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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the year ended December 31, 2024

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from to

Commission File number 000-55417

ATEL 16, LLC

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


California	90-0920813
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I. R. S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

505 Montgomery Street 7th Floor, San Francisco, California 94111

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (415) 989-8800

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: Limited Liability Company Units

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
N/A	N/A	N/A

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

State the aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant: Not applicable

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of a specified date within the past 60 days. (See definition of affiliate in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Not applicable.

The number of Limited Liability Company Units outstanding as of February 28, 2025 was 4,264,386.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS

General Development of Business

ATEL 16, LLC (the “Company” or the “Fund”) was formed under the laws of the state of California on December 27, 2012 (“Date of Inception”) for the purpose of equipment financing and acquiring equipment to engage in equipment leasing and sales activities. The Managing Member of the Company is ATEL Managing Member, LLC (the “Managing Member” or “Manager”), a Nevada limited liability company. The Managing Member is controlled by ATEL Financial Services, LLC (“AFS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ATEL Capital Group. The Fund may continue until terminated as provided in the ATEL 16, LLC Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement dated November 1, 2013 (the “Operating Agreement”). Contributions in the amount of $500 were received as of December 31, 2012, which represented the initial member’s capital investment. As a limited liability company, the liability of any individual member for the obligations of the Fund is limited to the extent of capital contributions to the Fund by the individual member.

The Company conducted a public offering of 15,000,000 Limited Liability Company Units (“Units”), at a base price of $10 per Unit. As of March 6, 2014, subscriptions for the minimum number of Units (120,000, representing $1.2 million), excluding subscriptions from Pennsylvania investors, had been received and the Fund requested subscription proceeds to be released from escrow. On that date, the Company commenced initial operations and continued in its development stage activities until transitioning to an operating enterprise during the second quarter of 2014. Pennsylvania subscriptions are subject to a separate escrow and are released to the Fund only when aggregate subscriptions for all investors equal to at least $7.5 million. Total contributions to the Fund exceeded $7.5 million on June 19, 2014, at which time a request was processed to release the Pennsylvania escrowed amounts. The offering was terminated on November 5, 2015.

As of December 31, 2024, cumulative gross contributions, less rescissions and repurchases (net of distributions paid and allocated syndication costs, as applicable), totaling $42.8 million (inclusive of the $500 initial Member’s capital investment) have been received. As of the same date, 4,265,386 Units were issued and outstanding.

The Company’s principal objectives are to invest in a diversified portfolio of investments that will (i) preserve, protect and return the Company’s invested capital; (ii) generate regular cash distributions to Unit holders during the Offering Stage and Operating Stage of the Fund, any balance remaining after required minimum distributions, equal to not less than 7% nor more than 9% per annum on investors’ Original Invested Capital, during the Operating State, to be used to purchase additional investments during the Reinvestment Period (the first six years after the year the offering terminates); and (iii) provide additional cash distributions during the Liquidating Stage, commencing with the end of the Operating Stage/Reinvestment Period and continuing until all investment portfolio assets have been sold or otherwise disposed. The Company is governed by the Operating Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Operating Agreement, the Managing Member and/or its affiliates receive compensation for services rendered and reimbursements for costs incurred on behalf of the Company (See Note 6, Related party transactions, as set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data). The Company is required to maintain reasonable cash reserves for working capital, the repurchase of Units and contingencies. The repurchase of Units is solely at the discretion of the Managing Member.

Narrative Description of Business

The Company has acquired and intends to acquire various types of new and used equipment subject to leases and to make loans secured by equipment acquired by its borrowers. The Company’s primary investment objective is to acquire investments primarily in low-technology, low-obsolescence equipment such as the core operating equipment used by companies in the manufacturing, mining and transportation industries. A portion of the portfolio will include some more technology-dependent equipment such as certain types of communications equipment, medical equipment, manufacturing equipment and office equipment.

The Company only purchases equipment under pre-existing leases or for which a lease will be entered into concurrently at the time of the purchase. Through December 31, 2024, the Company had purchased equipment with a total acquisition price of $43.6 million. The Company had also funded investments in notes receivable totaling $7.6 million through December 31, 2024.

The Company’s objective is to have at least 75% of its investment portfolio (by cost) consist of equipment leased to lessees that the Manager deems to be high quality corporate credits and/or leases guaranteed by such high quality corporate credits. High quality corporate credits are lessees or guarantors who have a credit rating by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. of “Baa3” or better, or the credit equivalent as determined by the Manager, or are public and private corporations with substantial revenues and histories of profitable operations, as well as established hospitals with histories of profitability or municipalities. The remaining 25% of the initial investment portfolio may include equipment lease transactions, and other debt or equity financing for companies which, although deemed creditworthy by the Manager, would not satisfy the specific credit criteria for the portfolio described above. Included in this 25% of the portfolio may be growth capital financing investments. No more than 25% of the initial portfolio, by cost, will consist of these growth capital financing investments.

The equipment financing industry is highly competitive. Equipment manufacturers, corporations, partnerships and others offer users an alternative to the purchase of most types of equipment with payment terms that vary widely depending on the type of financing, the lease or loan term and type of equipment. The ability of the Company to keep the equipment leased and the terms of purchase, lease and sale of equipment depends on various factors (many of which neither the Managing Member nor the Company can control), such as general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation or recession, and fluctuations in supply and demand for various types of equipment resulting from, among other things, technological and economic obsolescence.

The Managing Member will use its best efforts to diversify lessees by geography and industry and to maintain an appropriate balance and diversity in the types of equipment acquired and the types of leases entered into by the Company, and will apply the following policies: (i) The Managing Member will seek to limit the amount invested in equipment or property leased to any single lessee to not more than 20% of the aggregate purchase price of investments as of the final commitment of net offering proceeds; (ii) in no event will the Company’s equity investment in equipment or property leased to a single lessee exceed an amount equal to 20% of the maximum capital from the sale of Units (or $30,000,000); and (iii) the Managing Member will seek to invest not more than 20% of the aggregate purchase price of equipment in equipment acquired from a single manufacturer. However, this last limitation is a general guideline only, and the Company may acquire equipment from a single manufacturer in excess of the stated percentage during the offering period and before the offering proceeds are fully invested, or if the Managing Member deems such a course of action to be in the Company’s best interest.

The primary geographic region in which the Company seeks leasing opportunities is North America. Most of the Company’s current operating revenues and long-lived assets relate to customers domiciled in North America. See Note 2, Summary of significant accounting policies, as set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The business of the Company is not seasonal. The Company has no full time employees. Employees of the Managing Member and affiliates provide the services the Company requires to effectively operate. The cost of these services is reimbursed by the Company to the Managing Member and affiliates per the Operating Agreement.

For further information refer to the financial statements and footnotes.

Equipment Leasing Activities

The Company has acquired a diversified portfolio of equipment. The equipment, most of which is currently located in the United States, has been leased to lessees in various industries. The following tables set forth the types of equipment acquired by the Company through December 31, 2024 and the industries to which the assets have been leased (dollars in thousands):


	Purchase Price		Percentage of
	Excluding		Total
Asset Types	Acquisition Fees		Acquisitions
Aviation	$	10,690	24.50	%
Containers		6,803	15.59	%
Transportation, rail		5,034	11.54	%
Coal terminal		5,000	11.46	%
Materials handling		4,363	10.00	%
Mining		2,766	6.34	%
Marine vessels		2,291	5.25	%
Transportation		1,919	4.40	%
Construction		1,898	4.35	%
Manufacturing		1,243	2.84	%
Other		1,629	3.73	%
	$	43,636	100.00	%


	Purchase Price		Percentage of
	Excluding		Total
Industry of Lessee	Acquisition Fees		Acquisitions
Agriculture	$	8,521	19.53	%
Transportation, air		8,224	18.85	%
Utilities		7,291	16.71	%
Transportation		6,892	15.79	%
Transportation, rail		4,352	9.97	%
Manufacturing		3,482	7.98	%
Construction		2,824	6.47	%
Refuse systems		997	2.28	%
Other		1,053	2.42	%
	$	43,636	100.00	%

From inception through December 31, 2024, the Company has disposed of certain leased assets as set forth below (in thousands):


	Original
	Equipment Cost
	Excluding
Asset Types	Acquisition Fees		Sale Price		Gross Rents
Aviation	$	6,831	$	2,609	$	6,831
Containers		6,803		1,717		5,763
Transportation		6,237		3,018		5,092
Materials handling		3,745		991		3,880
Manufacturing		1,243		814		1,092
Construction		799		452		513
Other		737		450		486
	$	26,395	$	10,051	$	23,657

For further information regarding the Company’s equipment lease portfolio as of December 31, 2024, see Note 4, Investment in equipment and leases, net, as set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Notes Receivable Activities

The Company finances assets in diverse industries. The following tables set forth the types of assets financed by the Company through December 31, 2024 and the industries to which the assets have been financed (dollars in thousands):


	Amount Financed		Percentage of
	Excluding		Total
Asset Types	Acquisition Fees		Acquisitions
Research	$	2,614	34.26	%
Manufacturing		1,000	13.10	%
Computers		350	4.59	%
Agriculture		300	3.93	%
Other		3,367	44.12	%
	$	7,631	100.00	%


	Amount Financed		Percentage of
	Excluding		Total
Industry of Borrower	Acquisition Fees		Acquisitions
Manufacturing	$	1,763	23.10	%
Business services		1,737	22.77	%
Computer engines		1,113	14.59	%
Electrical		1,000	13.10	%
Health services		900	11.79	%
Research & development		684	8.96	%
Agriculture		300	3.93	%
Chemical		134	1.76	%
	$	7,631	100.00	%

From inception through December 31, 2024, assets financed by the Company that are associated with terminated loans are as follows (in thousands):


	Amount Financed
	Excluding		Early Termination		Total Payments
Asset Types	Acquisition Fees		of Notes Proceeds		Received
Research	$	2,614	$	349	$	3,083
Manufacturing		1,000		—		1,258
Computers		350		—		437
Agriculture		300		42		326
Other		3,367		3,029		3,347
	$	7,631	$	3,420	$	8,451

The Company had no notes receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY

The Company's information security program is designed with the goal of maintaining the safety and security of its systems and data. The risk management program is designed to identify, assess, and mitigate risks across various aspects of the company, including financial, operational, regulatory, and legal. Cybersecurity is a critical component of this program, given the increasing reliance on technology and potential cyber threats. With the departure of the Company’s Chief Information Officer during the first half of 2023, the Company has engaged a third-party cybersecurity expert to assess the security of the Company’s systems and networks. In addition, the Company engaged a third-party vendor, along with an in-house system administrator, together the “IT Management”, to service the Company’s information systems.

