential loss on these matters cannot be determined; however, in our opinion, any ultimate liability, to the extent not otherwise provided for, should not materially affect our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. These estimated liabilities are based on the Company’s assessment of the nature of these matters, their progress toward resolution, the advice of legal counsel and outside experts as well as management’s experience. Because of the uncertainty and risk inherent to litigation, arbitration, audits, governmental investigations, enforcement actions, and similar matters, the Company’s actual liabilities incurred may materially exceed our estimated liabilities and reserves, which could have a material financial or reputational impact on the Company. In many instances, the Company’s products and services embody or incorporate trade secrets or patented inventions. From time to time, we are engaged in disputes concerning protection of the Company’s trade secrets and confidential information, patents, and other intellectual property rights. Such disputes frequently involve complex, factual, technical and/or legal issues which result in high costs to adjudicate our rights and for which it may be difficult to predict the ultimate outcome. At any given time, the Company may be a plaintiff or defendant in disputes involving disputed intellectual property rights. The Company is currently pursuing litigation against several companies involving royalties due under licenses for technology related to drill bits. This technology resulted in a portfolio of patents related to leaching technology, a revolutionary technology owned by the Company that improves the performance of drill bits and other products utilizing certain synthetic diamond parts. The Company previously sued several drill bit manufacturers for patent infringement and those lawsuits were resolved by a series of licensing agreements with various drill bit manufacturers. To settle and end litigation or to avoid litigation, the licensees were provided access to the portfolio of leaching patents owned by the Company in exchange for a royalty payment, as defined in each license agreement. The companies agreed to pay the royalties for the right to use the portfolio of patents, whether they used some, all or none of the specific patented claims in any particular patent. The license agreements provide that they terminate on the date of the last to expire of the patents in the licensed portfolio. Having obtained the benefit of these licenses for more than a decade, all of the drill bit manufacturer licensees unilaterally stopped making royalty payments even though all of the patents in the portfolio have not expired. These companies have asserted, among other reasons, that they are entitled to stop making these payments because they claim to not manufacture products covered by the unexpired patents. Some of these companies stopped making payments after the expiration of what are allegedly the patents in the portfolio that they elected to use. Others paid for some period of time after that date but have since stopped making payments. The Company has sued asserting that failure to pay the royalties is a breach of the license agreements at issue. The Company is in litigation with most of the licensees seeking a judicial determination that it is entitled to be paid royalties pursuant to the terms of the licenses. The licensees have responded with a number of alleged defenses and requests for declaratory judgment all focused on avoiding the payments called for under the licenses. The parties’ legal filings to date can be found in the following cases: Grant Prideco, Inc., et al. v. Schlumberger Technology Corp., et al., No. 4:23-cv-00730; and Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. v. Grant Prideco, Inc., et al., No. 4:23-cv-01789, both in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas; and Grant Prideco, Inc., et al. v. Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Inc., No. 25-BC11A-0019 in the 11th Business Court, Harris County, Texas. While the Company strongly believes that the royalties for which it has sued are due and owing pursuant to the terms of the licensing agreements, there is inherent risk with the related litigation and the Company makes no assurances as to the outcome of such litigation. