Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

Note 6. Risk Management and Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments are utilized to manage exposure to commodity price and interest rate fluctuations and to achieve a more predictable cash flow in connection with natural gas and oil sales and borrowing related activities. These instruments limit exposure to declines in prices but also limit the benefits that would be realized if prices increase.

Certain inherent business risks are associated with commodity derivative contracts, including market risk and credit risk. Market risk is the risk that the price of natural gas or oil will change, either favorably or unfavorably, in response to changing market conditions. Credit risk is the risk of loss from nonperformance by the counterparty to a contract. It is the Company’s policy to enter into derivative contracts only with creditworthy counterparties, which are generally financial institutions, deemed by management as competent and competitive market makers. Some of the lenders, or certain of their affiliates, under the Company’s current credit agreements are counterparties to its derivative contracts. While collateral is generally not required to be posted by counterparties, credit risk associated with derivative instruments is minimized by limiting exposure to any single counterparty and entering into derivative instruments only with creditworthy counterparties that are generally large financial institutions. Additionally, master netting agreements are used to mitigate risk of loss due to default with counterparties on derivative instruments. The Company has also entered into International Swaps and Derivatives Association Master Agreements (“ISDA Agreements”) with each of its counterparties. The terms of the ISDA Agreements provide the Company and each of its counterparties with rights of set-off upon the occurrence of defined acts of default by either the Company or its counterparty to a derivative, whereby the party not in default may set-off all liabilities owed to the defaulting party against all net derivative asset receivables from the defaulting party. As a result, had certain counterparties failed completely to perform according to the terms of the existing contracts, the Company would have the right to offset $11.3 million against amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility at September 30, 2025. See Note 8 for additional information regarding the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility.

Commodity Derivatives

The Company may use a combination of commodity derivatives (e.g., floating-for-fixed swaps, put options and costless collars) to manage exposure to commodity price volatility. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments at fair value.

The Company enters into natural gas derivative contracts that are indexed to NYMEX-Henry Hub. The Company also enters into oil derivative contracts indexed to NYMEX-WTI.

At September 30, 2025, the Company had the following open commodity positions:


	Remaining
	2025		2026		2027		2028
Natural Gas Derivative Contracts:
Fixed price swap contracts:
Average monthly volume (MMBtu)		560,000		515,000		197,500		20,000
Weighted-average fixed price	$	3.75	$	3.80	$	3.96	$	3.86

Collar contracts:
Two-way collars
Average monthly volume (MMBtu)		500,000		517,500		640,000		67,500
Weighted-average floor price	$	3.50	$	3.58	$	3.54	$	3.50
Weighted-average ceiling price	$	3.90	$	4.11	$	4.31	$	4.52

Crude Oil Derivative Contracts:
Fixed price swap contracts:
Average monthly volume (Bbls)		186,000		152,500		57,417		—
Weighted-average fixed price	$	70.21	$	65.63	$	62.53	$	—

Balance Sheet Presentation

The following table summarizes both: (i) the gross fair value of derivative instruments by the appropriate balance sheet classification even when the derivative instruments are subject to netting arrangements and qualify for net presentation in the balance sheet and (ii) the net recorded fair value as reflected on the balance sheet at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There was no cash collateral received or pledged associated with the Company’s derivative instruments since most of its counterparties, or certain of its affiliates, to its derivative contracts are lenders under its Revolving Credit Facility.


		Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
		Derivatives		Derivatives		Derivatives		Derivatives
		September 30,		September 30,		December 31,		December 31,
Type	Balance Sheet Location	2025		2025		2024		2024

		(In thousands)
Commodity contracts	Short-term derivative instruments	$	14,003	$	3,020	$	9,499	$	3,114
Interest rate swaps	Short-term derivative instruments		—		—		—		—
Gross fair value			14,003		3,020		9,499		3,114
Netting arrangements			(3,020)		(3,020)		(3,114)		(3,114)
Net recorded fair value	Short-term derivative instruments	$	10,983	$	—	$	6,385	$	—

Commodity contracts	Long-term derivative instruments	$	7,359	$	7,086	$	4,818	$	4,585
Interest rate swaps	Long-term derivative instruments		—		—		—		—
Gross fair value			7,359		7,086		4,818		4,585
Netting arrangements			(7,086)		(7,086)		(4,585)		(4,585)
Net recorded fair value	Long-term derivative instruments	$	273	$	—	$	233	$	—

Loss (Gain) on Derivative Instruments

The Company does not designate derivative instruments as hedging instruments for accounting and financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, all gains and losses, including changes in the derivative instruments’ fair values, have been recorded in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table details the gains and losses related to derivative instruments for the periods indicated (in thousands):


		For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	Statements of	September 30,				September 30,
	Operations Location	2025		2024		2025		2024
Commodity derivative contracts	Loss (gain) on commodity derivatives	$	(6,922)	$	(25,047)	$	(14,767)	$	(7,258)

- Definition

The entire disclosure for derivative instruments and hedging activities including, but not limited to, risk management strategies, non-hedging derivative instruments, assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and methodologies and assumptions used in determining the amounts.

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+ Details

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