The objective in managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impact of efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse Company systems or information. Cybersecurity helps to maintain an environment that encourages efficiency, innovation, and economic prosperity while promoting safety, security, business confidentiality, and privacy. IT Management is charged with cybersecurity and uses a layered approach to protect systems with ESET and Cylance.

IT Management uses a risk-based framework core consisting of cybersecurity activities, outcomes, and references that provide guidance for developing individual organizational profiles. IT Management is tasked with and shall:

●

Prioritize and scope. Identify organization objectives and priorities and determine the scope of systems and assets that support the selected business line or process.

●

Orient. Identify Information Systems and assets, regulatory requirements, and overall risk approach, identify threats to, and vulnerabilities of, those systems and assets.

●

Risk assessment. Identify the likelihood of a cybersecurity event and the impact on the organization. Consider emerging risks.

●

Target Profile. Create a Target Profile focusing on categories, subcategories, and desired cybersecurity outcomes.

●

Determine, Analyze, and Prioritize Gaps. Compare the Current Profile and the Target Profile to determine gaps and create a prioritized action plan to address those gaps.

●

Implement Action Plan. Determine actions to take and monitor against the Target Profile.

IT Management must also consider how the cybersecurity program might incorporate privacy principles such as:

●

Individual consent to the use of personal information

●

Collecting the minimum amount of personal information

●

Controls over the use and disclosure of personal information

●

Use and retention of personal information related to a cybersecurity incident

●

Transparency for certain cybersecurity activities

●

Accountability and auditing

IT Management ensures that the Company’s risks are properly monitored, managed and mitigated to the extent possible; and oversees the implementation and maintenance of formal strategies that govern information resources.

In addition, the Company has established processes and systems designed to mitigate cyber risk, including regular and on-going education and training for employees, preparedness simulations and tabletop exercises, and recovery and resilience tests. We engage in regular assessments of our infrastructure, software systems, and network architecture, using internal cybersecurity experts and third-party specialists.

The Company also leverages internal and external auditors and independent external partners to periodically review its processes, systems, and controls, including with respect to our information security program, to assess their design and operating effectiveness and make recommendations to strengthen our risk management program. The Chief Operating Officer manages the Company’s IT and cybersecurity environment, which is reviewed at least semi-annually.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

The Company does not own or lease any real property, plant or material physical properties other than the equipment held for lease as set forth in Item 1.

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of conducting business, there may be certain claims, suits, and complaints filed against the Company. In the opinion of management, the outcome of such matters, if any, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. No material legal proceedings are currently pending against the Company or against any of its assets.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

Market Information

There are certain material conditions and restrictions on the transfer of Units imposed by the terms of the Operating Agreement. Consequently, there is no public market for Units and it is not anticipated that a public market for Units will develop. In the absence of a public market for the Units, there is no currently ascertainable fair market value for the Units.

Fund Valuation

Background to Fund Valuation

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), in conjunction with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) updated rules for the presentation of account statement values relative to pricing of Direct Placement Program (“DPP”) shares. Under FINRA Notice 15-02 (the “Notice”) the SEC approved amendments to National Association of Securities Dealers (“NASD”) Rule 2340, Customer Account Statements, and FINRA rule 2310, which address a FINRA member firm’s participation in a public offering of a DPP. In summary, the amendments require a FINRA member firm to include in the account statements for customers holding DPP securities a per share value for the DPP. This per share value must be prepared by, or with the material assistance or confirmation of, a third-party valuation expert or service. The results of this valuation must be disclosed in the issuer’s reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. A valuation in compliance with the Notice must be undertaken and published on at least an annual basis.

The effective date of the Notice was April 11, 2016.

Methodologies

Broker dealers are required to provide a per share estimated value on the customer account statements for each non-listed DPP security held by their customers. Such estimated value must have been developed in a manner reasonably designed to provide a reliable value. Two valuation methodologies have been defined by FINRA, which by such designation are presumed to be reliable.

Net Investment Methodology

The amendments to NASD Rule 2340(c)(1)(A) require “net investment” to be based on the “amount available for investment” percentage disclosed in the “Estimated Use of Proceeds” section of the issuer’s offering prospectus. In essence, such value is equal to the offering price less selling commissions, other offering and organization expenses, and capital reserves. This method may be used for up to 150 days following the second anniversary of a Fund breaking escrow.

Appraised Value Methodology

As amended, Rule NASD 2340(c)(1)(B) requires that the per share estimated value disclosed in an issuer’s most recent periodic or current report be based upon an appraisal of the assets and liabilities of the program by, or with the material assistance or confirmation of, a third-party valuation expert or service, in conformity with standard industry valuation practice as it relates to both the aforementioned assets and liabilities. No later than 150 days following the second anniversary of the issuer’s break of escrow for its minimum offering, this methodology must be used to establish the required estimated values.

Unit Valuation

The per Unit valuation estimate for ATEL 16, LLC has been conducted, and the results disclosed herein, in compliance with the mandates of the Notice.

For ATEL 16, LLC, its estimated value per Unit reflects the Manager’s estimate of current portfolio valuation of all assets and liabilities of the Fund, calculated on a per Unit basis, and as such, does not represent a market value for the Units and may not accurately reflect the value of the Fund Units to the Unit holders if held over time to Fund maturity.

In connection with any estimate of per Unit value, Unit holders and all parties are reminded that no public market for the Units exists. Additionally, in order to preserve the Fund’s pass-through status for federal income tax purposes, the Fund will not permit a secondary market or the substantial equivalent of a secondary market for the Units. In the absence of a public market for the Units, there is no currently ascertainable fair market value for the Units.

The estimate of per Unit value does not take into account any extraordinary potential future business activity of the Fund; rather the valuation represents a snapshot view of the Fund’s portfolio as of the valuation date. In addition, the Fund does not include any analysis of the distributions that have already been paid by the Fund, nor the anticipated returns to Unit holder over the full course of the Fund life cycle, which will be dependent on many factors.

Disclosure

The estimated value per Unit reported in this Form 10-K has been calculated using the “Appraised Value Methodology” described above under “Methodologies” above, as of December 31, 2024.

ATEL 16, LLC, will satisfy the disclosure requirements for providing estimated per Unit values pursuant to the Notice as follows:

For these disclosure, subsequent to the Fund's initial compliance with FINRA 15-02, annual disclosures of estimated per unit values, through the termination of the Fund, will be accomplished and included on an annual basis in a document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission available to the public.

Specifics Underlying Valuation Methodology:

Notes and Explanation of Valuation Components and Calculation

Fund Assets and Liabilities (other than as specifically identified below): The estimated values for non-interest bearing items such as current assets and liabilities are assumed to equal their reported GAAP balances as an appropriate approximation of their fair values. Debt (interest bearing) is assumed to equal the fair values of the debt as disclosed in the footnotes of the financial statements.

Investment in equipment and leases (net of fees and expenses): The estimated values for equipment are based on calculating the present value of the projected future cash flows. Projected future cash flows include both the remaining contractual lease payments, plus assumptions on lease renewals and sale value of the residuals. Projected future cash flows are net of projected future fees and expenses including:

●

management fees applicable for the Fund (1.25% of the aggregate original equipment cost of Portfolio Assets during offering stage, 1.75% of the aggregate net Portfolio Assets during operating stage and 1.75% of the Book Value of the Fund Assets less total cash reported as of the end of the most recent prior fiscal quarter or year, as the case may be)

●

carried interest applicable for the Fund (0.01% of distributions)

●

operating expenses which are assumed to be 3% of original equipment costs for the Fund

Projected future cash flows have been discounted back to present value at discount rates based on like-term U.S. Treasury yields (as of the valuation date) plus a 400 basis point spread, to account for the credit risk differentials between the instrument being valued and U.S. Treasury security yields.

Residual values assumptions used in the cash flow projections are as follows:

For On-Lease and Month-to-Month Lease: Considers realized residual as a percent of book residual of 193.7%, based on ATEL’s historical track record as of December 31, 2024.

For Off-Lease: A current fair market value of off-lease equipment is based upon estimates from ATEL’s seasoned Asset Management Group.

Special Situation Leases: The valuation of certain leases has been performed outside of the above noted protocol based upon specific lease assumptions different than the macro assumptions above, due to the specific situations of those leases.

Investments in Notes Receivable: The estimated values for Investments in Notes Receivable are estimated based upon various methodologies deployed by financial and credit management including, but not limited to, credit analysis, third party appraisal and/or discounted cash flow analysis based upon current market value techniques and market rates for similar types of lending arrangements, which may consider adjustments for impaired loans as deemed necessary.

Investments in Equity Securities: The estimated values for Investments in Equity Securities have been based on the estimated net book value as of the valuation date (with impairment adjustments), plus any unrealized gain on equity. The unrealized gain on equity is based on either: a) the most recent round of financing, b) the most recent 409A valuation provided by the underlying companies of the warrants, or c) the Manager’s estimate of the company valuations based on all available information, including company financials, company valuation reports, public press releases, and other sources.

Warrants Outstanding: The estimated values for Warrants Outstanding considers the reported GAAP balances to be an appropriate approximation of their fair values.

Accrued distributions: Accrued distributions, which are payable to the Unit holders have been removed from the balance sheet liability section because they are not a liability to a third party.

ATEL 16, LLC Unit Valuation

The Manager’s estimated per Unit value of ATEL 16, LLC at December 31, 2024 as determined, and derived under the guidelines of the Appraised Value Methodology, and pursuant to the above specific enumerated component valuation methodologies and calculations, equals $2.22. An independent national public accounting firm with valuation expertise was retained to examine, attest and confirm ATEL 16, LLC’s per Unit valuation and its component methodologies and calculation as it relates to compliance with the regulatory mandate defined in the Notice. In this regard, they examined the components of the valuation methodologies and determined them to be reasonable and within industry standards. Other component attributes, including the bases and related key assumptions of the calculation were tested for their completeness, underlying documentation support and mathematical accuracy. Upon completion of their efforts, their attestation report confirmed that the per unit valuation of ATEL 16, LLC, and the related notes, in all material respects, was based upon industry practice as described in the Manager’s valuation approach.

Disclaimer

The foregoing Fund per Unit valuation has been performed solely for the purpose of providing an estimated value per Unit in accordance with a regulatory mandate, in order to provide the broker dealer and custodian community with a valuation on a reasonable and attested basis for use in assigning an estimation of a Unit holder’s account value. Any report or disclosure of such estimated per Unit valuation is to be accompanied by statements that the value does not represent an estimate of the amount a Unit holder would receive if the Unit holder were to seek to sell the Units, and that the Fund intends to liquidate its assets in the ordinary course of its business and over the Fund’s term. Further, each statement of the Fund’s estimated per Unit valuation is to be accompanied by a disclosure that there can be no assurance as to (1) when the Fund will be fully liquidated, (2) the amount the Fund may actually receive if and when the Fund seeks to liquidate its assets, (3) the amount of lease or loan payments the Fund will actually receive over the remaining term, (4) the amount of asset disposition proceeds the Fund will actually receive over the remaining term, and (5) the amounts that may actually be received in distributions by Unit holders over the course of the remaining term.

