Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with the U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. The reported amounts of revenues and expenses may be affected by the estimates that management is required to make. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. The following are some of the areas requiring significant judgments and estimates as of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024: discount rate used in calculation of right-of-use assets and lease liability, valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets, etc.

Foreign Currency and Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s reporting currency is the United States Dollar (“US$” or “$”). The Company’s operations are principally conducted in Hong Kong where Hong Kong dollar is the functional currency.

Transactions denominated in other than the functional currencies are re-measured into the functional currency of the entity at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the applicable functional currencies are translated into the functional currency at the prevailing rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. The resulting exchange differences are reported in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The exchanges rates used for translation from Hong Kong dollar to US$ was 7.8000, a pegged rate determined by the linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong. This pegged rate was used to translate Company’s balance sheets, income statement items and cash flow items for both the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments

On April 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” for financial assets at amortized cost including accounts receivable, refundable deposits. This guidance replaced the “incurred loss” impairment methodology with an approach based on “expected losses” to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The guidance requires financial assets to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the cost of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

Certain Risks and Concentration

The Company’s financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and receivables, and other assets. As of March 31, 2025, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held in major financial institutions located in Hong Kong, which management considers to being of high credit quality.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the two largest customers accounted for 68.1% and 12.1% of the Company’s total revenue respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the largest customer accounted for 96.5% of the Company’s total revenue.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the three largest suppliers (sub-brokers) accounted for 70.3%, 7.9% and 5.5% of the Company’s total costs of sale respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the three largest suppliers (sub-brokers) accounted for 51.6%, 27.7% and 15.4% of the Company’s total costs of sale respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of petty cash on hand and cash held in banks, which are highly liquid and have original maturities of three months or less and are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use. The Company maintains all bank accounts in Hong Kong. Cash balances in bank accounts in Hong Kong are protected under Deposit Protection Scheme in accordance with the Deposit Protection Scheme Ordinance. The maximum protection is up to HKD800,000 per depositor per Scheme member, including both principal and interest.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable represents trade receivable and are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently adjusted for any allowance for expected credit loss.

The Company evaluates the expected credit loss of accounts receivable based on historical collection experience, the financial condition of its customers and assumptions for the future movement of different economic drivers and how these drivers will affect each other. The Company writes off potentially uncollectible accounts receivable against the allowance for credit losses if it is determined that the amounts will not be collected or if a settlement with respect to a disputed receivable is reached for an amount that is less than the carrying value.

The Company historically did not have material bad debts in accounts receivable and management believed that there were no expected credit loss for doubtful accounts. There were no provision for credit loss for doubtful accounts for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and there was no allowance for credit loss as of March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue primarily through insurance brokerage services and referral business in Hong Kong. The Company sells insurance products underwritten by insurance companies operating in Hong Kong to its individual customers and is compensated for its services by commissions paid by insurance companies, typically based on a percentage of the premium paid by the insured. In addition, the Company has entered into a collaborative partnership with a trust company in Hong Kong. Under this arrangement, the Company referred clients to the trust company for investment products and, in return, earned commissions based on a percentage of the value of the investment products purchased by the referred clients as revenue.

ASC 606 provides for a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. These five steps include:

	(i)	Identify the contract

	(ii)	Identify performance obligations

	(iii)	Determine transaction price

	(iv)	Allocate transaction price

	(v)	Recognize revenue

The Company enters into insurance brokerage contracts with customers (insurance companies). Performance obligation for these insurance brokerage contracts is to help insurance company customers to promote, coordinate and complete subscriptions of insurance policies offered by customers.

Insurance brokerage services

Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of a good or service. A customer obtains control of a good or service if it has the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from that good or service. The transfer of control of the Company’s brokerage services generally occurs at a point in time on the effective date of the associated insurance contract when the policy transfers to the customer. The insurance policy entered between the insurance company and the insured customer generally contains a cool-off period of one to two months. When the cool-off period elapses and the insured customer does not withdraw from the insurance policy, the policy becomes effective. Once the transfer of control of a service occurs, the Company has satisfied its insurance brokerage performance obligation and recognizes revenue.

Referral Business

A summary of the Company’s gross revenues disaggregated by major service lines for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are as follows:

	Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2025					Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2024
Service Type	Revenue (US$)		Percentage of Revenue			Revenue (US$)		Percentage of Revenue
Insurance brokerage services		7,840,658		93.5	%		6,366,154		100.0	%
Referral business		540,616		6.5	%		—		0.0	%
Total Revenue		8,381,274		100.0	%		6,366,154		100.0	%

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

	Level 1:	Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

	Level 2:	Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

	Level 3:	Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, lease liabilities and due to related party. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. For lease liabilities, fair value approximates their carrying value at the period end as the interest rates used to discount the host contracts approximate market rates.

The Company noted no transfers between levels during any of the periods presented. The Company did not have any instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring nor non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation of property and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis, after consideration of expected useful lives and estimated residual values. The estimated annual deprecation rate of these assets are generally as follows:

Category	Depreciation rate	Estimated residual value
Office equipment	3 years	Nil
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or 3 years	Nil

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Gains and losses on disposals are the differences between net sales proceeds and carrying amount of the relevant assets and are recognized in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amounts to the expected future undiscounted cash flows attributable to these assets. If it is determined that an asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded in the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the expected discounted cash flows arising from those assets.

There were no impairment losses for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Leases

Arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or finance leases, and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as both a right of use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right of use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right of use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term.

In calculating the right of use asset and lease liability, the Company elects to combine lease and non-lease components as permitted under ASC 842. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Taxation

Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net profit for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions.

Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carryforwards and credits. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to apply to taxable income in which temporary differences are expected to be reversed or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes in tax rates is recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive income in the period of the enactment of the change.

The Company considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Company has considered possible sources of taxable income including (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (iii) future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (iv) specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company initially and subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Company judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Company’s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in the period in which they are identified. The Company’s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Company classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily include staff cost, consulting and professional fees, rent and rates, depreciation, travelling and transportation, insurance, and other miscellaneous administrative expenses.

Related party transactions

In general, related parties exist when there is a relationship that offers the potential for transactions at less than arm’s-length, favorable treatment, or the ability to influence the outcome of events different from that which might result in the absence of that relationship. A related party may be any of the following: a) an affiliate, which is a party that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another party; b) a principle owner, owner of record or known beneficial owner of more than 10% of the voting interest of an entity; c) management, which are persons having responsibility for achieving objectives of the entity and requisite authority to make decision; d) immediate family of management or principal owners; e) a parent company and its subsidiaries; and f) other parties that have ability to significant influence the management or operating policies of the entity.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to holders of common stock by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between shares of common stock and other participating securities based on their participating rights. Net loss is not allocated to other participating securities if based on their contractual terms they are not obligated to share in the losses. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to holders of common stock by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted loss per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company has reviewed all the recent accounting pronouncements issued to date of the issuance of these financial statements, and does not believe any of these pronouncements will have a material impact on the Company.

QDM International Inc. 10-K