SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

These accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and associates. Intercompany transactions and balances were eliminated in consolidation. The Company has adopted December 31 as its fiscal year end.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiaries which the Company controls and entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. For those consolidated subsidiaries where the Company’s ownership is less than 100%, the outside shareholders’ interests are shown as non-controlling interests in equity. Acquired businesses are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control is transferred to the Company. Subsidiaries are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Below is the organization chart of the Group.

Use of Estimates

In preparing these financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets and revenues and expenses during the years reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

Our deposit in Malaysia banks are secured by Perbadanan Insurans Deposit Malaysia, compensating up to a limit of Malaysia Ringgit MYR250,000 per deposit per member bank, which is equivalent to $56,351, if any of our bank fail.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation and amortization provided using the straight-line method over the following periods:

Asset Categories		Depreciation Periods
Renovation		over the remaining lease period
Computer Systems		4 to 5 years
Furniture and Fittings		10 years
Electrical Fittings		10 years
Handphone		5 years
Office Equipment		10 years
Motor Vehicle		5 years
Property		50 years

Credit losses

The Company estimates and records a provision for its expected credit losses related to its financial instruments, including its trade receivables. Management considers historical collection rates, the current financial status of the Company’s customers, macroeconomic factors, and other industry-specific factors when evaluating current expected credit losses. Forward-looking information is also considered in the evaluation of current expected credit losses. However, because of the short time to the expected receipt of accounts receivable, management believes that the carrying value, net of expected losses, approximates fair value and therefore, relies more on historical and current analysis of such financial instruments, including its trade receivables.

Credit loss rate is determined by historical collection based on aging schedule, adjusted for current conditions using reasonable and supportable forecasts. Based on the aging categorization and the adjusted loss rate per category, an allowance for credit losses is calculated by multiplying the adjusted loss rate with the amortized cost in the respective age category.

Investment in associate

In accordance with ASC Topic 321, “Investments – Equity Securities”, the Company measures the investment in associate without a readily determinable fair value at its cost minus impairment, if any. The Company reassess at each reporting period whether the equity investment without a readily determinable fair value qualifies to be measured at fair value. The measurement of those securities at fair value shall be irrevocable. Any resulting gains or losses on the investment in associate for which that measurement is made shall be recorded in earnings at that time. At each reporting period, the Company makes a qualitative assessment on the investment in associate considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. If an equity security without a readily determinable fair value is impaired, the Company shall include an impairment loss in net income equal to the difference between the fair value of the investment and its carrying amount.

Revenue recognition

The Company through subsidiaries generate multiple streams of revenues based on different business model adopted by each subsidiary through provisions of services and recognized upon customer obtained control of promised services and recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company applies the following five-step model in order to determine this amount:

(i) Identify contract with customer;

(ii) Identify distinct performance obligations in contract, including promises if any;

(iii) Measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;

(iv) Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and

(v) Recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Under Topic 606, the Company records revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is probable. The Company records revenue from the delivery of the finalized information technology services such as business system integration and management services, computer programming activities and services to the customers.

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue includes direct costs associated with provision of services such as development costs, purchases of third-party software, maintenance fees and consultation fees.

Income tax expense

Income taxes are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC Topic 740”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company also adopted ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which requires disaggregated information about the reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid.

ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclosed in their financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.

The Company conducts major businesses in Malaysia and is subject to tax in their own jurisdictions. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.

Going concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As reflected in the accompanying financial statements, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $482,429 and negative operating cash flow of $45,148. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has accumulated deficit of $8,522,029. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company does not have sufficient revenue to cover its operating cost due to the research and development activities performed in the initial stage. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon improving its profitability and the continuing financial support from its major shareholders. Management believes the existing shareholders or external financing will provide the additional cash to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due.

No assurance can be given that any future financing, if needed, will be available. These and other factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability in profitability that may result in the Company not being able to continue as a going concern.

Foreign currencies translation

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The functional currency of the Company is the United States Dollars (“US$” or “US dollars”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US dollars. In addition, the Company’s subsidiary maintains its books and record in Malaysia Ringgit (“MYR”), United States Dollars (“US$”), Hong Kong Dollars (“HK$”) and Thailand Baht (“THB”), which is the respective functional currency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which the entity operates.