Distributions

The Unitholders of record are entitled to certain distributions as provided under the Operating Agreement. The Company commenced periodic distributions beginning with the month of April 2014. Additional distributions have been consistently made through December 31, 2024.

Cash distributions were paid by the Fund to Unitholders of record as of November 30, 2024, and paid through December 31, 2024. Distributions may be characterized for tax, accounting and economic purposes as a return of capital, a return on capital (including escrow interest) or a portion of each. Generally, the portion of each cash distribution by a company which exceeds its net income for the fiscal period would constitute a return of capital. The Fund is required by the terms of its Operating Agreement to distribute the net cash flow generated by its investments in certain minimum amounts during the Reinvestment Period before it can reinvest its operating cash flow in additional portfolio assets. See the discussion in the ATEL 16, LLC Prospectus dated November 5, 2013 (“Prospectus”) under “Income, Losses and Distributions — Reinvestment.” Accordingly, the amount of cash flow from Fund investments distributed to Unitholders will not be available for reinvestment in additional portfolio assets.

Cash distributions were based on current and anticipated gross revenues from the leases and loans acquired. During the Fund’s acquisition and operating stages, the Fund may incur short term borrowing to fund regular distributions of such gross revenues to be generated by newly acquired transactions during their respective initial fixed terms. As such, all Fund periodic cash distributions made during these stages have been, and are expected in the future to be, based on the Fund’s actual and anticipated gross revenues to be generated from the binding initial terms of the leases and loans acquired.

The following table summarizes distribution activity for the Fund from inception through December 31, 2024 (in thousands, except for Units and Per Unit Data):


														Total		Weighted
		Return of				Distribution				Total				Distribution		Average Units
Distribution Period⁽¹⁾	Paid	Capital				of Income				Distribution				per Unit (2)		Outstanding⁽³⁾
Monthly and quarterly distributions
Nov 2013 – Mar 2014 (Distribution of all escrow interest)	Jun 2014	$	—			$	—			$	—				n/a	n/a
Mar 2014 – Nov 2014	Apr 2014 – Dec 2014		453				—				453				0.51	896,524
Dec 2014 – Nov 2015	Jan 2015 – Dec 2015		2,096				—				2,096				0.69	3,044,217
Dec 2015 – Nov 2016	Jan 2016 – Dec 2016		3,016				—				3,016				0.70	4,306,106
Dec 2016 – Nov 2017	Jan 2017 – Dec 2017		3,001				—				3,001				0.70	4,295,644
Dec 2017 – Nov 2018	Jan 2018 – Dec 2018		2,997				—				2,997				0.70	4,276,421
Dec 2018 – Nov 2019	Jan 2019 – Dec 2019		2,992				—				2,992				0.70	4,274,486
Dec 2019 – Nov 2020	Jan 2020 – Dec 2020		2,992				—				2,992				0.70	4,274,486
Dec 2020 – Nov 2021	Jan 2021 – Dec 2021		2,992				—				2,992				0.70	4,274,486
Dec 2021 – Nov 2022	Jan 2022 – Dec 2022		2,992				—				2,992				0.70	4,274,486
Dec 2022 – Nov 2023	Jan 2023 – Dec 2023		2,991				—				2,991				0.70	4,273,518
Dec 2023 – Nov 2024	Jan 2024 – Dec 2024		2,989				—				2,989				0.70	4,270,319

		$	29,511			$	—			$	29,511			$	7.50
Source of distributions
Lease and loan payments and sales proceeds received		$	29,511	100.00	%	$	—	0.00	%	$	29,511	100.00	%
Interest Income			—	0.00	%		—	0.00	%		—	0.00	%
Debt against non-cancellable firm term payments on leases and loans			—	0.00	%		—	0.00	%		—	0.00	%
		$	29,511	100.00	%	$	—	0.00	%	$	29,511	100.00	%

(1)

Investors may elect to receive their distributions either monthly or quarterly. See “Timing and Method of Distributions” on Page 67 of the Prospectus.

(2)

Total distributions per Unit represents the per Unit distributions rate for those units which were outstanding for all of the applicable period.

(3)

Balances shown represent weighted average units for the period from March 6 – November 30, 2014, December 1, 2014 – November 30, 2015, December 31, 2015 – November 30, 2016, December 1, 2016 – November 30, 2017, December 1, 2017 – November 30, 2018, December 1, 2018 – November 30, 2019, December 1, 2019 – November 30, 2020, December 1, 2020 – November 30, 2021, December 1, 2021 – November 30, 2022, December 1, 2022 – November 30, 2023 and December 1, 2023 – November 30, 2024, respectively.

Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

A smaller reporting company is not required to present selected financial data in accordance with item 301(c) of Regulation S-K.

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Statements contained in this Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”) and elsewhere in this Form 10-K, which are not historical facts, may be forward-looking

statements. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. In particular, economic recession and changes in general economic conditions, including fluctuations in demand for equipment, lease rates, and interest rates, may result in delays in investment and reinvestment, delays in leasing, re-leasing, and disposition of equipment, and reduced returns on invested capital. The Company’s performance is subject to risks relating to lessee defaults and the creditworthiness of its lessees. The Company’s performance is also subject to risks relating to the value of its equipment at the end of its leases, which may be affected by the condition of the equipment, technological obsolescence and the markets for new and used equipment at the end of lease terms. Investors are cautioned not to attribute undue certainty to these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-K or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, other than as required by law.

Overview

The Company conducted a public offering of 15,000,000 Limited Liability Company Units (“Units”), at a price of $10 per Unit. As of March 6, 2014, subscriptions for the minimum number of Units (120,000, representing $1.2 million), excluding subscriptions from Pennsylvania investors, had been received and the Fund requested subscription proceeds to be released from escrow. On that date, the Company commenced initial operations and continued in its development stage activities until transitioning to an operating enterprise during the second quarter of 2014. Pennsylvania subscriptions are subject to a separate escrow and are released to the Fund only when aggregate subscriptions for all investors equal to at least $7.5 million. Total contributions to the Fund exceeded $7.5 million on June 19, 2014, at which time a request was processed to release the Pennsylvania escrowed amounts. The offering was terminated on November 5, 2015. As of December 31, 2024, 4,265,386 Units were issued and outstanding.

During 2015, the Company completed its initial acquisition stage with the investment of the net proceeds from the public offering of Units. Subsequently, during the reinvestment period (“Reinvestment Period”) (defined as six full years following the year the offering was terminated), the Company has reinvested and will reinvest cash flow in excess of certain amounts required to be distributed to the members and/or utilized its credit facilities to acquire additional equipment. Throughout the Reinvestment Period which ends December 31, 2021, the Company anticipates continued reinvestment of cash flow in excess of minimum distributions and other obligations. The Company is governed by its Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement (“Operating Agreement”) dated November 1, 2013 as amended.

The Company may continue until terminated as provided in the ATEL 16, LLC Operating Agreement. Periodic distributions are paid at the discretion of the Managing Member.

It is the Company’s objective to maintain a 100% utilization rate for all equipment purchased in any given year. All equipment is acquired subject to binding lease commitments, so equipment utilization is expected to remain high during the funding period and throughout the reinvestment stage. Initial lease terms of these leases are generally from 36 to 120 months, and as they expire, the Company will attempt to re-lease or sell the equipment. All of the Company’s equipment on lease was purchased in the years 2014 through 2021. The utilization percentage of existing assets under lease was 100% at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. The significant increase in utilization percentage was attributable to sales or re-lease of previously held off-lease equipment.

Cost reimbursements to the Managing Member and/or affiliates are based on its costs incurred in performing administrative services for the Company. These costs are allocated to each managed entity based on certain criteria such as total assets, number of investors or contributed capital based upon the type of cost incurred.

Results of Operations

The Company had net income of $162 thousand and a net loss of $61 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Compared to prior year, the results for 2024 reflect a decrease in operating revenues, which was more than offset by a decline in operating expenses and a favorable change in the fair valuation of the Company’s investment securities and warrants.

Revenues

Total operating revenues decreased by $84 thousand, or 4%. Such decrease was attributable to an unfavorable change in net gains and losses on sales of operating lease asset and decreases in both operating lease revenue and other revenue.

The unfavorable change in net gains and losses on sales of operating lease assets totaled $50 thousand and was primarily due to the change in the mix of assets sold. Operating lease revenue declined by $20 thousand due to lease run-off and sales of lease assets, and other revenue decreased by $14 thousand mainly due to a decrease in interest earned on certain cash deposits.

Expenses

Total operating expenses declined by $235 thousand, or 10%, primarily due to reductions in depreciation expense, interest expense and cost reimbursements to the Manager. Such reductions were partially offset by an increase in professional fees.

Depreciation expense decreased by $241 thousand primarily due to portfolio run-off and disposition of lease assets. Such decrease was net of an $83 thousand increase in additional depreciation recorded to reflect year-to-date changes in the estimated residual value of certain equipment generating revenue under month-to-month extensions. Interest expense decreased by $14 thousand due to the scheduled run-off of the Fund’s borrowing under non-recourse debt, while costs reimbursed to the Manager decreased by $12 thousand primarily due to lower allocated costs reflective of the Fund’s declining assets. These decreases in expenses were partially offset by a $35 thousand increase in professional fees mainly resulting from increased legal and audit costs attributable to timing differences in receipt of services and billings.

Other income (loss)

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded other income totaling $31 thousand and other loss of $41 thousand, respectively, to reflect both unrealized and realized gains and losses on the Fund’s investment securities and warrants. Other income recorded during the current year all relates to unrealized gains on the Fund’s warrant positions. In contrast, the prior year other loss primarily reflects $33 thousand of unrealized losses on the Fund’s warrant positions and a $10 thousand loss related to the Fund’s equity securities, both due to adverse changes in prices of the securities underlying such positions.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively. The liquidity of the Company varies, increasing to the extent cash flows from leases and proceeds from asset sales exceed expenses and decrease as lease assets are acquired, as distributions are made to the Members and to the extent expenses exceed cash flows from leases and proceeds from asset sales.

The Company currently believes it has adequate reserves available to meet its immediate cash requirements and those of the next twelve months, but in the event those reserves were found to be inadequate, the Company would likely be in a position to borrow against its current portfolio to meet such requirements. The Managing Member envisions no such requirements for operating purposes.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth summary cash flow data (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	1,169	$	1,191
Investing activities		57		52
Financing activities		(3,300)		(3,345)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(2,074)	$	(2,102)

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s primary source of liquidity were cash flows from its portfolio of operating lease contracts. In addition, during 2024 and 2023, the Company received $57 thousand and $40 thousand, respectively, of proceeds from sales of lease assets. During 2023, the Company received $12 thousand of proceeds from sales of equity securities. There were no such sales in the current year.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash was primarily used to pay distributions and to repay borrowings under non-recourse debt. Distributions paid to Other Members totaled $3.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023; and cash used to repay non-recourse debt totaled $290 thousand and $343 thousand for 2024 and 2023, respectively. In addition, during 2024 and 2023, the Company also repurchased Units at a cost of $21 thousand and $11 thousand, respectively. Cash was also used to pay invoices related to management fees and expenses, and other payables in both years.

