Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods presented have been included. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition - The Company enters into contracts with its customers that generally represent purchase orders specifying general terms and conditions, order quantities and per unit product prices. The Company has determined that each unit of product purchased represents a separate performance obligation. The Company satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of a unit of product is transferred to the customer. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products. For the majority of product sales, transfer of control occurs when the products are shipped from the Company’s manufacturing facility to the customer. The cost of delivering products to the Company’s customers is recorded as a component of the cost of products sold. Those costs may include the amounts paid to a third party to deliver the products. Any freight costs billed to and paid by a customer are included in revenue.

The Company considers collectability of amounts due under a contract to be probable upon inception of a sale based on an evaluation of the creditworthiness of each customer. The Company sells its products typically under agreements with payment terms of 30-60 days. The Company does not normally include extended payment terms or significant financing components in contracts with customers. The majority of the Company’s contracts have an obligation to transfer products within one year. Thus, the Company elects to use the practical expedient where incremental cost of obtaining a contract, such as commissions, is expensed when incurred because the amortization period for those costs is one year or less. The Company treats shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the product transfers as fulfillment activities and therefore does not account for shipping and handling costs as a separate performance obligation. Customer deposits are funds received in advance from customers and are recognized as revenue when the Company has transferred control of product to the customer. Product revenues are recognized upon shipment of goods as the customer has assumed the significant risks and rewards of ownership and the Company is entitled to payment at this point. Service revenues are recognized upon completion as the customer cannot realize the benefit of the service until it is fully completed.

Revenue from the photonics industry exceeded 99% of total revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The top two customers represented 83% and 89% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company sells multiple products to its top two customers. International shipments were 1% and 2% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Contract assets – The following table presents changes in the Company’s contract assets during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:


		Balance at beginning of period	Billings			Payments received		Balance at end of period
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Accounts receivable	$	704,808	$	7,109,536	$	(7,211,449)	$	602,895

Six months ended June 30, 2024
Accounts receivable	$	854,501	$	13,935,805	$	(13,612,237)	$	1,178,069

Customer deposits – Amounts that have been invoiced are recognized in accounts receivable, customer deposits or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Customer deposits represent amounts billed for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Customer deposits typically relate to uncompleted purchase orders which have been partially paid for by customers prior to performance of those services or transfer of control of the product. The following table presents changes in contract liabilities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:



		Balance at beginning of period		Billings		Recognized revenue		Balance at end of period
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Contract Liabilities: Customer deposits	$	337,873	$	4,757,749	$	(4,237,498)	$	858,124

Six months ended June 30, 2024
Contract Liabilities: Customer deposits	$	4,871,035	$	6,410,202	$	(10,332,019)	$	949,218

Employee Retention Credit (ERC) - The Company qualified for federal government assistance through Employee Retention Credit provisions of the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 during 2021 and 2020. The purpose of the Employee Retention Credit was to encourage employers to keep employees on the payroll, even if they were not working during the covered period because of the coronavirus outbreak. These funds were recorded in the Statements of Income as an offset to payroll costs in their respective expense lines and as a tax receivable on the balance sheets. A balance of $40,539 appears as a tax receivable on the balance sheet December 31, 2024. The Company received the full ERC balance, plus interest of $6,650 in April of 2025.

SCI Engineered Materials, Inc. 10-Q