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the financial impact of royalties. The protection of intellectual property is important to the Company’s performance, and as such, an adverse result in disputes related to our intellectual property could result in materially adverse financial consequences such as a decline in sales of products protected by patents, which could materially and adversely impact our financial performance. From time to time purchasers of our products and services or members of our supply chain or sales chain become involved in litigation, governmental investigations, internal investigations, political or other enforcement matters, or other dispute proceedings. In such circumstances, such proceedings may adversely impact the ability of purchasers of our products, entities providing financial support to such consumers or entities in the supply chain or sales chain to timely perform their business plans or to timely perform under agreements with us. We may, from time to time, become involved in these proceedings at substantial cost to the Company. The Company is exposed to customs and trade regulation risk, including tariffs, in the countries in which we do business and countries from which, or to which, we import or export goods. Such trade regulations can be complex and conflicting, as different countries use trade regulation to promote conflicting policy objectives. Compliance with these laws and regulations presents challenges which could result in future liabilities (for example, alleged violation of those laws or when laws conflict between countries). The Company may face increased tariffs and trade costs, loss of revenue, loss of customers, fines, penalties, increased costs, the need for renegotiation of agreements, and other business disruptions. Trade regulations, supply chain regulations, and other regulatory compliance in different jurisdictions may conflict with one another or with contractual terms with our various counterparties. In such circumstances, our compliance with U.S. laws and regulations may subject us to risk of fines, penalties, or contractual liability in other jurisdictions. Our efforts to actively manage such risks may not always be successful, and this could lead to negative impacts on revenue or earnings. In addition, trade regulations, export controls, and other laws adversely impact our ability to do business in certain countries, e.g., Iran, Syria, Russia, China and Venezuela. In response to additional sanctions enacted by governments in the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and other countries regarding the armed conflict in Ukraine, we ceased new investments in Russia and have curtailed our activities there. During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our business in Russia. The sale is subject to various government approvals in Russia, the U.S. and E.U. The Russian government continues to enact new laws impacting the exit of western companies from Russia, including some instances of expropriation of western businesses. During the first quarter of 2025, the U.S. enacted additional sanctions on Russian operations which further restricted our control of the activities within our Russian operations and resulted in the deconsolidation of our Russian subsidiaries, such that their financial results are no longer included in our consolidated financial statements. We may incur additional costs as a result of conditions in Russia if we are unable to complete the transaction to sell our Russian business on the terms of the agreements. Geopolitical events continue to pose supply chain and other business risks. The Company’s ability to manufacture equipment and perform services could be impaired by such disruptions and the Company could be exposed to liabilities resulting from additional interruption or delay in its ability to perform due to factors such as war, materials shortages, inflationary pressures, limited manpower or otherwise. We may face loss of workers, labor shortages, litigation, fines and/or other adverse consequences resulting from ongoing labor impacts. The combined impact of supply chain and labor market disruptions, tariffs, continuing inflationary impacts, as well as monetary and regulatory policies could have material adverse impacts on our financial results. Disputes may arise from a variety of causes, including weather impacts, cyber, geopolitical, regulatory or other business risks. These risks may trigger the application of force majeure and other contract provisions concerning allocation of responsibility among customers, the Company, and suppliers, resulting in material added cost and/or litigation. Our customers may attempt to cancel or delay projects, cancel contracts, or may invoke force majeure clauses. Our customers may also seek to delay or may default on their payments to us. As a result, the Company may be exposed to additional costs, liabilities and risks which could materially adversely impact our financial performance and results. These potential operational and service delays could result in contractual or other legal claims from our customers. At this time, it is not possible to quantify all these risks, but the combination of these factors could have a material impact on our financial results.

Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Our business is governed by laws and regulations, including those directed to the oilfield service industry, promulgated by U.S. federal and state governments and regulatory agencies, as well as international governmental authorities in the many countries in which we conduct business. In the United States, these governmental authorities include the U.S. Department of Labor, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Land Management, the Department of Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, state environmental agencies and many others. We are unaware of any material liabilities in connection with our compliance with such laws. New laws, regulations and enforcement policies may result in additional, presently unquantifiable, or unknown, costs or liabilities.

From time to time, the Company is involved in various claims, regulatory agency audits, investigations and legal actions involving a variety of matters. The Company maintains insurance that covers claims such as third-party personal injury or property damage claims arising from risks associated with the business activities of the Company, including premises liability, product liability, marine risk, property damage, and other insurable losses. The Company carries substantial insurance to cover insurable risks above a self-insured retention, e.g., claims for personal injury and property. The Company believes, and the Company’s experience has been, that such insurance has been sufficient to cover its material risks from operations. The Company also from time to time may be a party to claims, threatened and actual litigation, arbitration, and internal investigations of potential regulatory and compliance matters which may arise from the Company’s business activities, some of which may not involve insured claims. The Company believes, and the Company’s experience has been, that such insurance has been sufficient to cover its material risks from operations.

The regulatory matters and disputes which the Company faces may involve private parties and/or government authorities who may assert a broad variety of potential claims against the Company, such as employment law claims, collective actions or class action claims, intellectual property claims (such as alleged patent infringement, and/or misappropriation of trade secrets by the Company), premises liability claims, environmental claims, product liability claims, warranty claims, personal injury claims arising from exposure to or use of allegedly defective products or from activities of the Company, alleged regulatory violations, alleged violations of anti-corruption and anti-bribery, trade, customs or other laws and other commercial and/or regulatory claims seeking recovery for alleged actual or exemplary damages or fines and penalties. Such claims involve various theories of liability which may include negligence, breach of contract, strict liability, product liability, and others. For some of these contingent claims and potential liabilities, the Company’s insurance coverage may not apply, or exclusions to coverage or legal impediments may apply. In such instances, settlement or other resolution of such claims, individually or collectively, could have a material financial or reputational impact on the Company. As of June 30, 2025, in the ordinary course of business, the Company recorded reserves in an amount believed to be sufficient, given the estimated range of potential outcomes, for contingent liabilities believed to be probable. These reserves include costs currently and reasonably estimated to be incurred for reclamation of a closed barite mine and product liability claims, as well as other circumstances involving material claims. The Company periodically assesses the potential for losses above the amounts accrued as well as potential losses for matters that are believed to be not probable, but which are reasonably possible. The Company sets accruals in accordance with GAAP based on its best judgment about the probable results of disputed claims, regulatory enforcement actions, tax and other governmental audits, and other contingencies.

The litigation process and the outcome of regulatory oversight is inherently uncertain, and our best judgment concerning the probable outcome of litigation or regulatory enforcement matters may prove to be incorrect. No assurance can be given as to the outcome of these matters. The total potential loss on these matters cannot be determined; however, in our opinion, any ultimate liability, to the extent not otherwise provided for, should not materially affect our financial position, cash flows or results of operations. These estimated liabilities are based on the Company’s assessment of the nature of these matters, their progress toward resolution, the advice of legal counsel and outside experts as well as management’s experience. Because of the uncertainty and risk inherent to litigation, arbitration, audits, governmental investigations, enforcement actions, and similar matters, the Company’s actual liabilities incurred may materially exceed our estimated liabilities and reserves, which could have a material financial or reputational impact on the Company.

In many instances, the Company’s products and services embody or incorporate trade secrets or patented inventions. From time to time, we are engaged in disputes concerning protection of the Company’s trade secrets and confidential information, patents, and other intellectual property rights. Such disputes frequently involve complex, factual, technical and/or legal issues which result in high costs to adjudicate our rights and for which it may be difficult to predict the ultimate outcome. At any given time, the Company may be a plaintiff or defendant in disputes involving disputed intellectual property rights.

The Company is currently pursuing litigation against several companies involving royalties due under licenses for technology related to drill bits. This technology resulted in a portfolio of patents related to leaching technology, a revolutionary technology owned by the Company that improves the performance of drill bits and other products utilizing certain synthetic diamond parts. The Company previously sued several drill bit manufacturers for patent infringement and those lawsuits were resolved by a series of licensing agreements with various drill bit manufacturers. To settle and end litigation or to avoid litigation, the licensees were provided access to the portfolio of leaching patents owned by the Company in exchange for a royalty payment, as defined in each license agreement. The companies agreed to pay the royalties for the right to use the portfolio of patents, whether they used some, all or none of the specific patented claims in any particular patent. The license agreements provide that they terminate on the date of the last to expire of the patents in the licensed portfolio. Having obtained the benefit of these licenses for more than a decade, all of the drill bit manufacturer licensees unilaterally stopped making royalty payments even though all of the patents in the portfolio have not expired. These companies have asserted, among other reasons, that they are entitled to stop making these payments because they claim to not manufacture products covered by the unexpired patents. Some of these companies stopped making payments after the expiration of what are allegedly the patents in the portfolio that they elected to use. Others paid for some period of time after that date but have since stopped making payments. The Company has sued asserting that failure to pay the royalties is a breach of the license agreements at issue. The Company is in litigation with most of the licensees seeking a judicial determination that it is entitled to be paid royalties pursuant to the terms of the licenses. The licensees have responded with a number of alleged defenses and requests for declaratory judgment all focused on avoiding the payments called for under the licenses. The parties’ legal filings to date can be found in the following cases: Grant Prideco, Inc., et al. v. Schlumberger Technology Corp., et al., No. 4:23-cv-00730; and Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. v. Grant Prideco, Inc., et al., No. 4:23-cv-01789, both in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas; and Grant Prideco, Inc., et al. v. Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Inc., No. 25-BC11A-0019 in the 11th Business Court, Harris County, Texas. While the Company strongly believes that the royalties for which it has sued are due and owing pursuant to the terms of the licensing agreements, there is inherent risk with the related litigation and the Company makes no assurances as to the outcome of such litigation. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the financial impact of royalties.