Non-Recourse Debt

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had non-recourse long-term debt totaling $480 thousand and $770 thousand, respectively. Such non-recourse notes payable do not contain any material financial covenants. The notes are secured by a specific lien granted by the Company to the non-recourse lenders on (and only on) the discounted lease transactions. The lenders have recourse only to the following collateral: the leased equipment; the related lease chattel paper; the lease receivables; and proceeds of the foregoing items.

Long-Term Debt

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no long-term debt other than described above as non-recourse long-term debt.

Distributions

The Company commenced periodic distributions beginning with the month of April 2014. Additional distributions have been consistently made through December 31, 2024. See Item 5, Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities, for additional information regarding the distributions.

Commitments and Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

Commitments and Contingencies

At December 31, 2024, there were no commitments to purchase lease assets or to fund investments in notes receivable.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

None.

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements attached hereto at pages 13 through 31.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Members

ATEL 16, LLC

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of ATEL 16, LLC (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related statements of operations, changes in members’ capital, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Management of the Company’s Managing Member. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Moss Adams LLP

San Francisco, California

March 19, 2025

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

ATEL 16, LLC

BALANCE SHEETS

DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(In Thousands)


	2024		2023

ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,164	$	3,238
Accounts receivable, net		28		85
Investment in equity securities		48		48
Warrants, fair value		106		75
Investment in equipment and leases, net		4,148		5,234
Prepaid expenses and other assets		2		2
Total assets	$	5,496	$	8,682

LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS’ CAPITAL

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Due to Managing Member and affiliates	$	31	$	39
Accrued distributions to Other Members		288		288
Other		95		88
Non-recourse debt		480		770
Unearned operating lease income		82		129
Total liabilities		976		1,314

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Members’ capital:
Managing Member		—		—
Other Members		4,520		7,368
Total Members’ capital		4,520		7,368
Total liabilities and Members’ capital	$	5,496	$	8,682

See accompanying notes.

ATEL 16, LLC

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(In Thousands Except for Units and Per Unit Data)


	2024		2023
Operating revenues:
Leasing and lending activities:
Operating lease revenue, net	$	2,193	$	2,213
(Loss) gain on sales of operating lease assets		(10)		40
Other revenue		30		44
Total operating revenues		2,213		2,297

Operating expenses:
Depreciation of operating lease assets		1,009		1,250
Asset management fees to Managing Member		305		307
Cost reimbursements to Managing Member and/or affiliates		279		291
Amortization of initial direct costs		10		12
Interest expense		28		42
Professional fees		217		182
Outside services		76		83
Taxes on income and franchise fees		94		93
Other expense		64		57
Total operating expenses		2,082		2,317
Net income (loss) from operations		131		(20)

Other income (loss):
Gain on sale of equity securities		—		2
Unrealized loss on fair value adjustment for equity securities		—		(10)
Unrealized gain (loss) on fair value adjustment for warrants		31		(33)
Total other income (loss)		31		(41)
Net income (loss)	$	162	$	(61)

Net income (loss):
Managing Member	$	—	$	—
Other Members		162		(61)
	$	162	$	(61)

Net income (loss) per Limited Liability Company Unit - Other Members	$	0.04	$	(0.01)
Weighted average number of Units outstanding		4,270,319		4,273,518

See accompanying notes.

ATEL 16, LLC

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN MEMBERS’ CAPITAL

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(In Thousands Except for Units and Per Unit Data)




	Year Ended December 31, 2024
		Amount
		Other		Managing
	Units	Members		Member		Total
Balance December 31, 2022	4,274,486	$	10,431	$	—	$	10,431
Repurchase of Units	(2,830)		(11)		—		(11)
Distributions to Other Members ($0.70 per Unit)	—		(2,991)		—		(2,991)
Net loss	—		(61)		—		(61)
Balance December 31, 2023	4,271,656		7,368		—		7,368
Repurchase of Units	(6,270)		(21)		—		(21)
Distributions to Other Members ($0.70 per Unit)	—		(2,989)		—		(2,989)
Net income	—		162		—		162
Balance December 31, 2024	4,265,386	$	4,520	$	—	$	4,520

See accompanying notes.

ATEL 16, LLC

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(In Thousands)


	2024		2023
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	162	$	(61)
Adjustment to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities:
Loss (gain) on sales of operating lease assets		10		(40)
Depreciation of operating lease assets		1,009		1,250
Amortization of initial direct costs		10		12
Reversal of provision for doubtful accounts		(1)		(7)
Gain on sales of equity securities		—		(2)
Unrealized loss on fair value adjustment for equity securities		—		10
Unrealized (gain) loss on fair value adjustment for warrants		(31)		33
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		58		49
Prepaid expenses and other assets		—		5
Due to/from Managing Members and affiliates		(8)		(18)
Accounts payable, other		7		(4)
Unearned operating lease income		(47)		(36)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,169		1,191

Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of lease assets		57		40
Proceeds from sales of equity securities		—		12
Net cash provided by investing activities		57		52

Financing activities:
Repayments under non-recourse debt		(290)		(343)
Distributions to Other Members		(2,989)		(2,991)
Repurchases of Units		(21)		(11)
Net cash used in financing activities		(3,300)		(3,345)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(2,074)		(2,102)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		3,238		5,340
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	1,164	$	3,238

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid during year for interest	$	28	$	43
Cash paid during year for taxes	$	96	$	87

Schedule of non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Distributions payable to Other Members at year-end	$	288	$	288

See accompanying notes.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Limited Liability Company matters:

ATEL 16, LLC (the “Company” or the “Fund”) was formed under the laws of the state of California on December 27, 2012 (“Date of Inception”) for the purpose of equipment financing and acquiring equipment to engage in equipment leasing and sales activities. The Managing Member of the Company is ATEL Managing Member, LLC (the “Managing Member” or “Manager”), a Nevada limited liability company. The Managing Member is controlled by ATEL Financial Services, LLC (“AFS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ATEL Capital Group. The Fund may continue until terminated as provided in the ATEL 16, LLC Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement dated March 1, 2013 (the “Operating Agreement”). Contributions in the amount of $500 were received as of December 31, 2012, which represented the initial member’s capital investment. As a limited liability company, the liability of any individual member for the obligations of the Fund is limited to the extent of capital contributions to the Fund by the individual member.

The Company’s principal objectives are to invest in a diversified portfolio of investments that will (i) preserve, protect and return the Company’s invested capital; (ii) generate regular cash distributions to Unit holders during the Offering Stage and Operating Stage of the Fund, any balance remaining after required minimum distributions, equal to not less than 7% nor more than 9% per annum on investors’ Original Invested Capital, during the Operating Stage, to be used to purchase additional investments during the Reinvestment Period (the first six years after the year the offering terminates); and (iii) provide additional cash distributions during the Liquidating Stage, commencing with the end of the Operating Stage/Reinvestment Period and continuing until all investment portfolio assets have been sold or otherwise disposed. The Company is governed by the Operating Agreement. On January 1, 2022, the Company commenced liquidation phase activities pursuant to the guidelines of the Operating Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Operating Agreement, the Managing Member and/or its affiliates receives compensation for services rendered and reimbursements for costs incurred on behalf of the Company (See Note 6, Related party transactions). The Company is required to maintain reasonable cash reserves for working capital, the repurchase of Units and contingencies. The repurchase of Units is solely at the discretion of the Managing Member.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies:

Basis of presentation:

The accompanying balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related statements of operations, changes in members’ capital, and cash flows for the years then ended, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no significant effect on the reported financial position or results from operations.

Footnote and tabular amounts are presented in thousands, except as to Units and per Unit data.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In preparing the accompanying financial statements, the Company has reviewed, as determined necessary by the Managing Member, events that have occurred after December 31, 2024, up until the issuance of the financial statements. No events were noted which would require additional disclosure in the footnotes to the financial statements.

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and cash equivalent investments such as U.S. Treasury instruments with original and/or purchased maturities of ninety days or less.

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from the estimates. Such estimates primarily relate to the determination of residual values at the end of the lease term and expected future cash flows used for impairment analysis purposes and for determination of the allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable.

Accounts receivable:

Accounts receivable represent the amounts billed under operating lease contracts and notes receivable which are currently due to the Company. Allowances for doubtful accounts are typically established based on historical charge off and collection experience and the collectability of specifically identified lessees and borrowers, and invoiced amounts. Accounts receivable deemed uncollectible are generally charged off against the allowance on a specific identification basis. Recoveries of amounts that were previously written-off are recorded as other income in the period received.

Credit risk:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk include cash and cash equivalents, operating lease receivables, notes receivable and accounts receivable. The Company places the majority of its cash deposits in noninterest-bearing accounts with financial institutions that have no less than $10 billion in assets. Such deposits are insured up to $250 thousand. The remainder of the Fund’s cash is temporarily invested in U.S. Treasury denominated instruments. The concentration of such deposits and temporary cash investments is not deemed to create a significant risk to the Company. Accounts and notes receivable represent amounts due from lessees or borrowers in various industries related to equipment on operating lease contracts and notes receivable.

Equipment on operating leases and related revenue recognition:

Equipment subject to operating leases is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line method over the terms of the related leases to the equipment’s estimated residual values. Off-lease equipment is generally not subject to depreciation. The Company depreciates all lease assets, in accordance with guidelines consistent with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10-35-3, over the periods of the lease terms contained in each asset’s respective lease contract to the estimated residual value at the end of the lease contract. All lease assets are purchased only concurrent with the execution of a lease commitment by the lessee. Thus, the original depreciation period corresponds with the term of the original lease. Once the term of an original lease contract is completed, the subject property is typically sold to the existing user, re-leased to the existing user, or, when off-lease, is held for sale. Assets which are re-leased continue to be depreciated using the terms of the new lease agreements and the estimated residual values at the end of the new lease terms, adjusted downward as necessary. Assets classified as held-for-sale are carried at the lower of carrying amount, or the fair value less cost to sell.