In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US dollars are translated into US dollars, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Translation of amounts from the local currency of the Company into US$1 has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:

SCHEDULE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Period-end MYR : US$1 exchange rate		4.44		4.72
Period-average MYR : US$1 exchange rate		4.45		4.73
Period-end HK$ : US$1 exchange rate		7.78		7.75
Period-average HK$ : US$1 exchange rate		7.78		7.75
Period-end THB : US$1 exchange rate		33.95		36.37
Period-average THB : US$1 exchange rate		33.93		35.86

Related parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

Fair value of financial instruments

The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, trade receivable, deposits and other receivables, amount due to related parties, trade payables and other payables approximate at their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

The Company also follows the guidance of the ASC Topic 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820-10”), with respect to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value. ASC 820-10 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 : Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2 : Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 : Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements, at least annually, on a recurring basis, nor did the Company have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Net Income/(Loss) per Share

The Company calculates net income/(loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share.” Basic income/(loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income/(loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed similar to basic income/(loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common stock equivalents had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive.

Lease

The Company offices for fixed periods pre-emptive extension options. The Company recognizes lease payments for its short-term lease on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Lease liability is initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. Costs associated with operating lease assets are recognized on a straight-line basis within operating expenses over the term of the lease.

In determining the present value of the unpaid lease payments, ASC 842 requires a lessee to discount its unpaid lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, its incremental borrowing rate. As most of the Company leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for the lease. The Company incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments.

Acquisition Agreement

The acquisition of StarFIN Holdings Limited. (“SFHL”) has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, “Business Combinations”. Under the purchase method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.

The allocation of the purchase price has been prepared based on preliminary estimates of fair values. However, actual amounts recorded upon the finalization of estimates of fair values may differ from the information presented in these unaudited pro forma condensed combined consolidated financial statements. The Company estimates of the fair values of the assets and liabilities of SFHL have been combined with the recorded values of the assets and liabilities of SFHL in the audited condensed combined financial information, goodwill was immediately impaired upon recognition.

Segment Reporting

The Company follows the guidance of ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, which establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organization structure as well as information about services categories, business segments and major customers in financial statements. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company has three reportable segments based on business unit, Fintech, RPA and Regtech businesses and two reportable segments based on country, Malaysia and Non-Malaysia. The Company also adopted ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date to further clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. ASU 2024-03 requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The requirements of ASU 2024-03 are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU 2024-03 or retrospectively to any or all periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

The Company reviews new accounting standards as issued. Management has not identified any other new standards that it believes will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

These accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).

Below is the organization chart of the Group.

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers short-term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.

Our deposits in Malaysia banks are secured by Perbadanan Insurans Deposit Malaysia, compensating up to a limit of Malaysia Ringgit MYR250,000 per deposit per member bank, which is equivalent to $55,923, if any of our banks fail.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Plant and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation and amortization provided using the straight-line method over the following periods:

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation and amortization provided using the straight-line method over the following periods:

Asset Categories		Depreciation Periods
Renovation		over the remaining lease period
Computer Systems		4 to 5 years
Furniture and Fittings		10 years
Electrical Fittings		10 years
Handphone		5 years
Office Equipment		10 years
Motor Vehicle		5 years
Property		50 years

Credit losses

Investment in associate

Revenue recognition

(i) Identify contract with customer;

(ii) Identify distinct performance obligations in contract, including promises if any;

(iii) Measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration;

(iv) Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and

(v) Recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue includes direct costs associated with provision of services such as development costs, purchases of third-party software, maintenance fees and consultation fees.

Income tax expense

Foreign currencies translation

Translation of amounts from the local currency of the Company into US$1 has been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:

SCHEDULE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE

	For the years ended December 31
	2024		2023
Period-end MYR : US$1 exchange rate		4.47		4.59
Period-average MYR : US$1 exchange rate		4.56		4.57
Period-end HK$ : US$1 exchange rate		7.75		7.75
Period-average HK$ : US$1 exchange rate		7.75		7.75
Period-end THB : US$1 exchange rate		34.34		-
Period-average THB : US$1 exchange rate		35.23		-

Related parties

Fair value of financial instruments

Level 1 : Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2 : Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 : Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company did not have any non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements, at least annually, on a recurring basis, nor did the Company have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Net Income/(Loss) per Share

Lease

The Company offices for fixed periods pre-emptive extension options. The Company recognizes lease payments for its short-term lease on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Acquisition Agreement

The acquisition of StarFIN Holdings Limited. (“SFHL”) has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, “Business Combinations.” Under the purchase method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values.

Segment Reporting

The Company follows the guidance of ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, which establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organization structure as well as information about services categories, business segments and major customers in financial statements. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has three reportable segments based on business unit, Fintech, RPA and Regtech businesses and two reportable segments based on country, Malaysia and Non-Malaysia. The Company also adopted ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards and Adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company already adopted this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which requires disaggregated information about the reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company already adopted this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

The Company reviews new accounting standards as issued. Management has not identified any other new standards that it believes will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

ASIAFIN HOLDINGS CORP. S-1