The protection of intellectual property is important to the Company’s performance, and as such, an adverse result in disputes related to our intellectual property could result in materially adverse financial consequences such as a decline in sales of products protected by patents, which could materially and adversely impact our financial performance.

From time to time purchasers of our products and services or members of our supply chain or sales chain become involved in litigation, governmental investigations, internal investigations, political or other enforcement matters, or other dispute proceedings. In such circumstances, such proceedings may adversely impact the ability of purchasers of our products, entities providing financial support to such consumers or entities in the supply chain or sales chain to timely perform their business plans or to timely perform under agreements with us. We may, from time to time, become involved in these proceedings at substantial cost to the Company.

The Company is exposed to customs and trade regulation risk, including tariffs, in the countries in which we do business and countries from which, or to which, we import or export goods. Such trade regulations can be complex and conflicting, as different countries use trade regulation to promote conflicting policy objectives. Compliance with these laws and regulations presents challenges which could result in future liabilities (for example, alleged violation of those laws or when laws conflict between countries). The Company may face increased tariffs and trade costs, loss of revenue, loss of customers, fines, penalties, increased costs, the need for renegotiation of agreements, and other business disruptions. Trade regulations, supply chain regulations, and other regulatory compliance in different jurisdictions may conflict with one another or with contractual terms with our various counterparties. In such circumstances, our compliance with U.S. laws and regulations may subject us to risk of fines, penalties, or contractual liability in other jurisdictions. Our efforts to actively manage such risks may not always be successful, and this could lead to negative impacts on revenue or earnings. In addition, trade regulations, export controls, and other laws adversely impact our ability to do business in certain countries, e.g., Iran, Syria, Russia, China and Venezuela.

In response to additional sanctions enacted by governments in the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and other countries regarding the armed conflict in Ukraine, we ceased new investments in Russia and have curtailed our activities there. During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our business in Russia. The sale is subject to various government approvals in Russia, the U.S. and E.U. The Russian government continues to enact new laws impacting the exit of western companies from Russia, including some instances of expropriation of western businesses. During the first quarter of 2025, the U.S. enacted additional sanctions on Russian operations which further restricted our control of the activities within our Russian operations and resulted in the deconsolidation of our Russian subsidiaries, such that their financial results are no longer included in our consolidated financial statements. We may incur additional costs as a result of conditions in Russia if we are unable to complete the transaction to sell our Russian business on the terms of the agreements.

Geopolitical events continue to pose supply chain and other business risks. The Company’s ability to manufacture equipment and perform services could be impaired by such disruptions and the Company could be exposed to liabilities resulting from additional interruption or delay in its ability to perform due to factors such as war, materials shortages, inflationary pressures, limited manpower or otherwise. We may face loss of workers, labor shortages, litigation, fines and/or other adverse consequences resulting from ongoing labor impacts. The combined impact of supply chain and labor market disruptions, tariffs, continuing inflationary impacts, as well as monetary and regulatory policies could have material adverse impacts on our financial results.

Disputes may arise from a variety of causes, including weather impacts, cyber, geopolitical, regulatory or other business risks. These risks may trigger the application of force majeure and other contract provisions concerning allocation of responsibility among customers, the Company, and suppliers, resulting in material added cost and/or litigation. Our customers may attempt to cancel or delay projects, cancel contracts, or may invoke force majeure clauses. Our customers may also seek to delay or may default on their payments to us. As a result, the Company may be exposed to additional costs, liabilities and risks which could materially adversely impact our financial performance and results. These potential operational and service delays could result in contractual or other legal claims from our customers. At this time, it is not possible to quantify all these risks, but the combination of these factors could have a material impact on our financial results.

NOV Inc. 10-Q