The Company does not use the equipment held in its portfolio but holds it solely for lease and ultimate sale. In the course of marketing equipment that has come off-lease, management may determine at some point that re-leasing the assets may provide a superior return for investors and would then execute another lease. Upon entering into a new lease contract, management will estimate the residual value once again and resume depreciation. If, and when, the Company, at any time, determines that depreciation in value may have occurred with respect to an asset held-for-sale, the Company would review the value to determine whether a material reduction in value had occurred and recognize any appropriate

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

impairment. All lease assets, including off-lease assets, are subject to the Company’s quarterly impairment analysis, as described below. Maintenance costs associated with the Fund’s portfolio of leased assets are expensed as incurred. Major additions and betterments are capitalized.

Operating lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying leases. The initial lease terms will vary as to the type of equipment subject to the leases, the needs of the lessees and the terms to be negotiated, but initial leases are generally on terms from 36 to 120 months. The difference between rent received and rental revenue recognized is recorded as unearned operating lease income on the balance sheet.

Operating leases are generally placed in a non-accrual status (i.e., no revenue is recognized) when payments are more than 90 days past due. Additionally, management considers the equipment underlying the lease contracts for impairment and periodically reviews the credit worthiness of all operating lessees with payments outstanding less than 90 days. Based upon management’s judgment, the related operating leases may be placed on non-accrual status. Leases placed on non-accrual status are only returned to an accrual status when the account has been brought current and management believes recovery of the remaining unpaid lease payments is probable. Until such time, revenues are recognized on a cash basis. Provisions for credit losses relating to operating leases are included in lease income in the Company’s financial statements.

Notes receivable, unearned interest income and related revenue recognition:

The Company records all future payments of principal and interest on notes as notes receivable, which are then offset by the amount of any related unearned interest income. For financial statement purposes, the Company reports only the net amount of principal due on the balance sheet. The unearned interest is recognized over the term of the note and the income portion of each note payment is calculated so as to generate a constant rate of return on the net balance outstanding. Any fees or costs related to notes receivable are recorded as part of the net investment in notes receivable and amortized over the term of the loan.

Allowances for losses on notes receivable are typically established based on historical charge off and collection experience and the collectability of specifically identified borrowers and billed and unbilled receivables. Notes are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and/or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the note agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. If it is determined that a loan is impaired with regard to scheduled payments, the Company will perform an analysis of the note to determine if an impairment valuation reserve is necessary. This analysis considers the estimated cash flows from the note, or the collateral value of the property underlying the note when note repayment is collateral dependent. Any required valuation reserve is charged to earnings when determined; and notes are charged off to the allowance as they are deemed uncollectible.

Notes receivable are generally placed in a non-accrual status (i.e., no revenue is recognized) when payments are more than 90 days past due. Additionally, management periodically reviews the creditworthiness of companies with note payments outstanding less than 90 days. Based upon management’s judgment, the related notes may be placed on non-accrual status. Notes placed on non-accrual status are only returned to an accrual status when the account has been brought current and management believes recovery of the remaining unpaid receivable is probable. Until such time, all payments received are applied only against outstanding principal balances.

Initial direct costs:

Incremental costs of a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained are capitalized and amortized over the lease term. All other costs associated with the execution of the Company’s leases are expensed as incurred.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Acquisition expense:

Acquisition expense represents costs which include, but are not limited to, legal fees and expenses, travel and communication expenses, cost of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses and miscellaneous expenses related to the selection and acquisition of equipment which are reimbursable to the Managing Member under the terms of the Operating Agreement. As the costs are not eligible for capitalization as initial direct costs, such amounts are expensed as incurred.

Asset valuation:

Recorded values of the Company’s leased asset portfolio are reviewed each quarter to confirm the reasonableness of established residual values and to determine whether there is indication that an asset impairment might have taken place. The Company uses a variety of sources and considers many factors in evaluating whether the respective book values of its assets are appropriate. In addition, the Company may direct a residual value review at any time if it becomes aware of issues regarding the ability of a lessee to continue to make payments on its lease contract. An impairment loss is measured and recognized only if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset are less than the net book value. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows are the sum of the residual value of the asset at the end of the asset’s lease contract and undiscounted future rents from the existing lease contract. The residual value assumes, among other things, that the asset is utilized normally in an open, unrestricted and stable market. Short-term fluctuations in the marketplace are disregarded and it is assumed that there is no necessity either to dispose of a significant number of the assets, if held in quantity, simultaneously or to dispose of the asset quickly. Impairment is measured as the difference between the fair value (as determined by a valuation method using discounted estimated future cash flows, third party appraisals or comparable sales of similar assets as applicable based on asset type) of the asset and its carrying value on the measurement date. Upward adjustments for impairments recognized in prior periods are not made in any circumstances.

Segment reporting:

The Company is organized into one operating segment for the purpose of making operating decisions or assessing performance. Accordingly, the Company operates in one reportable operating segment in the United States.

The Company’s chief operating decision makers (“CODM”) are the Managing Member’s Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. The CODM are presented with the Fund’s financial statements and equipment leasing transaction portfolio in order to evaluate revenues and expenses, and assess the Fund’s overall return. The Company believes that its equipment leasing business operates as one reportable segment because: a) the Company measures profit and loss at the equipment portfolio level as a whole; b) the CODM do not review information based on any operating segment other than the equipment leasing transaction portfolio; c) the Company does not maintain discrete financial information on any specific segment other than its equipment financing operations; d) the Company has not chosen to organize its business around different products and services other than equipment lease financing; and e) the Company has not chosen to organize its business around geographic areas.

The primary geographic region in which the Company seeks leasing opportunities is North America. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of the Company’s current operating revenues and long-lived assets related to customers domiciled in the United States.

Investment in securities:

From time to time, the Company may receive the right to purchase equity securities of its borrowers or receive warrants in connection with its lending arrangements.

Investment in equity securities

The Company’s equity securities registered for public sale with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value with any changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s results of operations. The Company’s equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, and adjusted for changes in observable prices. Factors considered by the Managing Member in determining fair value include, but are not limited to, available financial information, the issuer’s ability to meet its current obligations and indications of the issuer’s subsequent ability to raise capital. The Company had $48 thousand of

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

investment securities at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Such amounts included investment securities which do not have readily available fair values totaling $47 thousand at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. During 2024, unrealized gains and losses on securities with readily determinable fair values were deemed de minimis. During 2023, the Company recorded $10 thousand of unrealized losses on such securities. There were no fair value adjustments on securities that do not have readily determinable values during 2024 and 2023, and on a cumulative basis. There were no impairment losses on securities during 2024 and 2023. Securities with an approximate value of $10 thousand were sold during 2023. There was no such sale during the current year.

Warrants

Warrants owned by the Company are not registered for public sale, but are considered derivatives and are reflected at an estimated fair value on the balance sheet as determined by the Managing Member. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company’s portfolio of warrants was $106 thousand and $75 thousand, respectively. The Company recorded unrealized gains of $31 thousand on the fair valuation of it’s warrants during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to unrealized losses of $33 thousand during the prior year. There were no net exercises of warrants during 2024 and 2023.

Unearned operating lease income:

The Company records prepayments on operating leases as a liability under the caption of unearned operating lease income. The liability is recorded when prepayments are received and recognized as operating lease revenue over the period to which the prepayments relate using a straight-line method.

Income Taxes:

The Company is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 701 of the Internal Revenue Code, a partnership is not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly, the Company has provided current franchise income taxes for only those states which levy income taxes on partnerships. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related provision for state income taxes was approximately $94 thousand and $93 thousand, respectively. The Company does not have any entity level uncertain tax positions. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions and is generally subject to examination by U.S. federal (or state and local) income tax authorities for three years from the filing of a tax return.

The tax bases of the Company’s net assets and liabilities vary from the amounts presented in these financial statements at December 31, 2024 and 2023 as follows (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Financial statement basis of net assets	$	4,520	$	7,368
Tax basis of net assets (unaudited)		8,853		11,675
Difference	$	(4,333)	$	(4,307)

The primary differences between the tax bases of net assets and the amounts recorded in the financial statements are the result of differences in accounting for syndication costs and differences between the depreciation methods used in the financial statements and the Company’s tax returns.

The following reconciles the net income reported in these financial statements to the income reported on the Company’s federal tax return (unaudited) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Net income (loss) per financial statements	$	162	$	(61)
Tax adjustments (unaudited):
Adjustment to depreciation expense		82		225
Provision for losses and doubtful accounts		(1)		(7)
Adjustments to revenues		(79)		(56)
Adjustments to gain on sales of assets		20		—
Other		86		14
Income per federal tax return (unaudited)	$	270	$	115

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Per Unit data:

Net income (loss) and distributions per Unit are based upon the weighted average number of Other Members Units outstanding during the year.

Recent accounting pronouncements:

In October 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements –Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative, which incorporates into the ASC certain incremental disclosure requirements introduced by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as part of its disclosure update and simplification initiative. The amendments in this update are intended to clarify or improve presentation and disclosure requirements around a variety of ASC Topics, improve entity comparability for users, and align ASC requirements with SEC regulations. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the ASC and not become effective. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect the issuance of this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures – to enhance disclosures about significant segment expenses for public entities reporting segment information. It requires that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant expense categories for each reportable segment. Significant expense categories are derived from expenses that are 1) regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”), and 2) included in a segment’s reported measure of profit or loss. The disclosures should include an amount for “other segment items”, reflecting the difference between 1) segment revenue less significant segment expenses, and 2) the reportable segment’s profit or loss measures. It requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measure of profit or loss to assess segment performance and to allocate resources. Further it clarifies that entities with a single reportable segment must disclose both new and existing segment reporting requirements. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company has evaluated the disclosure requirements of this update and have presented these enhancements in Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies, Segment reporting.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which include improvements to income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. This ASU also includes certain other amendments to better align disclosures with Regulation S-X and to remove disclosures no longer considered cost beneficial or relevant. This ASU is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with earlier or retrospective application permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be

applied prospectively for annual financial statements not yet issued or made available for issuance. The Company is evaluating the future impact of the issuance of this ASU on its financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure in the notes to financial statements about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented on the face of the statement of operations. The requirements of the ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The requirements will be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact related to the adoption of ASU 2024-03 on its financial statement disclosures.

3. Concentration of credit risk and major customers:

The Company leases equipment to leases and provides debt financing to borrowers in diversified industries. Leases and notes receivable are subject to the Managing Member’s credit committee review. The leases and notes receivable provide for the return of the equipment to the Company upon default.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were concentrations (greater than or equal to 10% as a percentage of total equipment cost) of equipment leased to lessees and/or financed for borrowers in certain industries as follows:


	Percentage of
	Total Equipment Cost
Industry	2024		2023
Utilities	29	%	29	%
Transportation, air	21	%	21	%
Transportation, rail	19	%	19	%
Transportation, water	13	%	13	%
Construction	11	%	11	%

During 2024 and 2023, certain lessees and/or financial borrowers generated significant portion (defined as greater than or equal to 10%) of the Company’s total leasing and lending revenues, excluding gains or losses on disposition of assets, as follows:


		Percentage of Total
		Leasing and Lending
		Revenues
Lessee	Type of Equipment	2024		2023
AEP Generating Company	Facility - Other	29	%	28	%
Union Pacific Railroad Company	Railroad	17	%	17	%
Signature Flight Support Corporation	Aviation	15	%	15	%
Mosaic Fertilizer, LLC	Chemical	11	%	11	%

These percentages are not expected to be comparable in future periods due to anticipated changes in the mix of investments and/or lessees as a result of normal business activities.

4. Investment in equipment and leases, net:

The Company’s investment in equipment and leases, net consists of the following (in thousands):


	Balance		Additions/		Depreciation/		Balance
	December 31,		Dispositions/		Amortization		December 31,
	2023		Reclassifications		Expense		2024
Equipment under operating leases, net	$	5,211	$	(67)	$	(1,009)	$	4,135
Initial direct costs, net		23		—		(10)		13
Total	$	5,234	$	(67)	$	(1,019)	$	4,148

The Company utilizes a straight-line depreciation method over the term of the equipment lease for equipment under operating leases currently in its portfolio. Depreciation expense on the Company’s equipment totaled $1.0 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Total depreciation for 2024 and 2023 include $102 thousand and $19 thousand of additional depreciation recorded to reflect year-to-date changes in estimated residual values of certain equipment generating revenue under month-to-month extensions. The estimated residual values of equipment associated with leases on month-to-month extensions are evaluated at least semi-annually, and depreciation recorded for the change in estimated reduction in value. There were no purchases of equipment in 2024 and 2023. In addition, there were no impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

IDC amortization expense related to the Company’s operating leases totaled $10 thousand and $12 thousand for 2024 and 2023, respectively.

All of the Company’s lease asset purchases and capital improvements were made during the years from 2014 through 2021.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Operating leases:

Property under operating leases consists of the following (in thousands):


	Balance						Balance
	December 31,				Reclassifications/		December 31,
	2023		Additions		Dispositions		2024
Coal terminal	$	5,000	$	—	$	—	$	5,000
Aviation		3,858		—		—		3,858
Railroad		3,334		—		—		3,334
Marine vessel		2,291		—		—		2,291
Construction		1,902		—		—		1,902
Materials handling		825		—		(183)		642
Trucks and trailers		86		—		—		86
Other		204		—		(71)		133
		17,500		—		(254)		17,246
Less accumulated depreciation		(12,289)		(1,009)		187		(13,111)
Total	$	5,211	$	(1,009)	$	(67)	$	4,135

The average estimated residual value for assets on operating leases was 19% and 20% of the assets’ original cost at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no operating leases in non-accrual status at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

At December 31, 2024, the aggregate amounts of future minimum lease payments receivable are as follows (in thousands):


	Operating
	Leases
Year ending December 31, 2025	$	834
2026		747
2027		676
2028		480
2029		359
2030		345
	$	3,441

The useful lives for each category of leases are reviewed at a minimum of once per quarter. As of December 31, 2024, the respective useful lives of each category of lease assets in the Company’s portfolio are as follows (in years):


Equipment category		Useful Life
Coal terminal		50 - 60
Railroad		35 - 50
Marine vessel		20 - 30
Aviation		20 - 30
Construction		7 - 10
Materials handling		7 - 10
Trucks and trailers		7 - 10
Other		7 - 10

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. Allowance for doubtful accounts:

The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows (in thousands):


	Allowance for
	Doubtful
	Accounts
	Operating
	Leases
Balance December 31, 2022	$	8
Reversal of provision for doubtful accounts		(7)
Balance December 31, 2023	$	1

Balance December 31, 2023	$	1
Reversal of provision for doubtful accounts		(1)
Balance December 31, 2024	$	—

6. Related party transactions:

The terms of the Operating Agreement provide that the Managing Member and/or affiliates are entitled to receive certain fees for equipment management and resale and for management of the Company.

The Operating Agreement allows for the reimbursement of costs incurred by the Managing Member and/or affiliates for providing administrative services to the Company. Administrative services provided include Company accounting, investor relations, legal counsel and lease and equipment documentation. The Managing Member is not reimbursed for services whereby it is entitled to receive a separate fee as compensation for such services, such as management of investments.

Each of AFS and ATEL Leasing Corporation (“ALC”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ATEL Capital Group and performs services for the Company on behalf of the Managing Member. Acquisition services, equipment management, lease administration and asset disposition services are performed by ALC; investor relations, communications and general administrative services are performed by AFS.

Cost reimbursements to the Managing Member or its affiliates are based on its costs incurred in performing administrative services for the Company. These costs are allocated to each managed entity based on certain criteria such as total assets, number of investors or contributed capital based upon the type of cost incurred. The Managing Member believes that the costs reimbursed are the lower of (i) actual costs incurred on behalf of the Company or (ii) the amount the Company would be required to pay independent parties for comparable administrative services in the same geographic location.

Pursuant to the Operating Agreement, the Managing Member and/or affiliates earned fees and billed for reimbursements during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 as follows (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Administrative costs reimbursed to Managing Member and/or affiliates	$	279	$	291
Asset management fees to Managing Member		305		307
	$	584	$	598

The Fund’s Operating Agreement places an annual and cumulative limit for cost reimbursements to AFS and/or its affiliates. Any reimbursable costs incurred by AFS and/or affiliates during the year exceeding the annual and/or cumulative limits cannot be reimbursed in the current year, though such costs may be reimbursable in future years to the extent such amounts may be payable if within the annual and cumulative limits in such future years. The Fund is a finite life and self-liquidating entity, and AFS and its affiliates have no recourse against the Fund for the amount of any unpaid excess reimbursable administrative expenses. The Fund will continue to require administrative services from AFS and its affiliates through the end of its term, and will therefore continue to incur reimbursable administrative expenses in each year. The Fund has determined that payment of any amounts in excess of the annual and cumulative limits is not probable, and the date any portion of such amount may be paid, if ever, is uncertain. When the Fund completes its liquidation stage and terminates, any unpaid amount will expire unpaid, with no claim by AFS or its affiliates against

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

any liquidation proceeds or any party for the unpaid balance. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not exceeded the annual and/or cumulative limitations discussed above.

7. Non-recourse debt:

At December 31, 2024, non-recourse debt consists of notes payable to financial institutions. The notes are due in monthly installments. Interest on the notes is at fixed rates ranging from 4.65% to 4.71% per annum. The notes are secured by assignments of lease payments and pledges of assets. At December 31, 2024, gross operating lease rentals totaled approximately $519 thousand over the remaining lease terms; and the carrying value of the pledged assets is $830 thousand. The notes mature at various dates from 2025 to 2028.

The non-recourse debt does not contain any material financial covenants. The debt is secured by a specific lien granted by the Company to the non-recourse lender on (and only on) the discounted lease transactions. The lender has recourse only to the following collateral: the leased equipment; the related lease chattel paper; the lease receivables; and proceeds of the foregoing items. The non-recourse obligation is payable solely out of the respective specific security and the Company does not guarantee (nor is the Company otherwise contractually responsible for) the payment of the non-recourse debt as a general obligation or liability of the Company. Although the Company does not have any direct or general liability in connection with the non-recourse debt apart from the security granted, the Company is directly and generally liable and responsible for certain representations, warranties, and covenants made to the lender, such as warranties as to genuineness of the transaction parties’ signatures, as to the genuineness of the respective lease chattel paper or the transaction as a whole, or as to the Company’s good title to or perfected interest in the secured collateral, as well as similar representations, warranties and covenants typically provided by non-recourse borrowers and customary in the equipment finance industry, and are viewed by such industry as being consistent with non-recourse discount financing obligations. Accordingly, as there are no financial covenants or ratios imposed on the Company in connection with the non-recourse debt, the Company has determined that there are no material covenants with respect to the non-recourse debt that warrant footnote disclosure.

Future minimum payments of non-recourse debt are as follows (in thousands):


	Principal		Interest		Total
Year ending December 31, 2025	$	159		19		178
2026		138		12		150
2027		96		6		102
2028		87		2		89
	$	480	$	39	$	519

8. Commitments and contingencies:

At December 31, 2024, there were no commitments to purchase lease assets.

The Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown. However, the Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.

The Managing Member knows of no facts or circumstances that would make the Company’s contractual commitments outside standard mutual covenants applicable to commercial transactions between businesses. Accordingly, the Company believes that these indemnification obligations are made in the ordinary course of business as part of standard commercial and industry practice, and that any potential liability under the Company’s similar commitments is remote. Should any such indemnification obligation become payable, the Company would separately record and/or disclose such liability in accordance with GAAP.

9. Members’ capital:

A total of 4,265,386 Units and 4,271,656 Units were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, inclusive of the 50 Units issued to the initial Member (Managing Member). The Fund was authorized to issue up to 15,000,000 Units in addition to the Units issued to the initial Member.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company has the right, exercisable at the Managing Member’s discretion, but not the obligation, to repurchase Units of a Unitholder who ceases to be a U.S. Citizen, for a price equal to 100% of the holder’s capital account. The Company is otherwise permitted, but not required, to repurchase Units upon a holder’s request. The repurchase of Fund units is made in accordance with Section 13 of the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement. The repurchase would be at the discretion of the Managing Member on terms it determines to be appropriate under given circumstances, in the event that the Managing Member deems such repurchase to be in the best interest of the Company; provided, the Company is never required to repurchase any Units. Upon the repurchase of any Units by the Fund, the tendered Units are cancelled. Units repurchased in prior periods were repurchased at amounts representing the original investment less cumulative distributions made to the Unitholder with respect to the Units. All Units repurchased during a quarter are deemed to be repurchased effective the last day of the preceding quarter, and are not deemed to be outstanding during, or entitled to allocations of net income, net loss or distributions for the quarter in which such repurchase occurs.

The Fund’s net income or net losses are to be allocated 100% to the members. From the commencement of the Fund until the initial closing date, net income and net loss were allocated 99% to the Managing Member and 1% to the initial members. Commencing with the initial closing date, net income and net loss are to be allocated 99.9% to the Other Members and 0.01% to the Managing Member.

Fund distributions are to be allocated 0.01% to the Managing Member and 99.99% to the Other Members. The Company commenced periodic distributions in the second quarter of 2014.

Distributions to the Other Members for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands except Units and per Unit data):


	2024		2023
Distributions	$	2,989	$	2,991
Weighted average number of Units outstanding		4,270,319		4,273,518
Weighted average distributions per Unit	$	0.70	$	0.70

10. Fair value measurements:

Under applicable accounting standards, fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

Fair value measurements and disclosures are based on a fair value hierarchy as determined by significant inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs within the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis, generally on a national exchange.

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in the market.

Level 3 — Valuation is modeled using significant inputs that are unobservable in the market. These unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company’s valuation policy is determined by members of the Asset Management, Credit and Accounting departments. Whenever possible, the policy is to obtain quoted market prices in active markets to estimate fair values for recognition and disclosure purposes. Where quoted market prices in active markets are not available, fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, broker quotes, information from third party remarketing agents, third party appraisals of collateral and/or other valuation techniques. These techniques are significantly affected by certain of the Company’s assumptions, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows. Potential taxes and other transaction costs are not considered in estimating fair values. As the Company is responsible for determining fair value, an analysis is performed on prices obtained from third parties. Such analysis is performed by asset management and credit department personnel who are familiar with the Company’s investments in equipment, notes receivable and equity securities of venture companies. The analysis may include a periodic review of price fluctuations and validation of numbers obtained from a specific third party by reference to multiple representative sources.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s warrants and investment in equity securities were measured on a recurring basis. There were no assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Such fair value adjustments utilized the following methodology:

Warrants (recurring)

Warrants owned by the Company are not registered for public sale, but are considered derivatives and are carried on the balance sheet at an estimated fair value at the end of the period. The valuation of the warrants was determined using a Black-Scholes formulation of value based upon the stock price(s), the exercise price(s), the volatility of comparable venture companies, time to maturity, and a risk free interest rate for the term(s) of the warrant exercise(s). At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the calculated fair value of the Fund’s warrant portfolio was $106 thousand and $75 thousand, respectively. Such valuations are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

The fair value of the warrants that were accounted for on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and classified as Level 3 are as follows (in thousands):


	2024		2023
Fair value of warrants at beginning of year	$	75	$	108
Unrealized gain (loss) on fair value adjustment for warrants		31		(33)
Fair value of warrants at end of year	$	106	$	75

Investment in equity securities (recurring)

The Company’s investment securities registered for public sale with readily determinable values are measured at fair value with any changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s results of operations. The fair value of securities was $1 thousand at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Such valuations are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. For the year ended December 31, 2024, unrealized gains and losses were deemed de minimis. Unrealized losses of $10 thousand were recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company realized $2 thousand of gains from sales of equity securities during 2023. There were no such sales during 2024.

Under the Fair Value Measurements Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, the fair value of impaired lease assets were classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy as the data sources utilized for the valuation of such assets reflect significant inputs that are unobservable in the market. Such valuation utilizes a market approach technique and uses inputs that reflect the sales price of similar assets sold by affiliates and/or information from third party remarketing agents not readily available in the market.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables summarize the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used for the Company’s recurring and non-recurring fair value calculation/adjustments categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2024 and 2023:


December 31, 2024
	Valuation	Valuation	Unobservable	Range of Input Values
Name	Frequency	Technique	Inputs	(Weighted Average)
Warrants	Recurring	Black-Scholes formulation	Stock price	$0.01 - $14.14 ($0.09)
			Exercise price	$0.02 - $9.00 ($0.09)
			Time to maturity (in years)	0.65 - 6.94 (3.02)
			Annualized volatility	40.56% - 73.00% (72.46%)


December 31, 2023
	Valuation	Valuation	Unobservable	Range of Input Values
Name	Frequency	Technique	Inputs	(Weighted Average)
Warrants	Recurring	Black-Scholes formulation	Stock price	$0.01 - $9.34 ($0.08)
			Exercise price	$0.02 - $9.00 ($0.09)
			Time to maturity (in years)	0.35 - 7.94 (4.06)
			Annualized volatility	31.90% - 83.00% (43.19%)

The following disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments is made in accordance with the guidance provided by the Financial Instruments Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Fair value estimates, methods and assumptions, set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments, are made solely to comply with the requirements of the Financial Instruments Topic and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and related notes.

The Company determines the estimated fair value amounts by using market information and valuation methodologies that it considers appropriate and consistent with the fair value accounting guidance. Considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Cash and cash equivalents

The recorded amounts of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value because of the liquidity and short-term maturity of these instruments.

Notes receivable

The fair value of the Company’s notes receivable is generally estimated based upon various methodologies deployed by financial and credit management including, but not limited to, credit analysis, third party appraisal and/or discounted cash flow analysis based upon current market valuation techniques and market rates for similar types of lending arrangements, which may consider adjustments for impaired loans as deemed necessary.

Non-recourse debt

The fair value of the Company’s non-recourse debt is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based upon current market borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Commitments and Contingencies

Management has determined that no recognition for the fair value of the Company’s loan commitments is necessary because their terms are made on a market rate basis and require borrowers to be in compliance with the Company’s credit requirements at the time of funding.

The fair value of contingent liabilities (or guarantees) is not considered material because management believes there has been no event that has occurred wherein a guaranteed liability has been incurred or will likely be incurred.

ATEL 16, LLC
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments in accordance with the guidance provided by the Financial Instruments Topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification at December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024
	Carrying
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,164	$	1,164	$	—	$	—	$	1,164
Investment in equity securities		1		—		—		1		1
Warrants, fair value		106		—		—		106		106
Financial liabilities:
Non-recourse debt		480		—		—		466		466


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Carrying
	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,238	$	3,238	$	—	$	—	$	3,238
Investment in equity securities		1		—		—		1		1
Warrants, fair value		75		—		—		75		75
Financial liabilities:
Non-recourse debt		770		—		—		750		750

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

The Company’s Managing Member’s Chief Executive Officer, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Operating Officer (“Management”), evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial and Operating Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

The Company does not control the financial reporting process, and is solely dependent on the Management of the Managing Member, who is responsible for providing the Company with financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The Managing Member’s disclosure controls and procedures, as they are applicable to the Company, means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Management of the Managing Member is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) for the Company, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. The internal control process of the Managing Member, as it is applicable to the Company, was designed to provide reasonable assurance to Management regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements, and includes those policies and procedures that:

(1)

Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, and that the Company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of the Management of the Managing Member; and

(2)

Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

All internal control processes, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those processes determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the reliability of financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management of the Managing Member assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting, as it is applicable to the Company, as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, it used the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on its assessment, Management of the Managing Member concluded that the Managing Member’s internal control over financial reporting, as it is applicable to the Company, was effective as of December 31, 2024.

This annual report does not include an audit report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s internal control over financial reporting was not subject to audit by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 989G of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which exempts non-accelerated filers from Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Changes in internal control

There were no changes in the Managing Member’s internal control over financial reporting, as it is applicable to the Company, during the year ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Managing Member’s internal control over financial reporting, as it is applicable to the Company.

Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS; COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

The registrant is a Limited Liability Company and has no officers or directors.

ATEL Managing Member, LLC (the “Managing Member” or “Manager”) is the Company’s Managing Member. The Managing Member is controlled by ATEL Financial Services, LLC (“AFS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ATEL Capital Group (“ACG” or “ATEL”). The outstanding voting capital stock of ATEL is owned 100% by Dean L. Cash.

Each of AFS and ATEL Leasing Corporation (“ALC”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ACG and performs services for the Company on behalf of the Managing Member. Acquisition services, equipment management, lease administration and asset disposition services are performed by ALC; investor relations and communications services, and general administrative services are performed by AFS. ATEL Securities Corporation (“ASC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of AFS, performs distribution services in connection with the Company’s public offering of its Units.

The officers and directors of ATEL and its affiliates are as follows:


Dean L. Cash	Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)

Paritosh K. Choksi	Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)

Dean L. Cash, age 74, became chairman, president and chief executive officer of ATEL in April 2001. Mr. Cash joined ATEL as director of marketing in 1980 and served as a vice president since 1981, executive vice president since 1983 and a director since 1984. Prior to joining ATEL, Mr. Cash was a senior marketing representative for Martin Marietta Corporation, data systems division, from 1979 to 1980. From 1977 to 1979, he was employed by General Electric Corporation, where he was an applications specialist in the medical systems division and a marketing representative in the information services division. Mr. Cash was a systems engineer with Electronic Data Systems from 1975 to 1977, and was involved in maintaining and developing software for commercial applications. Mr. Cash received a B.S. degree in psychology and mathematics in 1972 and an M.B.A. degree with a concentration in finance in 1975 from Florida State University. Mr. Cash is an arbitrator with the American Arbitration Association and is qualified as a registered principal with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

Paritosh K. Choksi, age 71, joined ATEL in 1999 as a director, senior vice president and its chief financial officer. He became its executive vice president and CFO/COO in April 2001. Prior to joining ATEL, Mr. Choksi was chief financial officer at Wink Communications, Inc. from 1997 to 1999. From 1977 to 1997, Mr. Choksi was with Phoenix American Incorporated, a financial services and management company, where he held various positions during his tenure, and was senior vice president, chief financial officer and director when he left the company. Mr. Choksi was involved in all corporate matters at Phoenix and was responsible for Phoenix’s capital market needs. He also served on the credit committee overseeing all corporate investments, including its venture lease portfolio. Mr. Choksi was a part of the executive management team which caused Phoenix’s portfolio to increase from $50 million in assets to over $2 billion. Mr. Choksi is a member of the board of directors of Syntel, Inc. Mr. Choksi received a bachelor of technology degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay; and an M.B.A. degree from the University of California, Berkeley.

Audit Committee

The board of directors of the Managing Member acts as the audit committee of the Company. Dean L. Cash and Paritosh K. Choksi are members of the board of directors of the Managing Member and are deemed to be financial experts. They are not independent of the Company.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Based solely on a review of Forms 3, 4, and 5, the Company is not aware of any failures to file reports of beneficial ownership required to be filed during or for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Code of Ethics

A Code of Ethics that is applicable to the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of its Manager, ATEL Managing Member, LLC, or persons acting in such capacity on behalf of the Company, is included as Exhibit 14.1 to this report.

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The registrant has no officers or directors.

Set forth hereinafter is a description of the nature of remuneration paid and to be paid to the Manager and its affiliates. The amount of such remuneration paid for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is set forth in Item 8 of this report under the caption “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Financial Statements — Related party transactions,” at Note 6 thereof, which information is hereby incorporated by reference.

Asset Management Fee and Carried Interest

The Company pays the Manager an annual Asset Management Fee in an amount equal to 1.25% of the aggregate Purchase Price of Portfolio Assets acquired by the Fund through the end of each month during the period. Upon commencement of the Operating State; the period starting with the final sale of Units and ending six calendar years after the final sale of units, and the first two years of the Liquidating Stage; the period occurring after the Operating Stage until the final sale of units, the Company will pay the Manager an annual Asset Management Fee in an amount equal to an annualized 1.75% of the aggregate net Portfolio Assets, calculated for each month during the period as the aggregate Purchase Price of Portfolio Assets as of the end of the month, less the amount of the aggregate Purchase Price of Portfolio Assets attributable to Portfolio Assets which have been sold or otherwise disposed by the Fund through the end of the month. The Asset Management Fee payable for services rendered during the reminder of the Liquidating Stage will be equal to an annualized 1.75% of the Book Value of Fund Assets less total cash reported as of the end of the most recent prior fiscal quarter or year, as the case may be. The Asset Management Fee is paid on a monthly basis.

The Manager supervises performance of all management activities, including, among other activities: the acquisition and financing of the investment portfolio, collection of lease and loan revenues, monitoring compliance by lessees borrowers with their contract terms, assuring that investment assets are being used in accordance with all operative contractual arrangements, paying operating expenses and arranging for necessary maintenance and repair of equipment and property in the event a lessee fails to do so, monitoring property, sales and use tax compliance and preparation of operating financial data. The Manager intends to delegate all or a portion of its duties and the Asset Management Fee to one or more of its affiliates who are in the business of providing such services.

The Manager also receives, as its Carried Interest, an amount equal to 0.01% of all Company Distributions.

Limitations on Fees

The Fund has adopted a single Asset Management Fee plus the Carried Interest as a means of compensating the Manager for sponsoring the Fund and managing its operations. While this compensation structure is intended to simplify management compensation for purposes of investor’s understanding, state securities administrators use a more complicated compensation structure in their review of equipment program offerings in order to assure that those offerings are fair under the states’ merit review guidelines. The total of all Front End Fees, the Carried Interest and the Asset Management Fee will be subject to the Asset Management Fee Limit in order to assure these state administrators that the Fund will not bear greater fees than permitted under the state merit review guidelines. The North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc. (“NASAA”) is an organization of state securities administrators, those state government agencies responsible for qualifying securities offerings in their respective states. NASAA has established standards for the qualification of a number of different types of securities offerings and investment products, including its Statement of Policy on Equipment Programs (the “NASAA Equipment Leasing Guidelines”). Article IV, Sections C through G of the NASAA Equipment Leasing Guidelines establish the standards for payment of reasonable carried interests, promotional interests and fees for equipment acquisition, management, resale and releasing services to equipment leasing program sponsors. Article IV, Sections C through G of the NASAA Equipment Leasing Guidelines set the maximum compensation payable to the sponsor and its affiliates from an equipment leasing program such as the Fund. The Asset Management Fee Limit will equal the maximum compensation payable under Article IV, Sections C through G of the NASAA Equipment Leasing Guidelines as in effect on the date of the Fund’s prospectus (the “NASAA

Fee Limitation”). Under the Asset Management Fee Limit, the Fund will calculate the maximum fees payable under the NASAA Fee Limitation and guarantee that the Asset Management Fee it will pay the Manager and its Affiliates, when added to its Carried Interest, will never exceed the fees and interests payable to a sponsor and its affiliates under the NASAA Fee Limitation.

Asset Management Fee Limit. The Asset Management Fee Limit will be calculated each year during the Fund’s term by calculating the total fees that would be paid to the Manager if the Manager were to be compensated on the basis of the maximum compensation payable under the NASAA Fee Limitation, including the Manager’s Carried Interest, as described below. To the extent that the amount paid as Front End Fees, the Asset Management Fee, and the Carried Interest for any year would cause the total fees to exceed the aggregate amount of fees calculated under the NASAA Fee Limitation for the year, the Asset Management Fee and/or Carried Interest for that year will be reduced to equal the maximum aggregate fees under the NASAA Fee Limitation. To the extent any such fees are reduced, the amount of such reduction will be accrued and deferred, and such accrued and deferred compensation would be paid to the Manager in a subsequent period, but only to the extent that the deferred compensation would be within the Asset Management Fee Limit for that later period. Any deferred fees that cannot be paid under the applicable limitations through the date of liquidation would be forfeited by the Manager at liquidation.

Under the NASAA Equipment Leasing Guidelines, the Fund is required to commit a minimum percentage of the Gross Proceeds to Investment in Equipment, calculated as the greater of: (i) 80% of the Gross Proceeds reduced by 0.0625% for each 1% of indebtedness encumbering the Fund’s equipment; or (ii) 75% of such Gross Proceeds. The Fund intends to incur total indebtedness equal to 50% of the aggregate cost of its equipment. The Operating Agreement requires the Fund to commit at least 85.875% of the Gross Proceeds to Investment in Equipment. Based on the formula in the NASAA Guidelines, the Fund’s minimum Investment in Equipment would equal 76.875% of Gross Proceeds (80% - [50% × .0625%] = 76.875%), and the Fund’s minimum Investment in Equipment would therefore exceed the NASAA Fee Limitation minimum by 9%.

The amount of the Carried Interest permitted the Manager under the NASAA Fee Limitation will be dependent on the amount by which the percentage of Gross Proceeds the Fund ultimately commits to Investment in Equipment exceeds the minimum Investment in Equipment under the NASAA Fee Limitation. The NASAA Fee Limitation permits the Manager and its Affiliates to receive compensation in the form of a carried interest in Fund Net Income, Net Loss and Distributions equal to 1% for the first 2.5% of excess Investment in Equipment over the NASAA Guidelines minimum, 1% for the next 2% of such excess, and 1% for each additional 1% of excess Investment in Equipment. With a minimum Investment in Equipment of 85.875%, the Manager and its Affiliates may receive an additional carried interest equal to 6.5% of Net Profit, Net Loss and Distributions under the foregoing formula (2.5% + 2% + 4.5% = 9%; 1% + 1% + 4.5% = 6.5%). At the lowest permitted level of Investment in Equipment, the NASAA Guidelines would permit the Manager and its Affiliates to receive a promotional interest equal to 5% of Distributions of Cash from Operations and 1% of Distributions of Sale or Refinancing Proceeds until Members have received total Distributions equal to their Original Invested Capital plus an 8% per annum cumulative return on their Adjusted Invested Capital, and, thereafter, the promotional interest may increase to 15% of all Distributions.

With the additional carried interest calculated as described above, the maximum aggregate fees payable to the Manager and Affiliates under the NASAA Guidelines as carried interest and promotional interest would equal 11.5% of Distributions of Cash from Operations (6.5% + 5% = 11.5%), and 7.5% of Distributions of Sale or Refinancing Proceeds (6.5% + 1% = 7.5%), before the subordination level was reached, and 21.5% of all Distributions thereafter. The maximum amounts to be paid under the terms of the Operating Agreement are subject to the application of the Asset Management Fee Limit provided in Section 8.3 of the Agreement, which limits the annual amount payable to the Manager and its Affiliates as the Asset Management Fee and the Carried Interest to an aggregate not to exceed the total amount of fees that would be payable to the Manager and its Affiliates under the NASAA Fee Limitation.

Upon completion of the offering of Units, final commitment of offering proceeds to acquisition of equipment and establishment of final levels of permanent portfolio debt, the Manager will calculate the maximum carried interest and promotional interest payable to the Manager and its Affiliates under the NASAA Fee Limitation and compare such total permitted fees to the total of the Asset Management Fee and Manager’s Carried Interest. If and to the extent that the Asset Management Fee and Manager’s Carried Interest would exceed the fees calculated under the NASAA Fee Limitation, the fees payable to the Manager and its Affiliates will be reduced by an amount sufficient to cause the total of such compensation to comply with the NASAA Fee Limitation. The adjusted Asset Management Fee Limit will then be applied to the Asset Management Fee and Carried Interest as described above. A comparison of the Front End Fees

actually paid by the Fund and the NASAA Fee Limitation maximums will be repeated, and any required adjustments will be made, at least annually thereafter.

See Note 6 to the financial statements as set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, for amounts paid.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners

At December 31, 2024, no investor is known to hold beneficially more than 5% of the issued and outstanding Units.

Security Ownership of Management

The parent of ATEL Managing Member, LLC is the beneficial owner of Limited Liability Company Units as follows:


(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	Name and Address of	Amount and Nature of	Percent of
Title of Class	Beneficial Owner	Beneficial Ownership	Class
Limited Liability Company Units	ATEL Financial Services, LLC	Initial Limited Liability	0.012	%
	The Transamerica Pyramid	Company Units
	505 Montgomery Street, 7th Floor	50 Units ($500)
	San Francisco, CA 94111

Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

See Item 8 of this report under the caption “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Financial Statements - Related party transactions” at Note 7 thereof.

Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred audit fees with its principal auditors totaling $132 thousand and $109 thousand, respectively. Audit fees consist of the aggregate fees and expenses billed in connection with the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and the review of the financial statements included in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.

The board of directors of the Managing Member acts as the audit committee of the registrant. Engagements for audit services, audit related services and tax services are approved in advance by the Chief Financial Officer of the Managing Member acting on behalf of the board of directors of the Managing Member in its role as the audit committee of the Company.

PART IV

Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES


(a)	Financial Statements and Schedules

1.	Financial Statements

	Included in Part II of this report:
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Moss Adams LLP, San Francisco, CA, PCAOB ID: 659)	13
	Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023	14
	Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	15
	Statements of Changes in Members’ Capital for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	16
	Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023	17
	Notes to Financial Statements	18

2.	Financial Statement Schedules

	All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.


(b)	Exhibits

	(3) and (4) Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement, included as exhibit B to the Prospectus effective November 5, 2013 as filed on November 6, 2013 (File Number 333-188924) is hereby incorporated herein by reference
	(4.1) Description of the Registrant’s Securities pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
	(14.1) Code of Ethics
	(31.1) Certification of Dean L. Cash pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
	(31.2) Certification of Paritosh K. Choksi pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
	(32.1) Certification of Dean L. Cash pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350
	(32.2) Certification of Paritosh K. Choksi pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350
	(101.INS) Inline XBRL Instance Document
	(101.SCH) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
	(101.CAL) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
	(101.DEF) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
	(101.LAB) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
	(101.PRE) Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
	(104) The cover page for the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
	December 31, 2024 has been formatted in Inline XBRL

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 19, 2025

ATEL 16, LLC

(Registrant)


By:	ATEL Managing Member, LLC Managing Member of Registrant

By:	/s/ Dean L. Cash
	Dean L. Cash
	Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)


By:	/s/ Paritosh K. Choksi
	Paritosh K. Choksi
	Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)


By:	/s/ Raymond A. Rigo
	Raymond A. Rigo
	Senior Vice President, Fund Controller of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURE

CAPACITIES

DATE

/s/ Dean L. Cash

Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive
Officer of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)

March 19, 2025

Dean L. Cash

/s/ Paritosh K. Choksi

Director, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer and Chief Operating Officer of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)

March 19, 2025

Paritosh K. Choksi

/s/ Raymond A. Rigo

Senior Vice President, Fund Controller of ATEL Managing Member, LLC (Managing Member)

March 19, 2025

Raymond A. Rigo

No proxy materials have been or will be sent to security holders. An annual report will be furnished to security holders subsequent to the filing of this report on Form 10-K, and copies thereof will be furnished supplementally to the Commission when forwarded to the security holders.

ATEL 16, LLC 10-K